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We study the electromagnetic coupling and concomitant heating of a particle in a miniaturized trap close to a solid surface. Two dominant heating mechanisms are identified: proximity fields generated by thermally exicted currents in the absorbing solid and timedependent image potentials due to elastic surfaces distortions (Rayleigh phonons. Estimates for the lifetime of the trap ground state are given. Ions are paricularly sinsitive to electric proximity fields: for a silver substrate, we find a lifetime below one second at distrances closer than some ten 10^-6m to the surfaces. Neutral atoms may approach the surface more closely: if they have a magnetic moment, a minimum distance of one 10^-6m is estimatied in tight traps, the heat being transferred via magnetic proximity fields. For spinless atoms, heat is transferred by inelastic scattering of virtual photons off sorface phonons. The corresponding lifetime, however, is estimated to be extremely long compared to the timescale of typical experiments.
We discuss heating and decoherencw in traps fpr ions and neutral paricles close to metallic surfaces. We focus on simple trap geometries and compute noise spectra of thermally excited electromagnetic fields. If the trap is located in the near field of the substrate, the field fluctuations are largely increased compared to the level of the blackbody field, leading to much shorter coherence and life times of the trapped atoms. The correspinding time constants are computed for ion traps and magnetic traps. Analytical estimates for the size dependence of the noise spectrum are given. We finally discuss prospects for the coherent transport of matter waves in integrated surface waveguides.
We consider the role of weak interaction on the fluctuations of the number of condensed atoms within canonical and microanonical ensembles. Unlike the correspinding case of the ideal gas this is not a clean, well-defined problem of mathematical physics. Two related reasons are the following: there is no unique way of defining the condensate fraction of the interacting system and no exact energy levels of the interacting system are known.
We investigate the scattering of slowly moving atoms on the Bose-Einstein condensate. The condensate excitations are described by Bogolyubov-de Gennes equatins. We derive the analytic expressions for the differential cross section for both elastic and ineladtic channels. For the elastic channel we obtain analytic results for total cross sections, and discuss their scaling with the number of condensed atoms. For inelastic channels we present numerical results for the total cross section.
We derive exact thermodynamic identities relating the average number of condensed atoms and the root-mean- square fluctuations determined in different statistical ensembles for the weakly interacting Bose gas confined in a box. This is achieved by introducing the concept of auxiliary partition functions for model Hamiltonians that do conserve the total number of particles. Exploiting such thermodynamic identities, we provide the first, completely analytical prediction of the microcanonical particle number fluctuations in the weakly interacting Bose gas. Such fluctuations, as a function of the volume V of the box are found to behave normally, in contrast wiht the anomalous scaling behaviour V3/ 4 of the fluctuations in the ideal Bose gas.
The atom laser (or `Boser') is a device that delivers a beam of atomic de Broglie waves with high coherence and monochromaticity. In this review, we concentrate on an all-optical scheme of an atom laser that is based on optical pumping. The model is first presented in terms of kinetic equations, and its relation to the ordinary laser and the Bose-Einstein condensation is discussed. We then derive a master equation for the quantum statistics dynamics of the atom laser. Neglecting photon reabsorption processes, the master equation is solved and the counting statistics is computed. Finally, the effects of the inelastic reabsorption processes are investigated for the particular case of two atoms. It is shown that the onset of atom-lasing is suppressed in large resonators, but may be achieved in small and/or low-dimensional resonators.
We analyze theoretically an experiment in which a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate is cut in half, and the parts are subsequently allowed to interfere. If the delay cutting and atom detection is small, the interference pattern of the two halves of the condensate is the same in every experiment. However, for longer delays the spatial phase of the interference shows random fluctuations from one experiment to the other. This phase diffusion is characterized quantitatively.
We study the scattering of quantum particles in the presence of an Aharonov-Bohm vortex and in an arbitrary cylindrically symmetric potential. In particular we address the scattering of atoms carrying dipole moments induced by an electrically charged wire and a homogeneous magnetic field. We argue that, despite the strong attraction of the wire, an Aharoniv-Bohm effect will be visible.
We revisit the Haake-Lewenstein-Wilkens approach to Edwards-Anderson (EA) model of Ising spin glass (SG) (Haake et al 1985 Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 2606). This approach consists in evaluation and analysis of the probability distribution of configurations of two replicas of the system, averaged over quenched disorder. This probability distribution generates squares of thermal copies of spin variables from the two copies of the systems, averaged over disorder, that is the terms that enter the standard definition of the original EA order parameter, qEA 0 0