Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (37)
- Postprint (9)
- Other (2)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
- Preprint (1)
Language
- English (51)
Keywords
- eye movements (9)
- spatial frequencies (8)
- Eye movements (6)
- reading (6)
- scene viewing (6)
- Perceptual span (4)
- attention (4)
- gaze-contingent displays (4)
- color (3)
- embodied cognition (3)
- eye-voice span (3)
- hemispheric asymmetry (3)
- object search (3)
- saccades (3)
- spatial-numerical associations (3)
- synchronization (3)
- tunnel vision (3)
- working memory updating (3)
- Chinese (2)
- Moving window (2)
- Reading development (2)
- SNARC (2)
- central and peripheral vision (2)
- corpus dataset (2)
- mental number line (MNL) (2)
- newborns (2)
- psychologinguistics (2)
- scene memorization (2)
- spatial frequency (SF) (2)
- temporal frequency (2)
- Attention (1)
- Brinley analysis (1)
- Brinley plot (1)
- Brinley-Analyse (1)
- Brinley-Plot (1)
- Cohesion (1)
- Defocused attention (1)
- Discourse semantics (1)
- Dyslexia (1)
- Dyslexic children (1)
- Dysphoria (1)
- Eye movement (1)
- Eye tracking (1)
- Eye-tracking (1)
- Film (1)
- Fixational eye movements (1)
- Gaze-contingent displays (1)
- German (1)
- Linear mixed model (1)
- Longitudinal study (1)
- Memory-guided saccades (1)
- Mental arithmetic (1)
- Mental number line (1)
- Moving window paradigm (1)
- Multimodality (1)
- Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (1)
- Parafoveal processing (1)
- Rapid automatized naming (1)
- Reading (1)
- Regressionsmodell (1)
- Reiz-Reaktions-Zuordnung (1)
- SNARC effect (1)
- Saccade-target selection (1)
- Scene viewing (1)
- Spatial frequencies (1)
- Stroop (1)
- Visual world paradigm (1)
- Visually-guided saccades (1)
- asymmetry (1)
- central and peripheral (1)
- cognitive aging (1)
- computational modeling (1)
- development (1)
- episodic accumulators (1)
- episodische Akkumulatoren (1)
- fixation durations (1)
- foveal load (1)
- frequency tuning (1)
- global (1)
- kognitives Altern (1)
- local (1)
- motion discrimination (1)
- numerical cognition (1)
- oral reading (1)
- parafoveal (1)
- parafoveal preview (1)
- parafoveal-on-foveal effects (1)
- perception-action-coupling (1)
- perceptual span (1)
- preview benefit (1)
- psycholinguistics (1)
- psychophysics (1)
- regression model (1)
- scene perception (1)
- semantic preview cost (1)
- semantic priming (1)
- sequence learning (1)
- spatial (1)
- spatial vision (1)
- stimulus-response mapping (1)
- temporal frequencies (1)
- vision (1)
Institute
The defocused attention hypothesis (von Hecker and Meiser, 2005) assumes that negative mood broadens attention, whereas the analytical rumination hypothesis (Andrews and Thompson, 2009) suggests a narrowing of the attentional focus with depression. We tested these conflicting hypotheses by directly measuring the perceptual span in groups of dysphoric and control subjects, using eye tracking. In the moving window paradigm, information outside of a variable-width gaze-contingent window was masked during reading of sentences. In measures of sentence reading time and mean fixation duration, dysphoric subjects were more pronouncedly affected than controls by a reduced window size. This difference supports the defocused attention hypothesis and seems hard to reconcile with a narrowing of attentional focus.
Visuospatial attention and gaze control depend on the interaction of foveal and peripheral processing. The foveal and peripheral regions of the visual field are differentially sensitive to parts of the spatial frequency spectrum. In two experiments, we investigated how the selective attenuation of spatial frequencies in the central or the peripheral visual field affects eye-movement behavior during real-world scene viewing. Gaze-contingent low-pass or high-pass filters with varying filter levels (i.e., cutoff frequencies; Experiment 1) or filter sizes (Experiment 2) were applied. Compared to unfiltered control conditions, mean fixation durations increased most with central high-pass and peripheral low-pass filtering. Increasing filter size prolonged fixation durations with peripheral filtering, but not with central filtering. Increasing filter level prolonged fixation durations with low-pass filtering, but not with high-pass filtering. These effects indicate that fixation durations are not always longer under conditions of increased processing difficulty. Saccade amplitudes largely adapted to processing difficulty: amplitudes increased with central filtering and decreased with peripheral filtering; the effects strengthened with increasing filter size and filter level. In addition, we observed a trade-off between saccade timing and saccadic selection, since saccade amplitudes were modulated when fixation durations were unaffected by the experimental manipulations. We conclude that interactions of perception and gaze control are highly sensitive to experimental manipulations of input images as long as the residual information can still be accessed for gaze control. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
When studying how people search for objects in scenes, the inhomogeneity of the visual field is often ignored. Due to physiological limitations, peripheral vision is blurred and mainly uses coarse-grained information (i.e., low spatial frequencies) for selecting saccade targets, whereas high-acuity central vision uses fine-grained information (i.e., high spatial frequencies) for analysis of details. Here we investigated how spatial frequencies and color affect object search in real-world scenes. Using gaze-contingent filters, we attenuated high or low frequencies in central or peripheral vision while viewers searched color or grayscale scenes. Results showed that peripheral filters and central high-pass filters hardly affected search accuracy, whereas accuracy dropped drastically with central low-pass filters. Peripheral filtering increased the time to localize the target by decreasing saccade amplitudes and increasing number and duration of fixations. The use of coarse-grained information in the periphery was limited to color scenes. Central filtering increased the time to verify target identity instead, especially with low-pass filters. We conclude that peripheral vision is critical for object localization and central vision is critical for object identification. Visual guidance during peripheral object localization is dominated by low-frequency color information, whereas high-frequency information, relatively independent of color, is most important for object identification in central vision.
Coupling of attention and saccades when viewing scenes with central and peripheral degradation
(2016)
Degrading real-world scenes in the central or the peripheral visual field yields a characteristic pattern: Mean saccade amplitudes increase with central and decrease with peripheral degradation. Does this pattern reflect corresponding modulations of selective attention? If so, the observed saccade amplitude pattern should reflect more focused attention in the central region with peripheral degradation and an attentional bias toward the periphery with central degradation. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured the detectability of peripheral (Experiment 1) or central targets (Experiment 2) during scene viewing when low or high spatial frequencies were gaze-contingently filtered in the central or the peripheral visual field. Relative to an unfiltered control condition, peripheral filtering induced a decrease of the detection probability for peripheral but not for central targets (tunnel vision). Central filtering decreased the detectability of central but not of peripheral targets. Additional post hoc analyses are compatible with the interpretation that saccade amplitudes and direction are computed in partial independence. Our experimental results indicate that task-induced modulations of saccade amplitudes reflect attentional modulations.
Coupling of attention and saccades when viewing scenes with central and peripheral degradation
(2016)
Degrading real-world scenes in the central or the peripheral visual field yields a characteristic pattern: Mean saccade amplitudes increase with central and decrease with peripheral degradation. Does this pattern reflect corresponding modulations of selective attention? If so, the observed saccade amplitude pattern should reflect more focused attention in the central region with peripheral degradation and an attentional bias toward the periphery with central degradation. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured the detectability of peripheral (Experiment 1) or central targets (Experiment 2) during scene viewing when low or high spatial frequencies were gaze-contingently filtered in the central or the peripheral visual field. Relative to an unfiltered control condition, peripheral filtering induced a decrease of the detection probability for peripheral but not for central targets (tunnel vision). Central filtering decreased the detectability of central but not of peripheral targets. Additional post hoc analyses are compatible with the interpretation that saccade amplitudes and direction are computed in partial independence. Our experimental results indicate that task-induced modulations of saccade amplitudes reflect attentional modulations.
Coupling of attention and saccades when viewing scenes with central and peripheral degradation
(2016)
Degrading real-world scenes in the central or the peripheral visual field yields a characteristic pattern: Mean saccade amplitudes increase with central and decrease with peripheral degradation. Does this pattern reflect corresponding modulations of selective attention? If so, the observed saccade amplitude pattern should reflect more focused attention in the central region with peripheral degradation and an attentional bias toward the periphery with central degradation. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured the detectability of peripheral (Experiment 1) or central targets (Experiment 2) during scene viewing when low or high spatial frequencies were gaze-contingently filtered in the central or the peripheral visual field. Relative to an unfiltered control condition, peripheral filtering induced a decrease of the detection probability for peripheral but not for central targets (tunnel vision). Central filtering decreased the detectability of central but not of peripheral targets. Additional post hoc analyses are compatible with the interpretation that saccade amplitudes and direction are computed in partial independence. Our experimental results indicate that task-induced modulations of saccade amplitudes reflect attentional modulations.
To construct a coherent multi-modal percept, vertebrate brains extract low-level features (such as spatial and temporal frequencies) from incoming sensory signals. However, because frequency processing is lateralized with the right hemisphere favouring low frequencies while the left favours higher frequencies, this introduces asymmetries between the hemispheres. Here, we describe how this lateralization shapes the development of several cognitive domains, ranging from visuo-spatial and numerical cognition to language, social cognition, and even aesthetic appreciation, and leads to the emergence of asymmetries in behaviour. We discuss the neuropsychological and educational implications of these emergent asymmetries and suggest future research approaches.