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In this contribution we present innovative methods for broadband and resonance-free sensing and emitting of ultrasound. The sensing method uses a polyethylene foil and a laser vibrometer as a broadband and resonance-free sound receiver. In general, this method enables absolute measurement of sound particle velocity and sound pressure in arbitrary, laser beam transparent liquids and gases with known density and sound velocity. The resonance-free emitting method is based on the electro-thermo-acoustic principle and enables, contrary to conventional ultrasound transducers, generation of arbitrary shaped acoustic signals without resonances and post-oscillations.
Background: So far, for center comparisons in inpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR), the objective outcome quality was neglected because of challenges in quantifying the overall success of CR. In this article, a multifactorial benchmark model measuring the individual rehabilitation success is presented.
Methods: In 21 rehabilitation centers, 5 123 patients were consecutively enrolled between 01/2010 and 12/2012 in the prospective multicenter registry EVA-Reha (R) Cardiology. Changes in 13 indicators in the areas cardiovascular risk factors, physical performance and subjective health during rehabilitation were evaluated according to levels of severity. Changes were only rated for patients who needed a medical intervention. Additionally, the changes had to be clinically relevant. Therefore Minimal Important Differences (MID) were predefined. Ratings were combined to a single score, the multiple outcome criterion (MEK).
Results: The MEK was determined for all patients (71.7 +/- 7.4 years, 76.9 % men) and consisted of an average of 5.6 indicators. After risk adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical baseline parameters, MEK was used for center ranking. In addition, individual results of indicators were compared with means of all study sites.
Conclusion: With the method presented here, the outcome quality can be quantified and outcome-based comparisons of providers can be made.
In long-term mechanically ventilated patients, dysphagia is a common and potentially life-threatening complication, which can lead to aspiration and pneumonia. Nevertheless, many intensive care unit (ICU) patients are fed by mouth without evaluation of their deglutition capability.
The goal of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of aspiration due to swallowing disorders in long-term ventilated patients who were fed orally in the ICU while having a blocked tracheotomy tube.
In all, 43 patients participated-each underwent a fiberoptic investigation of deglutition on the day of admission to the rehabilitation clinic.
A total of 65 % of the patients aspirated, 71 % of these silently. There were no associations between aspiration and any of the following: gender, indication for mechanical ventilation (underlying disease) or the duration of intubation and ventilation by tracheotomy tube. However, the association between aspiration and age was statistically significant (p = 0.041). Aspirating patients were older (arithmetic mean = 70 years, median = 74 years) than patients who did not aspirate (arithmetic mean = 66 years, median = 67 years).
Intubation and add-on tracheotomies can lead to potentially life-threatening swallowing disorders that cause aspiration, independent of the underlying disease. Before feeding long-term mechanically ventilated patients by mouth, their ability to swallow needs to be investigated using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) or a saliva dye test, if a cuff deflation and the use of a speaking valve are possible during spontaneous respiration.
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht an einer Stichprobe integrativ tätiger Grundschullehrkräfte (N = 618) den Zusammenhang zwischen der individuellen und kollektiven Selbstwirksamkeit sowie den beruflichen Erfahrungen einerseits und der Einstellung zur Integration andererseits. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigen, dass sich die Lehrerkollegien (N = 67) hinsichtlich der Einstellung zur Integration, der individuellen und kollektiven Selbstwirksamkeit sowie der beruflichen Erfahrung im Unterrichten von Kindern mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf unterscheiden. Entsprechend unserer Annahmen zeigt sich in einer Mehrebenenanalyse eine bedeutsame Aufklärung der Varianz der Einstellung zur Integration durch die individuelle und kollektive Selbstwirksamkeit sowie die berufliche Erfahrung.
Die Debatte geht weiter: Gab es 1930/31 ernst zu nehmende Kreditangebote der französischen Regierung an das Deutsche Reich? Versäumte es die Reichsregierung unter Kanzler Heinrich Brüning aus politisch- revisionistischem Kalkül heraus bewusst, diese Angebote auszuloten? War die eiserne Sparpolitik der ersten beiden Präsidialkabinette also nicht die alternativlose Konsequenz ökonomischer Zwänge, sondern die logische Folge davon unabhängiger außen- und gesellschaftspolitischer Prämissen? Paul Köppen, der diese Debatte im Juli 2014 in den Vierteljahrsheften für Zeitgeschichte eröffnet hat, antwortet seinen Kritikern, präzisiert seine Argumentation und stellt seine Thesen in den weiteren Kontext der aktuellen Diskussion um die Chancen und Belastungen der Zeit zwischen den Weltkriegen.
Einleitung zu Georg Lukács
(2015)
Two short typescripts by G. Lukacs from the archive, dating from 1941/42, shed light on his appraisal of the cultural ‘inner reserves’ of Germany and the ‘moral reserves’ of the democracies involved in the Second World War, as well as on Lukacs’s political philosophy at that time. The conception of an intrinsic interrelation of a humanist philosophical anthropology and rationalist epistemology elucidates his egalitarian and democratic account. Both texts are located within the intellectual development of the author in an introduction by the editor, which sketches the historical background and indicates relevant contemporaneous theoretical and political debates, such as the controversies over realism and humanism and also a dispute with K. Jaspers on German collective guilt.
Although claiming the authority of an eye-witness account, frater Simon’s letter is almost certainly a ficticious description of the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. This presumed lack of authenticity has obviously prompted modern scholarship for a long time to be oblivious to this contemporary and exclusive source on the events, preferring well-known and reliable sources such as Leonard of Chios and Isidore of Kiev. However, since frater Simon’s letter has survived in two different versions and ten manuscripts from the 15th century, it is clearly more than a marginal note. Rather is it a remarkable contribution to the literary treatment of the Turkish threat and timeless moral instruction.With his portrayal of the pagan Mehmed II as a just ruler, the recurring moral instructions and the lack of a call to arms. Simon’s text stands out against themyriad of more or less contemporary depictions. In preparation for a critical edition the paper gives an analysis of the text and an overview of the extant manuscripts.
Natürliche Evolution hat geschaffenBiopolymereauf der Basis von Aminosäuren undNukleotidezeigt hohe chemische Selektivität und katalytische Kraft. Die molekulare Erkennung durch Antikörper und die katalytische Umwandlung der Substratmoleküle durch Enzyme findet in sogenannten Paratopen oder katalytischen Zentren des Makromoleküls statt, die typischerweise 10-15 Aminosäuren umfassen. Die konzertierte Wechselwirkung zwischen den Reaktionspartnern führt zu Affinitäten bis zu nanomolaren Konzentrationen für die Antigenbindung und nähert sich einer Million Umsätze pro Sekunde anEnzym-katalysierte Reaktionen.
In 2015 the second conference „Cloud Storage Deployment in Academics“ took place. Interest regarding this issue was again high and topics established in 2014 like data security and scalability were complemented by new ones like federations or technical integration in existing infrastructures. This is caused by the advances in the establishment of cloud-based storage systems. This publication contains the contributions of the conference „Cloud Storage Deployment in Academics 2015“, which took place in may 2015 at TU Berlin.