Refine
Year of publication
- 2021 (134) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (134) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (134)
Keywords
- Arabidopsis thaliana (5)
- evolution (4)
- conservation (3)
- dispersal (3)
- machine learning (3)
- mechanobiology (3)
- population dynamics (3)
- rodents (3)
- starch metabolism (3)
- Bombina bombina (2)
- Dictyostelium (2)
- Genomics (2)
- HIREC (2)
- LCSM (2)
- Lepus europaeus (2)
- Microcystis (2)
- Network clustering (2)
- SEIRA spectroelectrochemistry (2)
- SEPE (2)
- agricultural landscapes (2)
- anthropogenic environment (2)
- arable weeds (2)
- centrosome (2)
- cereal leaf beetle (2)
- connectivity (2)
- endozoochory (2)
- functional diversity (2)
- fungal pathogens (2)
- herbivory (2)
- interactions (2)
- iron-sulfur clusters (2)
- lake monitoring (2)
- metabolism (2)
- microplastics (2)
- microtubule-organization (2)
- mobile links (2)
- natural products (2)
- nutrient (2)
- protein-protein (2)
- range dynamics (2)
- resource competition (2)
- sedaDNA (2)
- sedimentary ancient DNA (2)
- seed dispersal (2)
- seed dispersal syndrome (2)
- starch granule initiation (2)
- starch granules (2)
- starch morphology (2)
- structural equation model (2)
- stunting (2)
- urbanization (2)
- wheat (2)
- (SEPE) factors (1)
- A-type carrier protein (1)
- ANPP (1)
- ATI1 (1)
- Agricultural landscapes (1)
- Amino acids (1)
- Amphibians (1)
- Analytical limitations (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Antibiotic resistance (1)
- Aphanizomenon (1)
- Aphis fabae (1)
- Apodemus agrarius (1)
- Asteraceae (1)
- B cell activation (1)
- Bacillariophyceae (1)
- Bacteria identification (1)
- Baetis (1)
- Beliefs and motivation (1)
- Bioconversion (1)
- Biology teachers (1)
- Biomimetic sensors (1)
- Body composition (1)
- Brachionus calyciflorus (1)
- Brachionus fernandoi (1)
- Buchnera (1)
- Burkina Faso (1)
- CNS (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CPI1 (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Catecholamines (1)
- Cattle (1)
- Cep192 (1)
- Chew Bahir (1)
- Chlamydomonas (1)
- Chronodisruption (1)
- Classroom practices (1)
- Cloeon (1)
- Cographs (1)
- Coherent partition (1)
- Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Cost of resistance (1)
- Curculionidae (1)
- Cyanobium (1)
- Cytochrome b (1)
- DNA metabarcoding (1)
- Damage assessment (1)
- Danio rerio (zebrafish) (1)
- Decomposition (1)
- Dendroclimatology (1)
- Diagnostic (1)
- Dichrostachys cinerea (1)
- Dispersal (1)
- Disturbance (1)
- Disturbance impacts (1)
- Docosahexaenoic acid (1)
- Domestic animals (1)
- Ecological changes (1)
- Ecological niche modeling (1)
- Etmopterus joungi (1)
- Etmopterus pusillus (1)
- FNR (1)
- Fatty acid conversion (1)
- Feeding behavior (1)
- Fis (1)
- Flexible sampling strategy (1)
- Floral induction (1)
- Flowering time (1)
- Forage values (1)
- Forest dependency (1)
- Fragmentation (1)
- Fresh water fish (1)
- FtsH6 (1)
- FtsZ (1)
- FtsZ ring formation (1)
- Functional scaffolds (1)
- Genome-wide (1)
- Genomic selection (1)
- Graph (1)
- Graph partitions (1)
- Growth rings (1)
- HSP21 (1)
- Habitat loss (1)
- Habrophlebiodes (1)
- Hamiltonella (1)
- Haplogroups (1)
- Herb diversity (1)
- Hippo signaling (1)
- Holocene (1)
- Host-symbiont interaction (1)
- Hybridoma technology (1)
- ICDP (1)
- In vitro immunization (1)
- Individual-based models (1)
- Infection (1)
- Ion mobility (1)
- Island biogeography (1)
- Kettle holes (1)
- Kucukcekmece Lagoon (1)
- LMA (1)
- Lake Bolshoe Toko (1)
- Landscape (1)
- Late Holocene (1)
- Life-history traits (1)
- Livestock (1)
- Long-distance seed dispersal (1)
- MIP (1)
- MTOC (1)
- Matrix vegetation (1)
- MbtH (1)
- Mcy gene (1)
- Melainabacteria (1)
- Metabolic models (1)
- Metabolic syndrome (1)
- Metabolites (1)
- Metacommunity dynamics (1)
- Metapopulation dynamics (1)
- Method (1)
- Methylheptadecanes (1)
- Microcystin (1)
- Microsite degradation (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- MoaA (1)
- Moco biosynthesis (1)
- Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymer (1)
- Monoclonal antibody (1)
- Morphology (1)
- NGS (1)
- Namibia (1)
- Nanohyla gen. nov (1)
- Neolithic period (1)
- Neonatal chick (1)
- Neuropeptide Y (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Oil Palm (1)
- Organization model (1)
- PISA (1)
- Pastoralism (1)
- Patch isolation (1)
- Phalacridae (1)
- Phylogenetics (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Planktothrix (1)
- Plastibodies (1)
- Pollinator (1)
- Prime graphs (1)
- Protein complexes (1)
- Protein-bound microcystin (1)
- Protein-protein interaction (1)
- Proteins (1)
- RAFT dispersion polymerization (1)
- RNA-Seq (1)
- Reproductive phase (1)
- RpoS (1)
- RubisCO (1)
- SPD-2 (1)
- Seasonal variation (1)
- Seca (1)
- Secondary school (1)
- Seed dispersal by wind (1)
- Sericytochromatia (1)
- Shift work (1)
- Silene vulgaris (1)
- Simple Sequence Repeat (1)
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms (1)
- Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (1)
- Sleep quality (1)
- Snowella (1)
- Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors (1)
- Species comparison (1)
- Species delimitation (1)
- Stability (1)
- Starch (1)
- Starch metabolism (1)
- Starch structure (1)
- Symbiosis (1)
- Synchronization (1)
- TMAO-reductase (1)
- TOR signaling (1)
- TTR (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Tree allometry (1)
- Tree growth classes (1)
- Trophic upgrading (1)
- Turing instability (1)
- TusA (1)
- Varves (1)
- Vegetative phase (1)
- Viruses (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- Weevil (1)
- Whole-genome sequencing (1)
- Woody (1)
- Yap1/Wwtr1 (Taz) (1)
- a domain (1)
- aboveground biomass (1)
- acclimation (1)
- acid invertase (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adaptive introgression (1)
- admixture (1)
- agrin (1)
- alpha-glucan (1)
- alternative splicing (1)
- ambient temperature (1)
- amino acid (1)
- amplicon sequencing (1)
- anatomy (1)
- ancestral state reconstruction (1)
- angiogenesis (1)
- animal cognition (1)
- animal personality (1)
- animal pests (1)
- antibody producing cell selection (1)
- archival DNA (1)
- assembly (1)
- association studies (1)
- auxin (1)
- auxin biosynthesis (1)
- bats (1)
- behavior classification (1)
- behaviour (1)
- binding (1)
- biomass-trait feedback (1)
- biophysics (1)
- biosensor (1)
- birth weight (1)
- body height (1)
- body mass index (1)
- breath analysis (1)
- carbon cycling (1)
- carbon limitation (1)
- carbon sequestration (1)
- cardiac development (1)
- cardiomyocyte (1)
- cardiovascular system (1)
- catch-up growth (1)
- cell (1)
- cell culture (1)
- cellulose polymeric organic matter (1)
- chemodiversity (1)
- chloroplast isolation (1)
- ciliate predators (1)
- classical swine fever (1)
- climate adaptation (1)
- cold (1)
- cold stress (1)
- collagen (1)
- common vole (1)
- comparison (1)
- composition (1)
- conformational change (1)
- construction (1)
- crop losses (1)
- crowdsourcing (1)
- cyanobacteria sedimentation (1)
- cyanobacterial bloom (1)
- cyclic voltammetry (1)
- cycloeucalenol (1)
- ddRAD (1)
- deep-sea sharks (1)
- developmental canalization (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diel cycle (1)
- diffusion (1)
- digital (1)
- dipeptide (1)
- disease diagnosis (1)
- diversity (1)
- division (1)
- dynamic landscapes (1)
- early experience (1)
- ecological succession (1)
- economy (1)
- ecophysiology (1)
- egg ratio (1)
- electrosynthesis (1)
- elephants (1)
- emotional stress (1)
- endocardium (1)
- endophytes (1)
- environmental change (1)
- environmental gradient (1)
- environmental reconstruction (1)
- enzymatic activities (1)
- epitope imprinting (1)
- epitope prediction (1)
- eutrophication (1)
- exploitation (1)
- exposure time (1)
- extracellular enzymes (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extracellular signaling (1)
- falling groundwater level (1)
- fatty acid composition (1)
- fear (1)
- female preference (1)
- field vole (1)
- fitness gradient (1)
- fitness response (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- fluorescence fluctuation microscopy (1)
- fluorescence microscopy (1)
- fluorescent image analysis (1)
- food chain (1)
- food-web efficiency (1)
- fractionation factors (1)
- frame index (1)
- full-length transcriptome (1)
- functional (1)
- functional morphology (1)
- fungi (1)
- galactose-decorated monomer (1)
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1)
- genetic (1)
- genetic accommodation (1)
- genetic rescue (1)
- giraffe (1)
- giraffe conservation (1)
- glacial / interglacial transition (1)
- global change (1)
- glucan phosphorylase (1)
- glucose metabolism (1)
- glycated peptide (1)
- glyco-inside nano-assemblies (1)
- granule number per chloroplast (1)
- grasslands ecosystem (1)
- guard cell (1)
- handgrip strength (1)
- hantavirus (1)
- heart regeneration (1)
- heat (1)
- heat shock protein (1)
- heat stress (1)
- homogenisation (1)
- homology (1)
- host– pathogen dynamics (1)
- human induced pluripotent stem cell (1)
- human sulfite oxidase (1)
- hybridization capture (1)
- hybridoma (1)
- image processing (1)
- immobilized enzyme (1)
- immune cell population (1)
- incubation (1)
- individual differences (1)
- individual‐ based model (1)
- indolactams (1)
- infection (1)
- influenza-A (1)
- innovation (1)
- insect behavior (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- integrative taxonomy (1)
- interaction (1)
- intra-organ-communication (1)
- intraspecific trait variation (1)
- introgression (1)
- in situ scanning (1)
- ion mobility spectrometry (1)
- kelp (1)
- lake stratification (1)
- last glacial (1)
- lifetime (1)
- light intensity (1)
- light variability (1)
- limits (1)
- lipid-ratio (1)
- litter decomposition (1)
- liver (1)
- lung organoid (1)
- major histocompatibility complex (1)
- male philopatry (1)
- malnutrition (1)
- many-to-one genotype–phenotype map (1)
- mark-release-recapture (1)
- mayfly (1)
- mesophyll cell (1)
- metabarcoding (1)
- metacommunity (1)
- micro-computed tomography (1)
- microalgal resource (1)
- microbial ecology (1)
- microcystin (1)
- microtubule-organizing center (1)
- migrants (1)
- mitochondrial phylogeny (1)
- mitogenomes (1)
- mitosis (1)
- molecular evolution (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molybdenum cofactor (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monoclonal antibody (1)
- morphology (1)
- mouse (1)
- movement ecology (1)
- movement patterns (1)
- multienzyme electrode (1)
- museum specimens (1)
- myocardium (1)
- narrow-mouthed frogs (1)
- neophilia (1)
- neophobia (1)
- niche width (1)
- nitrate reductase (1)
- no threshold for stunting (1)
- noise color (1)
- non-specific (1)
- nonribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- northwestern Pacific (1)
- novelty (1)
- number and brightness (1)
- nutrient cycling (1)
- nutrient leaching (1)
- nutrient spike (1)
- obesity (1)
- odor (1)
- olfaction (1)
- olfactory (1)
- oligomerization (1)
- ontogeny (1)
- opportunistic behaviour (1)
- optical microscopy (1)
- osteology (1)
- oxygen scavenger (1)
- paleoclimate (1)
- paleoenvironments (1)
- partial protandry (1)
- past biosphere (1)
- pathogens (1)
- peptide imprinting (1)
- peptides (1)
- phenotypic plasticity (1)
- phosphoglucan water dikinase (1)
- photoresponse (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- physiology (1)
- phytodiversity (1)
- picocyanobacteria diversity (1)
- plant functional trait (1)
- plant pathology (1)
- plants (1)
- plastid (1)
- pollen (1)
- polyamide (1)
- polystyrene (1)
- population cycles (1)
- population demography (1)
- population growth rate (1)
- predator (1)
- predator trait variation (1)
- predator-prey systems (1)
- priming (1)
- problem solving (1)
- production (1)
- protein (1)
- protein-metabolite (1)
- psychrotolerant (1)
- pulse perturbation (1)
- random forest (1)
- random forests (1)
- reaction norms (1)
- recombination (1)
- redox gating (1)
- regime shift (1)
- regulation of growth (1)
- retinoid-binding protein (1)
- richness (1)
- robustness (1)
- rodent (1)
- rotifers (1)
- scRNA-seq (1)
- scale-dependency (1)
- scaled mass index (1)
- secular trend (1)
- sediment core (1)
- sediment traps (1)
- selective autophagy (1)
- self-assembled molecular monolayers (1)
- self-organisation (1)
- sexual dimorphism (1)
- silica beads (1)
- silviculture (1)
- single-crystal gold electrodes (1)
- sitosterol (1)
- skull (1)
- snake evolution (1)
- social-economic-political-emotional (1)
- soil (1)
- soil aggregation (1)
- soil organic carbon (1)
- soil pH (1)
- soil respiration (1)
- source-sink dynamics (1)
- spatio-temporal pattern (1)
- species abundance (1)
- spectrometry (IMS) (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- standard metabolic rate (1)
- standing long jump (1)
- starch (1)
- starch granule (1)
- starch granule morphology (1)
- starch granule number per chloroplast (1)
- starch granule size (1)
- static and dynamic light scattering (1)
- sterol (1)
- stochastic fluctuations (1)
- stress (1)
- stress memory (1)
- stress recovery (1)
- structural diversity (1)
- supply (1)
- tRNA thio modifications (1)
- taxonomic revision (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- teleocidin (1)
- teleost (1)
- temporal variability (1)
- terpenoids (1)
- tissue stiffness (1)
- tissue types (1)
- titin (1)
- tools (1)
- top (1)
- trait diversity (1)
- trait-based aggregate model (1)
- trait-environment relationship (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- triaxial acceleration (1)
- trimethylamine N-oxide (1)
- tritrophic food web (1)
- trnL (1)
- tunnelling spectroscopy (1)
- vegetation change (1)
- viologen (1)
- virus (1)
- virus assembly (1)
- water dikinase (1)
- water vole (1)
- weight-to-height ratio (1)
- woody biomass (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- δ13C (1)
- δ15N (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (134) (remove)
Cellulose and chitin are the most abundant polymeric, organic carbon source globally. Thus, microbes degrading these polymers significantly influence global carbon cycling and greenhouse gas production. Fungi are recognized as important for cellulose decomposition in terrestrial environments, but are far less studied in marine environments, where bacterial organic matter degradation pathways tend to receive more attention. In this study, we investigated the potential of fungi to degrade kelp detritus, which is a major source of cellulose in marine systems. Given that kelp detritus can be transported considerable distances in the marine environment, we were specifically interested in the capability of endophytic fungi, which are transported with detritus, to ultimately contribute to kelp detritus degradation. We isolated 10 species and two strains of endophytic fungi from the kelp Ecklonia radiata. We then used a dye decolorization assay to assess their ability to degrade organic polymers (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) under both oxic and anoxic conditions and compared their degradation ability with common terrestrial fungi. Under oxic conditions, there was evidence that Ascomycota isolates produced cellulose-degrading extracellular enzymes (associated with manganese peroxidase and sulfur-containing lignin peroxidase), while Mucoromycota isolates appeared to produce both lignin and cellulose-degrading extracellular enzymes, and all Basidiomycota isolates produced lignin-degrading enzymes (associated with laccase and lignin peroxidase). Under anoxic conditions, only three kelp endophytes degraded cellulose. We concluded that kelp fungal endophytes can contribute to cellulose degradation in both oxic and anoxic environments. Thus, endophytic kelp fungi may play a significant role in marine carbon cycling via polymeric organic matter degradation.
Woody plants provide natural archives of climatic variation which can be investigated by applying dendroclimatological methods. Such studies are limited in Southern Africa but have great potential of improving our understanding of past climates and plant functional adaptations in the region. This study therefore investigated the responsiveness of Dichrostachys cinerea to seasonal variations in temperature and rainfall at two sites in central Namibia, Waterberg and Kuzikus. Dichrostachys cinerea is one of the encroacher species thriving well in Namibia. A moving correlation and response function analysis were used to test its responsiveness to seasonal climatic variations over time. Dichrostachys cinerea growth rings showed relationships to late summer warming, lasting up to half of the rainy season. The results also revealed that past temperatures had been fluctuating and their influence on growth rings had been intensifying over the years, but to varying extents between the two sites. Temperature was a more important determinant of ring growth at the drier site (Kuzikus), while rainfall was more important at the wetter site (Waterberg). Growth ring responsiveness to rainfall was not immediate but showed a rather lagged pattern. We conclude that D. cinerea differentially responds to variations in rainfall and temperature across short climatic gradients. This study showed that the species, due to its somewhat wide ecological amplitude, has great potential for dendroclimatological studies in tropical regions.
Moderate and temporary heat stresses prime plants to tolerate, and survive, a subsequent severe heat stress. Such acquired thermotolerance can be maintained for several days under normal growth conditions, and can create a heat stress memory. We recently demonstrated that plastid-localized small heat shock protein 21 ( HSP21) is a key component of heat stress memory in Arabidopsis thaliana. A sustained high abundance of HSP21 during the heat stress recovery phase extends heat stress memory. The level of HSP21 is negatively controlled by plastid-localized metalloprotease FtsH6 during heat stress recovery. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy, a cellular recycling mechanism, exerts additional control over HSP21 degradation. Genetic and chemical disruption of both metalloprotease activity and autophagy trigger superior HSP21 accumulation, thereby improving memory. Furthermore, we provide evidence that autophagy cargo receptor ATG8-INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (ATI1) is associated with heat stress memory. ATI1 bodies co-localize with both autophagosomes and HSP21, and their abundance and transport to the vacuole increase during heat stress recovery. Together, our results provide new insights into the module for control of the regulation of heat stress memory, in which two distinct protein degradation pathways act in concert to degrade HSP21, thereby enabling cells to recover from the heat stress effect at the cost of reducing the heat stress memory.
The genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 includes 52 species and is one of the most diverse genera of the family Microhylidae, being the most species-rich taxon of the Asian subfamily Microhylinae. The recent, rapid description of numerous new species of Microhyla with complex phylogenetic relationships has made the taxonomy of the group especially challenging. Several recent phylogenetic studies suggested paraphyly of Microhyla with respect to Glyphoglossus Gunther, 1869, and revealed three major phylogenetic lineages of mid-Eocene origin within this assemblage. However, comprehensive works assessing morphological variation among and within these lineages are absent. In the present study we investigate the generic taxonomy of Microhyla-Glyphoglossus assemblage based on a new phylogeny including 57 species, comparative morphological analysis of skeletons from cleared-and-stained specimens for 23 species, and detailed descriptions of generalized osteology based on volume-rendered micro-CT scans for five speciesal-together representing all major lineages within the group. The results confirm three highly divergent and well-supported clades that correspond with external and osteological morphological characteristics, as well as respective geographic distribution. Accordingly, acknowledging ancient divergence between these lineages and their significant morphological differentiation, we propose to consider these three lineages as distinct genera: Microhyla sensu stricto, Glyphoglossus, and a newly described genus, Nanohyla gen. nov.
Mediterranean oak woodlands are currently facing unprecedented degradation threats from oak decline. The Iberian oak decline "Seca", related to Phytophthora infection, causes crown defoliation that may adversely affect ecosystem services (ESs). We aim to improve our understanding of how Seca-induced declines in crown foliation affect the provision of multiple ecosystem services from understory vegetation. We selected holm (Quercus ilex) and cork oak (Q. suber) trees in a Spanish oak woodland and evaluated three proxies of canopy effects. One proxy (crown defoliation) solely captured Seca-dependent effects, one proxy solely captured Seca-independent effects (tree dimensions such as diameter and height), while the third proxy (tree vigor) captured overall canopy effects. We then used the best-performing proxies to assess canopy effects on key ecosystem services (ESs) such as aboveground net primary production (ANPP), grass and legume biomass, species diversity, litter decomposition rates, and a combined index of ecosystem multifunctionality. <br /> We found that both types of canopy effects (i.e. Seca-dependent and Seca-independent effects) were related, indicating that ANPP was disproportionally more affected by Seca when defoliated trees were large. Responses of other ESs were mostly not significant, although lower species diversity was found under trees with intermediate vigor. Our results underline that a Seca-related decline in canopy density triggered a homogenization of ecosystem service delivery on the ecosystem scale. The ecosystem functions (EFs) under trees of low vigor are similar to that in adjacent open microsites indicating that the presence of vigorous (i.e. old and vital) trees is critical for maintaining EFs at a landscape level. Our results also highlight the importance of quantifying not only defoliation but also tree dimensions as both factors jointly and interactively modify canopy effects on ecosystem multifunctionality.
PC2P
(2021)
Motivation:
Prediction of protein complexes from protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks is an important problem in systems biology, as they control different cellular functions. The existing solutions employ algorithms for network community detection that identify dense subgraphs in PPI networks. However, gold standards in yeast and human indicate that protein complexes can also induce sparse subgraphs, introducing further challenges in protein complex prediction.
Results:
To address this issue, we formalize protein complexes as biclique spanned subgraphs, which include both sparse and dense subgraphs. We then cast the problem of protein complex prediction as a network partitioning into biclique spanned subgraphs with removal of minimum number of edges, called coherent partition. Since finding a coherent partition is a computationally intractable problem, we devise a parameter-free greedy approximation algorithm, termed Protein Complexes from Coherent Partition (PC2P), based on key properties of biclique spanned subgraphs. Through comparison with nine contenders, we demonstrate that PC2P: (i) successfully identifies modular structure in networks, as a prerequisite for protein complex prediction, (ii) outperforms the existing solutions with respect to a composite score of five performance measures on 75% and 100% of the analyzed PPI networks and gold standards in yeast and human, respectively, and (iii,iv) does not compromise GO semantic similarity and enrichment score of the predicted protein complexes. Therefore, our study demonstrates that clustering of networks in terms of biclique spanned subgraphs is a promising framework for detection of complexes in PPI networks.
Waldökosysteme unterliegen vielfältigen Einflüssen wie forstlicher Bewirtschaftung, Stickstoffdeposition, Veränderung des Grundwasserspiegels oder der Einwanderung invasiver Arten. Die Wiederholung historischer Vegetationsaufnahmen ist ein wichtiges Mittel, um Veränderungen der Pflanzengesellschaften zu dokumentieren und mögliche Hauptursachen (Treiber) zu bestimmen. Wir haben 2015 den Vegetationswandel auf 140 semi-permanenten Plots in Wirtschaftswäldern der Elbtalniederung im Nordostdeutschen Tiefland (Sachsen-Anhalt, Brandenburg) untersucht. Die Erstaufnahme erfolgte von 1956 bis 1963. Die Vegetationsaufnahmen decken ein fast einzigartig breites Spektrum unterschiedlicher Waldstandorte ab, das von Feuchtwäldern (Au-, Bruch- und Moorwäldern des Alnion incanae, Alnion glutinosae und Betulion pubescentis) über bodensaure Eichen-Mischwälder (Quercion roboris) bis hin zu bodensauren, meist trockenen Kiefernwäldern mit unterschiedlicher Nährstoffausstattung (Dicrano-Pinion) reicht.
Die Veränderungen der Vegetation haben wir mit Hilfe von Bestandesdaten, Gewinner- und Verliererarten, der α- und β -Diversität sowie der Ellenberg-Zeigerwerte für Stickstoff, Reaktion, Feuchte und Licht analysiert. Dabei wurden, anders als in den meisten bisherigen Wiederholungsuntersuchungen, auch Flächen berücksichtigt, auf denen bis zur Zweitaufnahme ein vollständiger Bestandeswechsel stattgefunden hatte.
Insbesondere in den Feuchtwäldern und den bodensauren Wäldern mit mäßig guter Nährstoffversorgung sind Wechsel der Hauptbaumarten zu verzeichnen; außerdem wurden viele Kiefernbestände zwischenzeitlich neu begründet. Die Artenzahl hat insgesamt und in fast allen Waldtypen abgenommen, die β-Diversität ist jedoch unverändert geblieben bzw. hat sich erhöht. Die Zeigerwerte deuten auf eine Abnahme der Bodenfeuchte in den Au-, Bruch-, und Moorwäldern hin, während insbesondere die bodensauren Kiefernwälder dunkler, nährstoffreicher und feuchter geworden sind. Die Anzahl der Verlierer-Arten ist mehr als doppelt so hoch wie die der Gewinner-Arten, jedoch mit unterschiedlicher Entwicklung in den einzelnen Waldtypen. Insbesondere die nassen und feuchten Wälder, die bodensauren Eichen-Mischwälder und die Flechten-Kiefernwälder haben die meisten ihrer charakteristischen Arten verloren.
Veränderungen der Vegetation in den Feuchtwäldern gehen v. a. auf lokal gesunkene Grundwasserspiegel und eine dadurch gestiegene Nährstoffverfügbarkeit zurück; die Artenzusammensetzung der Auwälder wurde zudem sehr stark durch forstliche Eingriffe beeinflusst. Ursachen für den Trend zu feuchteren und nährstoffreicheren Bedingungen in ehemals trockenen bodensauren Kiefern- und Eichenwäldern sind Stickstoffeinträge sowie eine Sukzession nach Aufgabe historischer Waldnutzungs-formen (Streunutzung, Waldweide). Obwohl sich die einzelnen Waldtypen unterschiedlich entwickelt haben, sind Eutrophierung, sinkende Grundwasserspiegel und Waldbaumaßnahmen insgesamt die wichtigsten Ursachen für die beobachteten Vegetationsveränderungen. Forstliche Eingriffe wie Kahlschlag und Bestandesumbau mit Baumartenwechsel sind zugleich die Hauptursache dafür, dass es trotz Nivellierung des Standortsgradienten, gemessen an der β-Diversität, nicht zu einer Homogenisierung der Vegetation gekommen ist.
Sedimentary ancient DNA-based studies have been used to probe centuries of climate and environmental changes and how they affected cyanobacterial assemblages in temperate lakes. Due to cyanobacteria containing potential bloom-forming and toxin-producing taxa, their approximate reconstruction from sediments is crucial, especially in lakes lacking long-term monitoring data. To extend the resolution of sediment record interpretation, we used high-throughput sequencing, amplicon sequence variant (ASV) analysis, and quantitative PCR to compare pelagic cyanobacterial composition to that in sediment traps (collected monthly) and surface sediments in Lake Tiefer See. Cyanobacterial composition, species richness, and evenness was not significantly different among the pelagic depths, sediment traps and surface sediments (p > 0.05), indicating that the cyanobacteria in the sediments reflected the cyanobacterial assemblage in the water column. However, total cyanobacterial abundances (qPCR) decreased from the metalimnion down the water column. The aggregate-forming (Aphanizomenon) and colony-forming taxa (Snowella) showed pronounced sedimentation. In contrast, Planktothrix was only very poorly represented in sediment traps (meta- and hypolimnion) and surface sediments, despite its highest relative abundance at the thermocline (10 m water depth) during periods of lake stratification (May-October). We conclude that this skewed representation in taxonomic abundances reflects taphonomic processes, which should be considered in future DNA-based paleolimnological investigations.
Cyanobacteria are important primary producers in temperate freshwater ecosystems. However, studies on the seasonal and spatial distribution of cyanobacteria in deep lakes based on high-throughput DNA sequencing are still rare. In this study, we combined monthly water sampling and monitoring in 2019, amplicon sequence variants analysis (ASVs; a proxy for different species) and quantitative PCR targeting overall cyanobacteria abundance to describe the seasonal and spatial dynamics of cyanobacteria in the deep hard-water oligo-mesotrophic Lake Tiefer See, NE Germany. We observed significant seasonal variation in the cyanobacterial community composition (p < 0.05) in the epi- and metalimnion layers, but not in the hypolimnion. In winter-when the water column is mixed-picocyanobacteria (Synechococcus and Cyanobium) were dominant. With the onset of stratification in late spring, we observed potential niche specialization and coexistence among the cyanobacteria taxa driven mainly by light and nutrient dynamics. Specifically, ASVs assigned to picocyanobacteria and the genus Planktothrix were the main contributors to the formation of deep chlorophyll maxima along a light gradient. While Synechococcus and different Cyanobium ASVs were abundant in the epilimnion up to the base of the euphotic zone from spring to fall, Planktothrix mainly occurred in the metalimnetic layer below the euphotic zone where also overall cyanobacteria abundance was highest in summer. Our data revealed two potentially psychrotolerant (cold-adapted) Cyanobium species that appear to cope well under conditions of lower hypolimnetic water temperature and light as well as increasing sediment-released phosphate in the deeper waters in summer. The potential cold-adapted Cyanobium species were also dominant throughout the water column in fall and winter. Furthermore, Snowella and Microcystis-related ASVs were abundant in the water column during the onset of fall turnover. Altogether, these findings suggest previously unascertained and considerable spatiotemporal changes in the community of cyanobacteria on the species level especially within the genus Cyanobium in deep hard-water temperate lakes.
To predict how widely distributed species will perform under future climate change, it is crucial to understand and reveal their underlying phylogenetics. However, detailed information about plant adaptation and its genetic basis and history remains scarce and especially widely distributed species receive little attention despite their putatively high adaptability.
To examine the adaptation potential of a widely distributed species, we sampled the model plant Silene vulgaris across Europe. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed the offspring of these populations to a climate change scenario for central Europe and revealed the population structure through whole-genome sequencing. Plants were grown under two temperatures (18°C and 21°C) and three precipitation regimes (65, 75, and 90 mm) to measure their response in biomass and fecundity-related traits. To reveal the population genetic structure, ddRAD sequencing was employed for a whole-genome approach. We found three major genetic clusters in S. vulgaris from Europe: one cluster comprising Southern European populations, one cluster of Western European populations, and another cluster containing central European populations. Population genetic diversity decreased with increasing latitude, and a Mantel test revealed significant correlations between FST and geographic distances as well as between genetic and environmental distances. Our trait analysis showed that the genetic clusters significantly differed in biomass-related traits and in the days to flowering. However, half of the traits showed parallel response patterns to the experimental climate change scenario. Due to the differentiated but parallel response patterns, we assume that phenotypic plasticity plays an important role for the adaptation of the widely distributed species S. vulgaris and its intraspecific genetic lineages.