Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (60)
Author
- Maier, G. (60)
- Wakely, S. P. (60)
- Bugaev, V. (59)
- Ong, R. A. (59)
- Kaaret, P. (58)
- Finley, J. P. (57)
- Fortson, L. (57)
- Holder, J. (57)
- Williams, D. A. (57)
- Benbow, W. (56)
- Kieda, D. (56)
- Moriarty, P. (56)
- Reynolds, P. T. (56)
- Roache, E. (56)
- Ragan, K. (55)
- Sembroski, G. H. (55)
- Weinstein, A. (55)
- Cui, W. (54)
- Falcone, A. (54)
- Furniss, A. (54)
- Mukherjee, R. (54)
- Quinn, J. (54)
- Humensky, T. B. (53)
- Otte, A. N. (53)
- Griffin, S. (51)
- Grube, J. (51)
- Kertzman, M. (51)
- Hanna, D. (50)
- Zitzer, B. (50)
- Krennrich, F. (49)
- Lang, M. J. (49)
- Buckley, J. H. (48)
- Ciupik, L. (48)
- Gyuk, G. (48)
- McArthur, S. (48)
- Park, N. (48)
- Telezhinsky, Igor O. (48)
- Connolly, M. P. (46)
- Staszak, D. (46)
- Feng, Q. (45)
- McCann, A. (45)
- Hughes, G. (41)
- Pohl, Martin (41)
- Gillanders, G. H. (40)
- Varlotta, A. (40)
- Beilicke, M. (39)
- Errando, M. (39)
- Prokoph, H. (39)
- Galante, N. (38)
- Reyes, L. C. (38)
- Tyler, J. (38)
- Vincent, S. (37)
- Perkins, J. S. (36)
- Popkow, A. (36)
- Krawczynski, H. (35)
- Richards, G. T. (35)
- Archambault, S. (34)
- Aune, T. (34)
- Smith, A. W. (34)
- Bird, R. (33)
- Cerruti, M. (33)
- Nieto, D. (33)
- Majumdar, P. (32)
- Byrum, K. (31)
- Dumm, J. (31)
- Theiling, M. (31)
- Bouvier, A. (30)
- Khassen, Y. (30)
- Aliu, E. (29)
- Madhavan, A. S. (29)
- Welsing, R. (28)
- Weekes, T. C. (27)
- Arlen, T. (26)
- Cesarini, A. (26)
- Fleischhack, H. (26)
- Gall, D. (25)
- Johnson, C. A. (25)
- Vassiliev, V. V. (25)
- Shahinyan, K. (24)
- Collins-Hughes, E. (23)
- Fortin, P. (23)
- Orr, M. (23)
- Tucci, J. V. (23)
- Saxon, D. B. (22)
- Dickherber, R. (21)
- Meagher, K. (21)
- Tesic, G. (21)
- Wilhelm, Alina (21)
- Archer, A. (20)
- Berger, K. (20)
- Chen, Xuhui (20)
- Kar, P. (20)
- Pueschel, Elisa (20)
- Duke, C. (19)
- Godambe, S. (19)
- Karlsson, N. (19)
- Kumar, S. (19)
- Federici, Simone (18)
- Finnegan, G. (18)
- Griffiths, S. T. (18)
- Schroedter, M. (18)
- Thibadeau, S. (18)
- Krause, M. (17)
- Pichel, A. (17)
- Tsurusaki, K. (17)
- Ward, J. E. (17)
- Cardenzana, J. V. (16)
- Skole, C. (16)
- Behera, B. (15)
- Buchovecky, M. (15)
- Cannon, A. (15)
- Eisch, J. D. (15)
- Santander, M. (15)
- Vivier, M. (15)
- Bradbury, S. M. (14)
- Dickinson, H. J. (14)
- Huan, H. (14)
- Rose, H. J. (14)
- Weisgarber, T. (14)
- Kelley-Hoskins, N. (13)
- Millis, J. (13)
- Pohl, M. (13)
- Rajotte, J. (13)
- Huetten, M. (12)
- Pandel, D. (12)
- Paneque, D. (12)
- Rulten, C. (12)
- Ruppel, J. (12)
- Barrio, J. A. (11)
- Contreras, J. L. (11)
- Dazzi, F. (11)
- De Lotto, B. (11)
- Lindfors, E. (11)
- Lombardi, S. (11)
- Persic, M. (11)
- Rovero, A. C. (11)
- Teshima, M. (11)
- Weiner, O. M. (11)
- Antonelli, L. A. (10)
- Barnacka, Anna (10)
- Biteau, Jonathan (10)
- Boettcher, Markus (10)
- Doro, M. (10)
- Font, L. (10)
- Hakansson, Nils (10)
- Hrupec, D. (10)
- Hui, C. M. (10)
- Maneva, G. (10)
- Martinez, M. (10)
- Prandini, E. (10)
- Ribo, M. (10)
- Rico, J. (10)
- Sadeh, I. (10)
- Sillanpaa, A. (10)
- Temnikov, P. (10)
- Zajczyk, A. (10)
- Bednarek, W. (9)
- Biland, A. (9)
- Bonnoli, G. (9)
- Bretz, T. (9)
- Carosi, A. (9)
- Colin, P. (9)
- Cortina, J. (9)
- Covino, S. (9)
- Dorner, D. (9)
- Federici, S. (9)
- Gaug, M. (9)
- Kushida, J. (9)
- Lopez, M. (9)
- Mariotti, M. (9)
- Mazin, D. (9)
- Miranda, J. M. (9)
- Mirzoyan, R. (9)
- Moralejo, A. (9)
- Nelson, T. (9)
- Orito, R. (9)
- Paoletti, R. (9)
- Paredes, J. M. (9)
- Rhode, W. (9)
- Schweizer, T. (9)
- Sentuerk, G. D. (9)
- Sitarek, J. (9)
- Sobczynska, D. (9)
- Stamerra, A. (9)
- Takalo, L. (9)
- Wilcox, P. (9)
- de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain (9)
- Antoranz, P. (8)
- Christiansen, J. L. (8)
- Daniel, M. K. (8)
- De Angelis, A. (8)
- Doert, M. (8)
- Dwarkadas, Vikram V. (8)
- Elsaesser, D. (8)
- Fruck, C. (8)
- Garczarczyk, M. (8)
- Godinovic, N. (8)
- Hadasch, D. (8)
- Hervet, O. (8)
- Lee, K. (8)
- Mannheim, K. (8)
- Nilsson, K. (8)
- Petrashyk, A. (8)
- Puljak, I. (8)
- Satalecka, K. (8)
- Sheidaei, F. (8)
- Torres, D. F. (8)
- Zanin, R. (8)
- Babic, A. (7)
- Bernardini, E. (7)
- Carmona, E. (7)
- Colombo, E. (7)
- Di Pierro, F. (7)
- Einecke, S. (7)
- Fonseca, M. V. (7)
- Giavitto, G. (7)
- Guenette, R. (7)
- Hayashida, M. (7)
- Hose, J. (7)
- La Barbera, A. (7)
- Lelas, D. (7)
- Longo, F. (7)
- Lopez-Coto, R. (7)
- Lorenz, E. (7)
- Maraschi, L. (7)
- Moroni, P. G. Prada (7)
- Niedzwiecki, A. (7)
- Nishijima, K. (7)
- Paiano, S. (7)
- Pelassa, V. (7)
- Rousselle, J. (7)
- Saito, K. (7)
- Saito, T. (7)
- Scapin, V. (7)
- Schultz, C. (7)
- Shore, S. N. (7)
- Suric, T. (7)
- Tavecchio, F. (7)
- Terzic, T. (7)
- Tescaro, D. (7)
- Tornikoski, M. (7)
- Wood, M. (7)
- Aleksic, J. (6)
- Blanch Bigas, O. (6)
- Dominguez, A. (6)
- Egberts, Kathrin (6)
- Ferenc, D. (6)
- Giroletti, M. (6)
- Herrero, A. (6)
- Krause, J. (6)
- Kubo, H. (6)
- Kurtanidze, O. M. (6)
- Lahteenmaki, A. (6)
- Lamanna, G. (6)
- Larionov, V. M. (6)
- Lin, T. T. Y. (6)
- Lohse, T. (6)
- Makariev, M. (6)
- Meucci, M. (6)
- Moulin, Emmanuel (6)
- Nakajima, D. (6)
- Nikolashvili, M. G. (6)
- Oya, I. (6)
- Perri, M. (6)
- Prester, Dijana Dominis (6)
- Quirrenbach, A. (6)
- Raiteri, C. M. (6)
- Ratliff, G. (6)
- Reimer, A. (6)
- Reimer, O. (6)
- Reinthal, R. (6)
- Rudak, B. (6)
- Saggion, A. (6)
- Scalzotto, V. (6)
- Spanier, F. (6)
- Stawarz, L. (6)
- Tibolla, O. (6)
- Treves, A. (6)
- Villata, M. (6)
- Wierzcholska, A. (6)
- de Almeida, U. Barres (6)
- van Eldik, C. (6)
- Abeysekara, A. U. (5)
- Acciari, V. A. (5)
- Ansoldi, S. (5)
- Bangale, P. (5)
- Bastieri, D. (5)
- Becerra Gonzalez, J. (5)
- Brose, Robert (5)
- Bulik, Tomasz (5)
- Buson, S. (5)
- Capalbi, M. (5)
- Chen, W. P. (5)
- Chen, X. (5)
- Chiang, J. (5)
- Conrad, Jan (5)
- Da Vela, P. (5)
- Decerprit, G. (5)
- Flinders, A. (5)
- Foerster, A. (5)
- Fontaine, G. (5)
- Fuhrmann, L. (5)
- Garcia Lopez, R. J. (5)
- Gerard, L. (5)
- Giebels, B. (5)
- Gonzalez Munoz, A. (5)
- Gonzalez, J. Becerra (5)
- Hassan, T. (5)
- Hildebrand, D. (5)
- Horan, D. (5)
- Jogler, T. (5)
- Jung, I. (5)
- Khelifi, B. (5)
- Kluzniak, W. (5)
- Konno, Y. (5)
- Kosack, K. (5)
- Kovalev, Y. Y. (5)
- LeBohec, S. (5)
- Lenain, J. -P. (5)
- Lopez-Oramas, A. (5)
- Max-Moerbeck, W. (5)
- Menzel, U. (5)
- Mizuno, T. (5)
- Moderski, R. (5)
- Niemiec, J. (5)
- Ohm, S. (5)
- Ostrowski, M. (5)
- Pedaletti, G. (5)
- Pohl, Manuela (5)
- Renaud, M. (5)
- Sadun, A. C. (5)
- Shayduk, M. (5)
- Snidaric, I. (5)
- Sol, H. (5)
- Tibaldo, L. (5)
- Vogler, P. (5)
- Wagner, R. M. (5)
- Weitzel, Q. (5)
- White, R. (5)
- Zech, Alraune (5)
- de Naurois, M. (5)
- Aharonian, Felix A. (4)
- Ajello, M. (4)
- Akhperjanian, A. G. (4)
- Aller, H. D. (4)
- Aller, M. F. (4)
- Angelakis, E. (4)
- Arribas, M. Paz (4)
- Becherini, Yvonne (4)
- Berdyugin, A. (4)
- Bernlöhr, K. (4)
- Birsin, E. (4)
- Bissaldi, E. (4)
- Bock, R. K. (4)
- Boisson, Catherine (4)
- Bolmont, J. (4)
- Bonardi, A. (4)
- Bonnefoy, S. (4)
- Bordas, Pol (4)
- Borracci, F. (4)
- Braun, I. (4)
- Brun, Pierre (4)
- Buehler, R. (4)
- Busetto, G. (4)
- Cameron, R. A. (4)
- Caraveo, P. A. (4)
- Chadwick, Paula M. (4)
- Connaughton, V. (4)
- Cotter, G. (4)
- Deil, C. (4)
- Delgado Mendez, C. (4)
- Djannati-Ataï, A. (4)
- Domainko, W. (4)
- Dubus, G. (4)
- Dyks, J. (4)
- Dyrda, M. (4)
- Farnier, C. (4)
- Fegan, S. (4)
- Feinstein, F. (4)
- Fernandez-Barral, A. (4)
- Fiasson, A. (4)
- Frantzen, K. (4)
- Fumagalli, M. (4)
- Funk, S. (4)
- Garrido, D. (4)
- Giglietto, N. (4)
- Giordano, F. (4)
- Henri, G. (4)
- Hermann, G. (4)
- Hofmann, W. (4)
- Hofverberg, P. (4)
- Horns, D. (4)
- Hovatta, T. (4)
- Hutten, M. (4)
- Idec, W. (4)
- Imran, A. (4)
- Jacholkowska, A. (4)
- Jamrozy, M. (4)
- Katagiri, H. (4)
- Katarzynski, K. (4)
- Katz, U. (4)
- Klepser, S. (4)
- Kodani, K. (4)
- Komin, N. (4)
- Kopatskaya, E. N. (4)
- Koptelova, E. (4)
- Kraehenbuehl, T. (4)
- Krichbaum, T. P. (4)
- Kurtanidze, S. O. (4)
- Lister, M. L. (4)
- Lopatin, A. (4)
- Lyutikov, M. (4)
- Maccarone, M. C. (4)
- Mallot, K. (4)
- Mankuzhiyil, N. (4)
- Marcote, B. (4)
- Marcowith, Alexandre (4)
- Mirabal, N. (4)
- Morozova, D. A. (4)
- Naumann, C. L. (4)
- Neustroev, V. (4)
- Nguyen, T. (4)
- Noda, K. (4)
- Nowak, N. (4)
- Ohishi, M. (4)
- Okumura, A. (4)
- Orlati, A. (4)
- Otte, N. (4)
- Overkemping, A. (4)
- Palacio, J. (4)
- Palatiello, M. (4)
- Panter, M. (4)
- Paredes-Fortuny, X. (4)
- Partini, S. (4)
- Pita, S. (4)
- Prada, F. (4)
- Puehlhofer, G. (4)
- Punch, M. (4)
- Pushkarev, A. B. (4)
- Raue, M. (4)
- Richards, J. L. (4)
- Rieger, F. (4)
- Ripken, J. (4)
- Rob, L. (4)
- Romano, Patrizia (4)
- Ruegamer, S. (4)
- Salvati, M. (4)
- Santangelo, A. (4)
- Schlickeiser, R. (4)
- Schulz, A. (4)
- Schwanke, U. (4)
- Schwarzburg, S. (4)
- Stamatescu, V. (4)
- Steenkamp, R. (4)
- Stegmann, Christian (4)
- Steinbring, T. (4)
- Stinzing, F. (4)
- Storz, J. (4)
- Sun, S. (4)
- Szanecki, M. (4)
- Szepieniec, T. (4)
- Szostek, A. (4)
- Takahashi, H. (4)
- Takami, H. (4)
- Tavernet, J. -P. (4)
- Tejedor, L. A. (4)
- Terrier, R. (4)
- Thaele, J. (4)
- Tluczykont, M. (4)
- Tosti, G. (4)
- Toyama, T. (4)
- Troitsky, I. S. (4)
- Vallania, P. (4)
- Vankov, H. (4)
- Vasileiadis, G. (4)
- Vincent, P. (4)
- Vorobiov, S. (4)
- Wagner, S. J. (4)
- Walter, R. (4)
- Wilhelmi, E. de Ona (4)
- Yoshikoshi, T. (4)
- Zabalza, V. (4)
- Zacharias, M. (4)
- Zandanel, F. (4)
- Ahnen, M. L. (3)
- Banerjee, B. (3)
- Bechtol, K. C. (3)
- Benbow, Wystan (3)
- Bird, Ralph (3)
- Blanch, O. (3)
- Blinov, D. A. (3)
- Bonanno, G. (3)
- Bourbeau, E. (3)
- Brau-Nogue, S. (3)
- Böttcher, Markus (3)
- Carosi, R. (3)
- Carr, John (3)
- Carrasco, L. (3)
- Carrigan, Svenja (3)
- Casanova, Sabrina (3)
- Cassaro, P. (3)
- Chatterjee, A. (3)
- Chikawa, M. (3)
- Chudoba, J. (3)
- Cillis, A. N. (3)
- Ciprini, S. (3)
- Cohen-Tanugi, J. (3)
- Conforti, V. (3)
- Coppi, P. (3)
- Cusumano, G. (3)
- De Caneva, G. (3)
- Delgado, C. (3)
- Diaz, C. (3)
- Dubois, R. (3)
- Ebr, J. (3)
- Efimova, N. V. (3)
- Eger, P. (3)
- Fesquet, M. (3)
- Fidalgo, D. (3)
- Fukazawa, Y. (3)
- Gadola, A. (3)
- Galindo, D. (3)
- Garcia, B. (3)
- Garcia, J. Rodriguez (3)
- Gargano, F. (3)
- Garrido Terrats, D. (3)
- Giammaria, P. (3)
- Giuliani, A. (3)
- Glanzman, T. (3)
- Gotthelf, E. V. (3)
- Graciani, R. (3)
- Grudzinska, M. (3)
- Guberman, D. (3)
- Gunji, S. (3)
- Gurwell, M. A. (3)
- Hahn, J. (3)
- Hakansson, N. (3)
- Hara, S. (3)
- Herrera, J. (3)
- Hinton, James Anthony (3)
- Huber, B. (3)
- Inoue, S. (3)
- Inoue, Y. (3)
- Ioka, K. (3)
- Janiak, M. (3)
- Jordan, B. (3)
- Jorstad, S. G. (3)
- Kataoka, J. (3)
- Kaufmann, S. (3)
- Kellermann, H. (3)
- Kimeridze, G. N. (3)
- Kneiske, T. (3)
- Knoedlseder, J. (3)
- Kocot, J. (3)
- Kohri, K. (3)
- Kossakowski, R. (3)
- Kovalev, Yu. A. (3)
- Krimm, H. A. (3)
- Laporte, P. (3)
- Larionova, E. G. (3)
- Lewandowska, N. (3)
- Lopez, R. de los Reyes (3)
- Lucarelli, F. (3)
- Maccaferri, G. (3)
- Madejski, G. M. (3)
- Malaguti, G. (3)
- Mandat, D. (3)
- Manganaro, M. (3)
- Martinez, G. (3)
- Maurin, G. (3)
- Maxted, N. (3)
- Mayer, M. (3)
- Mazziotta, Mario Nicola (3)
- McComb, T. J. L. (3)
- Mehault, J. (3)
- Mineo, T. (3)
- Moody, J. W. (3)
- Mori, K. (3)
- Mori, Y. (3)
- Morselli, A. (3)
- Munar-Adrover, P. (3)
- Muraishi, H. (3)
- Naito, T. (3)
- Nakamori, T. (3)
- Naumann-Godo, M. (3)
- Nedbal, D. (3)
- Nestoras, I. (3)
- Nogues, L. (3)
- Nolan, S. J. (3)
- Nosek, D. (3)
- Nunez, P. D. (3)
- Pace, C. (3)
- Palatka, M. (3)
- Pareschi, G. (3)
- Pearson, R. (3)
- Peyaud, B. (3)
- Poutanen, J. (3)
- Prochaska, J. X. (3)
- Prouza, M. (3)
- Raino, S. (3)
- Rando, R. (3)
- Readhead, A. C. S. (3)
- Reichardt, I. (3)
- Rosier-Lees, S. (3)
- Rowell, G. (3)
- Rulten, C. B. (3)
- Sahakian, V. (3)
- Sakaki, N. (3)
- Sakamoto, T. (3)
- Sarkar, S. (3)
- Schovanek, P. (3)
- Schwemmer, S. (3)
- Senturk, G. D. (3)
- Shellard, R. C. (3)
- Sigua, L. A. (3)
- Slane, P. (3)
- Smith, P. S. (3)
- Strzys, M. (3)
- Sushch, Iurii (3)
- Tagliaferri, G. (3)
- Tajima, H. (3)
- Tammi, J. (3)
- Tanaka, M. (3)
- Terada, Y. (3)
- Testa, V. (3)
- Tjus, J. Becker (3)
- Tokanai, F. (3)
- Travnicek, P. (3)
- Vercellone, S. (3)
- Vialle, J. P. (3)
- Viana, A. (3)
- Volpe, F. (3)
- Vovk, I. (3)
- Wagner, R. G. (3)
- Will, M. (3)
- Wischnewski, R. (3)
- Yamamoto, T. (3)
- Yanagita, S. (3)
- Yatsu, Y. (3)
- Yoshida, T. (3)
- Zdziarski, A. (3)
- Zensus, J. A. (3)
- Zook, A. (3)
- Abramowski, Attila (2)
- Acero, F. (2)
- Acharya, B. S. (2)
- Ackermann, Margit (2)
- Actis, M. (2)
- Agnetta, G. (2)
- Allafort, A. J. (2)
- Allan, D. (2)
- Allekotte, I. (2)
- Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan (2)
- Anton, Gisela (2)
- Aramo, C. (2)
- Aravantinos, A. (2)
- Arkharov, A. A. (2)
- Armstrong, T. (2)
- Arnaldi, H. (2)
- Asano, K. (2)
- Asorey, H. G. (2)
- Backes, Michael (2)
- Baehr, J. (2)
- Bais, A. (2)
- Baixeras, C. (2)
- Bajtlik, S. (2)
- Balbo, M. (2)
- Baldini, L. (2)
- Balis, D. (2)
- Balzer, Arnim (2)
- Bamba, A. (2)
- Barbier, C. (2)
- Barcelo, M. (2)
- Baring, M. G. (2)
- Barnstedt, Jürgen (2)
- Barres de Almeida, U. (2)
- Basso, S. (2)
- Bauer, C. (2)
- Baushev, Anton N. (2)
- Becker, J. (2)
- Beckmann, Volker (2)
- Bellazzini, R. (2)
- Belluso, M. (2)
- Berdugo, J. (2)
- Bernardino, T. (2)
- Berti, A. (2)
- Biasuzzi, B. (2)
- Bigongiari, C. (2)
- Billotta, S. (2)
- Bird, T. (2)
- Blake, S. (2)
- Blasi, P. (2)
- Bobkov, A. A. (2)
- Bogacz, L. (2)
- Bogdan, M. (2)
- Boix Gargallo, J. (2)
- Boller, A. (2)
- Bonev, T. (2)
- Borgland, A. W. (2)
- Borkowski, Janett (2)
- Botner, O. (2)
- Bottani, A. (2)
- Bourgeat, M. (2)
- Boutonnet, C. (2)
- Bregeon, Johan (2)
- Briggs, M. S. (2)
- Brucker, J. (2)
- Brun, Francois (2)
- Brunetti, L. (2)
- Bulgarelli, A. (2)
- Cailles, M. (2)
- Calcidese, P. (2)
- Caliandro, G. A. (2)
- Canestrari, R. (2)
- Cantu, S. (2)
- Carraminana, A. (2)
- Carton, P. H. (2)
- Casiraghi, M. (2)
- Catalano, O. (2)
- Cavazzani, S. (2)
- Cavazzuti, E. (2)
- Cazaux, S. (2)
- Charles, E. (2)
- Chaves, Ryan C. G. (2)
- Cheesebrough, A. (2)
- Chernyakova, M. (2)
- Cheung, C. C. (2)
- Chigladze, R. A. (2)
- Cieslar, M. (2)
- Claus, R. (2)
- Clavero, R. (2)
- Colafrancesco, Sergio (2)
- Cologna, Gabriele (2)
- Compin, M. (2)
- Conconi, P. (2)
- Corona, P. (2)
- Corti, D. (2)
- Cossio, L. (2)
- Costantini, H. (2)
- Courty, B. (2)
- Couturier, S. (2)
- Croston, J. (2)
- Cumani, P. (2)
- Cutini, S. (2)
- Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia (2)
- Dalton, M. (2)
- Daniel, M. (2)
- Davids, I. D. (2)
- De Franco, A. (2)
- De Frondat, F. (2)
- De Palma, F. (2)
- Degrange, B. (2)
- Delagnes, E. (2)
- Deleglise, G. (2)
- Dermer, C. D. (2)
- Di Girolamo, T. (2)
- Di Giulio, C. (2)
- Di Venere, L. (2)
- Dick, J. (2)
- Dickinson, H. (2)
- Digel, S. W. (2)
- Dimitrov, D. (2)
- Disset, G. (2)
- Dournaux, J. -L. (2)
- Dravins, D. (2)
- Drell, P. S. (2)
- Drury, L. (2)
- Dubois, F. (2)
- Dufour, C. (2)
- Dumas, D. (2)
- Durand, D. (2)
- Dutson, K. (2)
- Edy, E. (2)
- Eisenacher, D. (2)
- Eleftheriadis, C. (2)
- Elles, S. (2)
- Emmanoulopoulos, D. (2)
- Engelkemeier, M. (2)
- Enomoto, R. (2)
- Espigat, P. (2)
- Etchegoyen, A. (2)
- Farakos, K. (2)
- Farina, E. (2)
- Fasola, G. (2)
- Favuzzi, C. (2)
- Fegan, S. J. (2)
- Fernandes, M. V. (2)
- Fernandez, G. Rodriguez (2)
- Fidalgo, D. Carreto (2)
- Fillin-Martino, E. (2)
- Fink, D. (2)
- Finley, C. (2)
- Florin, D. (2)
- Foehr, C. (2)
- Fokitis, E. (2)
- Fouque, N. (2)
- Franckowiak, A. (2)
- Fransson, C. (2)
- Fresnillo, L. (2)
- Fuessling, M. (2)
- Fujita, Y. (2)
- Fukui, Y. (2)
- Fusco, P. (2)
- Gabici, S. (2)
- Gaebele, W. (2)
- Gallant, Y. (2)
- Gallant, Y. A. (2)
- Garrido, L. (2)
- Gascon, D. (2)
- Gasparrini, D. (2)
- Gaweda, J. (2)
- Geffroy, N. (2)
- Ghedina, A. (2)
- Ghigo, M. (2)
- Giarrusso, S. (2)
- Giommi, P. (2)
- Giro, E. (2)
- Glawion, D. Eisenacher (2)
- Glicenstein, J. -F. (2)
- Glicenstein, J. F. (2)
- Golev, V. (2)
- Gomez Berisso, M. (2)
- Gonzalez, A. (2)
- Gonzalez, F. (2)
- Gonzalez, M. M. (2)
- Gora, D. (2)
- Gozzini, S. R. (2)
- Grabarczyk, T. (2)
- Grandi, P. (2)
- Granena, F. (2)
- Granot, J. (2)
- Gredig, R. (2)
- Green, A. (2)
- Greenshaw, T. (2)
- Grenier, I. A. (2)
- Grimm, O. (2)
- Grishina, T. S. (2)
- Grygorczuk, J. (2)
- Guarino, V. (2)
- Guiriec, S. (2)
- Hadamek, A. (2)
- Haeffner, S. (2)
- Haefner, D. (2)
- Hagiwara, R. (2)
- Hahn, A. (2)
- Hallgren, A. (2)
- Hanabata, Y. (2)
- Hardcastle, M. J. (2)
- Harris, J. (2)
- Haubold, T. (2)
- Hauser, M. (2)
- Heinzelmann, G. (2)
- Heller, R. (2)
- Hinton, J. (2)
- Hoehne-Moench, D. (2)
- Hoffmann, D. (2)
- Holler, M. (2)
- Hrabovsky, M. (2)
- Huet, J. -M. (2)
- Huovelin, J. (2)
- Ibarra, A. (2)
- Illa, J. M. (2)
- Jablonski, C. (2)
- Jahn, C. (2)
- Janecek, P. (2)
- Jean, P. (2)
- Kabuki, S. (2)
- Kadenius, V. (2)
- Kadler, M. (2)
- Kakuwa, J. (2)
- Kalkuhl, C. (2)
- Kankanyan, R. (2)
- Kaplan, K. (2)
- Karastergiou, A. (2)
- Karczewski, M. (2)
- Kargaltsev, O. (2)
- Karkar, S. (2)
- Kastendieck, M. A. (2)
- Kawanaka, N. (2)
- Kendziorra, E. (2)
- Kifune, T. (2)
- Kihm, T. (2)
- Klochkov, D. (2)
- Knoetig, M. L. (2)
- Koeck, F. (2)
- Kokkotas, K. (2)
- Kolitzus, D. (2)
- Komin, Nu. (2)
- Konopelko, A. (2)
- Konstantinova, T. S. (2)
- Kostka, P. (2)
- Kowal, G. (2)
- Koyama, S. (2)
- Koziol, J. (2)
- Kretzschmann, A. (2)
- Kudryavtsev, V. A. (2)
- Kuss, M. (2)
- La Palombara, N. (2)
- La Parola, V. (2)
- La Rosa, G. (2)
- Laffon, H. (2)
- Lande, J. (2)
- Lapington, J. (2)
- Larionova, L. V. (2)
- Latronico, L. (2)
- Lavalley, C. (2)
- Le Flour, T. (2)
- Le Padellec, A. (2)
- Lee, S. -H. (2)
- Lee, W. H. (2)
- Lefaucheur, J. (2)
- Lemoine-Goumard, M. (2)
- Lennarz, D. (2)
- Leonardo, E. (2)
- Lessio, L. (2)
- Leto, Paolo (2)
- Lieunard, B. (2)
- Ligustri, R. (2)
- Liolios, A. (2)
- Loparco, F. (2)
- Lopez, R. Garcia (2)
- Lopez, R. J. Garcia (2)
- Lozano, I. (2)
- Lu, C. -C. (2)
- Lubinski, P. (2)
- Lubrano, P. (2)
- Luz, O. (2)
- Lyard, E. (2)
- Maltezos, S. (2)
- Manalaysay, A. (2)
- Mangano, A. (2)
- Manigot, P. (2)
- Marandon, V. (2)
- Markoff, S. (2)
- Marti, J. (2)
- Mastichiadis, A. (2)
- Matsumoto, H. (2)
- Mattiazzo, S. (2)
- McCubbin, N. (2)
- McCutcheon, M. (2)
- McEnery, J. E. (2)
- McHardy, I. (2)
- Medina, C. (2)
- Melkumyan, D. (2)
- Mertsch, P. (2)
- Michalowski, J. (2)
- Michelson, P. F. (2)
- Micolon, P. (2)
- Mirabel, F. (2)
- Miyamoto, H. (2)
- Moal, B. (2)
- Moldon, J. (2)
- Molinari, E. (2)
- Montaruli, T. (2)
- Monteiro, I. (2)
- Monzani, M. E. (2)
- Morello, C. (2)
- Moretti, E. (2)
- Mottez, F. (2)
- Munar, P. (2)
- Murase, K. (2)
- Murgia, S. (2)
- Nagataki, S. (2)
- Nagayoshi, T. (2)
- Nakayama, K. (2)
- Naumann, D. (2)
- Nayman, P. (2)
- Neise, D. (2)
- Nieppola, E. (2)
- Nievas Rosillo, M. (2)
- Nikolaidis, A. (2)
- Norris, J. P. (2)
- Nuss, E. (2)
- Ohira, Y. (2)
- Ohsugi, T. (2)
- Opitz, B. (2)
- Ormes, J. F. (2)
- Ovcharov, E. (2)
- Ozieblo, A. (2)
- Pagani, C. (2)
- Pallota, J. (2)
- Papyan, G. (2)
- Parsons, R. D. (2)
- Pasanen, M. (2)
- Pauss, F. (2)
- Pech, M. (2)
- Pelletier, G. (2)
- Peresano, M. (2)
- Perez-Torres, M. A. (2)
- Perkins, J. (2)
- Perri, L. (2)
- Petrucci, P. -O. (2)
- Petry, D. (2)
- Piron, F. (2)
- Pivato, G. (2)
- Platos, L. (2)
- Platzer, R. (2)
- Pochon, J. (2)
- Pogosyan, L. (2)
- Pojmanski, G. (2)
- Ponz, J. D. (2)
- Potter, W. (2)
- Prast, J. (2)
- Preece, R. (2)
- Prester, D. Dominis (2)
- Preziuso, S. (2)
- Ramazani, V. Fallah (2)
- Rataj, M. (2)
- Razzano, M. (2)
- Readhead, A. (2)
- Reimann, O. (2)
- Renner, S. (2)
- Ribordy, M. (2)
- Ringegni, P. (2)
- Ritz, S. (2)
- Rivoire, S. (2)
- Roberts, M. (2)
- Roeser, U. (2)
- Romero, G. E. (2)
- Ros, E. (2)
- Roy, F. (2)
- Royer, S. (2)
- Russo, F. (2)
- Ryde, F. (2)
- Sacco, B. (2)
- Saito, T. Y. (2)
- Salini, A. (2)
- Sanchez, D. (2)
- Sanchez, David M. (2)
- Sanchez, F. (2)
- Sanchez-Conde, M. (2)
- Santos, E. M. (2)
- Sanuy, A. (2)
- Sapozhnikov, L. (2)
- Sawada, M. (2)
- Scarcioffolo, M. (2)
- Schanz, T. (2)
- Schlenstedt, S. (2)
- Schmidt, T. (2)
- Schmoll, J. (2)
- Schultze, J. (2)
- Seweryn, K. (2)
- Sgro, C. (2)
- Shibata, T. (2)
- Siejkowski, H. (2)
- Sikora, M. (2)
- Silk, J. (2)
- Siskind, E. J. (2)
- Sliusar, V. (2)
- Smith, N. (2)
- Sokolovsky, K. V. (2)
- Spengler, G. (2)
- Spiga, D. (2)
- Spinelli, P. (2)
- Spiro, S. (2)
- Spyrou, S. (2)
- Starling, R. (2)
- Stefanik, S. (2)
- Steiner, S. (2)
- Steinke, B. (2)
- Stergioulas, N. (2)
- Sternberger, R. (2)
- Stodulski, M. (2)
- Stolarczyk, T. (2)
- Strah, N. (2)
- Straumann, U. (2)
- Strigachev, A. (2)
- Stycz, K. (2)
- Suarez, A. (2)
- Suchenek, M. (2)
- Sugawara, R. (2)
- Supanitsky, A. D. (2)
- Sutcliffe, P. (2)
- Swordy, S. P. (2)
- Takahashi, K. (2)
- Tanaka, S. (2)
- Tavani, M. (2)
- Tenzer, C. (2)
- Tokarz, M. (2)
- Toma, K. (2)
- Totani, T. (2)
- Tovmassian, G. (2)
- Trepanier, S. (2)
- Trichard, C. (2)
- Tridon, D. Borla (2)
- Trifoglio, M. (2)
- Tsujimoto, S. (2)
- Uellenbeck, M. (2)
- Valerius, K. (2)
- Vallejo, G. (2)
- Vandenbroucke, J. (2)
- Vanzo, G. (2)
- Vassiliev, V. (2)
- Vegas, I. (2)
- Venter, C. (2)
- Vergani, S. (2)
- Verguilov, V. (2)
- Verrecchia, F. (2)
- Veyssiere, C. (2)
- Videla, M. (2)
- Vigorito, C. (2)
- Vink, J. (2)
- Vlahakis, N. (2)
- Vlahos, L. (2)
- Voelk, H. J. (2)
- Vollhardt, A. (2)
- Vorster, M. (2)
- Wagner, R. (2)
- Wagner, S. (2)
- Walker, R. C. (2)
- Ward, M. (2)
- Warwick, R. (2)
- Wawer, P. (2)
- Wawrzaszek, R. (2)
- Webb, N. (2)
- Wegner, P. (2)
- Wells, R. M. (2)
- Werner, M. (2)
- Wetteskind, H. (2)
- Williamson, T. J. (2)
- Wisniewski, L. (2)
- Woernlein, A. (2)
- Wojcik, P. (2)
- Xiong, Q. (2)
- Yamamoto, H. (2)
- Yamazaki, R. (2)
- Yoshida, A. (2)
- Zdziarski, A. A. (2)
- Zechlin, H. -S. (2)
- Zietara, K. (2)
- Ziolkowski, P. (2)
- Zitelli, V. (2)
- Zychowski, P. (2)
- de Angelis, A. (2)
- de Ona Wilhelmi, E. (2)
- de Palma, F. (2)
- de Souza, V. (2)
- de la Calle, I. (2)
- de la Fuente, E. (2)
- de los Reyes, R. (2)
- van Driel, W. (2)
- Abdo, A. A. (1)
- Aghajani, T. (1)
- Aguilar, J. (1)
- Albert, A. (1)
- Albuquerque, I. F. M. (1)
- Alcubierre, M. (1)
- Alfaro, R. (1)
- Allen, C. (1)
- Aloisio, R. (1)
- Alonso, M. Fernandez (1)
- Amans, J. (1)
- Amato, E. (1)
- Amato, Elena (1)
- Anderson, J. (1)
- Antico, F. (1)
- Araya, M. (1)
- Arbet-Engels, A. (1)
- Arcaro, C. (1)
- Arqueros, F. (1)
- Arrabito, L. (1)
- Artmann, S. (1)
- Asano, Katsuaki (1)
- Ashley, M. (1)
- Ashton, T. (1)
- Awane, Y. (1)
- Baack, D. (1)
- Baba, H. (1)
- Baby, N. (1)
- Bachev, R. (1)
- Backes, M. (1)
- Balazs, C. (1)
- Balenderan, Shangkari (1)
- Balkowski, C. (1)
- Ballet, J. (1)
- Balzer, A. (1)
- Bamba, Aya (1)
- Bandiera, R. (1)
- Barber, A. (1)
- Barbiellini, G. (1)
- Barkov, Maxim (1)
- Basili, A. (1)
- Benallou, M. (1)
- Benkhali, Faical Ait (1)
- Berenji, B. (1)
- Berge, David (1)
- Bernard, F. (1)
- Bernloehr, K. (1)
- Beshley, V. (1)
- Bhat, N. (1)
- Bhattacharyya, S. (1)
- Bhattacharyya, W. (1)
- Bianch, O. (1)
- Bilandli, A. (1)
- Bilinsky, A. (1)
- Bissaldi, Elisabetta (1)
- Biteau, J. (1)
- Bitossi, M. (1)
- Blandford, R. D. (1)
- Blank, M. (1)
- Blazek, J. (1)
- Bloom, E. D. (1)
- Boccone, V. (1)
- Bochow, A. (1)
- Bogart, J. (1)
- Boggs, S. (1)
- Bohacova, M. (1)
- Boisson, C. (1)
- Boltuch, D. (1)
- Bonamente, E. (1)
- Bonavolonta, C. (1)
- Bonifacio, P. (1)
- Bosch-Ramon, Valentin (1)
- Bose, D. (1)
- Bose, R. (1)
- Bottcher, M. (1)
- Bouchet, L. (1)
- Braiding, C. (1)
- Brandt, T. J. (1)
- Bregeon, J. (1)
- Brez, A. (1)
- Brigida, M. (1)
- Bringmann, T. (1)
- Brook, P. (1)
- Brown, A. (1)
- Brown, A. M. (1)
- Bruegge, K. (1)
- Bruel, P. (1)
- Buanes, T. (1)
- Buckley, H. (1)
- Buemi, C. S. (1)
- Buesching, I. (1)
- Bulik, T. (1)
- Bulinski, M. (1)
- Burton, M. (1)
- Burton, Michael (1)
- Burtovoi, A. (1)
- Buss, J. (1)
- Calome, J. (1)
- Camara, M. (1)
- Cameron, R. (1)
- Camprecios, J. (1)
- Canellas, A. (1)
- Caproni, Anderson (1)
- Cara, M. (1)
- Caraveo, P. (1)
- Carraminyana, A. (1)
- Casadio, C. (1)
- Casandjian, J. M. (1)
- Cascone, E. (1)
- Castarede, H. (1)
- Cecchi, C. (1)
- Celik, O. (1)
- Cerruti, B. (1)
- Chabanne, E. (1)
- Chadwick, M. (1)
- Chalme-Calvet, R. (1)
- Champion, C. (1)
- Charbonnier, A. (1)
- Chaty, Sylvain (1)
- Chekhtman, A. (1)
- Chen, A. (1)
- Chen, Andrew (1)
- Chen, W. (1)
- Chen, Xiaoming (1)
- Chiappetti, L. (1)
- Chitnis, V. R. (1)
- Chollet, F. (1)
- Chretien, M. (1)
- Christensen, F. (1)
- Ciesielska, M. (1)
- Clapson, A. C. (1)
- Clerc, C. (1)
- Coignet, G. (1)
- Colafrancesco, S. (1)
- Colak, S. M. (1)
- Colome, J. (1)
- Colonges, S. (1)
- Corlier, M. (1)
- Corpace, O. (1)
- Costa, A. (1)
- Couturier, C. (1)
- Covino, Stefano (1)
- Covone, G. (1)
- Craig, W. (1)
- Crimi, G. (1)
- Criswell, S. J. (1)
- Cui, Wei (1)
- Dafonseca, M. (1)
- Dale, O. (1)
- Damljanovic, G. (1)
- Darling, J. (1)
- Davids, I. (1)
- Davies, F. (1)
- De Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain (1)
- De Caprio, V. (1)
- De Cea del Pozo, E. (1)
- De Cesare, G. (1)
- De La Vega, G. (1)
- De La Vega, G. A. (1)
- De Lisio, C. (1)
- De Luca, A. (1)
- De Maria, M. (1)
- De Sabata, F. (1)
- Deangelis, A. (1)
- Decerprit, B. (1)
- Decock, G. (1)
- Del Santo, M. (1)
- Delfino, M. (1)
- Delgado, Jose Miguel Martins (1)
- Della Volpe, D. (1)
- Demange, P. (1)
- Depaola, G. (1)
- Dettlaff, A. (1)
- Dettlaff, T. (1)
- Di Paola, A. (1)
- Di Paolo, A. (1)
- Diago Ortega, A. (1)
- Diez-Blanco, V. (1)
- Digel, S. (1)
- Dmytriiev, A. (1)
- Dohmke, M. (1)
- Doi, A. (1)
- Donat, A. (1)
- Dournaux, J-L. (1)
- Dournaux, J. (1)
- Drake, G. (1)
- Drury, L. O'C. (1)
- Dumora, D. (1)
- Edwards, T. (1)
- Eisenacher Glawion, D. (1)
- Engelhaupt, D. (1)
- Ernenwein, J-P (1)
- Ernenwein, J. -P. (1)
- Errando, Manel (1)
- Eschbach, S. (1)
- Eswaraiah, C. (1)
- Evans, P. (1)
- Falceta-Goncalves, D. (1)
- Falcone, A. D. (1)
- Falcone, Abe (1)
- Fallon, L. (1)
- Fantinel, D. (1)
- Faolain (1)
- Favill, B. (1)
- Fede, E. (1)
- Fedorova, E. (1)
- Fegan, D. J. (1)
- Fernandez, D. (1)
- Fernandez-Alonso, M. (1)
- Ferrand, Gilles (1)
- Ferrando, P. (1)
- Ferrara, E. C. (1)
- Ferrer, F. (1)
- Fiandrini, E. (1)
- Filipovic, Miroslav D. (1)
- Finke, J. (1)
- Fioretti, V. (1)
- Fiorini, M. (1)
- Firpo Curcoll, R. (1)
- Firpo, R. (1)
- Flores, H. (1)
- Focke, W. (1)
- Focke, W. B. (1)
- Font, Ll. (1)
- Fontaine, Gilles (1)
- Fontana, A. (1)
- Fornasa, M. (1)
- Forster, A. (1)
- Frailis, M. (1)
- Franco, F. J. (1)
- Fraser, G. (1)
- Fraser, G. W. (1)
- Frei, R. (1)
- Freixas Coromina, L. (1)
- Fujita, Yutaka (1)
- Füßling, Matthias (1)
- Gabriele, R. (1)
- Gajdus, M. (1)
- Gamez-Garcia, J. (1)
- Garcia Lopez, R. (1)
- Garcia, J. R. (1)
- Garczarczyki, M. (1)
- Gardiol, D. (1)
- Garrigoux, T. (1)
- Garson, A. III. (1)
- Gasq, C. (1)
- Gast, H. (1)
- Gebremedhin, L. (1)
- Gehrels, N. (1)
- Gerbig, D. (1)
- Germani, S. (1)
- Ghag, C. (1)
- Gianakaki, E. (1)
- Giannakaki, E. (1)
- Gianotti, F. (1)
- Gibbs, K. (1)
- Gika, V. (1)
- Gillanders, G. (1)
- Giovannini, G. (1)
- Girard, N. (1)
- Giubilato, P. (1)
- Glicenstein, J. (1)
- Glueck, B. (1)
- Gnatyk, R. (1)
- Gochna, M. (1)
- Godfrey, G. (1)
- Godinovi, N. (1)
- Goering, D. (1)
- Goldoni, P. (1)
- Gomez-Ortega, J. (1)
- Goret, P. (1)
- Gothe, K. S. (1)
- Gougerot, M. (1)
- Graham, J. (1)
- Granot, Jonathan (1)
- Grasseau, G. (1)
- Green, A. J. (1)
- Gregoire, T. (1)
- Griffiths, S. (1)
- Grondin, M. -H. (1)
- Gruenewald, S. (1)
- Gruev, V. (1)
- Gueta, O. (1)
- Guglielmi, L. (1)
- Guillemot, L. (1)
- Guilloux, F. (1)
- Gusbar, C. (1)
- Guver, T. (1)
- Hada, K. (1)
- Hagen-Thorn, V. A. (1)
- Hague, J. D. (1)
- Hailey, C. (1)
- Hakobyan, H. (1)
- Halpern, J. P. (1)
- Hamer Heras, N. (1)
- Hampf, D. (1)
- Hardee, P. (1)
- Harisson, F. (1)
- Harris, D. E. (1)
- Hatanaka, K. (1)
- Haupt, A. (1)
- Hawkins, K. (1)
- Hayakawa, T. (1)
- Hays, E. (1)
- Heinz, S. (1)
- Heller, M. (1)
- Helo, J. C. (1)
- Henault, F. (1)
- Herbst, T. (1)
- Hermel, R. (1)
- Hidaka, N. (1)
- Hillert, A. (1)
- Hivick, B. (1)
- Hnatyk, B. (1)
- Hoerandel, J. (1)
- Hoffmann, A. (1)
- Horandel, J. (1)
- Horville, D. (1)
- Houles, J. (1)
- Hsiao, H. Y. (1)
- Huang, D. (1)
- Huet, J. (1)
- Hughes, J. P. (1)
- Hughes, R. E. (1)
- Hughes, Z. (1)
- Hultquist, K. (1)
- Huppert, J. -F. (1)
- Hussein, M. (1)
- Hütten, M. (1)
- Ibryamov, S. I. (1)
- Ikeno, Y. (1)
- Impiombato, D. (1)
- Inada, T. (1)
- Incorvaia, S. (1)
- Ingjald, J. (1)
- Inome, Y. (1)
- Inoue, T. (1)
- Iori, Maurizio (1)
- Ishio, K. (1)
- Ismailova, E. (1)
- Jackson, D. J. (1)
- Jacquemier, J. (1)
- Jadhav, J. (1)
- Jankowsky, D. (1)
- Jankowsky, F. (1)
- Jarvela, E. (1)
- Jeanney, C. (1)
- Jensen, H. (1)
- Jimenez, J. J. (1)
- Johannesson, G. (1)
- Johnson, A. S. (1)
- Johnson, T. (1)
- Johnson, W. N. (1)
- Joner, M. D. (1)
- Joshi, M. (1)
- Journet, L. (1)
- Juffroy, C. (1)
- Junor, W. (1)
- Kaaret, P. E. (1)
- Kaercher, K. (1)
- Kagaya, M. (1)
- Kamae, T. (1)
- Kansson, N. H. A. (1)
- Kapala, M. (1)
- Karamanavis, V. (1)
- Kargaltsev, Oleg (1)
- Kasperek, Aci. (1)
- Kasperek, J. (1)
- Kastana, D. (1)
- Kedziora, B. (1)
- Kellner-Leidel, B. (1)
- Kelly, H. (1)
- Keogh, D. (1)
- Khangulyan, D. (1)
- Kieda, D. B. (1)
- Kieffer, M. (1)
- Kimeridze, G. (1)
- Kimeswenger, S. (1)
- Kimura, Shigeo S. (1)
- Kino, M. (1)
- Kishimoto, T. (1)
- Kitamoto, K. (1)
- Knapic, C. (1)
- Knapp, J. (1)
- Knapp, J. w (1)
- Knappy, A. R. (1)
- Knodlseder, J. (1)
- Koch, B. (1)
- Koehne, J. -H. (1)
- Koeppel, H. (1)
- Kominis, I. (1)
- Kondratiev, V. (1)
- Korohoda, P. (1)
- Kortmann, L. (1)
- Koss, G. (1)
- Kotula, J. (1)
- Koul, R. (1)
- Krakau, S. (1)
- Kranich, D. (1)
- Kraus, Michaela (1)
- Krawzcynski, H. (1)
- Krayzel, F. (1)
- Krepps, A. (1)
- Krobot, R. (1)
- Krueger, P. (1)
- Krueger, P. P. (1)
- Kuan, J. (1)
- Kubo, Hidetoshi (1)
- Kuvezdic, D. (1)
- Kuznetsov, A. (1)
- La Barbera, N. (1)
- Lacombe, K. (1)
- Lalik, K. (1)
- Lamerato, A. (1)
- Landt, H. (1)
- Languignon, D. (1)
- Larsson, J. (1)
- Larsson, S. (1)
- Latev, G. (1)
- Lee, N. P. (1)
- Lee, S. (1)
- Lees, J. (1)
- Lees, S. Rosier (1)
- Leigui de Oliveira, M. A. (1)
- Lemiere, A. (1)
- Leopold, D. J. (1)
- Lerch, T. (1)
- Leto, C. (1)
- Leto, Giuseppe (1)
- Leto, P. (1)
- Li, K. (1)
- Lin, C. S. (1)
- Lin, H. C. (1)
- Linhoff, L. (1)
- Lipniacka, A. (1)
- Liu, J. (1)
- Lockart, H. (1)
- Loo, A. (1)
- Lopen, R. J. Garcia (1)
- Lopez, A. (1)
- Lorca, A. (1)
- Lott, B. (1)
- Lovellette, M. N. (1)
- Ludwin, J. (1)
- Luedecke, H. (1)
- Luque-Escamilla, P. L. (1)
- Luque-Escamilla, Pedro Luis (1)
- Lustermann, W. (1)
- Ly, C. (1)
- MacDonald, N. R. (1)
- Maccarone, T. (1)
- Maccarone, T. J. (1)
- Madejski, G. (1)
- Madhavan, A. (1)
- Madrid, J. (1)
- Maggio, C. (1)
- Mahabir, M. (1)
- Mahlke, M. (1)
- Makariev, E. (1)
- Makeev, A. (1)
- Malkiewicz, P. (1)
- Mana, C. (1)
- Mancilla, A. (1)
- Mangano, S. (1)
- Manthos, I. (1)
- Maragos, N. (1)
- Marin, J. (1)
- Marisaldi, M. (1)
- Marscher, A. P. (1)
- Marszalek, A. (1)
- Martens, C. (1)
- Martin, J-M. (1)
- Martin, P. (1)
- Martinez, F. (1)
- Marx, R. (1)
- Masbou, J. (1)
- Massaro, F. (1)
- Masserot, A. (1)
- Masuda, S. (1)
- Mathieu, A. (1)
- Mattana, F. (1)
- Maurin, D. (1)
- Maxfield, S. (1)
- Maya, J. (1)
- Mc Comb, L. (1)
- McBreen, B. (1)
- McCann, A. J. (1)
- McCollough, M. L. (1)
- McConville, W. (1)
- McKay, R. (1)
- Medina, M. C. (1)
- Melioli, C. (1)
- Melioli, Claudio (1)
- Mendes, A. (1)
- Mendez, C. Delgado (1)
- Menzler, U. (1)
- Mereghetti, S. (1)
- Meyer, M. (1)
- Mezek, G. Kukec (1)
- Mihailidis, A. (1)
- Minev, M. (1)
- Minuti, M. (1)
- Mitthumsiri, W. (1)
- Mognet, I. (1)
- Mohamed, M. (1)
- Mohammed, M. (1)
- Moiseev, A. A. (1)
- Mokrushina, A. A. (1)
- Molinaro, M. (1)
- Monte, C. (1)
- Moore, P. (1)
- Moralejo Olaizola, A. (1)
- Mordalska, M. (1)
- Moreno, V. (1)
- Morlino, G. (1)
- Morselli, Aldo (1)
- Moskalenko, I. V. (1)
- Motta, G. (1)
- Moudden, Y. (1)
- Mrusek, I. (1)
- Mueller, S. A. (1)
- Mukherjee, Reshmi (1)
- Mundell, C. (1)
- Mundell, C. G. (1)
- Murach, T. (1)
- Murase, Kohta (1)
- Murphy, A. (1)
- Murphy, A. Stj. (1)
- Myserlis, I. (1)
- Nagai, H. (1)
- Nagataki, Shigehiro (1)
- Nalewajko, K. (1)
- Nekrassov, D. (1)
- Nellen, L. (1)
- Nemmen, R. (1)
- Neronov, A. (1)
- Newbold, M. D. (1)
- Neyroud, N. (1)
- Nguyen, N. (1)
- Nicastro, L. (1)
- Nicholas, B. (1)
- Nicolau-Kuklinski, J. (1)
- Niemiec, Jacek (1)
- Nieto, Daniel (1)
- Nievas, M. (1)
- Nievas-Rosillo, M. (1)
- Nigro, C. (1)
- Nikiforova, A. A. (1)
- Nikolajuk, M. (1)
- Ninci, D. (1)
- Nishino, S. (1)
- Noethe, M. (1)
- Nolan, P. L. (1)
- Nolan, S. (1)
- Northrop, R. (1)
- Novosyadlyj, B. (1)
- Nozaki, S. (1)
- Nozato, A. (1)
- Nunez, P. (1)
- Nunio, F. (1)
- O'Brien, P. (1)
- O'Brien, P. T. (1)
- Oakes, L. (1)
- Oberkirch, J. (1)
- Ochoa, I. (1)
- Ohira, Yutaka (1)
- Ohka, H. (1)
- Ohoka, H. (1)
- Oksanen, A. (1)
- Okuda, T. (1)
- Olive, J. -F. (1)
- Olivetto, C. (1)
- Omodei, N. (1)
- Ong, R. (1)
- Orienti, M. (1)
- Orlando, E. (1)
- Ortega, A. Diago (1)
- Osborne, J. (1)
- Osborne, J. P. (1)
- Otero, L. (1)
- Otero, L. A. (1)
- Padilla, L. (1)
- Padovani, Marco (1)
- Paillot, D. (1)
- Paizis, A. (1)
- Palanque, S. (1)
- Palma, N. (1)
- Panagiotidis, K. (1)
- Panazol, J. -L. (1)
- Panazol, J. L. (1)
- Panetta, J. H. (1)
- Papayannis, Alexandros (1)
- Paravac, A. (1)
- Pardo, S. (1)
- Paredes, Josep M. (1)
- Parent, D. (1)
- Park, N. H. (1)
- Park, Nahee (1)
- Parks, G. (1)
- Parraud, J. -M. (1)
- Parsons, D. (1)
- Pavlidou, V. (1)
- Pavy, S. (1)
- Pearson, T. J. (1)
- Pegna, R. G. (1)
- Peixoto, C. J. Todero (1)
- Pekeur, N. W. (1)
- Pelat, D. (1)
- Pepato, A. (1)
- Pepe, M. (1)
- Perez, J. (1)
- Perez, M. D. C. (1)
- Perlman, E. S. (1)
- Peruzzo, J. (1)
- Peruzzo, L. (1)
- Pesce-Rollins, M. (1)
- Petrucci, P-O (1)
- Petrucci, P. (1)
- Petrucci, P. O. (1)
- Petruk, Oleh (1)
- Pfrommer, C. (1)
- Piechocki, W. (1)
- Pilia, M. (1)
- Piner, B. G. (1)
- Piner, G. (1)
- Pinzke, A. (1)
- Pisarski, A. (1)
- Pizlo, F. (1)
- Pizzolato, F. (1)
- Pohl, Manula (1)
- Poon, H. (1)
- Porcelli, A. (1)
- Porter, T. A. (1)
- Principe, G. (1)
- Profeti, F. (1)
- Proyetti, M. (1)
- Puchades, N. (1)
- Puelhofer, G. (1)
- Puerto-Gimenez, I. (1)
- Pyziol, R. (1)
- Quel, E. (1)
- Quel, E. J. (1)
- Quinn, M. J. (1)
- Raab, S. (1)
- Racero, E. (1)
- Raiteri, C. (1)
- Rajda, P. (1)
- Rajda, P. J. (1)
- Ramakrishnan, V. (1)
- Rameez, M. (1)
- Ramon, P. (1)
- Rannot, R. C. (1)
- Rayner, S. M. (1)
- Razzaque, S. (1)
- Readhead, A. C. R. (1)
- Reardon, P. (1)
- Reichardt, T. (1)
- Reimann, C. (1)
- Reimer, Olaf (1)
- Reitberger, K. (1)
- Reville, B. (1)
- Reymond, J. -M. (1)
- Reynolds, K. (1)
- Richards, J. (1)
- Richer, M. G. (1)
- Ridky, J. (1)
- Righi, C. (1)
- Rissi, M. (1)
- Ristori, P. (1)
- Ristori, P. R. (1)
- Riviere, A. (1)
- Rizi, V. (1)
- Roberts, M. S. E. (1)
- Rodriguez Garcia, J. (1)
- Rodriguez Vazquez, J. J. (1)
- Rodriguez, J. (1)
- Rodriguez, S. (1)
- Rohlfs, R. (1)
- Rojas, G. (1)
- Romaszkan, W. (1)
- Romeo, G. (1)
- Romoli, C. (1)
- Rosado, J. (1)
- Rosen, S. (1)
- Rosillo, M. Nievas (1)
- Ross, D. (1)
- Roth, M. (1)
- Rouaix, G. (1)
- Rousselle, S. (1)
- Roustazadeh, P. (1)
- Rugliancich, A. (1)
- Rupinski, M. (1)
- Ruppel, Jens (1)
- Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. (1)
- Saemann, E. O. (1)
- Safi-Harb, S. (1)
- Safiakian, V. (1)
- Sainio, J. (1)
- Saito, Y. (1)
- Sakonaka, R. (1)
- Salazar, E. (1)
- Sanchez Conde, M. A. (1)
- Sandaker, H. (1)
- Sander, A. (1)
- Sandoval, A. (1)
- Sangiorgi, P. (1)
- Sano, H. (1)
- Sant'Ambrogio, E. (1)
- Santander, Marcos (1)
- Sartore, N. (1)
- Sasaki, H. (1)
- Scargle, J. D. (1)
- Schaal, M. (1)
- Schafer, J. (1)
- Schioppa, E. J. (1)
- Schleicher, B. (1)
- Schoeck, F. M. (1)
- Schoorlemmer, H. (1)
- Schroder, S. (1)
- Schroeder, S. (1)
- Schrödter, M. (1)
- Schuessler, F. (1)
- Schuliz, C. (1)
- Schulz, F. (1)
- Schure, K. (1)
- Schussler, F. (1)
- Schwab, T. (1)
- Schwarz, J. (1)
- Sedlaczek, K. (1)
- Segreto, A. (1)
- Seiradakis, J. (1)
- Seiradakis, J. -H. (1)
- Selmane, S. (1)
- Semkov, E. H. (1)
- Senturk, G. Demet (1)
- Sergijenko, O. (1)
- Servillat, M. (1)
- Shalchi, A. (1)
- Sharma, M. (1)
- Shi, J. (1)
- Shibuya, A. (1)
- Shukla, A. (1)
- Shum, E. (1)
- Sidoli, L. (1)
- Sidz, M. (1)
- Sieiro, J. (1)
- Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. (1)
- Sievers, A. (1)
- Simone, D. (1)
- Singh, B. B. (1)
- Skilton, J. L. (1)
- Smareglia, R. (1)
- Smith, A. (1)
- Smith, D. (1)
- Smith, J. (1)
- Smith, P. D. (1)
- Soares-Furtado, M. (1)
- Sofo Haro, M. (1)
- Sottile, G. (1)
- Sowinski, M. (1)
- Spandre, G. (1)
- Spies, F. (1)
- Stanic, S. (1)
- Starling, R. L. C. (1)
- Steele, D. (1)
- Steele, I. A. (1)
- Stephan, M. (1)
- Stern, D. (1)
- Sterzel, M. (1)
- Stevenson, M. (1)
- Strazzeri, E. (1)
- Strickman, M. S. (1)
- Stringhetti, L. (1)
- Stroh, M. (1)
- Struebig, J. C. (1)
- Sulanke, K. -H. (1)
- Sulanke, K. H. (1)
- Sushch, I. (1)
- Suson, D. J. (1)
- Sweeney, K. (1)
- Sykes, J. (1)
- Szymkowiak, A. (1)
- Takahashi, M. (1)
- Takahashi, T. (1)
- Takalo, L. O. (1)
- Takeda, J. (1)
- Talbot, C. (1)
- Talbot, R. G. (1)
- Tam, P. H. (1)
- Tanaka, T. (1)
- Tanimori, T. (1)
- Tasan, J. (1)
- Tavernier, T. (1)
- Taylor, A. M. (1)
- Tchernin, C. (1)
- Terrats, D. Garrido (1)
- Tezier, D. (1)
- Thayer, J. B. (1)
- Thayer, J. G. (1)
- Thom, M. (1)
- Thompson, D. J. (1)
- Thoudam, S. (1)
- Thuermann, D. (1)
- Tiengo, A. (1)
- Tinivella, M. (1)
- Todd, N. W. (1)
- Todero Peixoto, C. J. (1)
- Torii, K. (1)
- Torres, F. (1)
- Torres, M. (1)
- Torres-Alba, N. (1)
- Torresi, E. (1)
- Toussenel, C. (1)
- Toussenel, F. (1)
- Townsley, C. (1)
- Tramacere, A. (1)
- Trigilio, C. (1)
- Troitskaya, Y. V. (1)
- Troitskaya, Yu. V. (1)
- Troja, E. (1)
- Troyano, I. (1)
- Trzeciak, M. (1)
- Tsinganos, K. (1)
- Uchiyama, Y. (1)
- Ueno, H. (1)
- Umana, G. (1)
- Umehara, K. (1)
- Ungerechts, H. (1)
- Upadhya, S. S. (1)
- Urry, M. (1)
- Usher, T. (1)
- Usher, T. L. (1)
- Uslenghi, M. (1)
- Vagelli, V. (1)
- Valdes-Galicia, J. F. (1)
- Valore, L. (1)
- Vandenbroucke, Justin (1)
- Vandenbrouke, J. (1)
- Vanderwalt, J. (1)
- Vasileiou, V. (1)
- Vazquez Acosta, M. (1)
- Vazquez Acosta, M. L. (1)
- Veberic, D. (1)
- Vecchi, M. (1)
- Venter, L. (1)
- Vercellone, Stefano (1)
- Veres, P. (1)
- Vianello, G. (1)
- Vilchez, N. (1)
- Vince, O. (1)
- Vitale, V. (1)
- Von Gunten, H. P. (1)
- Vrastil, M. (1)
- Vuerli, C. (1)
- Waegebaert, V. (1)
- Wagner, B. (1)
- Wagner, P. (1)
- Waite, A. P. (1)
- Walter, P. (1)
- Walther, T. (1)
- Wang, P. (1)
- Warda, K. (1)
- Watson, J. J. (1)
- Wehrle, A. (1)
- Wehrle, A. E. (1)
- Weidinger, M. (1)
- Weng, S. (1)
- White, M. (1)
- Wiesand, S. (1)
- Wilhel, A. (1)
- Wilkinson, M. (1)
- Wilkinson, M. I. (1)
- Willingale, R. (1)
- Willmann, P. (1)
- Winde, M. (1)
- Winer, B. L. (1)
- Winiarski, K. (1)
- Wissel, S. A. (1)
- Wolczko, A. (1)
- Wood, D. L. (1)
- Wood, K. S. (1)
- Wouters, D. (1)
- Wu, M. H. (1)
- Yadav, K. K. (1)
- Yamaoka, K. (1)
- Yamazaki, Ryo (1)
- Yang, L. (1)
- Yang, Z. (1)
- Yebras, J. M. (1)
- Yelos, D. (1)
- Ylinen, T. (1)
- Yoffo, B. (1)
- Yonetani, M. (1)
- Yoshida, M. (1)
- Yoshiike, S. (1)
- Zagdanski, A. (1)
- Zampieri, L. (1)
- Zaric, D. (1)
- Zavrtanik, D. (1)
- Zavrtanik, M. (1)
- Zechlin, Hannes (1)
- Zefi, F. (1)
- Zhang, W. (1)
- Zhao, A. (1)
- Zhdanov, V. (1)
- Zhou, X. (1)
- Zhu, S. (1)
- Ziegler, A. (1)
- Ziegler, M. (1)
- Ziolkowski, J. (1)
- Zorn, J. (1)
- Zurbach, C. (1)
- de Bhroithe, A. O&rsquo (1)
- de Cea del Pozo, E. (1)
- de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M. (1)
- de Jager, O. (1)
- de Jager, O. C. (1)
- de Mello Neto, J. R. T. (1)
- de Oliveira, Y. (1)
- de la Calle Perez, I. (1)
- deWilt, P. (1)
- del Pozo, E. De Cea (1)
- della Volpe, D. (1)
- do Couto e Silva, E. (1)
- tAliu, E. (1)
- van der Walt, J. (1)
- von Gunten, H. P. (1)
Language
- English (60)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (60)
Keywords
- gamma rays: galaxies (16)
- gamma rays: general (12)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (11)
- galaxies: active (9)
- acceleration of particles (7)
- astroparticle physics (6)
- binaries: general (6)
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal (6)
- X-rays: binaries (3)
- cosmic rays (3)
Institute
Archambault, S. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Boettcher, Markus ; Bouvier, A. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Dumm, J. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Garson, A. III. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gusbar, C. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Lamerato, A. ; Lang, M. J. ; Li, K. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Millis, J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Roustazadeh, P. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Senturk, G. D. ; Skole, C. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
We present the results of a multi-wavelength campaign targeting the blazar 1ES 1218+30.4 with observations with the 1.3 m McGraw-Hill optical telescope, the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, and the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). The RXTE and VERITAS observations were spread over a 13 day period and revealed clear evidence for flux variability, and a strong X-ray and gamma-ray flare on 2009 February 26 (MJD 54888). The campaign delivered a well-sampled broadband energy spectrum with simultaneous RXTE and VERITAS very high energy (VHE, > 100 GeV) observations, as well as contemporaneous optical and Fermi observations. The 1ES 1218+30.4 broadband energy spectrum-the first with simultaneous X-ray and VHE gamma-ray energy spectra-is of particular interest as the source is located at a high cosmological redshift for a VHE source (z = 0.182), leading to strong absorption of VHE gamma rays by photons from the optical/infrared extragalactic background light (EBL) via gamma VHE +gamma EBL -> e(+) e(-)pair-creation processes. We model the data with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission model and with the extragalactic absorption predicted by several recent EBL models. We find that the observations are consistent with the SSC scenario and all the EBL models considered in this work. We discuss observational and theoretical avenues to improve on the EBL constraints.
Archambault, S. ; Archer, A. ; Barnacka, Anna ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Böttcher, Markus ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Christiansen, J. L. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickinson, H. J. ; Dumm, J. ; Eisch, J. D. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Godambe, S. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hakansson, Nils ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kar, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Millis, J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Nelson, T. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Rajotte, J. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Sweeney, K. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Welsing, R. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
Prospects for Cherenkov Telescope Array Observations of the Young Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946
(2017)
Acero, F. ; Aloisio, R. ; Amans, J. ; Amato, Elena ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Aramo, C. ; Armstrong, T. ; Arqueros, F. ; Asano, Katsuaki ; Ashley, M. ; Backes, M. ; Balazs, C. ; Balzer, A. ; Bamba, Aya ; Barkov, Maxim ; Barrio, J. A. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bernloehr, K. ; Beshley, V. ; Bigongiari, C. ; Biland, A. ; Bilinsky, A. ; Bissaldi, Elisabetta ; Biteau, J. ; Blanch, O. ; Blasi, P. ; Blazek, J. ; Boisson, C. ; Bonanno, G. ; Bonardi, A. ; Bonavolonta, C. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Braiding, C. ; Brau-Nogue, S. ; Bregeon, J. ; Brown, A. M. ; Bugaev, V. ; Bulgarelli, A. ; Bulik, T. ; Burton, Michael ; Burtovoi, A. ; Busetto, G. ; Bottcher, M. ; Cameron, R. ; Capalbi, M. ; Caproni, Anderson ; Caraveo, P. ; Carosi, R. ; Cascone, E. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chaty, Sylvain ; Chen, A. ; Chen, X. ; Chernyakova, M. ; Chikawa, M. ; Chudoba, J. ; Cohen-Tanugi, J. ; Colafrancesco, S. ; Conforti, V. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Costa, A. ; Cotter, G. ; Covino, Stefano ; Covone, G. ; Cumani, P. ; Cusumano, G. ; Daniel, M. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Cesare, G. ; De Franco, A. ; De Frondat, F. ; Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia ; De Lisio, C. ; Lopez, R. de los Reyes ; De Lotto, B. ; de Naurois, M. ; De Palma, F. ; Del Santo, M. ; Delgado, C. ; della Volpe, D. ; Di Girolamo, T. ; Di Giulio, C. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Di Venere, L. ; Doro, M. ; Dournaux, J. ; Dumas, D. ; Dwarkadas, Vikram V. ; Diaz, C. ; Ebr, J. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Einecke, S. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Eschbach, S. ; Falceta-Goncalves, D. ; Fasola, G. ; Fedorova, E. ; Fernandez-Barral, A. ; Ferrand, Gilles ; Fesquet, M. ; Fiandrini, E. ; Fiasson, A. ; Filipovic, Miroslav D. ; Fioretti, V. ; Font, L. ; Fontaine, Gilles ; Franco, F. J. ; Freixas Coromina, L. ; Fujita, Yutaka ; Fukui, Y. ; Funk, S. ; Forster, A. ; Gadola, A. ; Lopez, R. Garcia ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Giuliani, A. ; Glicenstein, J. ; Gnatyk, R. ; Goldoni, P. ; Grabarczyk, T. ; Graciani, R. ; Graham, J. ; Grandi, P. ; Granot, Jonathan ; Green, A. J. ; Griffiths, S. ; Gunji, S. ; Hakobyan, H. ; Hara, S. ; Hassan, T. ; Hayashida, M. ; Heller, M. ; Helo, J. C. ; Hinton, J. ; Hnatyk, B. ; Huet, J. ; Huetten, M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Hussein, M. ; Horandel, J. ; Ikeno, Y. ; Inada, T. ; Inome, Y. ; Inoue, S. ; Inoue, T. ; Inoue, Y. ; Ioka, K. ; Iori, Maurizio ; Jacquemier, J. ; Janecek, P. ; Jankowsky, D. ; Jung, I. ; Kaaret, P. ; Katagiri, H. ; Kimeswenger, S. ; Kimura, Shigeo S. ; Knodlseder, J. ; Koch, B. ; Kocot, J. ; Kohri, K. ; Komin, N. ; Konno, Y. ; Kosack, K. ; Koyama, S. ; Kraus, Michaela ; Kubo, Hidetoshi ; Mezek, G. Kukec ; Kushida, J. ; La Palombara, N. ; Lalik, K. ; Lamanna, G. ; Landt, H. ; Lapington, J. ; Laporte, P. ; Lee, S. ; Lees, J. ; Lefaucheur, J. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Leto, Giuseppe ; Lindfors, E. ; Lohse, T. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; Lopez, M. ; Lucarelli, F. ; Luque-Escamilla, Pedro Luis ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Maccarone, M. C. ; Maier, G. ; Malaguti, G. ; Mandat, D. ; Maneva, G. ; Mangano, S. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Marti, J. ; Martinez, M. ; Martinez, G. ; Masuda, S. ; Maurin, G. ; Maxted, N. ; Melioli, Claudio ; Mineo, T. ; Mirabal, N. ; Mizuno, T. ; Moderski, R. ; Mohammed, M. ; Montaruli, T. ; Moralejo, A. ; Mori, K. ; Morlino, G. ; Morselli, A. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Mukherjee, R. ; Mundell, C. ; Muraishi, H. ; Murase, Kohta ; Nagataki, Shigehiro ; Nagayoshi, T. ; Naito, T. ; Nakajima, D. ; Nakamori, T. ; Nemmen, R. ; Niemiec, Jacek ; Nieto, D. ; Nievas-Rosillo, M. ; Nikolajuk, M. ; Nishijima, K. ; Noda, K. ; Nogues, L. ; Nosek, D. ; Novosyadlyj, B. ; Nozaki, S. ; Ohira, Yutaka ; Ohishi, M. ; Ohm, S. ; Okumura, A. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orito, R. ; Orlati, A. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Oya, I. ; Padovani, Marco ; Palacio, J. ; Palatka, M. ; Paredes, Josep M. ; Pavy, S. ; Persic, M. ; Petrucci, P. ; Petruk, Oleh ; Pisarski, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Porcelli, A. ; Prandini, E. ; Prast, J. ; Principe, G. ; Prouza, M. ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Puelhofer, G. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Rameez, M. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Rizi, V. ; Rodriguez, J. ; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez ; Rodriguez Vazquez, J. J. ; Romano, Patrizia ; Romeo, G. ; Rosado, J. ; Rousselle, J. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Sadeh, I. ; Safi-Harb, S. ; Saito, T. ; Sakaki, N. ; Sanchez, D. ; Sangiorgi, P. ; Sano, H. ; Santander, M. ; Sarkar, S. ; Sawada, M. ; Schioppa, E. J. ; Schoorlemmer, H. ; Schovanek, P. ; Schussler, F. ; Sergijenko, O. ; Servillat, M. ; Shalchi, A. ; Shellard, R. C. ; Siejkowski, H. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Simone, D. ; Sliusar, V. ; Sol, H. ; Stanic, S. ; Starling, R. ; Stawarz, L. ; Stefanik, S. ; Stephan, M. ; Stolarczyk, T. ; Szanecki, M. ; Szepieniec, T. ; Tagliaferri, G. ; Tajima, H. ; Takahashi, M. ; Takeda, J. ; Tanaka, M. ; Tanaka, S. ; Tejedor, L. A. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terada, Y. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Testa, V. ; Thoudam, S. ; Tokanai, F. ; Torres, D. F. ; Torresi, E. ; Tosti, G. ; Townsley, C. ; Travnicek, P. ; Trichard, C. ; Trifoglio, M. ; Tsujimoto, S. ; Vagelli, V. ; Vallania, P. ; Valore, L. ; van Driel, W. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vandenbroucke, Justin ; Vassiliev, V. ; Vecchi, M. ; Vercellone, Stefano ; Vergani, S. ; Vigorito, C. ; Vorobiov, S. ; Vrastil, M. ; Vazquez Acosta, M. L. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Wagner, R. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Walter, R. ; Ward, J. E. ; Watson, J. J. ; Weinstein, A. ; White, M. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Wilcox, P. ; Williams, D. A. ; Wischnewski, R. ; Wojcik, P. ; Yamamoto, T. ; Yamamoto, H. ; Yamazaki, Ryo ; Yanagita, S. ; Yang, L. ; Yoshida, T. ; Yoshida, M. ; Yoshiike, S. ; Yoshikoshi, T. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zampieri, L. ; Zanin, R. ; Zavrtanik, M. ; Zavrtanik, D. ; Zdziarski, A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zechlin, Hannes ; Zhdanov, V. ; Ziegler, A. ; Zorn, J.
We perform simulations for future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observations of RX J1713.7-3946, a young supernova remnant (SNR) and one of the brightest sources ever discovered in very high energy (VHE) gamma rays. Special attention is paid to exploring possible spatial (anti) correlations of gamma rays with emission at other wavelengths, in particular X-rays and CO/H I emission. We present a series of simulated images of RX J1713.7-3946 for CTA based on a set of observationally motivated models for the gamma-ray emission. In these models, VHE gamma rays produced by high-energy electrons are assumed to trace the nonthermal X-ray emission observed by XMM-Newton, whereas those originating from relativistic protons delineate the local gas distributions. The local atomic and molecular gas distributions are deduced by the NANTEN team from CO and H I observations. Our primary goal is to show how one can distinguish the emission mechanism(s) of the gamma rays (i.e., hadronic versus leptonic, or a mixture of the two) through information provided by their spatial distribution, spectra, and time variation. This work is the first attempt to quantitatively evaluate the capabilities of CTA to achieve various proposed scientific goals by observing this important cosmic particle accelerator.
Ahnen, M. L. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Arcaro, C. ; Babic, A. ; Banerjee, B. ; Bangale, P. ; Barres de Almeida, U. ; Barrio, J. A. ; Gonzalez, J. Becerra ; Bednarek, W. ; Bernardini, E. ; Berti, A. ; Bhattacharyya, W. ; Blanch, O. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Carosi, R. ; Carosi, A. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Colak, S. M. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Cumani, P. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Lotto, B. ; Delfino, M. ; Delgado, Jose Miguel Martins ; Di Pierro, F. ; Doert, M. ; Dominguez, A. ; Prester, D. Dominis ; Doro, M. ; Glawion, D. Eisenacher ; Engelkemeier, M. ; Ramazani, V. Fallah ; Fernandez-Barral, A. ; Fidalgo, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; Lopez, R. J. Garcia ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Gaug, M. ; Giammaria, P. ; Godinovic, N. ; Gora, D. ; Guberman, D. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hahn, A. ; Hassan, T. ; Hayashida, M. ; Herrera, J. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Ishio, K. ; Konno, Y. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; Kuvezdic, D. ; Lelas, D. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; Lopez, M. ; Maggio, C. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, M. ; Maneva, G. ; Manganaro, M. ; Maraschi, L. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Menzel, U. ; Minev, M. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Moralejo, A. ; Moreno, V. ; Moretti, E. ; Nagayoshi, T. ; Neustroev, V. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Nievas Rosillo, M. ; Nigro, C. ; Nilsson, K. ; Ninci, D. ; Nishijima, K. ; Noda, K. ; Nogues, L. ; Paiano, S. ; Palacio, J. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Pedaletti, G. ; Peresano, M. ; Perri, L. ; Persic, M. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Garcia, J. R. ; Reichardt, I. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Righi, C. ; Rugliancich, A. ; Saito, T. ; Satalecka, K. ; Schroeder, S. ; Schweizer, T. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sitarek, J. ; Snidaric, I. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Stamerra, A. ; Strzys, M. ; Suric, T. ; Takalo, L. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzic, T. ; Teshima, M. ; Torres-Alba, N. ; Treves, A. ; Tsujimoto, S. ; Vanzo, G. ; Vazquez Acosta, M. ; Vovk, I. ; Ward, J. E. ; Will, M. ; Zaric, D. ; Arbet-Engels, A. ; Baack, D. ; Balbo, M. ; Biland, A. ; Blank, M. ; Bretz, T. ; Bruegge, K. ; Bulinski, M. ; Buss, J. ; Dmytriiev, A. ; Dorner, D. ; Einecke, S. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Herbst, T. ; Hildebrand, D. ; Kortmann, L. ; Linhoff, L. ; Mahlke, M. ; Mannheim, K. ; Mueller, S. A. ; Neise, D. ; Neronov, A. ; Noethe, M. ; Oberkirch, J. ; Paravac, A. ; Rhode, W. ; Schleicher, B. ; Schulz, F. ; Sedlaczek, K. ; Shukla, A. ; Sliusar, V. ; Walter, R. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Brose, Robert ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Christiansen, J. L. ; Cui, W. ; Daniel, M. K. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Gueta, O. ; Hanna, D. ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Huetten, M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krause, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rovero, A. C. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Sushch, Iurii ; Tyler, J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhel, A. ; Williams, D. A. ; Williamson, T. J. ; Zitzer, B. ; Perri, M. ; Verrecchia, F. ; Leto, C. ; Villata, M. ; Raiteri, C. M. ; Jorstad, S. G. ; Larionov, V. M. ; Blinov, D. A. ; Grishina, T. S. ; Kopatskaya, E. N. ; Larionova, E. G. ; Nikiforova, A. A. ; Morozova, D. A. ; Troitskaya, Yu. V. ; Troitsky, I. S. ; Kurtanidze, O. M. ; Nikolashvili, M. G. ; Kurtanidze, S. O. ; Kimeridze, G. N. ; Chigladze, R. A. ; Strigachev, A. ; Sadun, A. C.
Aims. We aim to characterize the multiwavelength emission from Markarian 501 (Mrk 501), quantify the energy-dependent variability, study the potential multiband correlations, and describe the temporal evolution of the broadband emission within leptonic theoretical scenarios. Methods. We organized a multiwavelength campaign to take place between March and July of 2012. Excellent temporal coverage was obtained with more than 25 instruments, including the MAGIC, FACT and VERITAS Cherenkov telescopes, the instruments on board the Swift and Fermi spacecraft, and the telescopes operated by the GASP-WEBT collaboration. Results. Mrk 501 showed a very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray flux above 0.2 TeV of similar to 0.5 times the Crab Nebula flux (CU) for most of the campaign. The highest activity occurred on 2012 June 9, when the VHE flux was similar to 3 CU, and the peak of the high-energy spectral component was found to be at similar to 2 TeV. Both the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray spectral slopes were measured to be extremely hard, with spectral indices <2 during most of the observing campaign, regardless of the X-ray and VHE flux. This study reports the hardest Mrk 501 VHE spectra measured to date. The fractional variability was found to increase with energy, with the highest variability occurring at VHE. Using the complete data set, we found correlation between the X-ray and VHE bands; however, if the June 9 flare is excluded, the correlation disappears (significance <3 sigma) despite the existence of substantial variability in the X-ray and VHE bands throughout the campaign. Conclusions. The unprecedentedly hard X-ray and VHE spectra measured imply that their low- and high-energy components peaked above 5 keV and 0.5 TeV, respectively, during a large fraction of the observing campaign, and hence that Mrk 501 behaved like an extreme high-frequency-peaked blazar (EHBL) throughout the 2012 observing season. This suggests that being an EHBL may not be a permanent characteristic of a blazar, but rather a state which may change over time. The data set acquired shows that the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of Mrk 501, and its transient evolution, is very complex, requiring, within the framework of synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models, various emission regions for a satisfactory description. Nevertheless the one-zone SSC scenario can successfully describe the segments of the SED where most energy is emitted, with a significant correlation between the electron energy density and the VHE gamma-ray activity, suggesting that most of the variability may be explained by the injection of high-energy electrons. The one-zone SSC scenario used reproduces the behavior seen between the measured X-ray and VHE gamma-ray fluxes, and predicts that the correlation becomes stronger with increasing energy of the X-rays.
Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bouvier, A. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Dumm, J. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, S. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Finnegan, G. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Maier, G. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nelson, T. ; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Tsurusaki, K. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Jorstad, S. G. ; MacDonald, N. R. ; Marscher, A. P. ; Smith, P. S. ; Walker, R. C. ; Hovatta, T. ; Richards, J. ; Max-Moerbeck, W. ; Readhead, A. ; Lister, M. L. ; Kovalev, Y. Y. ; Pushkarev, A. B. ; Gurwell, M. A. ; Lahteenmaki, A. ; Nieppola, E. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Jarvela, E.
We report on the detection of a very rapid TeV gamma-ray flare from BL Lacertae on 2011 June 28 with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). The flaring activity was observed during a 34.6 minute exposure, when the integral flux above 200 GeV reached (3.4 +/- 0.6) x 10(-6) photons m(-2) s(-1), roughly 125% of the Crab Nebula flux measured by VERITAS. The light curve indicates that the observations missed the rising phase of the flare but covered a significant portion of the decaying phase. The exponential decay time was determined to be 13 +/- 4 minutes, making it one of the most rapid gamma-ray flares seen from a TeV blazar. The gamma-ray spectrum of BL Lacertae during the flare was soft, with a photon index of 3.6 +/- 0.4, which is in agreement with the measurement made previously by MAGIC in a lower flaring state. Contemporaneous radio observations of the source with the Very Long Baseline Array revealed the emergence of a new, superluminal component from the core around the time of the TeV gamma-ray flare, accompanied by changes in the optical polarization angle. Changes in flux also appear to have occurred at optical, UV, and GeV gamma-ray wavelengths at the time of the flare, although they are difficult to quantify precisely due to sparse coverage. A strong flare was seen at radio wavelengths roughly four months later, which might be related to the gamma-ray flaring activities. We discuss the implications of these multiwavelength results.
Archambault, S. ; Archer, A. ; Aune, T. ; Barnacka, Anna ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Buchovecky, M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickinson, H. J. ; Dumm, J. ; Eisch, J. D. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Flinders, A. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Huetten, M. ; Hakansson, Nils ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krause, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Millis, J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Pandel, D. ; Park, N. ; Pelassa, V. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rousselle, J. ; Rulten, C. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weiner, O. M. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
The TeV binary system LS I +61 degrees 303 is known for its regular, non-thermal emission pattern that traces the orbital period of the compact object in its 26.5 day orbit around its B0 Ve star companion. The system typically presents elevated TeV emission around apastron passage with flux levels between 5% and 15% of the steady flux from the Crab Nebula (> 300 GeV). In this article, VERITAS observations of LS I + 61 degrees. 303 taken in late 2014 are presented, during which bright TeV flares around apastron at flux levels peaking above 30% of the Crab Nebula flux were detected. This is the brightest such activity from this source ever seen in the TeV regime. The strong outbursts have rise and fall times of less than a day. The short timescale of the flares, in conjunction with the observation of 10 TeV photons from LS I + 61 degrees 303 during the flares, provides constraints on the properties of the accelerator in the source.
Acciari, V. A. ; Aliu, E. ; Araya, M. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bradbury, S. M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Duke, C. ; Falcone, A. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Godambe, S. ; Griffin, S. ; Guenette, R. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Hui, C. M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Imran, A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Pandel, D. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rose, H. J. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sentuerk, G. D. ; Smith, A. W. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vincent, S. ; Vivier, M. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Weng, S. ; Williams, D. A. ; Wood, M. ; Zitzer, B.
Giant X-ray outbursts, with luminosities of about 10(37) erg s(-1), are observed roughly every five years from the nearby Be/pulsar binary 1A 0535+262. In this article, we present observations of the source with VERITAS at very high energies (VHEs; E > 100 GeV) triggered by the X-ray outburst in 2009 December. The observations started shortly after the onset of the outburst and provided comprehensive coverage of the episode, as well as the 111 day binary orbit. No VHE emission is evident at any time. We also examined data from the contemporaneous observations of 1A 0535+262 with the Fermi/Large Area Telescope at high-energy photons (E > 0.1 GeV) and failed to detect the source at GeV energies. The X-ray continua measured with the Swift/X-Ray Telescope and the RXTE/PCA can be well described by the combination of blackbody and Comptonized emission from thermal electrons. Therefore, the gamma-ray and X-ray observations suggest the absence of a significant population of non-thermal particles in the system. This distinguishes 1A 0535+262 from those Be X-ray binaries (such as PSR B1259-63 and LS I +61 degrees 303) that have been detected at GeV-TeV energies. We discuss the implications of the results on theoretical models.
Acciari, V. A. ; Aliu, E. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bradbury, S. M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Christiansen, J. L. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Duke, C. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Finley, J. P. ; Finnegan, G. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Godambe, S. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Guenette, R. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Hui, C. M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Jackson, D. J. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Newbold, M. D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rose, H. J. ; Ruppel, J. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sentuerk, G. D. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Swordy, S. P. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Tsurusaki, K. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Vivier, M. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Williams, D. A. ; Wood, M.
We present the results of 16 Swift-triggered Gamma-ray burst (GRB) follow-up observations taken with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) telescope array from 2007 January to 2009 June. The median energy threshold and response time of these observations were 260 GeV and 320 s, respectively. Observations had an average duration of 90 minutes. Each burst is analyzed independently in two modes: over the whole duration of the observations and again over a shorter timescale determined by the maximum VERITAS sensitivity to a burst with a t(-1.5) time profile. This temporal model is characteristic of GRB afterglows with high-energy, long-lived emission that have been detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi satellite. No significant very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission was detected and upper limits above the VERITAS threshold energy are calculated. The VERITAS upper limits are corrected for gamma-ray extinction by the extragalactic background light and interpreted in the context of the keV emission detected by Swift. For some bursts the VHE emission must have less power than the keV emission, placing constraints on inverse Compton models of VHE emission.
Archambault, S. ; Aune, T. ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, Wei ; Dumm, J. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, Daniel ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Rajotte, J. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Ackermann, Margit ; Ajello, M. ; Albert, A. ; Baldini, L. ; Bastieri, D. ; Bellazzini, R. ; Bissaldi, E. ; Bregeon, Johan ; Buehler, R. ; Buson, S. ; Caliandro, G. A. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Caraveo, P. A. ; Cavazzuti, E. ; Charles, E. ; Chiang, J. ; Ciprini, S. ; Claus, R. ; Cutini, S. ; de Angelis, A. ; de Palma, F. ; Dermer, C. D. ; Digel, S. W. ; Di Venere, L. ; Drell, P. S. ; Favuzzi, C. ; Franckowiak, A. ; Fusco, P. ; Gargano, F. ; Gasparrini, D. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Giroletti, M. ; Grenier, I. A. ; Guiriec, S. ; Jogler, T. ; Kuss, M. ; Larsson, S. ; Latronico, L. ; Longo, F. ; Loparco, F. ; Lubrano, P. ; Madejski, G. M. ; Mayer, M. ; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola ; Michelson, P. F. ; Mizuno, T. ; Monzani, M. E. ; Morselli, Aldo ; Murgia, S. ; Nuss, E. ; Ohsugi, T. ; Ormes, J. F. ; Paneque, D. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Piron, F. ; Pivato, G. ; Raino, S. ; Razzano, M. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, Olaf ; Ritz, S. ; Schaal, M. ; Sgro, C. ; Siskind, E. J. ; Spinelli, P. ; Takahashi, H. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tinivella, M. ; Troja, E. ; Vianello, G. ; Werner, M. ; Wood, M.
We present deep VERITAS observations of the blazar PKS 1424+240, along with contemporaneous Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope, and Swift UV Optical Telescope data between 2009 February 19 and 2013 June 8. This blazar resides at a redshift of z >= 0.6035, displaying a significantly attenuated gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV due to photon absorption via pair-production with the extragalactic background light. We present more than 100 hr of VERITAS observations over three years, a multiwavelength light curve, and the contemporaneous spectral energy distributions. The source shows a higher flux of (2.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-7) photons m(-2) s(-1) above 120 GeV in 2009 and 2011 as compared to the flux measured in 2013, corresponding to (1.02 +/- 0.08) x 10-7 photons m(-2) s(-1) above 120 GeV. The measured differential very high energy (VHE; E >= 100 GeV) spectral indices are Gamma = 3.8 +/- 0.3, 4.3 +/- 0.6 and 4.5 +/- 0.2 in 2009, 2011, and 2013, respectively. No significant spectral change across the observation epochs is detected. We find no evidence for variability at gamma-ray opacities of greater than tau = 2, where it is postulated that any variability would be small and occur on timescales longer than a year if hadronic cosmic-ray interactions with extragalactic photon fields provide a secondary VHE photon flux. The data cannot rule out such variability due to low statistics.
Archambault, S. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Bourbeau, E. ; Buchovecky, M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dwarkadas, Vikram V. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Griffin, S. ; Huetten, M. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krause, M. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, Nahee ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Slane, P. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Trepanier, S. ; Tyler, J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
tAliu, E. ; Archambault, S. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Bouvier, A. ; Bradbury, S. M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Duke, C. ; Dumm, J. ; Dwarkadas, Vikram V. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Finnegan, G. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Godambe, S. ; Gotthelf, E. V. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Huan, H. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lee, K. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Millis, J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nelson, T. ; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Pandel, D. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rose, H. J. ; Ruppel, Jens ; Saxon, D. B. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sentuerk, G. D. ; Skole, C. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Tsurusaki, K. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Welsing, R. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
We report the discovery of an unidentified, extended source of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission, VER J2019+407, within the radio shell of the supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1, using 21.4 hr of data taken by the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory in 2009. These data confirm the preliminary indications of gamma-ray emission previously seen in a two-year (2007-2009) blind survey of the Cygnus region by VERITAS. VER J2019+407, which is detected at a post-trials significance of 7.5 standard deviations in the 2009 data, is localized to the northwestern rim of the remnant in a region of enhanced radio and X-ray emission. It has an intrinsic extent of 0 degrees.23 +/- 0 degrees.03(stat-0 degrees.02sys)(+0 degrees.04) and its spectrum is well-characterized by a differential power law (dN/dE = N-0 x (E/TeV)-Gamma) with a photon index of Gamma = 2.37 +/- 0.14(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and a flux normalization of N-0 = 1.5 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.4(sys) x 10(-12) photon TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1). This yields an integral flux of 5.2 +/- 0.8(stat) +/- 1.4(sys) x 10(-12) photon cm(-2) s(-1) above 320 GeV, corresponding to 3.7% of the Crab Nebula flux. We consider the relationship of the TeV gamma-ray emission with the GeV gamma-ray emission seen from SNR G78.2+2.1 as well as that seen from a nearby cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays. Multiple scenarios are considered as possible origins for the TeV gamma-ray emission, including hadronic particle acceleration at the SNR shock.
Aliu, E. ; Archambault, S. ; Archer, A. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Barnacka, Anna ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Böttcher, Markus ; Bouvier, A. ; Buchovecky, M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Cesarini, A. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dumm, J. ; Eisch, J. D. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hütten, M. ; Hakansson, Nils ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krause, M. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Millis, J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Pandel, D. ; Park, N. ; Pelassa, V. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rousselle, J. ; Rovero, A. C. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Sheidaei, F. ; Skole, C. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Theiling, M. ; Todd, N. W. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weiner, O. M. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Baring, M. G. ; Gonzalez, J. Becerra ; Cillis, A. N. ; Horan, D. ; Paneque, D.
The very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) blazar Markarian 501 was observed between April 17 and May 5 (MJD 54 938-54 956), 2009, as part of an extensive multiwavelength campaign from radio to VHE. Strong VHE yray activity was detected on May 1st with Whipple and VERITAS, when the flux (E > 400 GeV) increased to 10 times the preflare baseline flux (3.9 x 10(-11) ph cm(-2) s(-1)), reaching five times the flux of the Crab Nebula. This coincided with a decrease in the optical polarization and a rotation of the polarization angle by 15. This VHE flare showed a fast flux variation with an increase of a factor similar to 4 in 25 min, and a falling time of similar to 50 min. We present the observations of the quiescent state previous to the flare and of the high state after the flare, focusing on the flux and spectral variability from Whipple, VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, RXTE, and Swift combined with optical and radio data.
Acciari, V. A. ; Aliu, E. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bradbury, S. M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Duke, C. ; Errando, M. ; Finley, J. P. ; Finnegan, G. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Godambe, S. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Guenette, R. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, J. P. ; Hui, C. M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; LeBohec, S. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Pandel, D. ; Park, N. H. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rose, H. J. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Senturk, G. Demet ; Slane, P. ; Smith, A. W. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Tsurusaki, K. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Vivier, M. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Williams, D. A. ; Wood, M. ; Zitzer, B.
We report the discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission from the Type Ia supernova remnant (SNR) G120.1+1.4, known as Tycho's SNR. Observations performed in the period 2008-2010 with the VERITAS ground-based gamma-ray observatory reveal weak emission coming from the direction of the remnant, compatible with a point source located at 00(h)25(m)27(s).0, +64 degrees 10'50 '' (J2000). The TeV photon spectrum measured by VERITAS can be described with a power law dN/dE = C(E/3.42 TeV)(-Gamma) with Gamma = 1.95 +/- 0.51(stat) +/- 0.30(sys) and C = (1.55 +/- 0.43(stat) +/- 0.47(sys)) x 10(-14) cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1. The integral flux above 1 TeV corresponds to similar to 0.9% of the steady Crab Nebula emission above the same energy, making it one of the weakest sources yet detected in TeV gamma rays. We present both leptonic and hadronic models that can describe the data. The lowest magnetic field allowed in these models is similar to 80 mu G, which may be interpreted as evidence for magnetic field amplification.
Aliu, E. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Boettcher, Markus ; Bouvier, A. ; Bradbury, S. M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Godambe, S. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Huan, H. ; Hughes, G. ; Hui, C. M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rose, H. J. ; Ruppel, J. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Skole, C. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Tsurusaki, K. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vincent, S. ; Vivier, M. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Williams, D. A.
We report on very high energy (>100 GeV) gamma-ray observations of Swift J164449.3+573451, an unusual transient object first detected by the Swift Observatory and later detected by multiple radio, optical, and X-ray observatories. A total exposure of 28 hr was obtained on Swift J164449.3+573451 with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System ( VERITAS) during 2011 March 28-April 15. We do not detect the source and place a differential upper limit on the emission at 500 GeV during these observations of 1.4 x 10(-12) erg cm(-2) s(-1) (99% confidence level). We also present time-resolved upper limits and use a flux limit averaged over the X-ray flaring period to constrain various emission scenarios that can accommodate both the radio-through-X-ray emission detected from the source and the lack of detection by VERITAS.
Archambault, S. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Bouvier, A. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Millis, J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Theiling, M. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Boettcher, Markus ; Fegan, S. J. ; Fortin, P. ; Halpern, J. P. ; Kovalev, Y. Y. ; Lister, M. L. ; Liu, J. ; Pushkarev, A. B. ; Smith, P. S.
We report the detection of a new TeV gamma-ray source, VER J0521+211, based on observations made with the VERITAS imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope Array. These observations were motivated by the discovery of a cluster of >30 GeV photons in the first year of Fermi Large Area Telescope observations. VER J0521+211 is relatively bright at TeV energies, with a mean photon flux of (1.93 +/- 0.13(stat) +/- 0.78(sys)) x 10(-11) cm(-2) s(-1) above 0.2 TeV during the period of the VERITAS observations. The source is strongly variable on a daily timescale across all wavebands, from optical to TeV, with a peak flux corresponding to similar to 0.3 times the steady Crab Nebula flux at TeV energies. Follow-up observations in the optical and X-ray bands classify the newly discovered TeV source as a BL Lac-type blazar with uncertain redshift, although recent measurements suggest z = 0.108. VER J0521+211 exhibits all the defining properties of blazars in radio, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths.
Actis, M. ; Agnetta, G. ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Aleksic, J. ; Aliu, E. ; Allan, D. ; Allekotte, I. ; Antico, F. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Aravantinos, A. ; Arlen, T. ; Arnaldi, H. ; Artmann, S. ; Asano, K. ; Asorey, H. G. ; Baehr, J. ; Bais, A. ; Baixeras, C. ; Bajtlik, S. ; Balis, D. ; Bamba, A. ; Barbier, C. ; Barcelo, M. ; Barnacka, Anna ; Barnstedt, Jürgen ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Barrio, J. A. ; Basso, S. ; Bastieri, D. ; Bauer, C. ; Becerra Gonzalez, J. ; Becherini, Yvonne ; Bechtol, K. C. ; Becker, J. ; Beckmann, Volker ; Bednarek, W. ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Belluso, M. ; Benallou, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berdugo, J. ; Berger, K. ; Bernardino, T. ; Bernlöhr, K. ; Biland, A. ; Billotta, S. ; Bird, T. ; Birsin, E. ; Bissaldi, E. ; Blake, S. ; Blanch Bigas, O. ; Bobkov, A. A. ; Bogacz, L. ; Bogdan, M. ; Boisson, Catherine ; Boix Gargallo, J. ; Bolmont, J. ; Bonanno, G. ; Bonardi, A. ; Bonev, T. ; Borkowski, Janett ; Botner, O. ; Bottani, A. ; Bourgeat, M. ; Boutonnet, C. ; Bouvier, A. ; Brau-Nogue, S. ; Braun, I. ; Bretz, T. ; Briggs, M. S. ; Brun, Pierre ; Brunetti, L. ; Buckley, H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Buehler, R. ; Bulik, Tomasz ; Busetto, G. ; Buson, S. ; Byrum, K. ; Cailles, M. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Canestrari, R. ; Cantu, S. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Carr, John ; Carton, P. H. ; Casiraghi, M. ; Castarede, H. ; Catalano, O. ; Cavazzani, S. ; Cazaux, S. ; Cerruti, B. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chadwick, M. ; Chiang, J. ; Chikawa, M. ; Cieslar, M. ; Ciesielska, M. ; Cillis, A. N. ; Clerc, C. ; Colin, P. ; Colome, J. ; Compin, M. ; Conconi, P. ; Connaughton, V. ; Conrad, Jan ; Contreras, J. L. ; Coppi, P. ; Corlier, M. ; Corona, P. ; Corpace, O. ; Corti, D. ; Cortina, J. ; Costantini, H. ; Cotter, G. ; Courty, B. ; Couturier, S. ; Covino, S. ; Croston, J. ; Cusumano, G. ; Daniel, M. K. ; Dazzi, F. ; Deangelis, A. ; de Cea del Pozo, E. ; Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia ; de Jager, O. ; de la Calle Perez, I. ; De La Vega, G. ; De Lotto, B. ; de Naurois, M. ; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona ; de Souza, V. ; Decerprit, B. ; Deil, C. ; Delagnes, E. ; Deleglise, G. ; Delgado, C. ; Dettlaff, T. ; Di Paolo, A. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Diaz, C. ; Dick, J. ; Dickinson, H. ; Digel, S. W. ; Dimitrov, D. ; Disset, G. ; Djannati-Ataï, A. ; Doert, M. ; Domainko, W. ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Dournaux, J. -L. ; Dravins, D. ; Drury, L. ; Dubois, F. ; Dubois, R. ; Dubus, G. ; Dufour, C. ; Durand, D. ; Dyks, J. ; Dyrda, M. ; Edy, E. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eleftheriadis, C. ; Elles, S. ; Emmanoulopoulos, D. ; Enomoto, R. ; Ernenwein, J. -P. ; Errando, M. ; Etchegoyen, A. ; Falcone, A. D. ; Farakos, K. ; Farnier, C. ; Federici, S. ; Feinstein, F. ; Ferenc, D. ; Fillin-Martino, E. ; Fink, D. ; Finley, C. ; Finley, J. P. ; Firpo, R. ; Florin, D. ; Foehr, C. ; Fokitis, E. ; Font, Ll. ; Fontaine, G. ; Fontana, A. ; Foerster, A. ; Fortson, L. ; Fouque, N. ; Fransson, C. ; Fraser, G. W. ; Fresnillo, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Fujita, Y. ; Fukazawa, Y. ; Funk, S. ; Gaebele, W. ; Gabici, S. ; Gadola, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gallant, Y. ; Garcia, B. ; Garcia Lopez, R. J. ; Garrido, D. ; Garrido, L. ; Gascon, D. ; Gasq, C. ; Gaug, M. ; Gaweda, J. ; Geffroy, N. ; Ghag, C. ; Ghedina, A. ; Ghigo, M. ; Gianakaki, E. ; Giarrusso, S. ; Giavitto, G. ; Giebels, B. ; Giro, E. ; Giubilato, P. ; Glanzman, T. ; Glicenstein, J. -F. ; Gochna, M. ; Golev, V. ; Gomez Berisso, M. ; Gonzalez, A. ; Gonzalez, F. ; Granena, F. ; Graciani, R. ; Granot, J. ; Gredig, R. ; Green, A. ; Greenshaw, T. ; Grimm, O. ; Grube, J. ; Grudzinska, M. ; Grygorczuk, J. ; Guarino, V. ; Guglielmi, L. ; Guilloux, F. ; Gunji, S. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hadasch, D. ; Haefner, D. ; Hagiwara, R. ; Hahn, J. ; Hallgren, A. ; Hara, S. ; Hardcastle, M. J. ; Hassan, T. ; Haubold, T. ; Hauser, M. ; Hayashida, M. ; Heller, R. ; Henri, G. ; Hermann, G. ; Herrero, A. ; Hinton, James Anthony ; Hoffmann, D. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hofverberg, P. ; Horns, D. ; Hrupec, D. ; Huan, H. ; Huber, B. ; Huet, J. -M. ; Hughes, G. ; Hultquist, K. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Huppert, J. -F. ; Ibarra, A. ; Illa, J. M. ; Ingjald, J. ; Inoue, S. ; Inoue, Y. ; Ioka, K. ; Jablonski, C. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Janiak, M. ; Jean, P. ; Jensen, H. ; Jogler, T. ; Jung, I. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kabuki, S. ; Kakuwa, J. ; Kalkuhl, C. ; Kankanyan, R. ; Kapala, M. ; Karastergiou, A. ; Karczewski, M. ; Karkar, S. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kasperek, J. ; Katagiri, H. ; Katarzynski, K. ; Kawanaka, N. ; Kedziora, B. ; Kendziorra, E. ; Khelifi, B. ; Kieda, D. ; Kifune, T. ; Kihm, T. ; Klepser, S. ; Kluzniak, W. ; Knapp, J. ; Knappy, A. R. ; Kneiske, T. ; Knoedlseder, J. ; Koeck, F. ; Kodani, K. ; Kohri, K. ; Kokkotas, K. ; Komin, N. ; Konopelko, A. ; Kosack, K. ; Kossakowski, R. ; Kostka, P. ; Kotula, J. ; Kowal, G. ; Koziol, J. ; Kraehenbuehl, T. ; Krause, J. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kretzschmann, A. ; Kubo, H. ; Kudryavtsev, V. A. ; Kushida, J. ; La Barbera, N. ; La Parola, V. ; La Rosa, G. ; Lopez, A. ; Lamanna, G. ; Laporte, P. ; Lavalley, C. ; Le Flour, T. ; Le Padellec, A. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Lessio, L. ; Lieunard, B. ; Lindfors, E. ; Liolios, A. ; Lohse, T. ; Lombardi, S. ; Lopatin, A. ; Lorenz, E. ; Lubinski, P. ; Luz, O. ; Lyard, E. ; Maccarone, M. C. ; Maccarone, T. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; Maltezos, S. ; Malkiewicz, P. ; Mana, C. ; Manalaysay, A. ; Maneva, G. ; Mangano, A. ; Manigot, P. ; Marin, J. ; Mariotti, M. ; Markoff, S. ; Martinez, G. ; Martinez, M. ; Mastichiadis, A. ; Matsumoto, H. ; Mattiazzo, S. ; Mazin, D. ; McComb, T. J. L. ; McCubbin, N. ; McHardy, I. ; Medina, C. ; Melkumyan, D. ; Mendes, A. ; Mertsch, P. ; Meucci, M. ; Michalowski, J. ; Micolon, P. ; Mineo, T. ; Mirabal, N. ; Mirabel, F. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Mizuno, T. ; Moal, B. ; Moderski, R. ; Molinari, E. ; Monteiro, I. ; Moralejo, A. ; Morello, C. ; Mori, K. ; Motta, G. ; Mottez, F. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Mukherjee, R. ; Munar, P. ; Muraishi, H. ; Murase, K. ; Murphy, A. Stj. ; Nagataki, S. ; Naito, T. ; Nakamori, T. ; Nakayama, K. ; Naumann, C. L. ; Naumann, D. ; Nayman, P. ; Nedbal, D. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Niemiec, J. ; Nikolaidis, A. ; Nishijima, K. ; Nolan, S. J. ; Nowak, N. ; O'Brien, P. T. ; Ochoa, I. ; Ohira, Y. ; Ohishi, M. ; Ohka, H. ; Okumura, A. ; Olivetto, C. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orito, R. ; Orr, M. ; Osborne, J. P. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Otero, L. ; Otte, A. N. ; Ovcharov, E. ; Oya, I. ; Ozieblo, A. ; Paiano, S. ; Pallota, J. ; Panazol, J. L. ; Paneque, D. ; Panter, M. ; Paoletti, R. ; Papyan, G. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Pareschi, G. ; Parsons, R. D. ; Arribas, M. Paz ; Pedaletti, G. ; Pepato, A. ; Persic, M. ; Petrucci, P. O. ; Peyaud, B. ; Piechocki, W. ; Pita, S. ; Pivato, G. ; Platos, L. ; Platzer, R. ; Pogosyan, L. ; Pohl, Martin ; Pojmanski, G. ; Ponz, J. D. ; Potter, W. ; Prandini, E. ; Preece, R. ; Prokoph, H. ; Puehlhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Quel, E. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Rajda, P. ; Rando, R. ; Rataj, M. ; Raue, M. ; Reimann, C. ; Reimann, O. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; Renner, S. ; Reymond, J. -M. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Ribordy, M. ; Rico, J. ; Rieger, F. ; Ringegni, P. ; Ripken, J. ; Ristori, P. ; Rivoire, S. ; Rob, L. ; Rodriguez, S. ; Roeser, U. ; Romano, Patrizia ; Romero, G. E. ; Rosier-Lees, S. ; Rovero, A. C. ; Roy, F. ; Royer, S. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. B. ; Ruppel, J. ; Russo, F. ; Ryde, F. ; Sacco, B. ; Saggion, A. ; Sahakian, V. ; Saito, K. ; Saito, T. ; Sakaki, N. ; Salazar, E. ; Salini, A. ; Sanchez, F. ; Sanchez Conde, M. A. ; Santangelo, A. ; Santos, E. M. ; Sanuy, A. ; Sapozhnikov, L. ; Sarkar, S. ; Scalzotto, V. ; Scapin, V. ; Scarcioffolo, M. ; Schanz, T. ; Schlenstedt, S. ; Schlickeiser, R. ; Schmidt, T. ; Schmoll, J. ; Schroedter, M. ; Schultz, C. ; Schultze, J. ; Schulz, A. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwarzburg, S. ; Schweizer, T. ; Seiradakis, J. ; Selmane, S. ; Seweryn, K. ; Shayduk, M. ; Shellard, R. C. ; Shibata, T. ; Sikora, M. ; Silk, J. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Skole, C. ; Smith, N. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Sofo Haro, M. ; Sol, H. ; Spanier, F. ; Spiga, D. ; Spyrou, S. ; Stamatescu, V. ; Stamerra, A. ; Starling, R. L. C. ; Stawarz, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, Christian ; Steiner, S. ; Stergioulas, N. ; Sternberger, R. ; Stinzing, F. ; Stodulski, M. ; Straumann, U. ; Suarez, A. ; Suchenek, M. ; Sugawara, R. ; Sulanke, K. H. ; Sun, S. ; Supanitsky, A. D. ; Sutcliffe, P. ; Szanecki, M. ; Szepieniec, T. ; Szostek, A. ; Szymkowiak, A. ; Tagliaferri, G. ; Tajima, H. ; Takahashi, H. ; Takahashi, K. ; Takalo, L. ; Takami, H. ; Talbot, R. G. ; Tam, P. H. ; Tanaka, M. ; Tanimori, T. ; Tavani, M. ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Tchernin, C. ; Tejedor, L. A. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Temnikov, P. ; Tenzer, C. ; Terada, Y. ; Terrier, R. ; Teshima, M. ; Testa, V. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tibolla, O. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Peixoto, C. J. Todero ; Tokanai, F. ; Tokarz, M. ; Toma, K. ; Torres, D. F. ; Tosti, G. ; Totani, T. ; Toussenel, F. ; Vallania, P. ; Vallejo, G. ; van der Walt, J. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vandenbroucke, J. ; Vankov, H. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vegas, I. ; Venter, L. ; Vercellone, S. ; Veyssiere, C. ; Vialle, J. P. ; Videla, M. ; Vincent, P. ; Vink, J. ; Vlahakis, N. ; Vlahos, L. ; Vogler, P. ; Vollhardt, A. ; Volpe, F. ; Von Gunten, H. P. ; Vorobiov, S. ; Wagner, S. ; Wagner, R. M. ; Wagner, B. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Walter, P. ; Walter, R. ; Warwick, R. ; Wawer, P. ; Wawrzaszek, R. ; Webb, N. ; Wegner, P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weitzel, Q. ; Welsing, R. ; Wetteskind, H. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Wilkinson, M. I. ; Williams, D. A. ; Winde, M. ; Wischnewski, R. ; Wisniewski, L. ; Wolczko, A. ; Wood, M. ; Xiong, Q. ; Yamamoto, T. ; Yamaoka, K. ; Yamazaki, R. ; Yanagita, S. ; Yoffo, B. ; Yonetani, M. ; Yoshida, A. ; Yoshida, T. ; Yoshikoshi, T. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zagdanski, A. ; Zajczyk, A. ; Zdziarski, A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zietara, K. ; Ziolkowski, P. ; Zitelli, V. ; Zychowski, P.
Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA.
The 2010 very high energy gamma-ray flare and 10 years ofmulti-wavelength oservations of M 87
(2012)
Abramowski, Attila ; Acero, F. ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Anton, Gisela ; Balzer, Arnim ; Barnacka, Anna ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Becherini, Yvonne ; Becker, J. ; Behera, B. ; Bernlöhr, K. ; Birsin, E. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Bochow, A. ; Boisson, Catherine ; Bolmont, J. ; Bordas, Pol ; Brucker, J. ; Brun, Francois ; Brun, Pierre ; Bulik, Tomasz ; Buesching, I. ; Carrigan, Svenja ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Cerruti, M. ; Chadwick, Paula M. ; Charbonnier, A. ; Chaves, Ryan C. G. ; Cheesebrough, A. ; Clapson, A. C. ; Coignet, G. ; Cologna, Gabriele ; Conrad, Jan ; Dalton, M. ; Daniel, M. K. ; Davids, I. D. ; Degrange, B. ; Deil, C. ; Dickinson, H. J. ; Djannati-Ataï, A. ; Domainko, W. ; Drury, L. O'C. ; Dubus, G. ; Dutson, K. ; Dyks, J. ; Dyrda, M. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eger, P. ; Espigat, P. ; Fallon, L. ; Farnier, C. ; Fegan, S. ; Feinstein, F. ; Fernandes, M. V. ; Fiasson, A. ; Fontaine, G. ; Foerster, A. ; Fuessling, M. ; Gallant, Y. A. ; Gast, H. ; Gerard, L. ; Gerbig, D. ; Giebels, B. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Glueck, B. ; Goret, P. ; Goering, D. ; Haeffner, S. ; Hague, J. D. ; Hampf, D. ; Hauser, M. ; Heinz, S. ; Heinzelmann, G. ; Henri, G. ; Hermann, G. ; Hinton, James Anthony ; Hoffmann, A. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hofverberg, P. ; Holler, M. ; Horns, D. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; de Jager, O. C. ; Jahn, C. ; Jamrozy, M. ; Jung, I. ; Kastendieck, M. A. ; Katarzynski, K. ; Katz, U. ; Kaufmann, S. ; Keogh, D. ; Khangulyan, D. ; Khelifi, B. ; Klochkov, D. ; Kluzniak, W. ; Kneiske, T. ; Komin, Nu. ; Kosack, K. ; Kossakowski, R. ; Laffon, H. ; Lamanna, G. ; Lennarz, D. ; Lohse, T. ; Lopatin, A. ; Lu, C. -C. ; Marandon, V. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Masbou, J. ; Maurin, D. ; Maxted, N. ; Mayer, M. ; McComb, T. J. L. ; Medina, M. C. ; Mehault, J. ; Moderski, R. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Naumann, C. L. ; Naumann-Godo, M. ; de Naurois, M. ; Nedbal, D. ; Nekrassov, D. ; Nguyen, N. ; Nicholas, B. ; Niemiec, J. ; Nolan, S. J. ; Ohm, S. ; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona ; Opitz, B. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Oya, I. ; Panter, M. ; Arribas, M. Paz ; Pedaletti, G. ; Pelletier, G. ; Petrucci, P. -O. ; Pita, S. ; Puehlhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Raue, M. ; Rayner, S. M. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; de los Reyes, R. ; Rieger, F. ; Ripken, J. ; Rob, L. ; Rosier-Lees, S. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. B. ; Ruppel, J. ; Sahakian, V. ; Sanchez, David M. ; Santangelo, A. ; Schlickeiser, R. ; Schoeck, F. M. ; Schulz, A. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwarzburg, S. ; Schwemmer, S. ; Sheidaei, F. ; Skilton, J. L. ; Sol, H. ; Spengler, G. ; Stawarz, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, Christian ; Stinzing, F. ; Stycz, K. ; Sushch, Iurii ; Szostek, A. ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Terrier, R. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Valerius, K. ; van Eldik, C. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Venter, C. ; Vialle, J. P. ; Viana, A. ; Vincent, P. ; Voelk, H. J. ; Volpe, F. ; Vorobiov, S. ; Vorster, M. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Ward, M. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zajczyk, A. ; Zdziarski, A. A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zechlin, H. -S. ; Aleksic, J. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Backes, Michael ; Barrio, J. A. ; Bastieri, D. ; Becerra Gonzalez, J. ; Bednarek, W. ; Berdyugin, A. ; Berger, K. ; Bernardini, E. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch Bigas, O. ; Bock, R. K. ; Boller, A. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Tridon, D. Borla ; Braun, I. ; Bretz, T. ; Canellas, A. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Cossio, L. ; Covino, S. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Cea del Pozo, E. ; De Lotto, B. ; Delgado Mendez, C. ; Diago Ortega, A. ; Doert, M. ; Dominguez, A. ; Prester, Dijana Dominis ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Ferenc, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Garcia Lopez, R. J. ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Garrido, D. ; Giavitto, G. ; Godinovic, N. ; Hadasch, D. ; Haefner, D. ; Herrero, A. ; Hildebrand, D. ; Hoehne-Moench, D. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Huber, B. ; Jogler, T. ; Klepser, S. ; Kraehenbuehl, T. ; Krause, J. ; La Barbera, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Leonardo, E. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Lopez, M. ; Lorenz, E. ; Makariev, M. ; Maneva, G. ; Mankuzhiyil, N. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Meucci, M. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Miyamoto, H. ; Moldon, J. ; Moralejo, A. ; Munar, P. ; Nieto, D. ; Nilsson, K. ; Orito, R. ; Oya, I. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Pardo, S. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Partini, S. ; Pasanen, M. ; Pauss, F. ; Perez-Torres, M. A. ; Persic, M. ; Peruzzo, L. ; Pilia, M. ; Pochon, J. ; Prada, F. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Reichardt, I. ; Reinthal, R. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Ruegamer, S. ; Saggion, A. ; Saito, K. ; Saito, T. Y. ; Salvati, M. ; Satalecka, K. ; Scalzotto, V. ; Scapin, V. ; Schultz, C. ; Schweizer, T. ; Shayduk, M. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Spanier, F. ; Spiro, S. ; Stamerra, A. ; Steinke, B. ; Storz, J. ; Strah, N. ; Suric, T. ; Takalo, L. ; Takami, H. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzic, T. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Thom, M. ; Tibolla, O. ; Torres, D. F. ; Treves, A. ; Vankov, H. ; Vogler, P. ; Wagner, R. M. ; Weitzel, Q. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zandanel, F. ; Zanin, R. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bouvier, A. ; Bradbury, S. M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Duke, C. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Finley, J. P. ; Finnegan, G. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Godambe, S. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Huan, H. ; Hui, C. M. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; LeBohec, S. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nunez, P. D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Prokoph, H. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rose, H. J. ; Ruppel, J. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sentuerk, G. D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vivier, M. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Cara, M. ; Casadio, C. ; Cheung, C. C. ; McConville, W. ; Davies, F. ; Doi, A. ; Giovannini, G. ; Giroletti, M. ; Hada, K. ; Hardee, P. ; Harris, D. E. ; Junor, W. ; Kino, M. ; Lee, N. P. ; Ly, C. ; Madrid, J. ; Massaro, F. ; Mundell, C. G. ; Nagai, H. ; Perlman, E. S. ; Steele, I. A. ; Walker, R. C. ; Wood, D. L.
The giant radio galaxy M 87 with its proximity (16 Mpc), famous jet, and very massive black hole ((3-6) x 10(9) M-circle dot) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the origin of very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission generated in relativistic outflows and the surroundings of supermassive black holes. M 87 has been established as a VHE gamma-ray emitter since 2006. The VHE gamma-ray emission displays strong variability on timescales as short as a day. In this paper, results from a joint VHE monitoring campaign on M 87 by the MAGIC and VERITAS instruments in 2010 are reported. During the campaign, a flare at VHE was detected triggering further observations at VHE (H.E.S.S.), X-rays (Chandra), and radio (43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array, VLBA). The excellent sampling of the VHE gamma-ray light curve enables one to derive a precise temporal characterization of the flare: the single, isolated flare is well described by a two-sided exponential function with significantly different flux rise and decay times of tau(rise)(d) = (1.69 +/- 0.30) days and tau(decay)(d) = (0.611 +/- 0.080) days, respectively. While the overall variability pattern of the 2010 flare appears somewhat different from that of previous VHE flares in 2005 and 2008, they share very similar timescales (similar to day), peak fluxes (Phi(>0.35 TeV) similar or equal to (1-3) x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1)), and VHE spectra. VLBA radio observations of 43 GHz of the inner jet regions indicate no enhanced flux in 2010 in contrast to observations in 2008, where an increase of the radio flux of the innermost core regions coincided with a VHE flare. On the other hand, Chandra X-ray observations taken similar to 3 days after the peak of the VHE gamma-ray emission reveal an enhanced flux from the core (flux increased by factor similar to 2; variability timescale <2 days). The long-term (2001-2010) multi-wavelength (MWL) light curve of M 87, spanning from radio to VHE and including data from Hubble Space Telescope, Liverpool Telescope, Very Large Array, and European VLBI Network, is used to further investigate the origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission. No unique, common MWL signature of the three VHE flares has been identified. In the outer kiloparsec jet region, in particular in HST-1, no enhanced MWL activity was detected in 2008 and 2010, disfavoring it as the origin of the VHE flares during these years. Shortly after two of the three flares (2008 and 2010), the X-ray core was observed to be at a higher flux level than its characteristic range (determined from more than 60 monitoring observations: 2002-2009). In 2005, the strong flux dominance of HST-1 could have suppressed the detection of such a feature. Published models for VHE gamma-ray emission from M 87 are reviewed in the light of the new data.
Aliu, E. ; Archambault, S. ; Behera, B. ; Berger, K. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Bouvier, A. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dumm, J. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Rajotte, J. ; Ratliff, G. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sheidaei, F. ; Skole, C. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Zajczyk, A. ; Zitzer, B.
We present the results of a multiwavelength observational campaign on the TeV binary system LS I +61 degrees 303 with the VERITAS telescope array (>200 GeV), Fermi-LAT (0.3-300 GeV), and Swift/XRT (2-10 keV). The data were taken from 2011 December through 2012 January and show a strong detection in all three wavebands. During this period VERITAS obtained 24.9 hr of quality selected livetime data in which LS I +61 degrees 303 was detected at a statistical significance of 11.9 sigma. These TeV observations show evidence for nightly variability in the TeV regime at a post-trial significance of 3.6 sigma. The combination of the simultaneously obtained TeV and X-ray fluxes do not demonstrate any evidence for a correlation between emission in the two bands. For the first time since the launch of the Fermi satellite in 2008, this TeV detection allows the construction of a detailed MeV-TeV spectral energy distribution from LS I +61 degrees 303. This spectrum shows a distinct cutoff in emission near 4 GeV, with emission seen by the VERITAS observations following a simple power-law above 200 GeV. This feature in the spectrum of LS I +61 degrees 303, obtained from overlapping observations with Fermi-LAT and VERITAS, may indicate that there are two distinct populations of accelerated particles producing the GeV and TeV emission.
Archambault, S. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Bouvier, A. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Duke, C. ; Dumm, J. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Pandel, D. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Rajotte, J. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sheidaei, F. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Theiling, M. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; McCollough, M. L.
We report results from TeV gamma-ray observations of the microquasar Cygnus X-3. The observations were made with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) over a time period from 2007 June 11 to 2011 November 28. VERITAS is most sensitive to gamma rays at energies between 85 GeV and 30 TeV. The effective exposure time amounts to a total of about 44 hr, with the observations covering six distinct radio/X-ray states of the object. No significant TeV gamma-ray emission was detected in any of the states, nor with all observations combined. The lack of a positive signal, especially in the states where GeV gamma rays were detected, places constraints on TeV gamma-ray production in Cygnus X-3. We discuss the implications of the results.
Furniss, A. ; Noda, K. ; Boggs, S. ; Chiang, J. ; Christensen, F. ; Craig, W. ; Giommi, P. ; Hailey, C. ; Harisson, F. ; Madejski, G. ; Nalewajko, K. ; Perri, M. ; Stern, D. ; Urry, M. ; Verrecchia, F. ; Zhang, W. ; Ahnen, M. L. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Babic, A. ; Banerjee, B. ; Bangale, P. ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Barrio, J. A. ; Becerra Gonzalez, J. ; Bednarek, W. ; Bernardini, E. ; Biasuzzi, B. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch Bigas, O. ; Bonnefoy, S. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Borracci, F. ; Bretz, T. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Clavero, R. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Caneva, G. ; De Lotto, B. ; de Ona Wilhelmi, E. ; Delgado Mendez, C. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Prester, Dijana Dominis ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Einecke, S. ; Eisenacher Glawion, D. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Fernandez-Barral, A. ; Fidalgo, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Frantzen, K. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; Garcia Lopez, R. J. ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Garrido Terrats, D. ; Gaug, M. ; Giammaria, P. ; Godinovic, N. ; Gonzalez Munoz, A. ; Guberman, D. ; Hanabata, Y. ; Hayashida, M. ; Herrera, J. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Hughes, G. ; Idec, W. ; Kellermann, H. ; Kodani, K. ; Konno, Y. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; La Barbera, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Lewandowska, N. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; Lopez, M. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lopez-Oramas, A. ; Lorenz, E. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, M. ; Mallot, K. ; Maneva, G. ; Manganaro, M. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Marcote, B. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Menzel, U. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Moralejo, A. ; Nakajima, D. ; Neustroev, V. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Nievas Rosillo, M. ; Nilsson, K. ; Nishijima, K. ; Orito, R. ; Overkemping, A. ; Paiano, S. ; Palacio, J. ; Palatiello, M. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Paredes-Fortuny, X. ; Persic, M. ; Poutanen, J. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Reinthal, R. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Garcia, J. Rodriguez ; Saito, T. ; Saito, K. ; Satalecka, K. ; Scapin, V. ; Schultz, C. ; Schweizer, T. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Snidaric, I. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Stamerra, A. ; Steinbring, T. ; Strzys, M. ; Takalo, L. ; Takami, H. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzic, T. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Thaele, J. ; Torres, D. F. ; Toyama, T. ; Treves, A. ; Verguilov, V. ; Vovk, I. ; Will, M. ; Zanin, R. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Bugaev, V. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickinson, H. J. ; Dumm, J. ; Eisch, J. D. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Gerard, L. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hakansson, Nils ; Holder, J. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krause, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Park, N. ; Petry, D. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Ragan, K. ; Ratliff, G. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weiner, O. M. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Vince, O. ; Fuhrmann, L. ; Angelakis, E. ; Karamanavis, V. ; Myserlis, I. ; Krichbaum, T. P. ; Zensus, J. A. ; Ungerechts, H. ; Sievers, A. ; Bachev, R. ; Boettcher, Markus ; Chen, W. P. ; Damljanovic, G. ; Eswaraiah, C. ; Guver, T. ; Hovatta, T. ; Hughes, Z. ; Ibryamov, S. I. ; Joner, M. D. ; Jordan, B. ; Jorstad, S. G. ; Joshi, M. ; Kataoka, J. ; Kurtanidze, O. M. ; Kurtanidze, S. O. ; Lahteenmaki, A. ; Latev, G. ; Lin, H. C. ; Larionov, V. M. ; Mokrushina, A. A. ; Morozova, D. A. ; Nikolashvili, M. G. ; Raiteri, C. M. ; Ramakrishnan, V. ; Readhead, A. C. R. ; Sadun, A. C. ; Sigua, L. A. ; Semkov, E. H. ; Strigachev, A. ; Tammi, J. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Troitskaya, Y. V. ; Troitsky, I. S. ; Villata, M.
We report on simultaneous broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar Markarian 501 between 2013 April 1 and August 10, including the first detailed characterization of the synchrotron peak with Swift and NuSTAR. During the campaign, the nearby BL Lac object was observed in both a quiescent and an elevated state. The broadband campaign includes observations with NuSTAR, MAGIC, VERITAS, the Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope and UV Optical Telescope, various ground-based optical instruments, including the GASP-WEBT program, as well as radio observations by OVRO, Metsahovi, and the F-Gamma consortium. Some of the MAGIC observations were affected by a sand layer from the Saharan desert, and had to be corrected using event-by-event corrections derived with a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) facility. This is the first time that LIDAR information is used to produce a physics result with Cherenkov Telescope data taken during adverse atmospheric conditions, and hence sets a precedent for the current and future ground-based gamma-ray instruments. The NuSTAR instrument provides unprecedented sensitivity in hard X-rays, showing the source to display a spectral energy distribution (SED) between 3 and 79 keV consistent with a log-parabolic spectrum and hard X-ray variability on hour timescales. None (of the four extended NuSTAR observations) show evidence of the onset of inverse-Compton emission at hard X-ray energies. We apply a single-zone equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model to five simultaneous broadband SEDs. We find that the SSC model can reproduce the observed broadband states through a decrease in the magnetic field strength coinciding with an increase in the luminosity and hardness of the relativistic leptons responsible for the high-energy emission.