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Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe ; Bennett, David P. ; Fouqué, Pascal ; Williams, Andrew ; Dominik, Martin ; Jorgensen, Uffe Grae ; Kubas, Daniel ; Cassan, Arnaud ; Coutures, Christian ; Greenhill, John ; Hill, Kym ; Menzies, John ; Sackett, Penny D. ; Albrow, Michael D. ; Brillant, Stephane ; Caldwell, John A. R. ; Calitz, Johannes Jacobus ; Cook, Kem H. ; Corrales Cosmeli, Esperanza de Santa Cecilia ; Desort, Morgan ; Dieters, Stefan ; Dominis, Dijana ; Donatowicz, Jadzia ; Hoffman, Martie ; Kane, Stephen R. ; Marquette, Jean-Baptiste ; Martin, Ralph ; Meintjes, Pieter ; Pollard, Karen R. ; Sahu, Kailash C. ; Vinter, Christian ; Wambsganss, Joachim ; Woller, Kristian ; Horne, Keith ; Steele, Iain ; Bramich, Daniel M. ; Burgdorf, Martin ; Snodgrass, Colin ; Bode, Mike ; Udalski, Andr
In the favoured core-accretion model of formation of planetary systems, solid planetesimals accumulate to build up planetary cores, which then accrete nebular gas if they are sufficiently massive. Around M-dwarf stars ( the most common stars in our Galaxy), this model favours the formation of Earth-mass (M+) to Neptune-mass planets with orbital radii of 1 to 10 astronomical units (AU), which is consistent with the small number of gas giant planets known to orbit M-dwarf host stars(1-4). More than 170 extrasolar planets have been discovered with a wide range of masses and orbital periods, but planets of Neptune's mass or less have not hitherto been detected at separations of more than 0.15 AU from normal stars. Here we report the discovery of a 5.5(-2.7)(+5.5)M(+) planetary companion at a separation of 2.6(- 0.6)(+1.5) AU from a 0.22(-0.11)(+0.21)M(.) M-dwarf star, where M-. refers to a solar mass. (We propose to name it OGLE- 2005-BLG-390Lb, indicating a planetary mass companion to the lens star of the microlensing event.) The mass is lower than that of GJ876d (ref. 5), although the error bars overlap. Our detection suggests that such cool, sub-Neptune-mass planets may be more common than gas giant planets, as predicted by the core accretion theory.
Mientus, Lukas ; Klempin, Christiane ; Nowak, Anna ; Wyss, Corinne ; Aufschnaiter, Claudia von ; Faix, Ann-Christin ; te Poel, Kathrin ; Wahbe, Nadia ; Pieper, Martin ; Höller, Katharina ; Kallenbach, Lea ; Förster, Magdalena ; Redecker, Anke ; Dick, Mirjam ; Holle, Jörg ; Schneider, Edina ; Rehfeldt, Daniel ; Brauns, Sarah ; Abels, Simone ; Ferencik-Lehmkuhl, Daria ; Fränkel, Silvia ; Frohn, Julia ; Liebsch, Ann-Catherine ; Pech, Detlef ; Schreier, Pascal ; Jessen, Moiken ; Großmann, Uta ; Skintey, Lesya ; Voerkel, Paul ; Vaz Ferreira, Mergenfel A. ; Zimmermann, Jan-Simon ; Buddeberg, Magdalena ; Henke, Vanessa ; Hornberg, Sabine ; Völschow, Yvette ; Warrelmann, Julia-Nadine ; Malek, Jennifer ; Tinnefeld, Anja ; Schmidt, Peggy ; Bauer, Tobias ; Jänisch, Christopher ; Spitzer, Lisa ; Franken, Nadine ; Degeling, Maria ; Preisfeld, Angelika ; Meier, Jana ; Küth, Simon ; Scholl, Daniel ; Vogelsang, Christoph ; Watson, Christina ; Weißbach, Anna ; Kulgemeyer, Christoph ; Oetken, Mandy ; Gorski, Sebastian ; Kubsch, Marcus ; Sorge, Stefan ; Wulff, Peter ; Fellenz, Carolin D. ; Schnell, Susanne ; Larisch, Cathleen ; Kaiser, Franz ; Knott, Christina ; Reimer, Stefanie ; Stegmüller, Nathalie ; Boukrayâa Trabelsi, Kathrin ; Schißlbauer, Franziska ; Lemberger, Lukas ; Barth, Ulrike ; Wiehl, Angelika ; Rogge, Tim ; Böhnke, Anja ; Dietz, Dennis ; Großmann, Leroy ; Wienmeister, Annett ; Zoppke, Till ; Jiang, Lisa ; Grünbauer, Stephanie ; Ostersehlt, Dörte ; Peukert, Sophia ; Schäfer, Christoph ; Löbig, Anna ; Bröll, Leena ; Brandt, Birgit ; Breuer, Meike ; Dausend, Henriette ; Krelle, Michael ; Andersen, Gesine ; Falke, Sascha ; Kindermann-Güzel, Kristin ; Körner, Katrina ; Lottermoser, Lisa-Marie ; Pügner, Kati ; Sonnenburg, Nadine ; Akarsu, Selim ; Rechl, Friederike ; Gadinger, Laureen ; Heinze, Lena ; Wittmann, Eveline ; Franke, Manuela ; Lachmund, Anne-Marie ; Böttger, Julia ; Hannover, Bettina ; Behrendt, Renata ; Conty, Valentina ; Grundmann, Stephanie ; Ghassemi, Novid ; Opitz, Ben ; Brämer, Martin ; Gasparjan, David ; Sambanis, Michaela ; Köster, Hilde ; Lücke, Martin ; Nordmeier, Volkhard ; Schaal, Sonja ; Haberbosch, Maximilian ; Meissner, Maren ; Schaal, Steffen ; Brüchner, Melanie ; Riehle, Tamara ; Leopold, Bengta Marie ; Gerlach, Susanne ; Rau-Patschke, Sarah ; Skorsetz, Nina ; Weber, Nadine ; Damköhler, Jens ; Elsholz, Markus ; Trefzger, Thomas ; Lewek, Tobias ; Borowski, Andreas
Reflexion ist eine Schlüsselkategorie für die professionelle Entwicklung von Lehrkräften, welche als Ausbildungsziel in den Bildungsstandards für die Lehrkräftebildung verankert ist. Eine Verstetigung universitär geprägter Forschung und Modellierung in der praxisnahen Anwendung im schulischen Kontext bietet Potentiale nachhaltiger Professionalisierung. Die Stärkung reflexionsbezogener Kompetenzen durch Empirie und Anwendung scheint eine phasenübergreifende Herausforderung der Lehrkräftebildung zu sein, die es zu bewältigen gilt. Ziele des Tagungsbandes Reflexion in der Lehrkräftebildung sind eine theoretische Schärfung des Konzeptes „Reflexive Professionalisierung“ und der Austausch über Fragen der Einbettung wirksamer reflexionsbezogener Lerngelegenheiten in die Lehrkräftebildung. Forschende und Lehrende der‚ drei Phasen (Studium, Referendariat sowie Fort- und Weiterbildung) der Lehrkräftebildung stellen Lehrkonzepte und Forschungsprojekte zum Thema Reflexion in der Lehrkräftebildung vor und diskutieren diese. Gemeinsam mit Teilnehmenden aller Phasen und von verschiedenen Standorten der Lehrkräftebildung werden zukünftige Herausforderungen identifiziert und Lösungsansätze herausgearbeitet.
A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals
(2019)
Wuttke, Matthias ; Li, Yong ; Li, Man ; Sieber, Karsten B. ; Feitosa, Mary F. ; Gorski, Mathias ; Tin, Adrienne ; Wang, Lihua ; Chu, Audrey Y. ; Hoppmann, Anselm ; Kirsten, Holger ; Giri, Ayush ; Chai, Jin-Fang ; Sveinbjornsson, Gardar ; Tayo, Bamidele O. ; Nutile, Teresa ; Fuchsberger, Christian ; Marten, Jonathan ; Cocca, Massimiliano ; Ghasemi, Sahar ; Xu, Yizhe ; Horn, Katrin ; Noce, Damia ; Van der Most, Peter J. ; Sedaghat, Sanaz ; Yu, Zhi ; Akiyama, Masato ; Afaq, Saima ; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh ; Almgren, Peter ; Amin, Najaf ; Arnlov, Johan ; Bakker, Stephan J. L. ; Bansal, Nisha ; Baptista, Daniela ; Bergmann, Sven ; Biggs, Mary L. ; Biino, Ginevra ; Boehnke, Michael ; Boerwinkle, Eric ; Boissel, Mathilde ; Böttinger, Erwin ; Boutin, Thibaud S. ; Brenner, Hermann ; Brumat, Marco ; Burkhardt, Ralph ; Butterworth, Adam S. ; Campana, Eric ; Campbell, Archie ; Campbell, Harry ; Canouil, Mickael ; Carroll, Robert J. ; Catamo, Eulalia ; Chambers, John C. ; Chee, Miao-Ling ; Chee, Miao-Li ; Chen, Xu ; Cheng, Ching-Yu ; Cheng, Yurong ; Christensen, Kaare ; Cifkova, Renata ; Ciullo, Marina ; Concas, Maria Pina ; Cook, James P. ; Coresh, Josef ; Corre, Tanguy ; Sala, Cinzia Felicita ; Cusi, Daniele ; Danesh, John ; Daw, E. Warwick ; De Borst, Martin H. ; De Grandi, Alessandro ; De Mutsert, Renee ; De Vries, Aiko P. J. ; Degenhardt, Frauke ; Delgado, Graciela ; Demirkan, Ayse ; Di Angelantonio, Emanuele ; Dittrich, Katalin ; Divers, Jasmin ; Dorajoo, Rajkumar ; Eckardt, Kai-Uwe ; Ehret, Georg ; Elliott, Paul ; Endlich, Karlhans ; Evans, Michele K. ; Felix, Janine F. ; Foo, Valencia Hui Xian ; Franco, Oscar H. ; Franke, Andre ; Freedman, Barry I. ; Freitag-Wolf, Sandra ; Friedlander, Yechiel ; Froguel, Philippe ; Gansevoort, Ron T. ; Gao, He ; Gasparini, Paolo ; Gaziano, J. Michael ; Giedraitis, Vilmantas ; Gieger, Christian ; Girotto, Giorgia ; Giulianini, Franco ; Gogele, Martin ; Gordon, Scott D. ; Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Haller, Toomas ; Hamet, Pavel ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Hartman, Catharina A. ; Hayward, Caroline ; Hellwege, Jacklyn N. ; Heng, Chew-Kiat ; Hicks, Andrew A. ; Hofer, Edith ; Huang, Wei ; Hutri-Kahonen, Nina ; Hwang, Shih-Jen ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Indridason, Olafur S. ; Ingelsson, Erik ; Ising, Marcus ; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. ; Jakobsdottir, Johanna ; Jonas, Jost B. ; Joshi, Peter K. ; Josyula, Navya Shilpa ; Jung, Bettina ; Kahonen, Mika ; Kamatani, Yoichiro ; Kammerer, Candace M. ; Kanai, Masahiro ; Kastarinen, Mika ; Kerr, Shona M. ; Khor, Chiea-Chuen ; Kiess, Wieland ; Kleber, Marcus E. ; Koenig, Wolfgang ; Kooner, Jaspal S. ; Korner, Antje ; Kovacs, Peter ; Kraja, Aldi T. ; Krajcoviechova, Alena ; Kramer, Holly ; Kramer, Bernhard K. ; Kronenberg, Florian ; Kubo, Michiaki ; Kuhnel, Brigitte ; Kuokkanen, Mikko ; Kuusisto, Johanna ; La Bianca, Martina ; Laakso, Markku ; Lange, Leslie A. ; Langefeld, Carl D. ; Lee, Jeannette Jen-Mai ; Lehne, Benjamin ; Lehtimaki, Terho ; Lieb, Wolfgang ; Lim, Su-Chi ; Lind, Lars ; Lindgren, Cecilia M. ; Liu, Jun ; Liu, Jianjun ; Loeffler, Markus ; Loos, Ruth J. F. ; Lucae, Susanne ; Lukas, Mary Ann ; Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka ; Magi, Reedik ; Magnusson, Patrik K. E. ; Mahajan, Anubha ; Martin, Nicholas G. ; Martins, Jade ; Marz, Winfried ; Mascalzoni, Deborah ; Matsuda, Koichi ; Meisinger, Christa ; Meitinger, Thomas ; Melander, Olle ; Metspalu, Andres ; Mikaelsdottir, Evgenia K. ; Milaneschi, Yuri ; Miliku, Kozeta ; Mishra, Pashupati P. ; Program, V. A. Million Veteran ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; Mononen, Nina ; Montgomery, Grant W. ; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. ; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C. ; Nadkarni, Girish N. ; Nalls, Mike A. ; Nauck, Matthias ; Nikus, Kjell ; Ning, Boting ; Nolte, Ilja M. ; Noordam, Raymond ; Olafsson, Isleifur ; Oldehinkel, Albertine J. ; Orho-Melander, Marju ; Ouwehand, Willem H. ; Padmanabhan, Sandosh ; Palmer, Nicholette D. ; Palsson, Runolfur ; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. ; Perls, Thomas ; Perola, Markus ; Pirastu, Mario ; Pirastu, Nicola ; Pistis, Giorgio ; Podgornaia, Anna I. ; Polasek, Ozren ; Ponte, Belen ; Porteous, David J. ; Poulain, Tanja ; Pramstaller, Peter P. ; Preuss, Michael H. ; Prins, Bram P. ; Province, Michael A. ; Rabelink, Ton J. ; Raffield, Laura M. ; Raitakari, Olli T. ; Reilly, Dermot F. ; Rettig, Rainer ; Rheinberger, Myriam ; Rice, Kenneth M. ; Ridker, Paul M. ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Rizzi, Federica ; Roberts, David J. ; Robino, Antonietta ; Rossing, Peter ; Rudan, Igor ; Rueedi, Rico ; Ruggiero, Daniela ; Ryan, Kathleen A. ; Saba, Yasaman ; Sabanayagam, Charumathi ; Salomaa, Veikko ; Salvi, Erika ; Saum, Kai-Uwe ; Schmidt, Helena ; Schmidt, Reinhold ; Ben Schottker ; Schulz, Christina-Alexandra ; Schupf, Nicole ; Shaffer, Christian M. ; Shi, Yuan ; Smith, Albert V. ; Smith, Blair H. ; Soranzo, Nicole ; Spracklen, Cassandra N. ; Strauch, Konstantin ; Stringham, Heather M. ; Stumvoll, Michael ; Svensson, Per O. ; Szymczak, Silke ; Tai, E-Shyong ; Tajuddin, Salman M. ; Tan, Nicholas Y. Q. ; Taylor, Kent D. ; Teren, Andrej ; Tham, Yih-Chung ; Thiery, Joachim ; Thio, Chris H. L. ; Thomsen, Hauke ; Thorleifsson, Gudmar ; Toniolo, Daniela ; Tonjes, Anke ; Tremblay, Johanne ; Tzoulaki, Ioanna ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. ; Vaccargiu, Simona ; Van Dam, Rob M. ; Van der Harst, Pim ; Van Duijn, Cornelia M. ; Edward, Digna R. Velez ; Verweij, Niek ; Vogelezang, Suzanne ; Volker, Uwe ; Vollenweider, Peter ; Waeber, Gerard ; Waldenberger, Melanie ; Wallentin, Lars ; Wang, Ya Xing ; Wang, Chaolong ; Waterworth, Dawn M. ; Bin Wei, Wen ; White, Harvey ; Whitfield, John B. ; Wild, Sarah H. ; Wilson, James F. ; Wojczynski, Mary K. ; Wong, Charlene ; Wong, Tien-Yin ; Xu, Liang ; Yang, Qiong ; Yasuda, Masayuki ; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. ; Zhang, Weihua ; Zonderman, Alan B. ; Rotter, Jerome I. ; Bochud, Murielle ; Psaty, Bruce M. ; Vitart, Veronique ; Wilson, James G. ; Dehghan, Abbas ; Parsa, Afshin ; Chasman, Daniel I. ; Ho, Kevin ; Morris, Andrew P. ; Devuyst, Olivier ; Akilesh, Shreeram ; Pendergrass, Sarah A. ; Sim, Xueling ; Boger, Carsten A. ; Okada, Yukinori ; Edwards, Todd L. ; Snieder, Harold ; Stefansson, Kari ; Hung, Adriana M. ; Heid, Iris M. ; Scholz, Markus ; Teumer, Alexander ; Kottgen, Anna ; Pattaro, Cristian
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is responsible for a public health burden with multi-systemic complications. Through transancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and independent replication (n = 1,046,070), we identified 264 associated loci (166 new). Of these,147 were likely to be relevant for kidney function on the basis of associations with the alternative kidney function marker blood urea nitrogen (n = 416,178). Pathway and enrichment analyses, including mouse models with renal phenotypes, support the kidney as the main target organ. A genetic risk score for lower eGFR was associated with clinically diagnosed CKD in 452,264 independent individuals. Colocalization analyses of associations with eGFR among 783,978 European-ancestry individuals and gene expression across 46 human tissues, including tubulo-interstitial and glomerular kidney compartments, identified 17 genes differentially expressed in kidney. Fine-mapping highlighted missense driver variants in 11 genes and kidney-specific regulatory variants. These results provide a comprehensive priority list of molecular targets for translational research.
Pattyn, Frank ; Perichon, Laura ; Durand, Gael ; Favier, Lionel ; Gagliardini, Olivier ; Hindmarsh, Richard C. A. ; Zwinger, Thomas ; Albrecht, Torsten ; Cornford, Stephen ; Docquier, David ; Furst, Johannes J. ; Goldberg, Daniel ; Gudmundsson, Gudmundur Hilmar ; Humbert, Angelika ; Huetten, Moritz ; Huybrechts, Philippe ; Jouvet, Guillaume ; Kleiner, Thomas ; Larour, Eric ; Martin, Daniel ; Morlighem, Mathieu ; Payne, Anthony J. ; Pollard, David ; Rueckamp, Martin ; Rybak, Oleg ; Seroussi, Helene ; Thoma, Malte ; Wilkens, Nina
Predictions of marine ice-sheet behaviour require models able to simulate grounding-line migration. We present results of an intercomparison experiment for plan-view marine ice-sheet models. Verification is effected by comparison with approximate analytical solutions for flux across the grounding line using simplified geometrical configurations (no lateral variations, no buttressing effects from lateral drag). Perturbation experiments specifying spatial variation in basal sliding parameters permitted the evolution of curved grounding lines, generating buttressing effects. The experiments showed regions of compression and extensional flow across the grounding line, thereby invalidating the boundary layer theory. Steady-state grounding-line positions were found to be dependent on the level of physical model approximation. Resolving grounding lines requires inclusion of membrane stresses, a sufficiently small grid size (<500 m), or subgrid interpolation of the grounding line. The latter still requires nominal grid sizes of <5 km. For larger grid spacings, appropriate parameterizations for ice flux may be imposed at the grounding line, but the short-time transient behaviour is then incorrect and different from models that do not incorporate grounding-line parameterizations. The numerical error associated with predicting grounding-line motion can be reduced significantly below the errors associated with parameter ignorance and uncertainties in future scenarios.
Aarts, Alexander A. ; Anderson, Joanna E. ; Anderson, Christopher J. ; Attridge, Peter R. ; Attwood, Angela ; Axt, Jordan ; Babel, Molly ; Bahnik, Stepan ; Baranski, Erica ; Barnett-Cowan, Michael ; Bartmess, Elizabeth ; Beer, Jennifer ; Bell, Raoul ; Bentley, Heather ; Beyan, Leah ; Binion, Grace ; Borsboom, Denny ; Bosch, Annick ; Bosco, Frank A. ; Bowman, Sara D. ; Brandt, Mark J. ; Braswell, Erin ; Brohmer, Hilmar ; Brown, Benjamin T. ; Brown, Kristina ; Bruening, Jovita ; Calhoun-Sauls, Ann ; Callahan, Shannon P. ; Chagnon, Elizabeth ; Chandler, Jesse ; Chartier, Christopher R. ; Cheung, Felix ; Christopherson, Cody D. ; Cillessen, Linda ; Clay, Russ ; Cleary, Hayley ; Cloud, Mark D. ; Cohn, Michael ; Cohoon, Johanna ; Columbus, Simon ; Cordes, Andreas ; Costantini, Giulio ; Alvarez, Leslie D. Cramblet ; Cremata, Ed ; Crusius, Jan ; DeCoster, Jamie ; DeGaetano, Michelle A. ; Della Penna, Nicolas ; den Bezemer, Bobby ; Deserno, Marie K. ; Devitt, Olivia ; Dewitte, Laura ; Dobolyi, David G. ; Dodson, Geneva T. ; Donnellan, M. Brent ; Donohue, Ryan ; Dore, Rebecca A. ; Dorrough, Angela ; Dreber, Anna ; Dugas, Michelle ; Dunn, Elizabeth W. ; Easey, Kayleigh ; Eboigbe, Sylvia ; Eggleston, Casey ; Embley, Jo ; Epskamp, Sacha ; Errington, Timothy M. ; Estel, Vivien ; Farach, Frank J. ; Feather, Jenelle ; Fedor, Anna ; Fernandez-Castilla, Belen ; Fiedler, Susann ; Field, James G. ; Fitneva, Stanka A. ; Flagan, Taru ; Forest, Amanda L. ; Forsell, Eskil ; Foster, Joshua D. ; Frank, Michael C. ; Frazier, Rebecca S. ; Fuchs, Heather ; Gable, Philip ; Galak, Jeff ; Galliani, Elisa Maria ; Gampa, Anup ; Garcia, Sara ; Gazarian, Douglas ; Gilbert, Elizabeth ; Giner-Sorolla, Roger ; Glöckner, Andreas ; Göllner, Lars ; Goh, Jin X. ; Goldberg, Rebecca ; Goodbourn, Patrick T. ; Gordon-McKeon, Shauna ; Gorges, Bryan ; Gorges, Jessie ; Goss, Justin ; Graham, Jesse ; Grange, James A. ; Gray, Jeremy ; Hartgerink, Chris ; Hartshorne, Joshua ; Hasselman, Fred ; Hayes, Timothy ; Heikensten, Emma ; Henninger, Felix ; Hodsoll, John ; Holubar, Taylor ; Hoogendoorn, Gea ; Humphries, Denise J. ; Hung, Cathy O. -Y. ; Immelman, Nathali ; Irsik, Vanessa C. ; Jahn, Georg ; Jaekel, Frank ; Jekel, Marc ; Johannesson, Magnus ; Johnson, Larissa G. ; Johnson, David J. ; Johnson, Kate M. ; Johnston, William J. ; Jonas, Kai ; Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A. ; Kappes, Heather Barry ; Kelso, Kim ; Kidwell, Mallory C. ; Kim, Seung Kyung ; Kirkhart, Matthew ; Kleinberg, Bennett ; Knezevic, Goran ; Kolorz, Franziska Maria ; Kossakowski, Jolanda J. ; Krause, Robert Wilhelm ; Krijnen, Job ; Kuhlmann, Tim ; Kunkels, Yoram K. ; Kyc, Megan M. ; Lai, Calvin K. ; Laique, Aamir ; Lakens, Daniel ; Lane, Kristin A. ; Lassetter, Bethany ; Lazarevic, Ljiljana B. ; LeBel, Etienne P. ; Lee, Key Jung ; Lee, Minha ; Lemm, Kristi ; Levitan, Carmel A. ; Lewis, Melissa ; Lin, Lin ; Lin, Stephanie ; Lippold, Matthias ; Loureiro, Darren ; Luteijn, Ilse ; Mackinnon, Sean ; Mainard, Heather N. ; Marigold, Denise C. ; Martin, Daniel P. ; Martinez, Tylar ; Masicampo, E. J. ; Matacotta, Josh ; Mathur, Maya ; May, Michael ; Mechin, Nicole ; Mehta, Pranjal ; Meixner, Johannes ; Melinger, Alissa ; Miller, Jeremy K. ; Miller, Mallorie ; Moore, Katherine ; Möschl, Marcus ; Motyl, Matt ; Müller, Stephanie M. ; Munafo, Marcus ; Neijenhuijs, Koen I. ; Nervi, Taylor ; Nicolas, Gandalf ; Nilsonne, Gustav ; Nosek, Brian A. ; Nuijten, Michele B. ; Olsson, Catherine ; Osborne, Colleen ; Ostkamp, Lutz ; Pavel, Misha ; Penton-Voak, Ian S. ; Perna, Olivia ; Pernet, Cyril ; Perugini, Marco ; Pipitone, R. Nathan ; Pitts, Michael ; Plessow, Franziska ; Prenoveau, Jason M. ; Rahal, Rima-Maria ; Ratliff, Kate A. ; Reinhard, David ; Renkewitz, Frank ; Ricker, Ashley A. ; Rigney, Anastasia ; Rivers, Andrew M. ; Roebke, Mark ; Rutchick, Abraham M. ; Ryan, Robert S. ; Sahin, Onur ; Saide, Anondah ; Sandstrom, Gillian M. ; Santos, David ; Saxe, Rebecca ; Schlegelmilch, Rene ; Schmidt, Kathleen ; Scholz, Sabine ; Seibel, Larissa ; Selterman, Dylan Faulkner ; Shaki, Samuel ; Simpson, William B. ; Sinclair, H. Colleen ; Skorinko, Jeanine L. M. ; Slowik, Agnieszka ; Snyder, Joel S. ; Soderberg, Courtney ; Sonnleitner, Carina ; Spencer, Nick ; Spies, Jeffrey R. ; Steegen, Sara ; Stieger, Stefan ; Strohminger, Nina ; Sullivan, Gavin B. ; Talhelm, Thomas ; Tapia, Megan ; te Dorsthorst, Anniek ; Thomae, Manuela ; Thomas, Sarah L. ; Tio, Pia ; Traets, Frits ; Tsang, Steve ; Tuerlinckx, Francis ; Turchan, Paul ; Valasek, Milan ; Van Aert, Robbie ; van Assen, Marcel ; van Bork, Riet ; van de Ven, Mathijs ; van den Bergh, Don ; van der Hulst, Marije ; van Dooren, Roel ; van Doorn, Johnny ; van Renswoude, Daan R. ; van Rijn, Hedderik ; Vanpaemel, Wolf ; Echeverria, Alejandro Vasquez ; Vazquez, Melissa ; Velez, Natalia ; Vermue, Marieke ; Verschoor, Mark ; Vianello, Michelangelo ; Voracek, Martin ; Vuu, Gina ; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan ; Weerdmeester, Joanneke ; Welsh, Ashlee ; Westgate, Erin C. ; Wissink, Joeri ; Wood, Michael ; Woods, Andy ; Wright, Emily ; Wu, Sining ; Zeelenberg, Marcel ; Zuni, Kellylynn
Reproducibility is a defining feature of science, but the extent to which it characterizes current research is unknown. We conducted replications of 100 experimental and correlational studies published in three psychology journals using high-powered designs and original materials when available. Replication effects were half the magnitude of original effects, representing a substantial decline. Ninety-seven percent of original studies had statistically significant results. Thirty-six percent of replications had statistically significant results; 47% of original effect sizes were in the 95% confidence interval of the replication effect size; 39% of effects were subjectively rated to have replicated the original result; and if no bias in original results is assumed, combining original and replication results left 68% with statistically significant effects. Correlational tests suggest that replication success was better predicted by the strength of original evidence than by characteristics of the original and replication teams.
Abramowski, Attila ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Benkhali, Faical Ait ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan ; Backes, Michael ; Balenderan, Shangkari ; Balzer, Arnim ; Barnacka, Anna ; Becherini, Yvonne ; Tjus, Julia Becker ; Berge, David ; Bernhard, Sabrina ; Bernlöhr, Konrad ; Birsin, E. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Böttcher, Markus ; Boisson, Catherine ; Bolmont, J. ; Bordas, Pol ; Bregeon, Johan ; Brun, Francois ; Brun, Pierre ; Bryan, Mark ; Bulik, Tomasz ; Carrigan, Svenja ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Chadwick, Paula M. ; Chakraborty, Nachiketa ; Chalme-Calvet, R. ; Chaves, Ryan C. G. ; Chretien, M. ; Colafrancesco, Sergio ; Cologna, Gabriele ; Conrad, Jan ; Couturier, Claire ; Cui, Yudong ; Davids, Isak Delberth ; Degrange, Bernhard ; Deil, Christoph ; deWilt, P. ; Djannati-Ataï, A. ; Domainko, Wilfried ; Donath, Axel ; Dubus, G. ; Dutson, K. ; Dyks, J. ; Dyrda, M. ; Edwards, Tanya ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eger, Peter ; Espigat, P. ; Farnier, C. ; Fegan, Stephen ; Feinstein, Fabrice ; Fernandes, Milton Virgilio ; Fernandez, Diane ; Fiasson, A. ; Fontaine, Gerard ; Förster, Andreas ; Fuessling, M. ; Gabici, S. ; Gajdus, M. ; Gallant, Yves A. ; Garrigoux, Tania ; Giavitto, G. ; Giebels, Berrie ; Glicenstein, Jean-Francois ; Gottschall, Daniel ; Grondin, M. -H. ; Grudzinska, M. ; Hadasch, Daniela ; Haeffner, S. ; Hahn, Joachim ; Harris, Jonathan ; Heinzelmann, Götz ; Henri, G. ; Hermann, German ; Hervet, O. ; Hillert, Andreas ; Hinton, James Anthony ; Hofmann, Werner ; Hofverberg, Petter ; Holler, Markus ; Horns, Dieter ; Ivascenko, Alex ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Jahn, C. ; Jamrozy, Marek ; Janiak, M. ; Jankowsky, F. ; Jung-Richardt, I. ; Kastendieck, Max Anton ; Katarzynski, K. ; Katz, U. ; Kaufmann, S. ; Khelifi, B. ; Kieffer, Michel ; Klepser, S. ; Klochkov, Dmitry ; Kluzniak, W. ; Kolitzus, David ; Komin, Nu ; Kosack, Karl ; Krakau, Steffen ; Krayzel, F. ; Krueger, Pat P. ; Laffon, H. ; Lamanna, G. ; Lefaucheur, J. ; Lefranc, Valentin ; Lemiere, A. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Lohse, Thomas ; Lopatin, A. ; Lu, Chia-Chun ; Marandon, Vincent ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Marx, Ramin ; Maurin, G. ; Maxted, Nigel ; Mayer, Michael ; McComb, T. J. Lowry ; Mehault, J. ; Meintjes, P. J. ; Menzler, Ulf ; Meyer, M. ; Mitchell, Alison M. W. ; Moderski, R. ; Mohamed, M. ; Mora, K. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Murach, Thomas ; de Naurois, Mathieu ; Niemiec, J. ; Nolan, Sam J. ; Oakes, Louise ; Odaka, Hirokazu ; Ohm, S. ; Optiz, Björn ; Ostrowski, Michal ; Oya, I. ; Panter, Michael ; Parsons, R. Daniel ; Arribas, M. Paz ; Pekeur, Nikki W. ; Pelletier, G. ; Petrucci, P. -O. ; Peyaud, B. ; Pita, S. ; Poon, Helen ; Pühlhofer, Gerd ; Punch, M. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Raab, S. ; Reichardt, I. ; Reimer, Anita ; Reimer, Olaf ; Renaud, Metz ; de los Reyes, Raquel ; Rieger, Frank ; Romoli, C. ; Rosier-Lees, S. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. B. ; Sahakian, Vardan ; Salek, D. ; Sanchez, David M. ; Santangelo, Andrea ; Schlickeiser, Reinhard ; Schuessler, F. ; Schulz, A. ; Schwanke, Ullrich ; Schwarzburg, S. ; Schwemmer, S. ; Sol, H. ; Spanier, Felix ; Spengler, G. ; Spies, Franziska ; Stawarz, Lukasz ; Steenkamp, Riaan ; Stegmann, Christian ; Stinzing, F. ; Stycz, K. ; Sushch, Iurii ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Tavernier, T. ; Taylor, A. M. ; Terrier, R. ; Tluczykont, Martin ; Trichard, C. ; Valerius, K. ; van Eldik, C. ; van Soelen, B. ; Vasileiadis, Georges ; Veh, J. ; Venter, Christo ; Viana, Aion ; Vincent, P. ; Vink, Jacco ; Völk, Heinrich J. ; Volpe, Francesca ; Vorster, Martine ; Vuillaume, T. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Wagner, P. ; Wagner, R. M. ; Ward, Martin ; Weidinger, Matthias ; Weitzel, Quirin ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Willmann, P. ; Woernlein, A. ; Wouters, D. ; Yang, Ruizhi ; Zabalza, Victor ; Zaborov, Dmitry ; Zacharias, M. ; Zdziarski, A. A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zechlin, Hannes -S.
Allan, Eric ; Bossdorf, Oliver ; Dormann, Carsten F. ; Prati, Daniel ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Tscharntke, Teja ; Blüthgen, Nico ; Bellach, Michaela ; Birkhofer, Klaus ; Boch, Steffen ; Böhm, Stefan ; Börschig, Carmen ; Chatzinotas, Antonis ; Christ, Sabina ; Daniel, Rolf ; Diekötter, Tim ; Fischer, Christiane ; Friedl, Thomas ; Glaser, Karin ; Hallmann, Christine ; Hodac, Ladislav ; Hölzel, Norbert ; Jung, Kirsten ; Klein, Alexandra-Maria ; Klaus, Valentin H. ; Kleinebecker, Till ; Krauss, Jochen ; Lange, Markus ; Morris, E. Kathryn ; Müller, Jörg ; Nacke, Heiko ; Pasalic, Esther ; Rillig, Matthias C. ; Rothenwoehrer, Christoph ; Schally, Peter ; Scherber, Christoph ; Schulze, Waltraud X. ; Socher, Stephanie A. ; Steckel, Juliane ; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf ; Türke, Manfred ; Weiner, Christiane N. ; Werner, Michael ; Westphal, Catrin ; Wolters, Volkmar ; Wubet, Tesfaye ; Gockel, Sonja ; Gorke, Martin ; Hemp, Andreas ; Renner, Swen C. ; Schöning, Ingo ; Pfeiffer, Simone ; König-Ries, Birgitta ; Buscot, Francois ; Linsenmair, Karl Eduard ; Schulze, Ernst-Detlef ; Weisser, Wolfgang W. ; Fischer, Markus
Although temporal heterogeneity is a well-accepted driver of biodiversity, effects of interannual variation in land-use intensity (LUI) have not been addressed yet. Additionally, responses to land use can differ greatly among different organisms; therefore, overall effects of land-use on total local biodiversity are hardly known. To test for effects of LUI (quantified as the combined intensity of fertilization, grazing, and mowing) and interannual variation in LUI (SD in LUI across time), we introduce a unique measure of whole-ecosystem biodiversity, multidiversity. This synthesizes individual diversity measures across up to 49 taxonomic groups of plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria from 150 grasslands. Multidiversity declined with increasing LUI among grasslands, particularly for rarer species and aboveground organisms, whereas common species and belowground groups were less sensitive. However, a high level of interannual variation in LUI increased overall multidiversity at low LUI and was even more beneficial for rarer species because it slowed the rate at which the multidiversity of rare species declined with increasing LUI. In more intensively managed grasslands, the diversity of rarer species was, on average, 18% of the maximum diversity across all grasslands when LUI was static over time but increased to 31% of the maximum when LUI changed maximally over time. In addition to decreasing overall LUI, we suggest varying LUI across years as a complementary strategy to promote biodiversity conservation.
Dengler, Jürgen ; Wagner, Viktoria ; Dembicz, Iwona ; Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar ; Naqinezhad, Alireza ; Boch, Steffen ; Chiarucci, Alessandro ; Conradi, Timo ; Filibeck, Goffredo ; Guarino, Riccardo ; Janisova, Monika ; Steinbauer, Manuel J. ; Acic, Svetlana ; Acosta, Alicia T. R. ; Akasaka, Munemitsu ; Allers, Marc-Andre ; Apostolova, Iva ; Axmanova, Irena ; Bakan, Branko ; Baranova, Alina ; Bardy-Durchhalter, Manfred ; Bartha, Sandor ; Baumann, Esther ; Becker, Thomas ; Becker, Ute ; Belonovskaya, Elena ; Bengtsson, Karin ; Benito Alonso, Jose Luis ; Berastegi, Asun ; Bergamini, Ariel ; Bonini, Ilaria ; Bruun, Hans Henrik ; Budzhak, Vasyl ; Bueno, Alvaro ; Antonio Campos, Juan ; Cancellieri, Laura ; Carboni, Marta ; Chocarro, Cristina ; Conti, Luisa ; Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta ; De Frenne, Pieter ; Deak, Balazs ; Didukh, Yakiv P. ; Diekmann, Martin ; Dolnik, Christian ; Dupre, Cecilia ; Ecker, Klaus ; Ermakov, Nikolai ; Erschbamer, Brigitta ; Escudero, Adrian ; Etayo, Javier ; Fajmonova, Zuzana ; Felde, Vivian A. ; Fernandez Calzado, Maria Rosa ; Finckh, Manfred ; Fotiadis, Georgios ; Fracchiolla, Mariano ; Ganeva, Anna ; Garcia-Magro, Daniel ; Gavilan, Rosario G. ; Germany, Markus ; Giladi, Itamar ; Gillet, Francois ; Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro ; Gonzalez, Jose M. ; Grytnes, John-Arvid ; Hajek, Michal ; Hajkova, Petra ; Helm, Aveliina ; Herrera, Mercedes ; Hettenbergerova, Eva ; Hobohm, Carsten ; Huellbusch, Elisabeth M. ; Ingerpuu, Nele ; Jandt, Ute ; Jeltsch, Florian ; Jensen, Kai ; Jentsch, Anke ; Jeschke, Michael ; Jimenez-Alfaro, Borja ; Kacki, Zygmunt ; Kakinuma, Kaoru ; Kapfer, Jutta ; Kavgaci, Ali ; Kelemen, Andras ; Kiehl, Kathrin ; Koyama, Asuka ; Koyanagi, Tomoyo F. ; Kozub, Lukasz ; Kuzemko, Anna ; Kyrkjeeide, Magni Olsen ; Landi, Sara ; Langer, Nancy ; Lastrucci, Lorenzo ; Lazzaro, Lorenzo ; Lelli, Chiara ; Leps, Jan ; Loebel, Swantje ; Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L. ; Maccherini, Simona ; Magnes, Martin ; Malicki, Marek ; Marceno, Corrado ; Mardari, Constantin ; Mauchamp, Leslie ; May, Felix ; Michelsen, Ottar ; Mesa, Joaquin Molero ; Molnar, Zsolt ; Moysiyenko, Ivan Y. ; Nakaga, Yuko K. ; Natcheva, Rayna ; Noroozi, Jalil ; Pakeman, Robin J. ; Palpurina, Salza ; Partel, Meelis ; Paetsch, Ricarda ; Pauli, Harald ; Pedashenko, Hristo ; Peet, Robert K. ; Pielech, Remigiusz ; Pipenbaher, Natasa ; Pirini, Chrisoula ; Pleskova, Zuzana ; Polyakova, Mariya A. ; Prentice, Honor C. ; Reinecke, Jennifer ; Reitalu, Triin ; Pilar Rodriguez-Rojo, Maria ; Rolecek, Jan ; Ronkin, Vladimir ; Rosati, Leonardo ; Rosen, Ejvind ; Ruprecht, Eszter ; Rusina, Solvita ; Sabovljevic, Marko ; Maria Sanchez, Ana ; Savchenko, Galina ; Schuhmacher, Oliver ; Skornik, Sonja ; Sperandii, Marta Gaia ; Staniaszek-Kik, Monika ; Stevanovic-Dajic, Zora ; Stock, Marin ; Suchrow, Sigrid ; Sutcliffe, Laura M. E. ; Swacha, Grzegorz ; Sykes, Martin ; Szabo, Anna ; Talebi, Amir ; Tanase, Catalin ; Terzi, Massimo ; Tolgyesi, Csaba ; Torca, Marta ; Torok, Peter ; Tothmeresz, Bela ; Tsarevskaya, Nadezda ; Tsiripidis, Ioannis ; Tzonev, Rossen ; Ushimaru, Atushi ; Valko, Orsolya ; van der Maarel, Eddy ; Vanneste, Thomas ; Vashenyak, Iuliia ; Vassilev, Kiril ; Viciani, Daniele ; Villar, Luis ; Virtanen, Risto ; Kosic, Ivana Vitasovic ; Wang, Yun ; Weiser, Frank ; Went, Julia ; Wesche, Karsten ; White, Hannah ; Winkler, Manuela ; Zaniewski, Piotr T. ; Zhang, Hui ; Ziv, Yaron ; Znamenskiy, Sergey ; Biurrun, Idoia
GrassPlot is a collaborative vegetation-plot database organised by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and listed in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD ID EU-00-003). GrassPlot collects plot records (releves) from grasslands and other open habitats of the Palaearctic biogeographic realm. It focuses on precisely delimited plots of eight standard grain sizes (0.0001; 0.001;... 1,000 m(2)) and on nested-plot series with at least four different grain sizes. The usage of GrassPlot is regulated through Bylaws that intend to balance the interests of data contributors and data users. The current version (v. 1.00) contains data for approximately 170,000 plots of different sizes and 2,800 nested-plot series. The key components are richness data and metadata. However, most included datasets also encompass compositional data. About 14,000 plots have near-complete records of terricolous bryophytes and lichens in addition to vascular plants. At present, GrassPlot contains data from 36 countries throughout the Palaearctic, spread across elevational gradients and major grassland types. GrassPlot with its multi-scale and multi-taxon focus complements the larger international vegetationplot databases, such as the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and the global database " sPlot". Its main aim is to facilitate studies on the scale-and taxon-dependency of biodiversity patterns and drivers along macroecological gradients. GrassPlot is a dynamic database and will expand through new data collection coordinated by the elected Governing Board. We invite researchers with suitable data to join GrassPlot. Researchers with project ideas addressable with GrassPlot data are welcome to submit proposals to the Governing Board.
Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus ; Baeten, Lander ; Craven, Dylan ; De Frenne, Pieter ; Hedl, Radim ; Lenoir, Jonathan ; Bert, Didier ; Brunet, Jorg ; Chudomelova, Marketa ; Decocq, Guillaume ; Dierschke, Hartmut ; Dirnboeck, Thomas ; Dörfler, Inken ; Heinken, Thilo ; Hermy, Martin ; Hommel, Patrick ; Jaroszewicz, Bogdan ; Keczynski, Andrzej ; Kelly, Daniel L. ; Kirby, Keith J. ; Kopecky, Martin ; Macek, Martin ; Malis, Frantisek ; Mirtl, Michael ; Mitchell, Fraser J. G. ; Naaf, Tobias ; Newman, Miles ; Peterken, George ; Petrik, Petr ; Schmidt, Wolfgang ; Standovar, Tibor ; Toth, Zoltan ; Van Calster, Hans ; Verstraeten, Gorik ; Vladovic, Jozef ; Vild, Ondrej ; Wulf, Monika ; Verheyen, Kris
Global biodiversity is affected by numerous environmental drivers. Yet, the extent to which global environmental changes contribute to changes in local diversity is poorly understood. We investigated biodiversity changes in a meta-analysis of 39 resurvey studies in European temperate forests (3988 vegetation records in total, 17-75years between the two surveys) by assessing the importance of (i) coarse-resolution (i.e., among sites) vs. fine-resolution (i.e., within sites) environmental differences and (ii) changing environmental conditions between surveys. Our results clarify the mechanisms underlying the direction and magnitude of local-scale biodiversity changes. While not detecting any net local diversity loss, we observed considerable among-site variation, partly explained by temporal changes in light availability (a local driver) and density of large herbivores (a regional driver). Furthermore, strong evidence was found that presurvey levels of nitrogen deposition determined subsequent diversity changes. We conclude that models forecasting future biodiversity changes should consider coarse-resolution environmental changes, account for differences in baseline environmental conditions and for local changes in fine-resolution environmental conditions.
Moving in the Anthropocene
(2018)
Tucker, Marlee A. ; Boehning-Gaese, Katrin ; Fagan, William F. ; Fryxell, John M. ; Van Moorter, Bram ; Alberts, Susan C. ; Ali, Abdullahi H. ; Allen, Andrew M. ; Attias, Nina ; Avgar, Tal ; Bartlam-Brooks, Hattie ; Bayarbaatar, Buuveibaatar ; Belant, Jerrold L. ; Bertassoni, Alessandra ; Beyer, Dean ; Bidner, Laura ; van Beest, Floris M. ; Blake, Stephen ; Blaum, Niels ; Bracis, Chloe ; Brown, Danielle ; de Bruyn, P. J. Nico ; Cagnacci, Francesca ; Calabrese, Justin M. ; Camilo-Alves, Constanca ; Chamaille-Jammes, Simon ; Chiaradia, Andre ; Davidson, Sarah C. ; Dennis, Todd ; DeStefano, Stephen ; Diefenbach, Duane ; Douglas-Hamilton, Iain ; Fennessy, Julian ; Fichtel, Claudia ; Fiedler, Wolfgang ; Fischer, Christina ; Fischhoff, Ilya ; Fleming, Christen H. ; Ford, Adam T. ; Fritz, Susanne A. ; Gehr, Benedikt ; Goheen, Jacob R. ; Gurarie, Eliezer ; Hebblewhite, Mark ; Heurich, Marco ; Hewison, A. J. Mark ; Hof, Christian ; Hurme, Edward ; Isbell, Lynne A. ; Janssen, Rene ; Jeltsch, Florian ; Kaczensky, Petra ; Kane, Adam ; Kappeler, Peter M. ; Kauffman, Matthew ; Kays, Roland ; Kimuyu, Duncan ; Koch, Flavia ; Kranstauber, Bart ; LaPoint, Scott ; Leimgruber, Peter ; Linnell, John D. C. ; Lopez-Lopez, Pascual ; Markham, A. Catherine ; Mattisson, Jenny ; Medici, Emilia Patricia ; Mellone, Ugo ; Merrill, Evelyn ; Mourao, Guilherme de Miranda ; Morato, Ronaldo G. ; Morellet, Nicolas ; Morrison, Thomas A. ; Diaz-Munoz, Samuel L. ; Mysterud, Atle ; Nandintsetseg, Dejid ; Nathan, Ran ; Niamir, Aidin ; Odden, John ; Oliveira-Santos, Luiz Gustavo R. ; Olson, Kirk A. ; Patterson, Bruce D. ; de Paula, Rogerio Cunha ; Pedrotti, Luca ; Reineking, Bjorn ; Rimmler, Martin ; Rogers, Tracey L. ; Rolandsen, Christer Moe ; Rosenberry, Christopher S. ; Rubenstein, Daniel I. ; Safi, Kamran ; Said, Sonia ; Sapir, Nir ; Sawyer, Hall ; Schmidt, Niels Martin ; Selva, Nuria ; Sergiel, Agnieszka ; Shiilegdamba, Enkhtuvshin ; Silva, Joao Paulo ; Singh, Navinder ; Solberg, Erling J. ; Spiegel, Orr ; Strand, Olav ; Sundaresan, Siva ; Ullmann, Wiebke ; Voigt, Ulrich ; Wall, Jake ; Wattles, David ; Wikelski, Martin ; Wilmers, Christopher C. ; Wilson, John W. ; Wittemyer, George ; Zieba, Filip ; Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz ; Mueller, Thomas
Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of the anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, we found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in areas with a low human footprint. We attribute this reduction to behavioral changes of individual animals and to the exclusion of species with long-range movements from areas with higher human impact. Global loss of vagility alters a key ecological trait of animals that affects not only population persistence but also ecosystem processes such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, and disease transmission.
Hohrath, Daniel ; Gründel, Olaf ; Winnige, Norbert ; Sakaguchi, Shuhei ; Reimer, Torsten F. ; Winter, Martin ; Luh, Jürgen ; Voigtländer, Lutz ; Kleinehagenbrock, Frank ; Hohrath, Daniel ; Giebmeyer, Angela ; Just, Thomas ; Weigl, Andreas
Aus dem Inhalt: Ankündigungen - 4. Jahrestagung des AMG “Die besetzte res publica” in Halle 2001 - Mitgliederversammlung des AMG auf dem Historikertag in Aachen 2000 - Internationale Zitadellen-Tagung in Spandau 2001 Tagungsbericht - Militär und ländliche Gesellschaft in der Frühen Neuzeit. Ein Tagungsbericht (Daniel Hohrath) Interview - Interview mit Dr. Mathias Rogg. Werner-Hahlweg-Preisträger 2000 (Olaf Gründel) Projektberichte - Die Homepage des AMG und ihre Erweiterung (Norbert Winnige) - Ein Jahr in Deutschland. Ein Bericht (Shuhei Sakaguchi) - Der Dreißigjährige Krieg in München (Torsten F. Reimer) - Digitale Erschließung von Quellen zum preußischen Kantonsystem (Norbert Winnige, Martin Winter) - Ancien Régime Warfare and the Military Revolution - a Study (Jürgen Luh) - Das Rapportbuch der preußischen Füsilierkompanie des Freiherrn von Dörnberg 1803/1805 (Lutz Voigtländer) - Die Grafschaft Hohenlohe im Dreißigjährigen Krieg in der Nachkriegszeit (Frank Kleinehagenbrock) - Der Krieg der Fürsten und die Städte: Belagerungen im 18. Jahrhundert (Daniel Hohrath) - Gewerbe und Militär in der Garnison- und Festungsstadt Wesel im 18. Jahrhundert (Angela Giebmeyer) - Die Wiener Stadtguardia und der Dreißigjährige Krieg (Thomas Just, Andreas Weigl) Veröffentlichungen - Begründung einer Schriftenreihe des AMG - Veröffentlichungen des AMG
Simons, Nadja K. ; Lewinsohn, Thomas ; Bluethgen, Nico ; Buscot, Francois ; Boch, Steffen ; Daniel, Rolf ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Jung, Kirsten ; Kaiser, Kristin ; Müller, Jörg ; Prati, Daniel ; Renner, Swen C. ; Socher, Stephanie A. ; Sonnemann, Ilja ; Weiner, Christiane N. ; Werner, Michael ; Wubet, Tesfaye ; Wurst, Susanne ; Weisser, Wolfgang W.
Intensive land use is a major cause of biodiversity loss, but most studies comparing the response of multiple taxa rely on simple diversity measures while analyses of other community attributes are only recently gaining attention. Species-abundance distributions (SADs) are a community attribute that can be used to study changes in the overall abundance structure of species groups, and whether these changes are driven by abundant or rare species. We evaluated the effect of grassland management intensity for three land-use modes (fertilization, mowing, grazing) and their combination on species richness and SADs for three belowground (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, prokaryotes and insect larvae) and seven aboveground groups (vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens; arthropod herbivores; arthropod pollinators; bats and birds). Three descriptors of SADs were evaluated: general shape (abundance decay rate), proportion of rare species (rarity) and proportional abundance of the commonest species (dominance). Across groups, taxonomic richness was largely unaffected by land-use intensity and only decreased with increasing mowing intensity. Of the three SAD descriptors, abundance decay rate became steeper with increasing combined land-use intensity across groups. This reflected a decrease in rarity among plants, herbivores and vertebrates. Effects of fertilization on the three descriptors were similar to the combined land-use intensity effects. Mowing intensity only affected the SAD descriptors of insect larvae and vertebrates, while grazing intensity produced a range of effects on different descriptors in distinct groups. Overall, belowground groups had more even abundance distribtitions than aboveground groups. Strong differences among aboveground groups and between above- and belowground groups indicate that no single taxonomic group can serve as an indicator for effects in other groups. In the past, the use of SADs has been hampered by concerns over theoretical models underlying specific forms of SADs. Our study shows that SAD descriptors that are not connected to a particular model are suitable to assess the effect of land use on community structure.
Schall, Peter ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Heinrichs, Steffi ; Fischer, Markus ; Boch, Steffen ; Prati, Daniel ; Jung, Kirsten ; Baumgartner, Vanessa ; Blaser, Stefan ; Böhm, Stefan ; Buscot, Francois ; Daniel, Rolf ; Goldmann, Kezia ; Kaiser, Kristin ; Kahl, Tiemo ; Lange, Markus ; Müller, Jörg Hans ; Overmann, Jörg ; Renner, Swen C. ; Schulze, Ernst-Detlef ; Sikorski, Johannes ; Tschapka, Marco ; Türke, Manfred ; Weisser, Wolfgang W. ; Wemheuer, Bernd ; Wubet, Tesfaye ; Ammer, Christian
1. For managed temperate forests, conservationists and policymakers favour fine-grained uneven-aged (UEA) management over more traditional coarse-grained even-aged (EA) management, based on the assumption that within-stand habitat heterogeneity enhances biodiversity. There is, however, little empirical evidence to support this assumption. We investigated for the first time how differently grained forest management systems affect the biodiversity of multiple above- and below-ground taxa across spatial scales. 2. We sampled 15 taxa of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria within the largest contiguous beech forest landscape of Germany and classified them into functional groups. Selected forest stands have been managed for more than a century at different spatial grains. The EA (coarse-grained management) and UEA (fine-grained) forests are comparable in spatial arrangement, climate and soil conditions. These were compared to forests of a nearby national park that have been unmanaged for at least 20years. We used diversity accumulation curves to compare -diversity for Hill numbers D-0 (species richness), D-1 (Shannon diversity) and D-2 (Simpson diversity) between the management systems. Beta diversity was quantified as multiple-site dissimilarity. 3. Gamma diversity was higher in EA than in UEA forests for at least one of the three Hill numbers for six taxa (up to 77%), while eight showed no difference. Only bacteria showed the opposite pattern. Higher -diversity in EA forests was also found for forest specialists and saproxylic beetles. 4. Between-stand -diversity was higher in EA than in UEA forests for one-third (all species) and half (forest specialists) of all taxa, driven by environmental heterogeneity between age-classes, while -diversity showed no directional response across taxa or for forest specialists. 5. Synthesis and applications. Comparing EA and uneven-aged forest management in Central European beech forests, our results show that a mosaic of different age-classes is more important for regional biodiversity than high within-stand heterogeneity. We suggest reconsidering the current trend of replacing even-aged management in temperate forests. Instead, the variability of stages and stand structures should be increased to promote landscape-scale biodiversity.
Sellberg, Jonas A. ; McQueen, Trevor A. ; Laksmono, Hartawan ; Schreck, Simon ; Beye, Martin ; DePonte, Daniel P. ; Kennedy, Brian ; Nordlund, Dennis ; Sierra, Raymond G. ; Schlesinger, Daniel ; Tokushima, Takashi ; Zhovtobriukh, Iurii ; Eckert, Sebastian ; Segtnan, Vegard H. ; Ogasawara, Hirohito ; Kubicek, Katharina ; Techert, Simone ; Bergmann, Uwe ; Dakovski, Georgi L. ; Schlotter, William F. ; Harada, Yoshihisa ; Bogan, Michael J. ; Wernet, Philippe ; Föhlisch, Alexander ; Pettersson, Lars G. M. ; Nilsson, Anders
The structure of bulk liquid water was recently probed by x-ray scattering below the temperature limit of homogeneous nucleation (T-H) of similar to 232 K [J. A. Sellberg et al., Nature 510, 381-384 (2014)]. Here, we utilize a similar approach to study the structure of bulk liquid water below T-H using oxygen K-edge x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). Based on previous XES experiments [T. Tokushima et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 460, 387-400 (2008)] at higher temperatures, we expected the ratio of the 1b(1)' and 1b(1)" peaks associated with the lone-pair orbital in water to change strongly upon deep supercooling as the coordination of the hydrogen (H-) bonds becomes tetrahedral. In contrast, we observed only minor changes in the lone-pair spectral region, challenging an interpretation in terms of two interconverting species. A number of alternative hypotheses to explain the results are put forward and discussed. Although the spectra can be explained by various contributions from these hypotheses, we here emphasize the interpretation that the line shape of each component changes dramatically when approaching lower temperatures, where, in particular, the peak assigned to the proposed disordered component would become more symmetrical as vibrational interference becomes more important. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
Garcin, Yannick ; Junginger, Annett ; Melnick, Daniel ; Olago, Daniel O. ; Strecker, Manfred ; Trauth, Martin H.
The AlpArray seismic network
(2018)
Hetenyi, Gyorgy ; Molinari, Irene ; Clinton, John ; Bokelmann, Gotz ; Bondar, Istvan ; Crawford, Wayne C. ; Dessa, Jean-Xavier ; Doubre, Cecile ; Friederich, Wolfgang ; Fuchs, Florian ; Giardini, Domenico ; Graczer, Zoltan ; Handy, Mark R. ; Herak, Marijan ; Jia, Yan ; Kissling, Edi ; Kopp, Heidrun ; Korn, Michael ; Margheriti, Lucia ; Meier, Thomas ; Mucciarelli, Marco ; Paul, Anne ; Pesaresi, Damiano ; Piromallo, Claudia ; Plenefisch, Thomas ; Plomerova, Jaroslava ; Ritter, Joachim ; Rumpker, Georg ; Sipka, Vesna ; Spallarossa, Daniele ; Thomas, Christine ; Tilmann, Frederik ; Wassermann, Joachim ; Weber, Michael ; Weber, Zoltan ; Wesztergom, Viktor ; Zivcic, Mladen ; Abreu, Rafael ; Allegretti, Ivo ; Apoloner, Maria-Theresia ; Aubert, Coralie ; Besancon, Simon ; de Berc, Maxime Bes ; Brunel, Didier ; Capello, Marco ; Carman, Martina ; Cavaliere, Adriano ; Cheze, Jerome ; Chiarabba, Claudio ; Cougoulat, Glenn ; Cristiano, Luigia ; Czifra, Tibor ; Danesi, Stefania ; Daniel, Romuald ; Dannowski, Anke ; Dasovic, Iva ; Deschamps, Anne ; Egdorf, Sven ; Fiket, Tomislav ; Fischer, Kasper ; Funke, Sigward ; Govoni, Aladino ; Groschl, Gidera ; Heimers, Stefan ; Heit, Ben ; Herak, Davorka ; Huber, Johann ; Jaric, Dejan ; Jedlicka, Petr ; Jund, Helene ; Klingen, Stefan ; Klotz, Bernhard ; Kolinsky, Petr ; Kotek, Josef ; Kuhne, Lothar ; Kuk, Kreso ; Lange, Dietrich ; Loos, Jurgen ; Lovati, Sara ; Malengros, Deny ; Maron, Christophe ; Martin, Xavier ; Massa, Marco ; Mazzarini, Francesco ; Metral, Laurent ; Moretti, Milena ; Munzarova, Helena ; Nardi, Anna ; Pahor, Jurij ; Pequegnat, Catherine ; Petersen, Florian ; Piccinini, Davide ; Pondrelli, Silvia ; Prevolnik, Snjezan ; Racine, Roman ; Regnier, Marc ; Reiss, Miriam ; Salimbeni, Simone ; Santulin, Marco ; Scherer, Werner ; Schippkus, Sven ; Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef ; Solarino, Stefano ; Spieker, Kathrin ; Stipcevic, Josip ; Strollo, Angelo ; Sule, Balint ; Szanyi, Gyongyver ; Szucs, Eszter ; Thorwart, Martin ; Ueding, Stefan ; Vallocchia, Massimiliano ; Vecsey, Ludek ; Voigt, Rene ; Weidle, Christian ; Weyland, Gauthier ; Wiemer, Stefan ; Wolf, Felix ; Wolyniec, David ; Zieke, Thomas
The AlpArray programme is a multinational, European consortium to advance our understanding of orogenesis and its relationship to mantle dynamics, plate reorganizations, surface processes and seismic hazard in the Alps-Apennines-Carpathians-Dinarides orogenic system. The AlpArray Seismic Network has been deployed with contributions from 36 institutions from 11 countries to map physical properties of the lithosphere and asthenosphere in 3D and thus to obtain new, high-resolution geophysical images of structures from the surface down to the base of the mantle transition zone. With over 600 broadband stations operated for 2 years, this seismic experiment is one of the largest simultaneously operated seismological networks in the academic domain, employing hexagonal coverage with station spacing at less than 52 km. This dense and regularly spaced experiment is made possible by the coordinated coeval deployment of temporary stations from numerous national pools, including ocean-bottom seismometers, which were funded by different national agencies. They combine with permanent networks, which also required the cooperation of many different operators. Together these stations ultimately fill coverage gaps. Following a short overview of previous large-scale seismological experiments in the Alpine region, we here present the goals, construction, deployment, characteristics and data management of the AlpArray Seismic Network, which will provide data that is expected to be unprecedented in quality to image the complex Alpine mountains at depth.
Specialisation and diversity of multiple trophic groups are promoted by different forest features
(2019)
Penone, Caterina ; Allan, Eric ; Soliveres, Santiago ; Felipe-Lucia, Maria R. ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Seibold, Sebastian ; Simons, Nadja K. ; Schall, Peter ; van der Plas, Fons ; Manning, Peter ; Manzanedo, Ruben D. ; Boch, Steffen ; Prati, Daniel ; Ammer, Christian ; Bauhus, Juergen ; Buscot, Francois ; Ehbrecht, Martin ; Goldmann, Kezia ; Jung, Kirsten ; Mueller, Joerg ; Mueller, Joerg C. ; Pena, Rodica ; Polle, Andrea ; Renner, Swen C. ; Ruess, Liliane ; Schoenig, Ingo ; Schrumpf, Marion ; Solly, Emily F. ; Tschapka, Marco ; Weisser, Wolfgang W. ; Wubet, Tesfaye ; Fischer, Markus
While forest management strongly influences biodiversity, it remains unclear how the structural and compositional changes caused by management affect different community dimensions (e.g. richness, specialisation, abundance or completeness) and how this differs between taxa. We assessed the effects of nine forest features (representing stand structure, heterogeneity and tree composition) on thirteen above- and belowground trophic groups of plants, animals, fungi and bacteria in 150 temperate forest plots differing in their management type. Canopy cover decreased light resources, which increased community specialisation but reduced overall diversity and abundance. Features increasing resource types and diversifying microhabitats (admixing of oaks and conifers) were important and mostly affected richness. Belowground groups responded differently to those aboveground and had weaker responses to most forest features. Our results show that we need to consider forest features rather than broad management types and highlight the importance of considering several groups and community dimensions to better inform conservation.
Soliveres, Santiago ; van der Plas, Fons ; Manning, Peter ; Prati, Daniel ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Renner, Swen C. ; Alt, Fabian ; Arndt, Hartmut ; Baumgartner, Vanessa ; Binkenstein, Julia ; Birkhofer, Klaus ; Blaser, Stefan ; Blüthgen, Nico ; Boch, Steffen ; Böhm, Stefan ; Börschig, Carmen ; Buscot, Francois ; Diekötter, Tim ; Heinze, Johannes ; Hölzel, Norbert ; Jung, Kirsten ; Klaus, Valentin H. ; Kleinebecker, Till ; Klemmer, Sandra ; Krauss, Jochen ; Lange, Markus ; Morris, E. Kathryn ; Müller, Jörg ; Oelmann, Yvonne ; Overmann, Jörg ; Pasalic, Esther ; Rillig, Matthias C. ; Schaefer, H. Martin ; Schloter, Michael ; Schmitt, Barbara ; Schöning, Ingo ; Schrumpf, Marion ; Sikorski, Johannes ; Socher, Stephanie A. ; Solly, Emily F. ; Sonnemann, Ilja ; Sorkau, Elisabeth ; Steckel, Juliane ; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf ; Stempfhuber, Barbara ; Tschapka, Marco ; Türke, Manfred ; Venter, Paul C. ; Weiner, Christiane N. ; Weisser, Wolfgang W. ; Werner, Michael ; Westphal, Catrin ; Wilcke, Wolfgang ; Wolters, Volkmar ; Wubet, Tesfaye ; Wurst, Susanne ; Fischer, Markus ; Allan, Eric
Nonlinear optical response of photochromic azobenzene-functionalized self-assembled monolayers
(2015)
Schulze, Michael ; Utecht, Manuel Martin ; Moldt, Thomas ; Przyrembel, Daniel ; Gahl, Cornelius ; Weinelt, Martin ; Saalfrank, Peter ; Tegeder, Petra
The combination of photochromic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of azobenzene-functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) constitutes an intriguing step towards novel photonic and optoelectronic devices. By utilizing the second-order NLO process of second harmonic generation (SHG), supported by density-functional theory and correlated wave function method calculations, we demonstrate that the photochromic interface provides the necessary prerequisites en route towards possible future technical applications: we find a high NLO contrast on the order of 16% between the switching states. These are furthermore accessible reversibly and with high efficiencies in terms of cross sections on the order of 10−18 cm2 for both photoisomerization reactions, i.e., drivable by means of low-power LED light sources. Finally, both photostationary states (PSSs) are thermally stable at ambient conditions.
Nonlinear optical response of photochromic azobenzene-functionalized self-assembled monolayers
(2015)
Schulze, Michael ; Utecht, Manuel Martin ; Moldt, Thomas ; Przyrembel, Daniel ; Gahl, Cornelius ; Weinelt, Martin ; Saalfrank, Peter ; Tegeder, Petra
The combination of photochromic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of azobenzene-functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) constitutes an intriguing step towards novel photonic and optoelectronic devices. By utilizing the second-order NLO process of second harmonic generation (SHG), supported by density-functional theory and correlated wave function method calculations, we demonstrate that the photochromic interface provides the necessary prerequisites en route towards possible future technical applications: we find a high NLO contrast on the order of 16% between the switching states. These are furthermore accessible reversibly and with high efficiencies in terms of cross sections on the order of 10(-18) cm(2) for both photoisomerization reactions, i.e., drivable by means of low-power LED light sources. Finally, both photostationary states (PSSs) are thermally stable at ambient conditions.
Nonlinear optical response of photochromic azobenzene-functionalized self-assembled monolayers
(2015)
Schulze, Michael ; Utecht, Manuel Martin ; Moldt, Thomas ; Przyrembel, Daniel ; Gahl, Cornelius ; Weinelt, Martin ; Saalfrank, Peter ; Tegeder, Petra
The combination of photochromic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of azobenzene-functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) constitutes an intriguing step towards novel photonic and optoelectronic devices. By utilizing the second-order NLO process of second harmonic generation (SHG), supported by density-functional theory and correlated wave function method calculations, we demonstrate that the photochromic interface provides the necessary prerequisites en route towards possible future technical applications: we find a high NLO contrast on the order of 16% between the switching states. These are furthermore accessible reversibly and with high efficiencies in terms of cross sections on the order of 10−18 cm2 for both photoisomerization reactions, i.e., drivable by means of low-power LED light sources. Finally, both photostationary states (PSSs) are thermally stable at ambient conditions.
Fischer, Tomáš ; Hrubcova, Pavla ; Dahm, Torsten ; Woith, Heiko ; Vylita, Tomáš ; Ohrnberger, Matthias ; Vlček, Josef ; Horalek, Josef ; Dedecek, Petr ; Zimmer, Martin ; Lipus, Martin P. ; Pierdominici, Simona ; Kallmeyer, Jens ; Krüger, Frank ; Hannemann, Katrin ; Korn, Michael ; Kaempf, Horst ; Reinsch, Thomas ; Klicpera, Jakub ; Vollmer, Daniel ; Daskalopoulou, Kyriaki
The new in situ geodynamic laboratory established in the framework of the ICDP Eger project aims to develop the most modern, comprehensive, multiparameter laboratory at depth for studying earthquake swarms, crustal fluid flow, mantle-derived CO2 and helium degassing, and processes of the deep biosphere. In order to reach a new level of high-frequency, near-source and multiparameter observation of earthquake swarms and related phenomena, such a laboratory comprises a set of shallow boreholes with high-frequency 3-D seismic arrays as well as modern continuous real-time fluid monitoring at depth and the study of the deep biosphere.
This laboratory is located in the western part of the Eger Rift at the border of the Czech Republic and Germany (in the West Bohemia–Vogtland geodynamic region) and comprises a set of five boreholes around the seismoactive zone. To date, all monitoring boreholes have been drilled. This includes the seismic monitoring boreholes S1, S2 and S3 in the crystalline units north and east of the major Nový Kostel seismogenic zone, borehole F3 in the Hartoušov mofette field and borehole S4 in the newly discovered Bažina maar near Libá. Supplementary borehole P1 is being prepared in the Neualbenreuth maar for paleoclimate and biological research. At each of these sites, a borehole broadband seismometer will be installed, and sites S1, S2 and S3 will also host a 3-D seismic array composed of a vertical geophone chain and surface seismic array. Seismic instrumenting has been completed in the S1 borehole and is in preparation in the remaining four monitoring boreholes. The continuous fluid monitoring site of Hartoušov includes three boreholes, F1, F2 and F3, and a pilot monitoring phase is underway. The laboratory also enables one to analyze microbial activity at CO2 mofettes and maar structures in the context of changes in habitats. The drillings into the maar volcanoes contribute to a better understanding of the Quaternary paleoclimate and volcanic activity.
Fischer, Tomas ; Hrubcova, Pavla ; Dahm, Torsten ; Woith, Heiko ; Vylita, Tomas ; Ohrnberger, Matthias ; Vlcek, Josef ; Horalek, Josef ; Dedecek, Petr ; Zimmer, Martin ; Lipus, Martin P. ; Pierdominici, Simona ; Kallmeyer, Jens ; Krüger, Frank ; Hannemann, Katrin ; Korn, Michael ; Kämpf, Horst ; Reinsch, Thomas ; Klicpera, Jakub ; Vollmer, Daniel ; Daskalopoulou, Kyriaki
The new in situ geodynamic laboratory established in the framework of the ICDP Eger project aims to develop the most modern, comprehensive, multiparameter laboratory at depth for studying earthquake swarms, crustal fluid flow, mantle-derived CO2 and helium degassing, and processes of the deep biosphere. In order to reach a new level of high-frequency, near-source and multiparameter observation of earthquake swarms and related phenomena, such a laboratory comprises a set of shallow boreholes with high-frequency 3-D seismic arrays as well as modern continuous real-time fluid monitoring at depth and the study of the deep biosphere.
This laboratory is located in the western part of the Eger Rift at the border of the Czech Republic and Germany (in the West Bohemia-Vogtland geodynamic region) and comprises a set of five boreholes around the seismoactive zone. To date, all monitoring boreholes have been drilled. This includes the seismic monitoring boreholes S1, S2 and S3 in the crystalline units north and east of the major Novy Kostel seismogenic zone, borehole F3 in the Hartousov mofette field and borehole S4 in the newly discovered Bazina maar near Liba. Supplementary borehole P1 is being prepared in the Neualbenreuth maar for paleoclimate and biological research. At each of these sites, a borehole broadband seismometer will be installed, and sites S1, S2 and S3 will also host a 3-D seismic array composed of a vertical geophone chain and surface seismic array. Seismic instrumenting has been completed in the S1 borehole and is in preparation in the remaining four monitoring boreholes. The continuous fluid monitoring site of Hartousov includes three boreholes, F1, F2 and F3, and a pilot monitoring phase is underway. The laboratory also enables one to analyze microbial activity at CO2 mofettes and maar structures in the context of changes in habitats. The drillings into the maar volcanoes contribute to a better understanding of the Quaternary paleoclimate and volcanic activity.
Soliveres, Santiago ; Manning, Peter ; Prati, Daniel ; Gossner, Martin M. ; Alt, Fabian ; Arndt, Hartmut ; Baumgartner, Vanessa ; Binkenstein, Julia ; Birkhofer, Klaus ; Blaser, Stefan ; Bluethgen, Nico ; Boch, Steffen ; Boehm, Stefan ; Boerschig, Carmen ; Buscot, Francois ; Diekoetter, Tim ; Heinze, Johannes ; Hoelzel, Norbert ; Jung, Kirsten ; Klaus, Valentin H. ; Klein, Alexandra-Maria ; Kleinebecker, Till ; Klemmer, Sandra ; Krauss, Jochen ; Lange, Markus ; Morris, E. Kathryn ; Mueller, Joerg ; Oelmann, Yvonne ; Overmann, Jörg ; Pasalic, Esther ; Renner, Swen C. ; Rillig, Matthias C. ; Schaefer, H. Martin ; Schloter, Michael ; Schmitt, Barbara ; Schoening, Ingo ; Schrumpf, Marion ; Sikorski, Johannes ; Socher, Stephanie A. ; Solly, Emily F. ; Sonnemann, Ilja ; Sorkau, Elisabeth ; Steckel, Juliane ; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf ; Stempfhuber, Barbara ; Tschapka, Marco ; Tuerke, Manfred ; Venter, Paul ; Weiner, Christiane N. ; Weisser, Wolfgang W. ; Werner, Michael ; Westphal, Catrin ; Wilcke, Wolfgang ; Wolters, Volkmar ; Wubet, Tesfaye ; Wurst, Susanne ; Fischer, Markus ; Allan, Eric
Species diversity promotes the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, the relative functional importance of rare and common species in driving the biodiversity multifunctionality relationship remains unknown. We studied the relationship between the diversity of rare and common species (according to their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a land use intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above- and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species being associated with high levels of multifunctionality, probably because their effects on different functions did not trade off against each other. Conversely, common species were only related to average, not high, levels of multifunctionality, and their functional effects declined with LUI. Apart from the community level effects of diversity, we found significant positive associations between the abundance of individual species and multifunctionality in 6% of the species tested. Species specific functional effects were best predicted by their response to LUI: species that declined in abundance with land use intensification were those associated with higher levels of multifunctionality. Our results highlight the importance of rare species for ecosystem multifunctionality and help guiding future conservation priorities.
Introducing the CTA concept
(2013)
Acharya, B. S. ; Actis, M. ; Aghajani, T. ; Agnetta, G. ; Aguilar, J. ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Ajello, M. ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Alcubierre, M. ; Aleksic, J. ; Alfaro, R. ; Aliu, E. ; Allafort, A. J. ; Allan, D. ; Allekotte, I. ; Amato, E. ; Anderson, J. ; Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Aravantinos, A. ; Arlen, T. ; Armstrong, T. ; Arnaldi, H. ; Arrabito, L. ; Asano, K. ; Ashton, T. ; Asorey, H. G. ; Awane, Y. ; Baba, H. ; Babic, A. ; Baby, N. ; Baehr, J. ; Bais, A. ; Baixeras, C. ; Bajtlik, S. ; Balbo, M. ; Balis, D. ; Balkowski, C. ; Bamba, A. ; Bandiera, R. ; Barber, A. ; Barbier, C. ; Barcelo, M. ; Barnacka, Anna ; Barnstedt, Jürgen ; Barres de Almeida, U. ; Barrio, J. A. ; Basili, A. ; Basso, S. ; Bastieri, D. ; Bauer, C. ; Baushev, Anton N. ; Becerra Gonzalez, J. ; Becherini, Yvonne ; Bechtol, K. C. ; Tjus, J. Becker ; Beckmann, Volker ; Bednarek, W. ; Behera, B. ; Belluso, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berdugo, J. ; Berger, K. ; Bernard, F. ; Bernardino, T. ; Bernlöhr, K. ; Bhat, N. ; Bhattacharyya, S. ; Bigongiari, C. ; Biland, A. ; Billotta, S. ; Bird, T. ; Birsin, E. ; Bissaldi, E. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Bitossi, M. ; Blake, S. ; Blanch Bigas, O. ; Blasi, P. ; Bobkov, A. A. ; Boccone, V. ; Boettcher, Markus ; Bogacz, L. ; Bogart, J. ; Bogdan, M. ; Boisson, Catherine ; Boix Gargallo, J. ; Bolmont, J. ; Bonanno, G. ; Bonardi, A. ; Bonev, T. ; Bonifacio, P. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Bordas, Pol ; Borgland, A. W. ; Borkowski, Janett ; Bose, R. ; Botner, O. ; Bottani, A. ; Bouchet, L. ; Bourgeat, M. ; Boutonnet, C. ; Bouvier, A. ; Brau-Nogue, S. ; Braun, I. ; Bretz, T. ; Briggs, M. S. ; Bringmann, T. ; Brook, P. ; Brun, Pierre ; Brunetti, L. ; Buanes, T. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Buehler, R. ; Bugaev, V. ; Bulgarelli, A. ; Bulik, Tomasz ; Busetto, G. ; Buson, S. ; Byrum, K. ; Cailles, M. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Camprecios, J. ; Canestrari, R. ; Cantu, S. ; Capalbi, M. ; Caraveo, P. A. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Carr, John ; Carton, P. H. ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Casiraghi, M. ; Catalano, O. ; Cavazzani, S. ; Cazaux, S. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chabanne, E. ; Chadwick, Paula M. ; Champion, C. ; Chen, Andrew ; Chiang, J. ; Chiappetti, L. ; Chikawa, M. ; Chitnis, V. R. ; Chollet, F. ; Chudoba, J. ; Cieslar, M. ; Cillis, A. N. ; Cohen-Tanugi, J. ; Colafrancesco, Sergio ; Colin, P. ; Calome, J. ; Colonges, S. ; Compin, M. ; Conconi, P. ; Conforti, V. ; Connaughton, V. ; Conrad, Jan ; Contreras, J. L. ; Coppi, P. ; Corona, P. ; Corti, D. ; Cortina, J. ; Cossio, L. ; Costantini, H. ; Cotter, G. ; Courty, B. ; Couturier, S. ; Covino, S. ; Crimi, G. ; Criswell, S. J. ; Croston, J. ; Cusumano, G. ; Dafonseca, M. ; Dale, O. ; Daniel, M. ; Darling, J. ; Davids, I. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Caprio, V. ; De Frondat, F. ; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M. ; de la Calle, I. ; De La Vega, G. A. ; Lopez, R. de los Reyes ; De Lotto, B. ; De Luca, A. ; de Mello Neto, J. R. T. ; de Naurois, M. ; de Oliveira, Y. ; de Ona Wilhelmi, E. ; de Souza, V. ; Decerprit, G. ; Decock, G. ; Deil, C. ; Delagnes, E. ; Deleglise, G. ; Delgado, C. ; Della Volpe, D. ; Demange, P. ; Depaola, G. ; Dettlaff, A. ; Di Paola, A. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Diaz, C. ; Dick, J. ; Dickherber, R. ; Dickinson, H. ; Diez-Blanco, V. ; Digel, S. ; Dimitrov, D. ; Disset, G. ; Djannati-Ataï, A. ; Doert, M. ; Dohmke, M. ; Domainko, W. ; Prester, Dijana Dominis ; Donat, A. ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Dournaux, J-L. ; Drake, G. ; Dravins, D. ; Drury, L. ; Dubois, F. ; Dubois, R. ; Dubus, G. ; Dufour, C. ; Dumas, D. ; Dumm, J. ; Durand, D. ; Dyks, J. ; Dyrda, M. ; Ebr, J. ; Edy, E. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eger, P. ; Einecke, S. ; Eleftheriadis, C. ; Elles, S. ; Emmanoulopoulos, D. ; Engelhaupt, D. ; Enomoto, R. ; Ernenwein, J-P ; Errando, M. ; Etchegoyen, A. ; Evans, P. ; Falcone, A. ; Fantinel, D. ; Farakos, K. ; Farnier, C. ; Fasola, G. ; Favill, B. ; Fede, E. ; Federici, S. ; Fegan, S. ; Feinstein, F. ; Ferenc, D. ; Ferrando, P. ; Fesquet, M. ; Fiasson, A. ; Fillin-Martino, E. ; Fink, D. ; Finley, C. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fiorini, M. ; Firpo Curcoll, R. ; Flores, H. ; Florin, D. ; Focke, W. ; Foehr, C. ; Fokitis, E. ; Font, L. ; Fontaine, G. ; Fornasa, M. ; Foerster, A. ; Fortson, L. ; Fouque, N. ; Franckowiak, A. ; Fransson, C. ; Fraser, G. ; Frei, R. ; Albuquerque, I. F. M. ; Fresnillo, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Fujita, Y. ; Fukazawa, Y. ; Fukui, Y. ; Funk, S. ; Gaebele, W. ; Gabici, S. ; Gabriele, R. ; Gadola, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Gallant, Y. ; Gamez-Garcia, J. ; Garcia, B. ; Garcia Lopez, R. ; Gardiol, D. ; Garrido, D. ; Garrido, L. ; Gascon, D. ; Gaug, M. ; Gaweda, J. ; Gebremedhin, L. ; Geffroy, N. ; Gerard, L. ; Ghedina, A. ; Ghigo, M. ; Giannakaki, E. ; Gianotti, F. ; Giarrusso, S. ; Giavitto, G. ; Giebels, B. ; Gika, V. ; Giommi, P. ; Girard, N. ; Giro, E. ; Giuliani, A. ; Glanzman, T. ; Glicenstein, J. -F. ; Godinovic, N. ; Golev, V. ; Gomez Berisso, M. ; Gomez-Ortega, J. ; Gonzalez, M. M. ; Gonzalez, A. ; Gonzalez, F. ; Gonzalez Munoz, A. ; Gothe, K. S. ; Gougerot, M. ; Graciani, R. ; Grandi, P. ; Granena, F. ; Granot, J. ; Grasseau, G. ; Gredig, R. ; Green, A. ; Greenshaw, T. ; Gregoire, T. ; Grimm, O. ; Grube, J. ; Grudzinska, M. ; Gruev, V. ; Gruenewald, S. ; Grygorczuk, J. ; Guarino, V. ; Gunji, S. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hagiwara, R. ; Hahn, J. ; Hakansson, N. ; Hallgren, A. ; Hamer Heras, N. ; Hara, S. ; Hardcastle, M. J. ; Harris, J. ; Hassan, T. ; Hatanaka, K. ; Haubold, T. ; Haupt, A. ; Hayakawa, T. ; Hayashida, M. ; Heller, R. ; Henault, F. ; Henri, G. ; Hermann, G. ; Hermel, R. ; Herrero, A. ; Hidaka, N. ; Hinton, J. ; Hoffmann, D. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hofverberg, P. ; Holder, J. ; Horns, D. ; Horville, D. ; Houles, J. ; Hrabovsky, M. ; Hrupec, D. ; Huan, H. ; Huber, B. ; Huet, J. -M. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Huovelin, J. ; Ibarra, A. ; Illa, J. M. ; Impiombato, D. ; Incorvaia, S. ; Inoue, S. ; Inoue, Y. ; Ioka, K. ; Ismailova, E. ; Jablonski, C. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Jamrozy, M. ; Janiak, M. ; Jean, P. ; Jeanney, C. ; Jimenez, J. J. ; Jogler, T. ; Johnson, T. ; Journet, L. ; Juffroy, C. ; Jung, I. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kabuki, S. ; Kagaya, M. ; Kakuwa, J. ; Kalkuhl, C. ; Kankanyan, R. ; Karastergiou, A. ; Kaercher, K. ; Karczewski, M. ; Karkar, S. ; Kasperek, Aci. ; Kastana, D. ; Katagiri, H. ; Kataoka, J. ; Katarzynski, K. ; Katz, U. ; Kawanaka, N. ; Kellner-Leidel, B. ; Kelly, H. ; Kendziorra, E. ; Khelifi, B. ; Kieda, D. B. ; Kifune, T. ; Kihm, T. ; Kishimoto, T. ; Kitamoto, K. ; Kluzniak, W. ; Knapic, C. ; Knapp, J. w ; Knoedlseder, J. ; Koeck, F. ; Kocot, J. ; Kodani, K. ; Koehne, J. -H. ; Kohri, K. ; Kokkotas, K. ; Kolitzus, D. ; Komin, N. ; Kominis, I. ; Konno, Y. ; Koeppel, H. ; Korohoda, P. ; Kosack, K. ; Koss, G. ; Kossakowski, R. ; Kostka, P. ; Koul, R. ; Kowal, G. ; Koyama, S. ; Koziol, J. ; Kraehenbuehl, T. ; Krause, J. ; Krawzcynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Krepps, A. ; Kretzschmann, A. ; Krobot, R. ; Krueger, P. ; Kubo, H. ; Kudryavtsev, V. A. ; Kushida, J. ; Kuznetsov, A. ; La Barbera, A. ; La Palombara, N. ; La Parola, V. ; La Rosa, G. ; Lacombe, K. ; Lamanna, G. ; Lande, J. ; Languignon, D. ; Lapington, J. ; Laporte, P. ; Lavalley, C. ; Le Flour, T. ; Le Padellec, A. ; Lee, S. -H. ; Lee, W. H. ; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A. ; Lelas, D. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Leopold, D. J. ; Lerch, T. ; Lessio, L. ; Lieunard, B. ; Lindfors, E. ; Liolios, A. ; Lipniacka, A. ; Lockart, H. ; Lohse, T. ; Lombardi, S. ; Lopatin, A. ; Lopez, M. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lopez-Oramas, A. ; Lorca, A. ; Lorenz, E. ; Lubinski, P. ; Lucarelli, F. ; Luedecke, H. ; Ludwin, J. ; Luque-Escamilla, P. L. ; Lustermann, W. ; Luz, O. ; Lyard, E. ; Maccarone, M. C. ; Maccarone, T. J. ; Madejski, G. M. ; Madhavan, A. ; Mahabir, M. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; Malaguti, G. ; Maltezos, S. ; Manalaysay, A. ; Mancilla, A. ; Mandat, D. ; Maneva, G. ; Mangano, A. ; Manigot, P. ; Mannheim, K. ; Manthos, I. ; Maragos, N. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Mariotti, M. ; Marisaldi, M. ; Markoff, S. ; Marszalek, A. ; Martens, C. ; Marti, J. ; Martin, J-M. ; Martin, P. ; Martinez, G. ; Martinez, F. ; Martinez, M. ; Masserot, A. ; Mastichiadis, A. ; Mathieu, A. ; Matsumoto, H. ; Mattana, F. ; Mattiazzo, S. ; Maurin, G. ; Maxfield, S. ; Maya, J. ; Mazin, D. ; Mc Comb, L. ; McCubbin, N. ; McHardy, I. ; McKay, R. ; Medina, C. ; Melioli, C. ; Melkumyan, D. ; Mereghetti, S. ; Mertsch, P. ; Meucci, M. ; Michalowski, J. ; Micolon, P. ; Mihailidis, A. ; Mineo, T. ; Minuti, M. ; Mirabal, N. ; Mirabel, F. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Mizuno, T. ; Moal, B. ; Moderski, R. ; Mognet, I. ; Molinari, E. ; Molinaro, M. ; Montaruli, T. ; Monteiro, I. ; Moore, P. ; Moralejo Olaizola, A. ; Mordalska, M. ; Morello, C. ; Mori, K. ; Mottez, F. ; Moudden, Y. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Mrusek, I. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Munar-Adrover, P. ; Muraishi, H. ; Murase, K. ; Murphy, A. ; Nagataki, S. ; Naito, T. ; Nakajima, D. ; Nakamori, T. ; Nakayama, K. ; Naumann, C. L. ; Naumann, D. ; Naumann-Godo, M. ; Nayman, P. ; Nedbal, D. ; Neise, D. ; Nellen, L. ; Neustroev, V. ; Neyroud, N. ; Nicastro, L. ; Nicolau-Kuklinski, J. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Niemiec, J. ; Nieto, D. ; Nikolaidis, A. ; Nishijima, K. ; Nolan, S. ; Northrop, R. ; Nosek, D. ; Nowak, N. ; Nozato, A. ; O'Brien, P. ; Ohira, Y. ; Ohishi, M. ; Ohm, S. ; Ohoka, H. ; Okuda, T. ; Okumura, A. ; Olive, J. -F. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orito, R. ; Orr, M. ; Osborne, J. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Otero, L. A. ; Otte, N. ; Ovcharov, E. ; Oya, I. ; Ozieblo, A. ; Padilla, L. ; Paiano, S. ; Paillot, D. ; Paizis, A. ; Palanque, S. ; Palatka, M. ; Pallota, J. ; Panagiotidis, K. ; Panazol, J. -L. ; Paneque, D. ; Panter, M. ; Paoletti, R. ; Papayannis, Alexandros ; Papyan, G. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Pareschi, G. ; Parks, G. ; Parraud, J. -M. ; Parsons, D. ; Arribas, M. Paz ; Pech, M. ; Pedaletti, G. ; Pelassa, V. ; Pelat, D. ; Perez, M. D. C. ; Persic, M. ; Petrucci, P-O ; Peyaud, B. ; Pichel, A. ; Pita, S. ; Pizzolato, F. ; Platos, L. ; Platzer, R. ; Pogosyan, L. ; Pohl, M. ; Pojmanski, G. ; Ponz, J. D. ; Potter, W. ; Poutanen, J. ; Prandini, E. ; Prast, J. ; Preece, R. ; Profeti, F. ; Prokoph, H. ; Prouza, M. ; Proyetti, M. ; Puerto-Gimenez, I. ; Puehlhofer, G. ; Puljak, I. ; Punch, M. ; Pyziol, R. ; Quel, E. J. ; Quinn, J. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Racero, E. ; Rajda, P. J. ; Ramon, P. ; Rando, R. ; Rannot, R. C. ; Rataj, M. ; Raue, M. ; Reardon, P. ; Reimann, O. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Reitberger, K. ; Renaud, M. ; Renner, S. ; Reville, B. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Ribordy, M. ; Richer, M. G. ; Rico, J. ; Ridky, J. ; Rieger, F. ; Ringegni, P. ; Ripken, J. ; Ristori, P. R. ; Riviere, A. ; Rivoire, S. ; Rob, L. ; Roeser, U. ; Rohlfs, R. ; Rojas, G. ; Romano, Patrizia ; Romaszkan, W. ; Romero, G. E. ; Rosen, S. ; Lees, S. Rosier ; Ross, D. ; Rouaix, G. ; Rousselle, J. ; Rousselle, S. ; Rovero, A. C. ; Roy, F. ; Royer, S. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. ; Rupinski, M. ; Russo, F. ; Ryde, F. ; Sacco, B. ; Saemann, E. O. ; Saggion, A. ; Safiakian, V. ; Saito, K. ; Saito, T. ; Saito, Y. ; Sakaki, N. ; Sakonaka, R. ; Salini, A. ; Sanchez, F. ; Sanchez-Conde, M. ; Sandoval, A. ; Sandaker, H. ; Sant'Ambrogio, E. ; Santangelo, Andrea ; Santos, E. M. ; Sanuy, A. ; Sapozhnikov, L. ; Sarkar, S. ; Sartore, N. ; Sasaki, H. ; Satalecka, K. ; Sawada, M. ; Scalzotto, V. ; Scapin, V. ; Scarcioffolo, M. ; Schafer, J. ; Schanz, T. ; Schlenstedt, S. ; Schlickeiser, R. ; Schmidt, T. ; Schmoll, J. ; Schovanek, P. ; Schroedter, M. ; Schultz, C. ; Schultze, J. ; Schulz, A. ; Schure, K. ; Schwab, T. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwarz, J. ; Schwarzburg, S. ; Schweizer, T. ; Schwemmer, S. ; Segreto, A. ; Seiradakis, J. -H. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Seweryn, K. ; Sharma, M. ; Shayduk, M. ; Shellard, R. C. ; Shi, J. ; Shibata, T. ; Shibuya, A. ; Shum, E. ; Sidoli, L. ; Sidz, M. ; Sieiro, J. ; Sikora, M. ; Silk, J. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Singh, B. B. ; Sitarek, J. ; Skole, C. ; Smareglia, R. ; Smith, A. ; Smith, D. ; Smith, J. ; Smith, N. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Sol, H. ; Sottile, G. ; Sowinski, M. ; Spanier, F. ; Spiga, D. ; Spyrou, S. ; Stamatescu, V. ; Stamerra, A. ; Starling, R. ; Stawarz, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, Christian ; Steiner, S. ; Stergioulas, N. ; Sternberger, R. ; Sterzel, M. ; Stinzing, F. ; Stodulski, M. ; Straumann, U. ; Strazzeri, E. ; Stringhetti, L. ; Suarez, A. ; Suchenek, M. ; Sugawara, R. ; Sulanke, K. -H. ; Sun, S. ; Supanitsky, A. D. ; Suric, T. ; Sutcliffe, P. ; Sykes, J. ; Szanecki, M. ; Szepieniec, T. ; Szostek, A. ; Tagliaferri, G. ; Tajima, H. ; Takahashi, H. ; Takahashi, K. ; Takalo, L. ; Takami, H. ; Talbot, C. ; Tammi, J. ; Tanaka, M. ; Tanaka, S. ; Tasan, J. ; Tavani, M. ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Tejedor, L. A. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Temnikov, P. ; Tenzer, C. ; Terada, Y. ; Terrier, R. ; Teshima, M. ; Testa, V. ; Tezier, D. ; Thuermann, D. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tibolla, O. ; Tiengo, A. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Todero Peixoto, C. J. ; Tokanai, F. ; Tokarz, M. ; Toma, K. ; Torii, K. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Torres, D. F. ; Torres, M. ; Tosti, G. ; Totani, T. ; Toussenel, C. ; Tovmassian, G. ; Travnicek, P. ; Trifoglio, M. ; Troyano, I. ; Tsinganos, K. ; Ueno, H. ; Umehara, K. ; Upadhya, S. S. ; Usher, T. ; Uslenghi, M. ; Valdes-Galicia, J. F. ; Vallania, P. ; Vallejo, G. ; van Driel, W. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vandenbrouke, J. ; Vanderwalt, J. ; Vankov, H. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Vassiliev, V. ; Veberic, D. ; Vegas, I. ; Vercellone, S. ; Vergani, S. ; Veyssiere, C. ; Vialle, J. P. ; Viana, A. ; Videla, M. ; Vincent, P. ; Vincent, S. ; Vink, J. ; Vlahakis, N. ; Vlahos, L. ; Vogler, P. ; Vollhardt, A. ; von Gunten, H. P. ; Vorobiov, S. ; Vuerli, C. ; Waegebaert, V. ; Wagner, R. ; Wagner, R. G. ; Wagner, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Walter, R. ; Walther, T. ; Warda, K. ; Warwick, R. ; Wawer, P. ; Wawrzaszek, R. ; Webb, N. ; Wegner, P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weitzel, Q. ; Welsing, R. ; Werner, M. ; Wetteskind, H. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Wiesand, S. ; Wilkinson, M. ; Williams, D. A. ; Willingale, R. ; Winiarski, K. ; Wischnewski, R. ; Wisniewski, L. ; Wood, M. ; Woernlein, A. ; Xiong, Q. ; Yadav, K. K. ; Yamamoto, H. ; Yamamoto, T. ; Yamazaki, R. ; Yanagita, S. ; Yebras, J. M. ; Yelos, D. ; Yoshida, A. ; Yoshida, T. ; Yoshikoshi, T. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zajczyk, A. ; Zanin, R. ; Zdziarski, A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zhao, A. ; Zhou, X. ; Zietara, K. ; Ziolkowski, J. ; Ziolkowski, P. ; Zitelli, V. ; Zurbach, C. ; Zychowski, P.
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project.
Early maternal care may counteract familial liability for psychopathology in the reward circuitry
(2018)
Holz, Nathalie E. ; Boecker-Schlier, Regina ; Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine ; Hohm, Erika ; Buchmann, Arlette F. ; Blomeyer, Dorothea ; Baumeister, Sarah ; Plichta, Michael M. ; Esser, Günter ; Schmidt, Martin ; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas ; Banaschewski, Tobias ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Laucht, Manfred
Reward processing is altered in various psychopathologies and has been shown to be susceptible to genetic and environmental influences. Here, we examined whether maternal care may buffer familial risk for psychiatric disorders in terms of reward processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary incentive delay task was acquired in participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth (N = 172, 25 years). Early maternal stimulation was assessed during a standardized nursing/playing setting at the age of 3 months. Parental psychiatric disorders (familial risk) during childhood and the participants’ previous psychopathology were assessed by diagnostic interview. With high familial risk, higher maternal stimulation was related to increasing activation in the caudate head, the supplementary motor area, the cingulum and the middle frontal gyrus during reward anticipation, with the opposite pattern found in individuals with no familial risk. In contrast, higher maternal stimulation was associated with decreasing caudate head activity during reward delivery and reduced levels of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the high-risk group. Decreased caudate head activity during reward anticipation and increased activity during delivery were linked to ADHD. These findings provide evidence of a long-term association of early maternal stimulation on both adult neurobiological systems of reward underlying externalizing behavior and ADHD during development.
Association between pubertal stage at first drink and neural reward processing in early adulthood
(2017)
Boecker-Schlier, Regina ; Holz, Nathalie E. ; Hohm, Erika ; Zohsel, Katrin ; Blomeyer, Dorothea ; Buchmann, Arlette F. ; Baumeister, Sarah ; Wolf, Isabella ; Esser, Günter ; Schmidt, Martin H. ; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas ; Banaschewski, Tobias ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Laucht, Manfred
Puberty is a critical time period during human development. It is characterized by high levels of risk-taking behavior, such as increased alcohol consumption, and is accompanied by various neurobiological changes. Recent studies in animals and humans have revealed that the pubertal stage at first drink (PSFD) significantly impacts drinking behavior in adulthood. Moreover, neuronal alterations of the dopaminergic reward system have been associated with alcohol abuse or addiction. This study aimed to clarify the impact of PSFD on neuronal characteristics of reward processing linked to alcohol-related problems. One hundred sixty-eight healthy young adults from a prospective study covering 25 years participated in a monetary incentive delay task measured with simultaneous EEG-fMRI. PSFD was determined according to the age at menarche or Tanner stage of pubertal development, respectively. Alcohol-related problems in early adulthood were assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). During reward anticipation, decreased fMRI activation of the frontal cortex and increased preparatory EEG activity (contingent negative variation) occurred with pubertal compared to postpubertal first alcohol intake. Moreover, alcohol-related problems during early adulthood were increased in pubertal compared to postpubertal beginners, which was mediated by neuronal activation of the right medial frontal gyrus. At reward delivery, increased fMRI activation of the left caudate and higher feedback-related EEG negativity were detected in pubertal compared to postpubertal beginners. Together with animal findings, these results implicate PSFD as a potential modulator of psychopathology, involving altered reward anticipation. Both PSFD timing and reward processing might thus be potential targets for early prevention and intervention.
Hohm, Erika ; Zohsel, Katrin ; Schmidt, Martin H. ; Esser, Günter ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Banaschewski, Tobias ; Laucht, Manfred
Postpartale Depressionen sind häufige und schwerwiegende psychische Erkrankungen mit ungünstigem Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung. Als Haupttransmissionsweg gilt die frühe Mutter-Kind-Interaktion. Über die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter und die Rolle der Interaktion liegen kaum Ergebnisse vor. Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurden postpartale Depressionen bis zwei Jahre nach der Geburt erfasst. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde fortlaufend und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Alter von 3 Monaten standardisiert erhoben. 28 Kinder postpartal depressiver und 107 Kinder gesunder Mütter konnten mit 25 Jahren untersucht werden. Beeinträchtigungen der kognitiven und psychischen Entwicklung bei Kindern postpartal depressiver Mütter waren bis ins Erwachsenenalter nachweisbar. Responsives bzw. sensitives mütterliches Verhalten wirkte der negativen Entwicklung entgegen. Dies betont die Bedeutung einer hohen Qualität der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion für die Entwicklung von Risikokindern.
Die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Frühgeburtlichkeit auf kognitive Entwicklung und Schulerfolg
(2017)
Zohsel, Katrin ; Hohm, Erika ; Schmidt, Martin H. ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Banaschewski, Tobias ; Laucht, Manfred
In einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen früher Responsivität der Mutter und kognitiver Entwicklung ihrer früh- bzw. reifgeborenen Kinder untersucht. Im Alter von drei Monaten wurde dafür die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion mittels Verhaltensbeobachtung erfasst. Bei n=351 der teilnehmenden Kinder (101 frühgeboren) wurde die allgemeine Intelligenz (IQ) im Alter von 11 Jahren und bei n=313 (85 frühgeboren) zusätzlich der höchste erreichte Schulabschluss bis 25 Jahren erhoben. Frühgeborene wiesen mit 11 Jahren einen signifikant niedrigeren IQ als Reifgeborene auf, nachdem für mögliche konfundierende Faktoren kontrolliert worden war. Nur bei Früh-, nicht aber bei Reifgeborenen zeigte sich ein signifikanter positiver Zusammenhang zwischen mütterlicher Responsivität und IQ. Für die Wahrscheinlichkeit einen höheren Schulabschluss (mind. Fachabitur) zu erreichen, fand sich weder ein signifikanter Effekt von Frühgeburtlichkeit noch von mütterlicher Responsivität.
Hohm, Erika ; Laucht, Manfred ; Zohsel, Katrin ; Schmidt, Martin H. ; Esser, Günter ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Banaschewski, Tobias
Anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, die sich mit der langfristigen Entwicklung von Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Risikobelastungen beschäftigt, wird gezeigt, wie Schutzfaktoren aufseiten des Kindes und seines familiären Umfelds im Verlauf der Entwicklung wirksam werden und zur Entstehung von Resilienz beitragen können. Eine besondere Rolle kommt dabei positiven frühen Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen zu (sowohl Mutter- als auch Vater-Kind-Interaktionen). Daneben spielen auch Interaktionserfahrungen im Alter von zwei Jahren des Kindes eine bedeutsame Rolle; diese schützen Risikokinder davor, eine ungünstige Entwicklung zu nehmen und tragen dazu bei, dass sich Kinder, die in psychosozialen Hochrisikofamilien aufwachsen, trotz ungünstiger „Startbedingungen“ positiv entwickeln. Neben Merkmalen der sozialen Umwelt nehmen auch sprachliche, sozial-emotionale und internale Kompetenzen des Kindes im Entwicklungsverlauf eine wichtige Rolle ein. Diese Kompetenzen ermöglichen es Risikokindern auch unter widrigen Lebensumständen (psychosoziale Hochrisikofamilien, Aufwachsen in Armutsverhältnissen) erfolgreich zu bestehen. Darüber hinaus zeigt die Arbeit, dass Resilienz ein Persönlichkeitsmerkmal ist, das ab dem frühen Erwachsenenalter eine hohe Stabilität besitzt. Mit diesen Befunden verweist die Arbeit auf die große Bedeutung der Resilienz bei der Vorhersage der langfristigen Entwicklung von Risikokindern.
Hohm, Erika ; Zohsel, Katrin ; Schmidt, Martin H. ; Esser, Günter ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Banaschewski, Tobias ; Laucht, Manfred
Postpartale Depressionen sind häufige und schwerwiegende psychische Erkrankungen mit ungünstigem Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung. Als Haupttransmissionsweg gilt die frühe Mutter-Kind-Interaktion. Über die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter und die Rolle der Interaktion liegen kaum Ergebnisse vor. Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurden postpartale Depressionen bis zwei Jahre nach der Geburt erfasst. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde fortlaufend und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Alter von 3 Monaten standardisiert erhoben. 28 Kinder postpartal depressiver und 107 Kinder gesunder Mütter konnten mit 25 Jahren untersucht werden. Beeinträchtigungen der kognitiven und psychischen Entwicklung bei Kindern postpartal depressiver Mütter waren bis ins Erwachsenenalter nachweisbar. Responsives bzw. sensitives mütterliches Verhalten wirkte der negativen Entwicklung entgegen. Dies betont die Bedeutung einer hohen Qualität der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion für die Entwicklung von Risikokindern.
Zohsel, Katrin ; Hohm, Erika ; Schmidt, Martin H. ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Banaschewski, Tobias ; Laucht, Manfred
In einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurden Auswirkungen früher psychosozialer Risiken bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter untersucht und dabei die Rolle von affektiver und behavioraler Dysregulation im Kindesalter als vermittelndem Faktor überprüft. Drei Monate nach der Geburt wurde das Vorliegen von 11 psychosozialen Belastungsfaktoren erfasst. Im Alter von 8 – 15 Jahren wurde dreimal das Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulationsprofil (CBCL-DP) erhoben. Mit 25 Jahren wurde ein Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview durchgeführt und 309 der Teilnehmer füllten den Young Adult Self-Report aus. Frühe psychosoziale Risiken gingen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für das Vorliegen eines Substanzmissbrauchs im jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie mit erhöhtem externalisierendem und internalisierendem Problemverhalten einher. Der Zusammenhang zwischen frühen psychosozialen Risiken und späterem externalisierendem bzw. internalisierendem Problemverhalten wurde durch das CBCL-DP vermittelt.
Hohm, Erika ; Laucht, Manfred ; Zohsel, Katrin ; Schmidt, Martin H. ; Esser, Günter ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Banaschewski, Tobias
Anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, die sich mit der langfristigen Entwicklung von Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Risikobelastungen beschäftigt, wird gezeigt, wie Schutzfaktoren aufseiten des Kindes und seines familiären Umfelds im Verlauf der Entwicklung wirksam werden und zur Entstehung von Resilienz beitragen können. Eine besondere Rolle kommt dabei positiven frühen Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen zu (sowohl Mutter- als auch Vater-Kind-Interaktionen). Daneben spielen auch Interaktionserfahrungen im Alter von zwei Jahren des Kindes eine bedeutsame Rolle; diese schützen Risikokinder davor, eine ungünstige Entwicklung zu nehmen und tragen dazu bei, dass sich Kinder, die in psychosozialen Hochrisikofamilien aufwachsen, trotz ungünstiger „Startbedingungen“ positiv entwickeln. Neben Merkmalen der sozialen Umwelt nehmen auch sprachliche, sozial-emotionale und internale Kompetenzen des Kindes im Entwicklungsverlauf eine wichtige Rolle ein. Diese Kompetenzen ermöglichen es Risikokindern auch unter widrigen Lebensumständen (psychosoziale Hochrisikofamilien, Aufwachsen in Armutsverhältnissen) erfolgreich zu bestehen. Darüber hinaus zeigt die Arbeit, dass Resilienz ein Persönlichkeitsmerkmal ist, das ab dem frühen Erwachsenenalter eine hohe Stabilität besitzt. Mit diesen Befunden verweist die Arbeit auf die große Bedeutung der Resilienz bei der Vorhersage der langfristigen Entwicklung von Risikokindern.
Die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Frühgeburtlichkeit auf kognitive Entwicklung und Schulerfolg
(2017)
Zohsel, Katrin ; Hohm, Erika ; Schmidt, Martin H. ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Banaschewski, Tobias ; Laucht, Manfred
In einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen früher Responsivität der Mutter und kognitiver Entwicklung ihrer früh- bzw. reifgeborenen Kinder untersucht. Im Alter von drei Monaten wurde dafür die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion mittels Verhaltensbeobachtung erfasst. Bei n=351 der teilnehmenden Kinder (101 frühgeboren) wurde die allgemeine Intelligenz (IQ) im Alter von 11 Jahren und bei n=313 (85 frühgeboren) zusätzlich der höchste erreichte Schulabschluss bis 25 Jahren erhoben. Frühgeborene wiesen mit 11 Jahren einen signifikant niedrigeren IQ als Reifgeborene auf, nachdem für mögliche konfundierende Faktoren kontrolliert worden war. Nur bei Früh-, nicht aber bei Reifgeborenen zeigte sich ein signifikanter positiver Zusammenhang zwischen mütterlicher Responsivität und IQ. Für die Wahrscheinlichkeit einen höheren Schulabschluss (mind. Fachabitur) zu erreichen, fand sich weder ein signifikanter Effekt von Frühgeburtlichkeit noch von mütterlicher Responsivität.
Hsu, Hsiang-Wen ; Schmidt, Jürgen ; Kempf, Sascha ; Postberg, Frank ; Moragas-Klostermeyer, Georg ; Seiss, Martin ; Hoffmann, Holger ; Burton, Marcia ; Ye, ShengYi ; Kurth, William S. ; Horanyi, Mihaly ; Khawaja, Nozair ; Spahn, Frank ; Schirdewahn, Daniel ; Moore, Luke ; Cuzzi, Jeff ; Jones, Geraint H. ; Srama, Ralf
Saturn’s main rings are composed of >95% water ice, and the nature of the remaining few percent has remained unclear. The Cassini spacecraft’s traversals between Saturn and its innermost D ring allowed its cosmic dust analyzer (CDA) to collect material released from the main rings and to characterize the ring material infall into Saturn. We report the direct in situ detection of material from Saturn’s dense rings by the CDA impact mass spectrometer. Most detected grains are a few tens of nanometers in size and dynamically associated with the previously inferred “ring rain.” Silicate and water-ice grains were identified, in proportions that vary with latitude. Silicate grains constitute up to 30% of infalling grains, a higher percentage than the bulk silicate content of the rings.
Computational methods for the design of effective therapies against drug resistant HIV strains
(2005)
Beerenwinkel, Niko ; Sing, Tobias ; Lengauer, Thomas ; Rahnenfuhrer, Joerg ; Roomp, Kirsten ; Savenkov, Igor ; Fischer, Roman ; Hoffmann, Daniel ; Selbig, Joachim ; Korn, Klaus ; Walter, Hauke ; Berg, Thomas ; Braun, Patrick ; Faetkenheuer, Gerd ; Oette, Mark ; Rockstroh, Juergen ; Kupfer, Bernd ; Kaiser, Rolf ; Daeumer, Martin
The development of drug resistance is a major obstacle to successful treatment of HIV infection. The extraordinary replication dynamics of HIV facilitates its escape from selective pressure exerted by the human immune system and by combination drug therapy. We have developed several computational methods whose combined use can support the design of optimal antiretroviral therapies based on viral genomic data
Kubas, Daniel ; Cassan, A. ; Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe ; Coutures, C. ; Dominik, M. ; Albrow, Michael D. ; Brillant, Stephane ; Caldwell, John A. R. ; Dominis, Dijana ; Donatowicz, J. ; Fendt, Christian ; Fouque, P. ; Jorgensen, Uffe Grae ; Greenhill, John ; Hill, K. ; Heinmüller, Janine ; Horne, Keith ; Kane, Stephen R. ; Marquette, Jean-Baptiste ; Martin, Ralph ; Menzies, J. W. ; Pollard, K. R. ; Sahu, K. C. ; Vinter, C. ; Wambsganss, Joachim ; Watson, R. ; Williams, A. ; Thurl, C.
We analyze the photometric data obtained by PLANET and OGLE on the caustic-crossing binary-lens microlensing event OGLE-2002-BLG-069. Thanks to the excellent photometric and spectroscopic coverage of the event, we are able to constrain the lens model up to the known ambiguity between close and wide binary lenses. The detection of annual parallax in combination with measurements of extended-source effects allows us to determine the mass, distance and velocity of the lens components for the competing models. While the model involving a close binary lens leads to a Bulge- Disc lens scenario with a lens mass of M = (0.51 ± 0.15) M-&ODOT; and distance of D-L = (2.9 ± 0.4) kpc, the wide binary lens solution requires a rather implausible binary black-hole lens ( M &GSIM; 126 M-&ODOT;). Furthermore we compare current state-of-the-art numerical and empirical models for the surface brightness profile of the source, a G5III Bulge giant. We find that a linear limb-darkening model for the atmosphere of the source star is consistent with the data whereas a PHOENIX atmosphere model assuming LTE and with no free parameter does not match our observations
Thermobarometrical and mineral-chemical investigations by electron microprobe and LA-ICP-MS on a sillimanite- bearing pegmatoid from the Reinbolt Hills provide important constraints on the P-T-X-age relations of part of East Antarctica during Pan-African tectonism. U-Th-total Pb ages of monazite imply that the pegmatoid of originally Grenvillan age (zircon U-Pb age of ca. 900 Ma) underwent a major, late Pan-African (Cambrian) regional, granulite-facies metamorphism between 500 and 550 Ma. Most of the monazite formed during this event, as result of apatite metasomatism owing to infiltration of high-grade metamorphic fluids. Apatite-biotite and other mineral thermobarometers define the peak metamorphic temperatures and pressures with 850-950 degrees C and 0.8-1.0 GPa. The F-Cl-OH relations in apatite, and biotite, the chemistry of fluid inclusions and the presence of K-feldspar microveins suggest that the metasomatising fluid was a CO2-bearing, diluted KCl brine. The pegmatoid is the first record of monazite-(Ce) formed from fluorapatite that is rich in U (up to 2.6 Wt% UO2) and possesses Th/U ratios <1 (0.09 on average). These chemical signatures are direct reflection of the U and Th concentration patterns in the parental fluorapatite
Cassan, A. ; Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe ; Brillant, Stephane ; Coutures, C. ; Dominik, M. ; Donatowicz, J. ; Jorgensen, Uffe Grae ; Kubas, Daniel ; Albrow, Michael D. ; Caldwell, John A. R. ; Fouque, P. ; Greenhill, John ; Hill, K. ; Horne, Keith ; Kane, Stephen R. ; Martin, Ralph ; Menzies, J. W. ; Pollard, K. R. ; Sahu, K. C. ; Vinter, C. ; Wambsganss, Joachim ; Watson, R. ; Williams, A. ; Fendt, Christian ; Hauschildt, P. ; Heinmueller, Janine ; Marquette, Jean-Baptiste ; Thurl, C.
We discuss high-resolution, time-resolved spectra of the caustic exit of the binary microlensing event OGLE 2002-BLG-069 obtained with UVES on the VLT. The source star is a G5III giant in the Galactic Bulge. During such events, the source star is highly magnified, and a strong differential magnification around the caustic resolves its surface. Using an appropriate model stellar atmosphere generated by the PHOENIX v2.6 code we obtain a model light curve for the caustic exit and compare it with a dense set of photometric observations obtained by the PLANET microlensing follow up network. We further compare predicted variations in the Halpha equivalent width with those measured from our spectra. While the model and observations agree in the gross features, there are discrepancies suggesting shortcomings in the model, particularly for the Halpha line core, where we have detected amplified emission from the stellar chromosphere after the source star's trailing limb exited the caustic. This achievement became possible by the provision of the very efficient OGLE-III Early Warning System, a network of small telescopes capable of nearly-continuous round-the-clock photometric monitoring, on-line data reduction, daily near-real-time modelling in order to predict caustic crossing parameters, and a fast and efficient response of a 8 m class telescope to a "Target-of-Opportunity" observation request
Jiang, G. F. ; DePoy, D. L. ; Gal-Yam, A. ; Gaudi, B. S. ; Gould, A. ; Han, C. ; Lipkin, Y. ; Maoz, D. ; Ofek, E. O. ; Park, B. G. ; Pogge, R. W. ; Udalski, A. ; Kubiak, Marcin ; Szymanski, M. K. ; Szewczyk, O. ; Zerbrun, K. ; Wyrzykowski, L. ; Soszynski, I. ; Pietrzynski, G. ; Albrow, Michael D. ; Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe ; Caldwell, John A. R. ; Cassan, A. ; Coutures, C. ; Dominik, M. ; Donatowicz, J. ; Fouque, P. ; Greenhill, John ; Hill, K. ; Horne, Keith ; Jorgensen, S. F. ; Jorgensen, Uffe Grae ; Kane, Stephen R. ; Kubas, Daniel ; Martin, Ralph ; Menzies, J. W. ; Pollard, R. ; Sahu, K. C. ; Wambsganss, Joachim ; Watson, R. ; Williams, A.
Microlensing is the only known direct method to measure the masses of stars that lack visible companions. In terms of microlensing observables, the mass is given by M (c(2)/4G)(r) over tilde (E)theta(E) and so requires the measurement of both the angular Einstein radius theta(E) and the projected Einstein radius (r) over tilde (E). Simultaneous measurement of these two parameters is extremely rare. Here we analyze OGLE-2003-BLG-238, a spectacularly bright (I-min 10.3), high-magnification (A(max) 170) microlensing event. Pronounced finite-source effects permit a measurement of theta(E) = 650 muas. Although the timescale of the event is only t(E) 38 days, one can still obtain weak constraints on the microlens parallax: 4.4 AU < <(r)over tilde>(E) < 18 AU at the 1 σ level. Together these two parameter measurements yield a range for the lens mass of 0.36 M-&ODOT; < M < 1.48 M-&ODOT;. As was the case for MACHO- LMC-5, the only other single star (apart from the Sun) whose mass has been determined from its gravitational effects, this estimate is rather crude. It does, however, demonstrate the viability of the technique. We also discuss future prospects for single-lens mass measurements
Sackett, Penny D. ; Albrow, Michael D. ; Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe ; Caldwell, John A. R. ; Coutures, C. ; Dominik, M. ; Greenhill, John ; Hill, K. ; Horne, Keith ; Jorgensen, Uffe Grae ; Kane, Stephen R. ; Kubas, Daniel ; Martin, Ralph ; Menzies, J. W. ; Pollard, K. R. ; Sahu, K. C. ; Wambsganß, Joachim ; Watson, R. ; Williams, A.
Due to their extremely small luminosity compared to the stars they orbit, planets outside our own Solar System are extraordinarily difficult to detect directly in optical light. Careful photometric monitoring of distant stars, however, can reveal the presence of exoplanets via the microlensing or eclipsing effects they induce. The international PLANET collaboration is performing such monitoring using a cadre of semi-dedicated telescopes around the world. Their results constrain the number of gas giants orbiting 1-7 AU from the most typical stars in the Galaxy. Upgrades in the program are opening regions of ''exoplanet discovery space'' - toward smaller masses and larger orbital radii - that are inaccessible to the Doppler velocity technique.
Neumann, Martin ; Brandt-Wardenberg, Henriette ; Brodowsky, Kristin ; Ebert, Daniel ; Hose, Susanne ; Junge, Katrin ; Kappler, Anna ; Karges, Melanie ; Lehnert, Annette ; Richter, Olivia ; Schirrmeister, Sebastian ; Solich, Raphaela ; Thaele, Liisa ; Trenkner, Christina ; Tschöpel, Sebastian ; Unger, Katharina ; Winkler, Anja ; Zimmermann, Steven ; Kirschke, Andreas ; Ladusch, Manfred
Die vorliegende Publikation fällt ein wenig aus dem Rahmen der Reihe „Sorben (Wenden) - Eine Brandenburger Minderheit und ihre Thematisierung im Unterricht“. Im Gegensatz zu den anderen Teilen widmet sie sich nur einem Gegenstand - dem Stoff der Krabat-Sagen. Damit richtet sie sich hauptsächlich an Lehrkräfte im Fach Deutsch, wobei auch fachübergreifende und Fächer verbindende Aspekte berücksichtigt werden. Die Krabat-Sage zählt vor allem in der Bearbeitung von Preußler zu den bekanntesten sorbischen Stoffen. Diese sorbischen Wurzeln werden allerdings nur selten thematisiert. Daher sind viele der vorliegenden Betrachtungen zu ausgewählten Aspekten auch als Anregungen zu verstehen, unter welchen Gesichtspunkten Krabat behandelt oder gar neu interpretiert und weiterentwickelt werden könnte. Diese Handreichung ist so konzipiert, dass sie je nach Interesse ausschnittweise gelesen werden kann: Auf einen Überblick über verschiedene Krabat-Bearbeitungen folgen Betrachtungen sorbischer Aspekte als auch Möglichkeiten einer Thematisierung über den Deutsch-Unterricht hinaus. Dabei wird auf Möglichkeiten einer Exkursion in die historische Krabat-Region in der Lausitz eingegangen. Es folgen Texte zu ausgewählten Einzelaspekten. Zudem enthält diese Publikation eine Zusammenstellung von verschiedenen Krabat-Materialien und Hinweise auf Unterrichtsprojekte zur Anregung, weiteren Vertiefung bzw. für den eigenen Unterrichtseinsatz.
Villatoro, José Andrés ; Weber, M. ; Zühlke, Martin ; Lehmann, A. ; Zenichowski, Karl ; Riebe, Daniel ; Beitz, Toralf ; Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd ; Kreuzer, O.
Electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry was employed for the determination of collision cross sections (CCS) of 25 synthetically produced peptides in the mass range between 540-3310 Da. The experimental measurement of the CCS is complemented by their calculation applying two different methods. One prediction method is the intrinsic size parameter (ISP) method developed by the Clemmer group. The second new method is based on the evaluation of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation trajectories as a whole, resulting in a single, averaged collision cross-section value for a given peptide in the gas phase. A high temperature MD simulation is run in order to scan through the whole conformational space. The lower temperature conformational distribution is obtained through thermodynamic reweighting. In the first part, various correlations, e.g. CCS vs. mass and inverse mobility vs. m/z correlations, are presented. Differences in CCS between peptides are also discussed in terms of their respective mass and m/z differences, as well as their respective structures. In the second part, measured and calculated CCS are compared. The agreement between the prediction results and the experimental values is in the same range for both calculation methods. While the calculation effort of the ISP method is much lower, the MD method comprises several tools providing deeper insights into the conformations of peptides. Advantages and limitations of both methods are discussed. Based on the separation of two pairs of linear and cyclic peptides of virtually the same mass, the influence of the structure on the cross sections is discussed. The shift in cross section differences and peak shape after transition from the linear to the cyclic peptide can be well understood by applying different MD tools, e.g. the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and the root mean square fluctuation (RMSF). (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Villatoro, José Andrés ; Zühlke, Martin ; Riebe, Daniel ; Riedel, Jens ; Beitz, Toralf ; Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
The novel combination of infrared matrix-assisted laser dispersion and ionization (IR-MALDI) with ion mobility (IM) spectrometry makes it possible to investigate biomolecules in their natural environment, liquid water. As an alternative to an ESI source, the IR-MALDI source was implemented in an in-house-developed ion mobility (IM) spectrometer. The release of ions directly from an aqueous solution is based on a phase explosion, induced by the absorption of an IR laser pulse (lambda = 2.94 mu m, 6 ns pulse width), which disperses the liquid as nano- and micro-droplets. The prerequisites for the application of IR-MALDI-IM spectrometry as an analytical method are narrow analyte ion signal peaks for a high spectrometer resolution. This can only be achieved by improving the desolvation of ions. One way to full desolvation is to give the cluster ions sufficient time to desolvate. Two methods for achieving this are studied: the implementation of an additional drift tube, as in ESI-IM-spectrometry, and the delayed extraction of the ions. As a result of this optimization procedure, limits of detection between 5 nM and 2.5 mu M as well as linear dynamic ranges of 2-3 orders of magnitude were obtained for a number of substances. The ability of this method to analyze simple mixtures is illustrated by the separation of two different surfactant mixtures.
Villatoro, José Andrés ; Zühlke, Martin ; Riebe, Daniel ; Beitz, Toralf ; Weber, Marcus ; Riedel, Jens ; Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
Infrared matrix-assisted laser dispersion and ionization (IR-MALDI) in combination with ion mobility (IM) spectrometry enables the direct analysis of biomolecules in aqueous solution. The release of ions directly from an aqueous solution is based on a phase explosion, induced by the absorption of an IR laser pulse, which disperses the liquid as vapor, nano-and micro-droplets. The ionization process is characterized initially by a broad spatial distribution of the ions, which is a result of complex fluid dynamics and desolvation kinetics. These processes have a profound effect on the shape and width of the peaks in the IM spectra. In this work, the transport of ions by the phase explosion-induced shockwave could be studied independently from the transport by the electric field. The shockwave-induced mean velocities of the ions at different time scales were determined through IM spectrometry and shadowgraphy. The results show a deceleration of the ions from 118 m.s(-1) at a distance of 400 mu m from the liquid surface to 7.1 m.s(-1) at a distance of 10 mm, which is caused by a pile-up effect. Furthermore, the desolvation kinetics were investigated and a first-order desolvation constant of 325 +/- 50 s(-1) was obtained. In the second part, the IR-MALDI-IM spectrometer is used as an HPLC detector for the two-dimensional separation of a pesticide mixture.
Villatoro Leal, José Andrés ; Zühlke, Martin ; Riebe, Daniel ; Beitz, Toralf ; Weber, Marcus ; Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
A new ion mobility (IM) spectrometer, enabling mobility measurements in the pressure range between 5 and 500 mbar and in the reduced field strength range E/N of 5-90 Td, was developed and characterized. Reduced mobility (K-0) values were studied under low E/N (constant value) as well as high E/N (deviation from low field K-0) for a series of molecular ions in nitrogen. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (IR-MALDI) was used in two configurations: a source working at atmospheric pressure (AP) and, for the first time, an IR-MALDI source working with a liquid (aqueous) matrix at sub-ambient/reduced pressure (RP). The influence of RP on IR-MALDI was examined and new insights into the dispersion process were gained. This enabled the optimization of the IM spectrometer for best analytical performance. While ion desolvation is less efficient at RP, the transport of ions is more efficient, leading to intensity enhancement and an increased number of oligomer ions. When deciding between AP and RP IR-MALDI, a trade-off between intensity and resolving power has to be considered. Here, the low field mobility of peptide ions was first measured and compared with reference values from ESI-IM spectrometry (at AP) as well as collision cross sections obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. The second application was the determination of the reduced mobility of various substituted ammonium ions as a function of E/N in nitrogen. The mobility is constant up to a threshold at high E/N. Beyond this threshold, mobility increases were observed. This behavior can be explained by the loss of hydrated water molecules.
Zohsel, Katrin ; Holz, Nathalie E. ; Hohm, Erika ; Schmidt, Martin H. ; Esser, Günter ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Banaschewski, Tobias ; Laucht, Manfred
Background: Depressed mood is prevalent during pregnancy, with accumulating evidence suggesting an impact on developmental outcome in the offspring. However, the long-term effects of prenatal maternal depression regarding internalizing psychopathology in the offspring are as yet unclear. Results: In n=85 young adults exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood, no significantly higher risk for a diagnosis of depressive disorder was observed. However, they reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms. This association was especially pronounced when prenatal maternal depressed mood was present during the first trimester of pregnancy and when maternal mood was depressed pre- as well as postnatally. At an uncorrected level only, prenatal maternal depressed mood was associated with decreased amygdala volume. Limitations: Prenatal maternal depressed mood was not assessed during pregnancy, but shortly after childbirth. No diagnoses of maternal clinical depression during pregnancy were available. Conclusions: Self-reported depressive symptoms do not imply increased, but rather decreased symptom levels in young adults who were exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood. A long-term perspective may be important when considering consequences of prenatal risk factors.
Zohsel, Katrin ; Hohm, Erika ; Schmidt, Martin H. ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Banaschewski, Tobias ; Laucht, Manfred
In einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurden Auswirkungen früher psychosozialer Risiken bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter untersucht und dabei die Rolle von affektiver und behavioraler Dysregulation im Kindesalter als vermittelndem Faktor überprüft. Drei Monate nach der Geburt wurde das Vorliegen von 11 psychosozialen Belastungsfaktoren erfasst. Im Alter von 8 – 15 Jahren wurde dreimal das Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulationsprofil (CBCL-DP) erhoben. Mit 25 Jahren wurde ein Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview durchgeführt und 309 der Teilnehmer füllten den Young Adult Self-Report aus. Frühe psychosoziale Risiken gingen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für das Vorliegen eines Substanzmissbrauchs im jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie mit erhöhtem externalisierendem und internalisierendem Problemverhalten einher. Der Zusammenhang zwischen frühen psychosozialen Risiken und späterem externalisierendem bzw. internalisierendem Problemverhalten wurde durch das CBCL-DP vermittelt.
Millenet, Sabina ; Laucht, Manfred ; Hohm, Erika ; Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine ; Hohmann, Sarah ; Schmidt, Martin H. ; Esser, Günter ; Banaschewski, Tobias ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Zohsel, Katrin
Reports of current ADHD symptoms in adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD are often discrepant: While one subgroup reports a particularly high level of current ADHD symptoms, another reports—in contrast—a very low level. The reasons for this difference remain unclear. Although sex might play a moderating role, it has not yet been examined in this regard. In an epidemiological cohort study from birth to young adulthood, childhood ADHD diagnoses were assessed at the ages of 4.5, 8, and 11 years based on parent ratings. Sex-specific development of ADHD symptoms was analyzed from the age of 15 to 25 years via self-reported ADHD symptoms in participants with (n = 47) and without childhood ADHD (n = 289) using a random coefficient regression model. The congruence between parent reports and adolescents’ self-ratings was examined, and the role of childhood ADHD diagnosis, childhood OCC/CD, and childhood internalizing disorder as possible sex-specific predictors of self-reported ADHD symptoms at age 25 years was investigated. With regard to self-reported ADHD symptoms, females with a childhood ADHD diagnosis reported significantly more ADHD symptoms compared to females without childhood ADHD and males with and without ADHD throughout adolescence and young adulthood. In contrast, males with childhood ADHD did not differ from control males either at age 15 or at age 25 years. Only in females did a childhood diagnosis of an externalizing disorder (ADHD and CD/ODD) predict self-reported ADHD symptoms by age 25 years. Our findings suggest that self-reports of young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD are influenced by sex. Specifically, females with childhood ADHD report increased levels of ADHD symptoms upon reaching adulthood. To correctly evaluate symptoms and impairment in this subgroup, other, more objective, sources of information may be advisable, such as neurophysiological measures.
Dehm, Daniel ; Krumbholz, Julia ; Baunach, Martin ; Wiebach, Vincent ; Hinrichs, Katrin ; Guljamow, Arthur ; Tabuchi, Takeshi ; Jenke-Kodama, Holger ; Süssmuth, Roderich D. ; Dittmann-Thünemann, Elke
Filamentous cyanobacteria belong to the most prolific producers of structurally unique and biologically active natural products, yet the majority of biosynthetic gene clusters predicted for these multicellular collectives are currently orphan. Here, we present a systems analysis of secondary metabolite gene expression in the model strain Nostoc punctiforme PCC73102 using RNA-seq and fluorescence reporter analysis. Our data demonstrate that the majority of the cryptic gene clusters are not silent but are expressed with regular or sporadic pattern. Cultivation of N. punctiforme using high-density fermentation overrules the spatial control and leads to a pronounced upregulation of more than 50% of biosynthetic gene clusters. Our data suggest that a combination of autocrine factors, a high CO2 level, and high light account for the upregulation of individual pathways. Our overarching study not only sheds light on the strategies of filamentous cyanobacteria to share the enormous metabolic burden connected with the production of specialized molecules but provides an avenue for the genome-based discovery of natural products in multicellular cyanobacteria as exemplified by the discovery of highly unusual variants of the tricyclic peptide microviridin.