Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (70)
Author
- Falcone, A. (69)
- Ong, R. A. (69)
- Wakely, S. P. (69)
- Holder, J. (68)
- Moriarty, P. (68)
- Roache, E. (68)
- Fortson, L. (67)
- Ragan, K. (67)
- Sembroski, G. H. (67)
- Quinn, J. (65)
- Weinstein, A. (65)
- Bugaev, V. (64)
- Reynolds, P. T. (64)
- Finley, J. P. (63)
- Williams, D. A. (63)
- Kertzman, M. (62)
- Humensky, T. B. (61)
- Kaaret, P. (61)
- Lang, M. J. (61)
- Zitzer, B. (60)
- Benbow, W. (59)
- Kieda, D. (59)
- Krennrich, F. (59)
- Otte, A. N. (57)
- Cui, W. (56)
- Furniss, A. (56)
- Buckley, J. H. (55)
- Griffin, S. (55)
- Grube, J. (55)
- Maier, G. (55)
- McArthur, S. (55)
- Park, N. (55)
- Ciupik, L. (53)
- Gyuk, G. (53)
- Mukherjee, R. (53)
- Connolly, M. P. (52)
- Hanna, D. (52)
- Hughes, G. (52)
- Telezhinsky, Igor O. (51)
- Pohl, Martin (50)
- Staszak, D. (50)
- Feng, Q. (49)
- McCann, A. (49)
- Tyler, J. (49)
- Varlotta, A. (44)
- Gillanders, G. H. (43)
- Beilicke, M. (42)
- Galante, N. (42)
- Prokoph, H. (42)
- Errando, M. (40)
- Perkins, J. S. (40)
- Reyes, L. C. (40)
- Popkow, A. (39)
- Krawczynski, H. (38)
- Richards, G. T. (38)
- Aune, T. (37)
- Vincent, S. (37)
- Archambault, S. (36)
- Bird, R. (36)
- Smith, A. W. (36)
- Cerruti, M. (35)
- Dumm, J. (35)
- Khassen, Y. (34)
- Bouvier, A. (33)
- Majumdar, P. (33)
- Nieto, D. (33)
- Theiling, M. (33)
- Welsing, R. (33)
- Byrum, K. (32)
- Aliu, E. (31)
- Madhavan, A. S. (31)
- Kar, P. (30)
- Vassiliev, V. V. (30)
- Wilhelm, Alina (30)
- Pueschel, Elisa (29)
- Archer, A. (28)
- Arlen, T. (28)
- Cesarini, A. (28)
- Fleischhack, H. (28)
- Weekes, T. C. (28)
- Collins-Hughes, E. (27)
- Johnson, C. A. (27)
- Shahinyan, K. (27)
- Fortin, P. (26)
- Gall, D. (26)
- Kumar, S. (25)
- Orr, M. (25)
- Tucci, J. V. (25)
- Berger, K. (23)
- Meagher, K. (23)
- Saxon, D. B. (22)
- Buchovecky, M. (21)
- Chen, Xuhui (21)
- Dickherber, R. (21)
- Tesic, G. (21)
- Federici, Simone (20)
- Griffiths, S. T. (20)
- Duke, C. (19)
- Finnegan, G. (19)
- Godambe, S. (19)
- Karlsson, N. (19)
- Pichel, A. (19)
- Santander, M. (19)
- Schroedter, M. (19)
- Eisch, J. D. (18)
- Thibadeau, S. (18)
- Ward, J. E. (18)
- Cardenzana, J. V. (17)
- Kelley-Hoskins, N. (17)
- Krause, M. (17)
- Millis, J. (17)
- Tsurusaki, K. (17)
- Behera, B. (16)
- Rulten, C. (16)
- Skole, C. (16)
- Vivier, M. (16)
- Cannon, A. (15)
- Dickinson, H. J. (15)
- Huan, H. (15)
- Paneque, D. (15)
- Rajotte, J. (15)
- Wilcox, P. (15)
- Bradbury, S. M. (14)
- Huetten, M. (14)
- Petrashyk, A. (14)
- Pohl, M. (14)
- Weiner, O. M. (14)
- Weisgarber, T. (14)
- Hakansson, Nils (13)
- Hervet, O. (13)
- Rose, H. J. (13)
- Ruppel, J. (13)
- Sadeh, I. (13)
- Abeysekara, A. U. (12)
- Barnacka, Anna (12)
- Bird, Ralph (12)
- Boettcher, Markus (12)
- Brose, Robert (12)
- Daniel, M. K. (12)
- Lin, T. T. Y. (12)
- Lindfors, E. (12)
- Nelson, T. (12)
- Pandel, D. (12)
- Persic, M. (12)
- Antonelli, L. A. (11)
- Barrio, J. A. (11)
- Benbow, Wystan (11)
- Biteau, Jonathan (11)
- Colin, P. (11)
- Contreras, J. L. (11)
- Cortina, J. (11)
- Covino, S. (11)
- Dazzi, F. (11)
- De Lotto, B. (11)
- Dorner, D. (11)
- Doro, M. (11)
- Hrupec, D. (11)
- Hui, C. M. (11)
- Lombardi, S. (11)
- Maneva, G. (11)
- Mariotti, M. (11)
- Martinez, M. (11)
- Mazin, D. (11)
- Miranda, J. M. (11)
- Mirzoyan, R. (11)
- Paoletti, R. (11)
- Paredes, J. M. (11)
- Prandini, E. (11)
- Rhode, W. (11)
- Rico, J. (11)
- Rovero, A. C. (11)
- Schweizer, T. (11)
- Sitarek, J. (11)
- Sobczynska, D. (11)
- Stamerra, A. (11)
- Temnikov, P. (11)
- Teshima, M. (11)
- Bednarek, W. (10)
- Biland, A. (10)
- Bonnoli, G. (10)
- Bretz, T. (10)
- Carosi, A. (10)
- Federici, S. (10)
- Font, L. (10)
- Fruck, C. (10)
- Hadasch, D. (10)
- Lopez, M. (10)
- Mannheim, K. (10)
- Moralejo, A. (10)
- Mukherjee, Reshmi (10)
- Puljak, I. (10)
- Ribo, M. (10)
- Satalecka, K. (10)
- Sentuerk, G. D. (10)
- Takalo, L. (10)
- Wells, R. M. (10)
- Zajczyk, A. (10)
- de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain (10)
- Antoranz, P. (9)
- Colombo, E. (9)
- De Angelis, A. (9)
- Elsaesser, D. (9)
- Fonseca, M. V. (9)
- Furniss, Amy (9)
- Gaug, M. (9)
- Godinovic, N. (9)
- Hanna, David (9)
- Kushida, J. (9)
- Lee, K. (9)
- Lelas, D. (9)
- Maraschi, L. (9)
- Moroni, P. G. Prada (9)
- Nilsson, K. (9)
- Sheidaei, F. (9)
- Sillanpaa, A. (9)
- Terzic, T. (9)
- Babic, A. (8)
- Bernardini, E. (8)
- Carmona, E. (8)
- Christiansen, J. L. (8)
- Cui, Wei (8)
- Doert, M. (8)
- Dominguez, A. (8)
- Einecke, S. (8)
- Flinders, A. (8)
- Garczarczyk, M. (8)
- Hose, J. (8)
- Johnson, Caitlin A. (8)
- Kaaret, Philip (8)
- Kieda, David (8)
- La Barbera, A. (8)
- Lahteenmaki, A. (8)
- Lorenz, E. (8)
- Makariev, M. (8)
- Niedzwiecki, A. (8)
- Orito, R. (8)
- Paiano, S. (8)
- Pelassa, V. (8)
- Richards, Gregory T. (8)
- Rousselle, J. (8)
- Saito, K. (8)
- Saito, T. (8)
- Scapin, V. (8)
- Schultz, C. (8)
- Shahinyan, Karlen (8)
- Shore, S. N. (8)
- Suric, T. (8)
- Tavecchio, F. (8)
- Tornikoski, M. (8)
- Torres, D. F. (8)
- Zanin, R. (8)
- de Almeida, U. Barres (8)
- Aleksic, J. (7)
- Ansoldi, S. (7)
- Blanch Bigas, O. (7)
- Da Vela, P. (7)
- Feng, Qi (7)
- Giavitto, G. (7)
- Hayashida, M. (7)
- Horan, D. (7)
- Krause, J. (7)
- Kubo, H. (7)
- Kurtanidze, O. M. (7)
- Larionov, V. M. (7)
- Lopez-Coto, R. (7)
- Nikolashvili, M. G. (7)
- Nishijima, K. (7)
- Perri, M. (7)
- Prester, Dijana Dominis (7)
- Ratliff, G. (7)
- Reimer, A. (7)
- Reinthal, R. (7)
- Scalzotto, V. (7)
- Snidaric, I. (7)
- Spanier, F. (7)
- Tescaro, D. (7)
- Tibolla, O. (7)
- Treves, A. (7)
- Villata, M. (7)
- Acciari, V. A. (6)
- Bangale, P. (6)
- Buson, S. (6)
- Chen, W. P. (6)
- Di Pierro, F. (6)
- Dwarkadas, Vikram V. (6)
- Ferenc, D. (6)
- Finley, John P. (6)
- Giroletti, M. (6)
- Gonzalez Munoz, A. (6)
- Gonzalez, J. Becerra (6)
- Guenette, R. (6)
- Hassan, T. (6)
- Herrero, A. (6)
- Hildebrand, D. (6)
- Krause, Maria (6)
- Longo, F. (6)
- Lopez-Oramas, A. (6)
- Max-Moerbeck, W. (6)
- Menzel, U. (6)
- Meucci, M. (6)
- Nakajima, D. (6)
- Palatiello, M. (6)
- Pedaletti, G. (6)
- Raiteri, C. M. (6)
- Sadun, A. C. (6)
- Saggion, A. (6)
- Sushch, Iurii (6)
- Vogler, P. (6)
- Williamson, T. J. (6)
- Wood, M. (6)
- Aller, H. D. (5)
- Aller, M. F. (5)
- Bastieri, D. (5)
- Becerra Gonzalez, J. (5)
- Bonnefoy, S. (5)
- Borracci, F. (5)
- Buehler, R. (5)
- Cameron, R. A. (5)
- Chen, X. (5)
- Chiang, J. (5)
- Conrad, Jan (5)
- Decerprit, G. (5)
- Frantzen, K. (5)
- Fuhrmann, L. (5)
- Fumagalli, M. (5)
- Galindo, D. (5)
- Garcia Lopez, R. J. (5)
- Gerard, L. (5)
- Giebels, B. (5)
- Herrera, J. (5)
- Idec, W. (5)
- Imran, A. (5)
- Jogler, T. (5)
- Kodani, K. (5)
- Konno, Y. (5)
- Koptelova, E. (5)
- Kovalev, Y. Y. (5)
- Kurtanidze, S. O. (5)
- Mallot, K. (5)
- Mankuzhiyil, N. (5)
- Marcote, B. (5)
- Morozova, D. A. (5)
- Neustroev, V. (5)
- Noda, K. (5)
- Otte, Adam Nepomuk (5)
- Overkemping, A. (5)
- Oya, I. (5)
- Paredes-Fortuny, X. (5)
- Park, Nahee (5)
- Pohl, Manuela (5)
- Pushkarev, A. B. (5)
- Reimer, O. (5)
- Richards, J. L. (5)
- Smith, P. S. (5)
- Stamatescu, V. (5)
- Stawarz, L. (5)
- Steinbring, T. (5)
- Storz, J. (5)
- Strzys, M. (5)
- Sun, S. (5)
- Takami, H. (5)
- Thaele, J. (5)
- Toyama, T. (5)
- Troitsky, I. S. (5)
- Wagner, R. M. (5)
- Weitzel, Q. (5)
- Wilhelmi, E. de Ona (5)
- Aharonian, Felix A. (4)
- Ajello, M. (4)
- Akhperjanian, A. G. (4)
- Angelakis, E. (4)
- Arribas, M. Paz (4)
- Banerjee, B. (4)
- Becherini, Yvonne (4)
- Berdyugin, A. (4)
- Bernlöhr, K. (4)
- Birsin, E. (4)
- Bissaldi, E. (4)
- Bock, R. K. (4)
- Boisson, Catherine (4)
- Bolmont, J. (4)
- Bordas, Pol (4)
- Braun, I. (4)
- Brun, Pierre (4)
- Bulik, Tomasz (4)
- Capalbi, M. (4)
- Caraveo, P. A. (4)
- Casanova, Sabrina (4)
- Chromey, A. J. (4)
- Ciprini, S. (4)
- De Caneva, G. (4)
- Deil, C. (4)
- Delgado Mendez, C. (4)
- Djannati-Ataï, A. (4)
- Domainko, W. (4)
- Dubus, G. (4)
- Dyks, J. (4)
- Dyrda, M. (4)
- Egberts, Kathrin (4)
- Farnier, C. (4)
- Fegan, S. (4)
- Fegan, S. J. (4)
- Feinstein, F. (4)
- Fernandez-Barral, A. (4)
- Fidalgo, D. (4)
- Foerster, A. (4)
- Fontaine, G. (4)
- Garcia, J. Rodriguez (4)
- Giammaria, P. (4)
- Gillanders, Gerard H. (4)
- Guberman, D. (4)
- Gueta, O. (4)
- Gurwell, M. A. (4)
- Henri, G. (4)
- Hermann, G. (4)
- Hofmann, W. (4)
- Hofverberg, P. (4)
- Horns, D. (4)
- Hovatta, T. (4)
- Hutten, M. (4)
- Jacholkowska, A. (4)
- Jordan, B. (4)
- Jorstad, S. G. (4)
- Jung, I. (4)
- Katarzynski, K. (4)
- Kellermann, H. (4)
- Khelifi, B. (4)
- Kimeridze, G. N. (4)
- Klepser, S. (4)
- Kluzniak, W. (4)
- Kopatskaya, E. N. (4)
- Kosack, K. (4)
- Kraehenbuehl, T. (4)
- Krichbaum, T. P. (4)
- Lamanna, G. (4)
- Larionova, E. G. (4)
- LeBohec, S. (4)
- Lewandowska, N. (4)
- Lister, M. L. (4)
- Lohse, T. (4)
- Lopatin, A. (4)
- Lopez, R. J. Garcia (4)
- Lyutikov, M. (4)
- Maier, Gernot (4)
- Manganaro, M. (4)
- McEnery, J. E. (4)
- Mizuno, T. (4)
- Moderski, R. (4)
- Moody, J. W. (4)
- Moulin, Emmanuel (4)
- Munar-Adrover, P. (4)
- Naumann, C. L. (4)
- Niemiec, J. (4)
- Nowak, N. (4)
- Ostrowski, M. (4)
- Palacio, J. (4)
- Panter, M. (4)
- Partini, S. (4)
- Pita, S. (4)
- Prada, F. (4)
- Puehlhofer, G. (4)
- Punch, M. (4)
- Quirrenbach, A. (4)
- Raue, M. (4)
- Readhead, A. C. S. (4)
- Renaud, M. (4)
- Rieger, F. (4)
- Ripken, J. (4)
- Rob, L. (4)
- Rudak, B. (4)
- Ruegamer, S. (4)
- Sakamoto, T. (4)
- Salvati, M. (4)
- Santander, Marcos (4)
- Santangelo, Andrea (4)
- Schlickeiser, R. (4)
- Schulz, A. (4)
- Schwanke, U. (4)
- Schwarzburg, S. (4)
- Shayduk, M. (4)
- Sigua, L. A. (4)
- Sol, H. (4)
- Steenkamp, R. (4)
- Stegmann, Christian (4)
- Stinzing, F. (4)
- Szostek, A. (4)
- Takahashi, H. (4)
- Tavernet, J. -P. (4)
- Terrier, R. (4)
- Tibaldo, L. (4)
- Tluczykont, M. (4)
- Vankov, H. (4)
- Vasileiadis, G. (4)
- Vincent, P. (4)
- Vovk, I. (4)
- White, R. (4)
- Wierzcholska, A. (4)
- Will, M. (4)
- Williams, David A. (4)
- Zabalza, V. (4)
- Zandanel, F. (4)
- Zech, Alraune (4)
- de Naurois, M. (4)
- van Eldik, C. (4)
- Ahnen, M. L. (3)
- Bechtol, K. C. (3)
- Berti, A. (3)
- Biasuzzi, B. (3)
- Blanch, O. (3)
- Blinov, D. A. (3)
- Boller, A. (3)
- Brill, A. (3)
- Busetto, G. (3)
- Böttcher, Markus (3)
- Carraminana, A. (3)
- Carrasco, L. (3)
- Carrigan, Svenja (3)
- Cassaro, P. (3)
- Cavazzuti, E. (3)
- Chadwick, Paula M. (3)
- Chatterjee, A. (3)
- Cillis, A. N. (3)
- Connaughton, V. (3)
- Coppi, P. (3)
- Cutini, S. (3)
- Dubois, R. (3)
- Efimova, N. V. (3)
- Eger, P. (3)
- Eisenacher, D. (3)
- Favuzzi, C. (3)
- Fiasson, A. (3)
- Fukazawa, Y. (3)
- Funk, S. (3)
- Garrido Terrats, D. (3)
- Garrido, D. (3)
- Gent, A. (3)
- Giordano, F. (3)
- Glanzman, T. (3)
- Gotthelf, E. V. (3)
- Gozzini, S. R. (3)
- Grenier, I. A. (3)
- Grudzinska, M. (3)
- Hahn, A. (3)
- Hahn, J. (3)
- Hakansson, N. (3)
- Hanabata, Y. (3)
- Hinton, James Anthony (3)
- Huber, B. (3)
- Inoue, S. (3)
- Jamrozy, M. (3)
- Janiak, M. (3)
- Kadenius, V. (3)
- Katagiri, H. (3)
- Kataoka, J. (3)
- Katz, U. (3)
- Kaufmann, S. (3)
- Kneiske, T. (3)
- Knoedlseder, J. (3)
- Knoetig, M. L. (3)
- Kossakowski, R. (3)
- Kovalev, Yu. A. (3)
- Krimm, H. A. (3)
- Kuss, M. (3)
- Latronico, L. (3)
- Lenain, J. -P. (3)
- Lennarz, D. (3)
- Lozano, I. (3)
- Maccaferri, G. (3)
- Madejski, G. M. (3)
- Marcowith, Alexandre (3)
- Mayer, M. (3)
- Mazziotta, Mario Nicola (3)
- McComb, T. J. L. (3)
- Mehault, J. (3)
- Michelson, P. F. (3)
- Moretti, E. (3)
- Mori, Y. (3)
- Naumann-Godo, M. (3)
- Nedbal, D. (3)
- Nestoras, I. (3)
- Nguyen, T. (3)
- Nieto, Daniel (3)
- Nogues, L. (3)
- Nolan, S. J. (3)
- Nunez, P. D. (3)
- Nuss, E. (3)
- Ohm, S. (3)
- Okumura, A. (3)
- Orlati, A. (3)
- Otte, N. (3)
- Pace, C. (3)
- Pearson, R. (3)
- Peresano, M. (3)
- Petry, D. (3)
- Peyaud, B. (3)
- Piron, F. (3)
- Popkow, Alexis (3)
- Poutanen, J. (3)
- Prester, D. Dominis (3)
- Prochaska, J. X. (3)
- Raino, S. (3)
- Ramazani, V. Fallah (3)
- Rando, R. (3)
- Reichardt, I. (3)
- Rosier-Lees, S. (3)
- Rulten, C. B. (3)
- Sahakian, V. (3)
- Schlenstedt, S. (3)
- Schwemmer, S. (3)
- Senturk, G. D. (3)
- Sgro, C. (3)
- Siskind, E. J. (3)
- Spinelli, P. (3)
- Steinke, B. (3)
- Tammi, J. (3)
- Tosti, G. (3)
- Uellenbeck, M. (3)
- Vanzo, G. (3)
- Vialle, J. P. (3)
- Viana, A. (3)
- Volpe, F. (3)
- Vorobiov, S. (3)
- Wagner, R. G. (3)
- Walter, R. (3)
- Yatsu, Y. (3)
- Zacharias, M. (3)
- Zensus, J. A. (3)
- Zook, A. (3)
- de Palma, F. (3)
- Abramowski, Attila (2)
- Ackermann, Margit (2)
- Actis, M. (2)
- Agnetta, G. (2)
- Alfaro, R. (2)
- Allafort, A. J. (2)
- Allan, D. (2)
- Allekotte, I. (2)
- Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan (2)
- Anton, Gisela (2)
- Aravantinos, A. (2)
- Arkharov, A. A. (2)
- Arnaldi, H. (2)
- Asano, K. (2)
- Asorey, H. G. (2)
- Baack, D. (2)
- Backes, Michael (2)
- Baehr, J. (2)
- Bais, A. (2)
- Baixeras, C. (2)
- Bajtlik, S. (2)
- Balbo, M. (2)
- Baldini, L. (2)
- Balis, D. (2)
- Balzer, Arnim (2)
- Bamba, A. (2)
- Barbiellini, G. (2)
- Barbier, C. (2)
- Barcelo, M. (2)
- Baring, M. G. (2)
- Barnstedt, Jürgen (2)
- Barres de Almeida, U. (2)
- Basso, S. (2)
- Bauer, C. (2)
- Becker, J. (2)
- Beckmann, Volker (2)
- Bellazzini, R. (2)
- Belluso, M. (2)
- Berdugo, J. (2)
- Berenji, B. (2)
- Bernardino, T. (2)
- Bhattacharyya, W. (2)
- Bigongiari, C. (2)
- Billotta, S. (2)
- Bird, T. (2)
- Blake, S. (2)
- Blandford, R. D. (2)
- Bobkov, A. A. (2)
- Bogacz, L. (2)
- Bogdan, M. (2)
- Boix Gargallo, J. (2)
- Bonanno, G. (2)
- Bonardi, A. (2)
- Bonev, T. (2)
- Borgland, A. W. (2)
- Borkowski, Janett (2)
- Botner, O. (2)
- Bottani, A. (2)
- Bourbeau, E. (2)
- Bourgeat, M. (2)
- Boutonnet, C. (2)
- Brau-Nogue, S. (2)
- Bregeon, Johan (2)
- Briggs, M. S. (2)
- Brucker, J. (2)
- Bruel, P. (2)
- Brun, Francois (2)
- Brunetti, L. (2)
- Cailles, M. (2)
- Calcidese, P. (2)
- Caliandro, G. A. (2)
- Canestrari, R. (2)
- Cantu, S. (2)
- Carosi, R. (2)
- Carr, John (2)
- Carton, P. H. (2)
- Casiraghi, M. (2)
- Catalano, O. (2)
- Cavazzani, S. (2)
- Cazaux, S. (2)
- Charles, E. (2)
- Chaves, Ryan C. G. (2)
- Cheesebrough, A. (2)
- Chen, Xiaoming (2)
- Cheung, C. C. (2)
- Chigladze, R. A. (2)
- Chikawa, M. (2)
- Cieslar, M. (2)
- Claus, R. (2)
- Clavero, R. (2)
- Cohen-Tanugi, J. (2)
- Colafrancesco, Sergio (2)
- Colak, S. M. (2)
- Cologna, Gabriele (2)
- Compin, M. (2)
- Conconi, P. (2)
- Corona, P. (2)
- Corti, D. (2)
- Cossio, L. (2)
- Costantini, H. (2)
- Cotter, G. (2)
- Courty, B. (2)
- Couturier, S. (2)
- Croston, J. (2)
- Cusumano, G. (2)
- Dalton, M. (2)
- Davids, I. D. (2)
- Degrange, B. (2)
- Delagnes, E. (2)
- Deleglise, G. (2)
- Delfino, M. (2)
- Delgado, C. (2)
- Dermer, C. D. (2)
- Di Venere, L. (2)
- Diaz, C. (2)
- Dick, J. (2)
- Dickinson, H. (2)
- Digel, S. W. (2)
- Dimitrov, D. (2)
- Disset, G. (2)
- Dravins, D. (2)
- Drell, P. S. (2)
- Drury, L. (2)
- Dubois, F. (2)
- Dufour, C. (2)
- Durand, D. (2)
- Dutson, K. (2)
- Edy, E. (2)
- Eleftheriadis, C. (2)
- Elles, S. (2)
- Emmanoulopoulos, D. (2)
- Engelkemeier, M. (2)
- Enomoto, R. (2)
- Errando, Manel (2)
- Espigat, P. (2)
- Etchegoyen, A. (2)
- Farakos, K. (2)
- Farina, E. (2)
- Fegan, D. J. (2)
- Fernandes, M. V. (2)
- Fidalgo, D. Carreto (2)
- Fillin-Martino, E. (2)
- Fink, D. (2)
- Finke, J. (2)
- Finley, C. (2)
- Florin, D. (2)
- Foehr, C. (2)
- Fokitis, E. (2)
- Fortson, Lucy (2)
- Fouque, N. (2)
- Franckowiak, A. (2)
- Fransson, C. (2)
- Fresnillo, L. (2)
- Fuessling, M. (2)
- Fujita, Y. (2)
- Fusco, P. (2)
- Gabici, S. (2)
- Gadola, A. (2)
- Gaebele, W. (2)
- Gallant, Y. (2)
- Gallant, Y. A. (2)
- Garcia, B. (2)
- Garcia, J. R. (2)
- Gargano, F. (2)
- Garrido, L. (2)
- Gascon, D. (2)
- Gasparrini, D. (2)
- Gaweda, J. (2)
- Geffroy, N. (2)
- Ghedina, A. (2)
- Ghigo, M. (2)
- Giarrusso, S. (2)
- Gibbs, K. (2)
- Giglietto, N. (2)
- Giommi, P. (2)
- Giro, E. (2)
- Glawion, D. Eisenacher (2)
- Glicenstein, J. -F. (2)
- Glicenstein, J. F. (2)
- Golev, V. (2)
- Gomez Berisso, M. (2)
- Gonzalez, A. (2)
- Gonzalez, F. (2)
- Gonzalez, M. M. (2)
- Gora, D. (2)
- Graciani, R. (2)
- Granena, F. (2)
- Granot, J. (2)
- Gredig, R. (2)
- Green, A. (2)
- Greenshaw, T. (2)
- Grimm, O. (2)
- Grishina, T. S. (2)
- Grygorczuk, J. (2)
- Guarino, V. (2)
- Guillemot, L. (2)
- Guiriec, S. (2)
- Gunji, S. (2)
- Hadamek, A. (2)
- Haeffner, S. (2)
- Haefner, D. (2)
- Hagiwara, R. (2)
- Hallgren, A. (2)
- Hara, S. (2)
- Hardcastle, M. J. (2)
- Harris, J. (2)
- Haubold, T. (2)
- Hauser, M. (2)
- Heinzelmann, G. (2)
- Heller, R. (2)
- Hoehne-Moench, D. (2)
- Hoffmann, D. (2)
- Holler, M. (2)
- Huet, J. -M. (2)
- Hughes, Z. (2)
- Ibarra, A. (2)
- Illa, J. M. (2)
- Inoue, Y. (2)
- Ioka, K. (2)
- Ishio, K. (2)
- Jablonski, C. (2)
- Jahn, C. (2)
- Jean, P. (2)
- Johannesson, G. (2)
- Kabuki, S. (2)
- Kadler, M. (2)
- Kakuwa, J. (2)
- Kalkuhl, C. (2)
- Kankanyan, R. (2)
- Kaplan, K. (2)
- Karastergiou, A. (2)
- Karczewski, M. (2)
- Kargaltsev, O. (2)
- Karkar, S. (2)
- Kastendieck, M. A. (2)
- Kawanaka, N. (2)
- Kendziorra, E. (2)
- Kifune, T. (2)
- Kihm, T. (2)
- Klochkov, D. (2)
- Koeck, F. (2)
- Kohri, K. (2)
- Kokkotas, K. (2)
- Kolitzus, D. (2)
- Komin, N. (2)
- Komin, Nu. (2)
- Konopelko, A. (2)
- Konstantinova, T. S. (2)
- Kostka, P. (2)
- Kowal, G. (2)
- Koziol, J. (2)
- Kretzschmann, A. (2)
- Kudryavtsev, V. A. (2)
- Kuvezdic, D. (2)
- La Parola, V. (2)
- La Rosa, G. (2)
- Laffon, H. (2)
- Lande, J. (2)
- Laporte, P. (2)
- Larionova, L. V. (2)
- Lavalley, C. (2)
- Le Flour, T. (2)
- Le Padellec, A. (2)
- Lee, S. -H. (2)
- Lee, W. H. (2)
- Lemoine-Goumard, M. (2)
- Leonardo, E. (2)
- Lessio, L. (2)
- Leto, Paolo (2)
- Lieunard, B. (2)
- Ligustri, R. (2)
- Lin, H. C. (2)
- Liolios, A. (2)
- Longo, Francesco (2)
- Loparco, F. (2)
- Lovellette, M. N. (2)
- Lu, C. -C. (2)
- Lubinski, P. (2)
- Lubrano, P. (2)
- Luz, O. (2)
- Lyard, E. (2)
- Maccarone, M. C. (2)
- Madhavan, A. (2)
- Maggio, C. (2)
- Maltezos, S. (2)
- Manalaysay, A. (2)
- Mangano, A. (2)
- Manigot, P. (2)
- Marandon, V. (2)
- Markoff, S. (2)
- Marscher, A. P. (2)
- Martinez, G. (2)
- Mastichiadis, A. (2)
- Matsumoto, H. (2)
- Mattiazzo, S. (2)
- Maurin, G. (2)
- Maxted, N. (2)
- McBreen, B. (2)
- McCubbin, N. (2)
- McCutcheon, M. (2)
- McHardy, I. (2)
- Medina, C. (2)
- Melkumyan, D. (2)
- Mendez, C. Delgado (2)
- Mertsch, P. (2)
- Michalowski, J. (2)
- Micolon, P. (2)
- Mineo, T. (2)
- Minev, M. (2)
- Mirabal, N. (2)
- Mirabel, F. (2)
- Mitthumsiri, W. (2)
- Miyamoto, H. (2)
- Moal, B. (2)
- Mokrushina, A. A. (2)
- Moldon, J. (2)
- Molinari, E. (2)
- Monteiro, I. (2)
- Monzani, M. E. (2)
- Morello, C. (2)
- Moreno, V. (2)
- Mori, K. (2)
- Morselli, Aldo (2)
- Mottez, F. (2)
- Munar, P. (2)
- Muraishi, H. (2)
- Murase, K. (2)
- Murgia, S. (2)
- Nagataki, S. (2)
- Naito, T. (2)
- Nakamori, T. (2)
- Nakayama, K. (2)
- Naumann, D. (2)
- Nayman, P. (2)
- Neise, D. (2)
- Nellen, L. (2)
- Nieppola, E. (2)
- Nievas Rosillo, M. (2)
- Nigro, C. (2)
- Nikolaidis, A. (2)
- Ninci, D. (2)
- Noethe, M. (2)
- Norris, J. P. (2)
- Ohira, Y. (2)
- Ohishi, M. (2)
- Ohsugi, T. (2)
- Opitz, B. (2)
- Orienti, M. (2)
- Orlando, E. (2)
- Ormes, J. F. (2)
- Ovcharov, E. (2)
- Ozieblo, A. (2)
- Pagani, C. (2)
- Pallota, J. (2)
- Papyan, G. (2)
- Pareschi, G. (2)
- Parsons, R. D. (2)
- Pasanen, M. (2)
- Pauss, F. (2)
- Pelletier, G. (2)
- Perez-Torres, M. A. (2)
- Perkins, J. (2)
- Perkins, Jeremy S. (2)
- Perri, L. (2)
- Petrucci, P. -O. (2)
- Pivato, G. (2)
- Platos, L. (2)
- Platzer, R. (2)
- Pochon, J. (2)
- Pogosyan, L. (2)
- Pojmanski, G. (2)
- Pontrelli, P. (2)
- Ponz, J. D. (2)
- Potter, W. (2)
- Preece, R. (2)
- Preziuso, S. (2)
- Raiteri, C. (2)
- Rataj, M. (2)
- Razzano, M. (2)
- Readhead, A. (2)
- Reimann, O. (2)
- Reimer, Olaf (2)
- Renner, S. (2)
- Ribordy, M. (2)
- Righi, C. (2)
- Ringegni, P. (2)
- Ritz, S. (2)
- Rivoire, S. (2)
- Roberts, M. (2)
- Roeser, U. (2)
- Romano, Patrizia (2)
- Romero, G. E. (2)
- Ros, E. (2)
- Rowell, G. (2)
- Roy, F. (2)
- Royer, S. (2)
- Rugliancich, A. (2)
- Russo, F. (2)
- Ryde, F. (2)
- Sacco, B. (2)
- Sadeh, I (2)
- Saito, T. Y. (2)
- Sakaki, N. (2)
- Salini, A. (2)
- Sanchez, David M. (2)
- Sanchez, F. (2)
- Sanchez-Conde, M. (2)
- Sandoval, A. (2)
- Santos, E. M. (2)
- Sanuy, A. (2)
- Sapozhnikov, L. (2)
- Sarkar, S. (2)
- Scarcioffolo, M. (2)
- Schanz, T. (2)
- Schmidt, T. (2)
- Schmoll, J. (2)
- Schultze, J. (2)
- Scott, S. S. (2)
- Seweryn, K. (2)
- Shellard, R. C. (2)
- Shibata, T. (2)
- Sikora, M. (2)
- Silk, J. (2)
- Slane, P. (2)
- Smith, A. (2)
- Smith, N. (2)
- Sokolovsky, K. V. (2)
- Spengler, G. (2)
- Spiga, D. (2)
- Spiro, S. (2)
- Spyrou, S. (2)
- Steiner, S. (2)
- Stergioulas, N. (2)
- Sternberger, R. (2)
- Stodulski, M. (2)
- Strah, N. (2)
- Straumann, U. (2)
- Strigachev, A. (2)
- Stroh, M. (2)
- Stycz, K. (2)
- Suarez, A. (2)
- Suchenek, M. (2)
- Sugawara, R. (2)
- Supanitsky, A. D. (2)
- Suson, D. J. (2)
- Sutcliffe, P. (2)
- Swordy, S. P. (2)
- Szanecki, M. (2)
- Szepieniec, T. (2)
- Tagliaferri, G. (2)
- Tajima, H. (2)
- Takahashi, K. (2)
- Tanaka, M. (2)
- Tavani, M. (2)
- Tejedor, L. A. (2)
- Tenzer, C. (2)
- Terada, Y. (2)
- Terrats, D. Garrido (2)
- Testa, V. (2)
- Thayer, J. B. (2)
- Tjus, J. Becker (2)
- Tokanai, F. (2)
- Tokarz, M. (2)
- Toma, K. (2)
- Torres-Alba, N. (2)
- Totani, T. (2)
- Trepanier, S. (2)
- Tridon, D. Borla (2)
- Tsujimoto, S. (2)
- Valerius, K. (2)
- Vallania, P. (2)
- Vallejo, G. (2)
- Vandenbroucke, J. (2)
- Vazquez Acosta, M. (2)
- Vegas, I. (2)
- Venter, C. (2)
- Vercellone, S. (2)
- Verguilov, V. (2)
- Verrecchia, F. (2)
- Veyssiere, C. (2)
- Videla, M. (2)
- Vink, J. (2)
- Vlahakis, N. (2)
- Vlahos, L. (2)
- Voelk, H. J. (2)
- Vollhardt, A. (2)
- Vorster, M. (2)
- Wagner, S. (2)
- Wagner, S. J. (2)
- Walker, R. C. (2)
- Ward, M. (2)
- Warwick, R. (2)
- Wawer, P. (2)
- Wawrzaszek, R. (2)
- Webb, N. (2)
- Wegner, P. (2)
- Wehrle, A. E. (2)
- Werner, M. (2)
- Wetteskind, H. (2)
- Wischnewski, R. (2)
- Wisniewski, L. (2)
- Woernlein, A. (2)
- Xiong, Q. (2)
- Yamamoto, T. (2)
- Yamazaki, R. (2)
- Yanagita, S. (2)
- Yoshida, A. (2)
- Yoshida, T. (2)
- Yoshikoshi, T. (2)
- Zaric, D. (2)
- Zdziarski, A. (2)
- Zdziarski, A. A. (2)
- Zechlin, H. -S. (2)
- Zietara, K. (2)
- Ziolkowski, P. (2)
- Zitelli, V. (2)
- Zychowski, P. (2)
- de Angelis, A. (2)
- de Ona Wilhelmi, E. (2)
- de Souza, V. (2)
- de la Calle Perez, I. (2)
- de la Fuente, E. (2)
- de los Reyes, R. (2)
- Abdo, A. A. (1)
- Abdollahi, S. (1)
- Acero, F. (1)
- Acharya, B. S. (1)
- Aghajani, T. (1)
- Agudo, I. (1)
- Aguilar, J. (1)
- Ajello, Marco (1)
- Albert, A. (1)
- Albuquerque, I. F. M. (1)
- Alcubierre, M. (1)
- Alonso, M. Fernandez (1)
- Alvarez, C. (1)
- Alvarez, J. D. (1)
- Amato, E. (1)
- Anderson, J. (1)
- Antico, F. (1)
- Araya, M. (1)
- Arbet-Engels, A. (1)
- Arcaro, C. (1)
- Arceo, R. (1)
- Armstrong, T. (1)
- Arrabito, L. (1)
- Arroyo, M. Seglar (1)
- Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C. (1)
- Artmann, S. (1)
- Ashton, T. (1)
- Aune, Taylor (1)
- Awane, Y. (1)
- Ayala Solares, H. A. (1)
- Baba, H. (1)
- Baby, N. (1)
- Bachev, R. (1)
- Baldini, Luca (1)
- Balenderan, Shangkari (1)
- Balkowski, C. (1)
- Ballet, J. (1)
- Bandiera, R. (1)
- Barber, A. (1)
- Basili, A. (1)
- Bastieri, Denis (1)
- Baushev, Anton N. (1)
- Becerra Gonzalez, Josefa (1)
- Becerril, A. (1)
- Bednarek, Wlodek (1)
- Bellazzini, Ronaldo (1)
- Belmont-Moreno, E. (1)
- Beloborodov, Andrei (1)
- BenZvi, S. Y. (1)
- Benallou, M. (1)
- Benkhali, Faical Ait (1)
- Bernal, A. (1)
- Bernard, F. (1)
- Bernardini, Elisa (1)
- Besenrieder, J. (1)
- Bhat, N. (1)
- Bhattacharyya, S. (1)
- Bianch, O. (1)
- Bilandli, A. (1)
- Bissaldi, Elisabetta (1)
- Bitossi, M. (1)
- Blank, M. (1)
- Blasi, P. (1)
- Bloom, E. D. (1)
- Boccone, V. (1)
- Bochow, A. (1)
- Bogart, J. (1)
- Boggs, S. (1)
- Boltuch, D. (1)
- Bonamente, E. (1)
- Bonifacio, P. (1)
- Bonino, R. (1)
- Borman, G. A. (1)
- Bosch-Ramon, Valentin (1)
- Bose, D. (1)
- Bose, R. (1)
- Bottacini, E. (1)
- Bouchet, L. (1)
- Brandt, T. J. (1)
- Brandt, Terri J. (1)
- Brantseg, T. (1)
- Braun, J. (1)
- Brez, A. (1)
- Brigida, M. (1)
- Bringmann, T. (1)
- Brisbois, C. (1)
- Brisken, W. F. (1)
- Brook, P. (1)
- Bruegge, K. (1)
- Buanes, T. (1)
- Buckley, H. (1)
- Buemi, C. S. (1)
- Buesching, I. (1)
- Bugaev, V (1)
- Bulgarelli, A. (1)
- Bulinski, M. (1)
- Buss, J. (1)
- Caballero-Mora, K. S. (1)
- Calderon-Madera, D. (1)
- Calome, J. (1)
- Camara, M. (1)
- Camprecios, J. (1)
- Canellas, A. (1)
- Capistran, T. (1)
- Caputo, R. (1)
- Cara, M. (1)
- Carraminyana, A. (1)
- Carter-Lewis, D. A. (1)
- Casadio, C. (1)
- Casandjian, J. M. (1)
- Castarede, H. (1)
- Castillo, M. (1)
- Castro, D. (1)
- Cecchi, C. (1)
- Celik, O. (1)
- Ceribella, G. (1)
- Cerruti, B. (1)
- Chabanne, E. (1)
- Chadwick, M. (1)
- Chalme-Calvet, R. (1)
- Chamani, W. (1)
- Champion, C. (1)
- Charbonnier, A. (1)
- Charles, Eric (1)
- Chekhtman, A. (1)
- Chen, Andrew (1)
- Chen, W. (1)
- Chernyakova, M. (1)
- Chiappetti, L. (1)
- Chiaro, G. (1)
- Chitnis, V. R. (1)
- Chollet, F. (1)
- Chretien, M. (1)
- Christensen, F. (1)
- Christiansen, Jessie L. (1)
- Chudoba, J. (1)
- Ciesielska, M. (1)
- Cikota, S. (1)
- Clapson, A. C. (1)
- Clerc, C. (1)
- Cohen-Tanugi, Johann (1)
- Coignet, G. (1)
- Colome, J. (1)
- Colonges, S. (1)
- Conforti, V. (1)
- Corlier, M. (1)
- Corpace, O. (1)
- Costantin, D. (1)
- Cotti, U. (1)
- Cotzomi, J. (1)
- Coutino de Leon, S. (1)
- Couturier, C. (1)
- Craig, W. (1)
- Crimi, G. (1)
- Criswell, S. J. (1)
- Cumani, P. (1)
- Dafonseca, M. (1)
- Dal Pino, E. M. de Gouveia (1)
- Dale, O. (1)
- Damljanovic, G. (1)
- Danie, M. K. (1)
- Daniel, M. (1)
- Darling, J. (1)
- Davids, I. (1)
- Davies, F. (1)
- De Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain (1)
- De Caprio, V. (1)
- De Cea del Pozo, E. (1)
- De Frondat, F. (1)
- De La Vega, G. (1)
- De La Vega, G. A. (1)
- De Leon, C. (1)
- De Luca, A. (1)
- De Maria, M. (1)
- De Sabata, F. (1)
- De la Fuente, E. (1)
- Deangelis, A. (1)
- Decerprit, B. (1)
- Decock, G. (1)
- Delgado, J. (1)
- Delgado, Jose Miguel Martins (1)
- Della Volpe, D. (1)
- Demange, P. (1)
- Depaola, G. (1)
- Dettlaff, A. (1)
- Dettlaff, T. (1)
- Di Lalla, N. (1)
- Di Mauro, M. (1)
- Di Paola, A. (1)
- Di Paolo, A. (1)
- Diago Ortega, A. (1)
- Diaz-Velez, J. C. (1)
- Dichiara, S. (1)
- Diez-Blanco, V. (1)
- Digel, S. (1)
- Dingus, B. L. (1)
- Dmytriiev, A. (1)
- Do Souto Espinera, E. (1)
- Dohmke, M. (1)
- Doi, A. (1)
- Donat, A. (1)
- Dournaux, J-L. (1)
- Dournaux, J. -L. (1)
- Drake, G. (1)
- Drury, L. O'C. (1)
- DuVernois, M. A. (1)
- Dumas, D. (1)
- Dumora, D. (1)
- Ebr, J. (1)
- Edwards, T. (1)
- Eisenacher Glawion, D. (1)
- Enestam, S. (1)
- Engel, K. (1)
- Engelhaupt, D. (1)
- Engels, A. Arbet (1)
- Enriquez-Rivera, O. (1)
- Ernenwein, J-P (1)
- Ernenwein, J. -P. (1)
- Eswaraiah, C. (1)
- Evans, P. (1)
- Falcone, A. D. (1)
- Fallon, L. (1)
- Fantinel, D. (1)
- Faolain (1)
- Fasola, G. (1)
- Fattorini, A. (1)
- Favill, B. (1)
- Fede, E. (1)
- Federici, Stefania (1)
- Fernandez, D. (1)
- Fernandez-Alonso, M. (1)
- Ferrando, P. (1)
- Ferrara, E. C. (1)
- Ferrara, G. (1)
- Ferrer, F. (1)
- Fesquet, M. (1)
- Fiorini, M. (1)
- Fiorino, D. W. (1)
- Firpo Curcoll, R. (1)
- Firpo, R. (1)
- Flores, H. (1)
- Focke, W. (1)
- Focke, W. B. (1)
- Foffano, L. (1)
- Font, Ll. (1)
- Fontana, A. (1)
- Fornasa, M. (1)
- Fraija, N. (1)
- Frailis, M. (1)
- Franckowiak, Anna (1)
- Fraser, G. (1)
- Fraser, G. W. (1)
- Frei, R. (1)
- Fukazawa, Yasushi (1)
- Fukui, Y. (1)
- Funk, Stefan (1)
- Fusco, Piergiorgio (1)
- Gabriele, R. (1)
- Gaidos, J. (1)
- Gajdus, M. (1)
- Gallozzi, S. (1)
- Gamez-Garcia, J. (1)
- Garcia Lopez, R. (1)
- Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. (1)
- Garczarczyki, M. (1)
- Gardiol, D. (1)
- Garfias, F. (1)
- Gargano, Fabio (1)
- Garrigoux, T. (1)
- Garson, A. III. (1)
- Gasparrini, Dario (1)
- Gasparyan, S. (1)
- Gasq, C. (1)
- Gast, H. (1)
- Gaug, Markus (1)
- Gebremedhin, L. (1)
- Gehrels, N. (1)
- Gerbig, D. (1)
- Germani, S. (1)
- Ghag, C. (1)
- Gianakaki, E. (1)
- Giannakaki, E. (1)
- Gianotti, F. (1)
- Giglietto, Nicola (1)
- Gika, V. (1)
- Gillanders, Gerald H. (1)
- Giovannini, G. (1)
- Girard, N. (1)
- Giroletti, Marcello (1)
- Giubilato, P. (1)
- Giuliani, A. (1)
- Giuri, C. (1)
- Glueck, B. (1)
- Gochna, M. (1)
- Godfrey, G. (1)
- Godinovi, N. (1)
- Goering, D. (1)
- Gomez, J. L. (1)
- Gomez-Ortega, J. (1)
- Goodman, J. A. (1)
- Goret, P. (1)
- Gothe, K. S. (1)
- Gotthelf, Eric V. (1)
- Gougerot, M. (1)
- Grandi, P. (1)
- Grasseau, G. (1)
- Green, D. (1)
- Gregoire, T. (1)
- Greus, F. Salesa (1)
- Grondin, M. -H. (1)
- Gruenewald, S. (1)
- Gruev, V. (1)
- Guglielmi, L. (1)
- Guilloux, F. (1)
- Guiriec, Sylvain (1)
- Gunawardhana, Isuru (1)
- Gusbar, C. (1)
- Guver, T. (1)
- Hada, K. (1)
- Hagen-Thorn, V. A. (1)
- Hague, J. D. (1)
- Hailey, C. (1)
- Halpern, J. P. (1)
- Hamer Heras, N. (1)
- Hampel-Arias, Z. (1)
- Hampf, D. (1)
- Hardee, P. (1)
- Harding, J. P. (1)
- Harisson, F. (1)
- Harris, D. E. (1)
- Hatanaka, K. (1)
- Haupt, A. (1)
- Hawkins, K. (1)
- Hayakawa, T. (1)
- Hays, E. (1)
- Hays, Elizabeth (1)
- Heinz, S. (1)
- Henault, F. (1)
- Herbst, T. (1)
- Hermel, R. (1)
- Hernandez, S. (1)
- Hernandez-Almada, A. (1)
- Hervet, Oliver (1)
- Hervet, Olivier (1)
- Hewitt, John W. (1)
- Hidaka, N. (1)
- Hillert, A. (1)
- Hinton, J. (1)
- Hivick, B. (1)
- Hoang, J. (1)
- Hoffmann, A. (1)
- Hona, B. (1)
- Horville, D. (1)
- Houles, J. (1)
- Hovatta, Talvikki (1)
- Hrabovsky, M. (1)
- Hsiao, H. Y. (1)
- Huang, D. (1)
- Huang, K. (1)
- Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. (1)
- Hughes, R. E. (1)
- Hultquist, K. (1)
- Huntemeyer, P. (1)
- Huovelin, J. (1)
- Huppert, J. -F. (1)
- Huttens, M. (1)
- Hütten, M. (1)
- Ibryamov, S. I. (1)
- Impiombato, D. (1)
- Incorvaia, S. (1)
- Ingjald, J. (1)
- Iriarte, A. (1)
- Ismailova, E. (1)
- Iwamura, Y. (1)
- Jackson, D. J. (1)
- Jadhav, J. (1)
- Jameil, O. (1)
- Jankowsky, F. (1)
- Jardin-Blicq, A. (1)
- Jarvela, E. (1)
- Jeanney, C. (1)
- Jensen, H. (1)
- Jimenez, J. J. (1)
- Johnson, A. S. (1)
- Johnson, T. (1)
- Johnson, W. N. (1)
- Joner, M. D. (1)
- Jorstad, Svetlana G. (1)
- Joshi, M. (1)
- Joshi, V. (1)
- Journet, L. (1)
- Juffroy, C. (1)
- Junor, W. (1)
- Kaercher, K. (1)
- Kagaya, M. (1)
- Kamae, T. (1)
- Kansson, N. H. A. (1)
- Kapala, M. (1)
- Karamanavis, V. (1)
- Kargaltsev, Oleg (1)
- Kasperek, Aci. (1)
- Kasperek, J. (1)
- Kastana, D. (1)
- Kaur, A. (1)
- Kedziora, B. (1)
- Kellner-Leidel, B. (1)
- Kelly, H. (1)
- Kensei, S. (1)
- Keogh, D. (1)
- Kerr, J. (1)
- Khangulyan, D. (1)
- Kieda, D. B. (1)
- Kieffer, M. (1)
- Kiehlmann, S. (1)
- Kimeridze, G. (1)
- Kino, M. (1)
- Kishimoto, T. (1)
- Kitamoto, K. (1)
- Knapic, C. (1)
- Knapp, J. (1)
- Knapp, J. w (1)
- Knappy, A. R. (1)
- Kocot, J. (1)
- Koehne, J. -H. (1)
- Koeppel, H. (1)
- Kominis, I. (1)
- Kondratiev, V. (1)
- Korohoda, P. (1)
- Kortmann, L. (1)
- Koss, G. (1)
- Kotula, J. (1)
- Koul, R. (1)
- Kovalev, Yuri Y. (1)
- Koyama, S. (1)
- Krakau, S. (1)
- Kranich, D. (1)
- Krawzcynski, H. (1)
- Krayzel, F. (1)
- Krepps, A. (1)
- Krobot, R. (1)
- Krueger, P. (1)
- Krueger, P. P. (1)
- Kuan, J. (1)
- Kuznetsov, A. (1)
- La Barbera, N. (1)
- La Palombara, N. (1)
- Lacombe, K. (1)
- Lamastra, A. (1)
- Lamerato, A. (1)
- Languignon, D. (1)
- Lapington, J. (1)
- Lara, A. (1)
- Larionov, Valeri M. (1)
- Larsson, J. (1)
- Larsson, S. (1)
- Larsson, Stefan (1)
- Latev, G. (1)
- Lauer, R. J. (1)
- Lee, N. P. (1)
- Lees, S. Rosier (1)
- Lefaucheur, J. (1)
- Leigui de Oliveira, M. A. (1)
- Lemiere, A. (1)
- Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne (1)
- Leon Vargas, H. (1)
- Leone, Francesco (1)
- Leopold, D. J. (1)
- Lerch, T. (1)
- Leto, C. (1)
- Leto, P. (1)
- Li, J. (1)
- Li, K. (1)
- Lin, C. S. (1)
- Linhoff, L. (1)
- Linnemann, J. T. (1)
- Lipniacka, A. (1)
- Lister, Matthew L. (1)
- Liu, J. (1)
- Lockart, H. (1)
- Longinotti, A. L. (1)
- Loo, A. (1)
- Loparco, Francesco (1)
- Lopen, R. J. Garcia (1)
- Lopez, A. (1)
- Lopez, R. de los Reyes (1)
- Lorca, A. (1)
- Lott, B. (1)
- Lubrano, Pasquale (1)
- Lucarelli, F. (1)
- Ludwin, J. (1)
- Luedecke, H. (1)
- Luis-Raya, G. (1)
- Luna-Garcia, R. (1)
- Luque-Escamilla, P. L. (1)
- Lustermann, W. (1)
- Ly, C. (1)
- MacDonald, N. R. (1)
- Maccarone, T. (1)
- Maccarone, T. J. (1)
- Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. (1)
- Madejski, G. (1)
- Madrid, J. (1)
- Magill, Jeffrey D. (1)
- Mahabir, M. (1)
- Mahlke, M. (1)
- Makariev, E. (1)
- Makeev, A. (1)
- Malaguti, G. (1)
- Maldera, Simone (1)
- Malkiewicz, P. (1)
- Mallamaci, M. (1)
- Malone, K. (1)
- Mana, C. (1)
- Mancilla, A. (1)
- Mandat, D. (1)
- Manthos, I. (1)
- Maragos, N. (1)
- Marin, J. (1)
- Marinelli, S. S. (1)
- Marisaldi, M. (1)
- Marscher, Alan P. (1)
- Marszalek, A. (1)
- Martens, C. (1)
- Marti, J. (1)
- Martin, J-M. (1)
- Martin, P. (1)
- Martinez, F. (1)
- Martinez, O. (1)
- Martinez-Castellanos, I. (1)
- Martinez-Castro, J. (1)
- Martinez-Huerta, H. (1)
- Marx, R. (1)
- Masbou, J. (1)
- Massaro, F. (1)
- Masserot, A. (1)
- Masuda, S. (1)
- Mathieu, A. (1)
- Mattana, F. (1)
- Matthews, J. A. (1)
- Maurin, D. (1)
- Maxfield, S. (1)
- Maya, J. (1)
- Mc Comb, L. (1)
- McCann, A. J. (1)
- McCollough, M. L. (1)
- McConville, W. (1)
- McKay, R. (1)
- Medina, M. C. (1)
- Melioli, C. (1)
- Mendes, A. (1)
- Menzler, U. (1)
- Mereghetti, S. (1)
- Meyer, M. (1)
- Mihailidis, A. (1)
- Minuti, M. (1)
- Miranda-Romagnoli, P. (1)
- Mizuno, Tsunefumi (1)
- Mognet, I. (1)
- Mohamed, M. (1)
- Moiseev, A. A. (1)
- Molina, E. (1)
- Molina, S. N. (1)
- Molinaro, M. (1)
- Montaruli, T. (1)
- Monte, C. (1)
- Monzani, Maria Elena (1)
- Moore, P. (1)
- Moralejo Olaizola, A. (1)
- Mordalska, M. (1)
- Moreno, E. (1)
- Morselli, A. (1)
- Moskalenko, I. V. (1)
- Moskalenko, Igor V. (1)
- Mostafa, M. (1)
- Motta, G. (1)
- Moudden, Y. (1)
- Mrusek, I. (1)
- Mueller, S. A. (1)
- Munar-Adrover, Pere (1)
- Mundell, C. G. (1)
- Munoz, A. Gonzalez (1)
- Murach, T. (1)
- Murphy, A. (1)
- Murphy, A. Stj. (1)
- Myserlis, I. (1)
- Nagai, H. (1)
- Nagayoshi, T. (1)
- Nalewajko, K. (1)
- Nayerhoda, A. (1)
- Negro, M. (1)
- Nekrassov, D. (1)
- Neronov, A. (1)
- Newbold, M. (1)
- Newbold, M. D. (1)
- Neyroud, N. (1)
- Nguyen, N. (1)
- Nicastro, L. (1)
- Nicholas, B. (1)
- Nicolau-Kuklinski, J. (1)
- Niedzwiecki, Andrzej (1)
- Nievas-Rosillo, M. (1)
- Nikiforova, A. A. (1)
- Nilsson, Kari (1)
- Nisa, M. U. (1)
- Nishino, S. (1)
- Nolan, P. L. (1)
- Nolan, S. (1)
- Noriega-Papaqui, R. (1)
- Northrop, R. (1)
- Nosek, D. (1)
- Nozato, A. (1)
- Nunez, P. (1)
- O'Brien, P. (1)
- O'Brien, P. T. (1)
- Oakes, L. (1)
- Oberkirch, J. (1)
- Ochoa, I. (1)
- Ohka, H. (1)
- Ohoka, H. (1)
- Ojha, R. (1)
- Oksanen, A. (1)
- Okuda, T. (1)
- Olive, J. -F. (1)
- Olivetto, C. (1)
- Omodei, N. (1)
- Omodei, Nicola (1)
- Ong, R. (1)
- Ortega, A. Diago (1)
- Osborne, J. (1)
- Osborne, J. P. (1)
- Otero, L. (1)
- Otero, L. A. (1)
- Padilla, L. (1)
- Paiano, Simona (1)
- Paillot, D. (1)
- Paizis, A. (1)
- Palanque, S. (1)
- Palatka, M. (1)
- Paliya, Vaidehi S. (1)
- Palma, N. (1)
- Panagiotidis, K. (1)
- Panazol, J. -L. (1)
- Panazol, J. L. (1)
- Pandel, Dirk (1)
- Panetta, J. H. (1)
- Papayannis, Alexandros (1)
- Paravac, A. (1)
- Pardo, S. (1)
- Parent, D. (1)
- Parks, G. (1)
- Parraud, J. -M. (1)
- Parsons, D. (1)
- Pavlidou, V. (1)
- Pearson, T. J. (1)
- Pech, M. (1)
- Pegna, R. G. (1)
- Peixoto, C. J. Todero (1)
- Pekeur, N. W. (1)
- Pelat, D. (1)
- Pelayo, R. (1)
- Penil, P. (1)
- Pepato, A. (1)
- Pepe, M. (1)
- Perez, J. (1)
- Perez, M. D. C. (1)
- Perez-Perez, E. G. (1)
- Perlman, E. S. (1)
- Peruzzo, J. (1)
- Peruzzo, L. (1)
- Pesce-Rollins, M. (1)
- Pesce-Rollins, Melissa (1)
- Petrosian, Vahe' (1)
- Petrucci, P-O (1)
- Petrucci, P. O. (1)
- Pfrang, Konstantin Johannes (1)
- Pfrommer, C. (1)
- Piechocki, W. (1)
- Pilia, M. (1)
- Piner, B. G. (1)
- Piner, G. (1)
- Pinzke, A. (1)
- Pizlo, F. (1)
- Pizzolato, F. (1)
- Pohl, Manula (1)
- Poon, H. (1)
- Porter, T. A. (1)
- Porter, Troy A. (1)
- Prado, R. R. (1)
- Prast, J. (1)
- Pretz, J. (1)
- Principe, G. (1)
- Profeti, F. (1)
- Prouza, M. (1)
- Proyetti, M. (1)
- Puchades, N. (1)
- Puerto-Gimenez, I. (1)
- Pyziol, R. (1)
- Quel, E. (1)
- Quel, E. J. (1)
- Quinn, M. J. (1)
- Raab, S. (1)
- Racero, E. (1)
- Rajda, P. (1)
- Rajda, P. J. (1)
- Ramakrishnan, V. (1)
- Ramon, P. (1)
- Rando, Riccardo (1)
- Rani, B. (1)
- Rannot, R. C. (1)
- Rayner, S. M. (1)
- Razzano, Massimilano (1)
- Razzaque, S. (1)
- Razzaque, Soebur (1)
- Readhead, A. C. R. (1)
- Reardon, P. (1)
- Reichardt, T. (1)
- Reimann, C. (1)
- Reitberger, K. (1)
- Ren, Z. (1)
- Reposeur, T. (1)
- Reville, B. (1)
- Reymond, J. -M. (1)
- Reynold, P. T. (1)
- Reynolds, K. (1)
- Reynolds, T. (1)
- Rho, C. D. (1)
- Ribeiro, D. (1)
- Ribo, Marc (1)
- Richards, J. (1)
- Richer, M. G. (1)
- Ridky, J. (1)
- Rissi, M. (1)
- Ristori, P. (1)
- Ristori, P. R. (1)
- Riviere, A. (1)
- Riviere, C. (1)
- Roberts, M. S. E. (1)
- Rodriguez Garcia, J. (1)
- Rodriguez, S. (1)
- Rohlfs, R. (1)
- Rojas, D. Avila (1)
- Rojas, G. (1)
- Romaszkan, W. (1)
- Romoli, C. (1)
- Ros, J. A. (1)
- Rosa-Gonzalez, D. (1)
- Rosen, S. (1)
- Rosenberg, M. (1)
- Rosillo, M. Nievas (1)
- Rosillo, Mireia Nievas (1)
- Ross, D. (1)
- Roth, M. (1)
- Rouaix, G. (1)
- Rousselle, S. (1)
- Roustazadeh, P. (1)
- Rovero, A. (1)
- Rugamer, S. (1)
- Ruiz-Velasco, E. (1)
- Rupinski, M. (1)
- Ruppel, Jens (1)
- Sadeh, Iftach (1)
- Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. (1)
- Sadun, A. (1)
- Saemann, E. O. (1)
- Safiakian, V. (1)
- Saha, Lab (1)
- Sahakyan, Narek (1)
- Sainio, J. (1)
- Saito, Y. (1)
- Sakonaka, R. (1)
- Salazar, E. (1)
- Salazar, H. (1)
- Sanchez Conde, M. A. (1)
- Sanchez, D. (1)
- Sandaker, H. (1)
- Sander, A. (1)
- Sant'Ambrogio, E. (1)
- Sartore, N. (1)
- Sasaki, H. (1)
- Savolainen, Tuomas (1)
- Sawada, M. (1)
- Scargle, J. D. (1)
- Schaal, M. (1)
- Schafer, J. (1)
- Schleicher, B. (1)
- Schneider, M. (1)
- Schoeck, F. M. (1)
- Schovanek, P. (1)
- Schroder, S. (1)
- Schroeder, S. (1)
- Schrödter, M. (1)
- Schuessler, F. (1)
- Schuliz, C. (1)
- Schulz, F. (1)
- Schure, K. (1)
- Schwab, T. (1)
- Schwarz, J. (1)
- Sedlaczek, K. (1)
- Segreto, A. (1)
- Seiradakis, J. (1)
- Seiradakis, J. -H. (1)
- Selmane, S. (1)
- Semkov, E. H. (1)
- Sharma, M. (1)
- Shi, J. (1)
- Shibuya, A. (1)
- Shukla, A. (1)
- Shum, E. (1)
- Sidoli, L. (1)
- Sidz, M. (1)
- Sieiro, J. (1)
- Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. (1)
- Sievers, A. (1)
- Singh, B. B. (1)
- Sinnis, G. (1)
- Skilton, J. L. (1)
- Sliusar, V. (1)
- Smareglia, R. (1)
- Smith, A. J. (1)
- Smith, D. (1)
- Smith, J. (1)
- Smith, P. D. (1)
- Soares-Furtado, M. (1)
- Sofo Haro, M. (1)
- Somero, A. (1)
- Sottile, G. (1)
- Sowinski, M. (1)
- Spandre, G. (1)
- Spandre, Gloria (1)
- Spies, F. (1)
- Springer, R. W. (1)
- Starling, R. (1)
- Starling, R. L. C. (1)
- Steele, D. (1)
- Steele, I. A. (1)
- Stern, D. (1)
- Sterzel, M. (1)
- Stevenson, M. (1)
- Strazzeri, E. (1)
- Strickman, M. S. (1)
- Stringhetti, L. (1)
- Struebig, J. C. (1)
- Sulanke, K. -H. (1)
- Sulanke, K. H. (1)
- Surajbali, P. (1)
- Sushch, I. (1)
- Svraka, T. (1)
- Sweeney, K. (1)
- Sykes, J. (1)
- Szymkowiak, A. (1)
- Taboada, Ignacio (1)
- Tajima, Hiroyasu (1)
- Takahashi, T. (1)
- Takalo, L. O. (1)
- Talbot, C. (1)
- Talbot, R. G. (1)
- Tam, P. H. (1)
- Tanaka, S. (1)
- Tanaka, T. (1)
- Tanimori, T. (1)
- Tasan, J. (1)
- Tavecchio, Fabrizio (1)
- Tavernier, T. (1)
- Taylor, A. M. (1)
- Tchernin, C. (1)
- Tezier, D. (1)
- Thayer, J. G. (1)
- Thom, M. (1)
- Thompson, D. J. (1)
- Thompson, David J. (1)
- Thuermann, D. (1)
- Tiengo, A. (1)
- Tinivella, M. (1)
- Todd, N. W. (1)
- Todero Peixoto, C. J. (1)
- Tollefson, K. (1)
- Toner, J. (1)
- Torii, K. (1)
- Tornikoski, Merja (1)
- Torres, Diego F. (1)
- Torres, F. (1)
- Torres, I. (1)
- Torres, M. (1)
- Tosti, Gino (1)
- Toussenel, C. (1)
- Toussenel, F. (1)
- Tovmassian, G. (1)
- Tramacere, A. (1)
- Travnicek, P. (1)
- Trichard, C. (1)
- Trifoglio, M. (1)
- Trigilio, C. (1)
- Troitskaya, Y. V. (1)
- Troitskaya, Yu. V. (1)
- Troja, E. (1)
- Troja, Eleonora (1)
- Troyano, I. (1)
- Tsinganos, K. (1)
- Uchiyama, Y. (1)
- Ueno, H. (1)
- Ukwatta, Tilan N. (1)
- Umana, G. (1)
- Umehara, K. (1)
- Ungerechts, H. (1)
- Upadhya, S. S. (1)
- Urry, M. (1)
- Usher, T. (1)
- Usher, T. L. (1)
- Uslenghi, M. (1)
- Valdes-Galicia, J. F. (1)
- Valverde, J. (1)
- Vandenbrouke, J. (1)
- Vanderwalt, J. (1)
- Vasileiou, V. (1)
- Vassiliev, V. (1)
- Veberic, D. (1)
- Venter, L. (1)
- Veres, P. (1)
- Vergani, S. (1)
- Vianello, G. (1)
- Vianello, Giacomo (1)
- Vilchez, N. (1)
- Villasenor, L. (1)
- Vince, O. (1)
- Vitale, V. (1)
- Vogel, M. (1)
- Von Gunten, H. P. (1)
- Vuerli, C. (1)
- Vurm, Indrek (1)
- Waegebaert, V. (1)
- Wagner, B. (1)
- Wagner, P. (1)
- Wagner, R. (1)
- Waite, A. P. (1)
- Walter, P. (1)
- Walther, T. (1)
- Wang, P. (1)
- Warda, K. (1)
- Wehrle, A. (1)
- Weidinger, M. (1)
- Weng, S. (1)
- Westerhoff, Stefan (1)
- Wiesand, S. (1)
- Wilcox, Patrick (1)
- Wilhel, A. (1)
- Wilkinson, M. (1)
- Wilkinson, M. I. (1)
- Williams, David Arnold (1)
- Willingale, R. (1)
- Willmann, P. (1)
- Winde, M. (1)
- Winer, B. L. (1)
- Winiarski, K. (1)
- Wisher, I. G. (1)
- Wissel, S. (1)
- Wissel, S. A. (1)
- Wolczko, A. (1)
- Wood, D. L. (1)
- Wood, J. (1)
- Wood, K. (1)
- Wood, K. S. (1)
- Wouters, D. (1)
- Wu, M. H. (1)
- Yadav, K. K. (1)
- Yamamoto, H. (1)
- Yamaoka, K. (1)
- Yang, Z. (1)
- Yapici, Tolga (1)
- Yassine, M. (1)
- Yebras, J. M. (1)
- Yelos, D. (1)
- Ylinen, T. (1)
- Yodh, G. (1)
- Yoffo, B. (1)
- Yonetani, M. (1)
- Yusef-Zadeh, F. (1)
- Zagdanski, A. (1)
- Zefi, F. (1)
- Zepeda, A. (1)
- Zhang, W. (1)
- Zhao, A. (1)
- Zhou, H. (1)
- Zhou, X. (1)
- Zhu, S. (1)
- Ziegler, M. (1)
- Ziolkowski, J. (1)
- Zurbach, C. (1)
- de Bhroithe, A. O&rsquo (1)
- de Cea del Pozo, E. (1)
- de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M. (1)
- de Jager, O. (1)
- de Jager, O. C. (1)
- de Mello Neto, J. R. T. (1)
- de Oliveira, Y. (1)
- de la Calle, I. (1)
- deWilt, P. (1)
- del Pozo, E. De Cea (1)
- do Couto e Silva, E. (1)
- tAliu, E. (1)
- van Driel, W. (1)
- van Scherpenberg, J. (1)
- van der Walt, J. (1)
- von Gunten, H. P. (1)
Year of publication
Language
- English (70) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (70)
Keywords
- gamma rays: galaxies (21)
- gamma rays: general (17)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (12)
- galaxies: active (12)
- acceleration of particles (8)
- astroparticle physics (7)
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal (7)
- binaries: general (6)
- X-rays: binaries (4)
- galaxies: jets (4)
Institute
Acciari, V. A. ; Aliu, E. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bradbury, S. M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Christiansen, J. L. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Duke, C. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Finley, J. P. ; Finnegan, G. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Godambe, S. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Guenette, R. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Hui, C. M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Jackson, D. J. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Newbold, M. D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rose, H. J. ; Ruppel, J. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sentuerk, G. D. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Swordy, S. P. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Tsurusaki, K. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Vivier, M. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Williams, D. A. ; Wood, M.
We present the results of 16 Swift-triggered Gamma-ray burst (GRB) follow-up observations taken with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) telescope array from 2007 January to 2009 June. The median energy threshold and response time of these observations were 260 GeV and 320 s, respectively. Observations had an average duration of 90 minutes. Each burst is analyzed independently in two modes: over the whole duration of the observations and again over a shorter timescale determined by the maximum VERITAS sensitivity to a burst with a t(-1.5) time profile. This temporal model is characteristic of GRB afterglows with high-energy, long-lived emission that have been detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi satellite. No significant very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission was detected and upper limits above the VERITAS threshold energy are calculated. The VERITAS upper limits are corrected for gamma-ray extinction by the extragalactic background light and interpreted in the context of the keV emission detected by Swift. For some bursts the VHE emission must have less power than the keV emission, placing constraints on inverse Compton models of VHE emission.
Archambault, S. ; Aune, T. ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, Wei ; Dumm, J. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, Daniel ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Rajotte, J. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Ackermann, Margit ; Ajello, M. ; Albert, A. ; Baldini, L. ; Bastieri, D. ; Bellazzini, R. ; Bissaldi, E. ; Bregeon, Johan ; Buehler, R. ; Buson, S. ; Caliandro, G. A. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Caraveo, P. A. ; Cavazzuti, E. ; Charles, E. ; Chiang, J. ; Ciprini, S. ; Claus, R. ; Cutini, S. ; de Angelis, A. ; de Palma, F. ; Dermer, C. D. ; Digel, S. W. ; Di Venere, L. ; Drell, P. S. ; Favuzzi, C. ; Franckowiak, A. ; Fusco, P. ; Gargano, F. ; Gasparrini, D. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Giroletti, M. ; Grenier, I. A. ; Guiriec, S. ; Jogler, T. ; Kuss, M. ; Larsson, S. ; Latronico, L. ; Longo, F. ; Loparco, F. ; Lubrano, P. ; Madejski, G. M. ; Mayer, M. ; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola ; Michelson, P. F. ; Mizuno, T. ; Monzani, M. E. ; Morselli, Aldo ; Murgia, S. ; Nuss, E. ; Ohsugi, T. ; Ormes, J. F. ; Paneque, D. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Piron, F. ; Pivato, G. ; Raino, S. ; Razzano, M. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, Olaf ; Ritz, S. ; Schaal, M. ; Sgro, C. ; Siskind, E. J. ; Spinelli, P. ; Takahashi, H. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tinivella, M. ; Troja, E. ; Vianello, G. ; Werner, M. ; Wood, M.
We present deep VERITAS observations of the blazar PKS 1424+240, along with contemporaneous Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope, and Swift UV Optical Telescope data between 2009 February 19 and 2013 June 8. This blazar resides at a redshift of z >= 0.6035, displaying a significantly attenuated gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV due to photon absorption via pair-production with the extragalactic background light. We present more than 100 hr of VERITAS observations over three years, a multiwavelength light curve, and the contemporaneous spectral energy distributions. The source shows a higher flux of (2.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-7) photons m(-2) s(-1) above 120 GeV in 2009 and 2011 as compared to the flux measured in 2013, corresponding to (1.02 +/- 0.08) x 10-7 photons m(-2) s(-1) above 120 GeV. The measured differential very high energy (VHE; E >= 100 GeV) spectral indices are Gamma = 3.8 +/- 0.3, 4.3 +/- 0.6 and 4.5 +/- 0.2 in 2009, 2011, and 2013, respectively. No significant spectral change across the observation epochs is detected. We find no evidence for variability at gamma-ray opacities of greater than tau = 2, where it is postulated that any variability would be small and occur on timescales longer than a year if hadronic cosmic-ray interactions with extragalactic photon fields provide a secondary VHE photon flux. The data cannot rule out such variability due to low statistics.
Aliu, E. ; Archer, A. ; Aune, T. ; Barnacka, Anna ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, Wei ; Dickinson, H. J. ; Dumm, J. ; Eisch, J. D. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hakansson, Nils ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kar, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Millis, J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Nieto, Daniel ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Rajotte, J. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
We present results from VERITAS observations of the BL Lac object PG 1553+113 spanning the years 2010, 2011, and 2012. The time-averaged spectrum, measured between 160 and 560 GeV, is well described by a power law with a spectral index of 4.33 +/- 0.09. The time-averaged integral flux above 200 GeV measured for this period was (1.69 +/- 0.06) x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1), corresponding to 6.9% of the Crab Nebula flux. We also present the combined gamma-ray spectrum from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and VERITAS covering an energy range from 100 MeV to 560 GeV. The data are well fit by a power law with an exponential cutoff at 101.9 +/- 3.2 GeV. The origin of the cutoff could be intrinsic to PG 1553+113 or be due to the gamma-ray opacity of our universe through pair production off the extragalactic background light (EBL). Given lower limits to the redshift of z > 0.395 based on optical/UV observations of PG 1553+113, the cutoff would be dominated by EBL absorption. Conversely, the small statistical uncertainties of the VERITAS energy spectrum have allowed us to provide a robust upper limit on the redshift of PG 1553+113 of z <= 0.62. A strongly elevated mean flux of (2.50 +/- 0.14) x10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1) (10.3% of the Crab Nebula flux) was observed during 2012, with the daily flux reaching as high as (4.44 +/- 0.71) x10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1) (18.3% of the Crab Nebula flux) on MJD 56048. The light curve measured during the 2012 observing season is marginally inconsistent with a steady flux, giving a chi(2) probability for a steady flux of 0.03%.
Abeysekara, A. U. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Brill, A. ; Brose, Robert ; Buckley, J. H. ; Christiansen, Jessie L. ; Chromey, A. J. ; Daniel, M. K. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Qi ; Finley, John P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, Amy ; Gillanders, Gerard H. ; Gueta, O. ; Hanna, David ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, Caitlin A. ; Kaaret, Philip ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, David ; Krause, Maria ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, Reshmi ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, Gregory T. ; Roache, E. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, Marcos ; Scott, S. S. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, Karlen ; Tyler, J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Williamson, T. J. ; Zitzer, B. ; Kaur, A.
On 2017 September 22, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory reported the detection of the high-energy neutrino event IC 170922A, of potential astrophysical origin. It was soon determined that the neutrino direction was consistent with the location of the gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056. (3FGL J0509.4+ 0541), which was in an elevated gamma-ray emission state as measured by the Fermi satellite. Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observations of the neutrino/blazar region started on 2017 September 23 in response to the neutrino alert and continued through 2018 February 6. While no significant very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) emission was observed from the blazar by VERITAS in the two-week period immediately following the IceCube alert, TXS 0506+ 056 was detected by VERITAS with a significance of 5.8 standard deviations (sigma) in the full 35 hr data set. The average photon flux of the source during this period was (8.9 +/- 1.6). x. 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1), or 1.6% of the Crab Nebula flux, above an energy threshold of 110 GeV, with a soft spectral index of 4.8. +/-. 1.3.
Archambault, S. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Bourbeau, E. ; Buchovecky, M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dwarkadas, Vikram V. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Griffin, S. ; Huetten, M. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krause, M. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, Nahee ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Slane, P. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Trepanier, S. ; Tyler, J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
tAliu, E. ; Archambault, S. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Bouvier, A. ; Bradbury, S. M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Duke, C. ; Dumm, J. ; Dwarkadas, Vikram V. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Finnegan, G. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Godambe, S. ; Gotthelf, E. V. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Huan, H. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lee, K. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Millis, J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nelson, T. ; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Pandel, D. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rose, H. J. ; Ruppel, Jens ; Saxon, D. B. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sentuerk, G. D. ; Skole, C. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Tsurusaki, K. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Welsing, R. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
We report the discovery of an unidentified, extended source of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission, VER J2019+407, within the radio shell of the supernova remnant SNR G78.2+2.1, using 21.4 hr of data taken by the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory in 2009. These data confirm the preliminary indications of gamma-ray emission previously seen in a two-year (2007-2009) blind survey of the Cygnus region by VERITAS. VER J2019+407, which is detected at a post-trials significance of 7.5 standard deviations in the 2009 data, is localized to the northwestern rim of the remnant in a region of enhanced radio and X-ray emission. It has an intrinsic extent of 0 degrees.23 +/- 0 degrees.03(stat-0 degrees.02sys)(+0 degrees.04) and its spectrum is well-characterized by a differential power law (dN/dE = N-0 x (E/TeV)-Gamma) with a photon index of Gamma = 2.37 +/- 0.14(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and a flux normalization of N-0 = 1.5 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.4(sys) x 10(-12) photon TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1). This yields an integral flux of 5.2 +/- 0.8(stat) +/- 1.4(sys) x 10(-12) photon cm(-2) s(-1) above 320 GeV, corresponding to 3.7% of the Crab Nebula flux. We consider the relationship of the TeV gamma-ray emission with the GeV gamma-ray emission seen from SNR G78.2+2.1 as well as that seen from a nearby cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays. Multiple scenarios are considered as possible origins for the TeV gamma-ray emission, including hadronic particle acceleration at the SNR shock.
Aliu, E. ; Archambault, S. ; Archer, A. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Barnacka, Anna ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Böttcher, Markus ; Bouvier, A. ; Buchovecky, M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Cesarini, A. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dumm, J. ; Eisch, J. D. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hütten, M. ; Hakansson, Nils ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krause, M. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Millis, J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Pandel, D. ; Park, N. ; Pelassa, V. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rousselle, J. ; Rovero, A. C. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Sheidaei, F. ; Skole, C. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Theiling, M. ; Todd, N. W. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weiner, O. M. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Baring, M. G. ; Gonzalez, J. Becerra ; Cillis, A. N. ; Horan, D. ; Paneque, D.
The very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) blazar Markarian 501 was observed between April 17 and May 5 (MJD 54 938-54 956), 2009, as part of an extensive multiwavelength campaign from radio to VHE. Strong VHE yray activity was detected on May 1st with Whipple and VERITAS, when the flux (E > 400 GeV) increased to 10 times the preflare baseline flux (3.9 x 10(-11) ph cm(-2) s(-1)), reaching five times the flux of the Crab Nebula. This coincided with a decrease in the optical polarization and a rotation of the polarization angle by 15. This VHE flare showed a fast flux variation with an increase of a factor similar to 4 in 25 min, and a falling time of similar to 50 min. We present the observations of the quiescent state previous to the flare and of the high state after the flare, focusing on the flux and spectral variability from Whipple, VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, RXTE, and Swift combined with optical and radio data.
Aliu, E. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Boettcher, Markus ; Bouvier, A. ; Bradbury, S. M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Godambe, S. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Huan, H. ; Hughes, G. ; Hui, C. M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rose, H. J. ; Ruppel, J. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Skole, C. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Tsurusaki, K. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vincent, S. ; Vivier, M. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Williams, D. A.
We report on very high energy (>100 GeV) gamma-ray observations of Swift J164449.3+573451, an unusual transient object first detected by the Swift Observatory and later detected by multiple radio, optical, and X-ray observatories. A total exposure of 28 hr was obtained on Swift J164449.3+573451 with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System ( VERITAS) during 2011 March 28-April 15. We do not detect the source and place a differential upper limit on the emission at 500 GeV during these observations of 1.4 x 10(-12) erg cm(-2) s(-1) (99% confidence level). We also present time-resolved upper limits and use a flux limit averaged over the X-ray flaring period to constrain various emission scenarios that can accommodate both the radio-through-X-ray emission detected from the source and the lack of detection by VERITAS.
Archambault, S. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Bouvier, A. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Millis, J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Theiling, M. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Boettcher, Markus ; Fegan, S. J. ; Fortin, P. ; Halpern, J. P. ; Kovalev, Y. Y. ; Lister, M. L. ; Liu, J. ; Pushkarev, A. B. ; Smith, P. S.
We report the detection of a new TeV gamma-ray source, VER J0521+211, based on observations made with the VERITAS imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope Array. These observations were motivated by the discovery of a cluster of >30 GeV photons in the first year of Fermi Large Area Telescope observations. VER J0521+211 is relatively bright at TeV energies, with a mean photon flux of (1.93 +/- 0.13(stat) +/- 0.78(sys)) x 10(-11) cm(-2) s(-1) above 0.2 TeV during the period of the VERITAS observations. The source is strongly variable on a daily timescale across all wavebands, from optical to TeV, with a peak flux corresponding to similar to 0.3 times the steady Crab Nebula flux at TeV energies. Follow-up observations in the optical and X-ray bands classify the newly discovered TeV source as a BL Lac-type blazar with uncertain redshift, although recent measurements suggest z = 0.108. VER J0521+211 exhibits all the defining properties of blazars in radio, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths.
Abeysekara, A. U. ; Archer, A. ; Aune, Taylor ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Brose, Robert ; Buchovecky, M. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cui, Wei ; Daniel, M. K. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Qi ; Finley, John P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Flinders, A. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, Amy ; Gotthelf, Eric V. ; Grube, J. ; Hanna, David ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Huang, K. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Huetten, M. ; Johnson, Caitlin A. ; Kaaret, Philip ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, David ; Krause, Maria ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; Maier, Gernot ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, Reshmi ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, Adam Nepomuk ; Pandel, Dirk ; Park, Nahee ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, Alexis ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, Gregory T. ; Roache, E. ; Rousselle, J. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, Karlen ; Tyler, J. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, David A. ; Zitzer, B.
We present results from deep observations toward the Cygnus region using 300 hr of very high energy (VHE)gamma-ray data taken with the VERITAS Cerenkov telescope array and over 7 yr of high-energy.-ray data taken with the Fermi satellite at an energy above 1 GeV. As the brightest region of diffuse gamma-ray emission in the northern sky, the Cygnus region provides a promising area to probe the origins of cosmic rays. We report the identification of a potential Fermi-LAT counterpart to VER J2031+415 (TeV J2032+4130) and resolve the extended VHE source VER J2019+368 into two source candidates (VER J2018+367* and VER J2020+368*) and characterize their energy spectra. The Fermi-LAT morphology of 3FGL J2021.0+4031e (the Gamma Cygni supernova remnant) was examined, and a region of enhanced emission coincident with VER J2019+407 was identified and jointly fit with the VERITAS data. By modeling 3FGL J2015.6+3709 as two sources, one located at the location of the pulsar wind nebula CTB 87 and one at the quasar QSO J2015+371, a continuous spectrum from 1 GeV to 10 TeV was extracted for VER J2016+371 (CTB 87). An additional 71 locations coincident with Fermi-LAT sources and other potential objects of interest were tested for VHE gamma-ray emission, with no emission detected and upper limits on the differential flux placed at an average of 2.3% of the Crab Nebula flux. We interpret these observations in a multiwavelength context and present the most detailed gamma-ray view of the region to date.
Aliu, E. ; Archambault, S. ; Behera, B. ; Berger, K. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Bouvier, A. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dumm, J. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Rajotte, J. ; Ratliff, G. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sheidaei, F. ; Skole, C. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Zajczyk, A. ; Zitzer, B.
We present the results of a multiwavelength observational campaign on the TeV binary system LS I +61 degrees 303 with the VERITAS telescope array (>200 GeV), Fermi-LAT (0.3-300 GeV), and Swift/XRT (2-10 keV). The data were taken from 2011 December through 2012 January and show a strong detection in all three wavebands. During this period VERITAS obtained 24.9 hr of quality selected livetime data in which LS I +61 degrees 303 was detected at a statistical significance of 11.9 sigma. These TeV observations show evidence for nightly variability in the TeV regime at a post-trial significance of 3.6 sigma. The combination of the simultaneously obtained TeV and X-ray fluxes do not demonstrate any evidence for a correlation between emission in the two bands. For the first time since the launch of the Fermi satellite in 2008, this TeV detection allows the construction of a detailed MeV-TeV spectral energy distribution from LS I +61 degrees 303. This spectrum shows a distinct cutoff in emission near 4 GeV, with emission seen by the VERITAS observations following a simple power-law above 200 GeV. This feature in the spectrum of LS I +61 degrees 303, obtained from overlapping observations with Fermi-LAT and VERITAS, may indicate that there are two distinct populations of accelerated particles producing the GeV and TeV emission.
Archambault, S. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Bouvier, A. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Duke, C. ; Dumm, J. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Pandel, D. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Rajotte, J. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sheidaei, F. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Theiling, M. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; McCollough, M. L.
We report results from TeV gamma-ray observations of the microquasar Cygnus X-3. The observations were made with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) over a time period from 2007 June 11 to 2011 November 28. VERITAS is most sensitive to gamma rays at energies between 85 GeV and 30 TeV. The effective exposure time amounts to a total of about 44 hr, with the observations covering six distinct radio/X-ray states of the object. No significant TeV gamma-ray emission was detected in any of the states, nor with all observations combined. The lack of a positive signal, especially in the states where GeV gamma rays were detected, places constraints on TeV gamma-ray production in Cygnus X-3. We discuss the implications of the results.
Abeysekara, A. U. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Brantseg, T. ; Brose, Robert ; Buchovecky, M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, Wei ; Daniel, M. K. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Qi ; Finley, John P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, Amy ; Gillanders, Gerard H. ; Gunawardhana, Isuru ; Huetten, M. ; Hanna, David ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, Caitlin A. ; Kaaret, Philip ; Kar, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, Reshmi ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, Adam Nepomuk ; Park, N. ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, Gregory T. ; Roache, E. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, Karlen ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Jorstad, Svetlana G. ; Marscher, Alan P. ; Lister, Matthew L. ; Kovalev, Yuri Y. ; Pushkarev, A. B. ; Savolainen, Tuomas ; Agudo, I. ; Molina, S. N. ; Gomez, J. L. ; Larionov, Valeri M. ; Borman, G. A. ; Mokrushina, A. A. ; Tornikoski, Merja ; Lahteenmaki, A. ; Chamani, W. ; Enestam, S. ; Kiehlmann, S. ; Hovatta, Talvikki ; Smith, P. S. ; Pontrelli, P.
Combined with measurements made by very-long-baseline interferometry, the observations of fast TeV gamma-ray flares probe the structure and emission mechanism of blazar jets. However, only a handful of such flares have been detected to date, and only within the last few years have these flares been observed from lower-frequency-peaked BL. Lac objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars. We report on a fast TeV gamma-ray flare from the blazar BL. Lacertae observed by the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). with a rise time of similar to 2.3 hr and a decay time of similar to 36 min. The peak flux above 200 GeV is (4.2 +/- 0.6) x 10(-6) photon m(-2) s(-1) measured with a 4-minute-binned light curve, corresponding to similar to 180% of the flux that is observed from the Crab Nebula above the same energy threshold. Variability contemporaneous with the TeV gamma-ray flare was observed in GeV gamma-ray, X-ray, and optical flux, as well as in optical and radio polarization. Additionally, a possible moving emission feature with superluminal apparent velocity was identified in Very Long Baseline Array observations at 43 GHz, potentially passing the radio core of the jet around the time of the gamma-ray flare. We discuss the constraints on the size, Lorentz factor, and location of the emitting region of the flare, and the interpretations with several theoretical models that invoke relativistic plasma passing stationary shocks.
Furniss, A. ; Noda, K. ; Boggs, S. ; Chiang, J. ; Christensen, F. ; Craig, W. ; Giommi, P. ; Hailey, C. ; Harisson, F. ; Madejski, G. ; Nalewajko, K. ; Perri, M. ; Stern, D. ; Urry, M. ; Verrecchia, F. ; Zhang, W. ; Ahnen, M. L. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Babic, A. ; Banerjee, B. ; Bangale, P. ; de Almeida, U. Barres ; Barrio, J. A. ; Becerra Gonzalez, J. ; Bednarek, W. ; Bernardini, E. ; Biasuzzi, B. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch Bigas, O. ; Bonnefoy, S. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Borracci, F. ; Bretz, T. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Clavero, R. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Caneva, G. ; De Lotto, B. ; de Ona Wilhelmi, E. ; Delgado Mendez, C. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Prester, Dijana Dominis ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Einecke, S. ; Eisenacher Glawion, D. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Fernandez-Barral, A. ; Fidalgo, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Frantzen, K. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; Garcia Lopez, R. J. ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Garrido Terrats, D. ; Gaug, M. ; Giammaria, P. ; Godinovic, N. ; Gonzalez Munoz, A. ; Guberman, D. ; Hanabata, Y. ; Hayashida, M. ; Herrera, J. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Hughes, G. ; Idec, W. ; Kellermann, H. ; Kodani, K. ; Konno, Y. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; La Barbera, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Lewandowska, N. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; Lopez, M. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lopez-Oramas, A. ; Lorenz, E. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, M. ; Mallot, K. ; Maneva, G. ; Manganaro, M. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Marcote, B. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Menzel, U. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Moralejo, A. ; Nakajima, D. ; Neustroev, V. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Nievas Rosillo, M. ; Nilsson, K. ; Nishijima, K. ; Orito, R. ; Overkemping, A. ; Paiano, S. ; Palacio, J. ; Palatiello, M. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Paredes-Fortuny, X. ; Persic, M. ; Poutanen, J. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Reinthal, R. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Garcia, J. Rodriguez ; Saito, T. ; Saito, K. ; Satalecka, K. ; Scapin, V. ; Schultz, C. ; Schweizer, T. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Snidaric, I. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Stamerra, A. ; Steinbring, T. ; Strzys, M. ; Takalo, L. ; Takami, H. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzic, T. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Thaele, J. ; Torres, D. F. ; Toyama, T. ; Treves, A. ; Verguilov, V. ; Vovk, I. ; Will, M. ; Zanin, R. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Bugaev, V. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickinson, H. J. ; Dumm, J. ; Eisch, J. D. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Gerard, L. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hakansson, Nils ; Holder, J. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krause, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Park, N. ; Petry, D. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Ragan, K. ; Ratliff, G. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weiner, O. M. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Vince, O. ; Fuhrmann, L. ; Angelakis, E. ; Karamanavis, V. ; Myserlis, I. ; Krichbaum, T. P. ; Zensus, J. A. ; Ungerechts, H. ; Sievers, A. ; Bachev, R. ; Boettcher, Markus ; Chen, W. P. ; Damljanovic, G. ; Eswaraiah, C. ; Guver, T. ; Hovatta, T. ; Hughes, Z. ; Ibryamov, S. I. ; Joner, M. D. ; Jordan, B. ; Jorstad, S. G. ; Joshi, M. ; Kataoka, J. ; Kurtanidze, O. M. ; Kurtanidze, S. O. ; Lahteenmaki, A. ; Latev, G. ; Lin, H. C. ; Larionov, V. M. ; Mokrushina, A. A. ; Morozova, D. A. ; Nikolashvili, M. G. ; Raiteri, C. M. ; Ramakrishnan, V. ; Readhead, A. C. R. ; Sadun, A. C. ; Sigua, L. A. ; Semkov, E. H. ; Strigachev, A. ; Tammi, J. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Troitskaya, Y. V. ; Troitsky, I. S. ; Villata, M.
We report on simultaneous broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar Markarian 501 between 2013 April 1 and August 10, including the first detailed characterization of the synchrotron peak with Swift and NuSTAR. During the campaign, the nearby BL Lac object was observed in both a quiescent and an elevated state. The broadband campaign includes observations with NuSTAR, MAGIC, VERITAS, the Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope and UV Optical Telescope, various ground-based optical instruments, including the GASP-WEBT program, as well as radio observations by OVRO, Metsahovi, and the F-Gamma consortium. Some of the MAGIC observations were affected by a sand layer from the Saharan desert, and had to be corrected using event-by-event corrections derived with a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) facility. This is the first time that LIDAR information is used to produce a physics result with Cherenkov Telescope data taken during adverse atmospheric conditions, and hence sets a precedent for the current and future ground-based gamma-ray instruments. The NuSTAR instrument provides unprecedented sensitivity in hard X-rays, showing the source to display a spectral energy distribution (SED) between 3 and 79 keV consistent with a log-parabolic spectrum and hard X-ray variability on hour timescales. None (of the four extended NuSTAR observations) show evidence of the onset of inverse-Compton emission at hard X-ray energies. We apply a single-zone equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model to five simultaneous broadband SEDs. We find that the SSC model can reproduce the observed broadband states through a decrease in the magnetic field strength coinciding with an increase in the luminosity and hardness of the relativistic leptons responsible for the high-energy emission.
Multiwavelength observations of the AGN 1ES 0414+009 with veritas, FERMI-LAT, SWIFT-XRT, AND MDM
(2012)
Aliu, E. ; Archambault, S. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Boettcher, Markus ; Bouvier, A. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Dumm, J. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Stefania ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Finnegan, G. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Godambe, S. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Huan, H. ; Hughes, G. ; Hui, C. M. ; Imran, A. ; Jameil, O. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kerr, J. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lee, K. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nelson, T. ; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Ruppel, J. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sentuerk, G. D. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Stroh, M. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Tsurusaki, K. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vivier, M. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
We present observations of the BL Lac object 1ES 0414+009 in the >200 GeV gamma-ray band by the VERITAS array of Cherenkov telescopes. 1ES 0414+009 was observed by VERITAS between 2008 January and 2011 February, resulting in 56.2 hr of good quality pointed observations. These observations resulted in a detection of 822 events from the source corresponding to a statistical significance of 6.4 standard deviations (6.4 sigma) above the background. The source flux, showing no evidence for variability, is measured as (5.2 +/- 1.1(stat) +/- 2.6(sys)) x 10(-12) photons cm(-2) s(-1) above 200 GeV, equivalent to approximately 2% of the Crab Nebula flux above this energy. The differential photon spectrum from 230 GeV to 850 GeV is well fit by a power law with a photon index of Gamma = 3.4 +/- 0.5(stat) +/- 0.3(sys) and a flux normalization of (1.6 +/- 0.3(stat) +/- 0.8(sys)) x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1) at 300 GeV. We also present multiwavelength results taken in the optical (MDM), x-ray (Swift-XRT), and GeV (Fermi-LAT) bands and use these results to construct a broadband spectral energy distribution (SED). Modeling of this SED indicates that homogenous one-zone leptonic scenarios are not adequate to describe emission from the system, with a lepto-hadronic model providing a better fit to the data.
Aliu, E. ; Archambault, S. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Bouvier, A. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dumm, J. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gerard, L. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; De Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Skole, C. ; Smith, A. W. ; Soares-Furtado, M. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Böttcher, Markus ; Fumagalli, M. ; Jadhav, J.
We report on VERITAS observations of the BL Lac object B2 1215+30 between 2008 and 2012. During this period, the source was detected at very high energies (VHEs; E > 100 GeV) by VERITAS with a significance of 8.9s and showed clear variability on timescales larger than months. In 2011, the source was found to be in a relatively bright state and a power-law fit to the differential photon spectrum yields a spectral index of 3.6 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0.3(syst) with an integral flux above 200 GeV of (8.0 +/- 0.9(stat) +/- 3.2(syst)) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1). No short term variability could be detected during the bright state in 2011. Multi-wavelength data were obtained contemporaneously with the VERITAS observations in 2011 and cover optical (Super-LOTIS, MDM, Swift/UVOT), X-ray (Swift/XRT), and gamma-ray (Fermi-LAT) frequencies. These were used to construct the spectral energy distribution (SED) of B2 1215+30. A one-zone leptonic model is used to model the blazar emission and the results are compared to those of MAGIC from early 2011 and other VERITAS-detected blazars. The SED can be reproduced well with model parameters typical for VHE-detected BL Lac objects.
Aliu, E. ; Aune, T. ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Bouvier, A. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dumm, J. ; Dwarkadas, Vikram V. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortin, P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Gotthelf, E. V. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kargaltsev, O. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Millis, J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Pandel, D. ; Park, N. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Rajotte, J. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Roberts, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
We present very high energy (VHE) imaging of MGRO J2019+37 obtained with the VERITAS observatory. The bright extended (similar to 2 degrees) unidentified Milagro source is located toward the rich star formation region Cygnus-X. MGRO J2019+37 is resolved into two VERITAS sources. The faint, point-like source VER J2016+371 overlaps CTB 87, a filled-center remnant (SNR) with no evidence of a supernova remnant shell at the present time. Its spectrum is well fit in the 0.65-10 TeV energy range by a power-law model with photon index 2.3 +/- 0.4. VER J2019+378 is a bright extended (similar to 1 degrees) source that likely accounts for the bulk of the Milagro emission and is notably coincident with PSR J2021+3651 and the star formation region Sh 2-104. Its spectrum in the range 1-30 TeV is well fit with a power-law model of photon index 1.75 +/- 0.3, among the hardest values measured in the VHE band, comparable to that observed near Vela-X. We explore the unusual spectrum and morphology in the radio and X-ray bands to constrain possible emission mechanisms for this source.
Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bouvier, A. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Dumm, J. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, S. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Finnegan, G. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Godambe, S. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Holder, J. ; Huan, H. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Imran, A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lee, K. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nelson, T. ; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Ruppel, J. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Skole, C. ; Smith, A. W. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Tsurusaki, K. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vivier, M. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Pfrommer, C. ; Pinzke, A.
Observations of radio halos and relics in galaxy clusters indicate efficient electron acceleration. Protons should likewise be accelerated and, on account of weak energy losses, can accumulate, suggesting that clusters may also be sources of very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission. We report here on VHE gamma-ray observations of the Coma galaxy cluster with the VERITAS array of imaging Cerenkov telescopes, with complementing Fermi Large Area Telescope observations at GeV energies. No significant gamma-ray emission from the Coma Cluster was detected. Integral flux upper limits at the 99% confidence level were measured to be on the order of (2-5) x 10(-8) photonsm(-2) s(-1) (VERITAS, >220 GeV) and similar to 2 x 10(-6) photonsm(-2) s(-1) (Fermi, 1-3GeV), respectively. We use the gamma-ray upper limits to constrain cosmic rays (CRs) and magnetic fields in Coma. Using an analytical approach, the CR-to-thermal pressure ratio is constrained to be < 16% from VERITAS data and <1.7% from Fermi data (averaged within the virial radius). These upper limits are starting to constrain the CR physics in self-consistent cosmological cluster simulations and cap the maximum CR acceleration efficiency at structure formation shocks to be <50%. Alternatively, this may argue for non-negligible CR transport processes such as CR streaming and diffusion into the outer cluster regions. Assuming that the radio-emitting electrons of the Coma halo result from hadronic CR interactions, the observations imply a lower limit on the central magnetic field in Coma of similar to(2-5.5) mu G, depending on the radial magnetic field profile and on the gamma-ray spectral index. Since these values are below those inferred by Faraday rotation measurements in Coma (for most of the parameter space), this renders the hadronic model a very plausible explanation of the Coma radio halo. Finally, since galaxy clusters are dark matter (DM) dominated, the VERITAS upper limits have been used to place constraints on the thermally averaged product of the total self-annihilation cross section and the relative velocity of the DM particles, <sigma nu >.
Abeysekara, A. U. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Brose, Robert ; Buchovecky, M. ; Bugaev, V. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, Wei ; Errando, Manel ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Qi ; Finley, John P. ; Flinders, A. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, Amy ; Gillanders, Gerard H. ; Huetten, M. ; Hanna, David ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, Caitlin A. ; Kaaret, Philip ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, David ; Krause, Maria ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; Maier, Gernot ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, Reshmi ; Ong, R. A. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, Jeremy S. ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, Alexis ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, Gregory T. ; Roache, E. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, Karlen ; Tyler, J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weiner, O. M. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, David A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Vurm, Indrek ; Beloborodov, Andrei
On 2015 March 23, the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) responded to a Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) detection of a gamma-ray burst, with observations beginning 270 s after the onset of BAT emission, and only 135 s after the main BAT emission peak. No statistically significant signal is detected above 140 GeV. The VERITAS upper limit on the fluence in a 40-minute integration corresponds to about 1% of the prompt fluence. Our limit is particularly significant because the very-high-energy (VHE) observation started only similar to 2 minutes after the prompt emission peaked, and Fermi-Large Area Telescope observations of numerous other bursts have revealed that the high-energy emission is typically delayed relative to the prompt radiation and lasts significantly longer. Also, the proximity of GRB 150323A (z = 0.593) limits the attenuation by the extragalactic background light to similar to 50% at 100-200 GeV. We conclude that GRB 150323A had an intrinsically very weak high-energy afterglow, or that the GeV spectrum had a turnover below similar to 100 GeV. If the GRB exploded into the stellar wind of a massive progenitor, the VHE non-detection constrains the wind density parameter to be A greater than or similar to 3 x 10(11) g . cm(-1), consistent with a standard Wolf-Rayet progenitor. Alternatively, the VHE emission from the blast wave would be weak in a very tenuous medium such as the interstellar medium, which therefore cannot be ruled out as the environment of GRB 150323A.
Aliu, E. ; Archambault, S. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Boettcher, Markus ; Bouvier, A. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Duke, C. ; Dumm, J. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Finnegan, G. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nelson, T. ; de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain ; Ong, R. A. ; Orr, M. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Skole, C. ; Smith, A. W. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Theiling, M. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B.
We report on the VERITAS observations of the high-frequency peaked BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650 in the period 2007-2011. This source is detected at TeV energies by VERITAS at 16.4 standard deviation (sigma) significance in 7.6 hr of observation in a low flux state. A multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) is constructed from contemporaneous data from VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, RXTE PCA, and Swift UVOT. Swift XRT data is not included in the SED due to a lack of simultaneous observations with VERITAS. In contrast to the orphan gamma-ray flare exhibited by this source in 2002, the X-ray flux of the source is found to vary by an order of magnitude, while other energy regimes exhibit less variable emission. A quasi-equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model with an additional external radiation field is used to describe three SEDs corresponding to the lowest, highest, and average X-ray states. The variation in the X-ray spectrum is modeled by changing the electron injection spectral index, with minor adjustments of the kinetic luminosity in electrons. This scenario produces small-scale flux variability of the order of less than or similar to 2 in the high energy (E > 1MeV) and very high energy (E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray regimes, which is corroborated by the Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and Whipple 10 m telescope light curves.