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- Acceleration of particles (1)
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Institut
Archambault, S. ; Aune, T. ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, Wei ; Dumm, J. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, Daniel ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Rajotte, J. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Ackermann, Margit ; Ajello, M. ; Albert, A. ; Baldini, L. ; Bastieri, D. ; Bellazzini, R. ; Bissaldi, E. ; Bregeon, Johan ; Buehler, R. ; Buson, S. ; Caliandro, G. A. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Caraveo, P. A. ; Cavazzuti, E. ; Charles, E. ; Chiang, J. ; Ciprini, S. ; Claus, R. ; Cutini, S. ; de Angelis, A. ; de Palma, F. ; Dermer, C. D. ; Digel, S. W. ; Di Venere, L. ; Drell, P. S. ; Favuzzi, C. ; Franckowiak, A. ; Fusco, P. ; Gargano, F. ; Gasparrini, D. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Giroletti, M. ; Grenier, I. A. ; Guiriec, S. ; Jogler, T. ; Kuss, M. ; Larsson, S. ; Latronico, L. ; Longo, F. ; Loparco, F. ; Lubrano, P. ; Madejski, G. M. ; Mayer, M. ; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola ; Michelson, P. F. ; Mizuno, T. ; Monzani, M. E. ; Morselli, Aldo ; Murgia, S. ; Nuss, E. ; Ohsugi, T. ; Ormes, J. F. ; Paneque, D. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Piron, F. ; Pivato, G. ; Raino, S. ; Razzano, M. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, Olaf ; Ritz, S. ; Schaal, M. ; Sgro, C. ; Siskind, E. J. ; Spinelli, P. ; Takahashi, H. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tinivella, M. ; Troja, E. ; Vianello, G. ; Werner, M. ; Wood, M.
We present deep VERITAS observations of the blazar PKS 1424+240, along with contemporaneous Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope, and Swift UV Optical Telescope data between 2009 February 19 and 2013 June 8. This blazar resides at a redshift of z >= 0.6035, displaying a significantly attenuated gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV due to photon absorption via pair-production with the extragalactic background light. We present more than 100 hr of VERITAS observations over three years, a multiwavelength light curve, and the contemporaneous spectral energy distributions. The source shows a higher flux of (2.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-7) photons m(-2) s(-1) above 120 GeV in 2009 and 2011 as compared to the flux measured in 2013, corresponding to (1.02 +/- 0.08) x 10-7 photons m(-2) s(-1) above 120 GeV. The measured differential very high energy (VHE; E >= 100 GeV) spectral indices are Gamma = 3.8 +/- 0.3, 4.3 +/- 0.6 and 4.5 +/- 0.2 in 2009, 2011, and 2013, respectively. No significant spectral change across the observation epochs is detected. We find no evidence for variability at gamma-ray opacities of greater than tau = 2, where it is postulated that any variability would be small and occur on timescales longer than a year if hadronic cosmic-ray interactions with extragalactic photon fields provide a secondary VHE photon flux. The data cannot rule out such variability due to low statistics.
Acharya, B. S. ; Aramo, C. ; Babic, A. ; Barrio, J. A. ; Baushev, Anton N. ; Tjus, J. Becker ; Berge, David ; Bohacova, M. ; Bonardi, A. ; Brown, A. ; Bugaev, V. ; Bulik, Tomasz ; Burton, M. ; Busetto, G. ; Caraveo, P. A. ; Carosi, R. ; Carr, John ; Chadwick, Paula M. ; Chudoba, J. ; Conforti, V. ; Connaughton, V. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cotter, G. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Franco, A. ; de la Calle, I. ; Lopez, R. de los Reyes ; De Lotto, B. ; De Palma, F. ; Di Girolamo, T. ; Di Giulio, C. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Dournaux, J. -L. ; Dwarkadas, Vikram V. ; Ebr, J. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Fesquet, M. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Font, L. ; Fontaine, G. ; Foerster, A. ; Füßling, Matthias ; Garcia, B. ; Lopez, R. Garcia ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Gargano, F. ; Garrido, D. ; Gaug, M. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Giuliani, A. ; Godinovic, N. ; Gonzalez, M. M. ; Grabarczyk, T. ; Hassan, T. ; Hoerandel, J. ; Hrabovsky, M. ; Hrupec, D. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Huovelin, J. ; Jamrozy, M. ; Janecek, P. ; Kaaret, P. E. ; Katz, U. ; Kaufmann, S. ; Khelifi, B. ; Kluzniak, W. ; Kocot, J. ; Komin, N. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; Lamanna, G. ; Lee, W. H. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Lohse, T. ; Lombardi, S. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lopez-Oramas, A. ; Lucarelli, F. ; Maccarone, M. C. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; Malaguti, G. ; Mandat, D. ; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola ; Meagher, K. ; Mirabal, N. ; Morselli, A. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Niemiec, J. ; Nievas, M. ; Nishijima, K. ; Nosek, D. ; Nunio, F. ; Ohishi, M. ; Ohm, S. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orito, R. ; Otte, N. ; Palatka, M. ; Pareschi, G. ; Pech, M. ; Persic, M. ; Pohl, Manuela ; Prouza, M. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Raino, S. ; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez ; Romano, Patrizia ; Rovero, A. C. ; Rudak, B. ; Schovanek, P. ; Shayduk, M. ; Siejkowski, H. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Stefanik, S. ; Stolarczyk, T. ; Szanecki, M. ; Szepieniec, T. ; Tejedor, L. A. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Teshima, M. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tibolla, O. ; Tovmassian, G. ; Travnicek, P. ; Trzeciak, M. ; Vallania, P. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vercellone, S. ; Vigorito, C. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Wojcik, P. ; Yoshikoshi, T.
Supernova remnants (SNRs) are among the most important targets for gamma-ray observatories. Being prominent non-thermal sources, they are very likely responsible for the acceleration of the bulk of Galactic cosmic rays (CRS). To firmly establish the SNR paradigm for the origin of cosmic rays, it should be confirmed that protons are indeed accelerated in, and released from, SNRs with the appropriate flux and spectrum. This can be done by detailed theoretical models which account for microphysics of acceleration and various radiation processes of hadrons and leptons. The current generation of Cherenkov telescopes has insufficient sensitivity to constrain theoretical models. A new facility, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), will have superior capabilities and may finally resolve this long standing issue of high-energy astrophysics. We want to assess the capabilities of CTA to reveal the physics of various types of SNRs in the initial 2000 years of their evolution. During this time, the efficiency to accelerate cosmic rays is highest. We perform time-dependent simulations of the hydrodynamics, the magnetic fields, the cosmic-ray acceleration, and the non-thermal emission for type Ia, Ic and IIP SNRs. We calculate the CTA response to the y-ray emission from these SNRs for various ages and distances, and we perform a realistic analysis of the simulated data. We derive distance limits for the detectability and resolvability of these SNR types at several ages. We test the ability of CTA to reconstruct their morphological and spectral parameters as a function of their distance. Finally, we estimate how well CTA data will constrain the theoretical models. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Prospects for Cherenkov Telescope Array Observations of the Young Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946
(2017)
Acero, F. ; Aloisio, R. ; Amans, J. ; Amato, Elena ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Aramo, C. ; Armstrong, T. ; Arqueros, F. ; Asano, Katsuaki ; Ashley, M. ; Backes, M. ; Balazs, C. ; Balzer, A. ; Bamba, Aya ; Barkov, Maxim ; Barrio, J. A. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bernloehr, K. ; Beshley, V. ; Bigongiari, C. ; Biland, A. ; Bilinsky, A. ; Bissaldi, Elisabetta ; Biteau, J. ; Blanch, O. ; Blasi, P. ; Blazek, J. ; Boisson, C. ; Bonanno, G. ; Bonardi, A. ; Bonavolonta, C. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Braiding, C. ; Brau-Nogue, S. ; Bregeon, J. ; Brown, A. M. ; Bugaev, V. ; Bulgarelli, A. ; Bulik, T. ; Burton, Michael ; Burtovoi, A. ; Busetto, G. ; Bottcher, M. ; Cameron, R. ; Capalbi, M. ; Caproni, Anderson ; Caraveo, P. ; Carosi, R. ; Cascone, E. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chaty, Sylvain ; Chen, A. ; Chen, X. ; Chernyakova, M. ; Chikawa, M. ; Chudoba, J. ; Cohen-Tanugi, J. ; Colafrancesco, S. ; Conforti, V. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Costa, A. ; Cotter, G. ; Covino, Stefano ; Covone, G. ; Cumani, P. ; Cusumano, G. ; Daniel, M. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Cesare, G. ; De Franco, A. ; De Frondat, F. ; Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia ; De Lisio, C. ; Lopez, R. de los Reyes ; De Lotto, B. ; de Naurois, M. ; De Palma, F. ; Del Santo, M. ; Delgado, C. ; della Volpe, D. ; Di Girolamo, T. ; Di Giulio, C. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Di Venere, L. ; Doro, M. ; Dournaux, J. ; Dumas, D. ; Dwarkadas, Vikram V. ; Diaz, C. ; Ebr, J. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Einecke, S. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Eschbach, S. ; Falceta-Goncalves, D. ; Fasola, G. ; Fedorova, E. ; Fernandez-Barral, A. ; Ferrand, Gilles ; Fesquet, M. ; Fiandrini, E. ; Fiasson, A. ; Filipovic, Miroslav D. ; Fioretti, V. ; Font, L. ; Fontaine, Gilles ; Franco, F. J. ; Freixas Coromina, L. ; Fujita, Yutaka ; Fukui, Y. ; Funk, S. ; Forster, A. ; Gadola, A. ; Lopez, R. Garcia ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Giuliani, A. ; Glicenstein, J. ; Gnatyk, R. ; Goldoni, P. ; Grabarczyk, T. ; Graciani, R. ; Graham, J. ; Grandi, P. ; Granot, Jonathan ; Green, A. J. ; Griffiths, S. ; Gunji, S. ; Hakobyan, H. ; Hara, S. ; Hassan, T. ; Hayashida, M. ; Heller, M. ; Helo, J. C. ; Hinton, J. ; Hnatyk, B. ; Huet, J. ; Huetten, M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Hussein, M. ; Horandel, J. ; Ikeno, Y. ; Inada, T. ; Inome, Y. ; Inoue, S. ; Inoue, T. ; Inoue, Y. ; Ioka, K. ; Iori, Maurizio ; Jacquemier, J. ; Janecek, P. ; Jankowsky, D. ; Jung, I. ; Kaaret, P. ; Katagiri, H. ; Kimeswenger, S. ; Kimura, Shigeo S. ; Knodlseder, J. ; Koch, B. ; Kocot, J. ; Kohri, K. ; Komin, N. ; Konno, Y. ; Kosack, K. ; Koyama, S. ; Kraus, Michaela ; Kubo, Hidetoshi ; Mezek, G. Kukec ; Kushida, J. ; La Palombara, N. ; Lalik, K. ; Lamanna, G. ; Landt, H. ; Lapington, J. ; Laporte, P. ; Lee, S. ; Lees, J. ; Lefaucheur, J. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Leto, Giuseppe ; Lindfors, E. ; Lohse, T. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; Lopez, M. ; Lucarelli, F. ; Luque-Escamilla, Pedro Luis ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Maccarone, M. C. ; Maier, G. ; Malaguti, G. ; Mandat, D. ; Maneva, G. ; Mangano, S. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Marti, J. ; Martinez, M. ; Martinez, G. ; Masuda, S. ; Maurin, G. ; Maxted, N. ; Melioli, Claudio ; Mineo, T. ; Mirabal, N. ; Mizuno, T. ; Moderski, R. ; Mohammed, M. ; Montaruli, T. ; Moralejo, A. ; Mori, K. ; Morlino, G. ; Morselli, A. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Mukherjee, R. ; Mundell, C. ; Muraishi, H. ; Murase, Kohta ; Nagataki, Shigehiro ; Nagayoshi, T. ; Naito, T. ; Nakajima, D. ; Nakamori, T. ; Nemmen, R. ; Niemiec, Jacek ; Nieto, D. ; Nievas-Rosillo, M. ; Nikolajuk, M. ; Nishijima, K. ; Noda, K. ; Nogues, L. ; Nosek, D. ; Novosyadlyj, B. ; Nozaki, S. ; Ohira, Yutaka ; Ohishi, M. ; Ohm, S. ; Okumura, A. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orito, R. ; Orlati, A. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Oya, I. ; Padovani, Marco ; Palacio, J. ; Palatka, M. ; Paredes, Josep M. ; Pavy, S. ; Persic, M. ; Petrucci, P. ; Petruk, Oleh ; Pisarski, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Porcelli, A. ; Prandini, E. ; Prast, J. ; Principe, G. ; Prouza, M. ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Puelhofer, G. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Rameez, M. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Rizi, V. ; Rodriguez, J. ; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez ; Rodriguez Vazquez, J. J. ; Romano, Patrizia ; Romeo, G. ; Rosado, J. ; Rousselle, J. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Sadeh, I. ; Safi-Harb, S. ; Saito, T. ; Sakaki, N. ; Sanchez, D. ; Sangiorgi, P. ; Sano, H. ; Santander, M. ; Sarkar, S. ; Sawada, M. ; Schioppa, E. J. ; Schoorlemmer, H. ; Schovanek, P. ; Schussler, F. ; Sergijenko, O. ; Servillat, M. ; Shalchi, A. ; Shellard, R. C. ; Siejkowski, H. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Simone, D. ; Sliusar, V. ; Sol, H. ; Stanic, S. ; Starling, R. ; Stawarz, L. ; Stefanik, S. ; Stephan, M. ; Stolarczyk, T. ; Szanecki, M. ; Szepieniec, T. ; Tagliaferri, G. ; Tajima, H. ; Takahashi, M. ; Takeda, J. ; Tanaka, M. ; Tanaka, S. ; Tejedor, L. A. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terada, Y. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Testa, V. ; Thoudam, S. ; Tokanai, F. ; Torres, D. F. ; Torresi, E. ; Tosti, G. ; Townsley, C. ; Travnicek, P. ; Trichard, C. ; Trifoglio, M. ; Tsujimoto, S. ; Vagelli, V. ; Vallania, P. ; Valore, L. ; van Driel, W. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vandenbroucke, Justin ; Vassiliev, V. ; Vecchi, M. ; Vercellone, Stefano ; Vergani, S. ; Vigorito, C. ; Vorobiov, S. ; Vrastil, M. ; Vazquez Acosta, M. L. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Wagner, R. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Walter, R. ; Ward, J. E. ; Watson, J. J. ; Weinstein, A. ; White, M. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Wilcox, P. ; Williams, D. A. ; Wischnewski, R. ; Wojcik, P. ; Yamamoto, T. ; Yamamoto, H. ; Yamazaki, Ryo ; Yanagita, S. ; Yang, L. ; Yoshida, T. ; Yoshida, M. ; Yoshiike, S. ; Yoshikoshi, T. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zampieri, L. ; Zanin, R. ; Zavrtanik, M. ; Zavrtanik, D. ; Zdziarski, A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zechlin, Hannes ; Zhdanov, V. ; Ziegler, A. ; Zorn, J.
We perform simulations for future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observations of RX J1713.7-3946, a young supernova remnant (SNR) and one of the brightest sources ever discovered in very high energy (VHE) gamma rays. Special attention is paid to exploring possible spatial (anti) correlations of gamma rays with emission at other wavelengths, in particular X-rays and CO/H I emission. We present a series of simulated images of RX J1713.7-3946 for CTA based on a set of observationally motivated models for the gamma-ray emission. In these models, VHE gamma rays produced by high-energy electrons are assumed to trace the nonthermal X-ray emission observed by XMM-Newton, whereas those originating from relativistic protons delineate the local gas distributions. The local atomic and molecular gas distributions are deduced by the NANTEN team from CO and H I observations. Our primary goal is to show how one can distinguish the emission mechanism(s) of the gamma rays (i.e., hadronic versus leptonic, or a mixture of the two) through information provided by their spatial distribution, spectra, and time variation. This work is the first attempt to quantitatively evaluate the capabilities of CTA to achieve various proposed scientific goals by observing this important cosmic particle accelerator.
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