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Ahnen, M. L. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Arcaro, C. ; Babie, A. ; Banerjee, B. ; Bangale, P. ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Barrio, J. A. ; Gonzalez, J. Becerra ; Bednarek, W. ; Bernardini, E. ; Berti, A. ; Biasuzzi, B. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch, O. ; Bonnefoy, S. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Borracci, F. ; Carosi, R. ; Carosi, A. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Cumani, P. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Lotto, B. ; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona ; Di Pierro, F. ; Doert, M. ; Dominguez, A. ; Prester, D. Dominis ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Einecke, S. ; Glawion, D. Eisenacher ; Elsaesser, D. ; Engelkemeier, M. ; Ramazani, V. Fallah ; Fernandez-Barra, A. ; Fidalgo, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; Lopez, R. J. Garcia ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Gaug, M. ; Giammaria, P. ; Godinovie, N. ; Gora, D. ; Griffiths, S. ; Guberman, D. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hahn, A. ; Hassan, T. ; Hayashida, M. ; Herrera, J. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Hughes, G. ; Ishio, K. ; Konno, Y. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; Kuvezdie, D. ; Lelas, D. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; Lopez, M. ; Lopez-Oramas, A. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, M. ; Maneva, G. ; Manganaro, M. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Menzel, U. ; Minev, M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Moralejo, A. ; Moreno, V. ; Moretti, E. ; Munar-Adrover, P. ; Neustroev, V. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Rosillo, M. Nievas ; Nilsson, K. ; Nishijima, K. ; Noda, K. ; Nogues, L. ; Paiano, S. ; Palacio, J. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Paredes-Fortuny, X. ; Pedaletti, G. ; Peresano, M. ; Perri, L. ; Persic, M. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Garcia, J. R. ; Reichardt, I. ; Rhode, W. ; Riti, M. ; Rico, J. ; Saito, T. ; Satalecka, K. ; Schroeder, S. ; Schweizer, T. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Sobczynskall, D. ; Stamerra, A. ; Strzys, M. ; Surie, T. ; Takalo, L. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzie, T. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Torres, D. F. ; Torres-Alla, N. ; Treves, A. ; Vanzo, G. ; Acosta, M. Vazquez ; Vovk, I. ; Ward, J. E. ; Will, M. ; Wu, M. H. ; Zarie, D. ; Abdalla, Hassan E. ; Abramowski, A. ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Benkhali, F. Ait ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Andersson, T. ; Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan ; Arakawa, M. ; Arrieta, M. ; Aubert, P. ; Backes, M. ; Balzer, A. ; Barnard, M. ; Becherini, Y. ; Tjus, J. Becker ; Berge, D. ; Bernhard, S. ; Bernlohr, K. ; Blackwell, R. ; Bottcher, M. ; Boisson, C. ; Bolmont, J. ; Bordas, Pol ; Bregeon, J. ; Brun, F. ; Brun, P. ; Bryan, M. ; Btichele, M. ; Bulik, T. ; Capasso, M. ; Carr, J. ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Cerruti, M. ; Chakraborty, N. ; Chalme-Calvet, R. ; Chaves, R. C. G. ; Chen, A. ; Chevalier, J. ; Chretien, M. ; Coffaro, M. ; Colafrancesco, S. ; Cologna, G. ; Condon, B. ; Conrad, J. ; Cui, Y. ; Davids, I. D. ; Decock, J. ; Degrange, B. ; Dei, C. ; Devin, J. ; Dewilt, P. ; Dirson, L. ; Djannati-Atai, A. ; Domainko, W. ; Donath, A. ; Dutson, K. ; Dyks, J. ; Edwards, T. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eger, P. ; Ernenwein, J. -P. ; Eschbach, S. ; Farnier, C. ; Fegan, S. ; Fernandes, M. V. ; Fiasson, A. ; Fontaine, G. ; Forster, A. ; Funk, S. ; Ftifiling, M. ; Gabici, S. ; Gajdus, M. ; Gallant, Y. A. ; Garrigoux, T. ; Giavitto, G. ; Giebels, B. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Gottschal, D. ; Goya, A. ; Grondin, M. -H. ; Hahn, J. ; Haupt, M. ; Hawkes, J. ; Heinzelmann, G. ; Henri, G. ; Hermann, G. ; Hervet, O. ; Hinton, J. A. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hoischen, Clemens ; Holler, M. ; Horns, D. ; Ivascenko, A. ; Iwasaki, H. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Jamrozy, M. ; Janiak, M. ; Jankowsky, D. ; Jankowsky, F. ; Jingo, M. ; Jogler, T. ; Jouvin, L. ; Jung-Richardt, I. ; Kastendieck, M. A. ; Katarzyfiski, K. ; Katsuragawa, M. ; Katz, U. ; Kerszberg, D. ; Khangulyan, D. ; Khelifi, B. ; Kieffer, M. ; King, J. ; Klepser, S. ; Klochkov, D. ; Kluiniak, W. ; Kolitzus, D. ; Komin, Nu. ; Kosack, K. ; Krakau, S. ; Kraus, M. ; Krtiger, P. P. ; Laffon, H. ; Lamanna, G. ; Lau, J. ; Lees, J. -P. ; Lefaucheur, J. ; Lefranc, V. ; Lemiere, A. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Leser, Eva ; Lohse, T. ; Lorentz, M. ; Liu, R. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lypova, I. ; Marandon, V. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Mariaud, C. ; Marx, R. ; Maurin, G. ; Maxted, N. ; Mayer, M. ; Meintjes, P. J. ; Meyer, M. ; Mitche, A. M. W. ; Moderski, R. ; Mohamed, M. ; Mohrmann, L. ; Mora, K. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Murach, T. ; Nakashima, S. ; De Naurois, M. ; Niederwanger, F. ; Niemiec, J. ; Oakes, L. ; Odaka, H. ; Ott, S. ; Ohm, S. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Oya, I. ; Padovani, M. ; Panter, M. ; Parsons, R. D. ; Pekeur, N. W. ; Pelletier, G. ; Perennes, C. ; Petrucci, P. -O. ; Peyaud, B. ; Pie, Q. ; Pita, S. ; Poon, H. ; Prokhorov, D. ; Prokoph, H. ; Ptffilhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Raab, S. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; De Los Reyes, R. ; Richter, S. ; Rieger, F. ; Romoli, C. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. B. ; Safi-Harb, S. ; Sahakian, V. ; Saito, S. ; Salek, D. ; Sanchez, D. A. ; Santangelo, Andrea ; Sasaki, M. ; Schlickeiser, R. ; Schtissler, F. ; Schulz, A. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwemmer, S. ; Seglar-Arroyo, M. ; Settimo, M. ; Seyffert, A. S. ; Shafi, N. ; Shilon, I. ; Simoni, R. ; So, H. ; Spanier, F. ; Spengler, G. ; Spies, F. ; Stawarz, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, Christian ; Stycz, K. ; Sushch, I. ; Takahashi, T. ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Tavernier, T. ; Taylor, A. M. ; Terrier, R. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tiziani, D. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Trichard, C. ; Tsuji, N. ; Tuffs, R. ; Uchiyama, Y. ; Van der Walt, D. J. ; Van Eldik, C. ; Van Rensburg, C. ; Van Soelen, B. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Veh, J. ; Venter, C. ; Viana, A. ; Vincent, P. ; Vink, J. ; Voisin, F. ; Vok, H. J. ; Vuillaume, T. ; Wadiasingh, Z. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Wagner, P. ; Wagner, R. M. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Willmann, P. ; Wornlein, A. ; Wouters, D. ; Yang, R. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zaborov, D. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zanin, R. ; Zdziarski, A. A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zefi, F. ; Ziegler, A. ; Zywuckan, N.
Context. The large jet kinetic power and non-thermal processes occurring in the microquasar SS 433 make this source a good candidate for a very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emitter. Gamma-ray fluxes above the sensitivity limits of current Cherenkov telescopes have been predicted for both the central X-ray binary system and the interaction regions of SS 433 jets with the surrounding W50 nebula. Non-thermal emission at lower energies has been previously reported, indicating that efficient particle acceleration is taking place in the system. Aims. We explore the capability of SS 433 to emit VHE gamma rays during periods in which the expected flux attenuation due to periodic eclipses (P-orb similar to 13.1 days) and precession of the circumstellar disk (P-pre similar to 162 days) periodically covering the central binary system is expected to be at its minimum. The eastern and western SS 433/W50 interaction regions are also examined using the whole data set available. We aim to constrain some theoretical models previously developed for this system with our observations. Methods. We made use of dedicated observations from the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC) and High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of SS 433 taken from 2006 to 2011. These observation were combined for the first time and accounted for a total effective observation time of 16.5 h, which were scheduled considering the expected phases of minimum absorption of the putative VHE emission. Gamma-ray attenuation does not affect the jet/medium interaction regions. In this case, the analysis of a larger data set amounting to similar to 40-80 h, depending on the region, was employed. Results. No evidence of VHE gamma-ray emission either from the central binary system or from the eastern/western interaction regions was found. Upper limits were computed for the combined data set. Differential fluxes from the central system are found to be less than or similar to 10(-12)-10(-13) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1) in an energy interval ranging from similar to few x 100 GeV to similar to few TeV. Integral flux limits down to similar to 10(-12)-10(-13) ph cm(-2) s(-1) and similar to 10(-13)-10(-14) ph cm(-2) s(-1) are obtained at 300 and 800 GeV, respectively. Our results are used to place constraints on the particle acceleration fraction at the inner jet regions and on the physics of the jet/medium interactions. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the fraction of the jet kinetic power that is transferred to relativistic protons must be relatively small in SS 433, q(p) <= 2.5 x 10(-5), to explain the lack of TeV and neutrino emission from the central system. At the SS 433/W50 interface, the presence of magnetic fields greater than or similar to 10 mu G is derived assuming a synchrotron origin for the observed X-ray emission. This also implies the presence of high-energy electrons with E-e up to 50 TeV, preventing an efficient production of gamma-ray fluxes in these interaction regions.
Prospects for Cherenkov Telescope Array Observations of the Young Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946
(2017)
Acero, F. ; Aloisio, R. ; Amans, J. ; Amato, Elena ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Aramo, C. ; Armstrong, T. ; Arqueros, F. ; Asano, Katsuaki ; Ashley, M. ; Backes, M. ; Balazs, C. ; Balzer, A. ; Bamba, Aya ; Barkov, Maxim ; Barrio, J. A. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bernloehr, K. ; Beshley, V. ; Bigongiari, C. ; Biland, A. ; Bilinsky, A. ; Bissaldi, Elisabetta ; Biteau, J. ; Blanch, O. ; Blasi, P. ; Blazek, J. ; Boisson, C. ; Bonanno, G. ; Bonardi, A. ; Bonavolonta, C. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Braiding, C. ; Brau-Nogue, S. ; Bregeon, J. ; Brown, A. M. ; Bugaev, V. ; Bulgarelli, A. ; Bulik, T. ; Burton, Michael ; Burtovoi, A. ; Busetto, G. ; Bottcher, M. ; Cameron, R. ; Capalbi, M. ; Caproni, Anderson ; Caraveo, P. ; Carosi, R. ; Cascone, E. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chaty, Sylvain ; Chen, A. ; Chen, X. ; Chernyakova, M. ; Chikawa, M. ; Chudoba, J. ; Cohen-Tanugi, J. ; Colafrancesco, S. ; Conforti, V. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Costa, A. ; Cotter, G. ; Covino, Stefano ; Covone, G. ; Cumani, P. ; Cusumano, G. ; Daniel, M. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Cesare, G. ; De Franco, A. ; De Frondat, F. ; Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia ; De Lisio, C. ; Lopez, R. de los Reyes ; De Lotto, B. ; de Naurois, M. ; De Palma, F. ; Del Santo, M. ; Delgado, C. ; della Volpe, D. ; Di Girolamo, T. ; Di Giulio, C. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Di Venere, L. ; Doro, M. ; Dournaux, J. ; Dumas, D. ; Dwarkadas, Vikram V. ; Diaz, C. ; Ebr, J. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Einecke, S. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Eschbach, S. ; Falceta-Goncalves, D. ; Fasola, G. ; Fedorova, E. ; Fernandez-Barral, A. ; Ferrand, Gilles ; Fesquet, M. ; Fiandrini, E. ; Fiasson, A. ; Filipovic, Miroslav D. ; Fioretti, V. ; Font, L. ; Fontaine, Gilles ; Franco, F. J. ; Freixas Coromina, L. ; Fujita, Yutaka ; Fukui, Y. ; Funk, S. ; Forster, A. ; Gadola, A. ; Lopez, R. Garcia ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Giuliani, A. ; Glicenstein, J. ; Gnatyk, R. ; Goldoni, P. ; Grabarczyk, T. ; Graciani, R. ; Graham, J. ; Grandi, P. ; Granot, Jonathan ; Green, A. J. ; Griffiths, S. ; Gunji, S. ; Hakobyan, H. ; Hara, S. ; Hassan, T. ; Hayashida, M. ; Heller, M. ; Helo, J. C. ; Hinton, J. ; Hnatyk, B. ; Huet, J. ; Huetten, M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Hussein, M. ; Horandel, J. ; Ikeno, Y. ; Inada, T. ; Inome, Y. ; Inoue, S. ; Inoue, T. ; Inoue, Y. ; Ioka, K. ; Iori, Maurizio ; Jacquemier, J. ; Janecek, P. ; Jankowsky, D. ; Jung, I. ; Kaaret, P. ; Katagiri, H. ; Kimeswenger, S. ; Kimura, Shigeo S. ; Knodlseder, J. ; Koch, B. ; Kocot, J. ; Kohri, K. ; Komin, N. ; Konno, Y. ; Kosack, K. ; Koyama, S. ; Kraus, Michaela ; Kubo, Hidetoshi ; Mezek, G. Kukec ; Kushida, J. ; La Palombara, N. ; Lalik, K. ; Lamanna, G. ; Landt, H. ; Lapington, J. ; Laporte, P. ; Lee, S. ; Lees, J. ; Lefaucheur, J. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Leto, Giuseppe ; Lindfors, E. ; Lohse, T. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; Lopez, M. ; Lucarelli, F. ; Luque-Escamilla, Pedro Luis ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Maccarone, M. C. ; Maier, G. ; Malaguti, G. ; Mandat, D. ; Maneva, G. ; Mangano, S. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Marti, J. ; Martinez, M. ; Martinez, G. ; Masuda, S. ; Maurin, G. ; Maxted, N. ; Melioli, Claudio ; Mineo, T. ; Mirabal, N. ; Mizuno, T. ; Moderski, R. ; Mohammed, M. ; Montaruli, T. ; Moralejo, A. ; Mori, K. ; Morlino, G. ; Morselli, A. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Mukherjee, R. ; Mundell, C. ; Muraishi, H. ; Murase, Kohta ; Nagataki, Shigehiro ; Nagayoshi, T. ; Naito, T. ; Nakajima, D. ; Nakamori, T. ; Nemmen, R. ; Niemiec, Jacek ; Nieto, D. ; Nievas-Rosillo, M. ; Nikolajuk, M. ; Nishijima, K. ; Noda, K. ; Nogues, L. ; Nosek, D. ; Novosyadlyj, B. ; Nozaki, S. ; Ohira, Yutaka ; Ohishi, M. ; Ohm, S. ; Okumura, A. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orito, R. ; Orlati, A. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Oya, I. ; Padovani, Marco ; Palacio, J. ; Palatka, M. ; Paredes, Josep M. ; Pavy, S. ; Persic, M. ; Petrucci, P. ; Petruk, Oleh ; Pisarski, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Porcelli, A. ; Prandini, E. ; Prast, J. ; Principe, G. ; Prouza, M. ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Puelhofer, G. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Rameez, M. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Rizi, V. ; Rodriguez, J. ; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez ; Rodriguez Vazquez, J. J. ; Romano, Patrizia ; Romeo, G. ; Rosado, J. ; Rousselle, J. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Sadeh, I. ; Safi-Harb, S. ; Saito, T. ; Sakaki, N. ; Sanchez, D. ; Sangiorgi, P. ; Sano, H. ; Santander, M. ; Sarkar, S. ; Sawada, M. ; Schioppa, E. J. ; Schoorlemmer, H. ; Schovanek, P. ; Schussler, F. ; Sergijenko, O. ; Servillat, M. ; Shalchi, A. ; Shellard, R. C. ; Siejkowski, H. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Simone, D. ; Sliusar, V. ; Sol, H. ; Stanic, S. ; Starling, R. ; Stawarz, L. ; Stefanik, S. ; Stephan, M. ; Stolarczyk, T. ; Szanecki, M. ; Szepieniec, T. ; Tagliaferri, G. ; Tajima, H. ; Takahashi, M. ; Takeda, J. ; Tanaka, M. ; Tanaka, S. ; Tejedor, L. A. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terada, Y. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Testa, V. ; Thoudam, S. ; Tokanai, F. ; Torres, D. F. ; Torresi, E. ; Tosti, G. ; Townsley, C. ; Travnicek, P. ; Trichard, C. ; Trifoglio, M. ; Tsujimoto, S. ; Vagelli, V. ; Vallania, P. ; Valore, L. ; van Driel, W. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vandenbroucke, Justin ; Vassiliev, V. ; Vecchi, M. ; Vercellone, Stefano ; Vergani, S. ; Vigorito, C. ; Vorobiov, S. ; Vrastil, M. ; Vazquez Acosta, M. L. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Wagner, R. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Walter, R. ; Ward, J. E. ; Watson, J. J. ; Weinstein, A. ; White, M. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Wilcox, P. ; Williams, D. A. ; Wischnewski, R. ; Wojcik, P. ; Yamamoto, T. ; Yamamoto, H. ; Yamazaki, Ryo ; Yanagita, S. ; Yang, L. ; Yoshida, T. ; Yoshida, M. ; Yoshiike, S. ; Yoshikoshi, T. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zampieri, L. ; Zanin, R. ; Zavrtanik, M. ; Zavrtanik, D. ; Zdziarski, A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zechlin, Hannes ; Zhdanov, V. ; Ziegler, A. ; Zorn, J.
We perform simulations for future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observations of RX J1713.7-3946, a young supernova remnant (SNR) and one of the brightest sources ever discovered in very high energy (VHE) gamma rays. Special attention is paid to exploring possible spatial (anti) correlations of gamma rays with emission at other wavelengths, in particular X-rays and CO/H I emission. We present a series of simulated images of RX J1713.7-3946 for CTA based on a set of observationally motivated models for the gamma-ray emission. In these models, VHE gamma rays produced by high-energy electrons are assumed to trace the nonthermal X-ray emission observed by XMM-Newton, whereas those originating from relativistic protons delineate the local gas distributions. The local atomic and molecular gas distributions are deduced by the NANTEN team from CO and H I observations. Our primary goal is to show how one can distinguish the emission mechanism(s) of the gamma rays (i.e., hadronic versus leptonic, or a mixture of the two) through information provided by their spatial distribution, spectra, and time variation. This work is the first attempt to quantitatively evaluate the capabilities of CTA to achieve various proposed scientific goals by observing this important cosmic particle accelerator.
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