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Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (40) (remove)
Language
- English (40)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (40)
Keywords
- wheat (4)
- ISM: clouds (2)
- arable weeds (2)
- cereal leaf beetle (2)
- cosmic rays (2)
- crop production (2)
- ecosystem services (2)
- edge effect (2)
- fungal pathogens (2)
- gamma rays: general (2)
Read, Betsy A. ; Kegel, Jessica ; Klute, Mary J. ; Kuo, Alan ; Lefebvre, Stephane C. ; Maumus, Florian ; Mayer, Christoph ; Miller, John ; Monier, Adam ; Salamov, Asaf ; Young, Jeremy ; Aguilar, Maria ; Claverie, Jean-Michel ; Frickenhaus, Stephan ; Gonzalez, Karina ; Herman, Emily K. ; Lin, Yao-Cheng ; Napier, Johnathan ; Ogata, Hiroyuki ; Sarno, Analissa F. ; Shmutz, Jeremy ; Schroeder, Declan ; de Vargas, Colomban ; Verret, Frederic ; von Dassow, Peter ; Valentin, Klaus ; Van de Peer, Yves ; Wheeler, Glen ; Dacks, Joel B. ; Delwiche, Charles F. ; Dyhrman, Sonya T. ; Glöckner, Gernot ; John, Uwe ; Richards, Thomas ; Worden, Alexandra Z. ; Zhang, Xiaoyu ; Grigoriev, Igor V. ; Allen, Andrew E. ; Bidle, Kay ; Borodovsky, M. ; Bowler, C. ; Brownlee, Colin ; Cock, J. Mark ; Elias, Marek ; Gladyshev, Vadim N. ; Groth, Marco ; Guda, Chittibabu ; Hadaegh, Ahmad ; Iglesias-Rodriguez, Maria Debora ; Jenkins, J. ; Jones, Bethan M. ; Lawson, Tracy ; Leese, Florian ; Lindquist, Erika ; Lobanov, Alexei ; Lomsadze, Alexandre ; Malik, Shehre-Banoo ; Marsh, Mary E. ; Mackinder, Luke ; Mock, Thomas ; Müller-Röber, Bernd ; Pagarete, Antonio ; Parker, Micaela ; Probert, Ian ; Quesneville, Hadi ; Raines, Christine ; Rensing, Stefan A. ; Riano-Pachon, Diego Mauricio ; Richier, Sophie ; Rokitta, Sebastian ; Shiraiwa, Yoshihiro ; Soanes, Darren M. ; van der Giezen, Mark ; Wahlund, Thomas M. ; Williams, Bryony ; Wilson, Willie ; Wolfe, Gordon ; Wurch, Louie L.
Coccolithophores have influenced the global climate for over 200 million years(1). These marine phytoplankton can account for 20 per cent of total carbon fixation in some systems(2). They form blooms that can occupy hundreds of thousands of square kilometres and are distinguished by their elegantly sculpted calcium carbonate exoskeletons (coccoliths), rendering them visible from space(3). Although coccolithophores export carbon in the form of organic matter and calcite to the sea floor, they also release CO2 in the calcification process. Hence, they have a complex influence on the carbon cycle, driving either CO2 production or uptake, sequestration and export to the deep ocean(4). Here we report the first haptophyte reference genome, from the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi strain CCMP1516, and sequences from 13 additional isolates. Our analyses reveal a pan genome (core genes plus genes distributed variably between strains) probably supported by an atypical complement of repetitive sequence in the genome. Comparisons across strains demonstrate that E. huxleyi, which has long been considered a single species, harbours extensive genome variability reflected in different metabolic repertoires. Genome variability within this species complex seems to underpin its capacity both to thrive in habitats ranging from the equator to the subarctic and to form large-scale episodic blooms under a wide variety of environmental conditions.
role of subducted slabs
(2017)
Rubey, Michael ; Brune, Sascha ; Heine, Christian ; Davies, D. Rhodri ; Williams, Simon E. ; Müller, R. Dietmar
A Metabarcoding Analysis of the Mycobiome of Wheat Ears Across a Topographically Heterogeneous Field
(2019)
High-velocity clouds (HVCs) are interstellar clouds of atomic hydrogen that do not follow normal Galactic rotation and have velocities of a several hundred kilometres per second. A considerable number of these clouds are falling down towards the Galactic disc. HVCs form large and massive complexes, so if they collide with the disc a great amount of energy would be released into the interstellar medium. The cloud-disc interaction produces two shocks: one propagates through the cloud and the other through the disc. The properties of these shocks depend mainly on the cloud velocity and the disc-cloud density ratio. In this work, we study the conditions necessary for these shocks to accelerate particles by diffusive shock acceleration and we study the non-thermal radiation that is produced. We analyse particle acceleration in both the cloud and disc shocks. Solving a time-dependent two-dimensional transport equation for both relativistic electrons and protons, we obtain particle distributions and non-thermal spectral energy distributions. In a shocked cloud, significant synchrotron radio emission is produced along with soft gamma rays. In the case of acceleration in the shocked disc, the non-thermal radiation is stronger; the gamma rays, of leptonic origin, might be detectable with current instruments. A large number of protons are injected into the Galactic interstellar medium, and locally exceed the cosmic ray background. We conclude that under adequate conditions the contribution from HVC-disc collisions to the galactic population of relativistic particles and the associated extended non-thermal radiation might be important.
Blasig, Ingolf E. ; Winkler, Lars ; Lassowski, Birgit ; Müller, Sandra L. ; Zuleger, Nikolaj ; Krause, Eberhard ; Krause, Gerd ; Gast, Klaus ; Kolbe, Michael ; Piontek, Jörg
Tight junctions seal intercellular clefts via membrane-related strands, hence, maintaining important organ functions. We investigated the self-association of strand-forming transmembrane tight junction proteins. The regulatory tight junction protein occludin was differently tagged and cotransfected in eucaryotic cells. These occludins colocalized within the plasma membrane of the same cell, coprecipitated and exhibited fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Differently tagged strand-forming claudin-5 also colocalized in the plasma membrane of the same cell and showed fluorescence resonance energy transfer. This demonstrates self-association in intact cells both of occludin and claudin-5 in one plasma membrane. In search of dimerizing regions of occludin, dimerization of its cytosolic C-terminal coiled-coil domain was identified. In claudin-5, the second extracellular loop was detected as a dimer. Since the transmembrane junctional adhesion molecule also is known to dimerize, the assumption that homodimerization of transmembrane tight junction proteins may serve as a common structural feature in tight junction assembly is supported
Movements of tectonic plates often induce oblique deformation at divergent plate boundaries. This is in striking contrast with traditional conceptual models of rifting and rifted margin formation, which often assume 2-D deformation where the rift velocity is oriented perpendicular to the plate boundary. Here we quantify the validity of this assumption by analysing the kinematics of major continent-scale rift systems in a global plate tectonic reconstruction from the onset of Pangea breakup until the present day. We evaluate rift obliquity by joint examination of relative extension velocity and local rift trend using the script-based plate reconstruction software pyGPlates. Our results show that the global mean rift obliquity since 230 Ma amounts to 34 degrees with a standard deviation of 24 degrees, using the convention that the angle of obliquity is spanned by extension direction and rift trend normal. We find that more than similar to 70 % of all rift segments exceeded an obliquity of 20 degrees demonstrating that oblique rifting should be considered the rule, not the exception. In many cases, rift obliquity and extension velocity increase during rift evolution (e.g. Australia-Antarctica, Gulf of California, South Atlantic, India-Antarctica), which suggests an underlying geodynamic correlation via obliquity-dependent rift strength. Oblique rifting produces 3-D stress and strain fields that cannot be accounted for in simplified 2-D plane strain analysis. We therefore highlight the importance of 3-D approaches in modelling, surveying, and interpretation of most rift segments on Earth where oblique rifting is the dominant mode of deformation.
Feiner, Rebecca Christine ; Teschner, Julian ; Teschner, Kathrin E. ; Radukic, Marco T. ; Baumann, Tobias ; Hagen, Sven ; Hannappel, Yvonne ; Biere, Niklas ; Anselmetti, Dario ; Arndt, Katja Maren ; Müller, Kristian Mark
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) provide outstanding options for customization and superior capabilities for gene therapy. To access their full potential, facile genetic manipulation is pivotal, including capsid loop modifications. Therefore, we assessed capsid tolerance to modifications of the structural VP proteins in terms of stability and plasticity. Flexible glycine-serine linkers of increasing sizes were, at the genetic level, introduced into the 587 loop region of the VP proteins of serotype 2, the best studied AAV representative. Analyses of biological function and thermal stability with respect to genome release of viral particles revealed structural plasticity. In addition, insertion of the 29 kDa enzyme beta-lactamase into the loop region was tested with a complete or a mosaic modification setting. For the mosaic approach, investigation of VP2 trans expression revealed that a Kozak sequence was required to prevent leaky scanning. Surprisingly, even the full capsid modification with beta-lactamase allowed for the assembly of capsids with a concomitant increase in size. Enzyme activity assays revealed lactamase functionality for both rAAV variants, which demonstrates the structural robustness of this platform technology.
The extent of continental rifts and subduction zones through deep geological time provides insights into the mechanisms behind supercontinent cycles and the long term evolution of the mantle. However, previous compilations have stopped short of mapping the locations of rifts and subduction zones continuously since the Neoproterozoic and within a self-consistent plate kinematic framework. Using recently published plate models with continuously closing boundaries for the Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic, we estimate how rift and peri-continental subduction length vary from 1 Ga to present and test hypotheses pertaining to the supercontinent cycle and supercontinent breakup. We extract measures of continental perimeter-to-area ratio as a proxy for the existence of a supercontinent, where during times of supercontinent existence the perimeter-to-area ratio should be low, and during assembly and dispersal it should be high. The amalgamation of Gondwana is clearly represented by changes in the length of peri-continental subduction and the breakup of Rodinia and Pangea by changes in rift lengths. The assembly of Pangea is not clearly defined using plate boundary lengths, likely because its formation resulted from the collision of only two large continents. Instead the assembly of Gondwana (ca. 520 Ma) marks the most prominent change in arc length and perimeter-to-area ratio during the last billion years suggesting that Gondwana during the Early Palaeozoic could explicitly be considered part of a Phanerozoic supercontinent. Consequently, the traditional understanding of the supercontinent cycle, in terms of supercontinent existence for short periods of time before dispersal and re-accretion, may be inadequate to fully describe the cycle. Instead, either a two-stage supercontinent cycle could be a more appropriate concept, or alternatively the time period of 1 to 0 Ga has to be considered as being dominated by supercontinent existence, with brief periods of dispersal and amalgamation.
Müller, Katharina ; Foerstendorf, Harald ; Steudtner, Robin ; Tsushima, Satoru ; Kumke, Michael Uwe ; Lefèvre, Grégory ; Rothe, Jörg ; Mason, Harris ; Szabó, Zoltán ; Yang, Ping ; Adam, Christian K. R. ; André, Rémi ; Brennenstuhl, Katlen ; Chiorescu, Ion ; Cho, Herman M. ; Creff, Gaëlle ; Coppin, Frédéric ; Dardenne, Kathy ; Den Auwer, Christophe ; Drobot, Björn ; Eidner, Sascha ; Hess, Nancy J. ; Kaden, Peter ; Kremleva, Alena ; Kretzschmar, Jerome ; Krüger, Sven ; Platts, James A. ; Panak, Petra ; Polly, Robert ; Powell, Brian A. ; Rabung, Thomas ; Redon, Roland ; Reiller, Pascal E. ; Rösch, Notker ; Rossberg, André ; Scheinost, Andreas C. ; Schimmelpfennig, Bernd ; Schreckenbach, Georg ; Skerencak-Frech, Andrej ; Sladkov, Vladimir ; Solari, Pier Lorenzo ; Wang, Zheming ; Washton, Nancy M. ; Zhang, Xiaobin
A comprehensive molecular analysis of a simple aqueous complexing system. U(VI) acetate. selected to be independently investigated by various spectroscopic (vibrational, luminescence, X-ray absorption, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and quantum chemical methods was achieved by an international round-robin test (RRT). Twenty laboratories from six different countries with a focus on actinide or geochemical research participated and contributed to this scientific endeavor. The outcomes of this RRT were considered on two levels of complexity: first, within each technical discipline, conformities as well as discrepancies of the results and their sources were evaluated. The raw data from the different experimental approaches were found to be generally consistent. In particular, for complex setups such as accelerator-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the agreement between the raw data was high. By contrast, luminescence spectroscopic data turned out to be strongly related to the chosen acquisition parameters. Second, the potentials and limitations of coupling various spectroscopic and theoretical approaches for the comprehensive study of actinide molecular complexes were assessed. Previous spectroscopic data from the literature were revised and the benchmark data on the U(VI) acetate system provided an unambiguous molecular interpretation based on the correlation of spectroscopic and theoretical results. The multimethodologic approach and the conclusions drawn address not only important aspects of actinide spectroscopy but particularly general aspects of modern molecular analytical chemistry.
Bringmann, Gerhard ; Mutanyatta-Comar, Joan ; Maksimenka, Katja ; Wanjohi, John M. ; Heydenreich, Matthias ; Brun, Reto ; Müller, Werner E. G. ; Peter, Martin G. ; Midiwo, Jacob O. ; Yenesew, Abiy
From the roots of the African plant Bulbine frutescens (Asphodelaceae), two unprecedented novel dimeric phenylanthraquinones, named joziknipholones A and B, possessing axial and centrochirality, were isolated, together with six known compounds. Structural elucidation of the new metabolites was achieved by spectroscopic and chiroptical methods, by reductive cleavage of the central bond between the monomeric phenylanthraquinone and -anthrone portions with sodium dithionite, and by quantum chemical CD calculations. Based on the recently revised absolute axial configuration of the parent phenylanthraquinones, knipholone and knipholone anthrone, the new dimers were attributed to possess the P- configuration (i.e., with the acetyl portions below the anthraquinone plane) at both axes in the case of joziknipholone A, whereas in joziknipholone B, the knipholone part was found to be M-configured. Joziknipholones A and B are active against the chloroquine resistant strain K1 of the malaria pathogen, Plasmodium falciparum, and show moderate activity against murine leukemic lymphoma L5178y cells.