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Eine verbesserte Zusammenarbeit und Abstimmung von Fachwissenschaft, Fachdidaktik, Bildungswissenschaften und schulpraktischen Lernorten ist einer der Förderbereiche der „Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung“. Zahlreiche der geförderten Projekte haben für dieses Handlungsfeld im Bereich Vernetzung von Fachwissenschaft, Fachdidaktik und Bildungswissenschaften hochschulspezifische Maßnahmen konzipiert und umgesetzt.
Der vorliegende Tagungsband beinhaltet Beiträge von 15 entsprechenden Projekten, von denen sieben anlässlich von zwei standortübergreifenden Projekt-Tagungen in Hannover und Potsdam vorgestellt und in Workshops diskutiert wurden. Insgesamt geben die Beiträge einen theoretisch fundierten und gleichzeitig praxisorientierten Überblick über aktuelle Ansätze und Konzepte zur besseren Vernetzung fachwissenschaftlicher, fachdidaktischer und bildungswissenschaftlicher Studienanteile im Lehramtsstudium. Dargestellt werden Projektarbeiten der Hochschulen, die auf verschiedenen Ebenen wirksam werden (curricular-inhaltliche Ebene, kollegiale Ebene, hochschul-strukturelle Ebene). Die Maßnahmen sind so beschrieben, dass sie als Grundlage für einen Transfer auf andere Fächer bzw. andere Standorte genutzt werden können.
Die Beiträge richten sich an alle Lehrenden im Bereich der Lehramtsbildung sowie sonstige Akteure im Bereich der Lehr- und Qualitätsentwicklung an den Universitäten. Sie alle können den beschriebenen Konzepten und Umsetzungsformaten transferierbare Ideen und Impulse entnehmen.
In this report, we illustrate the considerable impact of researcher degrees of freedom with respect to exclusion of participants in paradigms with a learning element. We illustrate this empirically through case examples from human fear conditioning research, in which the exclusion of ‘non-learners’ and ‘non-responders’ is common – despite a lack of consensus on how to define these groups. We illustrate the substantial heterogeneity in exclusion criteria identified in a systematic literature search and highlight the potential problems and pitfalls of different definitions through case examples based on re-analyses of existing data sets. On the basis of these studies, we propose a consensus on evidence-based rather than idiosyncratic criteria, including clear guidelines on reporting details. Taken together, we illustrate how flexibility in data collection and analysis can be avoided, which will benefit the robustness and replicability of research findings and can be expected to be applicable to other fields of research that involve a learning element.
Background/Aims: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) derivatives exert pronounced renal and osteoanabolic properties when given intermittently. The current study was performed to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties as well as safety of subcutaneously applied PTH-1-37 after repeated dosing in healthy subjects. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, dose-escalating, placebo and active comparator controlled study was conducted in 33 healthy postmenopausal women. Subjects were allocated to one of five treatment options: 10, 20, or 40 mu g PTH-1-37, 20 mu g PTH-1-34 or placebo, administered as once daily subcutaneous doses for three days. Plasma drug concentrations and serum levels of endogenous PTH-1-84, and calcium as markers of biological activity were monitored during the treatment. Results: PTH was absorbed rapidly from the subcutaneous tissue with a median t(max) of 30 minutes for 20 and 40 mu g of PTH-1-37. t(max) was 45 minutes for 20 mu g PTH-1-34. Elimination half-lives were estimated as 76 +/- 34 min and 70 +/- 13 min for 20 mu g and 40 mu g PTH-1-37 (mean +/- SD), and 78 +/- 34 for 20 mu g PTH-1-34. Both PTH fragments (PTH-1-37 and PTH-1-34) increased serum calcium. For PTH-1-37 the effect on serum calcium was dose-dependent. Suppression of endogenous PTH-1-84 was seen after the application of both PTH-1-37 and PTH-1-34. During the study period, the subjects experienced no unexpected or serious adverse events. Conclusions: PTH-1-37 is rapidly absorbed after s.c. injection, has a short plasma elimination half-life, and does not accumulate during multiple dosing. Biological activity was demonstrated by rising serum calcium and decreasing endogenous PTH-1-84 in blood plasma. The study drugs were well tolerated and safe. Our investigation presents data that PTH-1-37 is an excellent drug candidate for intervening with syndromes of dysregulation of calcium metabolism. (C) 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
Das 13. Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik mit dem Schwerpunktthema »Nur ein Wort? Diagnostik und Therapie von Wortabrufstörungen bei Kindern und Erwachsenen« fand am 16.11.2019 in Potsdam statt. Das Herbsttreffen wird seit 2007 jährlich vom Verband für Patholinguistik e.V. (vpl) in Kooperation mit dem Deutschen Bundesverband für akademische Sprachtherapie und Logopädie (dbs) und der Universität Potsdam durchgeführt. Der vorliegende Tagungsband beinhaltet die Hauptvorträge zum Schwerpunktthema sowie die Beiträge der Kurzvorträge im »Spektrum Patholinguistik« und der Posterpräsentationen zu weiteren Themen aus der sprachtherapeutischen Forschung und Praxis.
Die Geschichtsschreibung terminiert das Ende des deutschen Zionismus bisher mit dem NS-Verbot der Zionistischen Vereinigung für Deutschland im Zuge des Novemberpogroms 1938. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt hatte er aber von seinem geographischen Kontext entgrenzt, in Erez Israel bereits neue Wurzeln geschlagen. Zionisten aus Deutschland schickten sich nun an, mit ihrem spezifischen Erfahrungshorizont und Wertemaßstab und mitgebrachtem ideologischen Rüstzeug die Entwicklung des jüdischen Nationalheims mitzugestalten und einer umfassenden ökonomischen, kulturellen und politischen Akkulturation der deutschen Alijah den Weg zu bahnen. Entgegen aller zionistischen Theorie gründeten sie auf landsmannschaftlicher Basis im Jahr 1932 die Selbsthilfeorganisation Hitachduth Olej Germania und während des Weltkrieges die Partei Alija Chadascha.
Die Dissertation beinhaltet die Gesamtschau des deutschen Zionismus in seiner letzten Phase in den Jahren 1932 bis 1948; zugleich beleuchtet sie die Geschichte der etwa 60.000 in Palästina eingewanderten Juden aus Deutschland in der für diese Abhandlung relevanten Zeitperiode. Im ersten Teil wird in chronologischer Folge die 1932 beginnende letztmalige Sammlung und Neuformierung des deutschen Zionismus in seiner neu-alten Heimat dargestellt. Wenn man so will, die formativen Jahre im personellen, organisatorischen und ideologisch-politischen Sinne, die schließlich nach dem fast gänzlichen Scheitern der politischen Integration der deutschen Alijah mit der – in der Rückschau – fast zwangsläufig erscheinenden Begründung der Alija Chadascha ihren Abschluss fanden. Im zweiten Teil werden die Positionen der deutschen Zionisten zu den existenziellen Fragen der jüdischen Gemeinschaft in Palästina, hebräisch Jischuw genannt, in der im Fokus stehenden Zeitperiode dargestellt. Im Einzelnen handelt es sich erstens um die Einwanderungsfrage, die untrennbar verbunden war mit der in der zionistischen Theorie unabdingbaren Forderung nach der Erlangung einer jüdischen Majorität in Palästina; zweitens um die der staatlichen Ausgestaltung des zukünftigen jüdischen Gemeinwesens und drittens um die Frage der adäquaten Reaktion des Jischuw auf die Schoah. In diese jeweils in separaten Kapiteln behandelten Themenkomplexe wird die Frage nach dem anzustrebenden Verhältnis zur britischen Mandatsmacht mit einfließen. Hieran mussten die deutschen Zionisten ihr mitgebrachtes geistig-ideologisches Rüstzeug einem Praxistest unterziehen und nach realpolitischen Antworten suchen.
Dem kometenhaften Aufstieg der weiterhin landsmannschaftlich geprägten Alija Chadascha folgte dann in den ersten Nachkriegsjahren ein ebenso rapider Zerfall. Einige Monate nach der Staatsgründung Israels löste sie sich dann sang- und klanglos auf und das Gros ihrer Aktivisten integrierte sich in das Parteiengefüge des neuen Staates. Der deutsche Zionismus als politische Bewegung kam nun wirklich an sein Ende. Diese Abhandlung wird somit zum einen den Kampf der deutschen Alijah um gesellschaftliche Anerkennung und politische Partizipation im Jischuw nachzeichnen und zum anderen eine geistig-ideologische Verortung des deutschen Zionismus in seiner letzten Phase vollziehen und Tendenzen der ideologischen Neuausrichtung offenlegen. Darüber hinaus werden in der Historiographie vorhandene Allgemeinplätze wie die fast allseits anerkannte These vom Scheitern der deutschen Zionisten in der neuen Heimat einer Überprüfung unterzogen. Die letzte vorhandene Leerstelle im wissenschaftlichen Kanon zur mehr als 50-jährigen Geschichte des deutschen Zionismus wird somit geschlossen.
Um ihre ästhetischen und strukturellen Ähnlichkeiten zum Fernsehprogramm aufzudecken, analysiert Christian Richter ausführlich mediale Inszenierungen von Netflix und YouTube. Die Schlagworte »Flow«, »Serialität«, »Liveness« und »Adressierung« dienen dabei als zentrale Orientierungshilfen. Antworten liefern etablierte Fernsehtheorien ebenso wie facettenreiche und triviale Beispiele. Diese reichen vom ZDF-Fernsehgarten und alten Horrorfilmen über den SuperBowl und einsame Bahnfahrten durch Norwegen bis zu BibisBeautyPalace und House of Cards. Am Ende schält sich ein Zustand von FERNSEHEN heraus, der als eine neue Version aufgefasst werden kann.
Aims. We study gamma-ray emission from the shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) RXJ0852.0-4622 to better characterize its spectral properties and its distribution over the SNR. Methods. The analysis of an extended High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) data set at very high energies (E > 100 GeV) permits detailed studies, as well as spatially resolved spectroscopy, of the morphology and spectrum of the whole RXJ0852.0-4622 region. The H.E.S.S. data are combined with archival data from other wavebands and interpreted in the framework of leptonic and hadronic models. The joint Fermi-LAT-H.E.S.S. spectrum allows the direct determination of the spectral characteristics of the parent particle population in leptonic and hadronic scenarios using only GeV-TeV data. Results. An updated analysis of the H.E.S.S. data shows that the spectrum of the entire SNR connects smoothly to the high-energy spectrum measured by Fermi-LAT. The increased data set makes it possible to demonstrate that the H.E.S.S. spectrum deviates significantly from a power law and is well described by both a curved power law and a power law with an exponential cutoff at an energy of E-cut = (6.7 +/- 1.2(stat) +/- 1.2(syst)) TeV. The joint Fermi-LAT-H.E.S.S. spectrum allows the unambiguous identification of the spectral shape as a power law with an exponential cutoff. No significant evidence is found for a variation of the spectral parameters across the SNR, suggesting similar conditions of particle acceleration across the remnant. A simple modeling using one particle population to model the SNR emission demonstrates that both leptonic and hadronic emission scenarios remain plausible. It is also shown that at least a part of the shell emission is likely due to the presence of a pulsar wind nebula around PSR J0855-4644.
Context. Runaway stars form bow shocks by ploughing through the interstellar medium at supersonic speeds and are promising sources of non-thermal emission of photons. One of these objects has been found to emit non-thermal radiation in the radio band. This triggered the development of theoretical models predicting non-thermal photons from radio up to very-high-energy (VHE, E >= 0.1 TeV) gamma rays. Subsequently, one bow shock was also detected in X-ray observations. However, the data did not allow discrimination between a hot thermal and a non-thermal origin. Further observations of different candidates at X-ray energies showed no evidence for emission at the position of the bow shocks either. A systematic search in the Fermi-LAT energy regime resulted in flux upper limits for 27 candidates listed in the E-BOSS catalogue. Aims. Here we perform the first systematic search for VHE gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars. Methods. Using all available archival H.E.S.S. data we search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission at the positions of bow shock candidates listed in the second E-BOSS catalogue release. Out of the 73 bow shock candidates in this catalogue, 32 have been observed with H.E.S.S. Results. None of the observed 32 bow shock candidates in this population study show significant emission in the H.E.S.S. energy range. Therefore, flux upper limits are calculated in five energy bins and the fraction of the kinetic wind power that is converted into VHE gamma rays is constrained. Conclusions. Emission from stellar bow shocks is not detected in the energy range between 0.14 and 18 TeV. The resulting upper limits constrain the level of VHE gamma-ray emission from these objects down to 0.1-1% of the kinetic wind energy.
A search for new supernova remnants (SNRs) has been conducted using TeV gamma-ray data from the H.E.S.S. Galactic plane survey. As an identification criterion, shell morphologies that are characteristic for known resolved TeV SNRs have been used. Three new SNR candidates were identified in the H.E.S.S. data set with this method. Extensive multiwavelength searches for counterparts were conducted. A radio SNR candidate has been identified to be a counterpart to HESS J1534-571. The TeV source is therefore classified as a SNR. For the other two sources, HESS J1614-518 and HESS J1912 + 101, no identifying counterparts have been found, thus they remain SNR candidates for the time being. TeV-emitting SNRs are key objects in the context of identifying the accelerators of Galactic cosmic rays. The TeV emission of the relativistic particles in the new sources is examined in view of possible leptonic and hadronic emission scenarios, taking the current multiwavelength knowledge into account.
Context. The large jet kinetic power and non-thermal processes occurring in the microquasar SS 433 make this source a good candidate for a very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emitter. Gamma-ray fluxes above the sensitivity limits of current Cherenkov telescopes have been predicted for both the central X-ray binary system and the interaction regions of SS 433 jets with the surrounding W50 nebula. Non-thermal emission at lower energies has been previously reported, indicating that efficient particle acceleration is taking place in the system. Aims. We explore the capability of SS 433 to emit VHE gamma rays during periods in which the expected flux attenuation due to periodic eclipses (P-orb similar to 13.1 days) and precession of the circumstellar disk (P-pre similar to 162 days) periodically covering the central binary system is expected to be at its minimum. The eastern and western SS 433/W50 interaction regions are also examined using the whole data set available. We aim to constrain some theoretical models previously developed for this system with our observations. Methods. We made use of dedicated observations from the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC) and High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of SS 433 taken from 2006 to 2011. These observation were combined for the first time and accounted for a total effective observation time of 16.5 h, which were scheduled considering the expected phases of minimum absorption of the putative VHE emission. Gamma-ray attenuation does not affect the jet/medium interaction regions. In this case, the analysis of a larger data set amounting to similar to 40-80 h, depending on the region, was employed. Results. No evidence of VHE gamma-ray emission either from the central binary system or from the eastern/western interaction regions was found. Upper limits were computed for the combined data set. Differential fluxes from the central system are found to be less than or similar to 10(-12)-10(-13) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1) in an energy interval ranging from similar to few x 100 GeV to similar to few TeV. Integral flux limits down to similar to 10(-12)-10(-13) ph cm(-2) s(-1) and similar to 10(-13)-10(-14) ph cm(-2) s(-1) are obtained at 300 and 800 GeV, respectively. Our results are used to place constraints on the particle acceleration fraction at the inner jet regions and on the physics of the jet/medium interactions. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the fraction of the jet kinetic power that is transferred to relativistic protons must be relatively small in SS 433, q(p) <= 2.5 x 10(-5), to explain the lack of TeV and neutrino emission from the central system. At the SS 433/W50 interface, the presence of magnetic fields greater than or similar to 10 mu G is derived assuming a synchrotron origin for the observed X-ray emission. This also implies the presence of high-energy electrons with E-e up to 50 TeV, preventing an efficient production of gamma-ray fluxes in these interaction regions.
Measurement of the EBL spectral energy distribution using the VHE gamma-ray spectra of HESS blazars
(2017)
Very high-energy gamma rays (VHE, E greater than or similar to 100 GeV) propagating over cosmological distances can interact with the low-energy photons of the extragalactic background light (EBL) and produce electron-positron pairs. The transparency of the Universe to VHE gamma rays is then directly related to the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the EBL. The observation of features in the VHE energy spectra of extragalactic sources allows the EBL to be measured, which otherwise is very difficult. An EBL model-independent measurement of the EBL SED with the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes is presented. It was obtained by extracting the EBL absorption signal from the reanalysis of high-quality spectra of blazars. From H.E.S.S. data alone the EBL signature is detected at a significance of 9.5 sigma, and the intensity of the EBL obtained in different spectral bands is presented together with the associated gamma-ray horizon.
The diffuse very high-energy (VHE; > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission observed in the central 200 pc of the Milky Way by H.E.S.S. was found to follow dense matter distribution in the central molecular zone (CMZ) up to a longitudinal distance of about 130 pc to the Galactic centre (GC), where the flux rapidly decreases. This was initially interpreted as the result of a burst-like injection of energetic particles 104 yr ago, but a recent more sensitive H.E.S.S. analysis revealed that the cosmic-ray (CR) density profile drops with the distance to the centre, making data compatible with a steady cosmic PeVatron at the GC. In this paper, we extend this analysis to obtain, for the first time, a detailed characterisation of the correlation with matter and to search for additional features and individual gamma-ray sources in the inner 200 pc. Taking advantage of 250 h of H.E.S.S. data and improved analysis techniques, we perform a detailed morphology study of the diffuse VHE emission observed from the GC ridge and reconstruct its total spectrum. To test the various contributions to the total gamma-ray emission, we used an iterative 2D maximum-likelihood approach that allows us to build a phenomenological model of the emission by summing a number of different spatial components. We show that the emission correlated with dense matter covers the full CMZ and that its flux is about half the total diffuse emission flux. We also detect some emission at higher latitude that is likely produced by hadronic collisions of CRs in less dense regions of the GC interstellar medium. We detect an additional emission component centred on the GC and extending over about 15 pc that is consistent with the existence of a strong CR density gradient and confirms the presence of a CR accelerator at the very centre of our Galaxy. We show that the spectrum of full ridge diffuse emission is compatible with that previously derived from the central regions, suggesting that a single population of particles fills the entire CMZ. Finally, we report the discovery of a VHE gamma-ray source near the GC radio arc and argue that it is produced by the pulsar wind nebula candidate G0.13-0.11.
Teacher collaboration is an important feature of job satisfaction and self-efficacy for teachers.
Moreover, the collaboration of teachers is important for adopting professional changes as professional development (PD) activities that include opportunities for collaboration have been shown to support teachers in improving classroom practice.
This may even lead to higher student performance.
Situated in the context of the Advanced Placement (AP) reform in the United States, we investigated the perceived importance of opportunities to collaborate with colleagues as a rationale to participate in PD (N = 3,725 teachers).
The opportunity to collaborate with colleagues was a primary rationale why teachers selected PD activities.
While this rationale is only slightly related to school and teacher characteristics, it was related to PD characteristics.
Specifically, opportunities to collaborate with colleagues were important to teachers in selecting informal face-to-face (FtF) PD activities.
We conclude that collaborative structures benefit all forms of teacher professional development.