Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (19)
Author
- Aharonian, Felix A. (19)
- Bolmont, J. (19)
- Casanova, Sabrina (19)
- Dyks, J. (19)
- Egberts, Kathrin (19)
- Fiasson, A. (19)
- Gabici, S. (19)
- Giavitto, G. (19)
- Jankowsky, F. (19)
- Katz, U. (19)
- Khelifi, B. (19)
- Klepser, S. (19)
- Lamanna, G. (19)
- Lemiere, A. (19)
- Lemoine-Goumard, M. (19)
- Marcowith, Alexandre (19)
- Maurin, G. (19)
- Meintjes, P. J. (19)
- Moderski, R. (19)
- Mohamed, M. (19)
- Moulin, Emmanuel (19)
- Niemiec, J. (19)
- Ohm, S. (19)
- Peyaud, B. (19)
- Pita, S. (19)
- Punch, M. (19)
- Quirrenbach, A. (19)
- Raab, S. (19)
- Romoli, C. (19)
- Rowell, G. (19)
- Rudak, B. (19)
- Santangelo, Andrea (19)
- Schwemmer, S. (19)
- Tavernier, T. (19)
- Taylor, A. M. (19)
- Terrier, R. (19)
- Trichard, C. (19)
- Veh, J. (19)
- Vincent, P. (19)
- Vuillaume, T. (19)
- Wagner, S. J. (19)
- White, R. (19)
- Wierzcholska, A. (19)
- Zacharias, M. (19)
- Zdziarski, A. A. (19)
- Zech, Alraune (19)
- Bordas, Pol (18)
- Davids, I. D. (18)
- Donath, A. (18)
- Fegan, S. (18)
- Fontaine, G. (18)
- Gallant, Y. A. (18)
- Glicenstein, J. F. (18)
- Hahn, J. (18)
- Henri, G. (18)
- Hermann, G. (18)
- Hofmann, W. (18)
- Horns, D. (18)
- Jamrozy, M. (18)
- Kastendieck, M. A. (18)
- Katarzynski, K. (18)
- Kluzniak, W. (18)
- Kosack, K. (18)
- Lohse, T. (18)
- Marx, R. (18)
- Murach, T. (18)
- Oakes, L. (18)
- Odaka, H. (18)
- Ostrowski, M. (18)
- Panter, M. (18)
- Parsons, R. D. (18)
- Reimer, A. (18)
- Reimer, O. (18)
- Renaud, M. (18)
- Rieger, F. (18)
- Schulz, A. (18)
- Schwanke, U. (18)
- Sol, H. (18)
- Stawarz, L. (18)
- Steenkamp, R. (18)
- Stegmann, Christian (18)
- Tluczykont, M. (18)
- Vasileiadis, G. (18)
- Vink, J. (18)
- van Soelen, B. (18)
- Fuessling, M. (17)
- Gottschall, D. (17)
- Grondin, M. -H. (17)
- Heinzelmann, G. (17)
- Jacholkowska, A. (17)
- Lefaucheur, J. (17)
- Meyer, M. (17)
- Oya, I. (17)
- Schlickeiser, R. (17)
- Wagner, R. M. (17)
- Yang, R. (17)
- de Naurois, M. (17)
- Chakraborty, N. (16)
- Deil, C. (16)
- Djannati-Atai, A. (16)
- Farnier, C. (16)
- Hoischen, Clemens (16)
- Holler, M. (16)
- Jung-Richardt, I. (16)
- Laffon, H. (16)
- Lau, J. (16)
- Lenain, J. -P. (16)
- Marandon, V. (16)
- Maxted, N. (16)
- Mora, K. (16)
- Pelletier, G. (16)
- Prokoph, H. (16)
- Puehlhofer, G. (16)
- Rulten, C. B. (16)
- Sahakian, V. (16)
- Sasaki, M. (16)
- Seyffert, A. S. (16)
- Simoni, R. (16)
- Tjus, J. Becker (16)
- Tuffs, R. (16)
- Venter, C. (16)
- Voelk, H. J. (16)
- Wagner, P. (16)
- Willmann, P. (16)
- Wouters, D. (16)
- Zaborov, D. (16)
- deWilt, P. (16)
- van Eldik, C. (16)
- Backes, M. (15)
- Becherini, Y. (15)
- Benkhali, F. Ait (15)
- Berge, D. (15)
- Blackwell, R. (15)
- Boisson, C. (15)
- Brun, F. (15)
- Brun, P. (15)
- Bryan, M. (15)
- Bulik, T. (15)
- Chen, A. (15)
- Dutson, K. (15)
- Edwards, T. (15)
- Fernandes, M. V. (15)
- Funk, S. (15)
- Garrigoux, T. (15)
- Ivascenko, A. (15)
- Jankowsky, D. (15)
- Klochkov, D. (15)
- Komin, Nu. (15)
- Krakau, S. (15)
- Mariaud, C. (15)
- Mitchell, A. M. W. (15)
- Niederwanger, F. (15)
- Pekeur, N. W. (15)
- Petrucci, P. -O. (15)
- Shafi, N. (15)
- Tavernet, J. -P. (15)
- Viana, A. (15)
- Voisin, F. (15)
- Wadiasingh, Z. (15)
- Woernlein, A. (15)
- Ziegler, A. (15)
- Zywucka, N. (15)
- Abdalla, Hassan E. (14)
- Barnard, M. (14)
- Bregeon, J. (14)
- Capasso, M. (14)
- Chaves, R. C. G. (14)
- Colafrancesco, S. (14)
- Condon, B. (14)
- Ernenwein, J. -P. (14)
- Eschbach, S. (14)
- Giebels, B. (14)
- Kerszberg, D. (14)
- King, J. (14)
- Kraus, M. (14)
- Mayer, M. (14)
- Spanier, F. (14)
- Zefi, F. (14)
- Arrieta, M. (13)
- Bernloehr, K. (13)
- Chevalier, J. (13)
- Devin, J. (13)
- Dirson, L. (13)
- Haupt, M. (13)
- Hawkes, J. (13)
- Hinton, J. A. (13)
- Jouvin, L. (13)
- Leser, Eva (13)
- Lorentz, M. (13)
- Lypova, I. (13)
- Mohrmann, L. (13)
- Poon, H. (13)
- Sanchez, D. A. (13)
- Tiziani, D. (13)
- Uchiyama, Y. (13)
- de los Reyes, R. (13)
- Abramowski, A. (12)
- Akhperjanian, A. G. (12)
- Balzer, A. (12)
- Bernhard, S. (12)
- Cerruti, M. (12)
- Conrad, J. (12)
- Domainko, W. (12)
- Eger, P. (12)
- Janiak, M. (12)
- Jingo, M. (12)
- Liu, R. (12)
- Lopez-Coto, R. (12)
- Padovani, M. (12)
- Perennes, C. (12)
- Prokhorov, D. (12)
- Salek, D. (12)
- Schuessler, F. (12)
- Shilon, I. (12)
- Spengler, G. (12)
- Stycz, K. (12)
- Sushch, I. (12)
- van der Walt, D. J. (12)
- Boettcher, M. (11)
- Chalme-Calvet, R. (11)
- Chretien, M. (11)
- Cui, Y. (11)
- Degrange, B. (11)
- Foerster, A. (11)
- Gajdus, M. (11)
- Hervet, O. (11)
- Kolitzus, D. (11)
- Krueger, P. P. (11)
- Lees, J. -P. (11)
- Lefranc, V. (11)
- Piel, Q. (11)
- Spies, F. (11)
- Takahashi, T. (11)
- Tibaldo, L. (11)
- van Rensburg, C. (11)
- Aubert, P. (10)
- Khangulyan, D. (10)
- Kieffer, M. (10)
- Seglar-Arroyo, M. (10)
- Zabalza, V. (10)
- Zanin, R. (10)
- Anguener, E. O. (9)
- Arakawa, M. (9)
- Carr, J. (9)
- Cologna, G. (9)
- Decock, J. (9)
- Dubus, G. (9)
- Hadasch, D. (9)
- Iwasaki, H. (9)
- Katsuragawa, M. (9)
- Krayzel, F. (9)
- Nakashima, S. (9)
- Rosier-Lees, S. (9)
- Saito, S. (9)
- Settimo, M. (9)
- Stinzing, F. (9)
- Tsuji, N. (9)
- Arribas, M. Paz (8)
- Bonnefoy, S. (8)
- Carosi, A. (8)
- Jogler, T. (8)
- Rauth, R. (8)
- Buechele, M. (7)
- Caroff, S. (7)
- Emery, G. (7)
- Glawion, D. (7)
- Malyshev, D. (7)
- Ndiyavala, H. (7)
- Oettl, S. (7)
- Rinchiuso, L. (7)
- Shiningayamwe, K. (7)
- Spir-Jacob, M. (7)
- Tsirou, M. (7)
- Zorn, J. (7)
- Andersson, T. (6)
- Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan (6)
- Birsin, E. (6)
- Couturier, C. (6)
- Dyrda, M. (6)
- Gate, F. (6)
- Goyal, A. (6)
- Grudzinska, M. (6)
- Hillert, A. (6)
- Hinton, James Anthony (6)
- Sanchez, David M. (6)
- Schussler, F. (6)
- Steppa, Constantin Beverly (6)
- Holch, T. L. (5)
- Menzler, U. (5)
- Poireau, V. (5)
- Reichardt, I. (5)
- Valerius, K. (5)
- Abramowski, Attila (4)
- Arcaro, C. (4)
- Armand, C. (4)
- Backes, Michael (4)
- Balzer, Arnim (4)
- Becherini, Yvonne (4)
- Berge, David (4)
- Bernhard, Sabrina (4)
- Boisson, Catherine (4)
- Bottcher, M. (4)
- Bregeon, Johan (4)
- Brun, Francois (4)
- Brun, Pierre (4)
- Bryan, Mark (4)
- Bulik, Tomasz (4)
- Chaves, Ryan C. G. (4)
- Colafrancesco, Sergio (4)
- Conrad, Jan (4)
- Espigat, P. (4)
- Fernandez, D. (4)
- Haeffner, S. (4)
- Komin, Nu (4)
- Lopatin, A. (4)
- Prokhorov, D. A. (4)
- Sushch, Iurii (4)
- Wilhelmi, E. de Ona (4)
- Balenderan, Shangkari (3)
- Barnacka, Anna (3)
- Benkhali, Faical Ait (3)
- Bernlöhr, K. (3)
- Biteau, Jonathan (3)
- Bylund, T. (3)
- Carrigan, Svenja (3)
- Chadwick, Paula M. (3)
- Chand, T. (3)
- Chandra, S. (3)
- Coffaro, M. (3)
- Cologna, Gabriele (3)
- Djannati-Ataï, A. (3)
- Dmytriiev, A. (3)
- Feinstein, F. (3)
- Goya, A. (3)
- Hofverberg, P. (3)
- Holch, Tim Lukas (3)
- Holler, Markus (3)
- Huber, D. (3)
- Jahn, C. (3)
- Kaufmann, S. (3)
- Marti-Devesa, G. (3)
- Mehault, J. (3)
- Moore, C. (3)
- Noel, A. Priyana (3)
- Opitz, B. (3)
- Petrucci, P-O (3)
- Richter, S. (3)
- Ruiz-Velasco, E. (3)
- Safi-Harb, S. (3)
- Schwarzburg, S. (3)
- Senniappan, M. (3)
- Sinha, A. (3)
- Specovius, A. (3)
- Volpe, F. (3)
- Weidinger, M. (3)
- van der Walt, J. (3)
- Ashkar, H. (2)
- Bernlohr, K. (2)
- Boettcher, Markus (2)
- Breuhaus, M. (2)
- Böttcher, Markus (2)
- Carrigan, S. (2)
- Curylo, M. (2)
- Dei, C. (2)
- Doroshenko, V (2)
- Einecke, S. (2)
- Feijen, K. (2)
- Fukui, Y. (2)
- Grondin, M-H (2)
- Harris, J. (2)
- Jung-Richardt, I (2)
- Kostunin, D. (2)
- Kruger, P. P. (2)
- Lenain, J-P (2)
- Levy, C. (2)
- Lu, C. -C. (2)
- Lypova, I (2)
- Mackey, J. (2)
- Majumdar, J. (2)
- Marandon, V (2)
- Mares, A. (2)
- Martins, V. Barbosa (2)
- McComb, T. J. L. (2)
- Mitche, A. M. W. (2)
- Muller, J. (2)
- Nolan, S. J. (2)
- Oya, I (2)
- Poireau, V (2)
- Remy, Q. (2)
- Sahakian, V (2)
- Schutte, H. (2)
- Tavernet, J-P (2)
- Van Eldik, C. (2)
- Venters, C. (2)
- Vorster, M. (2)
- Ward, M. (2)
- Weitzel, Q. (2)
- Yoneda, H. (2)
- Abdalla, H. (1)
- Acosta, M. Vazquez (1)
- Adam, R. (1)
- Ahnen, M. L. (1)
- Anguenee, E. O. (1)
- Anguener, O. (1)
- Anguner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan (1)
- Anibas, M. Paz (1)
- Ansoldi, S. (1)
- Antonelli, L. A. (1)
- Armstrong, T. (1)
- Aubert, Pierre (1)
- Babie, A. (1)
- Baghmanyan, V. (1)
- Banerjee, B. (1)
- Bangale, P. (1)
- Barnacka, A. (1)
- Barnard, Michelle (1)
- Barrio, J. A. (1)
- Bednarek, W. (1)
- Benkhali, Faical Ait (1)
- Bernardini, E. (1)
- Bernlöhr, Konrad (1)
- Berti, A. (1)
- Bi, B. (1)
- Biasuzzi, B. (1)
- Biland, A. (1)
- Bilchele, M. (1)
- Blanch, O. (1)
- Bonnoli, G. (1)
- Borracci, F. (1)
- Btichele, M. (1)
- Buchele, M. (1)
- Carosi, R. (1)
- Chadwick, P. M. (1)
- Chakraborty, Nachiketa (1)
- Chatraborty, N. (1)
- Chatterjee, A. (1)
- Chen, Andrew (1)
- Colin, P. (1)
- Colombo, E. (1)
- Contreras, J. L. (1)
- Cortina, J. (1)
- Cotter, G. (1)
- Couturier, Claire (1)
- Covino, S. (1)
- Cui, Yudong (1)
- Cumani, P. (1)
- Da Vela, P. (1)
- Dalton, M. (1)
- Davids, Isak Delberth (1)
- Davies, J. (1)
- Dazzi, F. (1)
- De Angelis, A. (1)
- De Los Reyes, R. (1)
- De Lotto, B. (1)
- De Naurois, M. (1)
- Degrange, Bernhard (1)
- Deil, Christoph (1)
- Dewilt, P. (1)
- Di Pierro, F. (1)
- Dickinson, H. J. (1)
- Doert, M. (1)
- Domainko, Wilfried (1)
- Dominguez, A. (1)
- Donath, Axel (1)
- Dorner, D. (1)
- Doro, M. (1)
- Doroshenko, V. (1)
- Duffy, C. (1)
- Edwards, Tanya (1)
- Eger, Peter (1)
- Eichhorn, F. (1)
- Elsaesser, D. (1)
- Engelkemeier, M. (1)
- Enokiya, R. (1)
- Ernenwein, J-P (1)
- Ernenwein, J-p (1)
- Fegan, Stephen (1)
- Feinstein, Fabrice (1)
- Fernandes, Milton Virgilio (1)
- Fernandez, Diane (1)
- Fernandez-Barra, A. (1)
- Fidalgo, D. (1)
- Fonseca, M. V. (1)
- Font, L. (1)
- Fontaine, Gerard (1)
- Forster, A. (1)
- Fruck, C. (1)
- Ftifiling, M. (1)
- Fukuda, T. (1)
- Fukuyama, T. (1)
- Fussling, Matthias (1)
- Förster, Andreas (1)
- Galindo, D. (1)
- Gallant, Yves A. (1)
- Garcia, J. R. (1)
- Garczarczyk, M. (1)
- Garrigoux, Tania (1)
- Gast, H. (1)
- Gaug, M. (1)
- Giammaria, P. (1)
- Giebels, Berrie (1)
- Giunti, L. (1)
- Glawion, D. Eisenacher (1)
- Glicenstein, Jean-Francois (1)
- Godinovie, N. (1)
- Gonzalez, J. Becerra (1)
- Gora, D. (1)
- Gottschal, D. (1)
- Gottschall, Daniel (1)
- Griffiths, S. (1)
- Guberman, D. (1)
- Hadasch, Daniela (1)
- Hahn, A. (1)
- Hahn, Joachim (1)
- Harris, Jonathan (1)
- Hassan, T. (1)
- Hayakawa, T. (1)
- Hayashida, M. (1)
- Heinzelmann, Götz (1)
- Hermann, German (1)
- Herrera, J. (1)
- Hillert, Andreas (1)
- Hofmann, Werner (1)
- Hofverberg, Petter (1)
- Horbe, M. (1)
- Horns, Dieter (1)
- Hose, J. (1)
- Hrupec, D. (1)
- Hughes, G. (1)
- Ishio, K. (1)
- Ivascenko, Alex (1)
- Jamrozy, Marek (1)
- Jardin-Blicq, A. (1)
- Joshi, V. (1)
- Jung-Richardt, O. (1)
- Kasai, E. (1)
- Kastendieck, Max Anton (1)
- Katarzyfiski, K. (1)
- Katsuta, J. (1)
- Kieffer, Michel (1)
- Klochkov, Dmitry (1)
- Kluiniak, W. (1)
- Kolitzus, David (1)
- Konno, R. (1)
- Konno, Y. (1)
- Kosack, Karl (1)
- Krakau, Steffen (1)
- Kreter, M. (1)
- Krtiger, P. P. (1)
- Krueger, Pat P. (1)
- Kruer, P. P. (1)
- Kubo, H. (1)
- Kushida, J. (1)
- Kuvezdie, D. (1)
- Lefranc, Valentin (1)
- Lelas, D. (1)
- Lenain, J. P. (1)
- Leser, E. (1)
- Lindfors, E. (1)
- Lohse, Thomas (1)
- Lombardi, S. (1)
- Longo, F. (1)
- Lopez, M. (1)
- Lopez, R. J. Garcia (1)
- Lopez-Oramas, A. (1)
- Lu, C-C (1)
- Lu, Chia-Chun (1)
- Lui, R. (1)
- Majumdar, P. (1)
- Makariev, M. (1)
- Maneva, G. (1)
- Manganaro, M. (1)
- Mannheim, K. (1)
- Marandon, Vincent (1)
- Maraschi, L. (1)
- Marchegiani, P. (1)
- Mariotti, M. (1)
- Martinez, M. (1)
- Marx, Ramin (1)
- Maxted, Nigel (1)
- Mayer, Markus (1)
- Mayer, Michael (1)
- Mazin, D. (1)
- Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene (1)
- McComb, T. J. Lowry (1)
- Menzel, U. (1)
- Menzler, Ulf (1)
- Minev, M. (1)
- Mirzoyan, R. (1)
- Mitchell, A. (1)
- Mitchell, Alison M. W. (1)
- Montanari, A. (1)
- Moralejo, A. (1)
- Moreno, V. (1)
- Moretti, E. (1)
- Moroni, P. G. Prada (1)
- Morris, P. (1)
- Munar-Adrover, P. (1)
- Murach, Thomas (1)
- Nakashima, K. (1)
- Nayerhoda, A. (1)
- Neustroev, V. (1)
- Niedzwiecki, A. (1)
- Nilsson, K. (1)
- Nishijima, K. (1)
- Noda, K. (1)
- Nogues, L. (1)
- Nolan, Sam J. (1)
- O'Brien, Patrick (1)
- Oakes, Louise (1)
- Odaka, Hirokazu (1)
- Okuda, T. (1)
- Olivera-Nieto, L. (1)
- Optiz, Björn (1)
- Ostrowski, Michal (1)
- Ott, S. (1)
- Paiano, S. (1)
- Palacio, J. (1)
- Paneque, D. (1)
- Panny, S. (1)
- Panter, Michael (1)
- Paoletti, R. (1)
- Paredes, J. M. (1)
- Paredes-Fortuny, X. (1)
- Parsons, R. Daniel (1)
- Pedaletti, G. (1)
- Pekeur, Nikki W. (1)
- Peresano, M. (1)
- Peron, G. (1)
- Perri, L. (1)
- Persic, M. (1)
- Pie, Q. (1)
- Poon, Helen (1)
- Poona, H. (1)
- Prandini, E. (1)
- Prester, D. Dominis (1)
- Ptffilhofer, G. (1)
- Puhlhofer, G. (1)
- Puljak, I. (1)
- Pühlhofer, Gerd (1)
- Ramazani, V. Fallah (1)
- Reichherzer, P. (1)
- Reimer, Anita (1)
- Reimer, Olaf (1)
- Renaud, Metz (1)
- Reyes, R. de Los (1)
- Rhode, W. (1)
- Rico, J. (1)
- Rieger, Frank (1)
- Riti, M. (1)
- Rosillo, M. Nievas (1)
- Sahakian, Vardan (1)
- Sailer, S. (1)
- Saito, T. (1)
- Sano, H. (1)
- Satalecka, K. (1)
- Scalici, M. (1)
- Schandri, M. (1)
- Schlickeiser, Reinhard (1)
- Schroeder, S. (1)
- Schtissler, F. (1)
- Schutte, H. M. (1)
- Schwanke, Ullrich (1)
- Schweizer, T. (1)
- Shilon, I (1)
- Shore, S. N. (1)
- Sillanpaa, A. (1)
- Sitarek, J. (1)
- So, H. (1)
- Sobczynskall, D. (1)
- Spanie, F. (1)
- Spanier, Felix (1)
- Spencer, S. (1)
- Spies, Franziska (1)
- Stamerra, A. (1)
- Stawarz, Lukasz (1)
- Steenkamp, Riaan (1)
- Stegmann, C. (1)
- Steinmassl, S. (1)
- Steppa, C. (1)
- Strzys, M. (1)
- Sun, L. (1)
- Surie, T. (1)
- Takalo, L. (1)
- Tavecchio, F. (1)
- Temnikov, P. (1)
- Terzie, T. (1)
- Tescaro, D. (1)
- Teshima, M. (1)
- Tjus, Julia Becker (1)
- Tluczykont, Martin (1)
- Tomankova, L. (1)
- Torii, K. (1)
- Torres, D. F. (1)
- Torres-Alla, N. (1)
- Treves, A. (1)
- Uner, E. O. Ang (1)
- Van Rensburg, C. (1)
- Van Soelen, B. (1)
- Van der Walt, D. J. (1)
- Vanzo, G. (1)
- Vasileiadis, Georges (1)
- Venter, Christo (1)
- Viana, Aion (1)
- Vink, Jacco (1)
- Vok, H. J. (1)
- Volk, H. J. (1)
- Volpe, Francesca (1)
- Vorster, Martine (1)
- Vovk, I. (1)
- Völk, Heinrich J. (1)
- Ward, J. E. (1)
- Ward, Martin (1)
- Watson, J. (1)
- Weidinger, Matthias (1)
- Weitzel, Quirin (1)
- Werner, F. (1)
- Will, M. (1)
- Wong, Yu Wun (1)
- Wornlein, A. (1)
- Wu, M. H. (1)
- Yamamoto, H. (1)
- Yang, Ruizhi (1)
- Yoshiike, S. (1)
- Yusafzai, A. (1)
- Zabalza, Victor (1)
- Zaborov, Dmitry (1)
- Zargaryan, D. (1)
- Zarie, D. (1)
- Zechlin, H-S (1)
- Zechlin, H. -S. (1)
- Zechlin, Hannes -S. (1)
- Zhu, S. J. (1)
- Zouari, S. (1)
- Zywuckan, N. (1)
- de Almeida, U. Barres (1)
- de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet (1)
- de Lavergne, M. de Bony (1)
- de Naurois, Mathieu (1)
- de Wilt, P. (1)
- de los Reyes, Raquel (1)
- dewilt, P. (1)
- van Edik, C. (1)
Language
- English (19)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (19)
Keywords
- gamma rays: general (19) (remove)
Institute
Ahnen, M. L. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Arcaro, C. ; Babie, A. ; Banerjee, B. ; Bangale, P. ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Barrio, J. A. ; Gonzalez, J. Becerra ; Bednarek, W. ; Bernardini, E. ; Berti, A. ; Biasuzzi, B. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch, O. ; Bonnefoy, S. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Borracci, F. ; Carosi, R. ; Carosi, A. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Cumani, P. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Lotto, B. ; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona ; Di Pierro, F. ; Doert, M. ; Dominguez, A. ; Prester, D. Dominis ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Einecke, S. ; Glawion, D. Eisenacher ; Elsaesser, D. ; Engelkemeier, M. ; Ramazani, V. Fallah ; Fernandez-Barra, A. ; Fidalgo, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; Lopez, R. J. Garcia ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Gaug, M. ; Giammaria, P. ; Godinovie, N. ; Gora, D. ; Griffiths, S. ; Guberman, D. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hahn, A. ; Hassan, T. ; Hayashida, M. ; Herrera, J. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Hughes, G. ; Ishio, K. ; Konno, Y. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; Kuvezdie, D. ; Lelas, D. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; Lopez, M. ; Lopez-Oramas, A. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, M. ; Maneva, G. ; Manganaro, M. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Menzel, U. ; Minev, M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Moralejo, A. ; Moreno, V. ; Moretti, E. ; Munar-Adrover, P. ; Neustroev, V. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Rosillo, M. Nievas ; Nilsson, K. ; Nishijima, K. ; Noda, K. ; Nogues, L. ; Paiano, S. ; Palacio, J. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Paredes-Fortuny, X. ; Pedaletti, G. ; Peresano, M. ; Perri, L. ; Persic, M. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Garcia, J. R. ; Reichardt, I. ; Rhode, W. ; Riti, M. ; Rico, J. ; Saito, T. ; Satalecka, K. ; Schroeder, S. ; Schweizer, T. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Sobczynskall, D. ; Stamerra, A. ; Strzys, M. ; Surie, T. ; Takalo, L. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzie, T. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Torres, D. F. ; Torres-Alla, N. ; Treves, A. ; Vanzo, G. ; Acosta, M. Vazquez ; Vovk, I. ; Ward, J. E. ; Will, M. ; Wu, M. H. ; Zarie, D. ; Abdalla, Hassan E. ; Abramowski, A. ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Benkhali, F. Ait ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Andersson, T. ; Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan ; Arakawa, M. ; Arrieta, M. ; Aubert, P. ; Backes, M. ; Balzer, A. ; Barnard, M. ; Becherini, Y. ; Tjus, J. Becker ; Berge, D. ; Bernhard, S. ; Bernlohr, K. ; Blackwell, R. ; Bottcher, M. ; Boisson, C. ; Bolmont, J. ; Bordas, Pol ; Bregeon, J. ; Brun, F. ; Brun, P. ; Bryan, M. ; Btichele, M. ; Bulik, T. ; Capasso, M. ; Carr, J. ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Cerruti, M. ; Chakraborty, N. ; Chalme-Calvet, R. ; Chaves, R. C. G. ; Chen, A. ; Chevalier, J. ; Chretien, M. ; Coffaro, M. ; Colafrancesco, S. ; Cologna, G. ; Condon, B. ; Conrad, J. ; Cui, Y. ; Davids, I. D. ; Decock, J. ; Degrange, B. ; Dei, C. ; Devin, J. ; Dewilt, P. ; Dirson, L. ; Djannati-Atai, A. ; Domainko, W. ; Donath, A. ; Dutson, K. ; Dyks, J. ; Edwards, T. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eger, P. ; Ernenwein, J. -P. ; Eschbach, S. ; Farnier, C. ; Fegan, S. ; Fernandes, M. V. ; Fiasson, A. ; Fontaine, G. ; Forster, A. ; Funk, S. ; Ftifiling, M. ; Gabici, S. ; Gajdus, M. ; Gallant, Y. A. ; Garrigoux, T. ; Giavitto, G. ; Giebels, B. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Gottschal, D. ; Goya, A. ; Grondin, M. -H. ; Hahn, J. ; Haupt, M. ; Hawkes, J. ; Heinzelmann, G. ; Henri, G. ; Hermann, G. ; Hervet, O. ; Hinton, J. A. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hoischen, Clemens ; Holler, M. ; Horns, D. ; Ivascenko, A. ; Iwasaki, H. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Jamrozy, M. ; Janiak, M. ; Jankowsky, D. ; Jankowsky, F. ; Jingo, M. ; Jogler, T. ; Jouvin, L. ; Jung-Richardt, I. ; Kastendieck, M. A. ; Katarzyfiski, K. ; Katsuragawa, M. ; Katz, U. ; Kerszberg, D. ; Khangulyan, D. ; Khelifi, B. ; Kieffer, M. ; King, J. ; Klepser, S. ; Klochkov, D. ; Kluiniak, W. ; Kolitzus, D. ; Komin, Nu. ; Kosack, K. ; Krakau, S. ; Kraus, M. ; Krtiger, P. P. ; Laffon, H. ; Lamanna, G. ; Lau, J. ; Lees, J. -P. ; Lefaucheur, J. ; Lefranc, V. ; Lemiere, A. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Leser, Eva ; Lohse, T. ; Lorentz, M. ; Liu, R. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lypova, I. ; Marandon, V. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Mariaud, C. ; Marx, R. ; Maurin, G. ; Maxted, N. ; Mayer, M. ; Meintjes, P. J. ; Meyer, M. ; Mitche, A. M. W. ; Moderski, R. ; Mohamed, M. ; Mohrmann, L. ; Mora, K. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Murach, T. ; Nakashima, S. ; De Naurois, M. ; Niederwanger, F. ; Niemiec, J. ; Oakes, L. ; Odaka, H. ; Ott, S. ; Ohm, S. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Oya, I. ; Padovani, M. ; Panter, M. ; Parsons, R. D. ; Pekeur, N. W. ; Pelletier, G. ; Perennes, C. ; Petrucci, P. -O. ; Peyaud, B. ; Pie, Q. ; Pita, S. ; Poon, H. ; Prokhorov, D. ; Prokoph, H. ; Ptffilhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Raab, S. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; De Los Reyes, R. ; Richter, S. ; Rieger, F. ; Romoli, C. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. B. ; Safi-Harb, S. ; Sahakian, V. ; Saito, S. ; Salek, D. ; Sanchez, D. A. ; Santangelo, Andrea ; Sasaki, M. ; Schlickeiser, R. ; Schtissler, F. ; Schulz, A. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwemmer, S. ; Seglar-Arroyo, M. ; Settimo, M. ; Seyffert, A. S. ; Shafi, N. ; Shilon, I. ; Simoni, R. ; So, H. ; Spanier, F. ; Spengler, G. ; Spies, F. ; Stawarz, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, Christian ; Stycz, K. ; Sushch, I. ; Takahashi, T. ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Tavernier, T. ; Taylor, A. M. ; Terrier, R. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tiziani, D. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Trichard, C. ; Tsuji, N. ; Tuffs, R. ; Uchiyama, Y. ; Van der Walt, D. J. ; Van Eldik, C. ; Van Rensburg, C. ; Van Soelen, B. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Veh, J. ; Venter, C. ; Viana, A. ; Vincent, P. ; Vink, J. ; Voisin, F. ; Vok, H. J. ; Vuillaume, T. ; Wadiasingh, Z. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Wagner, P. ; Wagner, R. M. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Willmann, P. ; Wornlein, A. ; Wouters, D. ; Yang, R. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zaborov, D. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zanin, R. ; Zdziarski, A. A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zefi, F. ; Ziegler, A. ; Zywuckan, N.
Context. The large jet kinetic power and non-thermal processes occurring in the microquasar SS 433 make this source a good candidate for a very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emitter. Gamma-ray fluxes above the sensitivity limits of current Cherenkov telescopes have been predicted for both the central X-ray binary system and the interaction regions of SS 433 jets with the surrounding W50 nebula. Non-thermal emission at lower energies has been previously reported, indicating that efficient particle acceleration is taking place in the system. Aims. We explore the capability of SS 433 to emit VHE gamma rays during periods in which the expected flux attenuation due to periodic eclipses (P-orb similar to 13.1 days) and precession of the circumstellar disk (P-pre similar to 162 days) periodically covering the central binary system is expected to be at its minimum. The eastern and western SS 433/W50 interaction regions are also examined using the whole data set available. We aim to constrain some theoretical models previously developed for this system with our observations. Methods. We made use of dedicated observations from the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC) and High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of SS 433 taken from 2006 to 2011. These observation were combined for the first time and accounted for a total effective observation time of 16.5 h, which were scheduled considering the expected phases of minimum absorption of the putative VHE emission. Gamma-ray attenuation does not affect the jet/medium interaction regions. In this case, the analysis of a larger data set amounting to similar to 40-80 h, depending on the region, was employed. Results. No evidence of VHE gamma-ray emission either from the central binary system or from the eastern/western interaction regions was found. Upper limits were computed for the combined data set. Differential fluxes from the central system are found to be less than or similar to 10(-12)-10(-13) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1) in an energy interval ranging from similar to few x 100 GeV to similar to few TeV. Integral flux limits down to similar to 10(-12)-10(-13) ph cm(-2) s(-1) and similar to 10(-13)-10(-14) ph cm(-2) s(-1) are obtained at 300 and 800 GeV, respectively. Our results are used to place constraints on the particle acceleration fraction at the inner jet regions and on the physics of the jet/medium interactions. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the fraction of the jet kinetic power that is transferred to relativistic protons must be relatively small in SS 433, q(p) <= 2.5 x 10(-5), to explain the lack of TeV and neutrino emission from the central system. At the SS 433/W50 interface, the presence of magnetic fields greater than or similar to 10 mu G is derived assuming a synchrotron origin for the observed X-ray emission. This also implies the presence of high-energy electrons with E-e up to 50 TeV, preventing an efficient production of gamma-ray fluxes in these interaction regions.
Abdalla, Hassan E. ; Abramowski, A. ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Benkhali, F. Ait ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Andersson, T. ; Anguener, E. O. ; Arakawa, M. ; Arrieta, M. ; Aubert, P. ; Backes, M. ; Balzer, A. ; Barnard, M. ; Becherini, Y. ; Tjus, J. Becker ; Berge, D. ; Bernhard, S. ; Bernloehr, K. ; Blackwell, R. ; Boettcher, M. ; Boisson, C. ; Bolmont, J. ; Bonnefoy, S. ; Bordas, Pol ; Bregeon, J. ; Brun, F. ; Brun, P. ; Bryan, M. ; Buechele, M. ; Bulik, T. ; Capasso, M. ; Carr, J. ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Cerruti, M. ; Chakraborty, N. ; Chaves, R. C. G. ; Chen, A. ; Chevalier, J. ; Coffaro, M. ; Colafrancesco, S. ; Cologna, G. ; Condon, B. ; Conrad, J. ; Cui, Y. ; Davids, I. D. ; Decock, J. ; Degrange, B. ; Deil, C. ; Devin, J. ; deWilt, P. ; Dirson, L. ; Djannati-Atai, A. ; Domainko, W. ; Donath, A. ; Dutson, K. ; Dyks, J. ; Edwards, T. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eger, P. ; Ernenwein, J. -P. ; Eschbach, S. ; Farnier, C. ; Fegan, S. ; Fernandes, M. V. ; Fiasson, A. ; Fontaine, G. ; Foerster, A. ; Funk, S. ; Fuessling, M. ; Gabici, S. ; Gallant, Y. A. ; Garrigoux, T. ; Giavitto, G. ; Giebels, B. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Gottschall, D. ; Goyal, A. ; Grondin, M. -H. ; Hahn, J. ; Haupt, M. ; Hawkes, J. ; Heinzelmann, G. ; Henri, G. ; Hermann, G. ; Hinton, J. A. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hoischen, Clemens ; Holch, T. L. ; Holler, M. ; Horns, D. ; Ivascenko, A. ; Iwasaki, H. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Jamrozy, M. ; Janiak, M. ; Jankowsky, D. ; Jankowsky, F. ; Jingo, M. ; Jogler, T. ; Jouvin, L. ; Jung-Richardt, I. ; Kastendieck, M. A. ; Katarzynski, K. ; Katsuragawa, M. ; Katz, U. ; Kerszberg, D. ; Khangulyan, D. ; Khelifi, B. ; King, J. ; Klepser, S. ; Klochkov, D. ; Kluzniak, W. ; Kolitzus, D. ; Komin, Nu. ; Kosack, K. ; Krakau, S. ; Kraus, M. ; Krueger, P. P. ; Laffon, H. ; Lamanna, G. ; Lau, J. ; Lees, J. -P. ; Lefaucheur, J. ; Lefranc, V. ; Lemiere, A. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Leser, Eva ; Lohse, T. ; Lorentz, M. ; Liu, R. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lypova, I. ; Marandon, V. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Mariaud, C. ; Marx, R. ; Maurin, G. ; Maxted, N. ; Mayer, M. ; Meintjes, P. J. ; Meyer, M. ; Mitchell, A. M. W. ; Moderski, R. ; Mohamed, M. ; Mohrmann, L. ; Mora, K. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Murach, T. ; Nakashima, S. ; de Naurois, M. ; Niederwanger, F. ; Niemiec, J. ; Oakes, L. ; Odaka, H. ; Ohm, S. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Oya, I. ; Padovani, M. ; Panter, M. ; Parsons, R. D. ; Pekeur, N. W. ; Pelletier, G. ; Perennes, C. ; Petrucci, P. -O. ; Peyaud, B. ; Piel, Q. ; Pita, S. ; Poon, H. ; Prokhorov, D. ; Prokoph, H. ; Puehlhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Raab, S. ; Rauth, R. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; de los Reyes, R. ; Richter, S. ; Rieger, F. ; Romoli, C. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. B. ; Sahakian, V. ; Saito, S. ; Salek, D. ; Sanchez, D. A. ; Santangelo, Andrea ; Sasaki, M. ; Schlickeiser, R. ; Schuessler, F. ; Schulz, A. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwemmer, S. ; Seglar-Arroyo, M. ; Settimo, M. ; Seyffert, A. S. ; Shafi, N. ; Shilon, I. ; Simoni, R. ; Sol, H. ; Spanier, F. ; Spengler, G. ; Spies, F. ; Stawarz, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, Christian ; Stycz, K. ; Sushch, I. ; Takahashi, T. ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Tavernier, T. ; Taylor, A. M. ; Terrier, R. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tiziani, D. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Trichard, C. ; Tsuji, N. ; Tuffs, R. ; Uchiyama, Y. ; van der Walt, D. J. ; van Eldik, C. ; van Rensburg, C. ; van Soelen, B. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Veh, J. ; Venters, C. ; Viana, A. ; Vincent, P. ; Vink, J. ; Voisin, F. ; Voelk, H. J. ; Vuillaume, T. ; Wadiasingh, Z. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Wagner, P. ; Wagner, R. M. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Willmann, P. ; Woernlein, A. ; Wouters, D. ; Yang, R. ; Zaborov, D. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zanin, R. ; Zdziarski, A. A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zefi, F. ; Ziegler, A. ; Zywucka, N.
The diffuse very high-energy (VHE; > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission observed in the central 200 pc of the Milky Way by H.E.S.S. was found to follow dense matter distribution in the central molecular zone (CMZ) up to a longitudinal distance of about 130 pc to the Galactic centre (GC), where the flux rapidly decreases. This was initially interpreted as the result of a burst-like injection of energetic particles 104 yr ago, but a recent more sensitive H.E.S.S. analysis revealed that the cosmic-ray (CR) density profile drops with the distance to the centre, making data compatible with a steady cosmic PeVatron at the GC. In this paper, we extend this analysis to obtain, for the first time, a detailed characterisation of the correlation with matter and to search for additional features and individual gamma-ray sources in the inner 200 pc. Taking advantage of 250 h of H.E.S.S. data and improved analysis techniques, we perform a detailed morphology study of the diffuse VHE emission observed from the GC ridge and reconstruct its total spectrum. To test the various contributions to the total gamma-ray emission, we used an iterative 2D maximum-likelihood approach that allows us to build a phenomenological model of the emission by summing a number of different spatial components. We show that the emission correlated with dense matter covers the full CMZ and that its flux is about half the total diffuse emission flux. We also detect some emission at higher latitude that is likely produced by hadronic collisions of CRs in less dense regions of the GC interstellar medium. We detect an additional emission component centred on the GC and extending over about 15 pc that is consistent with the existence of a strong CR density gradient and confirms the presence of a CR accelerator at the very centre of our Galaxy. We show that the spectrum of full ridge diffuse emission is compatible with that previously derived from the central regions, suggesting that a single population of particles fills the entire CMZ. Finally, we report the discovery of a VHE gamma-ray source near the GC radio arc and argue that it is produced by the pulsar wind nebula candidate G0.13-0.11.
Abdalla, H. ; Adam, R. ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Benkhali, F. Ait ; Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan ; Arcaro, C. ; Armand, C. ; Armstrong, T. ; Ashkar, H. ; Backes, M. ; Baghmanyan, V. ; Martins, V. Barbosa ; Barnacka, A. ; Barnard, M. ; Becherini, Y. ; Berge, D. ; Bernlohr, K. ; Bi, B. ; Bottcher, M. ; Boisson, C. ; Bolmont, J. ; de Lavergne, M. de Bony ; Bordas, Pol ; Breuhaus, M. ; Brun, F. ; Brun, P. ; Bryan, M. ; Buchele, M. ; Bulik, T. ; Bylund, T. ; Caroff, S. ; Carosi, A. ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Chand, T. ; Chandra, S. ; Chen, A. ; Cotter, G. ; Curylo, M. ; Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene ; Davids, I. D. ; Davies, J. ; Deil, C. ; Devin, J. ; deWilt, P. ; Dirson, L. ; Djannati-Atai, A. ; Dmytriiev, A. ; Donath, A. ; Doroshenko, V. ; Duffy, C. ; Dyks, J. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eichhorn, F. ; Einecke, S. ; Emery, G. ; Ernenwein, J. -P. ; Feijen, K. ; Fegan, S. ; Fiasson, A. ; de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet ; Fontaine, G. ; Funk, S. ; Fussling, Matthias ; Gabici, S. ; Gallant, Y. A. ; Giavitto, G. ; Giunti, L. ; Glawion, D. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Gottschall, D. ; Grondin, M. -H. ; Hahn, J. ; Haupt, M. ; Hermann, G. ; Hinton, J. A. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hoischen, Clemens ; Holch, T. L. ; Holler, M. ; Horbe, M. ; Horns, D. ; Huber, D. ; Jamrozy, M. ; Jankowsky, D. ; Jankowsky, F. ; Jardin-Blicq, A. ; Joshi, V. ; Jung-Richardt, I. ; Kasai, E. ; Kastendieck, M. A. ; Katarzynski, K. ; Katz, U. ; Khangulyan, D. ; Khelifi, B. ; Klepser, S. ; Kluzniak, W. ; Komin, Nu. ; Konno, R. ; Kosack, K. ; Kostunin, D. ; Kreter, M. ; Lamanna, G. ; Lemiere, A. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Levy, C. ; Lohse, T. ; Lypova, I. ; Mackey, J. ; Majumdar, J. ; Malyshev, D. ; Malyshev, D. ; Marandon, V. ; Marchegiani, P. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Mares, A. ; Marti-Devesa, G. ; Marx, R. ; Maurin, G. ; Meintjes, P. J. ; Meyer, M. ; Mitchell, A. ; Moderski, R. ; Mohamed, M. ; Mohrmann, L. ; Montanari, A. ; Moore, C. ; Morris, P. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Muller, J. ; Murach, T. ; Nakashima, K. ; Nayerhoda, A. ; de Naurois, M. ; Ndiyavala, H. ; Niederwanger, F. ; Niemiec, J. ; Oakes, L. ; O'Brien, Patrick ; Odaka, H. ; Ohm, S. ; Olivera-Nieto, L. ; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona ; Ostrowski, M. ; Oya, I. ; Panter, M. ; Panny, S. ; Parsons, R. D. ; Peron, G. ; Peyaud, B. ; Piel, Q. ; Pita, S. ; Poireau, V. ; Noel, A. Priyana ; Prokhorov, D. A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Puhlhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Raab, S. ; Rauth, R. ; Reichherzer, P. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Remy, Q. ; Renaud, M. ; Rieger, F. ; Rinchiuso, L. ; Romoli, C. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Ruiz-Velasco, E. ; Sahakian, V. ; Sailer, S. ; Sanchez, D. A. ; Santangelo, Andrea ; Sasaki, M. ; Scalici, M. ; Schussler, F. ; Schutte, H. M. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwemmer, S. ; Seglar-Arroyo, M. ; Senniappan, M. ; Seyffert, A. S. ; Shafi, N. ; Shiningayamwe, K. ; Simoni, R. ; Sinha, A. ; Sol, H. ; Specovius, A. ; Spencer, S. ; Spir-Jacob, M. ; Stawarz, L. ; Sun, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, C. ; Steinmassl, S. ; Steppa, C. ; Takahashi, T. ; Tavernier, T. ; Taylor, A. M. ; Terrier, R. ; Tiziani, D. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Tomankova, L. ; Trichard, C. ; Tsirou, M. ; Tuffs, R. ; Uchiyama, Y. ; van der Walt, D. J. ; van Eldik, C. ; van Rensburg, C. ; van Soelen, B. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Veh, J. ; Venter, C. ; Vincent, P. ; Vink, J. ; Volk, H. J. ; Vuillaume, T. ; Wadiasingh, Z. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Watson, J. ; Werner, F. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Wong, Yu Wun ; Yusafzai, A. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zanin, R. ; Zargaryan, D. ; Zdziarski, A. A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zhu, S. J. ; Ziegler, A. ; Zorn, J. ; Zouari, S. ; Zywucka, N.
The unidentified very-high-energy (VHE; E > 0.1 TeV) gamma -ray source, HESS J1826-130, was discovered with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) in the Galactic plane. The analysis of 215 h of HESS data has revealed a steady gamma -ray flux from HESS J1826-130, which appears extended with a half-width of 0.21 degrees +/- 0.02 <br /> (stat)degrees <br /> stat degrees +/- 0.05 <br /> (sys)degrees sys degrees . The source spectrum is best fit with either a power-law function with a spectral index Gamma = 1.78 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and an exponential cut-off at 15.2 <br /> (+5.5)(-3.2) -3.2+5.5 TeV, or a broken power-law with Gamma (1) = 1.96 +/- 0.06(stat) +/- 0.20(sys), Gamma (2) = 3.59 +/- 0.69(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) for energies below and above E-br = 11.2 +/- 2.7 TeV, respectively. The VHE flux from HESS J1826-130 is contaminated by the extended emission of the bright, nearby pulsar wind nebula, HESS J1825-137, particularly at the low end of the energy spectrum. Leptonic scenarios for the origin of HESS J1826-130 VHE emission related to PSR J1826-1256 are confronted by our spectral and morphological analysis. In a hadronic framework, taking into account the properties of dense gas regions surrounding HESS J1826-130, the source spectrum would imply an astrophysical object capable of accelerating the parent particle population up to greater than or similar to 200 TeV. Our results are also discussed in a multiwavelength context, accounting for both the presence of nearby supernova remnants, molecular clouds, and counterparts detected in radio, X-rays, and TeV energies.
Abdalla, Hassan E. ; Abramowski, A. ; Aharonian, Felix A. ; Benkhali, F. Ait ; Akhperjanian, A. G. ; Anguenee, E. O. ; Arrieta, M. ; Aubert, P. ; Backes, M. ; Balzer, A. ; Barnard, M. ; Becherini, Y. ; Tjus, J. Becker ; Berge, D. ; Bernhard, S. ; Bernloehr, K. ; Birsin, E. ; Blackwell, R. ; Boettcher, M. ; Boisson, C. ; Bolmont, J. ; Bordas, Pol ; Bregeon, J. ; Brun, F. ; Brun, P. ; Bryan, M. ; Bulik, T. ; Capasso, M. ; Carr, J. ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Chadwick, P. M. ; Chakraborty, N. ; Chalme-Calvet, R. ; Chaves, R. C. G. ; Chen, A. ; Chevalier, J. ; Chretien, M. ; Colafrancesco, S. ; Cologna, G. ; Condon, B. ; Conrad, J. ; Couturier, C. ; Cui, Y. ; Davids, I. D. ; Degrange, B. ; Deil, C. ; deWilt, P. ; Dickinson, H. J. ; Djannati-Atai, A. ; Domainko, W. ; Donath, A. ; Dubus, G. ; Dutson, K. ; Dyks, J. ; Dyrda, M. ; Edwards, T. ; Egberts, Kathrin ; Eger, P. ; Ernenwein, J. -P. ; Eschbach, S. ; Farnier, C. ; Fegan, S. ; Fernandes, M. V. ; Fiasson, A. ; Fontaine, G. ; Foerster, A. ; Funk, S. ; Fuessling, M. ; Gabici, S. ; Gajdus, M. ; Gallant, Y. A. ; Garrigoux, T. ; Giavitto, G. ; Giebels, B. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Gottschall, D. ; Goya, A. ; Grondin, M. -H. ; Grudzinska, M. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hahn, J. ; Hawkes, J. ; Heinzelmann, G. ; Henri, G. ; Hermann, G. ; Hervet, O. ; Hillert, A. ; Hinton, J. A. ; Hofmann, W. ; Hoischen, Clemens ; Holler, M. ; Horns, D. ; Ivascenko, A. ; Jacholkowska, A. ; Jamrozy, M. ; Janiak, M. ; Jankowsky, D. ; Jankowsky, F. ; Jingo, M. ; Jogler, T. ; Jouvin, L. ; Jung-Richardt, I. ; Kastendieck, M. A. ; Katarzynski, K. ; Katz, U. ; Kerszberg, D. ; Khelifi, B. ; Kieffer, M. ; King, J. ; Klepser, S. ; Klochkov, D. ; Kluzniak, W. ; Kolitzus, D. ; Komin, Nu. ; Kosack, K. ; Krakau, S. ; Kraus, M. ; Krayzel, F. ; Krueger, P. P. ; Laffon, H. ; Lamanna, G. ; Lau, J. ; Lees, J. -P. ; Lefaucheur, J. ; Lefranc, V. ; Lemiere, A. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Lenain, J. -P. ; Leser, Eva ; Lohse, T. ; Lorentz, M. ; Liu, R. ; Lypova, I. ; Marandon, V. ; Marcowith, Alexandre ; Mariaud, C. ; Marx, R. ; Maurin, G. ; Maxted, N. ; Mayer, M. ; Meintjes, P. J. ; Menzler, U. ; Meyer, M. ; Mitchell, A. M. W. ; Moderski, R. ; Mohamed, M. ; Mora, K. ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Murach, T. ; de Naurois, M. ; Niederwanger, F. ; Niemiec, J. ; Oakes, L. ; Odaka, H. ; Oettl, S. ; Ohm, S. ; Ostrowski, M. ; Oya, I. ; Padovani, M. ; Panter, M. ; Parsons, R. D. ; Arribas, M. Paz ; Pekeur, N. W. ; Pelletier, G. ; Petrucci, P. -O. ; Peyaud, B. ; Pita, S. ; Poona, H. ; Prokhorov, D. ; Prokoph, H. ; Puehlhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Quirrenbach, A. ; Raab, S. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; de los Reyes, R. ; Rieger, F. ; Romoli, C. ; Rosier-Lees, S. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Rulten, C. B. ; Sahakian, V. ; Salek, D. ; Sanchez, D. A. ; Santangelo, Andrea ; Sasaki, M. ; Schlickeiser, R. ; Schuessler, F. ; Schulz, A. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schwemmer, S. ; Seyffert, A. S. ; Shafi, N. ; Shilon, I. ; Simoni, R. ; Sol, H. ; Spanier, F. ; Spengler, G. ; Spies, F. ; Stawarz, L. ; Steenkamp, R. ; Stegmann, Christian ; Stinzing, F. ; Stycz, K. ; Sushch, I. ; Tavernet, J. -P. ; Tavernier, T. ; Taylor, A. M. ; Terrier, R. ; Tluczykont, M. ; Trichard, C. ; Tuffs, R. ; van der Walt, J. ; van Eldik, C. ; van Soelen, B. ; Vasileiadis, G. ; Veh, J. ; Venters, C. ; Viana, A. ; Vincent, P. ; Vink, J. ; Voisin, F. ; Voelk, H. J. ; Vuillaume, T. ; Wadiasingh, Z. ; Wagner, S. J. ; Wagner, P. ; Wagner, R. M. ; White, R. ; Wierzcholska, A. ; Willmann, P. ; Woernlein, A. ; Wouters, D. ; Yang, R. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zaborov, D. ; Zacharias, M. ; Zdziarski, A. A. ; Zech, Alraune ; Zefi, F. ; Ziegler, A. ; Zywucka, N.
Context. Microquasars are potential gamma-ray emitters. Indications of transient episodes of gamma-ray emission were recently reported in at least two systems: Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3. The identification of additional gamma-ray-emitting microquasars is required to better understand how gamma-ray emission can be produced in these systems. Aims. Theoretical models have predicted very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from microquasars during periods of transient outburst. Observations reported herein were undertaken with the objective of observing a broadband flaring event in the gamma-ray and X-ray bands. Methods. Contemporaneous observations of three microquasars, GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr, were obtained using the High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescope array and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite. X-ray analyses for each microquasar were performed and VHE gamma-ray upper limits from contemporaneous H.E.S.S. observations were derived. Results. No significant gamma-ray signal has been detected in any of the three systems. The integral gamma-ray photon flux at the observational epochs is constrained to be I(>560 GeV) < 7.3 x 10(-13) cm(-2) S-1, I(>560 GeV) < 1.2 x 10-(12) cm s(-1), and I(>240 GeV) < 4.5 x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) for GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr, respectively. Conclusions. The gamma-ray upper limits obtained using H.E.S.S. are examined in the context of previous Cherenkov telescope observations of microquasars. The effect of intrinsic absorption is modelled for each target and found to have negligible impact on the flux of escaping gamma-rays. When combined with the X-ray behaviour observed using RXTE, the derived results indicate that if detectable VHE gamma-ray emission from microquasars is commonplace, then it is likely to be highly transient.