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Peace orders of modern times
(2019)
Speech scientists have long noted that the qualities of naturally-produced vowels do not remain constant over their durations regardless of being nominally "monophthongs" or "diphthongs". Recent acoustic corpora show that there are consistent patterns of first (F1) and second (F2) formant frequency change across different vowel categories. The three Australian English (AusE) close front vowels /i:, 1, i/ provide a striking example: while their midpoint or mean F1 and F2 frequencies are virtually identical, their spectral change patterns distinctly differ. The results indicate that, despite the distinct patterns of spectral change of AusE /i:, i, la/ in production, its perceptual relevance is not uniform, but rather vowel-category dependent.
Evaluating the performance of self-adaptive systems (SAS) is challenging due to their complexity and interaction with the often highly dynamic environment. In the context of self-healing systems (SHS), employing simulators has been shown to be the most dominant means for performance evaluation. Simulating a SHS also requires realistic fault injection scenarios. We study the state of the practice for evaluating the performance of SHS by means of a systematic literature review. We present the current practice and point out that a more thorough and careful treatment in evaluating the performance of SHS is required.
User-generated content on social media platforms is a rich source of latent information about individual variables. Crawling and analyzing this content provides a new approach for enterprises to personalize services and put forward product recommendations. In the past few years, brands made a gradual appearance on social media platforms for advertisement, customers support and public relation purposes and by now it became a necessity throughout all branches. This online identity can be represented as a brand personality that reflects how a brand is perceived by its customers. We exploited recent research in text analysis and personality detection to build an automatic brand personality prediction model on top of the (Five-Factor Model) and (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) features extracted from publicly available benchmarks. The proposed model reported significant accuracy in predicting specific personality traits form brands. For evaluating our prediction results on actual brands, we crawled the Facebook API for 100k posts from the most valuable brands' pages in the USA and we visualize exemplars of comparison results and present suggestions for future directions.
Photonic sensing in highly concentrated biotechnical processes by photon density wave spectroscopy
(2017)
Photon Density Wave (PDW) spectroscopy is introduced as a new approach for photonic sensing in highly concentrated biotechnical processes. It independently quantifies the absorption and reduced scattering coefficient calibration-free and as a function of time, thus describing the optical properties in the vis/NIR range of the biomaterial during their processing. As examples of industrial relevance, enzymatic milk coagulation, beer mashing, and algae cultivation in photo bioreactors are discussed.
PlAnalyzer
(2018)
In this work we propose PIAnalyzer, a novel approach to analyze PendingIntent related vulnerabilities. We empirically evaluate PIAnalyzer on a set of 1000 randomly selected applications from the Google Play Store and find 1358 insecure usages of Pendinglntents, including 70 severe vulnerabilities. We manually inspected ten reported vulnerabilities out of which nine correctly reported vulnerabilities, indicating a high precision. The evaluation shows that PIAnalyzer is efficient with an average execution time of 13 seconds per application.
Planstadt Doberlug
(2020)
In self-incompatible plants the female style rejects self pollen, yet the extent to which the female style in the many self-compatible species can still select between different pollen genotypes and thus bias fertilization success is unclear. A new study identifies the molecular basis for how styles of the self-compatible coyote tobacco bias the fertilization success of pollen genotypes using matching gene expression patterns in a manner analogous to cryptic female choice in animals.
Playful Classics
(2021)
The fabrication of compartmented micellar systems is an exciting new area of research in the field of polymer self-assembly. Multicompartment micelles composed of a water-soluble shell and a segregated hydrophobic core can be obtained via direct aqueous self-assembly of preformed polymeric amphiphiles possessing one hydrophilic segment and two incompatible hydrophobic segments (e.g. hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon blocks). Such macromolecular building-blocks were prepared in the present work principally via reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization (RAFT). Polysoaps or triblock macrosurfactants can be synthesized in high yields by RAFT under relatively straightforward experimental conditions.
The problem of atmospheric emission from OH molecules is a long standing problem for near-infrared astronomy. PRAXIS is a unique spectrograph which is fed by fibres that remove the OH background and is optimised specifically to benefit from OH-Suppression. The OH suppression is achieved with fibre Bragg gratings, which were tested successfully on the GNOSIS instrument. PRAXIS uses the same fibre Bragg gratings as GNOSIS in its first implementation, and will exploit new, cheaper and more efficient, multicore fibre Bragg gratings in the second implementation. The OH lines are suppressed by a factor of similar to 1000, and the expected increase in the signal-to-noise in the interline regions compared to GNOSIS is a factor of similar to 9 with the GNOSIS gratings and a factor of similar to 17 with the new gratings. PRAXIS will enable the full exploitation of OH suppression for the first time, which was not achieved by GNOSIS (a retrofit to an existing instrument that was not OH-Suppression optimised) due to high thermal emission, low spectrograph transmission and detector noise. PRAXIS has extremely low thermal emission, through the cooling of all significantly emitting parts, including the fore-optics, the fibre Bragg gratings, a long length of fibre, and the fibre slit, and an optical design that minimises leaks of thermal emission from outside the spectrograph. PRAXIS has low detector noise through the use of a Hawaii-2RG detector, and a high throughput through a efficient VPH based spectrograph. PRAXIS will determine the absolute level of the interline continuum and enable observations of individual objects via an IFU. In this paper we give a status update and report on acceptance tests.
Bottom-up saliency is often cited as a factor driving the choice of fixation locations of human observers, based on the (partial) success of saliency models to predict fixation densities in free viewing. However, these observations are only weak evidence for a causal role of bottom-up saliency in natural viewing behaviour. To test bottom-up saliency more directly, we analyse the performance of a number of saliency models---including our own saliency model based on our recently published model of early visual processing (Schütt & Wichmann, 2017, JoV)---as well as the theoretical limits for predictions over time. On free viewing data our model performs better than classical bottom-up saliency models, but worse than the current deep learning based saliency models incorporating higher-level information like knowledge about objects. However, on search data all saliency models perform worse than the optimal image independent prediction. We observe that the fixation density in free viewing is not stationary over time, but changes over the course of a trial. It starts with a pronounced central fixation bias on the first chosen fixation, which is nonetheless influenced by image content. Starting with the 2nd to 3rd fixation, the fixation density is already well predicted by later densities, but more concentrated. From there the fixation distribution broadens until it reaches a stationary distribution around the 10th fixation. Taken together these observations argue against bottom-up saliency as a mechanistic explanation for eye movement control after the initial orienting reaction in the first one to two saccades, although we confirm the predictive value of early visual representations for fixation locations. The fixation distribution is, first, not well described by any stationary density, second, is predicted better when including object information and, third, is badly predicted by any saliency model in a search task.
Predicting macroscopic elastic rock properties requires detailed information on microstructure
(2017)
Predicting variations in macroscopic mechanical rock behaviour due to microstructural changes, driven by mineral precipitation and dissolution is necessary to couple chemo-mechanical processes in geological subsurface simulations. We apply 3D numerical homogenization models to estimate Young’s moduli for five synthetic microstructures, and successfully validate our results for comparable geometries with the analytical Mori-Tanaka approach. Further, we demonstrate that considering specific rock microstructures is of paramount importance, since calculated elastic properties may deviate by up to 230 % for the same mineral composition. Moreover, agreement between simulated and experimentally determined Young’s moduli is significantly improved, when detailed spatial information are employed.
Data limitations can lead to unrealistic fits of predictive species distribution models (SDMs) and spurious extrapolation to novel environments. Here, we want to draw attention to novel combinations of environmental predictors that are within the sampled range of individual predictors but are nevertheless outside the sample space. These tend to be overlooked when visualizing model behaviour. They may be a cause of differing model transferability and environmental change predictions between methods, a problem described in some studies but generally not well understood. We here use a simple simulated data example to illustrate the problem and provide new and complementary visualization techniques to explore model behaviour and predictions to novel environments. We then apply these in a more complex real-world example. Our results underscore the necessity of scrutinizing model fits, ecological theory and environmental novelty.
Preface
(2018)
Preface
(2019)
Preface
(2017)
Preface
(2018)
Preface to BPM 2014
(2016)
Declarative languages for knowledge representation and reasoning provide constructs to define preference relations over the set of possible interpretations, so that preferred models represent optimal solutions of the encoded problem. We introduce the notion of approximation for replacing preference relations with stronger preference relations, that is, relations comparing more pairs of interpretations. Our aim is to accelerate the computation of a non-empty subset of the optimal solutions by means of highly specialized algorithms. We implement our approach in Answer Set Programming (ASP), where problems involving quantitative and qualitative preference relations can be addressed by ASPRIN, implementing a generic optimization algorithm. Unlike this, chains of approximations allow us to reduce several preference relations to the preference relations associated with ASP’s native weak constraints and heuristic directives. In this way, ASPRIN can now take advantage of several highly optimized algorithms implemented by ASP solvers for computing optimal solutions
Prevention of Cognitive Decline: A Physical Exercise Perspective on Brain Health in the Long Run
(2016)
The collaboration during the modeling process is uncomfortable and characterized by various limitations. Faced with the successful transfer of first process modeling languages to the augmented world, non-transparent processes can be visualized in a more comprehensive way. With the aim to rise comfortability, speed, accuracy and manifoldness of real world process augmentations, a framework for the bidirectional interplay of the common process modeling world and the augmented world has been designed as morphologic box. Its demonstration proves the working of drawn AR integrations. Identified dimensions were derived from (1) a designed knowledge construction axiom, (2) a designed meta-model, (3) designed use cases and (4) designed directional interplay modes. Through a workshop-based survey, the so far best AR modeling configuration is identified, which can serve for benchmarks and implementations.
Oxidative posttranslationale Modifikationen endogener Proteine werden v. a. durch reaktive Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffspezies (engl:. Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS, reactive nitrogen species, RNS) hervorgerufen und können sowohl reversibel (z. B. Disulfidbindungen) als auch irreversibel (z. B. Proteincarbonyle) erfolgen [1–3]. Lange wurde angenommen, dass oxidative posttranslationale Proteinmodifikationen (oxPTPM) nur von untergeordneter Bedeutung für den Metabolismus sind. Tatsächlich handelt es sich jedoch um einen physiologischen Prozess, der über die Modulation der Proteinstruktur auch die Proteinfunktion (z. B. Enzymaktivität, Stabilität) und somit zahlreiche Stoffwechselwege wie den Energiestoffwechsel, die Immunfunktion, die vaskuläre Funktion sowie Apoptose und Genexpression beeinflussen kann. Die Bildung von oxPTPM ist dabei hochreguliert und hängt u. a. von der Proteinstruktur, der Verfügbarkeit von ROS und RNS sowie dem lokalen Mikromilieu der Zelle ab [2, 4].
Der Leserbrief fokussiert in weiten Teilen auf das Gutachterwesen, weshalb wir ausschließlich auf die inhaltlichen Punkte im Zusammenhang mit unserer Arbeit eingehen. Untersucht wurden schmerzpsychologische Interventionen, wie beschrieben definiert als psychologische Interventionen, deren primäres Ziel die Schmerzreduktion war.
Die extrahierten Zielgrößen, wie Lebensqualität oder Depressivität, ergaben sich aus den in den Primärstudien untersuchten Hauptoutcomes und nicht aus der Suchstrategie.
Zur Einschätzung der methodischen Qualität der Primärstudien konnte ein Kriterium des von Johannsen und Kollegen [2] gebildeten Scores nicht berücksichtigt werden, da die eingeschlossenen Primärstudien keine metaanalytische Zusammenfassung erlaubten. Stellt man dies in Rechnung, bleibt die Vergleichbarkeit beider Werte erhalten.
Die Evidenzsynthese erfolgte narrativ in Text- und Tabellenform, d. h. in Form einer strukturierten Zusammenfassung und Diskussion von Studien [1].
Um unsere Arbeit zu fokussieren, hätten wir eine weitergehende Gegenüberstellung wie auch eine Überprüfung von Zitaten und Übersetzungen selbstverständlich vorgenommen, wenn wir den Hinweis dazu vor Publikation erhalten hätten.
Public Private Partnerships as an Accelerator of Broadband Diffusion? Findings from Case Studies,
(2006)
The globally distributed sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) has a partly matrilineal social structure with predominant male dispersal. At the beginning of 2016, a total of 30 male sperm whales stranded in five different countries bordering the southern North Sea. It has been postulated that these individuals were on a migration route from the north to warmer temperate and tropical waters where females live in social groups. By including samples from four countries (n = 27), this event provided a unique chance to genetically investigate the maternal relatedness and the putative origin of these temporally and spatially co-occuring male sperm whales. To utilize existing genetic resources, we sequenced 422 bp of the mitochondrial control region, a molecular marker for which sperm whale data are readily available from the entire distribution range. Based on four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the mitochondrial control region, five matrilines could be distinguished within the stranded specimens, four of which matched published haplotypes previously described in the Atlantic. Among these male sperm whales, multiple matrilineal lineages co-occur. We analyzed the population differentiation and could show that the genetic diversity of these male sperm whales is comparable to the genetic diversity in sperm whales from the entire Atlantic Ocean. We confirm that within this stranding event, males do not comprise maternally related individuals and apparently include assemblages of individuals from different geographic regions. (c) 2017 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
The identification of vulnerabilities relies on detailed information about the target infrastructure. The gathering of the necessary information is a crucial step that requires an intensive scanning or mature expertise and knowledge about the system even though the information was already available in a different context. In this paper we propose a new method to detect vulnerabilities that reuses the existing information and eliminates the necessity of a comprehensive scan of the target system. Since our approach is able to identify vulnerabilities without the additional effort of a scan, we are able to increase the overall performance of the detection. Because of the reuse and the removal of the active testing procedures, our approach could be classified as a passive vulnerability detection. We will explain the approach and illustrate the additional possibility to increase the security awareness of users. Therefore, we applied the approach on an experimental setup and extracted security relevant information from web logs.
Harmonized data file as the basis for comparative analysis of quality of life in the Candidate Countries and the European Union member states, based on seven different data sets, one Eurobarometer survey covering 13 Candidate Countries with an identical set of variables conducted in April 2002, the other six Standard Eurobarometer of different subjects and fielded in different years, each with another set of questions identical with the CC Eurobarometer. Selected aggregate indicators of quality of life ... describing the social situation in the EU15 and Candidate Countries.
Ramadan ABC
(2022)
Der Ramadan ist der soziale und spirituelle Höhepunkt des religiösen Lebens der Muslim:innen. Motiviert und veranlasst durch den Ramadan soll jede:r Muslim:in diese Möglichkeit nutzen, um zuerst inneren Frieden zu schließen und dieses Wohlbefinden dann auf sein:ihr Umfeld zu übertragen.
In diesem Monat des Fastens kommen täglich Verwandte, Freund:innen und Nachbar:innen an Iftar-Abenden zum Essen zusammen. In diesem Sinne strebten wir als Forum Dialog e.V. an, diese besonderen Momente und Erlebnisse mit unseren Freund:innen und Mitmenschen zu teilen und somit an Iftar-Abenden unter dem Motto “Sharing Ramadan” zusammenzukommen.
Doch Aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie ist es leider nur bedingt möglich, an solchen gemeinschaft- und freundschaftsstiftenden Abenden zusammenzukommen.
Wir möchten jedoch weiterhin im Geiste des Ramadans und gemäß unserem Motto “Sharing Ramadan” handeln und freuen uns, euch die zweite Auflage unseres Sharing Ramadan-Heftes zu präsentieren. Mit seinen informativen, spirituellen und unter-haltenden Inhalten hoffen wir, dass wir Ihnen die spirituelle Seite des Ramadans und seine Bedeutung für die Glaubenswelt der Muslim:innen näherbringen können.
1. Bölüm: Türkiye’den İsrail’e Göç Etmiş Yahudiler
Pandemi, alışkanlıklarımızda, planlarımızda, hayata bakış açımızda geri dönülemez değişiklikler yaptı. Benim payıma düşen ise uzun zamandır üzerinde çalıştığım doktora tezimin olmazsa olmaz parçası olan İsrail’de yapmayı planladığım alan araştırmasının iki sene boyunca sürekli ertelenmesi oldu. Önce aşı sırası bekledim sonra birinci ve ikinci doz arasındaki on dört günü; bu sırada en çok girdiğim internet sitesi İsrail Dışişleri Bakanlığı’nın seyahat düzenlemelerini paylaştığı sayfası oldu. Kimi zaman detaylar arasında kayboldum, bürokrasinin çarkları arasında “bu madde acaba işime yarar mı?” diye beyhude akıllar yürüttüm. Tel Aviv Üniversitesi’nden alan araştırmamın merakla desteklendiğini içeren davet mektupları aldım ama pandemi merakla desteklenen çalışmaya iki kez baskın çıktı ve vize başvurum iki kez reddedildi. Sonuç olarak 2020’nin ikinci yarısında yapmam gereken alan araştırmasını 2022 yılının Şubat ayına kadar ertelenmek zorunda kaldım.
2. Bölüm: Türkiye Nostaljisinin ve Sefarad Hafızasının Şehri: Batyam
“Denizin Kızı” anlamına gelen Batyam, Türkiyeli Yahudilerle ilgili yapılmış birçok çalışmada defalarca rastladığım, Tel Aviv’in güneyinde bulunan bir sahil şehri. Türkiyeli Yahudilerin 1948-1951, 1956-1957, 1961-1965 ve 1969-1972 yılları arasında gerçekleşen kitlesel göç dönemlerinden itibaren yerleşmeye başladıkları, günümüzde Rusya’dan gelen Yahudilerin de izlerinin çok net izlenebildiği bir şehir aynı zamanda[1]. Türkiye ile İsrail’i birbirine bağlayan Batyam’ın belki de en önemli özelliklerinden birisi tarihi, 1937 yılında Türkiyeli Yahudiler tarafından kurulan Irgun Ole Türkiya adlı derneğe dayanan İsrail’deki Türkiyeliler Birliği’nin (Itahdut Yotsey Turkia BeIsrael) bulunduğu şehir olması.
A fundamental task in 3D geovisualization and GIS applications is the visualization of vector data that can represent features such as transportation networks or land use coverage. Mapping or draping vector data represented by geometric primitives (e.g., polylines or polygons) to 3D digital elevation or 3D digital terrain models is a challenging task. We present an interactive GPU-based approach that performs geometry-based draping of vector data on per-frame basis using an image-based representation of a 3D digital elevation or terrain model only.
Rechts nur noch die Wand?
(2023)
Various techniques are utilized by the seismological community, extractive industries, energy and geoengineering companies to identify earthquake nucleation processes in close proximity to engineering operation points. These operations may comprise fluid extraction or injections, artificial water reservoir impoundments, open pit and deep mining, deep geothermal power generations or carbon sequestration. In this letter to the editor, we outline several lines of investigation that we suggest to follow to address the discrimination problem between natural seismicity and seismic events induced or triggered by geoengineering activities. These suggestions have been developed by a group of experts during several meetings and workshops, and we feel that their publication as a summary report is helpful for the geoscientific community. Specific investigation procedures and discrimination approaches, on which our recommendations are based, are also published in this Special Issue (SI) of Journal of Seismology.
This paper focuses on the characterization and use of polymer-modified phosphatidylcholine (PC)/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-based inverse microemulsions as a template phase for BaSO4 nanoparticle formation. The area of the optically clear inverse microemulsion phase in the isooctane/hexanol/water/PC/SDS system is not significantly changed by adding polyelectrolytes, i.e., poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), or amphoteric copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and maleamid acid to the SDS-modified inverse microemulsion. Shear experiments show non- Newtonian flow behavior and oscillation experiments show a frequency-dependent viscosity increase (dilatant behavior) of the microemulsions. Small amounts of bulk water were identified by means of differential scanning calorimetry. One can conclude that the macromolecules are incorporated into the individual droplets, and polymer-filled microemulsions are formed. The polymer-filled microemulsions were used as a template phase for the synthesis of BaSO4 nanoparticles. After solvent evaporation the nanoparticles were redispersed in water and isooctane, respectively. The polymers incorporated into the microemulsion are involved in the redispersion process and influence the size and shape of the redispersed BaSO4 particles in a specific way. The crystallization process mainly depends on the type of solvent and the polymer component added. In the presence of the cationic polyelectrolyte PDADMAC the crystallization to larger cubic crystals is inhibited, and layers consisting of polymer-stabilized spherical nanoparticles of BaSO4 (6 nm in size) will be observed. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Regeln erwünscht!
(2023)
Reinhard Hujer
(2020)
This paper proposes an education approach for master and bachelor students to enhance their skills in the area of reliability, safety and security of the electronic components in automated driving. The approach is based on the active synergetic work of research institutes, academia and industry in the frame of joint lab. As an example, the jointly organized summer school with the respective focus is organized and elaborated.
When I started my PhD, I wanted to do something related to systems but I wasn't sure exactly what. I didn't consider data management systems initially, because I was unaware of the richness of the systems work that data management systems were build on. I thought the field was mainly about SQL. Luckily, that view changed quickly.
Background: Evidence that home telemonitoring (HTM) for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) offers clinical benefit over usual care is controversial as is evidence of a health economic advantage. Therefore the CardioBBEAT trial was designed to prospectively assess the health economic impact of a dedicated home monitoring system for patients with CHF based on actual costs directly obtained from patients’ health care providers.
Methods: Between January 2010 and June 2013, 621 patients (mean age 63,0 ± 11,5 years, 88 % male) with a confirmed diagnosis of CHF (LVEF ≤ 40 %) were enrolled and randomly assigned to two study groups comprising usual care with and without an interactive bi-directional HTM (Motiva®). The primary endpoint was the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) established by the groups’ difference in total cost and in the combined clinical endpoint “days alive and not in hospital nor inpatient care per potential days in study” within the follow up of 12 months. Secondary outcome measures were total mortality and health related quality of life (SF-36, WHO-5 and KCCQ).
Results: In the intention-to-treat analysis, total mortality (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.45 – 1.45) and days alive and not in hospital (343.3 ± 55.4 vs. 347.2 ± 43.9; p = 0.909) were not significantly different between HTM and usual care. While the resulting primary endpoint ICER was not positive (-181.9; 95% CI −1626.2 ± 1628.9), quality of life assessed by SF-36, WHO-5 and KCCQ as a secondary endpoint was significantly higher in the HTW group at 6 and 12 months of follow-up.
Conclusions: The first simultaneous assessment of clinical and economic outcome of HTM in patients with CHF did not demonstrate superior incremental cost effectiveness compared to usual care. On the other hand, quality of life was improved. It remains open whether the tested HTM solution represents a useful innovative approach in the recent health care setting.
New data from the LEADER trial show that the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide protects against diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The renoprotective efficacy of liraglutide is not, however, as great as that reported for the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor emplagiflozin in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial.
In their comment on our paper (Caesar et al 2020 Environ. Res. Lett. 15 024003), Chen and Tung (hereafter C&T) argue that our analysis, showing that over the last decades Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength and global mean surface temperature (GMST) were positively correlated, is incorrect. Their claim is mainly based on two arguments, neither of which is justified: first, C&T claim that our analysis is based on 'established evidence' that was only true for preindustrial conditions-this is not the case. Using data from the modern period (1947-2012), we show that the established understanding (i.e. deep-water formation in the North Atlantic cools the deep ocean and warms the surface) is correct, but our analysis is not based on this fact. Secondly, C&T claim that our results are based on a statistical analysis of only one cycle of data which was furthermore incorrectly detrended. This, too, is not true. Our conclusion that a weaker AMOC delays the current surface warming rather than enhances it, is based on several independent lines of evidence. The data we show to support this covers more than one cycle and the detrending (which was performed to avoid spurious correlations due to a common trend) does not affect our conclusion: the correlation between AMOC strength and GMST is positive. We do not claim that this is strong evidence that the two time series are in phase, but rather that this means that the two time series are not anti-correlated.
In the comment on "Varves of the Dead Sea sedimentary record." Quaternary Science Reviews 215 (Ben Dor et al., 2019): 173-184. by R. Bookman, two recently published papers are suggested to prove that the interpretation of the laminated sedimentary sequence of the Dead Sea, deposited mostly during MIS2 and Holocene pluvials, as annual deposits (i.e., varves) is wrong. In the following response, we delineate several lines of evidence which coalesce to demonstrate that based on the vast majority of evidence, including some of the evidence provided in the comment itself, the interpretation of these sediments as varves is the more likely scientific conclusion. We further discuss the evidence brought up in the comment and its irrelevance and lack of robustness for addressing the question under discussion.
Recently a multitude of empirically derived damage models have been applied to project future tropical cyclone (TC) losses for the United States. In their study (Geiger et al 2016 Environ. Res. Lett. 11 084012) compared two approaches that differ in the scaling of losses with socio-economic drivers: the commonly-used approach resulting in a sub-linear scaling of historical TC losses with a nation's affected gross domestic product (GDP), and the disentangled approach that shows a sub-linear increase with affected population and a super-linear scaling of relative losses with per capita income. Statistics cannot determine which approach is preferable but since process understanding demands that there is a dependence of the loss on both GDP per capita and population, an approach that accounts for both separately is preferable to one which assumes a specific relation between the two dependencies. In the accompanying comment, Rybski et al argued that there is no rigorous evidence to reach the conclusion that high-income does not protect against hurricane losses. Here we affirm that our conclusion is drawn correctly and reply to further remarks raised in the comment, highlighting the adequateness of our approach but also the potential for future extension of our research.
Reply to Peng et al.: Archaeological contexts should not be ignored for early chicken domestication
(2015)
Gilbert et al. conclude that evidence from the Open Science Collaboration’s Reproducibility Project: Psychology indicates high reproducibility, given the study methodology. Their very optimistic assessment is limited by statistical misconceptions and by causal inferences from selectively interpreted, correlational data. Using the Reproducibility Project: Psychology data, both optimistic and pessimistic conclusions about reproducibility are possible, and neither are yet warranted.
Root infinitives on Twitter
(2017)