Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (53)
- Postprint (11)
- Other (8)
- Conference Proceeding (2)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
- Part of Periodical (1)
- Preprint (1)
- Review (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (78)
Keywords
- Alcohol dependence (6)
- Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (6)
- fMRI (6)
- alcohol (5)
- ventral striatum (5)
- Reinforcement learning (4)
- depression (4)
- Working memory (3)
- interference control (3)
- monetary incentive delay task (3)
- reinforcement learning (3)
- reward anticipation (3)
- working memory (3)
- Cognition (2)
- Cognitive impairment (2)
- Decision making (2)
- Decision-making (2)
- Dementia (2)
- Dopamine (2)
- Games (2)
- Intelligence (2)
- Learning (2)
- Mars (2)
- Metabolic syndrome (2)
- Mobile diagnostics (2)
- Music cognition (2)
- Nutrition (2)
- PET (2)
- Pavlovian‐to‐instrumental transfer (2)
- Physical activity (2)
- Prevention (2)
- RDoC (2)
- Relapse (2)
- Research Domain Criteria (2)
- Rural health (2)
- Ventral striatum (2)
- Video games (2)
- addiction (2)
- adolescents (2)
- agitation (2)
- alternative rewards (2)
- amygdala (2)
- animal and computational models (2)
- attention (2)
- break interventions (2)
- cognitive resources (2)
- cognitive-behavioral control (2)
- computer games (2)
- craving and relapse (2)
- decision-making (2)
- dimensional (2)
- dopamine (2)
- habit formation (2)
- high risk drinkers (2)
- high‐risk drinking (2)
- mind wandering (2)
- mozart effect (2)
- nonreward sensitivity (2)
- nursing home (2)
- orbitofrontal cortex (2)
- polygenic risk (2)
- reward sensitivity (2)
- reward system (2)
- stress (2)
- transdiagnostic (2)
- AAT (1)
- Addiction (1)
- Aging (1)
- Alcohol expectancy (1)
- Alzheimer disease (1)
- Amyloid fibril (1)
- Amyloidogenesis (1)
- Apathy (1)
- Astrobiology (1)
- BIOMEX (1)
- BPSD (1)
- Behavioral tasks (1)
- Bimanual probe (1)
- Biosignature (1)
- Coercion (1)
- Computational psychiatry (1)
- Confirmatory factor analysis CFA (1)
- D2/3 receptors (1)
- Danger to others (1)
- Depressive symptoms (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Diagnosis and classification (1)
- Dimensional (1)
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (1)
- EXPOSE-R2 (1)
- Ecological momentary assessment (1)
- Epigenetic Biomarkers (1)
- Error monitoring (1)
- Europe (1)
- Executive functions (1)
- Extremophiles (1)
- First psychotic episode (1)
- Fist-Edge-Palm test (1)
- Fluid intelligence (1)
- Future drinking behavior (1)
- Goal-directed control (1)
- Habitability (1)
- Hazardous alcohol use (1)
- Human (1)
- Human neuroimaging (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- Incidence rates (1)
- Inpatient psychiatric care (1)
- Instrumentation (1)
- Intervention study (1)
- Limits of life (1)
- Low Earth Orbit (1)
- Luria (1)
- Medial prefrontal cortex (1)
- Monetary incentive delay task (1)
- Moon (1)
- Multivoxel classification (1)
- Neuroimaging (1)
- Non-pharmacological intervention (1)
- Nucleus accumbens (1)
- Occupational therapy (1)
- PD-CAN (1)
- Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (1)
- Personnel resources (1)
- Polygenic Risk Score (1)
- Prediction error (1)
- Prediction error signal (1)
- ResNet (1)
- Reversal learning (1)
- Reward Anticipation (1)
- Reward system (1)
- Schizophrenia (1)
- Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Sport therapy (1)
- Stress (1)
- Substance use (1)
- Suicide attempt (1)
- Training (1)
- Transdiagnostic (1)
- Transfer (1)
- Treatment outcome (1)
- Turkish migrants (1)
- Updating (1)
- Ward size (1)
- acute stress (1)
- agent-based model (1)
- aging (1)
- alcohol addiction (1)
- alcohol dependence (1)
- animal-assisted therapy (1)
- anxiety disoders (1)
- beta(2)-microglobulin (1)
- camera sensor (1)
- cardiovascular rehabilitation (1)
- chronic stress (1)
- cognitive abilities (1)
- cognitive speed (1)
- computational modeling (1)
- cross-national (1)
- decision making (1)
- deep learning (1)
- dependence (1)
- depressive symptoms (1)
- dimensional psychopathology (1)
- disease severity (1)
- dog-assisted therapy (1)
- drug and alcohol abuse (1)
- early warning (1)
- environmental factors (1)
- epidemiology (mental health) (1)
- epigenetics and behaviour (1)
- exercise (1)
- fluid intelligence (1)
- genome-wide association (1)
- goal-directed (1)
- guideline (1)
- habitual and goal-directed system (1)
- high risk (1)
- housing (1)
- human Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (1)
- human behaviour (1)
- human brain (1)
- human intelligence (1)
- hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis (1)
- image recognition (1)
- immigrant (1)
- impact forecasting (1)
- individual-based model (1)
- intake screening (1)
- intelligence (1)
- international studies (1)
- learning and memory (1)
- mental disorders (1)
- metaanalysis (1)
- middle-aged adults (1)
- model description (1)
- model-based and model-free learning (1)
- model-based learning (1)
- model-free learning (1)
- monitoring (1)
- natural hazards (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- nucleus accumbens (1)
- older adults (1)
- physiological reactivity (1)
- plasticity (1)
- prediction (1)
- prediction error (1)
- prediction error signal (1)
- psychopathology (1)
- real-life events (1)
- relapse in alcohol use disorder (1)
- reliability (1)
- reward (1)
- risky drinking (1)
- rural-urban factors (1)
- scientific communication (1)
- smart farming (1)
- social behavior; (1)
- standardization (1)
- striatum (1)
- subtle and blatant prejudice (1)
- training (1)
- trial (1)
- volume (1)
- wheat crops (1)
- yellow rust (1)
Institute
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (34)
- Department Psychologie (15)
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (9)
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (5)
- Institut für Mathematik (4)
- Extern (2)
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften (1)
- Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät (1)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (1)
- Institut für Informatik und Computational Science (1)
Dysregulation of physiological stress reactivity plays a key role in the development and relapse risk of alcohol dependence. This article reviews studies investigating physiological responses to experimentally induced acute stress in patients with alcohol dependence. A systematic search from electronic databases resulted in 3641 articles found and after screening 62 articles were included in our review. Studies are analyzed based on stress types (i.e., social stress tasks and nonsocial stress tasks) and physiological markers (i.e., the nervous system, the endocrine system, somatic responses and the immune system). In studies applying nonsocial stress tasks, alcohol-dependent patients were reported to show a blunted stress response compared with healthy controls in the majority of studies applying markers of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol. In studies applying social stress tasks, findings are inconsistent, with less than half of the studies reporting altered physiological stress responses in patients. We discuss the impact of duration of abstinence, comorbidities, baseline physiological arousal and intervention on the discrepancy of study findings. Furthermore, we review evidence for an associationbetween blunted physiological stress responses and the relapse risk among patients with alcohol dependence. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Pavlovian cues can influence ongoing instrumental behaviour via Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) processes. While appetitive Pavlovian cues tend to promote instrumental approach, they are detrimental when avoidance behaviour is required, and vice versa for aversive cues. We recently reported that susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control assessed via a PIT task was associated with risky alcohol use at age 18. We now investigated whether such susceptibility also predicts drinking trajectories until age 24, based on AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) consumption and binge drinking (gramme alcohol/drinking occasion) scores. The interference PIT effect, assessed at ages 18 and 21 during fMRI, was characterized by increased error rates (ER) and enhanced neural responses in the ventral striatum (VS), the lateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices (dmPFC) during conflict, that is, when an instrumental approach was required in the presence of an aversive Pavlovian cue or vice versa. We found that a stronger VS response during conflict at age 18 was associated with a higher starting point of both drinking trajectories but predicted a decrease in binge drinking. At age 21, high ER and enhanced neural responses in the dmPFC were associated with increasing AUDIT-C scores over the next 3 years until age 24. Overall, susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control might be viewed as a predisposing mechanism towards hazardous alcohol use during young adulthood, and the identified high-risk group may profit from targeted interventions.
Theories of decision-making and its neural substrates have long assumed the existence of two distinct and competing valuation systems, variously described as goal-directed vs. habitual, or, more recently and based on statistical arguments, as model-free vs. model-based reinforcement-learning. Though both have been shown to control choices, the cognitive abilities associated with these systems are under ongoing investigation. Here we examine the link to cognitive abilities, and find that individual differences in processing speed covary with a shift from model-free to model-based choice control in the presence of above-average working memory function. This suggests shared cognitive and neural processes; provides a bridge between literatures on intelligence and valuation; and may guide the development of process models of different valuation components. Furthermore, it provides a rationale for individual differences in the tendency to deploy valuation systems, which may be important for understanding the manifold neuropsychiatric diseases associated with malfunctions of valuation.
Rationale: Advances in neurocomputational modeling suggest that valuation systems for goal-directed (deliberative) on one side, and habitual (automatic) decision-making on the other side may rely on distinct computational strategies for reinforcement learning, namely model-free vs. model-based learning. As a key theoretical difference, the model-based system strongly demands cognitive functions to plan actions prospectively based on an internal cognitive model of the environment, whereas valuation in the model-free system relies on rather simple learning rules from operant conditioning to retrospectively associate actions with their outcomes and is thus cognitively less demanding. Acute stress reactivity is known to impair model-based but not model-free choice behavior, with higher working memory capacity protecting the model-based system from acute stress. However, it is not clear which impact accumulated real life stress has on model-free and model-based decision systems and how this influence interacts with cognitive abilities. Methods: We used a sequential decision-making task distinguishing relative contributions of both learning strategies to choice behavior, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale questionnaire to assess accumulated real life stress, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test to test cognitive speed in 95 healthy subjects. Results: Individuals reporting high stress exposure who had low cognitive speed showed reduced model-based but increased model-free behavioral control. In contrast, subjects exposed to accumulated real life stress with high cognitive speed displayed increased model-based performance but reduced model-free control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that accumulated real life stress exposure can enhance reliance on cognitive speed for model-based computations, which may ultimately protect the model-based system from the detrimental influences of accumulated real life stress. The combination of accumulated real life stress exposure and slower information processing capacities, however, might favor model-free strategies. Thus, the valence and preference of either system strongly depends on stressful experiences and individual cognitive capacities.
Drugs of abuse elicit dopamine release in the ventral striatum, possibly biasing dopamine-driven reinforcement learning towards drug-related reward at the expense of non-drug-related reward. Indeed, in alcohol-dependent patients, reactivity in dopaminergic target areas is shifted from non-drug-related stimuli towards drug-related stimuli. Such hijacked' dopamine signals may impair flexible learning from non-drug-related rewards, and thus promote craving for the drug of abuse. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure ventral striatal activation by reward prediction errors (RPEs) during a probabilistic reversal learning task in recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and healthy controls (N=27). All participants also underwent 6-[F-18]fluoro-DOPA positron emission tomography to assess ventral striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. Neither ventral striatal activation by RPEs nor striatal dopamine synthesis capacity differed between groups. However, ventral striatal coding of RPEs correlated inversely with craving in patients. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between ventral striatal coding of RPEs and dopamine synthesis capacity in healthy controls, but not in alcohol-dependent patients. Moderator analyses showed that the magnitude of the association between dopamine synthesis capacity and RPE coding depended on the amount of chronic, habitual alcohol intake. Despite the relatively small sample size, a power analysis supports the reported results. Using a multimodal imaging approach, this study suggests that dopaminergic modulation of neural learning signals is disrupted in alcohol dependence in proportion to long-term alcohol intake of patients. Alcohol intake may perpetuate itself by interfering with dopaminergic modulation of neural learning signals in the ventral striatum, thus increasing craving for habitual drug intake.
In animals and humans, behavior can be influenced by irrelevant stimuli, a phenomenon called Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). In subjects with substance use disorder, PIT is even enhanced with functional activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala. While we observed enhanced behavioral and neural PIT effects in alcohol-dependent subjects, we here aimed to determine whether behavioral PIT is enhanced in young men with high-risk compared to low-risk drinking and subsequently related functional activation in an a-priori region of interest encompassing the NAcc and amygdala and related to polygenic risk for alcohol consumption. A representative sample of 18-year old men (n = 1937) was contacted: 445 were screened, 209 assessed: resulting in 191 valid behavioral, 139 imaging and 157 genetic datasets. None of the subjects fulfilled criteria for alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TextRevision (DSM-IV-TR). We measured how instrumental responding for rewards was influenced by background Pavlovian conditioned stimuli predicting action-independent rewards and losses. Behavioral PIT was enhanced in high-compared to low-risk drinkers (b = 0.09, SE = 0.03, z = 2.7, p < 0.009). Across all subjects, we observed PIT-related neural blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the right amygdala (t = 3.25, p(SVC) = 0.04, x = 26, y = -6, z = -12), but not in NAcc. The strength of the behavioral PIT effect was positively correlated with polygenic risk for alcohol consumption (r(s) = 0.17, p = 0.032). We conclude that behavioral PIT and polygenic risk for alcohol consumption might be a biomarker for a subclinical phenotype of risky alcohol consumption, even if no drug-related stimulus is present. The association between behavioral PIT effects and the amygdala might point to habitual processes related to out PIT task. In non-dependent young social drinkers, the amygdala rather than the NAcc is activated during PIT; possible different involvement in association with disease trajectory should be investigated in future studies.
Fluid intelligence (fluid IQ), defined as the capacity for rapid problem solving and behavioral adaptation, is known to be modulated by learning and experience. Both stressful life events (SLES) and neural correlates of learning [specifically, a key mediator of adaptive learning in the brain, namely the ventral striatal representation of prediction errors (PE)] have been shown to be associated with individual differences in fluid IQ. Here, we examine the interaction between adaptive learning signals (using a well-characterized probabilistic reversal learning task in combination with fMRI) and SLES on fluid IQ measures. We find that the correlation between ventral striatal BOLD PE and fluid IQ, which we have previously reported, is quantitatively modulated by the amount of reported SLES. Thus, after experiencing adversity, basic neuronal learning signatures appear to align more closely with a general measure of flexible learning (fluid IQ), a finding complementing studies on the effects of acute stress on learning. The results suggest that an understanding of the neurobiological correlates of trait variables like fluid IQ needs to take socioemotional influences such as chronic stress into account.
The interruption of learning processes by breaks filled with diverse activities is common in everyday life. This study investigated the effects of active computer gaming and passive relaxation (rest and music) breaks on auditory versus visual memory performance. Young adults were exposed to breaks involving (a) open eyes resting, (b) listening to music, and (c) playing a video game, immediately after memorizing auditory versus visual stimuli. To assess learning performance, words were recalled directly after the break (an 8:30 minute delay) and were recalled and recognized again after 7 days. Based on linear mixed-effects modeling, it was found that playing the Angry Birds video game during a short learning break impaired long-term retrieval in auditory learning but enhanced long-term retrieval in visual learning compared with the music and rest conditions. These differential effects of video games on visual versus auditory learning suggest specific interference of common break activities on learning.