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Woodlands and steppes
(2018)
Based on fossil organism remains including plant macrofossils, charcoal, pollen, and invertebrates preserved in syngenetic deposits of the Batagay permafrost sequence in the Siberian Yana Highlands, we reconstructed the environmental history during marine isotope stages (MIS) 6 to 2. Two fossil assemblages, exceptionally rich in plant remains, allowed for a detailed description of the palaeo-vegetation during two climate extremes of the Late Pleistocene, the onset of the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the last interglacial. In addition, altogether 41 assemblages were used to outline the vegetation history since the penultimate cold stage of MIS 6. Accordingly, meadow steppes analogue to modern communities of the phytosociological order Festucetalia lenensis formed the primary vegetation during the Saalian and Weichselian cold stages. Cold-resistant tundra-steppe communities (Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii) as they occur above the treeline today were, in contrast to more northern locations, mostly lacking. During the last interglacial, open coniferous woodland similar to modern larch taiga was the primary vegetation at the site. Abundant charcoal indicates wildfire events during the last interglacial. Zoogenic disturbances of the local vegetation were indicated by the presence of ruderal plants, especially by abundant Urtica dioica, suggesting that the area was an interglacial refugium for large herbivores. Meadow steppes, which formed the primary vegetation during cold stages and provided potentially suitable pastures for herbivores, were a significant constituent of the plant cover in the Yana Highlands also under the full warm stage conditions of the last interglacial. Consequently, meadow steppes occurred in the Yana Highlands during the entire investigated timespan from MIS 6 to MIS 2 documenting a remarkable environmental stability. Thus, the proportion of meadow steppe vegetation merely shifted in response to the respectively prevailing climatic conditions. Their persistence indicates low precipitation and a relatively warm growing season throughout and beyond the late Pleistocene. The studied fossil record also proves that modern steppe occurrences in the Yana Highlands did not establish as late as in the Holocene but instead are relicts of a formerly continuous steppe belt extending from Central Siberia to Northeast Yakutia during the Pleistocene. The persistence of plants and invertebrates characteristic of meadow steppe vegetation in interior Yakutia throughout the late Quaternary indicates climatic continuity and documents the suitability of this region as a refugium also for other organisms of the Pleistocene mammoth steppe including the iconic large herbivores. (C)2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The use of preformed polymers for the preparation of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) multilayers is reviewed. Principles for polymer self-organization are outlined and the appropriate molecular designs are discussed. Recent developments in the different classes of polymers for LB multilayers are presented, and their outstanding properties highlighted.
Invasive alien species pose a great threat to the integrity of natural communities by competition with and predation on native species. In Germany the invasive raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and the native red fox (Vulpes vulpes) occupy a similar ecological niche. Therefore, the aim of our study was to discover the extent of exploitative diet competition between these two generalist carnivores. Carcasses of red foxes (n=256) and raccoon dogs (n=253) were collected throughout Mecklenburg Western-Pomerania (north-east Germany) and stomachs contains were analysed. Frequency of occurrence and biomass share indicate that both canids are omnivorous and pursue opportunistic feeding strategies. Small mammals and edible plant material were the most important food resources for red foxes and raccoon dogs. Nonetheless, interspecies differences were recorded for edible plant material, small mammals and insects. While red foxes mostly feed on voles, raccoon dogs consumed mice and shrews as often as voles. Only raccoon dogs preyed on amphibians. There were no differences in carrion consumption, both species scavenged on wild boar and we found clear competition for carrion year-round. Moreover, there was evidence that two red foxes foraged on raccoon dogs and vice versa. The mean annual interspecies diet overlap index was relatively high. The diets determined for raccoon dogs and red foxes were quite similar and a similar food niche breadth was recorded. However, only minor competition is assumed to take place since differences in feeding habits do exist.
3,4-Dihydro-2-H-pyran and oxalyl chloride react, depending on the conditions, to keto esters, a pyran-3- carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof, or to an hitherto unknown bicyclic acetal containing a vinyl chloride moiety. The structure of the latter product has been unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. A mechanism for its formation is proposed.
Willkommen in den Reckahner Museen : zur Wiederbelebung einer kostbaren kulturellen Tradition
(2008)
Seydlitz Erdkunde 2
(1996)
Inhalt:
Alexander von Humboldt-Forschungsstelle: Ingo Schwarz zum 65. Geburtstag
Ottmar Ette: Findung und Erfindung einer Leserschaft. Neuere Editionsprojekte zu Alexander von Humboldt als Grundlage und Herausforderung künftigen Forschens
Eberhard Knobloch: Alexandre de Humboldt et le Marquis de Laplace
Oliver Schwarz: Alexander von Humboldt als astronomischer Arbeiter, Diskussionspartner und Ideengeber
Petra Werner: Innenwelten und bleiche Gärten. Alexander von Humboldt untertage und in der Caripe-Höhle
Christian Suckow: Alexander von Humboldt in Ust’-Kamenogorsk
Anne Jobst: Neue Briefe Christian Gottfried Ehrenbergs an Alexander von Humboldt
Thomas Schmuck: Humboldt, Baer und die Evolution
Manfred Ringmacher: Zwei Briefe auf Guaraní in Alexander von Humboldts Handschrift
Ute Tintemann: Julius Klaproths Mithridates-Projekt, Alexander von Humboldt und das Verlagshaus Cotta
Ulrike Leitner: „Ja! Wenn Berlin Bonn wäre!“ Friedrich Rückerts Berufung nach Berlin
Frank Holl: „Zur Freiheit bestimmt“ – Alexander von Humboldts Blick auf die Kulturen der Welt
Sebastian Panwitz: Das Humboldt-Mendelssohn-Haus Jägerstraße 22. Ein Quellenfund
Laura Péaud: Du Mexique à l‘Oural : l‘expertise humboldtienne au service du politique
Bärbel Holtz: „Cicerone“ des Königs? Alexander von Humboldt und Friedrich Wilhelm III.
Menso Folkerts: Ein unerwartetes Zusammentreffen in Sanssouci. Alexander von Humboldt und Karl Ludwig Hencke an der Tafel Friedrich Wilhelms IV.
Ulrich Päßler: Preußens Mann in Washington. Fünf Briefe Friedrich von Gerolts an Alexander von Humboldt (1858/1859)
Bill Roba: German-Iowan Strategies in Celebrating the Centennial of Alexander von Humboldt’s Birth
Regina Mikosch: Ingo Schwarz‘ Veröffentlichungen zur Alexander von Humboldt
Über die Autoren
-Karin Reich, Elena Roussanova: Der 2019 wiederaufgefundene Brief von Gauß an Humboldt vom 17. August 1832 im Umfeld der Erforschung des Magnetismus und des Erdmagnetismus
-Dagmar Hülsenberg: Anwendung naturwissenschaftlicher und kameralistischer Erkenntnisse auf die Verarbeitung von Rohstoffen durch den jungen Alexander von Humboldt
-Peter Korneffel: Alexander von Humboldt postfrisch: Die Rezeption des deutschen Naturforschers in der weltweiten Philatelie
-Jie-Oun Lee: Erzählstrategien eines transdisziplinären Naturforschers
-Eberhard Schulz-Lüpertz: Alexander von Humboldt und Ulrich Jasper Seetzen – Auf den Spuren eines Helgoland-Briefs
-Ulrich Stottmeister: Der Mineraloge August Schmidt und die Entdeckung der Ural-Diamanten 1829 Teil II: Schmidts wissenschaftlicher Diamanten-Beweis und sein weiteres Schicksal im Ural
-Petra Werner: Ernste Kunst kann nicht gedeihen ohne Gunst. Mäzene und Unterstützer des Malers Albert Berg (1825 – 1884)
-Frank Holl: Hinweis zum Beitrag von Irene Prüfer Leske in HiN, Bd. 22, Nr. 43 (2021)
Spring Issue
(2021)
Schulpraktika bilden die zentrale Grundlage der Lehrerbildung in Potsdam. Bereits im Potsdamer Modell der Lehrerbildung (1993) sind sie festgehalten, seit der Integration des Schulpraktikums (Praxissemesters) 2008 absolvieren alle Potsdamer Lehramtsstudierenden fünf Pflichtpraktika. Während die Ziele der Praktika klar beschrieben sind, sind die tatsächlichen Lernerfolge nicht immer klar – ebenso wenig, wie die Begleitung der Praktika aussehen muss, um die Studierenden bestmöglich zu unterstützen. Auch die Integration in weitere Lehrveranstaltungen des Studiums ist ein noch offenes Feld, das weiterer Betrachtung verdient. Die unterschiedliche Ausrichtung der Potsdamer Praktika, Perspektivwechsel im Orientierungs-/Integriertem Eingangspraktikum, Selbstreflektion im Praktikum in pädagogisch-psychologischen Handlungsfeldern, Unterricht als Profession in den Fachdidaktischen Tagespraktika, Anwendung von Diagnostik im psychodiagnostischen Praktikum und die Synthese all dessen im Schulpraktikum, bieten dafür zahlreiche Ansatzpunkte.
Schulpraktika sind nicht nur ein zentraler und von Studierenden hoch geschätzter Bestandteil des Studiums, sondern werden auch zunehmend für die Bildungsforschung interessant. Fragen nach der Kompetenzentwicklung, Selbsteinschätzungen und der Entwicklung der Reflexionsfähigkeit von Studierenden stehen dabei ebenso im Fokus wie die Einschätzung der universitären Begleitung und der Einbindung ins weitere Studium.
Der vorliegende Band versammelt Studien von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler der Universität Potsdam, die die fünf Pflichtpraktika im Lehramtsstudium unter unterschiedlichen Blickwinkel beforschen. Besonders hervorzuheben ist, dass die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen stammen und somit die Praktika mit verschiedenen Instrumenten und aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln betrachten. Die präsentierten Ergebnisse bilden eine gute Grundlage, um die Praktika in Potsdam und an anderen Standorten weiterzuentwickeln.
The inner region of the Milky Way halo harbors a large amount of dark matter (DM). Given its proximity, it is one of the most promising targets to look for DM. We report on a search for the annihilations of DM particles using gamma-ray observations towards the inner 300 pc of the Milky Way, with the H.E.S.S. array of ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. The analysis is based on a 2D maximum likelihood method using Galactic Center (GC) data accumulated by H.E.S.S. over the last 10 years (2004-2014), and does not show any significant gamma-ray signal above background. Assuming Einasto and Navarro-Frenk-White DM density profiles at the GC, we derive upper limits on the annihilation cross section <sigma nu >. These constraints are the strongest obtained so far in the TeV DM mass range and improve upon previous limits by a factor 5. For the Einasto profile, the constraints reach <sigma nu > values of 6 x 10(-26) cm(3) s(-1) in the W+W- channel for a DM particle mass of 1.5 TeV, and 2 x 10(-26) cm(3) s(-1) in the tau(+)tau(-) channel for a 1 TeV mass. For the first time, ground-based gamma-ray observations have reached sufficient sensitivity to probe <sigma nu > values expected from the thermal relic density for TeV DM particles.
MALDI-TOF-MS-based identification of monoclonal murine Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies within one hour
(2022)
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many virus-binding monoclonal antibodies have been developed for clinical and diagnostic purposes. This underlines the importance of antibodies as universal bioanalytical reagents. However, little attention is given to the reproducibility crisis that scientific studies are still facing to date. In a recent study, not even half of all research antibodies mentioned in publications could be identified at all. This should spark more efforts in the search for practical solutions for the traceability of antibodies. For this purpose, we used 35 monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 to demonstrate how sequence-independent antibody identification can be achieved by simple means applied to the protein. First, we examined the intact and light chain masses of the antibodies relative to the reference material NIST-mAb 8671. Already half of the antibodies could be identified based solely on these two parameters. In addition, we developed two complementary peptide mass fingerprinting methods with MALDI-TOF-MS that can be performed in 60 min and had a combined sequence coverage of over 80%. One method is based on the partial acidic hydrolysis of the protein by 5 mM of sulfuric acid at 99 degrees C. Furthermore, we established a fast way for a tryptic digest without an alkylation step. We were able to show that the distinction of clones is possible simply by a brief visual comparison of the mass spectra. In this work, two clones originating from the same immunization gave the same fingerprints. Later, a hybridoma sequencing confirmed the sequence identity of these sister clones. In order to automate the spectral comparison for larger libraries of antibodies, we developed the online software ABID 2.0. This open-source software determines the number of matching peptides in the fingerprint spectra. We propose that publications and other documents critically relying on monoclonal antibodies with unknown amino acid sequences should include at least one antibody fingerprint. By fingerprinting an antibody in question, its identity can be confirmed by comparison with a library spectrum at any time and context.