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Abramowski, Attila ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Benkhali, Faical Ait ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan ; Backes, Michael ; Balenderan, Shangkari ; Balzer, Arnim ; Barnacka, Anna ; Becherini, Yvonne ; Tjus, J. Becker ; Berge, David ; Bernhard, Sabrina ; Bernlöhr, K. ; Birsin, E. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Boettcher, Markus ; Boisson, Catherine ; Bolmont, J. ; Bordas, Pol ; Bregeon, Johan ; Brun, Francois ; Brun, Pierre ; Bryan, Mark ; Bulik, Tomasz ; Carrigan, Svenja ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Chadwick, Paula M. ; Chakraborty, N. ; Chalme-Calvet, R. ; Chaves, Ryan C. G. ; Chretien, M. ; Colafrancesco, Sergio ; Cologna, Gabriele ; Conrad, Jan ; Couturier, C. ; Cui, Y. ; Davids, I. D. ; Degrange, B. ; Deil, C. ; dewilt, P. ; Djannati-Ataï, A. ; Domainko, W. ; Donath, A. ; Dubus, G. ; Dutson, K. ; Dyks, J. ; Dyrda, M. ; Edwards, T. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eger, P. ; Espigat, P. ; Farnier, C. ; Fegan, S. ; Feinstein, F. ; Fernandes, M. V. ; Fernandez, D. ; Fiasson, A. ; Fontaine, G. ; Foerster, A. ; Fuessling, M. ; Gabici, S. ; Gajdus, M. ; Gallant, Y. A. ; Garrigoux, T. ; Giavitto, G. ; Giebels, B. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Gottschall, D. ; Grondin, M. -H. ; Grudzinska, M. ; Hadasch, D. ; Haeffner, S. ; Hahn, J. ; Harris, J. ; Heinzelmann, G. ; Henri, G. ; Hermann, G. ; Hervet, O. ; Hillert, A. ; Hinton, James Anthony ; Hofmann, W. ; Hofverberg, P. ; Holler, M. ; Horns, D. ; Ivascenko, A. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Jahn, C. ; Jamrozy, Marek ; Janiak, M. ; Jankowsky, F. ; Jung-Richardt, I. ; Kastendieck, M. A. ; Katarzynski, Krzysztof ; Katz, Uli ; Kaufmann, S. ; Khelifi, B. ; Kieffer, M. ; Klepser, S. ; Klochkov, D. ; Kluzniak, W. ; Kolitzus, D. ; Komin, Nu. ; Kosack, K. ; Krakau, S. ; Krayzel, F. ; Krueger, P. P. ; Laffon, H. ; Lamanna, G. ; Lefaucheur, J. ; Lefranc, V. ; Lemiere, A. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Lohse, T. ; Lopatin, A. ; Lu, C. -C. ; Marandon, V. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Marx, R. ; Maurin, G. ; Maxted, N. ; Mayer, M. ; McComb, T. J. L. ; Mehault, J. ; Meintjes, P. J. ; Menzler, U. ; Meyer, M. ; Mitchell, A. M. W. ; Moderski, R. ; Mohamed, M. ; Mora, K. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Murach, T. ; de Naurois, M. ; Niemiec, J. ; Nolan, S. J. ; Oakes, L. ; Odaka, H. ; Ohm, S. ; Opitz, B. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Oya, I. ; Panter, M. ; Parsons, R. D. ; Arribas, M. Paz ; Pekeur, N. W. ; Pelletier, G. ; Petrucci, P. -O. ; Peyaud, B. ; Pita, S. ; Poon, H. ; Puehlhofer, G. ; Punch, Michael ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Raab, S. ; Reichardt, I. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, Olaf ; Renaud, M. ; de los Reyes, R. ; Rieger, F. ; Romoli, C. ; Rosier-Lees, S. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. B. ; Sahakian, V. ; Salek, D. ; Sanchez, David M. ; Santangelo, Andrea ; Schlickeiser, R. ; Schuessler, Fabian ; Schulz, A. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwarzburg, S. ; Schwemmer, S. ; Sol, H. ; Spanier, F. ; Spengler, G. ; Spies, F. ; Stawarz, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, Christian ; Stinzing, F. ; Stycz, K. ; Sushch, Iurii ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Tavernier, T. ; Taylor, A. M. ; Terrier, R. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Trichard, C. ; Valerius, K. ; van Eldik, Christopher ; van Soelen, B. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Veh, J. ; Venter, C. ; Viana, A. ; Vincent, P. ; Vink, J. ; Voelk, H. J. ; Volpe, F. ; Vorster, M. ; Vuillaume, T. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Wagner, P. ; Wagner, R. M. ; Ward, M. ; Weidinger, M. ; Weitzel, Q. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Willmann, P. ; Woernlein, A. ; Wouters, D. ; Yang, R. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zaborov, D. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zdziarski, A. A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zechlin, H. -S. ; Fukui, Y.
Diffuse gamma-ray emission is the most prominent observable signature of celestial cosmic-ray interactions at high energies. While already being investigated at GeVenergies over several decades, assessments of diffuse gamma-ray emission at TeVenergies remain sparse. After completion of the systematic survey of the inner Galaxy, the H.E.S.S. experiment is in a prime position to observe large-scale diffuse emission at TeVenergies. Data of the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey are investigated in regions off known gamma-ray sources. Corresponding gamma-ray flux measurements were made over an extensive grid of celestial locations. Longitudinal and latitudinal profiles of the observed gamma-ray fluxes show characteristic excess emission not attributable to known gamma-ray sources. For the first time large-scale gamma-ray emission along the Galactic plane using imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes has been observed. While the background subtraction technique limits the ability to recover modest variation on the scale of the H.E.S.S. field of view or larger, which is characteristic of the inverse Compton scatter-induced Galactic diffuse emission, contributions of neutral pion decay as well as emission from unresolved gamma-ray sources can be recovered in the observed signal to a large fraction. Calculations show that the minimum gamma-ray emission from pi(0) decay represents a significant contribution to the total signal. This detection is interpreted as a mix of diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission and unresolved sources.
Abramowski, Attila ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Benkhali, Faical Ait ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan ; Backes, Michael ; Balenderan, Shangkari ; Balzer, Arnim ; Barnacka, Anna ; Becherini, Yvonne ; Tjus, J. Becker ; Berge, David ; Bernhard, Sabrina ; Bernlöhr, K. ; Birsin, E. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Böttcher, Markus ; Boisson, Catherine ; Bolmont, J. ; Bordas, Pol ; Bregeon, Johan ; Brun, Francois ; Brun, Pierre ; Bryan, Mark ; Bulik, Tomasz ; Carrigan, Svenja ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Chadwick, Paula M. ; Chakraborty, N. ; Chalme-Calvet, R. ; Chaves, Ryan C. G. ; Chretien, M. ; Colafrancesco, Sergio ; Cologna, Gabriele ; Conrad, Jan ; Couturier, C. ; Cui, Y. ; Dalton, M. ; Davids, I. D. ; Degrange, B. ; Deil, C. ; dewilt, P. ; Djannati-Ataï, A. ; Domainko, W. ; Donath, A. ; Dubus, G. ; Dutson, K. ; Dyks, J. ; Dyrda, M. ; Edwards, T. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eger, P. ; Espigat, P. ; Farnier, C. ; Fegan, S. ; Feinstein, F. ; Fernandes, M. V. ; Fernandez, D. ; Fiasson, A. ; Fontaine, G. ; Forster, A. ; Fuling, M. ; Gabici, S. ; Gajdus, M. ; Gallant, Y. A. ; Garrigoux, T. ; Giavitto, G. ; Giebels, B. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Gottschall, D. ; Grondin, M. -H. ; Grudzinska, M. ; Hadsch, D. ; Haeffner, S. ; Hahn, J. ; Harris, J. ; Heinzelmann, G. ; Henri, G. ; Hermann, G. ; Hervet, O. ; Hillert, A. ; Hinton, James Anthony ; Hofmann, W. ; Hofverberg, P. ; Holler, Markus ; Horns, D. ; Ivascenko, A. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Jahn, C. ; Jamrozy, M. ; Janiak, M. ; Jankowsky, F. ; Jung, I. ; Kastendieck, M. A. ; Katarzynski, K. ; Katz, U. ; Kaufmann, S. ; Khelifi, B. ; Kiefeer, M. ; Klepser, S. ; Klochkov, D. ; Kluzniak, W. ; Kolitzus, D. ; Komin, Nu. ; Kosack, K. ; Krakau, S. ; Krayzel, F. ; Kruger, P. P. ; Laffon, H. ; Lamanna, G. ; Lefaucheur, J. ; Lefranc, V. ; Lemiere, A. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Lohse, T. ; Lopatin, A. ; Lu, C. -C. ; Marandon, V. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Marx, R. ; Maurin, G. ; Maxted, N. ; Mayer, M. ; McComb, T. J. L. ; Mehault, J. ; Meintjes, P. J. ; Menzler, U. ; Meyer, M. ; Mitchell, A. M. W. ; Moderski, R. ; Mohamed, M. ; Mora, K. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Murach, T. ; de Naurois, M. ; Niemiec, J. ; Nolan, S. J. ; Oakes, L. ; Odaka, H. ; Ohm, S. ; Opitz, B. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Oya, I. ; Panter, M. ; Parsons, R. D. ; Arribas, M. Paz ; Pekeur, N. W. ; Pelletier, G. ; Perez, J. ; Petrucci, P. -O. ; Peyaud, B. ; Pita, S. ; Poon, H. ; Puhlhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Raab, S. ; Reichardt, I. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; de los Reyes, R. ; Rieger, F. ; Rob, L. ; Romoli, C. ; Rosier-Lees, S. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. B. ; Sahakian, V. ; Salek, D. ; Sanchez, David M. ; Santangelo, Andrea ; Schlickeiser, R. ; Schussler, F. ; Schulz, A. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwarzburg, S. ; Schwemmer, S. ; Sol, H. ; Spanier, F. ; Spengler, G. ; Spies, F. ; Stawarz, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, Christian ; Stinzing, F. ; Stycz, K. ; Sushch, Iurii ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Tavernier, T. ; Taylor, A. M. ; Terrier, R. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Trichard, C. ; Valerius, K. ; Van Eldik, C. ; Van Soelen, B. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Veh, J. ; Venter, C. ; Viana, A. ; Vincent, P. ; Vink, J. ; Volk, H. J. ; Volpe, F. ; Vorster, M. ; Vuillaume, T. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Wagner, P. ; Wagner, R. M. ; Ward, M. ; Weidinger, M. ; Weitzel, Q. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Willmann, P. ; Wornlein, A. ; Wouters, D. ; Yang, R. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zaborov, D. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zdziarski, A. A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zechlin, H. -S.
In this paper we report on the analysis of all the available optical and very high-energy gamma-ray (> 200 GeV) data for the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304, collected simultaneously with the ATOM and H.E.S.S. telescopes from 2007 until 2009. This study also includes X-ray (RXTE, Swift) and high-energy gamma-ray (Fermi-LAT) data. During the period analysed, the source was transitioning from its flaring to quiescent optical states, and was characterized by only moderate flux changes at different wavelengths on the timescales of days and months. A flattening of the optical continuum with an increasing optical flux can be noted in the collected dataset, but only occasionally and only at higher flux levels. We did not find any universal relation between the very high-energy gamma-ray and optical flux changes on the timescales from days and weeks up to several years. On the other hand, we noted that at higher flux levels the source can follow two distinct tracks in the optical flux-colour diagrams, which seem to be related to distinct gamma-ray states of the blazar. The obtained results therefore indicate a complex scaling between the optical and gamma-ray emission of PKS 2155 304, with different correlation patterns holding at different epochs, and a gamma-ray flux depending on the combination of an optical flux and colour rather than a flux alone.