Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (24)
Author
- Holder, J. (16)
- Lang, M. J. (16)
- Moriarty, P. (16)
- Ong, R. A. (16)
- Ragan, K. (16)
- Roache, E. (16)
- Wakely, S. P. (16)
- Fortson, L. (15)
- Sembroski, G. H. (15)
- Hughes, G. (14)
- Humensky, T. B. (14)
- Kar, P. (14)
- Kertzman, M. (14)
- Lin, T. T. Y. (14)
- McArthur, S. (14)
- Reynolds, P. T. (14)
- Falcone, A. (13)
- Pueschel, Elisa (13)
- Weinstein, A. (13)
- Zitzer, B. (13)
- Archer, A. (12)
- Bugaev, V. (12)
- Krennrich, F. (12)
- Quinn, J. (12)
- Tyler, J. (12)
- Wilcox, P. (12)
- Finley, J. P. (11)
- Hervet, O. (11)
- Pohl, Martin (11)
- Wilhelm, Alina (11)
- Williams, D. A. (11)
- Benbow, W. (10)
- Buchovecky, M. (10)
- Kaaret, P. (10)
- Kieda, D. (10)
- Petrashyk, A. (10)
- Richards, G. T. (10)
- Rulten, C. (10)
- Sadeh, I. (10)
- Brose, Robert (9)
- Buckley, J. H. (9)
- Cui, W. (9)
- Daniel, M. K. (9)
- Feng, Q. (9)
- Furniss, A. (9)
- Johnson, C. A. (9)
- Krause, M. (9)
- Otte, A. N. (9)
- Park, N. (9)
- Santander, M. (9)
- Shahinyan, K. (9)
- Wells, R. M. (9)
- Bird, R. (8)
- Connolly, M. P. (8)
- Fleischhack, H. (8)
- Kelley-Hoskins, N. (8)
- Kumar, S. (8)
- Mukherjee, R. (8)
- Staszak, D. (8)
- Bird, Ralph (7)
- Cerruti, M. (7)
- Griffin, S. (7)
- Hanna, D. (7)
- Huetten, M. (7)
- Maier, G. (7)
- Popkow, A. (7)
- Telezhinsky, Igor O. (7)
- Abeysekara, A. U. (6)
- Archambault, S. (6)
- Benbow, Wystan (6)
- Furniss, Amy (6)
- Gillanders, G. H. (6)
- Hanna, David (6)
- Kaaret, Philip (6)
- Mukherjee, Reshmi (6)
- Nieto, D. (6)
- Paneque, D. (6)
- Persic, M. (6)
- Richards, Gregory T. (6)
- Ansoldi, S. (5)
- Antonelli, L. A. (5)
- Babic, A. (5)
- Barrio, J. A. (5)
- Bonnoli, G. (5)
- Ciupik, L. (5)
- Colin, P. (5)
- Colombo, E. (5)
- Contreras, J. L. (5)
- Cortina, J. (5)
- Covino, S. (5)
- Cui, Wei (5)
- Da Vela, P. (5)
- Dazzi, F. (5)
- De Angelis, A. (5)
- De Lotto, B. (5)
- Dorner, D. (5)
- Doro, M. (5)
- Einecke, S. (5)
- Elsaesser, D. (5)
- Feng, Qi (5)
- Finley, John P. (5)
- Fonseca, M. V. (5)
- Font, L. (5)
- Fruck, C. (5)
- Godinovic, N. (5)
- Grube, J. (5)
- Hrupec, D. (5)
- Johnson, Caitlin A. (5)
- Kieda, David (5)
- Kushida, J. (5)
- Lelas, D. (5)
- Lindfors, E. (5)
- Lombardi, S. (5)
- Lopez, M. (5)
- Makariev, M. (5)
- Maneva, G. (5)
- Mannheim, K. (5)
- Maraschi, L. (5)
- Mariotti, M. (5)
- Martinez, M. (5)
- Mazin, D. (5)
- Miranda, J. M. (5)
- Mirzoyan, R. (5)
- Moralejo, A. (5)
- Moroni, P. G. Prada (5)
- Paoletti, R. (5)
- Paredes, J. M. (5)
- Prandini, E. (5)
- Puljak, I. (5)
- Rhode, W. (5)
- Rico, J. (5)
- Satalecka, K. (5)
- Schweizer, T. (5)
- Shahinyan, Karlen (5)
- Sitarek, J. (5)
- Snidaric, I. (5)
- Sobczynska, D. (5)
- Stamerra, A. (5)
- Temnikov, P. (5)
- Terzic, T. (5)
- Teshima, M. (5)
- Tucci, J. V. (5)
- Williams, David A. (5)
- Williamson, T. J. (5)
- Bangale, P. (4)
- Bednarek, W. (4)
- Bernardini, E. (4)
- Biland, A. (4)
- Bretz, T. (4)
- Carosi, A. (4)
- Dominguez, A. (4)
- Eisch, J. D. (4)
- Fortin, P. (4)
- Galindo, D. (4)
- Garczarczyk, M. (4)
- Gaug, M. (4)
- Gyuk, G. (4)
- Hadasch, D. (4)
- Herrera, J. (4)
- Hose, J. (4)
- Krause, Maria (4)
- Kubo, H. (4)
- Kurtanidze, O. M. (4)
- Lahteenmaki, A. (4)
- Larionov, V. M. (4)
- Lopez-Coto, R. (4)
- Lopez-Oramas, A. (4)
- Maier, Gernot (4)
- Meagher, K. (4)
- Menzel, U. (4)
- Niedzwiecki, A. (4)
- Nikolashvili, M. G. (4)
- Nilsson, K. (4)
- Nishijima, K. (4)
- Noda, K. (4)
- Otte, Adam Nepomuk (4)
- Paiano, S. (4)
- Palatiello, M. (4)
- Park, Nahee (4)
- Perri, M. (4)
- Pohl, M. (4)
- Ribo, M. (4)
- Rovero, A. C. (4)
- Sadun, A. C. (4)
- Saito, T. (4)
- Shore, S. N. (4)
- Strzys, M. (4)
- Takalo, L. (4)
- Tavecchio, F. (4)
- Treves, A. (4)
- Villata, M. (4)
- Weiner, O. M. (4)
- de Almeida, U. Barres (4)
- Antoranz, P. (3)
- Banerjee, B. (3)
- Bonnefoy, S. (3)
- Borracci, F. (3)
- Cardenzana, J. V. (3)
- Carmona, E. (3)
- Chen, W. P. (3)
- Christiansen, J. L. (3)
- Chromey, A. J. (3)
- De Caneva, G. (3)
- Di Pierro, F. (3)
- Fernandez-Barral, A. (3)
- Fidalgo, D. (3)
- Flinders, A. (3)
- Frantzen, K. (3)
- Garcia, J. Rodriguez (3)
- Giammaria, P. (3)
- Gillanders, Gerard H. (3)
- Gonzalez Munoz, A. (3)
- Gonzalez, J. Becerra (3)
- Guberman, D. (3)
- Hakansson, Nils (3)
- Hayashida, M. (3)
- Hildebrand, D. (3)
- Idec, W. (3)
- Jordan, B. (3)
- Jorstad, S. G. (3)
- Kellermann, H. (3)
- Konno, Y. (3)
- Kurtanidze, S. O. (3)
- La Barbera, A. (3)
- Lewandowska, N. (3)
- Longo, F. (3)
- Lopez, R. J. Garcia (3)
- Lorenz, E. (3)
- Majumdar, P. (3)
- Mallot, K. (3)
- Manganaro, M. (3)
- Marcote, B. (3)
- McCann, A. (3)
- Morozova, D. A. (3)
- Müller-Röber, Bernd (3)
- Nakajima, D. (3)
- Neustroev, V. (3)
- Orito, R. (3)
- Overkemping, A. (3)
- Palacio, J. (3)
- Paredes-Fortuny, X. (3)
- Pichel, A. (3)
- Popkow, Alexis (3)
- Prester, Dijana Dominis (3)
- Reinthal, R. (3)
- Saito, K. (3)
- Scapin, V. (3)
- Sillanpaa, A. (3)
- Steinbring, T. (3)
- Suric, T. (3)
- Sushch, Iurii (3)
- Tescaro, D. (3)
- Thaele, J. (3)
- Tibolla, O. (3)
- Tornikoski, M. (3)
- Torres, D. F. (3)
- Toyama, T. (3)
- Troitsky, I. S. (3)
- Vassiliev, V. V. (3)
- Vovk, I. (3)
- Will, M. (3)
- Zanin, R. (3)
- Ahnen, M. L. (2)
- Aleksic, J. (2)
- Aller, H. D. (2)
- Aller, M. F. (2)
- Angelakis, E. (2)
- Baack, D. (2)
- Beilicke, M. (2)
- Berger, K. (2)
- Berti, A. (2)
- Bhattacharyya, W. (2)
- Biasuzzi, B. (2)
- Biteau, Jonathan (2)
- Blanch Bigas, O. (2)
- Blanch, O. (2)
- Bourbeau, E. (2)
- Brantseg, T. (2)
- Brearley, C. A. (2)
- Brill, A. (2)
- Byrum, K. (2)
- Carosi, R. (2)
- Carraminana, A. (2)
- Cesarini, A. (2)
- Chatterjee, A. (2)
- Chen, Xuhui (2)
- Colak, S. M. (2)
- Collins-Hughes, E. (2)
- Delfino, M. (2)
- Delgado Mendez, C. (2)
- Dickinson, H. J. (2)
- Doert, M. (2)
- Dumm, J. (2)
- Eisenacher, D. (2)
- Errando, M. (2)
- Fuhrmann, L. (2)
- Garcia Lopez, R. J. (2)
- Garcia, J. R. (2)
- Garrido Terrats, D. (2)
- Gozzini, S. R. (2)
- Griffiths, S. T. (2)
- Gueta, O. (2)
- Hahn, A. (2)
- Hanabata, Y. (2)
- Hassan, T. (2)
- Hovatta, T. (2)
- Hutten, M. (2)
- Ishio, K. (2)
- Kadenius, V. (2)
- Kimeridze, G. N. (2)
- Knoetig, M. L. (2)
- Kodani, K. (2)
- Koptelova, E. (2)
- Krause, J. (2)
- Krichbaum, T. P. (2)
- Kuvezdic, D. (2)
- Larionova, E. G. (2)
- Lin, H. C. (2)
- Lin, W. H. (2)
- Longo, Francesco (2)
- Lozano, I. (2)
- Maggio, C. (2)
- Mankuzhiyil, N. (2)
- Max-Moerbeck, W. (2)
- McBreen, B. (2)
- Minev, M. (2)
- Mokrushina, A. A. (2)
- Moody, J. W. (2)
- Moreno, V. (2)
- Moretti, E. (2)
- Munar-Adrover, P. (2)
- Nievas Rosillo, M. (2)
- Nigro, C. (2)
- Nilsonne, Gustav (2)
- Ninci, D. (2)
- Noethe, M. (2)
- Nogues, L. (2)
- Pedaletti, G. (2)
- Peresano, M. (2)
- Perkins, J. S. (2)
- Perkins, Jeremy S. (2)
- Pontrelli, P. (2)
- Prester, D. Dominis (2)
- Prokoph, H. (2)
- Raiteri, C. (2)
- Raiteri, C. M. (2)
- Ramazani, V. Fallah (2)
- Ratliff, G. (2)
- Readhead, A. C. S. (2)
- Reyes, L. C. (2)
- Richards, J. L. (2)
- Righi, C. (2)
- Rugliancich, A. (2)
- Sakamoto, T. (2)
- Santander, Marcos (2)
- Scalzotto, V. (2)
- Schultz, C. (2)
- Sigua, L. A. (2)
- Smith, P. S. (2)
- Spanier, F. (2)
- Stamatescu, V. (2)
- Storz, J. (2)
- Strigachev, A. (2)
- Sun, S. (2)
- Sushch, I. (2)
- Takami, H. (2)
- Tammi, J. (2)
- Torres-Alba, N. (2)
- Trepanier, S. (2)
- Tsujimoto, S. (2)
- Uellenbeck, M. (2)
- Vanzo, G. (2)
- Varlotta, A. (2)
- Vazquez Acosta, M. (2)
- Verrecchia, F. (2)
- Vogler, P. (2)
- Wang, Y. (2)
- Ward, J. E. (2)
- Weisgarber, T. (2)
- Welsing, R. (2)
- Xu, Z. H. (2)
- Xue, H. W. (2)
- Zaric, D. (2)
- Aarts, Alexander A. (1)
- Abbasi, Ali (1)
- Abdollahi, S. (1)
- Abler, Birgit (1)
- Acciari, V. A. (1)
- Agartz, Ingrid (1)
- Agudo, I. (1)
- Aguilar, Maria (1)
- Ajello, Marco (1)
- Alfaro, R. (1)
- Allen, Andrew E. (1)
- Alonso, M. Fernandez (1)
- Alvarez, C. (1)
- Alvarez, J. D. (1)
- Alvarez, Leslie D. Cramblet (1)
- Anderson, Christopher J. (1)
- Anderson, Joanna E. (1)
- Andreassen, Ole A. (1)
- Anthony, Mia (1)
- Arbet-Engels, A. (1)
- Arcaro, C. (1)
- Arceo, R. (1)
- Arnold, G. (1)
- Arroyo, M. Seglar (1)
- Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C. (1)
- Attridge, Peter R. (1)
- Attwood, Angela (1)
- Aune, Taylor (1)
- Axt, Jordan (1)
- Ayala Solares, H. A. (1)
- Babel, Molly (1)
- Bachev, R. (1)
- Baer, Karl-Juergen (1)
- Bahnik, Stepan (1)
- Balbo, M. (1)
- Baldini, Luca (1)
- Baranski, Erica (1)
- Barbiellini, G. (1)
- Barnett-Cowan, Michael (1)
- Barres de Almeida, U. (1)
- Bartmess, Elizabeth (1)
- Barucci, M. A. (1)
- Bastieri, Denis (1)
- Becerra Gonzalez, J. (1)
- Becerra Gonzalez, Josefa (1)
- Becerril, A. (1)
- Bednarek, Wlodek (1)
- Beer, Jennifer (1)
- Behera, B. (1)
- Bell, Raoul (1)
- Bellazzini, Ronaldo (1)
- Belmont-Moreno, E. (1)
- Beloborodov, Andrei (1)
- BenZvi, S. Y. (1)
- Bentley, Heather (1)
- Berenji, B. (1)
- Bernal, A. (1)
- Bernardini, Elisa (1)
- Bertaux, J-L (1)
- Bertini, I (1)
- Bertsch, Katja (1)
- Besenrieder, J. (1)
- Beyan, Leah (1)
- Bianch, O. (1)
- Bidle, Kay (1)
- Bigongiari, C. (1)
- Bilandli, A. (1)
- Binion, Grace (1)
- Bissaldi, Elisabetta (1)
- Blandford, R. D. (1)
- Blank, M. (1)
- Blinov, D. A. (1)
- Bock, R. K. (1)
- Bockeele-Morvan, D. (1)
- Bodewits, D. (1)
- Boettcher, Markus (1)
- Boggs, S. (1)
- Boller, A. (1)
- Bonino, R. (1)
- Borman, G. A. (1)
- Borodovsky, M. (1)
- Borsboom, Denny (1)
- Bosch, Annick (1)
- Bosco, Frank A. (1)
- Bottacini, E. (1)
- Bouvier, A. (1)
- Bowler, C. (1)
- Bowman, Sara D. (1)
- Brandt, Mark J. (1)
- Brandt, Terri J. (1)
- Braswell, Erin (1)
- Braun, J. (1)
- Brisbois, C. (1)
- Brisken, W. F. (1)
- Brohmer, Hilmar (1)
- Brown, Benjamin T. (1)
- Brown, Kristina (1)
- Brown, Rebecca C. (1)
- Brownlee, Colin (1)
- Bruegge, K. (1)
- Bruel, P. (1)
- Bruening, Jovita (1)
- Brunner, Romuald (1)
- Buehler, R. (1)
- Bugaev, V (1)
- Bulinski, M. (1)
- Burn, Paul L. (1)
- Busetto, G. (1)
- Buson, S. (1)
- Buss, J. (1)
- Caballero-Mora, K. S. (1)
- Calhoun-Sauls, Ann (1)
- Callahan, Shannon P. (1)
- Cameron, R. A. (1)
- Capaccioni, F. (1)
- Capalbi, M. (1)
- Capistran, T. (1)
- Capria, M. T. (1)
- Caputo, R. (1)
- Caraveo, P. A. (1)
- Carnevali, Luca (1)
- Carrasco, L. (1)
- Casanova, Sabrina (1)
- Cassaro, P. (1)
- Castillo, M. (1)
- Castro, D. (1)
- Cavazzuti, E. (1)
- Ceribella, G. (1)
- Chagnon, Elizabeth (1)
- Chamani, W. (1)
- Chandler, Jesse (1)
- Charles, Eric (1)
- Chartier, Christopher R. (1)
- Chen, X. (1)
- Chen, Xiaoming (1)
- Cheung, Felix (1)
- Chiang, J. (1)
- Chiaro, G. (1)
- Chigladze, R. A. (1)
- Christensen, F. (1)
- Christopherson, Cody D. (1)
- Ciarniello, M. (1)
- Cikota, S. (1)
- Cillessen, Linda (1)
- Ciprini, S. (1)
- Claverie, Jean-Michel (1)
- Clavero, R. (1)
- Clay, Russ (1)
- Cleary, Hayley (1)
- Cloud, Mark D. (1)
- Cock, J. Mark (1)
- Cohen-Tanugi, Johann (1)
- Cohn, Michael (1)
- Cohoon, Johanna (1)
- Columbus, Simon (1)
- Cordes, Andreas (1)
- Costantin, D. (1)
- Costantini, Giulio (1)
- Cotti, U. (1)
- Cotzomi, J. (1)
- Coutino de Leon, S. (1)
- Craig, W. (1)
- Cremata, Ed (1)
- Cremonese, G. (1)
- Critchley, Hugo D. (1)
- Crovisier, J. (1)
- Crusius, Jan (1)
- Cullen, Kathryn R. (1)
- Cumani, P. (1)
- Cutini, S. (1)
- Da Deppo, V (1)
- Dacks, Joel B. (1)
- Damljanovic, G. (1)
- Danie, M. K. (1)
- Davidsson, B. (1)
- De Cecco, M. (1)
- De Leon, C. (1)
- De Sanctis, M. C. (1)
- De la Fuente, E. (1)
- DeCoster, Jamie (1)
- DeGaetano, Michelle A. (1)
- Debei, S. (1)
- Delgado, J. (1)
- Delgado, Jose Miguel Martins (1)
- Della Penna, Nicolas (1)
- Deller, J. (1)
- Delwiche, Charles F. (1)
- Deserno, Marie K. (1)
- Devitt, Olivia (1)
- Dewitte, Laura (1)
- Di Lalla, N. (1)
- Di Mauro, M. (1)
- Di Venere, L. (1)
- Diaz-Velez, J. C. (1)
- Dichiara, S. (1)
- Dingus, B. L. (1)
- Dmytriiev, A. (1)
- Do Souto Espinera, E. (1)
- Dobolyi, David G. (1)
- Dodson, Geneva T. (1)
- Donnellan, M. Brent (1)
- Donohue, Ryan (1)
- Doose, L. (1)
- Dore, Rebecca A. (1)
- Dorrough, Angela (1)
- Dreber, Anna (1)
- DuVernois, M. A. (1)
- Dugas, Michelle (1)
- Dunn, Elizabeth W. (1)
- Dyhrman, Sonya T. (1)
- Dziobek, Isabel (1)
- Easey, Kayleigh (1)
- Eboigbe, Sylvia (1)
- Echeverria, Alejandro Vasquez (1)
- Eggleston, Casey (1)
- Eisenacher Glawion, D. (1)
- Elias, Marek (1)
- Embley, Jo (1)
- Enestam, S. (1)
- Engel, K. (1)
- Engelkemeier, M. (1)
- Engels, A. Arbet (1)
- Enriquez-Rivera, O. (1)
- Epskamp, Sacha (1)
- Erard, S. (1)
- Errando, Manel (1)
- Errington, Timothy M. (1)
- Estel, Vivien (1)
- Eswaraiah, C. (1)
- Etesami, Mohammad (1)
- Farach, Frank J. (1)
- Farina, E. (1)
- Fattorini, A. (1)
- Favuzzi, C. (1)
- Feather, Jenelle (1)
- Federici, S. (1)
- Fedor, Anna (1)
- Fegan, D. J. (1)
- Fegan, S. J. (1)
- Ferenc, D. (1)
- Ferger, Marc D. (1)
- Fernandez-Castilla, Belen (1)
- Ferrara, G. (1)
- Fidalgo, D. Carreto (1)
- Fiedler, Susann (1)
- Field, James G. (1)
- Filacchione, G. (1)
- Fink, U. (1)
- Finke, J. (1)
- Fiorino, D. W. (1)
- Fischer, Hakan (1)
- Fitneva, Stanka A. (1)
- Flagan, Taru (1)
- Flor, Herta (1)
- Foffano, L. (1)
- Forest, Amanda L. (1)
- Formisano, M. (1)
- Fornasier, S. (1)
- Forsell, Eskil (1)
- Foster, Joshua D. (1)
- Fraija, N. (1)
- Franckowiak, Anna (1)
- Frank, Michael C. (1)
- Frazier, Rebecca S. (1)
- Frickenhaus, Stephan (1)
- Fuchs, Heather (1)
- Fukazawa, Yasushi (1)
- Fulle, M. (1)
- Funk, Stefan (1)
- Fusco, Piergiorgio (1)
- Gable, Philip (1)
- Gaebler, Michael (1)
- Galak, Jeff (1)
- Galante, N. (1)
- Galliani, Elisa Maria (1)
- Gallozzi, S. (1)
- Gampa, Anup (1)
- Garcia, Sara (1)
- Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. (1)
- Garczarczyki, M. (1)
- Garfias, F. (1)
- Gargano, Fabio (1)
- Gasparrini, Dario (1)
- Gasparyan, S. (1)
- Gaug, Markus (1)
- Gazarian, Douglas (1)
- Gent, A. (1)
- Gentle, Ian R. (1)
- Gerard, L. (1)
- Geringer-Sameth, A. (1)
- Gianaros, Peter J. (1)
- Giavitto, G. (1)
- Giglietto, Nicola (1)
- Gilbert, Elizabeth (1)
- Gillanders, G. (1)
- Gillanders, Gerald H. (1)
- Giner-Sorolla, Roger (1)
- Giommi, P. (1)
- Giordano, F. (1)
- Giroletti, M. (1)
- Giroletti, Marcello (1)
- Giummarra, Melita J. (1)
- Giuri, C. (1)
- Gladyshev, Vadim N. (1)
- Glawion, D. Eisenacher (1)
- Glöckner, Andreas (1)
- Glöckner, Gernot (1)
- Goh, Jin X. (1)
- Goldberg, Rebecca (1)
- Gomez, J. L. (1)
- Gonzalez, Karina (1)
- Gonzalez, M. M. (1)
- Goodbourn, Patrick T. (1)
- Goodman, J. A. (1)
- Gora, D. (1)
- Gordon-McKeon, Shauna (1)
- Gorges, Bryan (1)
- Gorges, Jessie (1)
- Goss, Justin (1)
- Gotthelf, Eric V. (1)
- Graham, Jesse (1)
- Grange, James A. (1)
- Gray, Jeremy (1)
- Green, D. (1)
- Greening, Steven G. (1)
- Grenier, I. A. (1)
- Greus, F. Salesa (1)
- Grigoriev, Igor V. (1)
- Grishina, T. S. (1)
- Groth, Marco (1)
- Guda, Chittibabu (1)
- Guendelman, Simon (1)
- Guettler, C. (1)
- Guillemot, L. (1)
- Guiriec, Sylvain (1)
- Gunawardhana, Isuru (1)
- Gurwell, M. A. (1)
- Gutierrez, P. J. (1)
- Guver, T. (1)
- Göllner, Lars (1)
- Hadaegh, Ahmad (1)
- Hadamek, A. (1)
- Hailey, C. (1)
- Hakansson, N. (1)
- Halpern, J. P. (1)
- Hampel-Arias, Z. (1)
- Harding, J. P. (1)
- Harisson, F. (1)
- Hartgerink, Chris (1)
- Hartshorne, Joshua (1)
- Hassan, Tarek (1)
- Hasselman, Fred (1)
- Hayes, Timothy (1)
- Hays, Elizabeth (1)
- Heathers, James A. J. (1)
- Heikensten, Emma (1)
- Henninger, Felix (1)
- Herbst, T. (1)
- Herman, Emily K. (1)
- Hernandez, S. (1)
- Hernandez-Almada, A. (1)
- Herpertz, Sabine C. (1)
- Herrero, A. (1)
- Hewitt, John W. (1)
- Hoang, J. (1)
- Hodsoll, John (1)
- Holubar, Taylor (1)
- Hona, B. (1)
- Hoogendoorn, Gea (1)
- Horan, D. (1)
- Hovatta, Talvikki (1)
- Hu, Mandy X. (1)
- Hu, X. (1)
- Huang, K. (1)
- Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. (1)
- Hughes, Z. (1)
- Hui, C. M. (1)
- Hummensky, B. (1)
- Humphries, Denise J. (1)
- Hung, Cathy O. -Y. (1)
- Huntemeyer, P. (1)
- Huttens, M. (1)
- Hütten, M. (1)
- Ibryamov, S. I. (1)
- Iglesias-Rodriguez, Maria Debora (1)
- Immelman, Nathali (1)
- Inoue, S. (1)
- Ip, W-H (1)
- Iriarte, A. (1)
- Irsik, Vanessa C. (1)
- Ivanovski, S. (1)
- Iwamura, Y. (1)
- Jaekel, Frank (1)
- Jahn, Georg (1)
- Jardin-Blicq, A. (1)
- Jekel, Marc (1)
- Jenkins, J. (1)
- Jentschke, Sebastian (1)
- Jiang, Wei (1)
- Jin, Hui (1)
- Johannesson, G. (1)
- Johannesson, Magnus (1)
- John, Uwe (1)
- Johnson, David J. (1)
- Johnson, Kate M. (1)
- Johnson, Larissa G. (1)
- Johnston, William J. (1)
- Jonas, Kai (1)
- Joner, M. D. (1)
- Jones, Bethan M. (1)
- Jorstad, Svetlana G. (1)
- Joshi, M. (1)
- Joshi, V. (1)
- Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A. (1)
- Joyce, Amy M. (1)
- Kaess, Michael (1)
- Kappel, David (1)
- Kappes, Heather Barry (1)
- Karamanavis, V. (1)
- Kataoka, J. (1)
- Kaufmann, S. (1)
- Kaufmann, Tobias (1)
- Kegel, Jessica (1)
- Keller, H. U. (1)
- Kelso, Kim (1)
- Kensei, S. (1)
- Khassen, Y. (1)
- Kheawhom, Soorathep (1)
- Khezri, Ramin (1)
- Kidwell, Mallory C. (1)
- Kiehlmann, S. (1)
- Kim, Seung Kyung (1)
- Kirkhart, Matthew (1)
- Kleinberg, Bennett (1)
- Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie (1)
- Klute, Mary J. (1)
- Knezevic, Goran (1)
- Koelsch, Stefan (1)
- Koenig, Julian (1)
- Kolokolova, L. (1)
- Kolorz, Franziska Maria (1)
- Kopatskaya, E. N. (1)
- Kortmann, L. (1)
- Koschny, D. (1)
- Kossakowski, Jolanda J. (1)
- Koushiappas, S. (1)
- Kovalev, Yuri Y. (1)
- Krauch, Marlene (1)
- Krause, Robert Wilhelm (1)
- Krawczynski, H. (1)
- Krijnen, Job (1)
- Krimm, H. A. (1)
- Krueger, H. (1)
- Kuhlmann, Tim (1)
- Kumral, Deniz (1)
- Kunkels, Yoram K. (1)
- Kuo, Alan (1)
- Kuss, M. (1)
- Kyc, Megan M. (1)
- La Forgia, F. (1)
- Lai, Calvin K. (1)
- Laique, Aamir (1)
- Lakens, Daniel (1)
- Lamastra, A. (1)
- Lamers, Femke (1)
- Lamy, P. L. (1)
- Lane, Kristin A. (1)
- Lara, A. (1)
- Lara, L. M. (1)
- Larionov, Valeri M. (1)
- Larsson, Stefan (1)
- Lassetter, Bethany (1)
- Latev, G. (1)
- Latronico, L. (1)
- Lauer, R. J. (1)
- Lawson, Tracy (1)
- Lazarevic, Ljiljana B. (1)
- Lazzarin, M. (1)
- LeBel, Etienne P. (1)
- Lee, Key Jung (1)
- Lee, Minha (1)
- Lee, Tae-Ho (1)
- Lee, W. H. (1)
- Leese, Florian (1)
- Lefebvre, Stephane C. (1)
- Lekander, Mats (1)
- Lemm, Kristi (1)
- Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne (1)
- Lennarz, D. (1)
- Leon Vargas, H. (1)
- Leone, Francesco (1)
- Leto, C. (1)
- Levasseur-Regourd, A. C. (1)
- Levitan, Carmel A. (1)
- Lewis, Melissa (1)
- Li, J. (1)
- Lin, C. (1)
- Lin, C. S. (1)
- Lin, Feng (1)
- Lin, Lin (1)
- Lin, Qianqian (1)
- Lin, Stephanie (1)
- Lin, Yao-Cheng (1)
- Lin, Z-Y (1)
- Lindquist, Erika (1)
- Linhoff, L. (1)
- Linnemann, J. T. (1)
- Lippold, Matthias (1)
- Lister, Matthew L. (1)
- Lobanov, Alexei (1)
- Lomsadze, Alexandre (1)
- Longinotti, A. L. (1)
- Longobardo, A. (1)
- Loparco, Francesco (1)
- Lopez-Moreno, J. J. (1)
- Lotze, Martin (1)
- Loureiro, Darren (1)
- Lovellette, M. N. (1)
- Lu, Yan (1)
- Lubrano, Pasquale (1)
- Luis-Raya, G. (1)
- Luna-Garcia, R. (1)
- Luteijn, Ilse (1)
- Maccaferri, G. (1)
- Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. (1)
- Mackinder, Luke (1)
- Mackinnon, Sean (1)
- Madejski, G. (1)
- Magill, Jeffrey D. (1)
- Mahlke, M. (1)
- Mainard, Heather N. (1)
- Makovac, Elena (1)
- Maldera, Simone (1)
- Malik, Shehre-Banoo (1)
- Mallamaci, M. (1)
- Malone, K. (1)
- Mancini, Matteo (1)
- Mancke, Falk (1)
- Mansson, Kristoffer N. T. (1)
- Manuck, Stephen B. (1)
- Marigold, Denise C. (1)
- Marinelli, S. S. (1)
- Marschall, R. (1)
- Marscher, A. P. (1)
- Marscher, Alan P. (1)
- Marsh, Mary E. (1)
- Martin, Daniel P. (1)
- Martinez, O. (1)
- Martinez, Tylar (1)
- Martinez-Castellanos, I. (1)
- Martinez-Castro, J. (1)
- Martinez-Huerta, H. (1)
- Marzari, F. (1)
- Masicampo, E. J. (1)
- Masuda, S. (1)
- Matacotta, Josh (1)
- Mather, Mara (1)
- Mathur, Maya (1)
- Matthews, J. A. (1)
- Matthews, N. (1)
- Maumus, Florian (1)
- May, Michael (1)
- Mayer, Christoph (1)
- Mazziotta, Mario Nicola (1)
- McEnery, J. E. (1)
- Mechin, Nicole (1)
- Meeten, Frances (1)
- Mehta, Pranjal (1)
- Meixner, Johannes (1)
- Melinger, Alissa (1)
- Mendez, C. Delgado (1)
- Meucci, M. (1)
- Michelson, P. F. (1)
- Migliorini, A. (1)
- Miller, Jeremy K. (1)
- Miller, John (1)
- Miller, Mallorie (1)
- Millis, J. (1)
- Min, Jungwon (1)
- Miranda-Romagnoli, P. (1)
- Mitthumsiri, W. (1)
- Mizuno, Tsunefumi (1)
- Mock, Thomas (1)
- Molina, E. (1)
- Molina, S. N. (1)
- Monier, Adam (1)
- Monzani, Maria Elena (1)
- Moore, Katherine (1)
- Moreno, E. (1)
- Mori, Y. (1)
- Morselli, Aldo (1)
- Moskalenko, Igor V. (1)
- Mostafa, M. (1)
- Mottola, S. (1)
- Motyl, Matt (1)
- Mueller, Bryon (1)
- Mueller, S. A. (1)
- Muench, Vera (1)
- Munafo, Marcus (1)
- Munar-Adrover, Pere (1)
- Munoz, A. Gonzalez (1)
- Myserlis, I. (1)
- Möschl, Marcus (1)
- Müller, Stephanie M. (1)
- Nagayoshi, T. (1)
- Nagiri, Ravi C. R. (1)
- Naletto, G. (1)
- Nalewajko, K. (1)
- Napier, Johnathan (1)
- Nayerhoda, A. (1)
- Nees, Frauke (1)
- Negro, M. (1)
- Neijenhuijs, Koen I. (1)
- Neise, D. (1)
- Nellen, L. (1)
- Neronov, A. (1)
- Nervi, Taylor (1)
- Nestoras, I. (1)
- Newbold, M. (1)
- Nga, Lin (1)
- Nicolas, Gandalf (1)
- Niedzwiecki, Andrzej (1)
- Nieto, Daniel (1)
- Nievas-Rosillos, M. (1)
- Nikiforova, A. A. (1)
- Nilsson, Kari (1)
- Nisa, M. U. (1)
- Noriega-Papaqui, R. (1)
- Nosek, Brian A. (1)
- Nowak, N. (1)
- Nuijten, Michele B. (1)
- Nuss, E. (1)
- Oberkirch, J. (1)
- Ogata, Hiroyuki (1)
- Ojha, R. (1)
- Olsson, Catherine (1)
- Omodei, Nicola (1)
- Ordonez Acuna, Daniela (1)
- Orienti, M. (1)
- Orlando, E. (1)
- Orlati, A. (1)
- Osborne, Colleen (1)
- Osnes, Berge (1)
- Ostkamp, Lutz (1)
- Ottaviani, Cristina (1)
- Pace, C. (1)
- Pagarete, Antonio (1)
- Paiano, Simona (1)
- Paliya, Vaidehi S. (1)
- Pandel, Dirk (1)
- Paravac, A. (1)
- Parker, Micaela (1)
- Partini, S. (1)
- Pavel, Misha (1)
- Pearson, R. (1)
- Pelayo, R. (1)
- Penil, P. (1)
- Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. (1)
- Penton-Voak, Ian S. (1)
- Perez-Perez, E. G. (1)
- Perna, Olivia (1)
- Pernet, Cyril (1)
- Perri, L. (1)
- Perugini, Marco (1)
- Pesce-Rollins, Melissa (1)
- Petrosian, Vahe' (1)
- Petry, D. (1)
- Pipitone, R. Nathan (1)
- Piron, F. (1)
- Pitts, Michael (1)
- Plessow, Franziska (1)
- Pohl, Manuela (1)
- Ponzio, Allison (1)
- Porter, Troy A. (1)
- Poudel, Govinda R. (1)
- Poutanen, J. (1)
- Prada, F. (1)
- Prenoveau, Jason M. (1)
- Pretz, J. (1)
- Preziuso, S. (1)
- Principe, G. (1)
- Probert, Ian (1)
- Pushkarev, A. B. (1)
- Quesneville, Hadi (1)
- Quinn, John (1)
- Quinn, M. J. (1)
- Quintana, Daniel S. (1)
- Rahal, Rima-Maria (1)
- Raines, Christine (1)
- Raino, S. (1)
- Rajotte, J. (1)
- Ramakrishnan, V. (1)
- Rando, Riccardo (1)
- Rani, B. (1)
- Ratliff, Kate A. (1)
- Razzano, Massimilano (1)
- Razzaque, Soebur (1)
- Read, Betsy A. (1)
- Readhead, A. C. R. (1)
- Reichardt, I. (1)
- Reimer, A. (1)
- Reimer, Olaf (1)
- Reinelt, Janis (1)
- Reinhard, David (1)
- Ren, Ping (1)
- Ren, Z. (1)
- Renkewitz, Frank (1)
- Rensing, Stefan A. (1)
- Reposeur, T. (1)
- Reynold, P. T. (1)
- Rho, C. D. (1)
- Riano-Pachon, Diego Mauricio (1)
- Ribo, Marc (1)
- Richards, Thomas (1)
- Richier, Sophie (1)
- Ricker, Ashley A. (1)
- Rigney, Anastasia (1)
- Rinaldi, G. (1)
- Rivers, Andrew M. (1)
- Riviere, C. (1)
- Rodrigo, R. (1)
- Roebke, Mark (1)
- Rojas, D. Avila (1)
- Rokitta, Sebastian (1)
- Ros, J. A. (1)
- Rosa-Gonzalez, D. (1)
- Rosenberg, M. (1)
- Rosillo, Mireia Nievas (1)
- Rousselle, J. (1)
- Ruegamer, S. (1)
- Rugamer, S. (1)
- Ruiz-Velasco, E. (1)
- Rutchick, Abraham M. (1)
- Ryan, Robert S. (1)
- Sadeh, I (1)
- Sadeh, Iftach (1)
- Saggion, A. (1)
- Saha, Lab (1)
- Sahakyan, Narek (1)
- Sahin, Onur (1)
- Saide, Anondah (1)
- Sakaki, Michiko (1)
- Salamov, Asaf (1)
- Salazar, H. (1)
- Salvati, M. (1)
- Sandoval, A. (1)
- Sandstrom, Gillian M. (1)
- Santos, David (1)
- Sarno, Analissa F. (1)
- Savolainen, Tuomas (1)
- Saxe, Rebecca (1)
- Schlegelmilch, Rene (1)
- Schleicher, B. (1)
- Schlenstedt, S. (1)
- Schmidt, Kathleen (1)
- Schneider, M. (1)
- Scholz, Sabine (1)
- Schreiner, Melinda Westlund (1)
- Schroeder, Declan (1)
- Schroeder, S. (1)
- Schuliz, C. (1)
- Schulz, F. (1)
- Schumann, Andy (1)
- Sedlaczek, K. (1)
- Seibel, Larissa (1)
- Selterman, Dylan Faulkner (1)
- Semkov, E. H. (1)
- Sgro, C. (1)
- Shaki, Samuel (1)
- Shi, X. (1)
- Shiraiwa, Yoshihiro (1)
- Shmutz, Jeremy (1)
- Shukla, A. (1)
- Sierks, H. (1)
- Sievers, A. (1)
- Simpson, William B. (1)
- Sinclair, H. Colleen (1)
- Sinnis, G. (1)
- Siskind, E. J. (1)
- Skorinko, Jeanine L. M. (1)
- Sliusar, V. (1)
- Slowik, Agnieszka (1)
- Smith, A. J. (1)
- Smith, A. W. (1)
- Snodgrass, C. (1)
- Snyder, Joel S. (1)
- Soanes, Darren M. (1)
- Soderberg, Courtney (1)
- Somero, A. (1)
- Sonnleitner, Carina (1)
- Sorensen, Lin (1)
- Spandre, Gloria (1)
- Specht, Karsten (1)
- Spencer, Nick (1)
- Spies, Jeffrey R. (1)
- Spinelli, P. (1)
- Springer, R. W. (1)
- Steegen, Sara (1)
- Steinke, B. (1)
- Stephen, Meera (1)
- Stern, D. (1)
- Stieger, Stefan (1)
- Stolterfoht, Martin (1)
- Straub, Joana (1)
- Strohminger, Nina (1)
- Sullivan, Gavin B. (1)
- Surajbali, P. (1)
- Suson, D. J. (1)
- Taboada, Ignacio (1)
- Tajima, Hiroyasu (1)
- Talhelm, Thomas (1)
- Tamm, Sandra (1)
- Tao, Chen (1)
- Tapia, Megan (1)
- Tavecchio, Fabrizio (1)
- Taylor, F. (1)
- Terrats, D. Garrido (1)
- Thai, Michelle (1)
- Thayer, J. B. (1)
- Thayer, Julian F. (1)
- Theiling, M. (1)
- Thomae, Manuela (1)
- Thomas, Sarah L. (1)
- Thompson, David J. (1)
- Tio, Pia (1)
- Tollefson, K. (1)
- Tornikoski, Merja (1)
- Torres, Diego F. (1)
- Torres, I. (1)
- Tosti, Gino (1)
- Toth, I (1)
- Traets, Frits (1)
- Troitskaya, Y. V. (1)
- Troitskaya, Yu. V. (1)
- Troja, Eleonora (1)
- Tsang, Steve (1)
- Tubiana, C. (1)
- Tuerlinckx, Francis (1)
- Turchan, Paul (1)
- Ubani, Benjamin (1)
- Ukwatta, Tilan N. (1)
- Ungerechts, H. (1)
- Urry, M. (1)
- Valasek, Milan (1)
- Valentin, Klaus (1)
- Valverde, J. (1)
- Van Aert, Robbie (1)
- Van de Peer, Yves (1)
- Vanpaemel, Wolf (1)
- Vazquez, Melissa (1)
- Velez, Natalia (1)
- Ventura-Bort, Carlos (1)
- Verguilov, V. (1)
- Vermue, Marieke (1)
- Verret, Frederic (1)
- Verschoor, Mark (1)
- Vianello, Giacomo (1)
- Vianello, Michelangelo (1)
- Villasenor, L. (1)
- Villringer, Arno (1)
- Vince, O. (1)
- Vincent, S. (1)
- Vogel, M. (1)
- Voracek, Martin (1)
- Vurm, Indrek (1)
- Vuu, Gina (1)
- Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan (1)
- Wagner, R. M. (1)
- Wahlund, Thomas M. (1)
- Walter, R. (1)
- Watson, David R. (1)
- Weekes, T. C. (1)
- Weerdmeester, Joanneke (1)
- Wehrle, A. E. (1)
- Wei, Luqing (1)
- Welsh, Ashlee (1)
- Wendt, Julia (1)
- Westerhoff, Stefan (1)
- Westgate, Erin C. (1)
- Westlye, Lars T. (1)
- Weymar, Mathias (1)
- Wheeler, Glen (1)
- Wilhel, A. (1)
- Wilhelmi, E. de Ona (1)
- Williams, Bryony (1)
- Wilson, Willie (1)
- Winkelmann, Tobias (1)
- Wisher, I. G. (1)
- Wissink, Joeri (1)
- Wolfe, Gordon (1)
- Wood, J. (1)
- Wood, K. (1)
- Wood, Michael (1)
- Woods, Andy (1)
- Worden, Alexandra Z. (1)
- Wright, Emily (1)
- Wu, Guo-Rong (1)
- Wu, Sining (1)
- Wurch, Louie L. (1)
- Xu, J. (1)
- Xu, Yaolin (1)
- Yapici, Tolga (1)
- Yassine, M. (1)
- Yatsu, Y. (1)
- Ye, R. (1)
- Yodh, G. (1)
- Yoo, Hyun Joo (1)
- Young, Jeremy (1)
- Zakharov, V (1)
- Zandanel, F. (1)
- Zeelenberg, Marcel (1)
- Zensus, J. A. (1)
- Zepeda, A. (1)
- Zhang, W. (1)
- Zhang, Xiaoyu (1)
- Zhou, H. (1)
- Zook, A. (1)
- Zuni, Kellylynn (1)
- akerstedt, Torbjorn (1)
- de Geus, Eco J. C. (1)
- de Ona Wilhelmi, E. (1)
- de Palma, F. (1)
- de Vargas, Colomban (1)
- de la Cruz, Feliberto (1)
- den Bezemer, Bobby (1)
- te Dorsthorst, Anniek (1)
- van Assen, Marcel (1)
- van Bork, Riet (1)
- van Der Mee, Denise J. (1)
- van Dooren, Roel (1)
- van Doorn, Johnny (1)
- van Renswoude, Daan R. (1)
- van Rijn, Hedderik (1)
- van Scherpenberg, J. (1)
- van Velzen, Laura S. (1)
- van de Ven, Mathijs (1)
- van den Bergh, Don (1)
- van der Giezen, Mark (1)
- van der Hulst, Marije (1)
- von Dassow, Peter (1)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (24)
Language
- English (24)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (24)
Keywords
- galaxies: active (4)
- gamma rays: general (4)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (3)
- gamma rays: galaxies (3)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421 (2)
- acceleration of particles (2)
- astroparticle physics (2)
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (BL Lacertae = VER J2202+422) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (HESS J1943+213, VER J1943+213) (1)
Institute
Aarts, Alexander A. ; Anderson, Joanna E. ; Anderson, Christopher J. ; Attridge, Peter R. ; Attwood, Angela ; Axt, Jordan ; Babel, Molly ; Bahnik, Stepan ; Baranski, Erica ; Barnett-Cowan, Michael ; Bartmess, Elizabeth ; Beer, Jennifer ; Bell, Raoul ; Bentley, Heather ; Beyan, Leah ; Binion, Grace ; Borsboom, Denny ; Bosch, Annick ; Bosco, Frank A. ; Bowman, Sara D. ; Brandt, Mark J. ; Braswell, Erin ; Brohmer, Hilmar ; Brown, Benjamin T. ; Brown, Kristina ; Bruening, Jovita ; Calhoun-Sauls, Ann ; Callahan, Shannon P. ; Chagnon, Elizabeth ; Chandler, Jesse ; Chartier, Christopher R. ; Cheung, Felix ; Christopherson, Cody D. ; Cillessen, Linda ; Clay, Russ ; Cleary, Hayley ; Cloud, Mark D. ; Cohn, Michael ; Cohoon, Johanna ; Columbus, Simon ; Cordes, Andreas ; Costantini, Giulio ; Alvarez, Leslie D. Cramblet ; Cremata, Ed ; Crusius, Jan ; DeCoster, Jamie ; DeGaetano, Michelle A. ; Della Penna, Nicolas ; den Bezemer, Bobby ; Deserno, Marie K. ; Devitt, Olivia ; Dewitte, Laura ; Dobolyi, David G. ; Dodson, Geneva T. ; Donnellan, M. Brent ; Donohue, Ryan ; Dore, Rebecca A. ; Dorrough, Angela ; Dreber, Anna ; Dugas, Michelle ; Dunn, Elizabeth W. ; Easey, Kayleigh ; Eboigbe, Sylvia ; Eggleston, Casey ; Embley, Jo ; Epskamp, Sacha ; Errington, Timothy M. ; Estel, Vivien ; Farach, Frank J. ; Feather, Jenelle ; Fedor, Anna ; Fernandez-Castilla, Belen ; Fiedler, Susann ; Field, James G. ; Fitneva, Stanka A. ; Flagan, Taru ; Forest, Amanda L. ; Forsell, Eskil ; Foster, Joshua D. ; Frank, Michael C. ; Frazier, Rebecca S. ; Fuchs, Heather ; Gable, Philip ; Galak, Jeff ; Galliani, Elisa Maria ; Gampa, Anup ; Garcia, Sara ; Gazarian, Douglas ; Gilbert, Elizabeth ; Giner-Sorolla, Roger ; Glöckner, Andreas ; Göllner, Lars ; Goh, Jin X. ; Goldberg, Rebecca ; Goodbourn, Patrick T. ; Gordon-McKeon, Shauna ; Gorges, Bryan ; Gorges, Jessie ; Goss, Justin ; Graham, Jesse ; Grange, James A. ; Gray, Jeremy ; Hartgerink, Chris ; Hartshorne, Joshua ; Hasselman, Fred ; Hayes, Timothy ; Heikensten, Emma ; Henninger, Felix ; Hodsoll, John ; Holubar, Taylor ; Hoogendoorn, Gea ; Humphries, Denise J. ; Hung, Cathy O. -Y. ; Immelman, Nathali ; Irsik, Vanessa C. ; Jahn, Georg ; Jaekel, Frank ; Jekel, Marc ; Johannesson, Magnus ; Johnson, Larissa G. ; Johnson, David J. ; Johnson, Kate M. ; Johnston, William J. ; Jonas, Kai ; Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A. ; Kappes, Heather Barry ; Kelso, Kim ; Kidwell, Mallory C. ; Kim, Seung Kyung ; Kirkhart, Matthew ; Kleinberg, Bennett ; Knezevic, Goran ; Kolorz, Franziska Maria ; Kossakowski, Jolanda J. ; Krause, Robert Wilhelm ; Krijnen, Job ; Kuhlmann, Tim ; Kunkels, Yoram K. ; Kyc, Megan M. ; Lai, Calvin K. ; Laique, Aamir ; Lakens, Daniel ; Lane, Kristin A. ; Lassetter, Bethany ; Lazarevic, Ljiljana B. ; LeBel, Etienne P. ; Lee, Key Jung ; Lee, Minha ; Lemm, Kristi ; Levitan, Carmel A. ; Lewis, Melissa ; Lin, Lin ; Lin, Stephanie ; Lippold, Matthias ; Loureiro, Darren ; Luteijn, Ilse ; Mackinnon, Sean ; Mainard, Heather N. ; Marigold, Denise C. ; Martin, Daniel P. ; Martinez, Tylar ; Masicampo, E. J. ; Matacotta, Josh ; Mathur, Maya ; May, Michael ; Mechin, Nicole ; Mehta, Pranjal ; Meixner, Johannes ; Melinger, Alissa ; Miller, Jeremy K. ; Miller, Mallorie ; Moore, Katherine ; Möschl, Marcus ; Motyl, Matt ; Müller, Stephanie M. ; Munafo, Marcus ; Neijenhuijs, Koen I. ; Nervi, Taylor ; Nicolas, Gandalf ; Nilsonne, Gustav ; Nosek, Brian A. ; Nuijten, Michele B. ; Olsson, Catherine ; Osborne, Colleen ; Ostkamp, Lutz ; Pavel, Misha ; Penton-Voak, Ian S. ; Perna, Olivia ; Pernet, Cyril ; Perugini, Marco ; Pipitone, R. Nathan ; Pitts, Michael ; Plessow, Franziska ; Prenoveau, Jason M. ; Rahal, Rima-Maria ; Ratliff, Kate A. ; Reinhard, David ; Renkewitz, Frank ; Ricker, Ashley A. ; Rigney, Anastasia ; Rivers, Andrew M. ; Roebke, Mark ; Rutchick, Abraham M. ; Ryan, Robert S. ; Sahin, Onur ; Saide, Anondah ; Sandstrom, Gillian M. ; Santos, David ; Saxe, Rebecca ; Schlegelmilch, Rene ; Schmidt, Kathleen ; Scholz, Sabine ; Seibel, Larissa ; Selterman, Dylan Faulkner ; Shaki, Samuel ; Simpson, William B. ; Sinclair, H. Colleen ; Skorinko, Jeanine L. M. ; Slowik, Agnieszka ; Snyder, Joel S. ; Soderberg, Courtney ; Sonnleitner, Carina ; Spencer, Nick ; Spies, Jeffrey R. ; Steegen, Sara ; Stieger, Stefan ; Strohminger, Nina ; Sullivan, Gavin B. ; Talhelm, Thomas ; Tapia, Megan ; te Dorsthorst, Anniek ; Thomae, Manuela ; Thomas, Sarah L. ; Tio, Pia ; Traets, Frits ; Tsang, Steve ; Tuerlinckx, Francis ; Turchan, Paul ; Valasek, Milan ; Van Aert, Robbie ; van Assen, Marcel ; van Bork, Riet ; van de Ven, Mathijs ; van den Bergh, Don ; van der Hulst, Marije ; van Dooren, Roel ; van Doorn, Johnny ; van Renswoude, Daan R. ; van Rijn, Hedderik ; Vanpaemel, Wolf ; Echeverria, Alejandro Vasquez ; Vazquez, Melissa ; Velez, Natalia ; Vermue, Marieke ; Verschoor, Mark ; Vianello, Michelangelo ; Voracek, Martin ; Vuu, Gina ; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan ; Weerdmeester, Joanneke ; Welsh, Ashlee ; Westgate, Erin C. ; Wissink, Joeri ; Wood, Michael ; Woods, Andy ; Wright, Emily ; Wu, Sining ; Zeelenberg, Marcel ; Zuni, Kellylynn
Reproducibility is a defining feature of science, but the extent to which it characterizes current research is unknown. We conducted replications of 100 experimental and correlational studies published in three psychology journals using high-powered designs and original materials when available. Replication effects were half the magnitude of original effects, representing a substantial decline. Ninety-seven percent of original studies had statistically significant results. Thirty-six percent of replications had statistically significant results; 47% of original effect sizes were in the 95% confidence interval of the replication effect size; 39% of effects were subjectively rated to have replicated the original result; and if no bias in original results is assumed, combining original and replication results left 68% with statistically significant effects. Correlational tests suggest that replication success was better predicted by the strength of original evidence than by characteristics of the original and replication teams.
Koenig, Julian ; Abler, Birgit ; Agartz, Ingrid ; akerstedt, Torbjorn ; Andreassen, Ole A. ; Anthony, Mia ; Baer, Karl-Juergen ; Bertsch, Katja ; Brown, Rebecca C. ; Brunner, Romuald ; Carnevali, Luca ; Critchley, Hugo D. ; Cullen, Kathryn R. ; de Geus, Eco J. C. ; de la Cruz, Feliberto ; Dziobek, Isabel ; Ferger, Marc D. ; Fischer, Hakan ; Flor, Herta ; Gaebler, Michael ; Gianaros, Peter J. ; Giummarra, Melita J. ; Greening, Steven G. ; Guendelman, Simon ; Heathers, James A. J. ; Herpertz, Sabine C. ; Hu, Mandy X. ; Jentschke, Sebastian ; Kaess, Michael ; Kaufmann, Tobias ; Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie ; Koelsch, Stefan ; Krauch, Marlene ; Kumral, Deniz ; Lamers, Femke ; Lee, Tae-Ho ; Lekander, Mats ; Lin, Feng ; Lotze, Martin ; Makovac, Elena ; Mancini, Matteo ; Mancke, Falk ; Mansson, Kristoffer N. T. ; Manuck, Stephen B. ; Mather, Mara ; Meeten, Frances ; Min, Jungwon ; Mueller, Bryon ; Muench, Vera ; Nees, Frauke ; Nga, Lin ; Nilsonne, Gustav ; Ordonez Acuna, Daniela ; Osnes, Berge ; Ottaviani, Cristina ; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. ; Ponzio, Allison ; Poudel, Govinda R. ; Reinelt, Janis ; Ren, Ping ; Sakaki, Michiko ; Schumann, Andy ; Sorensen, Lin ; Specht, Karsten ; Straub, Joana ; Tamm, Sandra ; Thai, Michelle ; Thayer, Julian F. ; Ubani, Benjamin ; van Der Mee, Denise J. ; van Velzen, Laura S. ; Ventura-Bort, Carlos ; Villringer, Arno ; Watson, David R. ; Wei, Luqing ; Wendt, Julia ; Schreiner, Melinda Westlund ; Westlye, Lars T. ; Weymar, Mathias ; Winkelmann, Tobias ; Wu, Guo-Rong ; Yoo, Hyun Joo ; Quintana, Daniel S.
Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting-state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these inconsistencies may be due to sex and age differences in HR/HRV and CT. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes, which impede the assessment of sex differences and aging effects on the association between ANS function and CT. To overcome these limitations, 20 groups worldwide contributed data collected under similar protocols of CT assessment and HR/HRV recording to be pooled in a mega-analysis (N = 1,218 (50.5% female), mean age 36.7 years (range: 12-87)). Findings suggest a decline in HRV as well as CT with increasing age. CT, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex, explained additional variance in HRV, beyond the effects of aging. This pattern of results may suggest that the decline in HRV with increasing age is related to a decline in orbitofrontal CT. These effects were independent of sex and specific to HRV; with no significant association between CT and HR. Greater CT across the adult lifespan may be vital for the maintenance of healthy cardiac regulation via the ANS-or greater cardiac vagal activity as indirectly reflected in HRV may slow brain atrophy. Findings reveal an important association between CT and cardiac parasympathetic activity with implications for healthy aging and longevity that should be studied further in longitudinal research.
Furniss, A. ; Noda, K. ; Boggs, S. ; Chiang, J. ; Christensen, F. ; Craig, W. ; Giommi, P. ; Hailey, C. ; Harisson, F. ; Madejski, G. ; Nalewajko, K. ; Perri, M. ; Stern, D. ; Urry, M. ; Verrecchia, F. ; Zhang, W. ; Ahnen, M. L. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Babic, A. ; Banerjee, B. ; Bangale, P. ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Barrio, J. A. ; Becerra Gonzalez, J. ; Bednarek, W. ; Bernardini, E. ; Biasuzzi, B. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch Bigas, O. ; Bonnefoy, S. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Borracci, F. ; Bretz, T. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Clavero, R. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Caneva, G. ; De Lotto, B. ; de Ona Wilhelmi, E. ; Delgado Mendez, C. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Prester, Dijana Dominis ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Einecke, S. ; Eisenacher Glawion, D. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Fernandez-Barral, A. ; Fidalgo, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Frantzen, K. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; Garcia Lopez, R. J. ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Garrido Terrats, D. ; Gaug, M. ; Giammaria, P. ; Godinovic, N. ; Gonzalez Munoz, A. ; Guberman, D. ; Hanabata, Y. ; Hayashida, M. ; Herrera, J. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Hughes, G. ; Idec, W. ; Kellermann, H. ; Kodani, K. ; Konno, Y. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; La Barbera, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Lewandowska, N. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; Lopez, M. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lopez-Oramas, A. ; Lorenz, E. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, M. ; Mallot, K. ; Maneva, G. ; Manganaro, M. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Marcote, B. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Menzel, U. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Moralejo, A. ; Nakajima, D. ; Neustroev, V. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Nievas Rosillo, M. ; Nilsson, K. ; Nishijima, K. ; Orito, R. ; Overkemping, A. ; Paiano, S. ; Palacio, J. ; Palatiello, M. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Paredes-Fortuny, X. ; Persic, M. ; Poutanen, J. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Reinthal, R. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Garcia, J. Rodriguez ; Saito, T. ; Saito, K. ; Satalecka, K. ; Scapin, V. ; Schultz, C. ; Schweizer, T. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Snidaric, I. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Stamerra, A. ; Steinbring, T. ; Strzys, M. ; Takalo, L. ; Takami, H. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzic, T. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Thaele, J. ; Torres, D. F. ; Toyama, T. ; Treves, A. ; Verguilov, V. ; Vovk, I. ; Will, M. ; Zanin, R. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Bugaev, V. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickinson, H. J. ; Dumm, J. ; Eisch, J. D. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Gerard, L. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hakansson, Nils ; Holder, J. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krause, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Park, N. ; Petry, D. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Ragan, K. ; Ratliff, G. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weiner, O. M. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Vince, O. ; Fuhrmann, L. ; Angelakis, E. ; Karamanavis, V. ; Myserlis, I. ; Krichbaum, T. P. ; Zensus, J. A. ; Ungerechts, H. ; Sievers, A. ; Bachev, R. ; Boettcher, Markus ; Chen, W. P. ; Damljanovic, G. ; Eswaraiah, C. ; Guver, T. ; Hovatta, T. ; Hughes, Z. ; Ibryamov, S. I. ; Joner, M. D. ; Jordan, B. ; Jorstad, S. G. ; Joshi, M. ; Kataoka, J. ; Kurtanidze, O. M. ; Kurtanidze, S. O. ; Lahteenmaki, A. ; Latev, G. ; Lin, H. C. ; Larionov, V. M. ; Mokrushina, A. A. ; Morozova, D. A. ; Nikolashvili, M. G. ; Raiteri, C. M. ; Ramakrishnan, V. ; Readhead, A. C. R. ; Sadun, A. C. ; Sigua, L. A. ; Semkov, E. H. ; Strigachev, A. ; Tammi, J. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Troitskaya, Y. V. ; Troitsky, I. S. ; Villata, M.
We report on simultaneous broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar Markarian 501 between 2013 April 1 and August 10, including the first detailed characterization of the synchrotron peak with Swift and NuSTAR. During the campaign, the nearby BL Lac object was observed in both a quiescent and an elevated state. The broadband campaign includes observations with NuSTAR, MAGIC, VERITAS, the Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope and UV Optical Telescope, various ground-based optical instruments, including the GASP-WEBT program, as well as radio observations by OVRO, Metsahovi, and the F-Gamma consortium. Some of the MAGIC observations were affected by a sand layer from the Saharan desert, and had to be corrected using event-by-event corrections derived with a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) facility. This is the first time that LIDAR information is used to produce a physics result with Cherenkov Telescope data taken during adverse atmospheric conditions, and hence sets a precedent for the current and future ground-based gamma-ray instruments. The NuSTAR instrument provides unprecedented sensitivity in hard X-rays, showing the source to display a spectral energy distribution (SED) between 3 and 79 keV consistent with a log-parabolic spectrum and hard X-ray variability on hour timescales. None (of the four extended NuSTAR observations) show evidence of the onset of inverse-Compton emission at hard X-ray energies. We apply a single-zone equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model to five simultaneous broadband SEDs. We find that the SSC model can reproduce the observed broadband states through a decrease in the magnetic field strength coinciding with an increase in the luminosity and hardness of the relativistic leptons responsible for the high-energy emission.
Aleksic, J. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Babic, A. ; Bangale, P. ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Barrio, J. A. ; Gonzalez, J. Becerra ; Bednarek, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bernardini, E. ; Bilandli, A. ; Bianch, O. ; Bock, R. K. ; Bonnefoy, S. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Borracci, F. ; Bretz, T. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Fidalgo, D. Carreto ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Caneva, G. ; De Lotto, B. ; Delgado Mendez, C. ; Doert, M. ; Dominguez, A. ; Prester, Dijana Dominis ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Einecke, S. ; Eisenacher, D. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Farina, E. ; Ferenc, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Frantzen, K. ; Fruck, C. ; Garcia Lopez, R. J. ; Garczarczyki, M. ; Garrido Terrats, D. ; Gaug, M. ; Giavitto, G. ; Godinovic, N. ; Gonzalez Munoz, A. ; Gozzini, S. R. ; Hadamek, A. ; Hadasch, D. ; Herrero, A. ; Hildebrand, D. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Idec, W. ; Kadenius, V. ; Kellermann, H. ; Knoetig, M. L. ; Krause, J. ; Kushida, J. ; La Barbera, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Lewandowska, N. ; Lindfors, E. ; Longo, F. ; Lombardi, S. ; Lopez, M. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lopez-Oramas, A. ; Lorenz, E. ; Lozano, I. ; Makariev, M. ; Mallot, K. ; Maneva, G. ; Mankuzhiyil, N. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Marcote, B. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Menzel, U. ; Meucci, M. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Moralejo, A. ; Munar-Adrover, P. ; Nakajima, D. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Nilsson, K. ; Nowak, N. ; Orito, R. ; Overkemping, A. ; Paiano, S. ; Palatiello, M. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Paredes-Fortuny, X. ; Partini, S. ; Persic, M. ; Prada, F. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Preziuso, S. ; Puljak, I. ; Reinthal, R. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Garcia, J. Rodriguez ; Ruegamer, S. ; Saggion, A. ; Saito, K. ; Salvati, M. ; Satalecka, K. ; Scalzotto, V. ; Scapin, V. ; Schuliz, C. ; Schweizer, T. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Snidaric, I. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Spanier, F. ; Stamatescu, V. ; Stamerra, A. ; Steinbring, T. ; Storz, J. ; Sun, S. ; Suric, T. ; Takalo, L. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzic, T. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Thaele, J. ; Tibolla, O. ; Torres, D. F. ; Toyama, T. ; Treves, A. ; Uellenbeck, M. ; Vogler, P. ; Wagner, R. M. ; Zandanel, F. ; Zanin, R. ; Archambault, S. ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, X. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Cui, W. ; Dumm, J. ; Eisch, J. D. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, S. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; Meagher, K. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, M. ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, M. J. ; Ragan, K. ; Rajotte, J. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rovero, A. C. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Theiling, M. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Villata, M. ; Raiteri, C. ; Aller, H. D. ; Aller, M. F. ; Chen, W. P. ; Jordan, B. ; Koptelova, E. ; Kurtanidze, O. M. ; Lahteenmaki, A. ; McBreen, B. ; Larionov, V. M. ; Lin, C. S. ; Nikolashvili, M. G. ; Angelakis, E. ; Capalbi, M. ; Carraminana, A. ; Carrasco, L. ; Cassaro, P. ; Cesarini, A. ; Fuhrmann, L. ; Giroletti, M. ; Hovatta, T. ; Krichbaum, T. P. ; Krimm, H. A. ; Max-Moerbeck, W. ; Moody, J. W. ; Maccaferri, G. ; Mori, Y. ; Nestoras, I. ; Orlati, A. ; Pace, C. ; Pearson, R. ; Perri, M. ; Readhead, A. C. S. ; Richards, J. L. ; Sadun, A. C. ; Sakamoto, T. ; Tammi, J. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Yatsu, Y. ; Zook, A.
Aims. We perform an extensive characterization of the broadband emission of Mrk 421, as well as its temporal evolution, during the non-flaring (low) state. The high brightness and nearby location (z = 0.031) of Mrk 421 make it an excellent laboratory to study blazar emission. The goal is to learn about the physical processes responsible for the typical emission of Mrk 421, which might also be extended to other blazars that are located farther away and hence are more difficult to study.
Methods. We performed a 4.5-month multi-instrument campaign on Mrk 421 between January 2009 and June 2009, which included VLBA, F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, Swift, RXTE, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, and Whipple, among other instruments and collaborations. This extensive radio to very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray dataset provides excellent temporal and energy coverage, which allows detailed studies of the evolution of the broadband spectral energy distribution.
Results. Mrk421 was found in its typical (non-flaring) activity state, with a VHE flux of about half that of the Crab Nebula, yet the light curves show significant variability at all wavelengths, the highest variability being in the X-rays. We determined the power spectral densities (PSD) at most wavelengths and found that all PSDs can be described by power-laws without a break, and with indices consistent with pink/red-noise behavior. We observed a harder-when-brighter behavior in the X-ray spectra and measured a positive correlation between VHE and X-ray fluxes with zero time lag. Such characteristics have been reported many times during flaring activity, but here they are reported for the first time in the non-flaring state. We also observed an overall anti-correlation between optical /UV and X-rays extending over the duration of the campaign.
Conclusions. The harder-when-brighter behavior in the X-ray spectra and the measured positive X-ray/VHE correlation during the 2009 multiwavelength campaign suggests that the physical processes dominating the emission during non-flaring states have similarities with those occurring during flaring activity. In particular, this observation supports leptonic scenarios as being responsible for the emission of Mrk 421 during non-flaring activity. Such a temporally extended X-ray /VHE correlation is not driven by any single flaring event, and hence is difficult to explain within the standard hadronic scenarios. The highest variability is observed in the X-ray band, which, within the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton scenario, indicates that the electron energy distribution is most variable at the highest energies.
VERITAS and Fermi-LAT Observations of TeV Gamma-Ray Sources Discovered by HAWC in the 2HWC Catalog
(2018)
Abeysekara, A. U. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Brose, Robert ; Buchovecky, M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Chromey, A. J. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, Wei ; Daniel, M. K. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Qi ; Finley, John P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, Amy ; Huetten, M. ; Hanna, David ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, Caitlin A. ; Kaaret, Philip ; Kar, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, David ; Krause, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, Reshmi ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, Adam Nepomuk ; Park, Nahee ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, Gregory T. ; Roache, E. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, Marcos ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, Karlen ; Sushch, I. ; Tyler, J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Williamson, T. J. ; Zitzer, B. ; Abdollahi, S. ; Ajello, Marco ; Baldini, Luca ; Barbiellini, G. ; Bastieri, Denis ; Bellazzini, Ronaldo ; Berenji, B. ; Bissaldi, Elisabetta ; Blandford, R. D. ; Bonino, R. ; Bottacini, E. ; Brandt, Terri J. ; Bruel, P. ; Buehler, R. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Caputo, R. ; Caraveo, P. A. ; Castro, D. ; Cavazzuti, E. ; Charles, Eric ; Chiaro, G. ; Ciprini, S. ; Cohen-Tanugi, Johann ; Costantin, D. ; Cutini, S. ; de Palma, F. ; Di Lalla, N. ; Di Mauro, M. ; Di Venere, L. ; Dominguez, A. ; Favuzzi, C. ; Fegan, S. J. ; Franckowiak, Anna ; Fukazawa, Yasushi ; Funk, Stefan ; Fusco, Piergiorgio ; Gargano, Fabio ; Gasparrini, Dario ; Giglietto, Nicola ; Giordano, F. ; Giroletti, Marcello ; Green, D. ; Grenier, I. A. ; Guillemot, L. ; Guiriec, Sylvain ; Hays, Elizabeth ; Hewitt, John W. ; Horan, D. ; Johannesson, G. ; Kensei, S. ; Kuss, M. ; Larsson, Stefan ; Latronico, L. ; Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne ; Li, J. ; Longo, Francesco ; Loparco, Francesco ; Lovellette, M. N. ; Lubrano, Pasquale ; Magill, Jeffrey D. ; Maldera, Simone ; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola ; McEnery, J. E. ; Michelson, P. F. ; Mitthumsiri, W. ; Mizuno, Tsunefumi ; Monzani, Maria Elena ; Morselli, Aldo ; Moskalenko, Igor V. ; Negro, M. ; Nuss, E. ; Ojha, R. ; Omodei, Nicola ; Orienti, M. ; Orlando, E. ; Palatiello, M. ; Paliya, Vaidehi S. ; Paneque, D. ; Perkins, Jeremy S. ; Persic, M. ; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa ; Petrosian, Vahe' ; Piron, F. ; Porter, Troy A. ; Principe, G. ; Raino, S. ; Rando, Riccardo ; Rani, B. ; Razzano, Massimilano ; Razzaque, Soebur ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, Olaf ; Reposeur, T. ; Sgro, C. ; Siskind, E. J. ; Spandre, Gloria ; Spinelli, P. ; Suson, D. J. ; Tajima, Hiroyasu ; Thayer, J. B. ; Thompson, David J. ; Torres, Diego F. ; Tosti, Gino ; Troja, Eleonora ; Valverde, J. ; Vianello, Giacomo ; Vogel, M. ; Wood, K. ; Yassine, M. ; Alfaro, R. ; Alvarez, C. ; Alvarez, J. D. ; Arceo, R. ; Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C. ; Rojas, D. Avila ; Ayala Solares, H. A. ; Becerril, A. ; Belmont-Moreno, E. ; BenZvi, S. Y. ; Bernal, A. ; Braun, J. ; Brisbois, C. ; Caballero-Mora, K. S. ; Capistran, T. ; Carraminana, A. ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Castillo, M. ; Cotti, U. ; Cotzomi, J. ; Coutino de Leon, S. ; De Leon, C. ; De la Fuente, E. ; Dichiara, S. ; Dingus, B. L. ; DuVernois, M. A. ; Diaz-Velez, J. C. ; Engel, K. ; Enriquez-Rivera, O. ; Fiorino, D. W. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fraija, N. ; Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. ; Garfias, F. ; Gonzalez Munoz, A. ; Gonzalez, M. M. ; Goodman, J. A. ; Hampel-Arias, Z. ; Harding, J. P. ; Hernandez, S. ; Hernandez-Almada, A. ; Hona, B. ; Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. ; Hui, C. M. ; Huntemeyer, P. ; Iriarte, A. ; Jardin-Blicq, A. ; Joshi, V. ; Kaufmann, S. ; Lara, A. ; Lauer, R. J. ; Lee, W. H. ; Lennarz, D. ; Leon Vargas, H. ; Linnemann, J. T. ; Longinotti, A. L. ; Luis-Raya, G. ; Luna-Garcia, R. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Malone, K. ; Marinelli, S. S. ; Martinez, O. ; Martinez-Castellanos, I. ; Martinez-Castro, J. ; Martinez-Huerta, H. ; Matthews, J. A. ; Miranda-Romagnoli, P. ; Moreno, E. ; Mostafa, M. ; Nayerhoda, A. ; Nellen, L. ; Newbold, M. ; Nisa, M. U. ; Noriega-Papaqui, R. ; Pelayo, R. ; Pretz, J. ; Perez-Perez, E. G. ; Ren, Z. ; Rho, C. D. ; Riviere, C. ; Rosa-Gonzalez, D. ; Rosenberg, M. ; Ruiz-Velasco, E. ; Salazar, H. ; Greus, F. Salesa ; Sandoval, A. ; Schneider, M. ; Arroyo, M. Seglar ; Sinnis, G. ; Smith, A. J. ; Springer, R. W. ; Surajbali, P. ; Taboada, Ignacio ; Tibolla, O. ; Tollefson, K. ; Torres, I. ; Ukwatta, Tilan N. ; Villasenor, L. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Westerhoff, Stefan ; Wisher, I. G. ; Wood, J. ; Yapici, Tolga ; Yodh, G. ; Zepeda, A. ; Zhou, H.
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) collaboration recently published their 2HWC catalog, listing 39 very high energy (VHE; >100 GeV) gamma-ray sources based on 507 days of observation. Among these, 19 sources are not associated with previously known teraelectronvolt (TeV) gamma-ray sources. We have studied 14 of these sources without known counterparts with VERITAS and Fermi-LAT. VERITAS detected weak gamma-ray emission in the 1 TeV-30 TeV band in the region of DA 495, a pulsar wind nebula coinciding with 2HWC J1953+294, confirming the discovery of the source by HAWC. We did not find any counterpart for the selected 14 new HAWC sources from our analysis of Fermi-LAT data for energies higher than 10 GeV. During the search, we detected gigaelectronvolt (GeV) gamma-ray emission coincident with a known TeV pulsar wind nebula, SNR G54.1+0.3 (VER J1930+188), and a 2HWC source, 2HWC J1930+188. The fluxes for isolated, steady sources in the 2HWC catalog are generally in good agreement with those measured by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. However, the VERITAS fluxes for SNR G54.1+0.3, DA 495, and TeV J2032+4130 are lower than those measured by HAWC, and several new HAWC sources are not detected by VERITAS. This is likely due to a change in spectral shape, source extension, or the influence of diffuse emission in the source region.
Ahnen, M. L. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Arcaro, C. ; Babic, A. ; Banerjee, B. ; Bangale, P. ; Barres de Almeida, U. ; Barrio, J. A. ; Gonzalez, J. Becerra ; Bednarek, W. ; Bernardini, E. ; Berti, A. ; Bhattacharyya, W. ; Blanch, O. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Carosi, R. ; Carosi, A. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Colak, S. M. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Cumani, P. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Lotto, B. ; Delfino, M. ; Delgado, Jose Miguel Martins ; Di Pierro, F. ; Doert, M. ; Dominguez, A. ; Prester, D. Dominis ; Doro, M. ; Glawion, D. Eisenacher ; Engelkemeier, M. ; Ramazani, V. Fallah ; Fernandez-Barral, A. ; Fidalgo, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; Lopez, R. J. Garcia ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Gaug, M. ; Giammaria, P. ; Godinovic, N. ; Gora, D. ; Guberman, D. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hahn, A. ; Hassan, T. ; Hayashida, M. ; Herrera, J. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Ishio, K. ; Konno, Y. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; Kuvezdic, D. ; Lelas, D. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; Lopez, M. ; Maggio, C. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, M. ; Maneva, G. ; Manganaro, M. ; Maraschi, L. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Menzel, U. ; Minev, M. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Moralejo, A. ; Moreno, V. ; Moretti, E. ; Nagayoshi, T. ; Neustroev, V. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Nievas Rosillo, M. ; Nigro, C. ; Nilsson, K. ; Ninci, D. ; Nishijima, K. ; Noda, K. ; Nogues, L. ; Paiano, S. ; Palacio, J. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Pedaletti, G. ; Peresano, M. ; Perri, L. ; Persic, M. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Garcia, J. R. ; Reichardt, I. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Righi, C. ; Rugliancich, A. ; Saito, T. ; Satalecka, K. ; Schroeder, S. ; Schweizer, T. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sitarek, J. ; Snidaric, I. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Stamerra, A. ; Strzys, M. ; Suric, T. ; Takalo, L. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzic, T. ; Teshima, M. ; Torres-Alba, N. ; Treves, A. ; Tsujimoto, S. ; Vanzo, G. ; Vazquez Acosta, M. ; Vovk, I. ; Ward, J. E. ; Will, M. ; Zaric, D. ; Arbet-Engels, A. ; Baack, D. ; Balbo, M. ; Biland, A. ; Blank, M. ; Bretz, T. ; Bruegge, K. ; Bulinski, M. ; Buss, J. ; Dmytriiev, A. ; Dorner, D. ; Einecke, S. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Herbst, T. ; Hildebrand, D. ; Kortmann, L. ; Linhoff, L. ; Mahlke, M. ; Mannheim, K. ; Mueller, S. A. ; Neise, D. ; Neronov, A. ; Noethe, M. ; Oberkirch, J. ; Paravac, A. ; Rhode, W. ; Schleicher, B. ; Schulz, F. ; Sedlaczek, K. ; Shukla, A. ; Sliusar, V. ; Walter, R. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Brose, Robert ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Christiansen, J. L. ; Cui, W. ; Daniel, M. K. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Gueta, O. ; Hanna, D. ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Huetten, M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krause, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rovero, A. C. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Sushch, Iurii ; Tyler, J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhel, A. ; Williams, D. A. ; Williamson, T. J. ; Zitzer, B. ; Perri, M. ; Verrecchia, F. ; Leto, C. ; Villata, M. ; Raiteri, C. M. ; Jorstad, S. G. ; Larionov, V. M. ; Blinov, D. A. ; Grishina, T. S. ; Kopatskaya, E. N. ; Larionova, E. G. ; Nikiforova, A. A. ; Morozova, D. A. ; Troitskaya, Yu. V. ; Troitsky, I. S. ; Kurtanidze, O. M. ; Nikolashvili, M. G. ; Kurtanidze, S. O. ; Kimeridze, G. N. ; Chigladze, R. A. ; Strigachev, A. ; Sadun, A. C.
Aims. We aim to characterize the multiwavelength emission from Markarian 501 (Mrk 501), quantify the energy-dependent variability, study the potential multiband correlations, and describe the temporal evolution of the broadband emission within leptonic theoretical scenarios. Methods. We organized a multiwavelength campaign to take place between March and July of 2012. Excellent temporal coverage was obtained with more than 25 instruments, including the MAGIC, FACT and VERITAS Cherenkov telescopes, the instruments on board the Swift and Fermi spacecraft, and the telescopes operated by the GASP-WEBT collaboration. Results. Mrk 501 showed a very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray flux above 0.2 TeV of similar to 0.5 times the Crab Nebula flux (CU) for most of the campaign. The highest activity occurred on 2012 June 9, when the VHE flux was similar to 3 CU, and the peak of the high-energy spectral component was found to be at similar to 2 TeV. Both the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray spectral slopes were measured to be extremely hard, with spectral indices <2 during most of the observing campaign, regardless of the X-ray and VHE flux. This study reports the hardest Mrk 501 VHE spectra measured to date. The fractional variability was found to increase with energy, with the highest variability occurring at VHE. Using the complete data set, we found correlation between the X-ray and VHE bands; however, if the June 9 flare is excluded, the correlation disappears (significance <3 sigma) despite the existence of substantial variability in the X-ray and VHE bands throughout the campaign. Conclusions. The unprecedentedly hard X-ray and VHE spectra measured imply that their low- and high-energy components peaked above 5 keV and 0.5 TeV, respectively, during a large fraction of the observing campaign, and hence that Mrk 501 behaved like an extreme high-frequency-peaked blazar (EHBL) throughout the 2012 observing season. This suggests that being an EHBL may not be a permanent characteristic of a blazar, but rather a state which may change over time. The data set acquired shows that the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of Mrk 501, and its transient evolution, is very complex, requiring, within the framework of synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models, various emission regions for a satisfactory description. Nevertheless the one-zone SSC scenario can successfully describe the segments of the SED where most energy is emitted, with a significant correlation between the electron energy density and the VHE gamma-ray activity, suggesting that most of the variability may be explained by the injection of high-energy electrons. The one-zone SSC scenario used reproduces the behavior seen between the measured X-ray and VHE gamma-ray fluxes, and predicts that the correlation becomes stronger with increasing energy of the X-rays.
Unprecedented study of the broadband emission of Mrk 421 during flaring activity in March 2010
(2015)
Aleksic, J. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Babic, A. ; Bangale, P. ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Barrio, J. A. ; Gonzalez, J. Becerra ; Bednarek, W. ; Bernardini, E. ; Biasuzzi, B. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch Bigas, O. ; Boller, A. ; Bonnefoy, S. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Borracci, F. ; Bretz, T. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Caneva, G. ; De Lotto, B. ; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona ; Mendez, C. Delgado ; Prester, Dijana Dominis ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Einecke, S. ; Eisenacher, D. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Frantzen, K. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; Lopez, R. J. Garcia ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Terrats, D. Garrido ; Gaug, M. ; Godinovic, N. ; Munoz, A. Gonzalez ; Gozzini, S. R. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hanabata, Y. ; Hayashida, M. ; Herrera, J. ; Hildebrand, D. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Hughes, G. ; Idec, W. ; Kadenius, V. ; Kellermann, H. ; Knoetig, M. L. ; Kodani, K. ; Konno, Y. ; Krause, J. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; La Barbera, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Lewandowska, N. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Lopez, M. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lopez-Oramas, A. ; Lorenz, E. ; Lozano, I. ; Makariev, M. ; Mallot, K. ; Maneva, G. ; Mankuzhiyil, N. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Marcote, B. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Menzel, U. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Moralejo, A. ; Munar-Adrover, P. ; Nakajima, D. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Nilsson, K. ; Nishijima, K. ; Noda, K. ; Orito, R. ; Overkemping, A. ; Paiano, S. ; Palatiello, M. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Paredes-Fortuny, X. ; Persic, M. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Reinthal, R. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Garcia, J. Rodriguez ; Rugamer, S. ; Saito, T. ; Saito, K. ; Satalecka, K. ; Scalzotto, V. ; Scapin, V. ; Schultz, C. ; Schweizer, T. ; Sun, S. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Snidaric, I. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Spanier, F. ; Stamatescu, V. ; Stamerra, A. ; Steinbring, T. ; Steinke, B. ; Storz, J. ; Strzys, M. ; Takalo, L. ; Takami, H. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzic, T. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Thaele, J. ; Tibolla, O. ; Torres, D. F. ; Toyama, T. ; Treves, A. ; Uellenbeck, M. ; Vogler, P. ; Zanin, R. ; Archambault, S. ; Archer, A. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xiaoming ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Cui, W. ; Eisch, J. D. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hakansson, Nils ; Holder, J. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kar, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Lang, M. J. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Millis, J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, Manuela ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rovero, A. C. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Welsing, R. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Buson, S. ; Finke, J. ; Villata, M. ; Raiteri, C. ; Aller, H. D. ; Aller, M. F. ; Cesarini, A. ; Chen, W. P. ; Gurwell, M. A. ; Jorstad, S. G. ; Kimeridze, G. N. ; Koptelova, E. ; Kurtanidze, O. M. ; Kurtanidze, S. O. ; Lahteenmaki, A. ; Larionov, V. M. ; Larionova, E. G. ; Lin, H. C. ; McBreen, B. ; Moody, J. W. ; Morozova, D. A. ; Marscher, A. P. ; Max-Moerbeck, W. ; Nikolashvili, M. G. ; Perri, M. ; Readhead, A. C. S. ; Richards, J. L. ; Ros, J. A. ; Sadun, A. C. ; Sakamoto, T. ; Sigua, L. A. ; Smith, P. S. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Troitsky, I. S. ; Wehrle, A. E. ; Jordan, B.
Context. Because of its proximity, Mrk 421 is one of the best sources on which to study the nature of BL Lac objects. Its proximity allows us to characterize its broadband spectral energy distribution (SED).
Aims. The goal is to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the broadband emission and the temporal evolution of Mrk 421. These mechanisms may also apply to more distant blazars that cannot be studied with the same level of detail.
Methods. A flare occurring in March 2010 was observed for 13 consecutive days (from MJD 55 265 to MJD 55 277) with unprecedented wavelength coverage from radio to very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-rays with MAGIC, VERITAS, Whipple, Fermi-LAT, MAXI, RXTE, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and several optical and radio telescopes. We modeled the day-scale SEDs with one-zone and two-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models, investigated the physical parameters, and evaluated whether the observed broadband SED variability can be associated with variations in the relativistic particle population.
Results. The activity of Mrk 421 initially was high and then slowly decreased during the 13-day period. The flux variability was remarkable at the X-ray and VHE bands, but it was minor or not significant at the other bands. The variability in optical polarization was also minor. These observations revealed an almost linear correlation between the X-ray flux at the 2-10 keV band and the VHE gamma-ray flux above 200 GeV, consistent with the gamma-rays being produced by inverse-Compton scattering in the Klein-Nishina regime in the framework of SSC models. The one-zone SSC model can describe the SED of each day for the 13 consecutive days reasonably well, which once more shows the success of this standard theoretical scenario to describe the SEDs of VHE BL Lacs such as Mrk 421. This flaring activity is also very well described by a two-zone SSC model, where one zone is responsible for the quiescent emission, while the other smaller zone, which is spatially separated from the first, contributes to the daily variable emission occurring at X-rays and VHE gamma-rays. The second blob is assumed to have a smaller volume and a narrow electron energy distribution with 3 x 10(4) < gamma < 6 x 10(5), where. is the Lorentz factor of the electrons. Such a two-zone scenario would naturally lead to the correlated variability at the X-ray and VHE bands without variability at the optical/UV band, as well as to shorter timescales for the variability at the X-ray and VHE bands with respect to the variability at the other bands.
Conclusions. Both the one-zone and the two-zone SSC models can describe the daily SEDs via the variation of only four or five model parameters, under the hypothesis that the variability is associated mostly with the underlying particle population. This shows that the particle acceleration and cooling mechanism that produces the radiating particles might be the main mechanism responsible for the broadband SED variations during the flaring episodes in blazars. The two-zone SSC model provides a better agreement with the observed SED at the narrow peaks of the low-and high-energy bumps during the highest activity, although the reported one-zone SSC model could be further improved by varying the parameters related to the emitting region itself (delta, B and R), in addition to the parameters related to the particle population.
Tubiana, C. ; Rinaldi, G. ; Guettler, C. ; Snodgrass, C. ; Shi, X. ; Hu, X. ; Marschall, R. ; Fulle, M. ; Bockeele-Morvan, D. ; Naletto, G. ; Capaccioni, F. ; Sierks, H. ; Arnold, G. ; Barucci, M. A. ; Bertaux, J-L ; Bertini, I ; Bodewits, D. ; Capria, M. T. ; Ciarniello, M. ; Cremonese, G. ; Crovisier, J. ; Da Deppo, V ; Debei, S. ; De Cecco, M. ; Deller, J. ; De Sanctis, M. C. ; Davidsson, B. ; Doose, L. ; Erard, S. ; Filacchione, G. ; Fink, U. ; Formisano, M. ; Fornasier, S. ; Gutierrez, P. J. ; Ip, W-H ; Ivanovski, S. ; Kappel, David ; Keller, H. U. ; Kolokolova, L. ; Koschny, D. ; Krueger, H. ; La Forgia, F. ; Lamy, P. L. ; Lara, L. M. ; Lazzarin, M. ; Levasseur-Regourd, A. C. ; Lin, Z-Y ; Longobardo, A. ; Lopez-Moreno, J. J. ; Marzari, F. ; Migliorini, A. ; Mottola, S. ; Rodrigo, R. ; Taylor, F. ; Toth, I ; Zakharov, V
Context. On 27 April 2015, when comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was at 1.76 au from the Sun and moving toward perihelion, the OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M instruments on board the Rosetta spacecraft simultaneously observed the evolving dust and gas coma during a complete rotation of the comet. Aims. We aim to characterize the spatial distribution of dust, H2O, and CO2 gas in the inner coma. To do this, we performed a quantitative analysis of the release of dust and gas and compared the observed H2O production rate with the rate we calculated using a thermophysical model. Methods. For this study we selected OSIRIS WAC images at 612 nm (dust) and VIRTIS-M image cubes at 612 nm, 2700 nm (H2O emission band), and 4200 nm (CO2 emission band). We measured the average signal in a circular annulus to study the spatial variation around the comet, and in a sector of the annulus to study temporal variation in the sunward direction with comet rotation, both at a fixed distance of 3.1 km from the comet center. Results. The spatial correlation between dust and water, both coming from the sunlit side of the comet, shows that water is the main driver of dust activity in this time period. The spatial distribution of CO2 is not correlated with water and dust. There is no strong temporal correlation between the dust brightness and water production rate as the comet rotates. The dust brightness shows a peak at 0 degrees subsolar longitude, which is not pronounced in the water production. At the same epoch, there is also a maximum in CO2 production. An excess of measured water production with respect to the value calculated using a simple thermophysical model is observed when the head lobe and regions of the southern hemisphere with strong seasonal variations are illuminated (subsolar longitude 270 degrees-50 degrees). A drastic decrease in dust production when the water production (both measured and from the model) displays a maximum occurs when typical northern consolidated regions are illuminated and the southern hemisphere regions with strong seasonal variations are instead in shadow (subsolar longitude 50 degrees-90 degrees). Possible explanations of these observations are presented and discussed.
Abeysekara, A. U. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Brill, A. ; Brose, Robert ; Buckley, J. H. ; Chromey, A. J. ; Daniel, M. K. ; Falcone, A. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, Amy ; Gent, A. ; Gillanders, Gerald H. ; Hanna, David ; Hassan, T. ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, Philip ; Kar, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, David ; Krause, Maria ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; Maier, Gernot ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, Reshmi ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, Adam Nepomuk ; Park, Nahee ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Richards, Gregory T. ; Roache, E. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, Marcos ; Schlenstedt, S. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sushch, Iurii ; Tyler, J. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, David A. ; Williamson, T. J. ; Zitzer, B. ; Acciari, V. A. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Engels, A. Arbet ; Baack, D. ; Babic, A. ; Banerjee, B. ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Barrio, J. A. ; Becerra Gonzalez, Josefa ; Bednarek, Wlodek ; Bernardini, Elisa ; Berti, A. ; Besenrieder, J. ; Bhattacharyya, W. ; Bigongiari, C. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch, O. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Busetto, G. ; Carosi, R. ; Ceribella, G. ; Cikota, S. ; Colak, S. M. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Lotto, B. ; Delfino, M. ; Delgado, J. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Do Souto Espinera, E. ; Dominguez, A. ; Prester, D. Dominis ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Einecke, S. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Ramazani, V. Fallah ; Fattorini, A. ; Fernandez-Barral, A. ; Ferrara, G. ; Fidalgo, D. ; Foffano, L. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; Gallozzi, S. ; Lopez, R. J. Garcia ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Gasparyan, S. ; Gaug, Markus ; Giammaria, P. ; Godinovic, N. ; Guberman, D. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hahn, A. ; Herrera, J. ; Hoang, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Inoue, S. ; Ishio, K. ; Iwamura, Y. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; Kuvezdic, D. ; Lamastra, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Leone, Francesco ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, Francesco ; Lopez, M. ; Lopez-Oramas, A. ; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. ; Maggio, C. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, M. ; Mallamaci, M. ; Maneva, G. ; Manganaro, M. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Masuda, S. ; Mazin, D. ; Minev, M. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Molina, E. ; Moralejo, A. ; Moreno, V. ; Moretti, E. ; Munar-Adrover, Pere ; Neustroev, V. ; Niedzwiecki, Andrzej ; Rosillo, Mireia Nievas ; Nigro, C. ; Nilsson, Kari ; Ninci, D. ; Nishijima, K. ; Noda, K. ; Nogues, L. ; Noethe, M. ; Paiano, Simona ; Palacio, J. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Pedaletti, G. ; Penil, P. ; Peresano, M. ; Persic, M. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Garcia, J. R. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, Marc ; Rico, J. ; Righi, C. ; Rugliancich, A. ; Saha, Lab ; Sahakyan, Narek ; Saito, T. ; Satalecka, K. ; Schweizer, T. ; Sitarek, J. ; Snidaric, I. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Somero, A. ; Stamerra, A. ; Strzys, M. ; Suric, T. ; Tavecchio, Fabrizio ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzic, T. ; Teshima, M. ; Torres-Alba, N. ; Tsujimoto, S. ; van Scherpenberg, J. ; Vanzo, G. ; Vazquez Acosta, M. ; Vovk, I. ; Will, M. ; Zaric, D.
We report on observations of the pulsar/Be star binary system PSR J2032+4127/MT91 213 in the energy range between 100 GeV and 20 TeV with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array and Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov telescope arrays. The binary orbit has a period of approximately 50 years, with the most recent periastron occurring on 2017 November 13. Our observations span from 18 months prior to periastron to one month after. A new point-like gamma-ray source is detected, coincident with the location of PSR J2032+4127/MT91 213. The gamma-ray light curve and spectrum are well characterized over the periastron passage. The flux is variable over at least an order of magnitude, peaking at periastron, thus providing a firm association of the TeV source with the pulsar/Be star system. Observations prior to periastron show a cutoff in the spectrum at an energy around 0.5 TeV. This result adds a new member to the small population of known TeV binaries, and it identifies only the second source of this class in which the nature and properties of the compact object are firmly established. We compare the gamma-ray results with the light curve measured with the X-ray Telescope on board the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory and with the predictions of recent theoretical models of the system. We conclude that significant revision of the models is required to explain the details of the emission that we have observed, and we discuss the relationship between the binary system and the overlapping steady extended source, TeV J2032+4130.
Dark matter constraints from a joint analysis of dwarf Spheroidal galaxy observations with VERITAS
(2017)
Archambault, S. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Bourbeau, E. ; Brantseg, T. ; Buchovecky, M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cerruti, M. ; Christiansen, J. L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Daniel, M. K. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Geringer-Sameth, A. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Hütten, M. ; Hakansson, N. ; Hanna, D. ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Hummensky, B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Koushiappas, S. ; Krause, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Pohl, M. ; Popkow, A. ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Trepanier, S. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wilcox, P. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
We present constraints on the annihilation cross section of weakly interacting massive particles dark matter based on the joint statistical analysis of four dwarf galaxies with VERITAS. These results are derived from an optimized photon weighting statistical technique that improves on standard imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACT) analyses by utilizing the spectral and spatial properties of individual photon events. We report on the results of similar to 230 hours of observations of five dwarf galaxies and the joint statistical analysis of four of the dwarf galaxies. We find no evidence of gamma-ray emission from any individual dwarf nor in the joint analysis. The derived upper limit on the dark matter annihilation cross section from the joint analysis is 1.35 x 10(-23) cm(3) s(-1) at 1 TeV for the bottom quark (b (b) over bar) final state, 2.85 x 10(-24) cm(3) s(-1) at 1 TeV for the tau lepton (tau+tau(-)) final state and 1.32 x 10-25 cm(3) s(-1) at 1 TeV for the gauge boson (gamma gamma) final state.