Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (4084)
- Doctoral Thesis (778)
- Postprint (137)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (120)
- Other (82)
- Preprint (44)
- Review (34)
- Habilitation Thesis (24)
- Conference Proceeding (15)
- Master's Thesis (11)
Keywords
- diffusion (56)
- stars: massive (53)
- gamma rays: general (47)
- stars: early-type (44)
- anomalous diffusion (43)
- cosmic rays (43)
- stars: winds, outflows (40)
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal (38)
- Magellanic Clouds (37)
- ISM: supernova remnants (36)
- X-rays: stars (35)
- intergalactic medium (34)
- quasars: absorption lines (34)
- acceleration of particles (33)
- gamma rays: galaxies (33)
- stars: mass-loss (33)
- stars: atmospheres (32)
- X-rays: binaries (31)
- methods: numerical (30)
- stars: Wolf-Rayet (30)
- galaxies: active (28)
- stars: evolution (28)
- astroparticle physics (24)
- turbulence (24)
- stars: magnetic field (23)
- organic solar cells (22)
- synchronization (22)
- techniques: spectroscopic (22)
- stochastic processes (21)
- galaxies: formation (20)
- Synchronisation (19)
- binaries: close (19)
- climate change (19)
- instabilities (19)
- magnetic fields (18)
- stars: abundances (18)
- stars: fundamental parameters (17)
- Galaxy: halo (16)
- data analysis (16)
- galaxies: evolution (16)
- galaxies: jets (16)
- hydrodynamics (16)
- perovskite solar cells (16)
- subdwarfs (16)
- magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (15)
- MHD (14)
- Sun: corona (14)
- Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) (14)
- Sun: flares (14)
- Sun: magnetic fields (14)
- Synchronization (14)
- binaries: general (14)
- methods: data analysis (14)
- relativistic processes (14)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (13)
- Datenanalyse (13)
- azobenzene (13)
- shock waves (13)
- Klimawandel (12)
- radiative transfer (12)
- ISM: abundances (11)
- ISM: clouds (11)
- Kuramoto model (11)
- Sun: activity (11)
- binaries: spectroscopic (11)
- dark matter (11)
- dynamics (11)
- galaxies: ISM (11)
- galaxies: high-redshift (11)
- gamma rays: stars (11)
- methods: observational (11)
- stars: neutron (11)
- stars: variables: general (11)
- surveys (11)
- Galaxy: evolution (10)
- Nichtlineare Dynamik (10)
- Sun: photosphere (10)
- chaos (10)
- gamma rays: ISM (10)
- gamma-ray burst: general (10)
- gravitational waves (10)
- plasmas (10)
- polymers (10)
- stars (10)
- stars: AGB and post-AGB (10)
- stars: winds (10)
- techniques: imaging spectroscopy (10)
- techniques: photometric (10)
- white dwarfs (10)
- Chaos (9)
- ISM: structure (9)
- Spektroskopie (9)
- cosmology: observations (9)
- dark ages, reionization, first stars (9)
- galaxies: interactions (9)
- model (9)
- nonlinear dynamics (9)
- photochemistry (9)
- radiation belts (9)
- spectroscopy (9)
- waves (9)
- Astrophysik (8)
- Galaxien (8)
- Gravitationswellen (8)
- Sun: chromosphere (8)
- Sun: filaments, prominences (8)
- X-ray refraction (8)
- astrophysics (8)
- charge transport (8)
- fractional Brownian motion (8)
- galaxies (8)
- gamma-rays: galaxies (8)
- nanoparticles (8)
- noise (8)
- outflows (8)
- quasars: general (8)
- stars: activity (8)
- stars: emission-line, Be (8)
- stars: rotation (8)
- techniques: polarimetric (8)
- thin films (8)
- Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams (7)
- RIXS (7)
- Reflexion (7)
- additive manufacturing (7)
- atmosphere (7)
- binaries: eclipsing (7)
- catalogs (7)
- chemotaxis (7)
- circumstellar matter (7)
- complex networks (7)
- first passage time (7)
- galaxies: dwarf (7)
- galaxies: starburst (7)
- hysteresis (7)
- magnetosphere (7)
- morphology (7)
- nonergodicity (7)
- numerical relativity (7)
- planets and satellites: rings (7)
- solar wind (7)
- sunspots (7)
- surface (7)
- transport (7)
- Arktis (6)
- Biophysik (6)
- Brownian motion (6)
- Diffusion (6)
- H II regions (6)
- ISM: kinematics and dynamics (6)
- Kosmologie (6)
- Local Group (6)
- Magnetismus (6)
- Magnetohydrodynamik (6)
- Polymere (6)
- Quasare (6)
- Sternentwicklung (6)
- X-rays: ISM (6)
- ageing (6)
- biophysics (6)
- diffuse radiation (6)
- dust, extinction (6)
- electrons (6)
- elementary particles (6)
- exoplanets (6)
- first passage (6)
- fluorescence (6)
- galaxies: abundances (6)
- galaxy evolution (6)
- gamma-rays: general (6)
- general relativity (6)
- infrared: stars (6)
- machine learning (6)
- magnetism (6)
- methods: analytical (6)
- molecular dynamics (6)
- molecular motors (6)
- networks (6)
- organic photovoltaics (6)
- photoelectron spectroscopy (6)
- photoluminescence (6)
- piezoelectricity (6)
- planetary nebulae: general (6)
- polarization (6)
- pulsars: general (6)
- recombination (6)
- residual stress (6)
- star formation (6)
- stars: horizontal-branch (6)
- stars: kinematics and dynamics (6)
- stars: late-type (6)
- surface relief grating (6)
- ultrafast (6)
- Atmosphäre (5)
- Exoplaneten (5)
- Galaxy: center (5)
- Gammastrahlungsastronomie (5)
- ISM: jets and outflows (5)
- ISM: lines and bands (5)
- ISM: magnetic fields (5)
- Lidar (5)
- Organic solar cells (5)
- Residual stress (5)
- Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (5)
- Saturn (5)
- Spectroscopy (5)
- Stochastische Prozesse (5)
- Strahlungstransport (5)
- Ti-6Al-4V (5)
- Turbulenz (5)
- X-ray (5)
- X-ray spectroscopy (5)
- activity (5)
- black holes (5)
- charge generation (5)
- climate impacts (5)
- comets: general (5)
- complex systems (5)
- computed tomography (5)
- conjugated polymers (5)
- cosmology: theory (5)
- density (5)
- ferroelectret (5)
- films (5)
- first-passage time (5)
- galaxies: haloes (5)
- galaxies: halos (5)
- galaxies: nuclei (5)
- gamma-ray astronomy (5)
- geometric Brownian motion (5)
- history and philosophy of astronomy (5)
- integral field spectroscopy (5)
- komplexe Netzwerke (5)
- kosmische Strahlung (5)
- massive stars (5)
- microscopy (5)
- models (5)
- molekulare Motoren (5)
- non-fullerene acceptors (5)
- organic semiconductors (5)
- oscillations (5)
- particle-in-cell simulations (5)
- pattern formation (5)
- phase transition (5)
- phase transitions (5)
- planet-star interactions (5)
- random diffusivity (5)
- scattering (5)
- simulation (5)
- solar cells (5)
- statistical physics (5)
- stellar activity (5)
- stellar evolution (5)
- supergiants (5)
- superstatistics (5)
- synchrotron radiation (5)
- techniques: image processing (5)
- ultrafast dynamics (5)
- ultraviolet: ISM (5)
- ARPES (4)
- Arctic (4)
- Astronomie (4)
- Astroteilchenphysik (4)
- Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (4)
- Bose-Einstein condensation (4)
- Coupled oscillators (4)
- Dictyostelium (4)
- Electrets (4)
- Ellipsometrie (4)
- Enceladus (4)
- FLASH (4)
- Ferroelectrets (4)
- Ferroelektrete (4)
- Fluoreszenz (4)
- Galaxy: structure (4)
- Gitterdynamik (4)
- Greenland (4)
- ISM: molecules (4)
- Langevin equation (4)
- Levy flights (4)
- Nanopartikel (4)
- Nanostruktur (4)
- Oberfläche (4)
- Oberflächengitter (4)
- Phase (4)
- Physik (4)
- Physikdidaktik (4)
- Planetary rings (4)
- Polyelektrolyt (4)
- Radiation belts (4)
- Rauschen (4)
- Röntgenspektroskopie (4)
- Simulation (4)
- Simulationen (4)
- Solar cells (4)
- Sterne (4)
- Sternentstehung (4)
- Sun (4)
- Van Allen Probes (4)
- X-ray diffraction (4)
- X-ray emission spectroscopy (4)
- X-rays (4)
- Zeitreihenanalyse (4)
- accretion, accretion disks (4)
- adsorption (4)
- analysis (4)
- astronomy (4)
- astrophysical plasmas (4)
- bacteria (4)
- black hole physics (4)
- catalysis (4)
- charge-transfer (4)
- climate (4)
- conductivity (4)
- confinement (4)
- control (4)
- convection (4)
- cosmology (4)
- creep (4)
- dynamical systems (4)
- electronic structure (4)
- electrostatic interactions (4)
- entanglement (4)
- errata, addenda (4)
- ferroelectrets (4)
- ferroelectric polymers (4)
- first-passage (4)
- galaxies: star formation (4)
- global jets (4)
- globular clusters: general (4)
- graphene (4)
- gravity (4)
- group field theory (4)
- helical magnetic fields (4)
- impact (4)
- instability (4)
- large-scale structure of Universe (4)
- line: identification (4)
- magnetohydrodynamics (4)
- magnetostriction (4)
- membrane (4)
- microlensing (4)
- mid-temperature transition (4)
- modeling (4)
- neutrinos (4)
- neutron diffraction (4)
- perovskite (4)
- phase oscillators (4)
- phase separation (4)
- photovoltaics (4)
- physics (4)
- physics education (4)
- planets and satellites: atmospheres (4)
- prediction (4)
- quantum field theory (4)
- quantum gravity (4)
- random walks (4)
- reionization (4)
- relativistic jets (4)
- stars: black holes (4)
- stars: chemically peculiar (4)
- stars: formation (4)
- stars: low-mass (4)
- stars: magnetic fields (4)
- statistics (4)
- stellar physics (4)
- stochastic models (4)
- subdiffusion (4)
- supernova remnants (4)
- synthesis (4)
- temperature (4)
- thiouracil (4)
- ultrafast x-ray diffraction (4)
- 2D (3)
- 2D perovskites (3)
- AFM (3)
- AGN (3)
- Adhäsion (3)
- Adsorption (3)
- Aerosol (3)
- Aluminum alloys (3)
- Anomalous diffusion (3)
- Antarctica (3)
- Antarktis (3)
- Astrophotonik (3)
- Astrophysics (3)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421 (3)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 2155-304 (3)
- Bayesian inference (3)
- Complex networks (3)
- Cosmic rays (3)
- Cosmology (3)
- Curie transition (3)
- DNA (3)
- Dark Matter (3)
- Datenassimilation (3)
- Debye screening (3)
- Dictyostelium discoideum (3)
- Dynamik (3)
- Electrophoretic deposition (3)
- Fokker-Planck equation (3)
- Galaxienentwicklung (3)
- Gammastrahlung (3)
- Genetic programming (3)
- H.E.S.S. (3)
- Hilbert transform (3)
- Holocene (3)
- Hydrodynamik (3)
- ISM: bubbles (3)
- Integrated Assessment (3)
- Interstellar medium (3)
- Jets (3)
- Klimatologie (3)
- Ladungstransport (3)
- Lasers (3)
- Lattice dynamics (3)
- Lehrkräftebildung (3)
- Levy walk (3)
- Levy walks (3)
- Lyapunov exponent (3)
- Magnetisierungsdynamik (3)
- Mars (3)
- Mittag-Leffler functions (3)
- Molekulardynamik (3)
- Motilität (3)
- NEXAFS (3)
- Netzwerke (3)
- Neutron diffraction (3)
- Nicht-Fulleren-Akzeptoren (3)
- Nonlinear Dynamics (3)
- OLED (3)
- Organische Solarzellen (3)
- Ozon (3)
- P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer (3)
- Perovskites (3)
- Perowskit (3)
- Phasenübergang (3)
- Photoelektronenspektroskopie (3)
- Photovoltaik (3)
- Physics Education (3)
- Polyelektrolyte (3)
- Quantengravitation (3)
- Quantenoptik (3)
- Quasar (3)
- Rashba effect (3)
- Rashba-Effekt (3)
- Reflexivität (3)
- Rekurrenzanalyse (3)
- Resonanzenergietransfer (3)
- Röntgenbeugung (3)
- STM (3)
- Saturn, Rings (3)
- Schwarze Löcher (3)
- Semiconductors (3)
- Sonnenkorona (3)
- Statistical and Nonlinear Physics (3)
- Sternaktivität (3)
- Sternwinde (3)
- Strahlungsgürtel (3)
- Sun: atmosphere (3)
- Sun: sunspots (3)
- Supernovaüberreste (3)
- Synchrotronstrahlung (3)
- Teilchenbeschleunigung (3)
- Theorie (3)
- Thin films (3)
- Thiouracil (3)
- Transformation toughening (3)
- Ultrafast X-ray diffraction (3)
- Unsicherheitsanalyse (3)
- Wellenleiter (3)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (3)
- X-ray imaging (3)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (3)
- XPS (3)
- Zelladhäsion (3)
- active transport (3)
- aspect ratio (3)
- behavior (3)
- biological physics (3)
- brushes (3)
- carbon nitride (3)
- cell adhesion (3)
- charge storage (3)
- charge transfer (3)
- chemical modification (3)
- chimera state (3)
- chimera states (3)
- comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (3)
- complementarity (3)
- continuous time random walk (3)
- coupled rotators (3)
- critical avalanche dynamics (3)
- critical phenomena (3)
- cylindrical geometry (3)
- damage (3)
- dark matter theory (3)
- dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (3)
- diffraction (3)
- diffusing diffusivity (3)
- dust (3)
- dynamo (3)
- dünne Schichten (3)
- efficiency (3)
- electromagnetic radiation (3)
- electrostatics (3)
- ellipsometry (3)
- energy (3)
- filaments (3)
- financial time series (3)
- first-hitting time (3)
- galaxies: fundamental parameters (3)
- galaxy structure (3)
- genomic DNA conformation (3)
- global surface warming (3)
- globular clusters: individual: NGC 6397 (3)
- hypersound (3)
- individual (3)
- infrared: diffuse background (3)
- interface engineering (3)
- interfaces (3)
- intergalaktisches Medium (3)
- iron (3)
- kinetic instabilities (3)
- laser pulses (3)
- lattice dynamics (3)
- lidar (3)
- line: profiles (3)
- linearized gravity (3)
- magnetic reconnection (3)
- magnetoconvection (3)
- massereiche Sterne (3)
- mechanical properties (3)
- memory and delay (3)
- metal (3)
- mobility (3)
- molecular doping (3)
- nanoscale heat transfer (3)
- nanostructure (3)
- neural networks (3)
- neuronal networks (3)
- nitrogen (3)
- noisy systems (3)
- nonfullerene acceptors (3)
- nonlinear time series analysis (3)
- nonradiative voltage losses (3)
- nucleobases (3)
- numerical simulations (3)
- ocean heat uptake (3)
- optical manipulation (3)
- optical spectroscopy (3)
- organic electronics (3)
- organic solar cell (3)
- organische Halbleiter (3)
- organische Solarzellen (3)
- particle acceleration (3)
- photocatalysis (3)
- photocurrent generation (3)
- photosensitive surfactants (3)
- photovoltaic devices (3)
- piezoelectret (3)
- piezoelectrets (3)
- pitch angle (3)
- planetary rings (3)
- planets and satellites: individual (Saturn) (3)
- plasmonics (3)
- polyelectrolyte adsorption (3)
- polyelectrolytes (3)
- polymer (3)
- polymer solar cells (3)
- polypropylene (3)
- porosity (3)
- power spectral analysis (3)
- power spectrum (3)
- pp-wave solutions (3)
- processing (3)
- projections (3)
- protein folding (3)
- protein search (3)
- quantum friction (3)
- quantum optics (3)
- quantum thermodynamics (3)
- quasar (3)
- quasars (3)
- quasi-Fermi level splitting (3)
- radio continuum: stars (3)
- random walk (3)
- recurrence (3)
- recurrence plot (3)
- resonant energy transfer (3)
- ring current (3)
- rotation (3)
- roughness (3)
- scaled Brownian motion (3)
- schwarze Löcher (3)
- sea-level rise (3)
- silicon (3)
- simulations (3)
- stability (3)
- stars: (3)
- stars: coronae (3)
- stars: distances (3)
- stars: mass loss (3)
- stars: oscillations (3)
- stars: pre-main sequence (3)
- starspots (3)
- statistical models (3)
- statistische Modelle (3)
- stellar populations (3)
- stellar winds (3)
- stochastic processes (theory) (3)
- stochastic resetting (3)
- stochastic resonance (3)
- stochastische Prozesse (3)
- sulfur (3)
- surface treatment (3)
- surface-relief gratings (3)
- synchronization transition (3)
- temperature dependence (3)
- texture (3)
- time averaging (3)
- time series analysis (3)
- titanium dioxide (3)
- ultrafast X-ray diffraction (3)
- ultraschnell (3)
- uncertainty analysis (3)
- voltage losses (3)
- vulnerability (3)
- waveguides (3)
- x-ray diffraction (3)
- 1D (2)
- 3D (2)
- 4 (2)
- 4-nitrobenzenethiol (2)
- AG (2)
- AU (2)
- Accretion (2)
- Active Galactic Nuclei (2)
- Active regions, magnetic fields (2)
- Additive manufacturing (2)
- Adhesion (2)
- Aerosole (2)
- Akkretion (2)
- Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie (2)
- Amazon rainforest (2)
- Anfangsdaten (2)
- Anisotropie (2)
- Anisotropy (2)
- Anthropogene Klimaänderung (2)
- Antibiotics (2)
- Atmosphere (2)
- Atmosphärendynamik (2)
- Auger electron spectroscopy (2)
- Auger–Meitner (2)
- Azobenzene containing cationic surfactants (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (Mrk 501) (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 501 (2)
- Bacterial biofilms (2)
- Bakterien (2)
- Bayesian estimation (2)
- Benetzung (2)
- Biofilms (2)
- Biological defense mechanisms (2)
- Blazar (2)
- Boltzmann distribution (2)
- Bose-Einstein condensate (2)
- Bragg peak (2)
- Brillouin scattering (2)
- Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion (2)
- Capacitive sensor (2)
- Casimir effect (2)
- Casimir-Polder interaction (2)
- Cassini (2)
- Cations (2)
- Ceramics (2)
- Charge recombination (2)
- Chebyshev inequality (2)
- Chemotaxis (2)
- Chromosphere (2)
- Climate Change (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Coherence (2)
- Collisional physics (2)
- Comets (2)
- Complementarity (2)
- Computed tomography (2)
- Computertomographie (2)
- Convolutional neural networks (2)
- Corona, active (2)
- Coster–Kronig (2)
- Crab Nebula (2)
- Crack deflection (2)
- Crystallization (2)
- Cystic fibrosis (2)
- DFT (2)
- Dark matter (2)
- Deep learning (2)
- Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy (DRS) (2)
- Dielectric materials (2)
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) (2)
- Displays (2)
- Donor-Acceptor (DA) interface (2)
- Donor-acceptor copolymers (2)
- Doping (2)
- Dunkle Materie (2)
- Dust (2)
- Dwarf galaxies (2)
- Dynamical systems (2)
- Dynamische Systeme (2)
- Dynamo (2)
- EMIC (2)
- Eigenspannung (2)
- Electron spectroscopy (2)
- Electronic and spintronic devices (2)
- Elektret (2)
- Elektronenbeschleunigung (2)
- Entscheidung bei Unsicherheit (2)
- Entstehung der Milchstraße (2)
- Equilibrium-line altitudes (2)
- Erdbeben (2)
- Extremereignisse (2)
- Fachwissen (2)
- Fermi (2)
- Fernerkundung (2)
- Ferroelektret (2)
- Ferroelektrika (2)
- Filament (2)
- Filamente (2)
- Fox H-function (2)
- Fractional moments (2)
- Freie-Elektronen-Laser (2)
- Frequenzkonversion (2)
- Galactic center (2)
- Galaktische Archäologie (2)
- Galaxie (2)
- Galaxienhaufen (2)
- Galaxy: formation (2)
- Galaxy: stellar content (2)
- Gamma-ray astronomy (2)
- Gammaastronomie (2)
- Gas phase (2)
- Gaussian processes (2)
- Gold (2)
- Granulation (2)
- Graphen (2)
- Graphene (2)
- Gravitationslinsen (2)
- Gravitationslinseneffekt (2)
- Gyrochronologie (2)
- H.E.S.S (2)
- HII regions (2)
- Hertzsprung-Russell and colour-magnitude diagrams (2)
- Hochdruck (2)
- Hong-Ou-Mandel effect (2)
- Hydraulic models (2)
- Hydraulic networks (2)
- Hydrodynamics (2)
- Hydrogel (2)
- Hysterese (2)
- Hysteresis (2)
- IACT (2)
- ISM (2)
- ISM: individual objects: G338.3-0.0 (2)
- ISOS-L-1I protocol (2)
- In-situ Experimente (2)
- Indian Monsoon (2)
- Indian summer monsoon (2)
- Indischer Monsun (2)
- Inner magnetosphere (2)
- Instrumentation (2)
- Instrumentation and data management (2)
- Integral field spectroscopy (2)
- Integralfieldspektroskopie (2)
- Integrierte Bewertung (2)
- Intergalactic Medium (2)
- Intergalaktisches Medium (2)
- Irradiation (2)
- Kalman filter (2)
- Klima (2)
- Kolloides System (2)
- Kompensatoren (2)
- Komplexe Systeme (2)
- Kopplung (2)
- Kp index (2)
- Krebsnebel (2)
- Kuramoto (2)
- Kuramoto-Modell (2)
- L-Asterisk (2)
- LDPE nanocomposites (2)
- Laboratory astrophysics (2)
- Laser powder bed fusion (2)
- Laserstrahlschmelzen (2)
- Lokalisierung (2)
- Lévy flights (2)
- Lévy walks (2)
- Löschkurve (2)
- MU-M (2)
- Machine learning (2)
- Magnetfelder (2)
- Magnetic field, photosphere, corona (2)
- Magnetic fields, corona (2)
- Magnetism (2)
- Magnetohydrodynamics (2)
- Maschinelles Lernen (2)
- Maximum entropy method (2)
- Membran (2)
- Microlensing (2)
- Mikrolinsen (2)
- Milchstraße (2)
- Milky Way (2)
- Milky Way evolution (2)
- Missions (2)
- Mode function (2)
- Modellierung (2)
- Molecular dynamics (2)
- Molecules (2)
- Molekularer Motor (2)
- Monsun (2)
- Morphogenese (2)
- Morphologie (2)
- Multilayer (2)
- NAP-XPS (2)
- NLO (2)
- Nanoparticles (2)
- Network reconstruction (2)
- Nichtgleichgewicht (2)
- Nitrogen (2)
- Noise-induced phenomena (2)
- Nonlinear coupling (2)
- Organic electronics (2)
- Organic semiconductors (2)
- Orgelpfeife (2)
- Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process (2)
- Oscillator ensembles (2)
- Oszillatoren (2)
- Outflows (2)
- P(VDF-TrFE) (2)
- PCPDTBT (2)
- PDLC (2)
- PEDOT (2)
- Paläoklimatologie (2)
- Perovskite solar cell (2)
- Perowskit Solarzellen (2)
- Phase transitions (2)
- Phasenübergänge (2)
- Phononen (2)
- Phonons (2)
- Photoalignment (2)
- Photochemie (2)
- Photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- Photometrie (2)
- Photoorientierung (2)
- Physics (2)
- Physik Lehramt (2)
- Piezoelektrizität (2)
- Pipe networks (2)
- Plasmaphysik (2)
- Plasmonics (2)
- Plume (2)
- Polyelectrolyte (2)
- Polymer (2)
- Polypropylen (2)
- Probability (2)
- Professional Knowledge (2)
- Prognose (2)
- Prominences, active (2)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2)
- Pump-probe (2)
- Quantendraht (2)
- Quantenfeldtheorie (2)
- Quantum optics (2)
- Quasars (2)
- RIXS (resonant inelastic X-ray scattering) (2)
- Radiation protection (2)
- Raman imaging (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Raumzeitgeometrie (2)
- Rauschinduzierte Phänomene (2)
- Rekonstruktionsmethoden (2)
- Residual stresses (2)
- Resolved and unresolved sources as a function of wavelength (2)
- Resonances (2)
- Rings (2)
- SEM (2)
- SHG (2)
- Scher-Montroll transport (2)
- Selbstorganisation (2)
- Shockley-Queisser model (2)
- Shocks (2)
- Silizium (2)
- Simulations (2)
- Solar corona (2)
- Solarzellen (2)
- Sonne (2)
- Sputum (2)
- Stability (2)
- Statistik (2)
- Stellar evolution (2)
- Sternatmosphären (2)
- Sternphysik (2)
- Stochastische Resonanz (2)
- Stochastischer Prozess (2)
- Structural health monitoring (2)
- Substrat (2)
- Sun: UV radiation (2)
- Sun: filaments (2)
- Sun: heliosphere (2)
- Sun: magnetic topology (2)
- Supernova remnants (2)
- Supernovae (2)
- Supernovaüberrest (2)
- Supraleiter (2)
- Surface science (2)
- Surface treatment (2)
- Surrogate Data (2)
- Synchronisierung (2)
- Synchronization control (2)
- Teacher Education (2)
- Theorie von Förster (2)
- Thermal effects (2)
- Thermodynamic properties (2)
- Thin film (2)
- UV-vis spectroscopy (2)
- Ultrafast (2)
- VERB code (2)
- VERITAS (2)
- Vacuum fields (2)
- Vesikel (2)
- Viscoelasticity (2)
- Water distribution systems (2)
- Wechselwirkungsabstand (2)
- Wellenausbreitung (2)
- Wiederkehrdiagramme (2)
- Wissenschaftstheorie (2)
- Wolf-Rayet (2)
- X-ray absorption (2)
- X-ray computed tomography (CT) (2)
- X-ray emission (2)
- X-ray probe (2)
- XAS (2)
- XES (2)
- XMCD (2)
- Yttria stabilized zirconia (2)
- acceleration (2)
- accretion (2)
- acoustic waves (2)
- actin (2)
- actin polymerization (2)
- activator–inhibitor models (2)
- active galactic nuclei (2)
- additive Fertigung (2)
- adhesion (2)
- aerosol (2)
- aggregation (2)
- allgemeine Relativitätstheorie (2)
- aminothiophenol (2)
- anisotropy (2)
- antimicrobial peptides (2)
- approximate methods (2)
- arctic (2)
- asteroseismology (2)
- astrobiology (2)
- astrometry (2)
- astronomical databases (2)
- astrophotonics (2)
- atmospheric effects (2)
- atom chip (2)
- atom-surface interaction (2)
- atomic force microscopy (AFM) (2)
- autocorrelation (2)
- autoregressive models (2)
- azobenzene containing polymer films (2)
- azobenzene containing surfactants (2)
- azobenzene elastomers (2)
- azobenzene surfactant (2)
- bandgap (2)
- bidirectional reflectance (2)
- bifurcation analysis (2)
- bifurcation theory (2)
- binary black holes (2)
- biological transport (2)
- birefringence (2)
- bismuth (2)
- blue stragglers (2)
- bulk heterojunction (2)
- bulk heterojunctions (2)
- bumps (2)
- cambridge cb4 0wf (2)
- cambs (2)
- capacitive sensor (2)
- catalogues (2)
- cavity quantum electrodynamics (2)
- celestial mechanics (2)
- cell migration (2)
- cell motility (2)
- cesium lead halides (2)
- chains (2)
- channel (2)
- chaotic neural dynamics (2)
- charge carrier recombination (2)
- charge-carrier transport (2)
- chimera (2)
- chorus waves (2)
- cirrus clouds (2)
- climate trends (2)
- climate variability (2)
- codifference (2)
- coefficient (2)
- coefficients (2)
- coherence (2)
- coherent phonons (2)
- collective dynamics (2)
- collective motion (2)
- compensation films (2)
- complex (2)
- connections between chaos and statistical physics (2)
- consequences (2)
- conservation laws (2)
- continuous time random walk (CTRW) (2)
- cooperative phenomena (2)
- core-shell nanostructure (2)
- corona (2)
- coronal mass ejections (CMEs) (2)
- correlations (2)
- cortical network models (2)
- cortical oscillations (2)
- cosmic background radiation (2)
- cosmic ray propagation (2)
- cosmological simulations (2)
- costs (2)
- coupled oscillators (2)
- critical fluctuations (2)
- crowded fluids (2)
- crystal orientation (2)
- crystal structure (2)
- cytoskeleton (2)
- dark ages (2)
- data (2)
- data assimilation (2)
- deep learning (2)
- dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) (2)
- dielectric barrier discharges (2)
- dielectric properties (2)
- dielectrics (2)
- diselenide (2)
- dispersion (2)
- displays (2)
- distance scale (2)
- distribution (2)
- donor (2)
- doping (2)
- driving force (2)
- droughts (2)
- dunkle Materie (2)
- dwarfs galaxies (2)
- dynamic loading (2)
- dynamics simulation (2)
- dynamische Systeme (2)
- early Universe (2)
- economic network (2)
- elastomers (2)
- electret (2)
- electrets (2)
- electroactive polymer (2)
- electron-transfer (2)
- elektronische Struktur (2)
- empirical modeling (2)
- england (2)
- enhanced raman-scattering (2)
- ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacement (2)
- entropy production (2)
- equation approach (2)
- equation of state (2)
- erasure (2)
- excitonic materials (2)
- expanding medium (2)
- experiment (2)
- exploit (2)
- exposed water ice (2)
- extrasolar planets (2)
- extremal values (2)
- extreme events (2)
- eye movements (2)
- fastest first-passage time of N walkers (2)
- ferroelectrics (2)
- figure of merit (2)
- fill factor losses (2)
- finite-size effects (2)
- first-passage time distribution (2)
- first-reaction time (2)
- flagellum (2)
- flares (2)
- flexible (2)
- fluctuating surfaces (2)
- fluctuation dissipation theorem (2)
- fluctuations (2)
- fluctuations (theory) (2)
- fluorescence microscopy (2)
- fluorinated organic spacer (2)
- fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) copolymer (2)
- fractal (2)
- fractal dimension (2)
- fractional dynamics (2)
- free-electron laser (2)
- galactic astronomy (2)
- galaktisches Zentrum (2)
- galaxies: clusters: general (2)
- galaxies: general (2)
- galaxies: individual: LMC (2)
- galaxies: individual: SMC (2)
- galaxies: individual: Small Magellanic Cloud (2)
- galaxies: kinematics and dynamics (2)
- galaxies: magnetic fields (2)
- galaxies: star clusters: general (2)
- galaxy formation (2)
- gamma rays (2)
- gamma rays: diffuse background (2)
- gamma-rays (2)
- gas (2)
- gas phase electron spectroscopy (2)
- geladene Systeme (2)
- gene regulatory networks (2)
- general (2)
- generalised langevin equation (2)
- globular clusters (2)
- gold (2)
- gradients (2)
- grafted polymers (2)
- granite (2)
- gravitational lensing (2)
- gravitational lensing: strong (2)
- gravitational-wave astronomy (2)
- green solvents (2)
- gyrochronology (2)
- halo (2)
- heterojunction silicon solar cells (2)
- hierarchical modular networks (2)
- high-redshift (2)
- holography (2)
- horizontal-branch (2)
- hybrid material (2)
- hydrogels (2)
- hyperbolic attractor (2)
- ice absorption features (2)
- iceberg calving (2)
- in-situ testing (2)
- induced deformation (2)
- infrared thermography (2)
- infrared: galaxies (2)
- initial data (2)
- inner magnetosphere (2)
- inorganic perovskites (2)
- integrated optics (2)
- interaction distance (2)
- interactions (2)
- international migration (2)
- interstellar ice (2)
- interstellar matter (2)
- interstellar medium (2)
- intrinsic neuronal diversity (2)
- inverse analysis (2)
- ion mobility spectrometry (2)
- ionosphere (2)
- irregular firing activity (2)
- kinetic theory (2)
- kinetics (2)
- kink instability (2)
- kink-like instability (2)
- kooperative Phänomene (2)
- large-deviation statistic (2)
- laser powder bed fusion (2)
- literature review (2)
- living cells (2)
- low (2)
- low-density polyethylene (2)
- magnetization dynamics (2)
- mass conservation (2)
- mass-transport (2)
- material (2)
- mathematical modeling (2)
- mathematische Modellierung (2)
- maximum and range (2)
- mean versus most probable reaction times (2)
- mechanisms (2)
- mechanobiology (2)
- membrane channel (2)
- memory effects (2)
- metal halide perovskites (2)
- metal nanoparticles (2)
- meteorological extremes (2)
- methods: statistical (2)
- micelles (2)
- microcracking (2)
- migration (2)
- milton rd (2)
- miscellaneous (2)
- mixed boundary conditions (2)
- mode stability (2)
- modelling (2)
- molecular bottle brushes (2)
- monte-carlo (2)
- motility (2)
- motion (2)
- motion of adsorbed nano-particles (2)
- murchison meteorite (2)
- nanocomposite (2)
- narrow escape problem (2)
- negative thermal expansion (2)
- network (2)
- network reconstruction (2)
- neutron stars (2)
- nichtlineare Datenanalyse (2)
- nichtlineare Dynamik (2)
- nichtlineare Optik (2)
- non-Gaussian diffusion (2)
- non-Gaussianity (2)
- non-Langevin recombination (2)
- non-Markovian dynamics (2)
- non-destructive evaluation (2)
- non-equilibrium (2)
- non-linear dynamics (2)
- non-radiative interface recombination (2)
- non-radiative recombination (2)
- nonlinear waves (2)
- nonlocal coupling (2)
- nonradiative losses (2)
- nonradiative recombination (2)
- novae, cataclysmic variables (2)
- nucleation (2)
- nucleosome (2)
- observations (2)
- open clusters and associations: general (2)
- open quantum system (2)
- open-circuit voltage (2)
- optics (2)
- optische Spektroskopie (2)
- opto-mechanical stresses (2)
- organic semiconductor (2)
- organische Elektronik (2)
- origins (2)
- osmotic-pressure (2)
- ozone (2)
- pQCT (2)
- particles (2)
- pause hiatus (2)
- pedagogical content knowledge (2)
- pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) (2)
- pedagogical reasoning (2)
- peptides (2)
- permittivity enhancement (2)
- perovskite solar cell (2)
- phase (2)
- phase purity (2)
- phase synchronization (2)
- photo-isomerization (2)
- photo-isomerization kinetics (2)
- photo-orientation (2)
- photo-sensitive surfactant (2)
- photoalignment (2)
- photocontrol (2)
- photoelectron (2)
- photofragmentation (2)
- photoluminescence quenching (2)
- photometry (2)
- photon recycling (2)
- photostability (2)
- picosecond ultrasonics (2)
- piezoelectric polymers (2)
- piezoelectric sensors (2)
- planet (2)
- planetary nebulae (2)
- planetary systems (2)
- planets and satellites: fundamental parameters (2)
- planets and satellites: gaseous planets (2)
- planets and satellites: general (2)
- plasma instabilities (2)
- plasma physics (2)
- plasmaspheric hiss (2)
- poly (acrylic acid, sodium salt) (2)
- polyethylene (2)
- posttranslational protein translocation (2)
- pre-service teachers (2)
- probability density function (2)
- proteins (2)
- protonation (2)
- pulsars: individual: PSR B0833-45 (2)
- pump-probe (2)
- pump-probe spectroscopy (2)
- pyroelectric polymers (2)
- quantum mechanics (2)
- quartz crystal microbalance (2)
- quasi-Fermi level (2)
- quasi-steady-state photoinduced absorptions (2)
- quenched energy landscape (2)
- quenching curve (2)
- radiation mechanisms: nonthermal (2)
- radiative limit (2)
- random-walk (2)
- random-walks (2)
- rare-earth metals (2)
- reaction cascade (2)
- reaction kinetics theory (2)
- recollimation shocks (2)
- recombination order (2)
- recombinations (2)
- reconstruction methods (2)
- rectification (2)
- recurrence analysis (2)
- recurrence plots (2)
- recurrence quantification analysis (2)
- reduced dimensionality (2)
- reduzierte Dimensionalität (2)
- refined consensus model (RCM) (2)
- reflecting boundary conditions (2)
- reflection (2)
- regional climate model (2)
- relaxor-ferroelectric polymer (2)
- relaxor-ferroelectric polymers (2)
- repertory grid (2)
- resolution infrared-spectroscopy (2)
- ring current electrons (2)
- rolling adhesion (2)
- royal soc chemistry (2)
- rupturing of metal film (2)
- science park (2)
- science teaching (2)
- sea level (2)
- selective bond cleavage (2)
- selective laser melting (2)
- selective laser melting (SLM) (2)
- self-similarity (2)
- self-sustained activity (2)
- sensors and actuators (2)
- seperation (2)
- sequence-controlled polymers (2)
- shell-like geometries (2)
- single chain folding (2)
- single trajectories (2)
- single trajectory analysis (2)
- single-particle tracking (2)
- single-stranded-dna (2)
- soft X-ray beamline (2)
- soft X-ray spectroscopy (2)
- solar coronal mass ejections (2)
- solar storm (2)
- solid-state nanopores (2)
- soliton (2)
- space charge (2)
- space-charge stability (2)
- space-dependent diffusivity (2)
- spatial localization (2)
- specific surface area (2)
- spectra (2)
- spin (2)
- spin-orbit interaction (2)
- split Hopkinson pressure bar (2)
- splitting (2)
- spontaneous parametric down-conversion (2)
- stars: flare (2)
- stars: individual (WR 6) (2)
- stars: individual ([HD 36486]delta Ori A) (2)
- stars: individual (gamma Cassiopeiae) (2)
- stars: individual: WR 102c (2)
- stars: individual: WR 102ka (2)
- stars: jets (2)
- stars: solar-type (2)
- stars: variables: Cepheids (2)
- stationary stochastic process (2)
- statistische Physik (2)
- stellar atmospheres (2)
- stellar content (2)
- stellar coronal mass ejections (2)
- stellar dynamics (2)
- stochastic dynamics (2)
- stochastic process (2)
- stratosphere (2)
- structural health monitoring (2)
- structure (2)
- structured polynucleotides (2)
- structures (2)
- submillimetre: ISM (2)
- substrate (2)
- sun (2)
- superalloys (2)
- supermassereiche Schwarze Löcher (2)
- supermassive black holes (2)
- supernova remnant (2)
- supernovae: general (2)
- surface modification (2)
- surface states (2)
- surface-enhanced Raman scattering (2)
- swelling (2)
- synchrotron X-ray diffraction (2)
- synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (2)
- systems (2)
- tandem solar cells (2)
- teacher professional development (2)
- teaching practice (2)
- techniques (2)
- techniques: radial velocities (2)
- teleconnections (2)
- temperature fluctuation (2)
- theory (2)
- theory of Förster (2)
- thermally stimulated discharge (2)
- thermodynamics (2)
- thick junctions (2)
- thin-films (2)
- thomas graham house (2)
- time (2)
- time-averaged mean squared displacement (2)
- time-series analysis (2)
- tipping cascade (2)
- tissue growth (2)
- tomography (2)
- trabecular bone (2)
- tracking (2)
- transfer dynamics (2)
- transient chaos (2)
- transmission spectroscopy (2)
- trapping (2)
- tropical cyclones (2)
- ultrafast molecular dynamics (2)
- ultrafast photoacoustics (2)
- ultrafast spectroscopy (2)
- ultraschnelle Dynamik (2)
- ultraschnelle Röntgendiffraktion (2)
- ultraviolet: galaxies (2)
- ultraviolet: stars (2)
- up-down states (2)
- vacuum fields (2)
- variability (2)
- vesicle (2)
- vinylidenefluoride (VDF)-based polymers (2)
- viscosity (2)
- visibility (2)
- wave-particle interactions (2)
- wavelength (2)
- weak ergodicity breaking (2)
- weather extremes (2)
- wetting (2)
- work function (2)
- x-ray spectroscopy (2)
- young stellar objects (2)
- Überschwemmungen (2)
- 'Reduced-Form' Modellierung (1)
- 'coupling sensitivity' (1)
- (PEDOT (1)
- (Z)-isomer (1)
- (galaxies:) intergalactic medium (1)
- (galaxies:) quasars: absorption lines (1)
- (high-)voltage measurements (1)
- 1 (1)
- 1,3,4-oxadiazole (1)
- 1/f noise (1)
- 15 (1)
- 16 (1)
- 2101 duplex stainless steel (1)
- 2D Systeme (1)
- 2D Transport (1)
- 2D colloid ordering (1)
- 2D transport (1)
- 2d systems (1)
- 3 (1)
- 3 body recombination (1)
- 3-D diffusion simulation (1)
- 30S subunit (1)
- 3D Modellierung (1)
- 3D Systeme (1)
- 3D field calculations (1)
- 3D medical image analysis (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- 3D tomography (1)
- 3D-Feldsimulationen (1)
- 3D-modeling (1)
- 3d metals (1)
- 3d systems (1)
- 4-nitrophenol (1)
- 4-oxadiazol (1)
- 4-oxadiazole (1)
- 4T (1)
- 6H-SiC (1)
- 7924 (1)
- 7934 (1)
- 7959 (1)
- AI (1)
- AMALi (1)
- ANFO (1)
- APCI (1)
- ARFIMA (1)
- ARTOF (1)
- ASDs (1)
- ASR-sensitive aggregate (1)
- ATP hydrolysis (1)
- ATP-Hydrolyse (1)
- Abbau von Boten-RNS (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Absorptionsspektroskopie (1)
- Abwärme (1)
- Acceleration of particles (1)
- Accelerator mass spectrometry (1)
- Accelerometer (1)
- Accretion processes (1)
- Acoustic probing of electric-field profiles (1)
- Actin cytoskeleton dynamics (1)
- Actin waves (1)
- Active flow control (1)
- Active galactic nuclei (1)
- Actuator (1)
- Actuators (1)
- Adhäsionscluster (1)
- Adsorptionsschichten (1)
- Aerosol und Wolken Lidar (1)
- Aerosols (1)
- African climate (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Agglomerate (1)
- Agglomeration (1)
- Aggregate states (1)
- Aggregates (1)
- Air showers (1)
- Airborne Aerosol and Cloud Lidar (1)
- Airless bodies (1)
- Akkretionsscheiben (1)
- Aktin (1)
- Aktinfilamente (1)
- Aktive Galaxie (1)
- Aktive Galaxienkerne (1)
- Aktiven Galaxienkerne (1)
- Aktivität (1)
- Aktomyosin (1)
- Aktuation (1)
- Aktuatoren (1)
- Akustik (1)
- Alfv´en mode MHD turbulence (1)
- Alfv´en-Modus MHD-Turbulenz (1)
- Alignment (1)
- Alkane (1)
- All-polymer heterojunctions (1)
- Allgemeine Zirkulation (1)
- Allgemeine atmosphärische Zirkulation (1)
- Alpha-Effekt (1)
- Alternating copolymers (1)
- Alternative Akzeptorpolymere (1)
- Ambipolar charge transport (1)
- Ambipolar materials (1)
- Amphiphile Verbindungen (1)
- Amplitude death (1)
- Analysis technique (1)
- Anderson (1)
- Angle- and spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (1)
- Anharmonizität (1)
- Anions (1)
- Annealing (metallurgy) (1)
- Annealing treatment (1)
- Anomal (1)
- Anomalous (1)
- Anomalous diffusion exponent (1)
- Anomalous transport (1)
- Anrege-Abtast Spektroskopie (1)
- Anregungs-Abfrage-Experiment (1)
- Anregungs-Abfrage-Spektroskopie (1)
- Answer Set Programming (1)
- Antarctic (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Antibiotika-Toleranz (1)
- Antibiotikaresistenz (1)
- Antiferromagnetisch (1)
- Antiferromagnetismus (1)
- Antimikrobielle Peptide (1)
- Antrieb (1)
- Aqueous solution (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Arctic Haze (1)
- Arctic Oscillation (1)
- Arctic aerosol (1)
- Arctic atmosphere (1)
- Arctic boundary layer (1)
- Arctic clouds (1)
- Arctic haze (1)
- Arctic-midlatitude linkages (1)
- Arktische Nebel (1)
- Arktische Oszillation (1)
- Arnold diffusion (1)
- Aromaticity (1)
- Aromatizität (1)
- Assemblierung (1)
- Asteroiden (1)
- Asteroseismologie (1)
- Astrobiologie (1)
- Astrobiology (1)
- Astrometrie (1)
- Astronomical instrumentation (1)
- Astronomy (1)
- Astronomy and astrophysics (1)
- Astronomy and planetary science (1)
- Astroparticle physics (1)
- Astrophotonics (1)
- Astroteilchen (1)
- Asymmetric warming (1)
- Asymptotic expansions (1)
- Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (1)
- Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation (1)
- Atlantischer Ozean (1)
- Atmospheric entry (1)
- Atmosphärenforschung (1)
- Atmosphärenmodellierung (1)
- Atom chip (1)
- Atom-Chips (1)
- Atom-Oberflächenwechselwirkung (1)
- Atomchip (1)
- Atomic Force Microscope (1)
- Atomoptik (1)
- Attraktorrekonstruktion (1)
- Au nano-particle (1)
- Au(111) (1)
- Au-Pd nanorods (1)
- Augenbewegungen (1)
- Auger decay (1)
- Auger electron spectroscop (1)
- Auger-Meitner electron spectroscopy (1)
- Ausbreitung (1)
- Ausbreitung der kosmischen Strahlung (1)
- Ausbreitung planetarer Wellen (1)
- Austausch zwischen zwei Spezies (1)
- Autokorrelation (1)
- Azobenenzen (1)
- Azobenzen (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- Azobenzene containing surfactant (1)
- Azobenzol enthaltende Moleküle (1)
- Azobenzol enthaltendes Tensid (1)
- Azobenzol-haltiges Tensid (1)
- Azobenzolhaltige Polymerfilme (1)
- BESSY II (1)
- BESSY II. (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES 0229+200, VER J0232+202) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES 0414+009, ERJ0416+011) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES 1959+650) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES 1959+650=VER J1959+651) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES1218+30.4) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (B2 1215+30, VER J1217+301) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (BL Lacertae = VER J2202+422) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (HESS J1943+213, VER J1943+213) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (PG 1553+113) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (PKS 1424+240)-cosmic background radiation (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (RBS 0413-VER J0319+187) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (RX J0648.7+1516, 1FGL J0648.8+1516, VER J0648+152) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (TXS 0506+056, VER J0509+057) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (VER J0521+211) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 1312-423 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 2322-409 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 2344+514=VERJ2347+517 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: AP Librae (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 501 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk501 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 1424+240 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: SHBL J001355.9-185406 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: lES 0229+200 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: lES 1101-232 (1)
- Backbone modifications (1)
- Bandenenergien (1)
- Bandenprofil (1)
- Barokline Instabilität (1)
- Baseline shift (1)
- Bastille Day geomagnetic storm (1)
- Bayesian Model Averaging (1)
- Bayessche Schätzer (1)
- Bayessche Statistik (1)
- Be-10 exposure dating (1)
- Beam dynamics (1)
- Beam-plasma instability (1)
- Begleitgalaxien (1)
- Bemessungshochwasser (1)
- Bending energy (1)
- Benetzungsübergang (1)
- Benzoic acids (1)
- Beobachtungen (1)
- Beobachtungen mit TESS (1)
- Bessel functions (1)
- Beta-eucryptite (1)
- Beugung niederenergetischer Elektronen (1)
- Beugungseffizienz (1)
- Bi-harmonic coupling function (1)
- Bi2Se3 (1)
- Bi2Te3 (1)
- Biegeenergie (1)
- Bifurcations (1)
- Bifurcations of tori (1)
- Bifurkationsanalyse (1)
- Bilanz (1)
- Bilayer solar cells (1)
- Bilddatenanalyse (1)
- Bilirubin oxidase (1)
- Bindungsinteraktion (1)
- Bio-Hybrid (1)
- Bio-Hybridsystem (1)
- Bio-electrochemical sensing (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biofilme (1)
- Biological Physics (1)
- Biomaterial (1)
- Biomechanics (1)
- Biomechanik (1)
- Biomembranen (1)
- Biomoleküle (1)
- Biopolymere (1)
- Biosignature (1)
- Bipolar (1)
- Bistability (1)
- Bistabilität (1)
- Black– Scholes model (1)
- Bleihalogenid-Perowskite (BHP) (1)
- Blickbewegungen (1)
- Bloch-Torrey equation (1)
- Blockcopolymere (1)
- Blocking (1)
- Blue stars (1)
- Bogoliubov theory (1)
- Bogoliubov-Theorie (1)
- Booster cavity (1)
- Boreal forest diebacks (1)
- Bose-Einstein Kondensation (1)
- Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) (1)
- Bose-Einstein-Kondensation (1)
- Bose-Hubbard model (1)
- Bosegas (1)
- Bosonic stimulation (1)
- Boundary value problem (1)
- Brain Code (1)
- Breathing chimera states (1)
- Brechungsindex von Azobenzol-haltigen Tensiden (1)
- Brillouin Streuung (1)
- Brillouin zone (BZ) (1)
- Brillouin-Zone (BZ) (1)
- Broadband synchronization (1)
- Brownian diffusion (1)
- Brownian motors (1)
- Brownian nanomachines (1)
- Bryophyte (1)
- Budgetstudie (1)
- Budgetstudien (1)
- Bugwellenschocks (1)
- Bulge (1)
- Bulk heterojunction (1)
- C-Fluss (1)
- C-Senke (1)
- CAL-72 osteoblasts (1)
- CALIPSO (1)
- CAPS (1)
- CDA (1)
- CH center dot center dot center dot F hydrogen bonds (1)
- CH3NH3SnI3 (1)
- CLSM (1)
- CM(-1) (1)
- CMAS (1)
- CMIP-5 (1)
- CO desorption (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CT (1)
- CT Komplex (1)
- CT complex (1)
- CVD (1)
- CZTSe (1)
- Caged compounds (1)
- Callisto (1)
- Capacitance spectroscopy (1)
- Capella (1)
- Capsule (1)
- Carbon fiber (1)
- Carbon nitride (1)
- Carbonfaser Herstellung (1)
- Carrier dynamics (1)
- Cartilage tissue engineering (1)
- Cascading (1)
- Casimir-Effekt (1)
- Casimir-Polder Wechselwirkung (1)
- Casimir-Polder-Interaktion (1)
- Cassini<Raumsonde> (1)
- Cassiopeia A (1)
- Catalysis (1)
- Cattaneo equation (1)
- Cauchy problem (1)
- Cavity quantum electrodynamics (1)
- Cavity-quantum electrodynamics (1)
- Ce/Zr (1)
- Cell fusion (1)
- Cell polarity (1)
- Cell-cell adhesion (1)
- Cells (1)
- Cellular polypropylene (PP) (1)
- Central Chile (1)
- Central asia (1)
- Cepstrum (1)
- Chain of van der Pol oscillators (1)
- Chalcopyrite (1)
- Chalkopyrit (1)
- Chaos spreading (1)
- Chaos synchronization (1)
- Chaostheorie (1)
- Chaotic System (1)
- Chaotic dynamics (1)
- Chaotische Dynamik (1)
- Chaotische Oszillationen (1)
- Chaotische Sattel (1)
- Characteristic function (1)
- Charakterisierung Planetenatmosphären (1)
- Charge Transport (1)
- Charge extraction (1)
- Charge generation (1)
- Charge separation (1)
- Charge stability (1)
- Charge storage and transport (1)
- Charge transport (1)
- Charge-Storage (1)
- Charge-transfer state (1)
- Charged Systems (1)
- Charging or poling (1)
- Chemical Abundances (1)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (1)
- Chemie-Transport-Modell (1)
- Chemodynamik der Milchstraße (1)
- Chemokinematik der Milchstraße (1)
- Chemotaxsis (1)
- Cherenkov Telescopes (1)
- Cherenkov radiation (1)
- Cherenkov showers (1)
- Cherenkov telescopes (1)
- Cherenkov-Schauern (1)
- Cherenkov-Teleskope (1)
- Chimera (1)
- Chimäre-Zustände (1)
- Chorus waves (1)
- Chromatin (1)
- Chromatin pairing (1)
- Chromhexacarbonyl (1)
- Chromosphere, active (1)
- Chromosphere, quiet (1)
- Chromosphäre (1)
- Churyumov-Gerasimenko (1)
- Circumgalactic Medium (1)
- Circumplanetary dust (1)
- Classroom management (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate modeling (1)
- Climate variability (1)
- Climatic tipping points (1)
- Climatology (1)
- Clock Tree Implementation (1)
- Cloze predictability (1)
- Cloze-Vorhersagbarkeit (1)
- Clustering (1)
- Cobalt thin film (1)
- Coherence-incoherence (1)
- Cohesive finite elements (1)
- Collision cross-section (1)
- Colombia (1)
- Colorimetric analysis (1)
- Comb model (1)
- Comb-lattice model (1)
- Comets composition (1)
- Comets nucleus (1)
- Compacton (1)
- Competencies (1)
- Complete Bernstein function (1)
- Completely monotone function (1)
- Complex (1)
- Complex Network (1)
- Composite fractional derivative (1)
- Composites (1)
- Composition (1)
- Compton and Pair Creation Telescope (1)
- Compton and pair creation telescope (1)
- Computed Tomography (1)
- Computertomography (1)
- ConCap (1)
- Conceptual model (1)
- Condensed matter physics (1)
- Conducting polymers (1)
- Confocal Raman microscopy (1)
- Conformational disorder (1)
- Conic compartments (1)
- Conjugated polymeric thin film (1)
- Conservation policy (1)
- Content Knowledge (1)
- Continuous Wavelet Spectral Analysis (1)
- Convection (1)
- Copper Phthalocyanine (1)
- Core-Collapse Supernovae (1)
- Core-hole clock (1)
- Coriolis Effekt (1)
- Coriolis effect (1)
- Corona (1)
- Coronal mass ejection (CME) (1)
- Coronal mass ejections (1)
- Coronal mass ejections, initiation and propagation (1)
- Correlation Analysis (1)
- Correlation function (1)
- Cosmic Antimatter (1)
- Cosmic Dust (1)
- Cosmic Rays (1)
- Cosmic-ray acceleration (1)
- Cosmogenic isotopes (1)
- Cosmogenic nuclides (1)
- Counterparts of gravitational waves (1)
- Coupled Systems (1)
- Covalent interaction (1)
- Crack detection (1)
- Creep (1)
- Critical freshwater threshold (1)
- Cross-Recurrence-Plot (1)
- Crossmodal matching (1)
- CryoSat-2 (1)
- Crystalline phases (1)
- Cu-Zn disorder (1)
- Cu2ZnSnSe4 (1)
- CuI (1)
- CuInS2 (1)
- Curie-transition (1)
- Cw electron beam (1)
- Cycle-averaged tilt angle (1)
- Cylindrical comb (1)
- Cytochrome c (1)
- D. discoideum (1)
- DAQ (1)
- DFB laser (1)
- DFB-Laser (1)
- DIC (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- DNA hybridization (1)
- DNA methylation (1)
- DNA supercoiling (1)
- DNA volume and persistent length (1)
- DNA-PAINT (1)
- DNA-Schädigung (1)
- DNA-protein binding (1)
- DNA-surfactant complexes (1)
- DNS (1)
- DNS-Bindungsproteine (1)
- Damage (1)
- Damped Lyman alpha (1)
- Data Analysis (1)
- Data acquisition (1)
- Data analysis (1)
- Data assimilation (1)
- Daten Analyse (1)
- Datenanalyse der Galaktischen Ebene (1)
- Dawn mission (1)
- Dawn-Mission (1)
- Decay semigroups (1)
- Decision Making under Ambiguity (1)
- Deep Learning (1)
- Deeper School Knowledge (1)
- Degradable polymer (1)
- Degradation of messenger RNA (1)
- Dehnung (1)
- Dehydrothermal cross linking (1)
- Deimos (1)
- Delphi study (1)
- Demografie des Schwarzen Lochs (1)
- Density functional theory (1)
- Depolymerisation (1)
- Design concepts (1)
- Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc) (1)
- Detergent (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Development of Content Knowledge (1)
- Dictyostelium cells (1)
- Dicytostelium (1)
- Dielectric elastomer (1)
- Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) (1)
- Dielectric hysteresis (1)
- Dielectric polymer (1)
- Dielektrikum (1)
- Dielektrische Elastomeraktoren (1)
- Dielektrische Funktion (1)
- Dielektrische Nichtlinearitäten (1)
- Dielektrische Spektroskopie (1)
- Dielektrophorese (1)
- Differential Code Biases (DCB) (1)
- Differentielle Rotation (1)
- Diffraction (1)
- Diffraktion (1)
- Diffuse Radiation (1)
- Diffuse Strahlung (1)
- Diffuse radiation (1)
- Diffusion NMR (1)
- Diffusion coefficients (1)
- Diffusion kosmischer Strahlung (1)
- Diffusioosmose (1)
- Diffusioosmosis (1)
- Dilational rheology (1)
- Diodenlaser (1)
- Dip-Dotierung (1)
- Diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (1)
- Diphenyl-oxadiazoles (1)
- Direct searches (1)
- Disaggregation (1)
- Disaster impact analysis (1)
- Disks (1)
- Dislocation motion (1)
- Disorder (1)
- Disperse dyes (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Dispersion force (1)
- Dispersionsrelationen (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Distributed order diffusion-wave equations (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Domänen (1)
- Domänenwandbewegung (1)
- Donator-Akzeptor-Copolymere (1)
- Donor materials (1)
- Doped semiconductors (1)
- Doppelsterne (1)
- Doppler Imaging (1)
- Doppler imaging (1)
- Dosimetrie (1)
- Dotierung (1)
- Double-jet (1)
- Drehimpulsverlust (1)
- Driving mechanism (1)
- Dronning Maud Land (1)
- Drop profile analysis tensiometry (1)
- Druckgradient (1)
- Drude model (1)
- Dunkler Materie (1)
- Durchmusterung (1)
- Dust dynamics (1)
- Dust sources and sinks (1)
- Dye transfer (1)
- Dynamic loading (1)
- Dynamical Systems (1)
- Dynamical invariants (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- Dynamik der Atmosphäre (1)
- Dynamik in rumpfangeregten Zuständen (1)
- Dynamische Modellierung (1)
- Dynamoeffekt (1)
- Dysprosium (1)
- Dünn film (1)
- Dünnschichten (1)
- Dünnung (1)
- E-ring (1)
- E.coli (1)
- EAP (1)
- EBSD (1)
- ECIS (1)
- EDXRD (1)
- EEG (1)
- EMIC waves (1)
- EOF (1)
- ESA cosmic vision (1)
- EULAG Model (1)
- Early Universe (1)
- Earth System trajectories (1)
- East Africa (1)
- Echo-State Netzwerk (1)
- Ecological-economic modelling (1)
- Econophysics (1)
- Edit-Distanz (1)
- Edwards-Anderson order parameter (1)
- Effect of sintering (1)
- Effekt (1)
- Efficiency optimization (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Einbettung (1)
- Eindimensionaler Festkörper (1)
- Einfluß des Sonnenwindes und des interplanetaren magnetischen Feldes (1)
- Einschlagskrater (1)
- Einschlagssimulation (1)
- Einstein's field equations (1)
- Einsteins Feldgleichungen (1)
- Einzel-Objekt-Nachweis (1)
- Einzelmolekül-Biosensor (1)
- Einzelmolekülspektroskopie (1)
- Einzelzellanalyse (1)
- Eisbergkalbung (1)
- Eisbohrkern (1)
- Eisen (1)
- Eisenpentacarbonyl (1)
- Eisrinne (1)
- Eisschildmodellierung (1)
- El Niño (1)
- El Niño Phänomen (1)
- El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (1)
- El Niño-Südliche Oszillation (1)
- El-Niño-Phänomen (1)
- Elastizität (1)
- Elastizitätstheorie (1)
- Electric polarization (1)
- Electric potential (1)
- Electrical insulation (1)
- Electrical monitoring (1)
- Electrical properties (1)
- Electrical properties and parameters (1)
- Electro-active and electro-passive dielectrics (1)
- Electroactive material (1)
- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Electrodes (1)
- Electromagnetic Theory (1)
- Electromagnetic waves (1)
- Electron acceleration (1)
- Electron back-scattered diffraction (1)
- Electron populations (1)
- Electron transfer (1)
- Electron traps (1)
- Electron-phonon coupling (1)
- Electronic properties (1)
- Electronic properties and materials (1)
- Electronic structure (1)
- Electronics, photonics and device physics (1)
- Electrospray ionization (1)
- Electrostatic screening (1)
- Electrostatics (1)
- Elektretfolie (1)
- Elektroaktive Materialien (1)
- Elektrolyte (1)
- Elektronen (1)
- Elektronen-Geschwindigkeitsverteilungen (1)
- Elektronenrückstreubeugung (1)
- Elektronische Eigenschaft (1)
- Elementarteilchen (1)
- Eliassen Palm Flux (1)
- Eliassen-Palm-Fluss (1)
- Elliptic complex (1)
- Embedding (1)
- Emissionslinien-Galaxie (1)
- Emissionslinienklassifikation (1)
- Energetic disorder (1)
- Energie (1)
- Energieausbreitung (1)
- Energiebilanzmodell (1)
- Energiehaushalt (1)
- Energieschätzung (1)
- Energy (1)
- Energy science and technology (1)
- Energy-dispersive Laue diffraction (1)
- Energy-level alignment (1)
- Ensemble-Simulation (1)
- Ensemblesimulationen (1)
- Entfernungen (1)
- Entstehung von Galaxien (1)
- Entwicklung von Galaxien (1)
- Enzymatic degradation (1)
- Epidemic spreading models (1)
- Epidemien (1)
- Epoxy resin (1)
- Epoxy resins (1)
- Equilibrium (1)
- Erdbebenvorhersage (1)
- Erdsystem Modellierung (1)
- Erhebungsinstrument (1)
- Escherichia-coli (1)
- Eta Carinae (1)
- Eukaryotic chemotaxis (1)
- Europa (1)
- European Arctic (1)
- European storm-time model (1)
- Europäische Arktis (1)
- Event synchronization (1)
- Evolution der Milchstraße (1)
- Evolutionen (1)
- Excitable dynamics (1)
- Excitable systems (1)
- Excited-state calculations; (1)
- Excitonic interactions (1)
- Exoplanetenatmosphären (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Experimental Physics (1)
- Experimental techniques (1)
- Experimentalphysik (1)
- Experimente (1)
- Experimentierkompetenz (1)
- Experimentierzyklus (1)
- Explainable AI (1)
- External quantum efficiency (1)
- Extragalactic astronomy (1)
- Extrasolare Planeten (1)
- Extreme precipitation (1)
- Extremniederschläge (1)
- Extremotolerant (1)
- Extremum seeking (1)
- Exziton-Dissoziation (1)
- F-region dynamo currents (1)
- FARIMA (1)
- FELS (1)
- FRAP (1)
- Fachdidaktik (1)
- Fachwissensentwicklung (1)
- False negative (1)
- False positive (1)
- Faltung von Proteinen (1)
- Faltungsdynamik (1)
- Faserkopplung (1)
- Fe-Ni-Meteorite (1)
- Fe2TiO5 (1)
- Feedback (1)
- Feedback control (1)
- Feld (1)
- Feld-Effekt-Transistoren (1)
- Femtosekundenlaser-Bearbeitungsmethode (1)
- Fensteransatz (1)
- Fermi-LAT (1)
- Fermi-level alignment (1)
- Fermi-level pinning (1)
- Ferroelectret (1)
- Ferroelectric polarization (1)
- Ferroelectric polymer (1)
- Ferroelectrics (1)
- Ferroelektrik (1)
- Ferroelektrische Polymere (1)
- Ferroelektrizität (1)
- Ferromagnetismus (1)
- Feshbach resonance (1)
- Festkörperlaser (1)
- Festkörperphysik (1)
- Feuchtesensor (1)
- Fiber-reinforced concrete (1)
- Fibre-fed spectroscopy (1)
- Field emission (1)
- Field-effect (1)
- Field-emission-based quasi continuous-wave electron beam (1)
- Filament-Bündel (1)
- Filaments (1)
- Finite Differenzen (1)
- Finsler geometry (1)
- Fixation (1)
- Flagellenbewegung (1)
- Flare (1)
- Flarephysik (1)
- Flares (1)
- Flares, dynamics (1)
- Flashing ratchets (1)
- Flexible membrane (1)
- Flims (1)
- Flooding probability (1)
- Flow (1)
- Flugzeug Lidar (1)
- Fluktuationen (1)
- Fluktuations-Dissipations-Theorem (1)
- Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescence quantum yield (1)
- Fluoreszenz-Mikroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenzfluktuationsspektroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenzproteine (1)
- Fluorpolymere (1)
- Flussfotolyse (1)
- Flüssigkristall (1)
- Flüssigkristalle (1)
- Fokalkontakt (1)
- Fokker-Planck equations (1)
- Fokker-Planck-Smoluchowski equation (1)
- Fokker– Planck equation (1)
- Force Field Optimization (1)
- Forcemyography (1)
- Forecasting (1)
- Formgleichungen von Vesikeln (1)
- Forschend Entdeckendes Lernen (1)
- Fortbildung (1)
- Forward and reverse shocks (1)
- Fouriertransformation (1)
- Fox H-functions (1)
- Fractal (1)
- Fractal dimension (1)
- Fractals (1)
- Fractional Brownian motion (1)
- Fractional calculus (primary) (1)
- Fractional diffusion equation (1)
- Fraktale (1)
- Free Electron Laser (1)
- Free carrier generation (1)
- Free electron laser (1)
- Free-electron laser (1)
- Free-electron-laser science (1)
- Freie Elektronen Laser (1)
- Frequenzanalyse (1)
- Frequenzstabilisierung (1)
- Fusion crust (1)
- GEANT4 modeling (1)
- GISAXS (1)
- GMR sensors (1)
- GPS and Glonass (1)
- GRACE-FO (1)
- Gadolinium (1)
- Galactic Archaeology (1)
- Galactic Ring Survey (1)
- Galactic archaeology (1)
- Galactic plane data analysis (1)
- Galaktisches Zentrum (1)
- Galaxie: allgemein (1)
- Galaxien bei hoher Rotverschiebung (1)
- Galaxien: Evolution (1)
- Galaxien: Kinematik und Dynamik (1)
- Galaxien: Statistiken (1)
- Galaxienbalken (1)
- Galaxienbulges (1)
- Galaxiendynamik (1)
- Galaxienentstehung (1)
- Galaxienphysik (1)
- Galaxienstruktur (1)
- Galaxies (1)
- Galaxies: high-redshift (1)
- Galaxies: interactions (1)
- Galaxy (1)
- Galaxy Struktur (1)
- Galaxy: abundances (1)
- Galaxy: centre (1)
- Galaxy: general (1)
- Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics (1)
- Gamma ray astronomy (1)
- Gamma rays: General (1)
- Gamma-Ray Bursts (1)
- Gamma-Strahlen (1)
- Gamma-ray bursts (1)
- GammaLib/ctools (1)
- Gammastrahlen: allgemein (1)
- Ganglion (1)
- Ganymede (1)
- Gardner equation (1)
- Geige (1)
- Gelatin-NaCMC (1)
- Gelatin-NaPAA composites (1)
- Gelatin-PLGA Scaffold (1)
- General Relativity (1)
- Generalized Langevin equation (1)
- Generic modelling (1)
- Generierung freier Ladungsträger (1)
- Genetik (1)
- Genetisches Programmieren (1)
- Genregulation (1)
- Geochemistry (1)
- Geodynamo (1)
- Geomagnetic activity (1)
- Geomagnetische Aktivität (1)
- Gewebewachstum (1)
- Gezeitenwechselwirkungen (1)
- Gitter (1)
- Gittermodelle (1)
- Gitterstreuung (1)
- Glaciation (1)
- Glaciation Central Asia (1)
- Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) (1)
- Global coupling (1)
- Global supply chains (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Gold-Nanopartikel (1)
- Gold@polydopamine (1)
- Goldsubstrat (1)
- Gompertz growth function (1)
- Gradient Boosting (1)
- Grain-size distributions (1)
- Granite (1)
- Granular chain (1)
- Graphentheorie (1)
- Gratings (1)
- Gravitation (1)
- Gravitational Wave (1)
- Gravitational Waves (1)
- Gravitationskollaps (1)
- Gravitationswellenastronomie (1)
- Green formulas (1)
- Green function (1)
- Green's function (1)
- Grenzflächen (1)
- Grenzflächenrekombination (1)
- Grenzschicht (1)
- Grimmia sp (1)
- Ground based gamma ray astronomy (1)
- Grunwald-Letnikov approximation (1)
- Gruppenfeldtheorie (1)
- Grönland (1)
- HAT-P-16 (1)
- HESS (1)
- HESS Galactic Plane Survey (1)
- HESS J1825-137 gamma-rays (1)
- HRTEM (1)
- HTL (1)
- Haake-Lewenstein-Wilkens approach (1)
- Habitabilität (1)
- Halbleiter / Kristallgitter / Verzerrung / Röntgenbeugung / Synchrotronstrahlung (1)
- Half-center oscillator (1)
- Halo (1)
- Halo der Milchstraße (1)
- Halogenbindung (1)
- Halophile Proteine (1)
- Halophilic proteins (1)
- Hamilton (1)
- Hamiltonian (1)
- Haptics (1)
- Heat Transfer (1)
- Heavy-tails (1)
- Helium (1)
- Helizität (1)
- Hermite polynomial expansion (1)
- Heteroclinic cycle (1)
- Heterogeneous (1)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- Heterogenität (1)
- Heusler-Legierung (1)
- Heusler-alloy (1)
- Hexagonal grid (1)
- Hierarchical Design (1)
- Higgs boson (1)
- High specific surface area (1)
- High transmission micro focus beamline (1)
- High-Energy Astrophysics (1)
- High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy (1)
- High-impact polystyrene (1)
- Hilbert Scales (1)
- Hilbert-Transformation (1)
- Histon-DNS-Komplex (1)
- Histone-DNA Complexes (1)
- Hitzewellen (1)
- Hochenergiephysik (1)
- Hochgeschwindigkeitswolken (1)
- Hochleistungscomputer (1)
- Hochvakuum (1)
- Hodgkin-Huxley model (1)
- Hofmeister (1)
- Hohlraum-Quantenelektrodynamik (1)
- Hohlraumeffekte (1)
- Holocene extension (1)
- Holografie (1)
- Holographie (1)
- Holozän (1)
- Homology (1)
- Humic substance (1)
- Hurricane Sandy (1)
- Hurst exponent (1)
- Hurst-Exponent (1)
- Hybrid materials (1)
- Hybrid solar cells (1)
- Hydroclimate (1)
- Hydrodynamischer Fluss (1)
- Hydrodynamisches Modell (1)
- Hydrogen activation (1)
- Hydrolyse (1)
- Hydrolytic degradation (1)
- Hydrophobic and hydrophillic interactions (1)
- Hyperbolic chaos (1)
- Hypernetwork (1)
- Hyperschall (1)
- Hyperschall Propagation (1)
- Hyperschnellläufersterne (1)
- Hypothesis Test (1)
- ICLIPS (1)
- ICON (1)
- IGM (1)
- IMAGE EUV (1)
- IMPTAM (1)
- IN718 (1)
- IR ellipsometry (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- IR-MALDI (1)
- ISM: Supernova remnants (1)
- ISM: Turbulence (1)
- ISM: Turbulenz (1)
- ISM: general (1)
- ISM: individual objects (Crab Nebula) (1)
- ISM: individual objects (G120.1+01.4, Tycho=VER J0025+641) (1)
- ISM: individual objects (LMC N11) (1)
- ISM: individual objects (RX J1713.7-3946) (1)
- ISM: individual objects (RX J1713.7-3946, G347.3-0.5) (1)
- ISM: individual objects (SNR G338.3-0.0, SNR G338.5+0.1) (1)
- ISM: individual objects: Crab nebula (1)
- ISM: individual objects: HESS J1832-093 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: IRAS 20286+4105 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: M 42 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: Puppis A (1)
- ISM: individual objects: SNR G1.9+0.3 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: SNR G22.7-0.2 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: SNR G330.2+1.0 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: Tarantula Nebula (30 Doradus Nebula) (1)
- ISM: individual objects: Tycho's SNR (1)
- IZO (1)
- Ice core (1)
- Ices (1)
- Identifikation (1)
- Imprecise Probability (1)
- Impurity segregation (1)
- In-situ (1)
- In-situ Rasterkraftmikroskopie (1)
- Inconel 718 (1)
- India (1)
- Indien (1)
- Indirect searches (1)
- Indischer Sommer-Monsun (1)
- Information (1)
- Information coding (1)
- Infrared observations (1)
- Infrared radiation (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Infrarot (1)
- Infrarot Spektroskopie (1)
- Inhibitory neurons (1)
- Initiation and propagation (1)
- Inlandeis (1)
- Innere Magnetosphäre (1)
- Instabilität (1)
- Instabilitäten (1)
- Instabiltät (1)
- Instructional quality (1)
- Instrumental effects (1)
- Instrumente: Polarimeter (1)
- Instrumente: Spektrographen (1)
- Instrumentierung (1)
- Insulators (1)
- Integrale Feldspektroskopie (1)
- Integralfeld-Spectroskopie (1)
- Integralfeld-Spektroskopie (1)
- Integralfeldspektroskopie (1)
- Integrated Kalman filter (1)
- Integrated spectrograph (1)
- Inter-hemispheric (1)
- Interaction (1)
- Interaction of radiation with matter (1)
- Interaktion (1)
- Interdisciplinary Physics (1)
- Interface (1)
- Interface dipole (1)
- Interface-Engineering (1)
- Interfaces (1)
- Interfacial molecular interaction (1)
- Interfacial strength (1)
- Interfacial tension (1)
- Interferometer (1)
- Interior (1)
- Interlayer (1)
- Intermittency (1)
- Intermolecular deactivation (1)
- Intermolekulare Desaktivierung (1)
- Internal stress (1)
- Interplanetary dust (1)
- Interpretation (1)
- Interstellare Materie (1)
- Interstellares Medium (1)
- Intervallwahrscheinlichkeit (1)
- Intrachain order (1)
- Intragap states (1)
- Intramolecular deactivation (1)
- Intrinsically disordered protein (1)
- Invariance (1)
- Invarianz (1)
- Inversanalyse (1)
- Inverted solar cells (1)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (1)
- Ionenspezifisch (1)
- Ionenverteilungen (1)
- Ionic Self-Assembly (1)
- Ionisches Tensid (1)
- Ionosphere (1)
- Ionospheric monitoring and modeling (1)
- Ionosphäre (1)
- Ir(111) (1)
- Isomerisierung Kinetik (1)
- Isotroper schneller Modus Turbulenzen (1)
- Iterative Airborne Lidar Inversion (1)
- Iterative reconstruction (1)
- Jahreszeitenvorhersage (1)
- Janus Partikel (1)
- Janus colloids (1)
- Janus gels (1)
- Janus particle (1)
- Janus-Kolloid (1)
- Jetstream (1)
- Josephson junction (1)
- Junction model (1)
- K-Kanten Weichröntgenspektroskopie (1)
- K-edge soft X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Kalibrierung von Spektrografen (1)
- Kalman Filter (1)
- Kalman-Filter (1)
- Kapella (1)
- Kaskade (1)
- Kaskadenrate (1)
- Kegelförmige Geometrien (1)
- Keimbildung (1)
- Keimbildung und Wachstum (1)
- Kelvin probe (1)
- Kern-Kollaps-Supernovae (1)
- Khalerchinskaya tundra (1)
- Kinematik (1)
- Kinesthetic representations (1)
- Kinetics of photoisomerization (1)
- Kinetik (1)
- Kippelement (1)
- Kippkaskade (1)
- Kleinwinkelröntgenstreuung (1)
- Klima / Umweltschutz (1)
- Klimadaten (1)
- Klimafolgen (1)
- Klimafolgenforschung (1)
- Klimamodell (1)
- Klimamodell mittlerer Komplexität (1)
- Klimanetzwerke (1)
- Klimaphysik (1)
- Klimaprognose (1)
- Klimasensitivität (1)
- Klimavariabilität (1)
- Klimawirkungsfunktionen (1)
- Knickinstabilität (1)
- Knochen (1)
- Knospung (1)
- Kobalt (1)
- Kobalt-Dünnfilm (1)
- Kohlenstoff-Isotopen-Verhältnis (1)
- Kohlenstoffzyklus (1)
- Kohnen (1)
- Kohärenz (1)
- Kohärenz-Analyse (1)
- Kohärenztheorie (1)
- Kollisionsdynamik (1)
- Kolloid / Lösung (1)
- Kolloidphysik (1)
- Kompetenzerwerb (1)
- Komplex (1)
- Komplexe Netzwerke (1)
- Komplexes Netzwerk (1)
- Konformationsselektion (1)
- Konjugierte Polymere (1)
- Konjugierten polyelektrolyt (1)
- Kontaktschichten (1)
- Kontrastwerte (1)
- Kontrolltheorie (1)
- Konvektion (1)
- Konzentration (1)
- Konzeption (1)
- Kopplung zwischen Magnetosphäre, Ionosphäre und Thermosphäre (1)
- Kopplungs-Analyse (1)
- Korngrößenverteilungen (1)
- Kosmischer Staub (1)
- Kosmologie: Beobachtungen (1)
- Kp-Index (1)
- Kraftdipol (1)
- Kraftdipole (1)
- Kraftfeld Optimierung (1)
- Kraftmikroskopie (1)
- Kristallstruktur (1)
- Kugelsternhaufen (1)
- Kupferphthalocyanin (1)
- Kuramoto Modell (1)
- Kuramoto Oscillators (1)
- Kuramoto-Oszillatore (1)
- Kurzzeitspektroskopie mit optischer Anregung und Röntgendetektion (1)
- Körperschall (1)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (1)
- L-929 fibroblasts (1)
- L-edge spectroscopy (1)
- LAEs (1)
- LCST behavior (1)
- LDDO (1)
- LEED (1)
- LHC (1)
- LIGO (1)
- LLG equation (1)
- LLS (1)
- LOFAR (1)
- LSTM (1)
- Labialpfeife (1)
- Labradorsee ; Thermohaline Konvektion ; Stochastisches Modell (1)
- Ladungsgenerierung (1)
- Ladungsrekombination (1)
- Ladungsspeicherung (1)
- Ladungsspeicherung und -transport (1)
- Ladungsträger (1)
- Ladungsträgerdynamik (1)
- Ladungsträgerrekombination (1)
- Lagrangian statistics (1)
- Lakunen (1)
- Land use (1)
- Land-sea thermal contrast (1)
- Landslide (1)
- Langmuir (1)
- Langmuir monolayer (1)
- Lanthanides (1)
- Large deviation statistics (1)
- Large-scale Structure (1)
- Larsen Ice Shelf (1)
- Laser (1)
- Laser resonators (1)
- Laser spectroscopy (1)
- Last Glacial Maximum (1)
- Late embryogenesis abundant protein (1)
- Latent Semantic Analysis (1)
- Latente-Semantische-Analyse (1)
- Lax-Phillips theory (1)
- Layer-by-layer (1)
- Leerlaufspannung (1)
- Legierung (1)
- Lehramtsstudent (1)
- Lehrer (1)
- Lehrerfortbildung (1)
- Leistungsspektrum (1)
- Leitfähigkeit (1)
- Leitplankenansatz (1)
- Leitungsbandstruktur (1)
- Lernumgebung (1)
- Letztes Glaziales Maximum (1)
- Levy flight (1)
- Levy foraging hypothesis (1)
- Lewis acid doping (1)
- Lewis-Säure Dotierung (1)
- Licht-Materie-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Life cycle assessment (1)
- Ligand-field state (1)
- Ligands (1)
- Light induced diffusioosmotic flow (1)
- Light-Matter Coupling (1)
- Light-harvesting complex (1)
- Line Suche (1)
- Linear theory (1)
- Linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) (1)
- Lipid bilayer (1)
- Lipide (1)
- Lipidmembran (1)
- Liquid Jet (1)
- Liquid crystal (1)
- Liquids (1)
- Local density of states (1)
- Local spectroscopy (1)
- Localization (1)
- Localization regime (1)
- Long-range bridging (1)
- Long-range dependence (1)
- Longitudinal Analysis (1)
- Loop-Quantengravitation (1)
- Low Earth Orbit (1)
- Low Energy Electron Diffraction (1)
- Low band-gap (1)
- Low carbon steel (1)
- Low voltage losses (1)
- Luftmassentransport (1)
- Lyapunov exponents (1)
- Lyapunov-Exponenten (1)
- Lyman Kontinuum (1)
- Lyman alpha (1)
- Lyman continuum (1)
- Lyman-Alpha-Emitter (1)
- Lyman-alpha emitters (1)
- Lysozyme (1)
- Längschnitt (1)
- Längsschnittuntersuchung (1)
- Lösung (1)
- Lösungsassemblierung (1)
- Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit (1)
- MATROSHKA-R (1)
- MBE (1)
- MD simulations (1)
- MD-Simulationen (1)
- MHD ; Röntgenstrahlung ; Jets ; AGN ; Mikro-Quasare (1)
- MHD ; X-rays ; Jets ; AGN ; Microquasars (1)
- MHD-Simulationen (1)
- MHD-Simulations (1)
- MHD-equations (1)
- MOPA (1)
- MRI (1)
- Machine learning control (1)
- Magellanic Cloud (1)
- Magellansche Wolken (1)
- Magnesiumoxid (1)
- Magnetfeld-Satellit (1)
- Magnetfelderzeugung (1)
- Magnetic field amplification (1)
- Magnetic field measurements (1)
- Magnetic fields (1)
- Magnetic stray field (1)
- Magnetische Felder (1)
- Magnetische Feldmessungen (1)
- Magneto-Optik (1)
- Magnetoelastizität (1)
- Magnetokonvektion (1)
- Magnetometer-Kalibrierung (1)
- Magnetosomen-Ketten (1)
- Magnetosphere (1)
- Magnetospheres (1)
- Magnetospheric physics (1)
- Magnetostriktion (1)
- Major mergers (1)
- Makroökonomische Modellierung (1)
- Mannigfaltigkeiten (1)
- Markarian 421 (1)
- Markov additive processes (1)
- Markov process (1)
- Markov state models (1)
- Markov-Prozess (1)
- Markov-Prozesse (1)
- Markowketten (1)
- Mass spectroscopy (1)
- Massenaussterben (1)
- Massenbewegungen (1)
- Massenbewegungsgeschwindigkeiten (1)
- Massenverlust (1)
- Massive stars (1)
- Master-Gleichungen (1)
- Mastergleichung (1)
- Material (1)
- Materialeigenschaften (1)
- Materialeinflüsse (1)
- Mathematikdidaktik (1)
- Maule 2010 earthquake (1)
- Maximum likelihood estimation (1)
- Mean-field Theorie (1)
- Mechanical alloying (1)
- Mechanische Eigenschaft (1)
- Mechanosensitive proteins (1)
- Mechanosensitiven Proteine (1)
- Mechanosensor (1)
- Mechanotransduktion (1)
- Mediation-model (1)
- Meereis (1)
- Meeresspiegel (1)
- Mehrfachstreuung (1)
- Mehrschichtsystem (1)
- Mehrschichtsysteme (1)
- Mehrstoffsystem (1)
- Mellin transform (1)
- Melting experiments (1)
- Membran-Adhäsionskräfte (1)
- Membranadhäsion (1)
- Membrane Fusion (1)
- Membrane fusion (1)
- Membrane stability (1)
- Membrane tension (1)
- Membranen (1)
- Membranröhrchen (1)
- Membranspannung (1)
- Memory device (1)
- Memory effects (1)
- Meridional overturning circulation (1)
- Messung (1)
- Metal (1)
- Metal Halide Perovskites (1)
- Metal Halogenid Perowskiten (1)
- Metal complexation (1)
- Metal matrix composite (1)
- Metal-poor stars (1)
- Metall (1)
- Metall-Isolator-Halbleiter (1)
- Metall/Graphen/Polymer Grenzfläch (1)
- Metallarme Sterne (1)
- Metalle der seltenen Erden (1)
- Metals (1)
- Meteorites (1)
- Meteorologie (1)
- Methoden: Datenauswertung (1)
- Methoden: analytisch (1)
- Methoden: numerisch (1)
- Methoden: statistisch (1)
- Meyer-Neldel-Regel (1)
- Meyer-Neldel-rule (1)
- MgO nanoparticles (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Microcracked ceramics (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Micromechanical modeling (1)
- Micromechanical schemes (1)
- Micropipette aspiration (1)
- Micropipetten (1)
- Microschwimmer (1)
- Microscopic charcoal (1)
- Microscopic morphology (1)
- Microstructure (1)
- Microstructure and (1)
- Microstructure and texture (1)
- Microwave processing (1)
- Mid-temperature transition (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrogravitationslinseneffekt (1)
- Mikrokanal (1)
- Mikrokapsel (1)
- Mikrolensing (1)
- Mikrometeorologie (1)
- Mikrosakkaden (1)
- Mikroschwimmer (1)
- Mikroskopie (1)
- Milchstrasse (1)
- Milchstrassenmasse (1)
- Milky Way Halo (1)
- Milky Way chemo-kinematics (1)
- Milky Way chemodynamics (1)
- Milky Way formation (1)
- Min-Proteine (1)
- Min-proteins (1)
- Mineralisierung (1)
- Minerals (1)
- Minimax convergence rates (1)
- Mischphasenwolken (1)
- Mischung (1)
- Mittag-Leffler (1)
- Mittag-Leffler function (1)
- Mitteltemperaturübergang (1)
- Mixed adsorption layers (1)
- Mixing (1)
- MoS₂ (1)
- Mobility imbalance (1)
- Mobility relaxation (1)
- Modal expansion method (1)
- Model ligand (1)
- Model structural error (1)
- Modelierung (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modellieren (1)
- Modellierung der internationalen Migration (1)
- Modellkopplung (1)
- Moden Stabilität (1)
- Modenkopplung (1)
- Modenstabilität (1)
- Modifikationsphase (1)
- Moisture change (1)
- Molar water content (1)
- Molecular Aging (1)
- Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1)
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation (1)
- Molecular clouds (1)
- Molecular crowding (1)
- Molecular motors (1)
- Molecular structure (1)
- Molekulardynamische Simulation (1)
- Molekulare Motoren (1)
- Molekulares Altern (1)
- Molekularstrahlepitaxie (1)
- Moleküldynamik (1)
- Molybdenum sulfide monolayer (1)
- Molybdänsulfid Monolagen (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monolage (1)
- Monolayer (1)
- Monomolecular reaction (1)
- Monopolar (1)
- Monoschichten (1)
- Monsun-Unterbrechungen (1)
- Monte Carlo (1)
- Monte Carlo simulation (1)
- Monte Carlo simulations (1)
- Monte-Carlo-Simulationen (1)
- Moon (1)
- Moonlets (1)
- Moonlight (1)
- Moran effect (1)
- Moran-Effekt (1)
- Morawetz estimate (1)
- Morawetz-Schätzung (1)
- Motility-Assay (1)
- Motivation (1)
- Motorgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Motorik (1)
- Motorzyklus (1)
- Multi-Botenteilchen Astronomie (1)
- Multi-Spektrum-Regularisierung (1)
- Multi-branch entrainment (1)
- Multi-dimensional Markovian embedding of non-Markovian dynamics (1)
- Multi-object spectroscopy (1)
- Multilayer graphene (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multimode fibres (1)
- Multiphase composites (1)
- Multiple Scattering (1)
- Multiple trapping model (1)
- Multipolare Gravitationswellenformen (1)
- Multiproteinkomplexbildung (1)
- Multiskale (1)
- Multistability (1)
- Multistabilität (1)
- Multivariate Analyse (1)
- Multivariate Statistics (1)
- Multivariate Statistik (1)
- Multiwavelength Observations of the Universe (1)
- Musikinstrumente (1)
- Musterbildung (1)
- Musterskalierung (1)
- Muttergalaxien (1)
- N400 (1)
- NGC 1786 (1)
- NGC 1898 (1)
- NGC 2516 (1)
- NGC 3532 (1)
- NLP (1)
- NM (1)
- NMR (1)
- NTCM (1)
- Nano-Elektroden (1)
- Nano-dielectrics (1)
- Nanocomposites (1)
- Nanofluid (1)
- Nanograin charge (1)
- Nanograins (1)
- Nanokomposite (1)
- Nanomaterialien (1)
- Nanoreactor (1)
- Nanostructure (1)
- Nanofluid (1)
- Natural Language Processing (1)
- Natural satellites (1)
- Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- Near infra-red (1)
- Near-Field Optics (1)
- Near-field thermal radiation (1)
- Neigungswinkel (1)
- Network (1)
- Network inference (1)
- Networks (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- Netzwerk Inferenz (1)
- Netzwerk Rekonstruktion (1)
- Netzwerktheorie (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Neural networks (1)
- Neuronal synchrony (1)
- Neuronale Netze (1)
- Neuronale Synchronisation (1)
- Neuronsreliabilität (1)
- Neurooscillators (1)
- Neutronendiffraktion (1)
- Neutronensterne (1)
- Neutronreflektometrie (1)
- Next generation Cherenkov telescopes (1)
- Ni(111) (1)
- Nicht-Isochronizität (1)
- Nicht-Langevin-Systeme (1)
- Nichtexponentieller Zerfall von mRNA (1)
- Nichtgleichgewichts-Phasenübergang (1)
- Nichtlinear angeregte Fluoreszenz (1)
- Nichtlineare Mikroskopie (1)
- Nichtlineare Optik (1)
- Nichtlineare Systeme (1)
- Nichtlineare Wellen (1)
- Nichtlineare Zeitreihenanalyse ; Signalanalyse - Polbewegung ; Chandler-Periode ; Nichtlineares Phänomen (1)
- Nichtlineares dynamisches System / Harmonische Analyse / Fraktal (1)
- Nickel-based (1)
- Nickel-based superalloy (1)
- Node degree distribution (1)
- Noether theorem (1)
- Noise (1)
- Noisy oscillators (1)
- Non-Gaussian (1)
- Non-Langevin systems (1)
- Non-Markovian processes (1)
- Non-exponential mRNA decay (1)
- Non-fullerene acceptors (1)
- Non-geminate recombination (1)
- Non-linear analysis (1)
- Non-linear dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- Non-perturbative analysis (1)
- Non-thermal radiation sources (1)
- Nonaqueous sol-gel (1)
- Noncommutative geometry (1)
- Nonisochronicity (1)
- Nonlinear X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Nonlinear analysis (1)
- Nonlinear dynamics (1)
- Nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain (1)
- Nonlinear waves (1)
- Nonlinearity (1)
- Nonradiative recombination (1)
- Nordatlantik (1)
- North Atlantic (1)
- North Atlantic variability (1)
- Northern sinking (1)
- Nuclear Astrophysics (1)
- Nuclear physics (1)
- Nucleosynthesis (1)
- Nukleobasen (1)
- Numerical simulations (1)
- Numerische Relativitätstheorie (1)
- Numerisches Verfahren (1)
- OFET (1)
- OGLE (1)
- OLEDs (1)
- Oberflächen-Brillouin-Zone (OBZ) (1)
- Oberflächenassemblierung (1)
- Oberflächenemissivität (1)
- Oberflächenfluss (1)
- Oberflächenphysik (1)
- Oberflächenstrukturen (1)
- Oberflächenzustände (1)
- Observations (1)
- Observing methods (1)
- Ocean (1)
- Odor discrimination (1)
- Olfactory system (1)
- On-Sky-Tests (1)
- Open-circuit voltage (1)
- Optical modeling (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Optimal control (1)
- Optimierung (1)
- Opto-mechanically induced scission of polymer chains (1)
- Opto-mechanische Spannungen (1)
- Optoelectronic devices and components (1)
- Optoelectronic properties (1)
- Optoelectronics (1)
- Organic FeFET (1)
- Organic LEDs (1)
- Organic Semiconductors (1)
- Organic Solar Cell (1)
- Organic TFT (1)
- Organic matter (1)
- Organic thermoelectrics (1)
- Organische Halbleiter (1)
- Orgelpfeifen (1)
- Orion A giant molecular cloud (1)
- Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process (1)
- Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Prozess (1)
- Ortsauflösende Spektrofotometrie (1)
- Oscillation (1)
- Oscillator populations (1)
- Oscillators (1)
- Ott - Antonsen reduction (1)
- Ott-Antonsen equation (1)
- Ott-Antonsen reduction (1)
- Ott-Antonsen theory (1)
- Ott–Antonsen equation (1)
- Overturning sensitivity (1)
- Oxadiazolderivate ; Kristallstruktur ; Hochdruck ; UV-VIS-Spektroskopie ; Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- Ozeanmodell (1)
- Ozonzabbau (1)
- P (1)
- P hasensynchronisierung (1)
- P(VDF-TFE) copolymer (1)
- P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) (1)
- P300 (1)
- PAN (1)
- PBD (1)
- PBH (1)
- PBLG (1)
- PBP10 (1)
- PBT7 (1)
- PBTTT (1)
- PDA (1)
- PEDOT:PSS (1)
- PI3K (1)
- PIC simulation (1)
- PIP2 (1)
- PIP3 (1)
- PIP3 signals (1)
- PIP3 waves (1)
- PLANET (1)
- PNIPAM (1)
- PNIPAm (1)
- POD (1)
- PPV (1)
- PSF Analyse (1)
- PSF fitting (1)
- PSS)-coated porous (1)
- PTEN (1)
- PVDF-based polymers (1)
- PVPVA (1)
- Packing motif (1)
- Palaeoclimatology (1)
- Paleoclimate modeling (1)
- Paleoclimatology (1)
- Paleoklimatologie (1)
- Paläoklima (1)
- Parametric drift estimation (1)
- Parametrisierung (1)
- Pareto analysis (1)
- Pareto law (1)
- Partial synchrony (1)
- Partial wavelet coherence (1)
- Partially alternating copolymers (1)
- Particle acceleration (1)
- Particle-in-Cell Simulationen (1)
- Particles precipitating (1)
- Particles trapped (1)
- Partikel (1)
- Partikeltransport (1)
- Paschen's law (1)
- Patch clamp (1)
- Pedagogical professional knowledge (1)
- Pekuliargeschwindigkeiten (1)
- Peptid-Membran-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Perceived Relevance (1)
- Percolation (1)
- Performance Assessment (1)
- Periodic solutions (1)
- Perkolation (1)
- Permittivity (1)
- Perovskite solar cells (1)
- Perowskit-Oxide (1)
- Persistenzlänge (1)
- Pflanzenwachstum (1)
- Phase Diffusion (1)
- Phase Synchronization (1)
- Phase dynamics (1)
- Phase gate (1)
- Phase modulation (1)
- Phase reconstruction (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phase-Analysis (1)
- Phasen Oszillatoren (1)
- Phasen-Amplituden Trennung (1)
- Phasen-Analyse (1)
- Phasen-Gleichungen (1)
- Phasen-Oszillatoren (1)
- Phasendemodulation (1)
- Phasendiffusion (1)
- Phasendynamik (1)
- Phasengleichverteilung (1)
- Phasenkopplung (1)
- Phasenkopplungen höherer Ordnung (1)
- Phasenoszillatoren (1)
- Phasenraumdichte (1)
- Phasenregel (1)
- Phasenspektrum (1)
- Phasentrennung (1)
- Phenomenology (1)
- Philosophy of Science (1)
- Phonon-Polariton (1)
- Phononen Dynamik (1)
- Phononen Dämpfung (1)
- Phononen Rückfaltung (1)
- Phononenstreuung (1)
- Photo-CELIV (1)
- Photocatalysis (1)
- Photochemistry (1)
- Photoconductivity (1)
- Photocurrent (1)
- Photodissoziation (1)
- Photoelektronen (1)
- Photoelektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Photoelektronenmikroskopie (PEEM) (1)
- Photogeneration (1)
- Photon density wave spectroscopy (1)
- Photonic Crystals (1)
- Photonic devices (1)
- Photonische Kristalle (1)
- Photonischer Kristall (1)
- Photophysik (1)
- Photopolymer (1)
- Photorefractive polymers (1)
- Photorefraktive Polymere (1)
- Photosensitive azobenzene containing polyamines (1)
- Photosensitive brushes (1)
- Photosensitive polymer brushes (1)
- Photosensitive polymer film (1)
- Photosensitive polymer films (1)
- Photosensitive surfactant (1)
- Photosphere (1)
- Photostrukturierung von Polymerfilmen (1)
- Photothermal conversion (1)
- Photovoltaic gap (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Physical Implementation (1)
- Physics Problems (1)
- Physik der Musikinstrumente (1)
- Physik der weichen Materie (1)
- Physik schwarzer Löcher (1)
- Physikaufgaben (1)
- Physikunterricht (1)
- Phänomenologie (1)
- Phänotypische Heterogenität (1)
- Pickering Janus emulsions (1)
- Piezo-, Pyro-und Ferroelektrizität (1)
- Piezo1 (1)
- Piezo2 (1)
- Piezoelectrically generated Pressure Steps (PPSs) (1)
- Piezoelektrische Sensoren (1)
- Pigment-pigment interactions (1)
- Pikosekundenakustik (1)
- Plane grating emission spectrometer (1)
- Planetare Ringe (1)
- Planetarische Nebel (1)
- Planetary Rings (1)
- Planetary interior (1)
- Planetary rings and tori (1)
- Planeten (1)
- Plant performance (1)
- Plasma Physics (1)
- Plasma instability (1)
- Plasmainstabilität (1)
- Plasmasphere (1)
- Plasmasphäre (1)
- Plasmonen (1)
- Plasmonik (1)
- Plasmons (1)
- Platform magnetometers (1)
- Plio-Pleistocene (1)
- Point Process (1)
- Polar 5 (1)
- Polar ozone (1)
- Polar vortex (1)
- Polarforschung (1)
- Polarisation (1)
- Polarisationsverteilung (1)
- Polarization (1)
- Polarization distribution (1)
- Polaron (1)
- Polartief (1)
- Polarwirbel (1)
- Polbewegung (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Poly(vinylidenfluorid) (1)
- Poly-DADMAC (1)
- Poly-epsilon-caprolactone (1)
- Polycrystals (1)
- Polydispersität (1)
- Polyelectrolyte Complexes (1)
- Polyelectrolyte multilayer (1)
- Polyelektrolytkomplexe (1)
- Polyethylen-Nanokomposite (1)
- Polyetlioxysiloxane (1)
- Polymer Electronics (1)
- Polymer infiltration (1)
- Polymer intermixing (1)
- Polymer solar cells (1)
- Polymer-Halbleiter (1)
- Polymer-Kristalle (1)
- Polymer-Plastik (1)
- Polymer-Solarzelle (1)
- Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (1)
- Polymer/surfactant interaction (1)
- Polymeraggregation (1)
- Polymerbürsten (1)
- Polymere / Physik (1)
- Polymere auf PVDF-Basis (1)
- Polymerelektrete (1)
- Polymerelektronik (1)
- Polymerfilm (1)
- Polymerphysik (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Polymerschaum (1)
- Polypyrrol (1)
- Polyrhythmen (1)
- Polystyrol Nano-Sphären (1)
- Polysulfobetain (1)
- Polythiophen (1)
- Populationen (1)
- Populations (1)
- Populationsdynamik (1)
- Porosity (1)
- Porositätsanalyse (1)
- Porous scaffold (1)
- Porous silica particles (1)
- Porphyrine (1)
- Porphyrins (1)
- Post-AGB-Sterne (1)
- Post-Newton (1)
- Post-inhibitory rebound (1)
- Post-transcriptional gene regulation (1)
- Posttranskriptionale Genregulation (1)
- Potential of mean force (1)
- Potsdam / Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (1)
- Pre-Service (1)
- Precise Point Positioning (PPP) (1)
- Precursor (1)
- Primordiale Schwarzen Löchern (1)
- Probabilistic Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment (1)
- Probabilistic projections (1)
- Probe instruments (1)
- Process analytical technology (1)
- Process atmosphere (1)
- Professional knowledge (1)
- Professionalisierung (1)
- Projektionen (1)
- Prominences (1)
- Prominences, dynamics (1)
- Prominences, magnetic field (1)
- Prominences, quiescent (1)
- Propeller (1)
- Propellers (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein Multilayer (1)
- Protein crowding (1)
- Protein folding (1)
- Protein-Protein-Interaktion (1)
- Protein-membrane interaction (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Proteinfaltung (1)
- Proteinkinetik (1)
- Protonendynamik molekularer Systeme (1)
- Protonentransfer in angeregten Zuständen (1)
- Protonierung (1)
- Protophase (1)
- Protostellar Jets and outflows (1)
- Proximity-Effekt (1)
- Proxyunsicherheit (1)
- Proxyverständnis (1)
- Präkonzepte (1)
- Präparation fester Komplexe (1)
- Prästabilisierung (1)
- Pseudo-Voigt fit function (1)
- Pseudobeobachtungen (1)
- Pseudodatensätze (1)
- Pseudomonas putida (1)
- Pulse induced transparency (1)
- Pulszugformung (1)
- Pulverpartikelanalyse (1)
- Pump-Probe Spektroskopie (1)
- Punktdefekt (1)
- Pupil Remapper (1)
- PyTorch (1)
- Pycnocline depth (1)
- Pyridone (1)
- Pyridones (1)
- Python (1)
- QPM (1)
- QtClassify (1)
- Quanten Optomechanik (1)
- Quanten-Elektrodynamik (QED) (1)
- Quantencomputer (1)
- Quantendegeneriert BEK FDS ultrakalte Atome (1)
- Quantenelektrodynamik (1)
- Quantenfluktuationen (1)
- Quantenwell (1)
- Quantum (1)
- Quantum Optics (1)
- Quantum Optomechanics (1)
- Quartz (1)
- Quasare: Absorptionslinien (1)
- Quasi-Kondensat (1)
- Quasicrystals (1)
- Quaternary glaciations (1)
- Quellen nichtthermischer Strahlung (1)
- Quiescent (1)
- Quiet (1)
- Quintuplet cluster (1)
- R-PE (1)
- RAMAN spectroscopy (1)
- RAMAN-Spektroskopie (1)
- RAVE (1)
- RAVE Beobachtungskampagne (1)
- RAVE survey (1)
- REM (1)
- RF gun (1)
- RIXS (resonante inelastische Röntgenstreuung) (1)
- RIXS at FELs (1)
- Radiation dose calculation (1)
- Radiation mechanisms: Non-termal (1)
- Radiation on the ISS (1)
- Radiation transfer model (1)
- Radiative transfer (1)
- Radio-frequency electron gun (1)
- Radioburst (1)
- Radiocarbon (1)
- Radiosensitization (1)
- Rainfall patterns (1)
- Raman (1)
- Raman Streuung (1)
- Raman scattering (1)
- Random Environments (1)
- Random Walk (1)
- Random Walks (1)
- Random-Walk-Theorie (1)
- Rapid thinning (1)
- Rare elements (1)
- Rasterkraftmikroskopie (1)
- Rat model (1)
- Rauheit (1)
- Raumladungsfeld (1)
- Rauschinduzierte Anregbarkeit (1)
- Rauschinduzierte Oszillatonsunte (1)
- Rayet (1)
- Reaction mechanism (1)
- Reactive adsorption (1)
- Reactive foaming (1)
- Real time (1)
- Real-time earthquake monitoring and early warning (1)
- Recombination losses (1)
- Recurrence Plot (1)
- Recurrence Plots (1)
- Recurrence plots (1)
- Recurrence quantification analysis (1)
- Recurrence-Plot (1)
- Recurrent neural networks (1)
- Redox (1)
- Reduced-Form Modeling (1)
- Referendariat (1)
- Reflection (1)
- Reflection Skills (1)
- Reflective writing (1)
- Reflexion (Phil) (1)
- Reflexionskompetenz (1)
- Reflexionsmodell (1)
- Reflexionsqualität (1)
- Reflexionstiefe (1)
- Reflexivity (1)
- Regelung (1)
- Regge Kalkül (1)
- Regionalization (1)
- Regularisierung (1)
- Reibungskoeffizient (1)
- Reionisation (1)
- Reionisierung (1)
- Rekombination (1)
- Rekurrenz (1)
- Rekurrenzdarstellung (1)
- Rekurrenzen (1)
- Rekurrenzplot (1)
- Relativistische Astrophysik (1)
- Relaxor-ferroelectric (RF) fluoropolymers (1)
- Relaxor-ferroelectric polymer (1)
- Relaxor-ferroelektrische Polymere (1)
- Release (1)
- Reliability of Neurons (1)
- Remagnetisierung (1)
- Remote Sensing (1)
- Renormierung (1)
- Repertory Grid (1)
- Reproducing kernel Hilbert space (1)
- Residual circulation (1)
- Residue (1)
- Resonance fluorescence (1)
- Resonance-free ultrasound emitter (1)
- Resonant interaction (1)
- Resonanzfluoreszenz (1)
- Resonator (1)
- Resonator Quantenelektrodynamik (1)
- Responsive Polymere (1)
- Retina (1)
- Retrieval (1)
- Reversal (1)
- Rezeptor (1)
- RhB degradation (1)
- RhB photodegradation (1)
- Rheasilvia (1)
- Richardson Superdiffusion (1)
- Richardson-Superdiffusion (1)
- Riesz-Feller fractional derivative (1)
- Ring (1)
- Ring tensiometry (1)
- Ringe (1)
- Ringstrom (1)
- Ringstromelektronen (1)
- Risserkennung (1)
- Roberts flow (1)
- Roberts-Strömung (1)
- Robin boundary condition (1)
- Robotik (1)
- Roche (1)
- Roche Limit (1)
- Rock (1)
- Rock avalanche (1)
- Rocks (1)
- Rohr (1)
- Rohrresonator (1)
- Rollende Adhäsion (1)
- Rotation (1)
- Rotationsbeschichtung (1)
- Rotationskurven (1)
- RsgA (1)
- Rydberg atoms (1)
- Röntgen-Refraktions Bildgebung (1)
- Röntgenastronomie (1)
- Röntgenhintergrund (1)
- Röntgenstrahlen (1)
- Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- Rückkopplungskontrolle (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SCAPS-1D (1)
- SCP (1)
- SEGUE Beobachtungskampagne (1)
- SEGUE survey (1)
- SERS (1)
- SFG (1)
- SFXTs (1)
- SHPB (1)
- SIR model (1)
- SLM (1)
- SN 1572 (1)
- SPMs (1)
- SPR (1)
- SVD (1)
- Saddle Point (1)
- Sakkadendetektion (1)
- Sammelband (1)
- Satellites, Composition (1)
- Satellites, Surfaces (1)
- Saturn, Satellites (1)
- Saturn, rings (1)
- Saturn, satellites (1)
- Saturn<Planet> (1)
- Scaling exponents (1)
- Scan strategies (1)
- Scanning near-field optical microscopy (1)
- Scanning transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Scattering breakdown (1)
- Scattering theory (1)
- Schallabstrahlung (1)
- Schatten eines Schwarzen Lochs (1)
- Schaum (1)
- Schaumbildung (1)
- Schaumstabilität (1)
- Scheibe (1)
- Scheibengalaxien (1)
- Scher-Montroll Transport (1)
- Schlecht gestelltes Problem (1)
- Schleifenschließung (1)
- Schnellläufersterne (1)
- Schottky junction (1)
- Schrödinger equation (1)
- Schulpraktikum (1)
- Schwarzes Loch (1)
- Schwimmende Mikroorganismen (1)
- Schwingungsspektroskopie (1)
- Schwingungstilger (1)
- Schäume (1)
- Schülervorstellungen (1)
- Science Curriculum (1)
- Science education (1)
- Seasonal prediction (1)
- Seebeck coefficient (1)
- Seebeck ratchet (1)
- Seismizität (1)
- Selbstorganisierte Kritizität (1)
- Selbstähnlichkeit (1)
- Selection-Linked Integration (1)
- Selektiver Bindungsbruch (1)
- Sensing skin (1)
- Sensor (1)
- SgXBs (1)
- Shannon entropy (1)
- Shape equations of vesicles (1)
- Shape recognition (1)
- Shear flow (1)
- Shock waves (1)
- Shockley-Read-Hall (1)
- SiO2 composite material (1)
- Signal transduction (1)
- Signal transfer chain (1)
- Significance Testing (1)
- Signifikanztests (1)
- Silica source (1)
- Silicification (1)
- Silicon (1)
- Silicon carbide (1)
- Siliziumdioxid-auf-Silizium (1)
- Sinai diffusion (1)
- Single-mode-Faser (1)
- Singularities (1)
- Sintern (1)
- Skalengesetze (1)
- Slums (1)
- Smale - Williams solenoid (1)
- Small (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Snap-through instability (1)
- Soft X-ray monochromator (1)
- Solar Cycle, observations (1)
- Solar Physics (1)
- Solar energy (1)
- Solar energy and photovoltaic technology (1)
- Solar physics (1)
- Solid state detectors (1)
- Soliton (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Sonne: Oszillationen (1)
- Sonne: Sonnenflecken (1)
- Sonnenaktivität (1)
- Sonnenphysik (1)
- Sorption (1)
- South Asian summer monsoon (1)
- Space charge (1)
- Space mining (1)
- Space mission (1)
- Space plasmas (1)
- Space radiation (1)
- Space vehicles: instruments (1)
- Space weather (1)
- Spacecraft (1)
- Specific surface (1)
- Spectral diffusion (1)
- Speicheranwendungen (1)
- Spektralanalyse <Stochastik> (1)
- Spektrographen (1)
- Spike sequences (1)
- Spin Textur (1)
- Spin casting (1)
- Spin- und winkelaufgelöste Photoemission (1)
- Spin-Bahn-Wechselwirkung (SBW) (1)
- Spin-Schaum-Modelle (1)
- Spin-echo (1)
- Spin-orbi coupling (SOC) (1)
- Spinpolarisation (1)
- Spinstruktur (1)
- Spinwellen (1)
- Spiralgalaxien (1)
- Spiralgalaxien: Magnetfelder (1)
- Spontaneous decay (1)
- Sprachverarbeitung (1)
- Spreading (1)
- Späte Sterne (1)
- Stabilität (1)
- Stalagmite (1)
- Star formation (1)
- Stars (1)
- Stars: atmospheres early type (1)
- Stars: individual: 4U2206+54, BD+53 2790 (1)
- Stars: mass-loss (1)
- Stars: winds (1)
- Statistical Physics (1)
- Statistical copolymers (1)
- Statistical inference (1)
- Statistical inverse problem (1)
- Statistical mechanics (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Staus (1)
- Stellar outflows (1)
- Stellar physics (1)
- Stellar winds (1)
- Stellardynamik (1)
- Stellare Aktivität (1)
- Stellarphysik (1)
- Steppest Descend method (1)
- Stern-Brauner Zwerg Systeme (1)
- Stern-Gerlach effect (1)
- Stern-Planet Systeme (1)
- Stern-Planeten-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Sterndynamik (1)
- Sterne: Entfernungen (1)
- Sternenpopulationen (1)
- Sternfeedback (1)
- Sternflecken (1)
- Sternhaufen (1)
- Sternoberfläche (1)
- Sternpopulationen (1)
- Stickstoff (1)
- Stille-type cross-coupling (1)
- Stimulated scattering (1)
- Stimuli-responsive materials (1)
- Stimulierte Brillouin Streuung (1)
- Stochastic dynamical systems (1)
- Stochastic gene expression (1)
- Stochastic modelling (1)
- Stochastic reaction– diffusion (1)
- Stochastics (1)
- Stochastik (1)
- Stochastische Differentialgleichung (1)
- Stochastische Genexpression (1)
- Stochastische Gross-Pitaevskii Gleichung (1)
- Stochastische Oszillationen (1)
- Stochastische dynamische Systeme (1)
- Stochastisches Bursting (1)
- Stochastisches dynamisches System (1)
- Stokesion Dynamics (1)
- Stokessche Dynamik (1)
- Storage rings (1)
- Stoßwellen (1)
- Strahlenarten (1)
- Strahlenbelastung (1)
- Strahlenbiologie (1)
- Strahlenschutz (1)
- Strahlung Mechanismen (1)
- Strahlungstransportmodell (1)
- Strahlungtransportmodellierung (1)
- Strain gages (1)
- Strain gauge (1)
- Strain hardening (1)
- Strain monitoring (1)
- Stratosphere-troposphere coupling (1)
- Stratospheric polar vortex (1)
- Stratosphäre (1)
- Stratosphären-Troposphären-Kopplung (1)
- Stratosphärenchemie (1)
- Stratosphärendynamik (1)
- Stratosphärischer Polarwirbel (1)
- Stratton-Chu formulas (1)
- Stress-strain relations (1)
- Stretchable sensor (1)
- Streuresonanzen (1)
- Streuung von Schallwellen (1)
- Strong-motion sensor (1)
- Strontium (1)
- Structural and energetic disorder (1)
- Structure-performance relationship (1)
- Structure-property relationships (1)
- Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen (1)
- Strukturdynamik (1)
- Strukturelle und energetische Unordnung (1)
- Student Teachers (1)
- Stäbchen (1)
- Städte (1)
- Stärkemetabolismus (1)
- Sub-gamma random variable (1)
- Subdiffusion (1)
- Sublimation with good yield (1)
- Subretinal (1)
- Summenfrequenzspektroskopie (1)
- Sun: Chromosphere (1)
- Sun: filaments, pominences (1)
- Sun: infrared (1)
- Sun: magnetic reconnection (1)
- Sun: oscillations (1)
- Sun: oszillations (1)
- Sun: radio radiation (1)
- Sun: solar radio bursts (1)
- Sun: surface magnetism (1)
- Sunspots (1)
- Sunspots, magnetic fields (1)
- Supernova Remnants (1)
- Supernova-Überrest (1)
- Superradiance (1)
- Surface (1)
- Surface Relief Grating (1)
- Surface Relief Grating (SRG) (1)
- Surface characterization (1)
- Surface composition (1)
- Surface plasmons (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface relief grating (1)
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- Surfactant (1)
- Surfactants (1)
- Surrogates (1)
- Surrogatmethode (1)
- Svalbard (1)
- Swift - Hohenberg equation (1)
- Symbolische Regression (1)
- Synchronisationsanalyse (1)
- Synchrony (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Synchrotron Radiation (1)
- Synchrotron radiation (1)
- Synthese (1)
- System (1)
- Südasiatischen Sommermonsun (1)
- TCAD (1)
- TCOs (1)
- TD-DFT (1)
- TEM01 mode (1)
- THz Spectroscopy (1)
- THz Spektroskopie (1)
- TIC 278659026 (1)
- TIG-welding (1)
- TSL (1)
- Tachocline (1)
- Tachokline (1)
- Tagung (1)
- Tail (1)
- Talbot-Lau interferometer (1)
- Talbot-Lau interferometry (1)
- Tandem solar cells (1)
- Tandem-Solarzelle (1)
- Tauziehen (1)
- Taylor-Couette (1)
- Taylor-Couette flow (1)
- TeV gamma rays (1)
- TeV gamma-ray astronomy (1)
- Teacher professional development (1)
- Techniken der optischen Spektroskopie: IR-Absorption (1)
- Techniques: imaging spectroscopy (1)
- Techniques: spectroscopy (1)
- Teilchenphysik (1)
- Teleconnection patterns (1)
- Telekonnektionen (1)
- Telekonnexionsmuster (1)
- Teleskop (1)
- Temperaturproxy (1)
- Tensid (1)
- Tensidlösung (1)
- Tensidschaum (1)
- Tensile load (1)
- Tension (1)
- Tensor-Zerlegungen (1)
- Terrasse ... (1)
- Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (1)
- Test (1)
- Testauswertung (1)
- Testentwicklung (1)
- Teukolsky Gleichung (1)
- Teukolsky equations (1)
- Teukolsky master equation (1)
- Teukolsky-Gleichungen (1)
- Textur (1)
- Theiler surrogates (1)
- Theiler-Surrogate (1)
- Themisch-Stimulierte Lumineszenz (1)
- Theoretical ecology (1)
- Theoretische Ökologie (1)
- Thermal Radiation (1)
- Thermal conductivity (1)
- Thermal diffusivity (1)
- Thermal inertia (1)
- Thermal sound generation (1)
- Thermal wave method (1)
- Thermal-Pulse Tomography (1)
- Thermalisierung (1)
- Thermally stimulated luminescence (1)
- Thermo-acoustic effect (1)
- Thermoakustik (1)
- Thermoclectrics (1)
- Thermodynamic efficiency (1)
- Thermodynamics of adsorption (1)
- Thermoelektrizität (1)
- Thermohaline Atlantikzirkulation (1)
- Thermohaline Circulation (1)
- Thermohaline Zi (1)
- Thermohaline Zirkulation (1)
- Thermophon (1)
- Thermophone (1)
- Thermoplastics (1)
- Thermoresponsive (1)
- Thermosphäre hoher Breiten (1)
- Thin Film (1)
- Thin nanocrystalline TiO2 layer (1)
- Tien Shan (1)
- Tikhonov regularization (1)
- Tilt angles (1)
- Time Series Analysis (1)
- Time delay (1)
- Time of flight (1)
- Time series (1)
- Time-dependent mobility (1)
- Time-of-flight (TOF) (1)
- Time-resolved spectroscopy (1)
- Time-varying Delay (1)
- Tip-sample interactions (1)
- Titan (1)
- Titandioxid (1)
- Tomographie (1)
- Topological Crystalline Insulator (1)
- Topological Insulator (1)
- Topological matter (1)
- Topologischer Isolator (1)
- Topologischer kristalliner Isolator (1)
- Total Electron Content (TEC) (1)
- Trace elements (1)
- Trajectory model (1)
- Trajektorien (1)
- Trajektorienmodell (1)
- Transient fluorescence (1)
- Transient photocurrent (1)
- Transiente Absorption (1)
- Transition-metal ion (1)
- Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Transmissionsspektroskopie (1)
- Transport (1)
- Transport properties titania (1)
- Transport- und Wechselwirkungsphase (1)
- Trapped charges (1)
- Trapping (1)
- Tropics (1)
- Trypanosoma cruzi (1)
- Turbulence (1)
- Turbulenzmessung (1)
- Two-stream Lidar Inversion (1)
- Two-temperature model (1)
- Typ III (1)
- Type I AGN (1)
- Type II AGN (1)
- US east coast river geomorphology (1)
- UV (1)
- UV cross-linking (1)
- UV irradiation (1)
- UV nanoimprint lithography (1)
- UV-VIS Spectroscopy (1)
- UV-Vis Spektroskopie (1)
- UV-Vis spectroscopy (1)
- Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (1)
- Ultra-low (1)
- Ultrafast spectroscopy (1)
- Ultrafast surface science (1)
- Ultraschnell (1)
- Ultraschnelle Dynamik (1)
- Ultraschnelle Röntgenbeugung (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Ultraviolet: ISM (1)
- Umweltsysteme (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Understanding (1)
- University physics (1)
- Unordnung (1)
- Unruh effect (1)
- Unruh-Effekt (1)
- Unschärfe (1)
- Unsicherheit (1)
- Unstetiges Galerkin-Verfahren (1)
- Unterkühlung (1)
- Unterrichtsanalyse (1)
- Unterrichtsgestaltung (1)
- Unterrichtsplanung (1)
- Unterrichtsvorschläge (1)
- Upconversion luminescence (1)
- Upper Atmosphere Model (UAM) (1)
- Upper Limit (1)
- Uracil (1)
- Uranus (1)
- Urbanisierung (1)
- V OC-deficit (1)
- V*V884 Sco (1)
- V-OC loss (1)
- VERB (1)
- VHE (1)
- VHE gamma-ray astronomy (1)
- VIRTIS (1)
- VLT/MUSE (1)
- Vacuum interaction (1)
- Vacuum-level alignment (1)
- Vakuumschwankungen (1)
- Vakuumwechselwirkung (1)
- Valenzband (VB) (1)
- Valenzbandmaximum (VBM) (1)
- Validation (1)
- Validierung (1)
- Validity (1)
- Validität (1)
- Van der Waals Kräfte (1)
- Van der Waals forces (1)
- Vapour Deposition (1)
- Variabilität (1)
- Vegetation (1)
- Veneneia (1)
- Venus Express (1)
- Venus, surface (1)
- Verbindungspfade zwischen der Arktis und den mittleren Breiten (1)
- Verfeinerungslimes (1)
- Verhältnis der Struktur und Funktion (1)
- Vermischung (1)
- Verschränkung (1)
- Verstehen (1)
- Verständnisentwicklungsmodell (1)
- Verteilung (1)
- Verteilungen von lokalisierten Zustände (1)
- Vesikeln (1)
- Vesiklen (1)
- Vesta (1)
- Vibrio Harveyi clade (1)
- Vielteilchentheorie (1)
- Vier-Wellen-Mischung (1)
- Virgo (1)
- Virus (1)
- Viskosität (1)
- Visual representations (1)
- Vorhersagbarkeit (1)
- Vorhersage (1)
- Voronoi entropy (1)
- Vorstellungen (1)
- WAAM (1)
- WASP-108 (1)
- WASP-113 (1)
- WASP-120 (1)
- WASP-123 (1)
- WASP-136 (1)
- WASP-140 (1)
- WASP-20 (1)
- WASP-76 (1)
- WASP-93 (1)
- Wachstum (1)
- Wartezeitverteilung (1)
- Washing fastness (1)
- Wasserstoffionenkonzentration (1)
- Watanabe-Strogatz theory (1)
- Water Vapor (1)
- Water-assisted crystallization (1)
- Water/air interface (1)
- Wave generation (1)
- Wavelet Coherence (1)
- Wavelet-Analyse (1)
- Wavelets (1)
- Wealth and income distribution (1)
- Wechselwirkung (1)
- Weichröntgenbeugung (1)
- Weißlichterzeugung (1)
- Wellen (1)
- Wellen-Teilchen Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Wellengleichung (1)
- Wellenlängenverschiebung (1)
- Weltraumphysik (1)
- West Antarctic Ice Sheet (1)
- Wetterextreme (1)
- Whistler-Wellen (1)
- Wiederkehrdarstellung (1)
- Wiederkehrverhalten (1)
- Wigner Funktion (1)
- Wigner negativity (1)
- William Herschel Teleskop (1)
- William Herschel telescope (1)
- Wind-fed systems (1)
- Windblase (1)
- Wirtschaftsnetzwerk (1)
- Wiskostatin (1)
- Wismut (1)
- Wolf-Rayet stars (1)
- Wolf-Rayet-Sterne (1)
- Wolken (1)
- Wort-n-Gramme-Wahrscheinlichkeit (1)
- Wrinkling (1)
- Wärmefluss (1)
- Wärmeinsel (1)
- Wärmekapazität (1)
- Wärmepuls-Tomographie (1)
- Wärmetransport (1)
- X-ray Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray and (1)
- X-ray and neutron diffractions (1)
- X-ray astronomy (1)
- X-ray background (1)
- X-ray binary (1)
- X-ray computed (1)
- X-ray emission spectra (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) (1)
- X-ray mu CT (1)
- X-ray phase contrast (1)
- X-ray refraction imaging (1)
- X-ray refraction; (1)
- X-ray scattering (1)
- X-ray stars (1)
- X-ray structure (1)
- X-ray switching (1)
- X-ray synchrotron diffraction (1)
- X-rays : stars (1)
- X-rays Photoemission Spectroscopy (1)
- X-rays: galaxies (1)
- X-rays: general (1)
- X-rays: individual (Carina) (1)
- X-rays: individual (Cygnus X-3) (1)
- X-rays: individual: 4U1700+24; (1)
- X-rays: individual: GJ 1151 (1)
- X-rays: individual: IGRJ17329-2731 (1)
- X-rays: individual: SXP 1323 (1)
- X-rays: individual: SctX-1 (1)
- X-rays: individuals: Circinus X-1 (1)
- X-rays: individuals: G15.4+0.1 (1)
- X-rays: individuals: GRS 1915+105 (1)
- X-rays: individuals: IGRJ16328-4726 (1)
- X-rays: individuals: IGRJ17354-3255 (1)
- X-rays: individuals: IGRJ17544-2619 (1)
- X-rays: individuals: IGRJ18450-0435 (1)
- X-rays: individuals: SAXJ1818.6-1703 (1)
- X-rays: individuals: V4641 Sgr (1)
- X-rays: individuals: Vela Jr (RX J08520-4622) (1)
- X-rays: individuals: Vela X-1 (1)
- XCT (1)
- Yield strength (1)
- Young's double-slit experiment (1)
- Yttria stabilized zirconia multilayers (1)
- Zeitwahrnehmung (1)
- Zell Bewegung (1)
- Zell-substrat Adhäsion (1)
- Zell-zell Adhäsion (1)
- Zellimmobilisierung (1)
- Zellmembranen (1)
- Zellmotilität (1)
- Zellorganisation (1)
- Zellulärmaterialien (1)
- Zentralsterne (1)
- Zeolite synthesis (1)
- Zirkulardichroismus (1)
- Zirkulationsregime (1)
- Zirruswolken (1)
- ZnO (1)
- Zufallsbewegung (1)
- Zufällige Stochastische Irrfahrt (1)
- Zufällige Umgebungen (1)
- Zustandsgleichung (1)
- Zustandsmodell (1)
- Zustandsraumrekonstruktion/Phasenraumrekonstruktion (1)
- Zwangsgleichungen (1)
- Zwerg Galaxien (1)
- Zyklus (1)
- Zytoskelett (1)
- ab initio (1)
- abelian group (1)
- abrupte Übergänge (1)
- absorption (1)
- absorption lines (1)
- absorption spectroscopy (1)
- accretion discs (1)
- accretion disks (1)
- accretion, accretion discs (1)
- acidic crosslinking (1)
- acoustic fluidization (1)
- acoustic transducers (1)
- acoustic waveguide (1)
- acoustic-transducer materials (1)
- acoustics (1)
- actin cytoskeleton (1)
- actin dynamics (1)
- actin filaments (1)
- actin waves (1)
- active matter (1)
- active particles (1)
- active processes (1)
- active solar (1)
- active solar chromosphere (1)
- activity - stars (1)
- activity - sun (1)
- actomyosin (1)
- actuating materials (1)
- actuation (1)
- actuator (1)
- actuators (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adaptation and mitigation (1)
- adaptive Optik (1)
- adaptive optics (1)
- addenda (1)
- additive (1)
- additive manufacturing (AM) (1)
- adhesion cluster (1)
- advective-diffusive codes (1)
- aerosol: hygroscopic growth (1)
- aerosol: hygroskopisches Wachstum (1)
- aerosol: optical properties (1)
- aerosol: optische Eigenschaften (1)
- aerosols (1)
- aftershock distribution (1)
- aging (1)
- air mass transformation; (1)
- air mass transport (1)
- aktive Galaxienkerne (1)
- aktive Prozesse (1)
- aktive galaktische Kerne (1)
- aktiven Transport (1)
- akustische Fluidisierung (1)
- akustische Wellen (1)
- algorithms (1)
- alkali-silica reaction (ASR) (1)
- all-optical helicity dependent switching (1)
- all-organic (1)
- all-organic ferroelectret nanogenerator (FENG) (1)
- all-perovskite tandems (1)
- alloy (1)
- allycyanide (1)
- alpha (1)
- alpha-effect (1)
- alternative electron acceptors (1)
- aluminium alloys (1)
- amoeboid motility (1)
- amoeboid motion (1)
- amorphous solids (1)
- amorphous state (1)
- amp (1)
- amphiphiles (1)
- amphiphilic side chains (1)
- amöboide Bewegung (1)
- analysis - techniques (1)
- analytical model (1)
- analyzer-based imaging (1)
- anatomical connectivity (1)
- anchored polymer (1)
- and governance (1)
- angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- angular momentum loss (1)
- animal models (1)
- anisotropic fiber orientation (1)
- anomalous (1)
- anomalous (or non-Fickian) diffusion (1)
- anomalous diffusion and transport (1)
- anomalous dynamics with memory (1)
- anomalous heat conduction (1)
- anomalous response and relaxation (1)
- anthropogener Meeresspiegel (1)
- anthropogenic sea level (1)
- anti-Stokes resonant x-ray raman scattering (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antidynamo theorem (1)
- antiferromagnetic (1)
- antiferromagnetism (1)
- antimicrobial polymers (1)
- antireflection (1)
- applications (1)
- applied classical electromagnetism (1)
- approximate inertial manifolds (1)
- architectured materials (1)
- arktische Atmosphäre (1)
- arktische Grenzschicht (1)
- arktischer Dunst (1)
- arktisches Aerosol (1)
- arrayed waveguide grating (1)
- artificial intelligence (1)
- assembly (1)
- assembly factor (1)
- asteroids (1)
- astro-particle physics (1)
- astrochemistry (1)
- astronomical databases: miscellaneous (1)
- astronomical instrumentation (1)
- astronomische Instrumente (1)
- astronomy (Energetic particles) (1)
- astronomy spectrograph (1)
- astroparticle (1)
- astroparticle physic (1)
- asymptotic analysis (1)
- asynchronous design (1)
- atmosphere - sun (1)
- atmosphere dynamics (1)
- atmospheric boundary layer (1)
- atmospheric characterization (1)
- atmospheric dynamics (1)
- atmospheric modelling (1)
- atmospheric science (1)
- atmosphärische Effekte (1)
- atmosphärische Grenzschicht (1)
- atom chips (1)
- atom optics (1)
- atomic data (1)
- atomic displacement parameters (1)
- atomic distances (1)
- atomic force microscopy (1)
- atomic processes (1)
- atomic-force; nano-objects (1)
- atomtronics (1)
- attosecond phenomena (1)
- attractive interaction (1)
- attraktive Wechselwirkung (1)
- attribution (1)
- autocorrelation function (1)
- automated image processing (1)
- avidin (1)
- axial next nearest neighbour Ising chains (1)
- azobenzene containing molecules (1)
- azobenzene containing photosensitive material (1)
- azobenzene containing polymers (1)
- azobenzene containing surfactant (1)
- azobenzene photosensitive polymer films (1)
- azobenzene polymer (1)
- azobenzene polymer films (1)
- azobenzene refractive index (1)
- azobenzene-containing molecules (1)
- azobenzenhaltige Polymere (1)
- azobenzolhaltige Tenside (1)
- background (1)
- bacterial swimming (1)
- bacterial swimming strategies (1)
- ball mill (1)
- balloon telescopes (1)
- band profile (1)
- baroclinic instability (1)
- barrier escape (1)
- barrier height (1)
- basis-sets (1)
- beam splitter (1)
- bedeuten freie Bahn (1)
- beyond Standard Model (1)
- bi-harmonic coupling (1)
- bi-photons (1)
- bidirectional intracellular transport (1)
- bidirektionaler intrazellulärer Transport (1)
- bifurcation (1)
- bifurcations (1)
- bimetallic nanoparticles (1)
- binaries (1)
- binaries: symbiotic (1)
- binaries: visual (1)
- binary neutron stars (1)
- binary stars (1)
- binding interactions (1)
- binäre Schwarze Löcher (1)
- binäre schwarze Löcher (1)
- bio-hybrid (1)
- bio-hybrid system (1)
- biochemical oscillators (1)
- biofilms (1)
- biohybrid microsystems (1)
- bioindicators (1)
- biological invasions (1)
- biological robustness (1)
- bioluminescence (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- biomolecule (1)
- biophysical model (1)
- bioreceptors (1)
- biosensing (1)
- biosphere feedbacks (1)
- bismuthene (1)
- black hole (1)
- black hole demographics (1)
- black hole shadows (1)
- black-holes (1)
- blade (1)
- blazar (1)
- blended learning (1)
- block copolymer films (1)
- block copolymers (1)
- bond (1)
- bonding layer at the metal/polymer interface (1)
- bone (1)
- bose gas (1)
- bottlebrush copolymers (1)
- boundary layer (1)
- boundary local time (1)
- bow shocks (1)
- brain rhythms (1)
- brain synchronization (1)
- breitbandige Lichtquelle (1)
- bridges (1)
- broad-spectrum permittivity enhancement (1)
- broadband light source (1)
- brown dwarfs (1)
- brownian motion (1)
- bubbles (1)
- buckling (1)
- budding (1)
- budget study (1)
- built-in potential (1)
- bulge (1)
- bulk-heterojunction solar cells (1)
- cAMP (1)
- cAMP receptor (1)
- cGMP (1)
- caffeine (1)
- caged cAMP (1)
- calibration (1)
- cancer diagnosis (1)
- capacitance spectroscopy (1)
- carbon (1)
- carbon fiber manufacture (1)
- carbon nitride thin film (1)
- carbon-dioxide emissions (1)
- carbon-isotope-ratio (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- carrier density (1)
- carrier dynamic (1)
- cascade (1)
- cascade rate (1)
- cascading regime (1)
- cataclysmic variables (1)
- catalytic azobenzene isomerization (1)
- catanionic vesicles (1)
- causal discovery algorithm (1)
- cavity effects (1)
- cell immobilization (1)
- cell movement (1)
- cell nucleus (1)
- cell organization (1)
- cell polarity (1)
- cell tracking (1)
- cell wall deficient mutant (1)
- cell-cell (1)
- cell-substrate adhesion (1)
- cellular (1)
- cellular materials (1)
- cellular signalling (1)
- central stars (1)
- cepstrum (1)
- chalcogenide (1)
- chaotic (1)
- chaotic oscillations (1)
- chaotic saddle (1)
- chaotisch (1)
- characterization (1)
- characterization of ultrasonic measurement systems (1)
- characterization tools (1)
- charge (1)
- charge accumulation (1)
- charge carrier density (1)
- charge carrier extraction (1)
- charge carrier processes (1)
- charge carrier transport (1)
- charge collection (1)
- charge density (1)
- charge generation yield (1)
- charge localisation (1)
- charge profiling (1)
- charge recombination (1)
- charge recombination yield (1)
- charge repulsion (1)
- charge selectivity (1)
- charge shielding (1)
- charge stability (1)
- charge storage and transport (1)
- charge transfer states (1)
- charge transfers (1)
- charge transport layers (1)
- charge trap (1)
- charge-dipole interaction (1)
- charge-transfer excitations (1)
- charge-transfer states (1)
- charged systems (1)
- chemical (1)
- chemical equilibrium (1)
- chemical oxidative polymerization (1)
- chemical relaxation (1)
- chemically induced dislocation (1)
- chemically reactive flow (1)
- chemisch-induzierte Dislokation (1)
- chemische Gasphasenabscheidung (1)
- chemische Häufigkeiten (1)
- chemische Oberflächen-Modifikationen (1)
- chemistry (1)
- chemistry-transport-model (1)
- chemoattractant (1)
- chemomechanical coupling (1)
- chemotaxsis (1)
- chimera Zustände (1)
- chirality (1)
- chlimate impacts (1)
- chloroplast ribosome (1)
- chromatin (1)
- chromium hexacarbonyl (1)
- chromophore orientations (1)
- chromosphere (1)
- chromosphere - methods (1)
- chromospheric activity (1)
- chromospherische Aktivität (1)
- circular dichroism (1)
- circulation (1)
- circulation regimes (1)
- circumgalactic medium (1)
- cities (1)
- climate data (1)
- climate impact research (1)
- climate impact response func (1)
- climate model (1)
- climate model of intermediate complexity (1)
- climate networks (1)
- climate physics (1)
- climate projection (1)
- climate sensitivity (1)
- climate-driven evolution (1)
- climatology (1)
- clouds (1)
- cluster analysis (1)
- cluster model (1)
- cluster-analysis (1)
- clustering (1)
- clusters of galaxies (1)
- co-monomer content (1)
- co-translational (1)
- co-translationale Assemblierung (1)
- co2 emissions (1)
- coagulation-fragmentation (1)
- coarse-grained order parameter (1)
- coating (1)
- cobalt (1)
- code (1)
- coefficient of friction (1)
- coherence theory (1)
- cold air outbreak (1)
- collapse (1)
- collimation (1)
- collision dynamics (1)
- colloidal particles (1)
- colloids (1)
- color change (1)
- coloured (1)
- coloured and quantum noise (1)
- coma (1)
- comb-like model (1)
- combustion (1)
- comets (1)
- comets: individual ((596) Scheila) (1)
- comets: individual: 67P (1)
- compacton (1)
- compatibilized filler molecules (1)
- complex brain networks (1)
- complex network (1)
- complexity (1)
- compliant electrodes (1)
- components (1)
- compression (1)
- computational biochemistry (1)
- concentration (1)
- conceptions (1)
- concrete (1)
- condensed matter (1)
- conducting polymer (1)
- conducting polymers (1)
- conduction (1)
- confocal Raman microscopy (1)
- conformational analysis (1)
- conformational and hydrodynamic characteristics (1)
- conformational changes (1)
- conformational properties (1)
- conformational selection (1)
- conical intersection (1)
- conjugated polyelectrolyte (1)
- connectivity (1)
- consecutive disasters (1)
- conservative random walks (1)
- constraint equations (1)
- construct map (1)
- contact layers (1)
- contact resistance (1)
- content analysis (1)
- continental rifting (1)
- continuation (1)
- continuous distribution model (1)
- continuous symmetries (1)
- continuous time random (1)
- continuous time random walks (1)
- contraction (1)
- convolutional neural networks (1)
- cool stars (1)
- cooperative transport (1)
- coordinate measurement machine (1)
- copper iodide (1)
- core-excited state dynamics (1)
- coronae (1)
- coronal currents (1)
- correlated noise (1)
- correlation functions (1)
- cortical network (1)
- cortical networks (1)
- cosmic ray diffusion (1)
- cosmic ray dynamo (1)
- cosmic ray theory (1)
- cosmic-rays (1)
- cosmological parameters (1)
- cosmology: dark matter, large-scale structure of the Universe (1)
- cosmology: miscellaneous (1)
- cosmology: miscellaneous cosmology (1)
- coupled (1)
- coupled climate model (1)
- coupled initial boundary value problem (1)
- coupling (1)
- coupling function (1)
- coupling sensitivity (1)
- covariance (1)
- crack (1)
- crack detection (1)
- critical adsorption (1)
- critical collapse (1)
- critical exponent (1)
- cross layer chip (1)
- cross recurrence plot (1)
- cross-over effect (1)
- crosslinked poly(propylene) (1)
- crosslinking (1)
- crossover anomalous diffusion dynamics (1)
- crossover dynamics (1)
- crowding (1)
- cryolithology (1)
- cryptography (1)
- crystal (1)
- crystal growth (1)
- crystal texture (1)
- crystalline ordering (1)
- crystalline phases (1)
- crystallinity (1)
- crystallization (1)
- cultural heritage (1)
- current voltage analysis (1)
- curved radial ridges (1)
- cycle (1)
- cycle-averaged tilt angle (1)
- cyclic voltammetry (1)
- cyclic-gmp (1)
- cyclic-olefin copolymer (1)
- damage evolution (1)
- damage quantification (1)
- dark energy theory (1)
- dark exciton (1)
- dark matter detectors (1)
- dark matter experiments (1)
- data based NARMAX modeling (1)
- data behind figure (1)
- data processing (1)
- decadal climate variability (1)
- decomposing anomalous diffusion (1)
- defect detection (1)
- degradation (1)
- dekadische Klimavariabilität (1)
- delay differential equation (1)
- delay faults (1)
- delay-differential equation (1)
- delayed feedback (1)
- delayed random walks (1)
- density functional calculations (1)
- density functional theory (1)
- dependent velocity (1)
- depolymerization (1)
- deposition (1)
- dermis (1)
- design concepts (1)
- design for Testability (1)
- detection (1)
- detectors (1)
- development of test instrument (1)
- diamagnetic currents (1)
- diaspora (1)
- dichalcogenides (1)
- dictyostelium-discoideum (1)
- dicytostelium (1)
- dielectric (1)
- dielectric elastomer (1)
- dielectric elastomers (1)
- dielectric function (1)
- dielectric hysteresis (1)
- dielectric non-linearities (1)
- dielectric polarisation (1)
- dielectric polymer (1)
- dielectric relaxation (1)
- dielectric resonance spectroscopy (1)
- dielectric spectroskopie (1)
- dielectrophoresis (1)
- dielektrische Elastomere (1)
- differential rotation (1)
- differential scanning calorimetry (1)
- diffraction efficiency (1)
- diffraction elastic constants (1)
- diffraction enhanced imaging (1)
- diffraction-elastic constants (1)
- diffraktionselastische Konstanten (1)
- diffusion coefficients (1)
- diffusion exponent (1)
- diffusion length (1)
- diffusion-influenced (1)
- diffusion-radation mechanisms (1)
- diffusion-wave equation (1)
- diffusioosmotic flow (1)
- diffusioosmotischer Fluss (1)
- diode-laser-arrays (1)
- diode-lasers (1)
- dip doping (1)
- dipole grafting (1)
- directed transport (1)
- direction of optomechanical stress (1)
- disc (1)
- discontinuous Galerkin method (1)
- discontinuous Galerkin methods (1)
- discrete beam cominer (1)
- diskreter Strahlkombinierer (1)
- dislocations (1)
- disordered systems (1)
- disordered systems (theory) (1)
- dispersion force (1)
- dispersion relations (1)
- dissertation (1)
- dissociative electron attachment (1)
- dissoziative Elektronen Anlagerung (1)
- distances (1)
- distortion (1)
- distributions of localised states (1)
- diurnal rhythm (1)
- doctor-blade coating (1)
- domain memory in polymer brushes (1)
- domain purity (1)
- domain wall motion (1)
- domains (1)
- domino effect (1)
- donor-acceptor interfaces (1)
- dosis measurement (1)
- double-layer (1)
- doubly transient chaos (1)
- drift length (1)
- drift-diffusion models (1)
- driven (1)
- driven diffusive systems (theory) (1)
- driving mechanism (1)
- drug tolerance (1)
- drug-delivery (1)
- dub-ambient (1)
- dunkles Exziton (1)
- durability (1)
- dustdynamic (1)
- dwarf spheroidal galaxies (1)
- dyna (1)
- dynamic and static quenching (1)
- dynamic forc (1)
- dynamic force spectroscopy (1)
- dynamic mechanical (1)
- dynamic of the atmosphere (1)
- dynamic structure factor (1)
- dynamic vibration absorber (1)
- dynamical cluster (1)
- dynamical patterns (1)
- dynamical transitions (1)
- dynamik (1)
- dynamische Klimatologie (1)
- dynamische Kraftspektroskopie (1)
- dynamische Muster (1)
- dynamische und statische Löschung (1)
- dynamo effect (1)
- dynamo theory (1)
- dysprosium (1)
- dünne Filme (1)
- dünne organische Schichten (1)
- dünne, flexible und formbare Schichten (1)
- early warning indicators (1)
- earth system modeling (1)
- earthquake prediction (1)
- echo state network (1)
- ecology (1)
- ecology and biodiversity (1)
- economic ripple resonance (1)
- economic ripples (1)
- econophysics (1)
- edit distance (1)
- effective polarization (1)
- efficient scattering (1)
- effiziente Streuung (1)
- eingefrorene Energielandschaft (1)
- ejecta (1)
- elastic conductor (1)
- elastic coupling (1)
- elastic substrates (1)
- elasticity (1)
- elasticity theory (1)
- elastische Kopplung (1)
- elastische Substrate (1)
- electret polymers (1)
- electret stability (1)
- electric double layer (1)
- electric field noise (1)
- electric sensing devices (1)
- electrical breakdown (1)
- electrical chemotaxis assay (1)
- electrical insulation (1)
- electrical polarization hysteresis (1)
- electricity consumption (1)
- electro-acoustic electric-charge and polarization profiling (1)
- electro-electrets (1)
- electro-fused zirconia (1)
- electro-mechanical transducers (1)
- electro-mechanically active polymers (1)
- electro-modulation microscopy (1)
- electro-optical (1)
- electro-optical materials (1)
- electroacoustic probing (1)
- electroanalysis (1)
- electrochemistry (1)
- electrodes (1)
- electrolytes (1)
- electromagnetic counterparts (1)
- electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves (1)
- electromechanical response (1)
- electromechanical transducers (sensors and actuators) (1)
- electromechanically active polymer (1)
- electron acceleration (1)
- electron backscatter diffraction (1)
- electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) (1)
- electron contact (1)
- electron flux (1)
- electron flux forecasts (1)
- electron lifetimes (1)
- electron localization (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- electron number density (1)
- electron spectroscopy (1)
- electron velocity distributions (1)
- electron-phonon scattering (1)
- electron-transport layers (1)
- electronic properties (1)
- electrostatic (1)
- electrostatic energy density (1)
- elektrische Doppelschicht (1)
- elektrische Isolierung (1)
- elektrische Raumladung (1)
- elektrischer Chemotaxis Assy (1)
- elektro-optisch (1)
- elektroakustische Abtastung elektrischer Ladungen und Dipolpolarisationen (1)
- elektromagnetische Strahlung (1)
- elektromechanische Reaktion (1)
- elektromechanische Wandler (Sensoren und Aktoren) (1)
- elektronische Eigenschaften (1)
- elektrostatische Energiedichte (1)
- elemental sulphur (1)
- elementarer Schwefel (1)
- elementary excitation (1)
- elevated-temperature effects on the operation of dielectric-elastomer (1)
- elliptic partial differential equations (1)
- elliptic systems (1)
- elliptische partielle Differentialgleichungen (1)
- elliptisches Gleichungssystem (1)
- embedding (1)
- embrittlement (1)
- emic waves (1)
- emission line classification (1)
- emissions (1)
- empirical prediction (1)
- empirische Modellierung (1)
- ena/vasp proteins (1)
- enacted PCK (1)
- encke (1)
- endliche Ensembles (1)
- energetic disorder (1)
- energetic disorders (1)
- energetic offset (1)
- energetic particle (1)
- energetische Unordnung (1)
- energy balance model (1)
- energy budget (1)
- energy estimate (1)
- energy gradients (1)
- energy levels (1)
- energy losses (1)
- energy spreading (1)
- energy use (1)
- ensemble (1)
- ensemble simulation (1)
- ensemble simulations (1)
- entrance test (1)
- environmental systems (1)
- enzymatic activity (1)
- enzymatic sensors (1)
- enzymatische Reaktionen (1)
- epidemics (1)
- epidermis (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- epilepsy (1)
- epitaktisch (1)
- epitaxial (1)
- epitaxial layers (1)
- equation (1)
- equation of state; (1)
- equatorial plasma depletions (1)
- equivalent-circuit (1)
- errata (1)
- eukaryotic chemotaxis (1)
- evolution (1)
- evolutions (1)
- exact results (1)
- exaction (1)
- excess energy (1)
- excitable networks (1)
- excited state proton transfer (1)
- excited state selectivity (1)
- excited-state chemical shift (1)
- excited-state proton-transfer (1)
- exciton dissociation (1)
- exciton dynamics (1)
- exclusion process (1)
- exclusion processes (1)
- exoplanet atmospheres (1)
- expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (1)
- experimental competencies (1)
- experimental model (1)
- experiments (1)
- explosives (1)
- external cavities (1)
- external generation efficiency (1)
- externe Resonatoren (1)
- extra-cellul (1)
- extraction (1)
- extragalactic physics (1)
- extragalactic stellar astronomy (1)
- extragalaktische Stellarastronomie (1)
- extrasolare Planeten (1)
- extraterrestrial intelligence (1)
- extrazelluläre Matr (1)
- extreme precipitation (1)
- extreme weather (1)
- extrusion (1)
- fabric electrodes (1)
- far infrared (1)
- favela (1)
- feldlinengerichtete Ströme (1)
- femtochemistry (1)
- femtosecond laser spectroscopy (1)
- femtosecond slicing (1)
- ferro- and piezoelectrets (1)
- ferroelectric and paraelectric phases (1)
- ferroelectric polarization (1)
- ferroelectric polymer (1)
- ferroelectric thin films (1)
- ferroelectricity (1)
- ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity in polymers (1)
- ferroelektrische Polarisation (1)
- ferroelektrische Polymere (1)
- ferromagnetism (1)
- fest-flüssig Grenzfläche (1)
- fiber coupling (1)
- fiber optic sensors (1)
- fiber-electrophoresis chip (1)
- field (1)
- field aligned currents (1)
- field experience (1)
- field line (1)
- field-aligned currents (1)
- field-effect (1)
- field-effect transistor (1)
- field-effect-transistor (1)
- fields (1)
- filament bundles (1)
- fill factor (1)
- film (1)
- film sensor (1)
- finite differences (1)
- finite element method (1)
- finite size (1)
- fired power plants (1)
- firn (1)
- first arrival (1)
- first passage process (1)
- first star (1)
- first stars (1)
- fixational eye movements (1)
- fixierte Augenbewegungen (1)
- flagellar filaments (1)
- flare - stars (1)
- flashover (1)
- flexible tandem solar cells (1)
- floods (1)
- flow (1)
- flow network (1)
- flow photolysis (1)
- fluctuation dissipation (1)
- fluctuation forces (1)
- fluctuation phenomena (1)
- fluctuation relations (1)
- fluctuation-dissipation theorem (1)
- flue organ pipe (1)
- fluid shells (1)
- fluorescent proteins (1)
- fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP) (1)
- fluorination (1)
- flussunterbrechende Analyse (1)
- flux (1)
- foam (1)
- foams (1)
- focal adhesion (1)
- folding dynamics (1)
- food security (1)
- force dipole (1)
- force dipoles (1)
- force methods (1)
- forced symmetry breaking (1)
- forces generated during surface relief grating formation (1)
- forecast (1)
- formal specification (1)
- formal verification (1)
- formation (1)
- four-wave mixing (1)
- fourier transformation (1)
- fractional Gaussian noise (1)
- fractional diffusion (1)
- fractional dynamic equations (1)
- fractional generalized Langevin equation (1)
- fractography (1)
- fraktionale Brown'schen Bewegung (1)
- fraktionales Gauß'sches Rauschen (1)
- free charge generation (1)
- free charge recombination (1)
- free electron laser (1)
- free electron lasers (1)
- free shear layers (1)
- freie Ladungsträger Rekombination (1)
- frequency analysis (1)
- frequency conversion (1)
- frequency response (1)
- frequency stabilisation (1)
- friction (1)
- frictional memory kernel (1)
- fullerene (1)
- fullerenes (1)
- function (1)
- functional connectivity (1)
- functional materials (1)
- functional theory (1)
- fundamental parameters (1)
- fundamentale Parameter (1)
- fungus (1)
- gadolinium (1)
- galactic centre (1)
- galactic magnetic fields (1)
- galactic population (1)
- galactic structure (1)
- galaktische Astronomie (1)
- galaktische Astrophysik (1)
- galaktische Magnetfelder (1)
- galaktische Population (1)
- galaxies: Seyfert (1)
- galaxies: active-galaxies: individual: PMN J0948+0022 (1)
- galaxies: clusters: individual (47 Tucanae) (1)
- galaxies: clusters: individual (Coma (ACO 1656)) (1)
- galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium (1)
- galaxies: distances and redshifts (1)
- galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD (1)
- galaxies: groups, clusters (1)
- galaxies: individual (1)
- galaxies: individual (B2 1215+30) (1)
- galaxies: individual (BL Lacertae, VER J2202+422) (1)
- galaxies: individual (Hydra II) (1)
- galaxies: individual (Large Magellanic Cloud, Small Magellanic Cloud) (1)
- galaxies: individual (M 87) (1)
- galaxies: individual (M 87, VER J1230+123) (1)
- galaxies: individual (Markarian 501) (1)
- galaxies: individual (RGB J2243+203) (1)
- galaxies: individual: 1ES 1741+196=VER J1744+195 (1)
- galaxies: individual: AM1353-272 B (1)
- galaxies: individual: Antennae Galaxy (1)
- galaxies: individual: ESO 338-4 (1)
- galaxies: individual: NGC 4038, NGC 4039 (1)
- galaxies: individual: PKS 0625-354 (1)
- galaxies: magnetic (1)
- galaxies: star clusters (1)
- galaxies: star clusters: individual (1)
- galaxies: statistics (1)
- galaxies: stellar content (1)
- galaxies: structure (1)
- galaxies:active (1)
- galaxies:distances and redshifts (1)
- galaxy (1)
- galaxy bars (1)
- galaxy bulges (1)
- galaxy clusters (1)
- galaxy dynamics (1)
- galaxy: general (1)
- galaxy: kinematics and dynamics (1)
- gamma astronomy (1)
- gamma ray detectors (1)
- gamma rays : stars (1)
- gamma rays: (1)
- gamma rays: diffuse (1)
- gamma rays: galaxies: clusters (1)
- gamma rays: general(HESS J0632+057, VER J0633+057) (1)
- gamma-ray (1)
- gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 130427A) (1)
- gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 150323A) (1)
- gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 170817A) (1)
- gamma-ray burst: individual (MGRO J1908+06, VER J1907+062) (1)
- gamma-ray burst: individual: GRB 100621A (1)
- gamma-ray bursts: general (1)
- gamma-ray polarization (1)
- gamma-rays: ISM (1)
- gamma-rays: stars (1)
- gammalib/ctools (1)
- gas chromatography (1)
- gefangene lichtartige Kurven (1)
- gekoppelt (1)
- gekoppelte System (1)
- gekrümmte radiale Bergrücken (1)
- gel network (1)
- gelatin (1)
- geminate recombination (1)
- gene expression (1)
- general circulation (1)
- generalised Langevin equation (1)
- generalised nonlinear Schrödinger equation (1)
- generalized diffusion equation (1)
- generational comparison (1)
- genetic Allee effects (1)
- genetic networks (1)
- genetic programming (1)
- genetics (1)
- geodynamo (1)
- geomagnetic activity (1)
- geomagnetic activity dependence (1)
- geomagnetic storms (1)
- geometrical deformations (1)
- geostationary orbit (1)
- gequetschte Zustände (1)
- gestufte Oberfläche (1)
- giant planets (1)
- giant vesicle (1)
- glacial-isostatic adjustment (1)
- glaciology (1)
- global description (1)
- globale Kupplung (1)
- globular clusters: individual: (SMASH 1) (1)
- globular clusters: individual: 47 Tuc (1)
- globular clusters: individual: 47 Tucanae (1)
- globular clusters: individual: NGC 2808 (1)
- globular clusters: individual: NGC 3201 (1)
- globular clusters: individual: NGC 6656 (1)
- globular clusters: individual: NGC5139 (1)
- glycerol oxidation (1)
- gold cluster (1)
- gold intercalation (1)
- gold nanoflowers (1)
- gold nanoparticle (1)
- gold substrate (1)
- gradient boosting (1)
- granular gas (1)
- granulare Kette (1)
- graph theory (1)
- grating (1)
- grating interferometry (1)
- ground based gamma ray astronomy (1)
- ground-motion variability (1)
- growth (1)
- großräumige Struktur (1)
- großräumige Struktur des Universums (1)
- großräumige Strukturen (1)
- guardrail approach (1)
- guided self assembly (1)
- habitability (1)
- halbleitendes Polymer (1)
- halogen bonding (1)
- haptic feedback (1)
- harmonic traps (1)
- hatural language (1)
- healing (1)
- heart cycle (1)
- heart failure (1)
- heat capacity (1)
- heat diffusion (1)
- heat flux (1)
- heat island (1)
- heat transfer (1)
- heat transport (1)
- heat treatment (1)
- heat-treatment (1)
- heatwaves (1)
- helicity (1)
- heliotropic (1)
- heliotropisch (1)
- heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- heterogeneous diffusion (1)
- heterogeneous diffusion process (1)
- heterogeneous ensemble of Brownian particles (1)
- heterogeneous media (1)
- hierarchical model (1)
- hierarchisches Model (1)
- high energy astrophysics (1)
- high energy physics (1)
- high field mobility (1)
- high harmonic (1)
- high harmonic generation (1)
- high impact polystyrene (1)
- high latitude (1)
- high performance polymers (1)
- high permittivity (1)
- high pressure (1)
- high redshift galaxies (1)
- high resolution (1)
- high resolution spectroscopy (1)
- high resolution x-ray diffraction (1)
- high strain rate (1)
- high temperature (1)
- high vacuum (1)
- high-energy astrophysical phenomena (1)
- high-frequency force (1)
- high-latitudinal thermosphere (1)
- high-order phase coupling (1)
- high-performance computing (1)
- high-redshift galaxies (1)
- high-school education (1)
- high-velocity-clouds (1)
- higher-order effects (1)
- histomorphometry (1)
- histone modifications (1)
- hoch rotverschobene Galaxien (1)
- hochauflösende Röntgenstreuung (1)
- hochenergetische Astrophysik (1)
- hohe Auflösung (1)
- hohe Permittivität (1)
- hoher Rotverschiebung (1)
- hole (1)
- hole extraction (1)
- hole selective materials (1)
- hopf-bifurcation (1)
- host galaxies (1)
- host-guest systems (1)
- human behaviour (1)
- human dynamics (1)
- humidity (1)
- humidity sensor (1)
- hybrid functional (1)
- hybrid manufacturing (1)
- hybrid multi-junction solar cell (1)
- hybrid nanomaterials (1)
- hybrid synthesis (1)
- hybrid thin solar cells (1)
- hybride Mehrschichtsolarzellen (1)
- hybride Solarzellen (1)
- hydrochemistry (1)
- hydrodynamic flow (1)
- hydrodynamic model (1)
- hydrodynamic modeling (1)
- hydrodynamical model (1)
- hydrodynamische Modellierung (1)
- hydrogen (1)
- hydrogen bonds (1)
- hydrogen evolution reaction (1)
- hydrolysis (1)
- hydrophoben und hydrophile Wechselwirkungen (1)
- hypersound propagation (1)
- hypervelocity stars (1)
- ice clouds (1)
- ice core (1)
- ice sheet (1)
- ice sheet modelling (1)
- ice-sheet (1)
- identification (1)
- ill-posed problem (1)
- image data analysis (1)
- image processing (1)
- image registration (1)
- imaging (1)
- imidazolium (1)
- immunosensors (1)
- impact cratering (1)
- impact simulation (1)
- impacts (1)
- impedance spectroscopy (1)
- importance sampling (1)
- imprinted electrodes (1)
- impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (1)
- impulsive stimulierte Raman Streuung (1)
- in situ atomic force microscopy (1)
- in situ monitoring (1)
- in situ thermography (1)
- in-situ atomic force microscopy (1)
- incoherent light (1)
- incoherent radiation (1)
- individual molecules spectroscopy (1)
- individual: CU Vir (1)
- individual: NGC1501 (1)
- indomethacin (1)
- induced fit (1)
- induzierte Passform (1)
- inference (1)
- influence of weak magnetic fields on living systems (1)
- information (1)
- information theory (1)
- infrared (1)
- infrared: ISM (1)
- infrared: general (1)
- infrared: planetary systems (1)
- injection (1)
- inner radiation zone and slot region (1)
- inquiry based learning (1)
- instability control (1)
- instructional (1)
- instructional explanation (1)
- instrumentation (1)
- instrumentation: adaptive optics (1)
- instrumentation: miscellaneous (1)
- instrumentation: polarimeters (1)
- instrumentation: spectrographs (1)
- integrability (1)
- integrated assessment (1)
- integrierte Optik (1)
- integrierten Optik (1)
- integrierter Spektrograph (1)
- interaction (1)
- interaction parameter (1)
- interface recombination (1)
- interfacial layers (1)
- interfacial recombination (1)
- interference pattern (1)
- interferometers (1)
- interferometry (1)
- intergalaktisches Medium (IGM) (1)
- interiors (1)
- interlayer time (1)
- intermittency (1)
- intermolecular force (1)
- intermolecular interaction (1)
- intermolekülare Wechselwirkung (1)
- internal variability (1)
- international migration modeling (1)
- internationale Migration (1)
- interoception (1)
- interoceptive sensitivity (1)
- interspecies interchange (1)
- interspecific competition (1)
- interstellare Materie (1)
- intersystem crossing (1)
- intracellular transport (1)
- intracluster medium (1)
- intrazellulärer Transport (1)
- inventory (1)
- inversion (1)
- ion channels (1)
- ion migration (1)
- ion optics (1)
- ion trap (1)
- ionic conductivity (1)
- ionic crosslinking (1)
- ionic liquid (1)
- ionic liquids (1)
- ionischer Self-Assembly (1)
- ionogels (1)
- ionosphere interactions (1)
- ions (1)
- iron cyanides (1)
- iron pentacarbonyl (1)
- isostatic rebound (1)
- isotope variations (1)
- isotropic fast mode turbulence (1)
- iteration method (1)
- iterative Methoden zur Lösung linearer Systeme (1)
- iterative Rekonstruktion (1)
- iterative methods for sparse linear systems (1)
- jet stream (1)
- jets (1)
- katalytische Isomerisation von Azobenzolen (1)
- keratocytle-like motility (1)
- kesterite (1)
- kind of radiation (1)
- kinematics (1)
- kinetic (1)
- kinetic Alfven (1)
- kinetic of cis-trans isomerization (1)
- kinetic-theory (1)
- kinetik (1)
- kinetische Theorie (1)
- kognitive Prozesse (1)
- kohärente Phononen (1)
- kollimation (1)
- komplex (1)
- komplexe Hirnnetzwerke (1)
- komplexe Systeme (1)
- komplexes Netzwerk (1)
- kompression (1)
- kondensierte Materie (1)
- konfokales Laser-Scanning-Mikroskop (1)
- konische Kreuzung (1)
- kooperativer Transport (1)
- koronale Stromsysteme (1)
- kortikale Netzwerke (1)
- kosmische Strahlung Dynamo (1)
- kosmologische Computersimulationen (1)
- kosmologische Simulationen (1)
- kritische Fluktuationen (1)
- kritischer Exponent (1)
- kritischer Kollaps (1)
- kryptografie (1)
- kühle Sterne (1)
- label-free detection (1)
- laboratory x-ray diffraction (1)
- lacunae (1)
- lacuno-canalicular network (1)
- lake shorelines (1)
- lakuno-kanaliculäres Netzwerk (1)
- land conversion (1)
- langreichweitig (1)
- langreichweitige Korrelationen (1)
- langsam rotierende Kerr-Raumzeiten (1)
- language processing (1)
- large area devices (1)
- large deviation function (1)
- large deviation theory (1)
- large-scale structure (1)
- large-scale structure formation (1)
- large-scale structure of universe (1)
- large-scale system (1)
- laser illumination (1)
- laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) (1)
- laser powder bed fusions (1)
- laser-based additive manufacturing (1)
- late-type (1)
- late-type stars (1)
- lattice distortion (1)
- lattice gas (1)
- lattice models (1)
- lead (1)
- lead halide perovskite (1)
- lead halide perovskite films (1)
- lead halide perovskites (LHP) (1)
- leakage scheme (1)
- learning environment (1)
- leitfähige Polymere (1)
- licht-getrieben (1)
- life history evolution (1)
- lifetime (1)
- lifetime‐ mobility product (1)
- ligand (1)
- light driven reversible change of surface topography and thickness (1)
- light emission (1)
- light management (1)
- light photocontrol (1)
- light polarisation (1)
- light responsive DNA (1)
- light responsive microgels (1)
- light responsive polymer brushes (1)
- light-driven (1)
- light-driven diffusioosmosis (1)
- light-emitting diodes (1)
- light-induced DNA de-compaction (1)
- light-induced deformation (1)
- light-induced mass transport (1)
- line search (1)
- line: formation (1)
- linear cellular automaton (1)
- linear response theory (1)
- linear stability analysis (1)
- linker histones (1)
- lipid membranes (1)
- lipid-anchored saccharide (1)
- lipid-verankerte Saccharide (1)
- lipids (1)
- liposomes (1)
- liquid crystal (1)
- liquid crystal alignment (1)
- liquid crystal polymers (1)
- local (1)
- local density approximation (1)
- local group (1)
- local insterstellar matter (1)
- local seismicity (1)
- localization (1)
- localization microscopy (1)
- lokale Dichte-Näherung (1)
- lokalen Gruppe (1)
- long range (1)
- long-chain alkane (1)
- long-memory (1)
- long-range dependence (1)
- loop closure (1)
- loop quantum gravity (1)
- loss (1)
- loss mechanisms (1)
- loss propagation (1)
- low donor content (1)
- low-dimensional models (1)
- low-frequency force (1)
- macro-economic modelling (1)
- macroeconomic impacts (1)
- magnesium oxide (1)
- magnetic and phononic system (1)
- magnetic beads (1)
- magnetic field (1)
- magnetic field generation (1)
- magnetic field satellites (1)
- magnetic fields - methods (1)
- magnetic flux tubes (1)
- magnetic microstructures (1)
- magnetic nanoparticles (1)
- magnetic noise (1)
- magnetic pressure (1)
- magnetic proximity effect (1)
- magnetisation (1)
- magnetische resonante Beugung (1)
- magnetischem Röntgendichroismus (XMCD) (1)
- magnetischer Näherungseffekt (1)
- magnetischer Zirkulardichroismus (1)
- magnetisches Rauschen (1)
- magnetisches und phononisches System (1)
- magnetizationdynamic (1)
- magneto-optics (1)
- magnetoelasticity (1)
- magnetohydrodynamic (1)
- magnetometer calibration (1)
- magnetosome chains (1)
- magnetosonic (1)
- magnetosonic equatorial noise (1)
- magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling (1)
- magnetospheric average ion mass (1)
- magnetospheric physics (1)
- magnetospheric plasma spatial (1)
- magnetospheric waves (1)
- magnetosphärischen Wellen (1)
- magnetotactic bacteria (1)
- magnetotaktische Bakterien (1)
- major mergers (1)
- makroökonomische Folgen (1)
- man-made dipole (1)
- manifold detection (1)
- manipulation (1)
- manufacturing (AM) (1)
- manufacturing automation (1)
- marine ice-sheet instability (1)
- markov processes (1)
- maschinelles Lernen (1)
- masers (1)
- mass (1)
- mass extinctions (1)
- mass loss (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- mass wasting (1)
- mass-wasting velocities (1)
- massive Schwarze Löcher (1)
- massive Sterne (1)
- massive black holes (1)
- master (1)
- master equation (1)
- master equations (1)
- material properties (1)
- mathematics education (1)
- matrix composites (1)
- maximum entropy analysis (1)
- mean first passage times (1)
- mean free path (1)
- mean residence time (1)
- mean square displacement (1)
- mean squared displacement (1)
- mean-field model (1)
- mean-field theory (1)
- meanfield (1)
- mechanical and acoustical properties (1)
- mechanical behavior (1)
- mechanical effects of light (1)
- mechanische und akustische Eigenschaften (1)
- mechanisches Verhalten (1)
- mechano-chemical coupling and thermodynamic efficiency (1)
- mechanosensor (1)
- mechanotransduction (1)
- melt-quench-anneal (1)
- melting slm (1)
- membrane adhesion (1)
- membrane adhesion forces (1)
- membrane curvature (1)
- membrane tube (1)
- membranes (1)
- memory applications (1)
- memory kernel (1)
- menschliche Dynamik (1)
- mesocrystals (1)
- mesoporous (1)
- mesoporous silicon (1)
- mesoporös (1)
- metabolic regulation (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metal carbonyls (1)
- metal matrix composite (1)
- metal optics (1)
- metal oxide (1)
- metal-free photocatalysis (1)
- metal/multilayered graphene/polymer interfaces (1)
- metal/polymer interface (1)
- metal/polymer interfaces (1)
- meteorology (1)
- methane localization (1)
- methodology (1)
- methods (1)
- methods: Data analysis (1)
- methods: MHD (1)
- methods: Observational (1)
- mhd turbulence (1)
- micro computed tomography (XCT) (1)
- micro swimmer (1)
- micro- and nanotechnologies (1)
- micro-energy harvesting (1)
- microchannel (1)
- microfluidic paper analytic device (mu PAD) (1)
- microfluidics (1)
- microgel (1)
- micrometeorology (1)
- micropipetten (1)
- microsaccades (1)
- microstructure (1)
- microstructure-property relations (1)
- microstructured fiber (1)
- microstructured surface (1)
- microstrukturierte Oberfläche (1)
- microswimmers (1)
- microtransport and -assembly (1)
- mid-temperature transition(s) (1)
- migration transition (1)
- mikrostrukturierte Faser (1)
- mineralization (1)
- minor planets, asteroids: general (1)
- mixed domains (1)
- mixed-effect analysis (1)
- mixed-phase clouds (1)
- mixing parameterization (1)
- mobile ions (1)
- mobile-immobile model (1)
- mock data catalogues (1)
- mock observations (1)
- mode-locking (1)
- model coupling (1)
- model tuning (1)
- modellinterne Variabilitaet (1)
- modes of (1)
- modification stage (1)
- modified dispersion relations (1)
- modified electrode (1)
- modified gravitational dynamics (1)
- modified gravity (1)
- modular logic programs (1)
- moist static energy (1)
- molar mass distribution (1)
- mold (1)
- molecular and Brownian motors (1)
- molecular brushes (1)
- molecular conformation (1)
- molecular crowding (1)
- molecular crystals (1)
- molecular dynamics method (1)
- molecular hydrodynamics and (1)
- molecular imprinted polymers (1)
- molecular motor (1)
- molecular overcrowding (1)
- molecular proton dynamics (1)
- molecular weight (1)
- molecular weight distribution (1)
- molecule (1)
- molecules (1)
- molekulare Dotierung (1)
- molekulares Dotieren (1)
- molten sulfur (1)
- molybdenum oxide (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monolayer (1)
- monsoon (1)
- monsoon breaks (1)
- monsoon failure (1)
- morphogenesis (1)
- motility assay (1)
- motion registration (1)
- motivation (1)
- motor cycle (1)
- motor velocity (1)
- mu CT imaging (1)
- multi protein complex formation (1)
- multi-layer systems (1)
- multi-messenger astronomy (1)
- multi-messenger astrophysics (1)
- multi-scale (1)
- multi-scaling (1)
- multi-spectrum regularization (1)
- multi-stakeholder (1)
- multichannel (1)
- multichannel Raman spectroscopy (1)
- multicomponent system (1)
- multidimensional fractional diffusion equation (1)
- multiferroic heterostructure (1)
- multiferroischen Heterostruktur (1)
- multilayer graphene deformation (1)
- multiple (1)
- multiplicative noise (1)
- multipolar gravitational waves (1)
- multivariate analysis (1)
- mushroom instability (1)
- music instruments (1)
- musical acoustics (1)
- musikalische Akustik (1)
- mutual information (1)
- myosin II (1)
- nano-electrodes (1)
- nano-object motion (1)
- nanoclusters (1)
- nanocomposites (1)
- nanofiber (1)
- nanomaterials (1)
- nanoparticle (1)
- nanoplate capacitor (1)
- nanoscale friction and thermal noise (1)
- nanoscale modeling (1)
- nanoskaliger Wärmetransport (1)
- nanostructured metal surface (1)
- nanostructures (1)
- naphthalenediimide (1)
- natriuretic peptide system (1)
- natural disasters (1)
- natural language processing (1)
- natural resources (biological and non-biological) (1)
- near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- nebulae: general (1)
- nematic LC (1)
- network dynamics (1)
- network inference (1)
- network theory (1)
- neural (1)
- neural synchonization (1)
- neuronale Netze (1)
- neutron (1)
- neutron powder diffraction (1)
- neutron reflectometry (1)
- neutron resonance spin-echo spectroscopy (1)
- neutron spin-echo (1)
- neutron star mergers (1)
- neutrophils (1)
- next generation Cherenkov telescopes (1)
- nichlineare Phononik (1)
- nicht klassische Zustände (1)
- nicht-Markovsche Dynamik (1)
- nicht-thermische Emission (1)
- nicht-thermische Strahlung (1)
- nichtgenestete Modellselektion (1)
- nichtgleichgewichts Dynamik (1)
- nichtlinear (1)
- nichtlineare Dynamiken (1)
- nichtlineare Dynamo (1)
- nichtlineare Oszillationen (1)
- nichtlineare Wellenmischung (1)
- nichtlineare Zeitreihenanalyse (1)
- nichtstrahlende Verluste (1)
- noise in biochemical signalling (1)
- noise-induced excitability (1)
- noise-induced oscillation suppression (1)
- non-Gaussian (1)
- non-Gaussian distribution (1)
- non-Gaussian probability (1)
- non-Langevin reduction factors (1)
- non-classicality (1)
- non-contact heat transfer (1)
- non-equilibrium dynamics (1)
- non-equilibrium steady state (1)
- non-exponential relaxation (1)
- non-exponential statistics (1)
- non-extensive statistics (1)
- non-gaussianity (1)
- non-geminate recombination (1)
- non-halogenated solvents (1)
- non-integer dimension (1)
- non-linear microscopy (1)
- non-linear optics (1)
- non-linear oscillators (1)
- non-local field theory (1)
- non-nested model selection (1)
- non-thermal emission (1)
- non-thermal radiation (1)
- non-thermal-pulsars (1)
- non-volatile memory (1)
- nonadaptive evolution (1)
- nondestructive testing (1)
- nonequilibrium (1)
- nonequilibrium electrodynamics of nanosystems (1)
- nonequilibrium physics (1)
- nonequilibrium stationary state (1)
- nonliear dynamo (1)
- nonlinear (1)
- nonlinear Dynamics (1)
- nonlinear acoustics (1)
- nonlinear data analysis (1)
- nonlinear dynamical systems (1)
- nonlinear excited fluorescence (1)
- nonlinear frequency conversion (1)
- nonlinear lattice (1)
- nonlinear microscopy (1)
- nonlinear optics (1)
- nonlinear systems (1)
- nonlocal coupled oscillators (1)
- nonlocally coupled phase oscillators (1)
- nonstationary diffusivity (1)
- nonsymmetric linear-systems (1)
- northern (1)
- novae (1)
- nucleation and growth (1)
- nucleobase (1)
- nudging (1)
- number (1)
- numeric device simulations (1)
- numerical astrophysics (1)
- numerical experiments (1)
- numerical ice modeling (1)
- numerical schemes (1)
- numerical simulation (1)
- numerical techniques (1)
- numerische Astrophysik (1)
- numerische Bauteilsimulationen (1)
- numerische Methoden (1)
- numerische Relativität (1)
- numerische Relativitätstheorie (1)
- numerische Relativiät (1)
- numerischen Relativitätstheorie (1)
- o (1)
- observations with TESS (1)
- observatory (1)
- ocean model (1)
- ocean-atmosphere energy exchange (1)
- offene Sternhaufen und stellare Assoziationen (1)
- offener Sternhaufen (1)
- offenes Quantensystem (1)
- on-sky tests (1)
- one-dimensional Bose gas (1)
- onset (1)
- opacity (1)
- open circuit voltage (1)
- open cluster (1)
- open cluster and associations: individual: Quintuplet (1)
- open clusters and associations: individual (Cl Bochum 10, Cl Bochum 11, Cl Collinder 228, Cl Trumpler 14, Cl Trumpler 15, Cl Trumpler 16) (1)
- open clusters and associations: individual (NGC 602) (1)
- open clusters and associations: individual (Trumpler 16) (1)
- open clusters and associations: individual: Quintuplet (1)
- open clusters and associations: individual: Trapezium cluster (1)
- open clusters and stellar associations (1)
- open quantum systems (1)
- open-circuit voltage decay (1)
- optical feedback (1)
- optical fiber bundle (1)
- optical fibers (1)
- optical frequency combs (1)
- optical hole burning (1)
- optical interconnections (1)
- optical near-field (1)
- optical pump (1)
- optical pump - X-ray probe spectroscopy (1)
- optical pump X-ray probe (1)
- optical simulations (1)
- optical solitons (1)
- optical tomography (1)
- optically induced dynamics (1)
- optically thin clouds (1)
- option pricing (1)
- optisch dünne Wolken (1)
- optisch induzierte Dynamik (1)
- optische Anregung (1)
- optische Fasern (1)
- optische Frequenzkämme (1)
- optische Solitonen (1)
- optoelectronic measurements (1)
- optoelektronische Messungen (1)
- optomechanical forces (1)
- optoplasmonic (1)
- organ pipe (1)
- organ pipes (1)
- organic (1)
- organic crystal (1)
- organic electronic (1)
- organic field-effect transistors (1)
- organic light-emitting diode (1)
- organic semiconductors; (1)
- organic-inorganic hybrids (1)
- organisch-anorganische Hybride (1)
- organische Kristalle (1)
- organische Solarzelle (1)
- organischer Halbleiter (1)
- organohalide lead perovskites (1)
- orientation approaches (1)
- orientation of azobenzenes in polymer brushes (1)
- oscillation (1)
- oscillator populations (1)
- osmotic-stress (1)
- osteoporosis (1)
- outflows X-rays: binaries (1)
- outflows; (1)
- overheating (1)
- oxidation state (1)
- oxygen plasma (1)
- oxygen quenching (1)
- oxygen torus (1)
- ozone loss (1)
- p-type (1)
- packaging (1)
- palaeoclimate (1)
- paleoclimatology (1)
- parallel immobilization of biomolecules (1)
- parallele Immobilisierung von Biomolekülen (1)
- parameter (1)
- parameter inference (1)
- parametrically excited oscillator (1)
- parametrisch erregter Oszillator (1)
- partial synchronization (1)
- particle morphology (1)
- particle physics (1)
- particle physics - cosmology connection (1)
- particle transport (1)
- passivation (1)
- path integration (1)
- patient immobilization (1)
- patterning glass microfiber (1)
- patterns (1)
- peak load (1)
- peculiar velocities (1)
- peptide-membrane-interaction (1)
- percolation threshold (1)
- period doubling (1)
- periodically poled material (1)
- perovskite oxides (1)
- perovskite semiconductors (1)
- persistence (1)
- persistence length (1)
- perturbation approach (1)
- perturbation theory (1)
- ph-responsive microgels (1)
- phase approximation (1)
- phase coupling (1)
- phase demodulation (1)
- phase diagram (1)
- phase diffusion (1)
- phase dynamics (1)
- phase equations (1)
- phase field model (1)
- phase grating (1)
- phase lag (1)
- phase oscillator (1)
- phase response curve (1)
- phase rule (1)
- phase space density (1)
- phase space reconstruction (1)
- phase spectrum (1)
- phase-amplitude mixing (1)
- phase-transition boundary (1)
- phenotypic heterogeneity (1)
- philosophy of science (1)
- phonon (1)
- phonon backfolding (1)
- phonon damping (1)
- phonon dispersion relations (1)
- phonon dynamics (1)
- phonon modes (1)
- phonon polariton (1)
- phonons (1)
- phospholipid membranes (1)
- phosphonic acid (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- photo electron spectroscopy (1)
- photo physics (1)
- photo-chemical pathways (1)
- photo-emission electron microscopy (PEEM) (1)
- photo-stimulated discharge (1)
- photo-structuring of polymer films (1)
- photoacoustic effect (1)
- photoakustischer Effekt (1)
- photodissociation (1)
- photodissociation region (PDR) (1)
- photoelectrochemistry (1)
- photoelectron microscopy (1)
- photoexcitation (1)
- photoexcited hole transfer (1)
- photogeneration (1)
- photoinduced dynamics (1)
- photoisomerization (1)
- photometric (1)
- photon statistics (1)
- photonic bandgap (1)
- photonic crystal (1)
- photonic crystal fibers (1)
- photonic lanterns (1)
- photonische Laternen (1)
- photophysics (1)
- photoresponsive surfactants (1)
- photosensitive Polymer (1)
- photosensitive brushes (1)
- photosensitive polymer films (1)
- photosensitive polymers (1)
- photosensitive soft objects (1)
- photosphere (1)
- photoswitches (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- photothermal conversion (1)
- photovoltaic (1)
- physical activity (1)
- physical chemistry (1)
- physical hydrogels (1)
- physics of flares (1)
- physics of musical instruments (1)
- picosecond acoustics (1)
- piezo-, pyro- and ferroelectricity (1)
- piezo-optical (1)
- piezo-optisch (1)
- piezoelectric measurements (1)
- piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) (1)
- piezoelectricity-polarization relation (1)
- piezoelektrische Sensoren (1)
- pitch angle distributions (1)
- pitch angle scattering (1)
- planar lightwave circuit (1)
- planare Lichtwellenleiter (1)
- planetary (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual (A30 and A78) (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual (A30) (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual (A78) (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual: Abell 48 (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual: Hen 2-84 (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual: NGC40 (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual: PN G029.0+00.4 (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual: Stingray nebula (Henize 3-1357) (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual: SwSt1 (1)
- planetary wave propagation (1)
- planetary wave resonance (1)
- planets (1)
- planets and (1)
- planets and satellites (1)
- planets and satellites: composition (1)
- planets and satellites: detection (1)
- planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability (1)
- planets and satellites: gaseous (1)
- planets and satellites: individual: AU Mic b (1)
- planets and satellites: individual: Jupiter (1)
- plant growth (1)
- plasma (1)
- plasma flows (1)
- plasma pressure (1)
- plasma-membrane (1)
- plasmasphere (1)
- plasmaspheric plume (1)
- plasmon nano-particles (1)
- plasmonic catalysis (1)
- plasmonische Katalyse (1)
- plasmonische Nanopartikeln (1)
- pnCCD (1)
- point defect (1)
- polar (1)
- polar motion (1)
- polar research (1)
- polar vortex (1)
- polarized radiation (1)
- policies (1)
- politics (1)
- poly(gamma-benzyl L-glutamate) (1)
- poly(heptazine imide) (1)
- poly(vinylidene fluoride) (1)
- poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE) (1)
- poly-DADMAC (1)
- polydispersity (1)
- polyelectrolyte (1)
- polyelectrolyte brushes (1)
- polyelectrolyte layer (1)
- polyelectrolyte multilayer (1)
- polyethylene nanocomposites (1)
- polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) (1)
- polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- polymer aggregation (1)
- polymer crystal orientation (1)
- polymer electrets (1)
- polymer ferroelectrets (1)
- polymer film (1)
- polymer films (1)
- polymer foam (1)
- polymer physics (1)
- polymer translocation (1)
- polymer-electret (1)
- polymer-foam films (1)
- polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction (1)
- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (1)
- polypyrrole (1)
- polystyrene nano-spheres (1)
- polysulfobetaine (1)
- polytetrafluoroethylene (1)
- polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (1)
- polythiohene (1)
- polyurethanes (1)
- population (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- populations (1)
- pore orientation (1)
- porosity analysis (1)
- porphyrin (1)
- poröse Siliciumdioxidpartikel (1)
- position control (1)
- positioning (1)
- post-AGB stars (1)
- post-Newton (1)
- post-depositional (1)
- post-translational (1)
- post-translationale Assemblierung (1)
- potential ene rgy surface (1)
- potential landscape (1)
- potential-energy surface (1)
- powder particle analysis (1)
- power conversion efficiency (1)
- power law and power-law breakdown (1)
- power spectral density (1)
- practicum (1)
- pre-main sequence stars (1)
- preconceptions (1)
- precursor (1)
- predator-prey model (1)
- predictive modeling (1)
- preferred orientation (1)
- pressure (1)
- pressure gradient (1)
- prestabilization (1)
- primordial black holes (1)
- printed electroacoustic thin-film transducers (1)
- printing (1)
- probabilistic inference (1)
- process (1)
- process inference (1)
- process monitoring (1)
- professional knowledge (1)
- professionalization (1)
- propagating surface plasmons (1)
- propellers (1)
- proper motions (1)
- proteasome (1)
- protein kinetics (1)
- protein translocation (1)
- protein-protein interaction (1)
- protostars (1)
- proximity effect (1)
- proxy uncertainty (1)
- proxy understanding (1)
- pseudomonas putida (1)
- pulsars : individual (PSR J2021+3651) (1)
- pulsars: individual (PSR J0633+1746, Geminga) (1)
- pulsars: individual (PSR J1023+0038) (1)
- pulsars: individual (PSR J1907+0602) (1)
- pulsars: individual (PSR J2032+4127) (1)
- pulsars: individual (PSR J2032+4127, VER J2032+414, MAGIC J2032+4127) (1)
- pulsars: individual: 4U0114+65 (1)
- pulsars: individual: B0531+21 (1)
- pulsars: individual: LS V+22 25 (1)
- pulsars: individual: PSR B1259-63 (1)
- pulsars: individual: SXP 1062 (1)
- pulsars: individual: SXP1062 (1)
- pulsars: individual: rho Ophiuchi A (1)
- pulse compression (1)
- pulse front matching (1)
- pulse shortening (1)
- pump-probe experiment (1)
- pupil remappers (1)
- pure aluminium (1)
- purification (1)
- pyroelectricity (1)
- quality (1)
- quanteninformation (1)
- quantenkanal (1)
- quantenkodierung (1)
- quantifizierende Rekurrenzanalyse (1)
- quantitative Inhaltsanalyse (1)
- quantization of field theories (1)
- quantum (1)
- quantum batteries (1)
- quantum channel (1)
- quantum computer (1)
- quantum correlations (1)
- quantum degenerate BEC FDS ultacold atoms (1)
- quantum effects (1)
- quantum electrodynamics (1)
- quantum electrodynamics (QED) (1)
- quantum eraser (1)
- quantum fluctuations (1)
- quantum gas (1)
- quantum gases (1)
- quantum information (1)
- quantum many-body theory (1)
- quantum phase transition (1)
- quantum regression theorem (1)
- quantum wire (1)
- quasar: absorption line (1)
- quasars: (1)
- quasars: emission lines (1)
- quasars: individual (PKS 0405-123) (1)
- quasars: individual (SDSS J092447.36+485242.8, SDSS J110155.74+105302.3) (1)
- quasars: individual (SDSS J142253.31-000149) (1)
- quasars: individual (SDSS J213748+001220, SDSS J215200+062516) (1)
- quasars: individual: 3C 279 (1)
- quasars: individual: HE 0027-1836 (1)
- quasars: individual: HE 2217-2818 (1)
- quasars: individual: HS 1549+1919 (1)
- quasars: individual: LBQS 0302-0018 (1)
- quasars: individual: LBQS 0302-0019 (1)
- quasars: individual: PKS 0208-512 (1)
- quasars: individual: PKS 1510-089 (1)
- quasars: individual: PKS1127-145 (1)
- quasars: individual: QSO 0347-383 (1)
- quasars: supermassive black holes (1)
- quasi-condensate (1)
- quasi-free-standing graphene (1)
- quasi-geostrophic model (1)
- quasi-geostropisches Modell (1)
- quasi-particle interaction (1)
- quasi-particles (1)
- quasi-periodic oscillation (1)
- quasiparticle interactions (1)
- quasiperiodic dynamical systems (1)
- quasiperiodisches dynamisches System (1)
- quenching (1)
- quorum sensing (1)
- r and K selection (1)
- radiation belt (1)
- radiation belt electrons (1)
- radiation belt forecasts (1)
- radiation load (1)
- radiation mechanisms (1)
- radiation pressure (1)
- radiation: dynamics (1)
- radiative transfer modeling (1)
- radio (1)
- radio burst (1)
- radio continuum: ISM (1)
- radio continuum: galaxies (1)
- radio continuum: general (1)
- radiobiology (1)
- radiography (1)
- raman (1)
- raman-scattering (1)
- random copolymer (1)
- random processes (1)
- random search process (1)
- random search processes (1)
- rare earth (1)
- ratchets (1)
- rate constants (1)
- rate equation (1)
- rate of (1)
- raumartige Unendliche (1)
- rays: stars (1)
- reaction rate constants (1)
- reaction-advection-diffusion equation (1)
- reaction-diffusion models (1)
- reaction-diffusion system (1)
- reactions (1)
- reactive annealing (1)
- reaktives Anlassen (1)
- reanalysis (1)
- receptor (1)
- recognition (1)
- recombination losses (1)
- reconfigurable matter (1)
- recrystallization (1)
- recurrences (1)
- red giant stars (1)
- refined consensus model (1)
- refined spacetime geometries (1)
- reflected Brownian motion (1)
- reflexion (1)
- regge calculus (1)
- regime shifts (1)
- region (1)
- regional (1)
- regional climate modelling (1)
- regional climate simulations (1)
- regional modeling (1)
- regionale Klimamodellierung (1)
- regionale Klimasimulationen (1)
- regionales Klimamodell (1)
- regionales Modell (1)
- regular planar architecture (1)
- regularization (1)
- rein optisches helizitätsabhängiges Schalten (AO-HDS) (1)
- relationships (1)
- relative total electron content (1)
- relativistic electron precipitation (1)
- relativistic hydrodynamics (1)
- relativistische Hydrodynamik (1)
- relativistische Prozesse (1)
- relaxation dynamics (1)
- remagnetization (1)
- remanent polarisation (1)
- remodelers (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- renormalization and refinement limit (1)
- repercussion resonance (1)
- reproduction (1)
- resetting (1)
- residual stress analysis (1)
- resolution matrix (1)
- resonance fluorescence (1)
- resonances (1)
- resonant X-ray scattering (1)
- resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (1)
- resonant inelastic X-ray scattering; (1)
- resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (1)
- resonant soft x-ray diffraction (1)
- resonante inelastische Röntgenstreuung (1)
- resonante weiche Röntgenbeugung (1)
- responsive polymer (1)
- retrieval (1)
- return level estimation (1)
- return migration (1)
- reversal (1)
- ribosome assembly (1)
- ring (1)
- ring current model (1)
- ringe (1)
- rings (1)
- river dynamics on glacial timescales (1)
- river floods (1)
- robotic (1)
- rock (1)
- rods (1)
- rollende Adhäsion (1)
- rotation curves (1)
- rotation curves of galaxies (1)
- rotational diffusion (1)
- rote Riesensterne (1)
- run and tumble (1)
- runaway stars (1)
- rückgekoppelte Zufallsprozesse (1)
- saccade detection (1)
- sagittal X-ray diffraction (1)
- satellite galaxies (1)
- satellites: atmospheres (1)
- saturn (1)
- scalar fields (1)
- scanning tunneling microscopy (1)
- scanning tunneling spectroscopy (1)
- scattering resonances (1)
- school (1)
- school internship (1)
- science education (1)
- screen (1)
- screen-printed (1)
- sea ice (1)
- sea-level (1)
- sea-level change (1)
- search dynamics (1)
- search optimization (1)
- seasonal cyclone activity forecasts (1)
- seasonality (1)
- second-harmonic generation (1)
- secure communication (1)
- segmentations (1)
- sehr hohe Energien (1)
- seismicity (1)
- seismogenic zone (1)
- selbst-getriebene Partikel (1)
- selbsterhaltende Oszillatoren (1)
- selection-linked integration (1)
- selective contact (1)
- self-assembled monolayers (1)
- self-assembly (1)
- self-gravity (1)
- self-organisation (1)
- self-organization (1)
- self-propelled particle (1)
- self-steepening (1)
- self-sustained Oscillators (1)
- self-sustained oscillations (1)
- seltene Erden (1)
- semantic incongruity (1)
- semi-empirical models (1)
- semiclassical states (1)
- semiconducting polymer (1)
- semiconducting polymers (1)
- semiconductor gratings (1)
- semiconductor lasers (1)
- semiempirische Modelle (1)
- semiklassische Zustände (1)
- sensing skin (1)
- sensor (1)
- series (1)
- shear layers (1)
- shifts (1)
- shock (1)
- sichere Übertragung (1)
- signal processing (1)
- signaling system (1)
- silica-on-silicon (1)
- silicone based dielectric elastomer actuators (1)
- silicone-based dielectric elastomer actuators (1)
- silver (1)
- silver nanoslits (1)
- similarity measures (1)
- simulation model (1)
- simulation of reciprocal space maps (1)
- single cell analysis (1)
- single particle tracking (1)
- single-cell analysis (1)
- single-file diffusion (1)
- single-file motion (1)
- single-mode fiber (1)
- single-molecule (1)
- single-molecule biosensor (1)
- single-object detection (1)
- single-trajectory analysis (1)
- sink (1)
- sintering (1)
- skutterudite (1)
- slowly rotating Kerr spacetimes (1)
- small molecules (1)
- small ring systems (1)
- soft X-ray (1)
- soft X-ray absorption (1)
- soft elastomeric capacitor (1)
- soft electrical connections (1)
- soft electro-active materials (1)
- soft matter (1)
- soft matter physics (1)
- soft x-ray diffraction (1)
- solar activity (1)
- solar chromosphere (1)
- solar corona (1)
- solar eruption (1)
- solar filament eruptions (1)
- solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field influence (1)
- solar wind dependence (1)
- solare Eruption (1)
- solid complex preparation (1)
- solid state Laser (1)
- solid state physics (1)
- solid-liquid interface (1)
- solitary wave (1)
- solubility test (1)
- solvation (1)
- solvent dependence (1)
- solvent vapor annealing (1)
- sound radiation (1)
- space charge field (1)
- space mission (1)
- space physics (1)
- space-charge and polarization profiles (1)
- space-charge effects (1)
- space-like infinity (1)
- space-time fractional diffusion equation (1)
- space-time geometry (1)
- spacetime geometry (1)
- spacing (1)
- spark plasma (1)
- spatial (1)
- spatial poisson distribution (1)
- spatiotemporal phenomena (1)
- special quasirandom structure (1)
- spectral triple (1)
- spectroelectrochemistry (1)
- spectrograph calibration (1)
- spectrographs (1)
- spectrometry (1)
- spectroscopic (1)
- spectroscopic - astronomical databases (1)
- spectrum (1)
- spektrale Leistungsdichte (1)
- sphäroidische Zwerggalaxien (1)
- spin coating (1)
- spin foam models (1)
- spin foams (1)
- spin glass (1)
- spin resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- spin state (1)
- spin structure (1)
- spin texture (1)
- spin waves (1)
- spin- and angle-resolved photoemission (1)
- spin-crossover (1)
- spin-dependent forces (1)
- spin-orbit coupling (1)
- spin-related factors (1)
- spinaufgelöste Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- spindown (1)
- spiral galaxies (1)
- spiral galaxies: magnetic fields (1)
- spiro-OMeTAD (1)
- spontaneous emission (1)
- spontaneous parametric down conversion (1)
- spots (1)
- spread F (1)
- squeezing entanglement (1)
- stabile Isotope (1)
- stabile Schichtung (1)
- stability analysis (1)
- stable isotopes (1)
- stable stratification (1)
- stable water isotopes (1)
- standard (1)
- star clusters (1)
- star interactions (1)
- star-brown dwarf systems (1)
- star-planet interaction (1)
- star-planet systems (1)
- starch metabolism (1)
- stars : Wolf-Rayet (1)
- stars : atmospheres (1)
- stars : early-type (1)
- stars : evolution (1)
- stars : individual : xi Per (1)
- stars : individual : zeta Oph (1)
- stars : individual : zeta Ori (1)
- stars : individual : zeta Pup (1)
- stars : mass-loss (1)
- stars : winds, outflows (1)
- stars: Wolf (1)
- stars: Wolft-Rayet (1)
- stars: binaries: spectroscopic (1)
- stars: carbon (1)
- stars: circumstellar matter (1)
- stars: early type (1)
- stars: early-typeP (1)
- stars: earlytype (1)
- stars: horizontal branch (1)
- stars: individual ( KIC 8462852) (1)
- stars: individual (1A 0535+262) (1)
- stars: individual (AH Cep, CW Cep) (1)
- stars: individual (Cyg OB2 12) (1)
- stars: individual (Delta Ori) (1)
- stars: individual (HD 54879) (1)
- stars: individual (HD 93250, HD 93129A, HD 93403, HD 93205, HD 93343, QZ Car, SS73 24, FO 15, Cl Trumpler 16 22, CPD-59 2610, HD 93501) (1)
- stars: individual (LS I+61 degrees 303, VER J0240+612) (1)
- stars: individual (MT91 213) (1)
- stars: individual (PHL 457, EQ Psc) (1)
- stars: individual (QV Nor, 4U1538+52) (1)
- stars: individual (Sanduleak 183) (1)
- stars: individual (delta Ori A) (1)
- stars: individual (mu Col) (1)
- stars: individual (zeta Oph, BD+43 degrees 3654) (1)
- stars: individual (zeta Pup) (1)
- stars: individual (zetaPup) (1)
- stars: individual: 1FGL J1018.6-5856 (1)
- stars: individual: 4U1700-37 (1)
- stars: individual: AM CVn (1)
- stars: individual: AU Mic (1)
- stars: individual: CPD-28 degrees 2561 (1)
- stars: individual: CPD-57 degrees 3509 (1)
- stars: individual: DGCVn-gamma rays: stars (1)
- stars: individual: Feige 46 (1)
- stars: individual: GALEX J015054.4+310745 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 137366 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 164492C (1)
- stars: individual: HD 23478 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 345439 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 54879 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 63425 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 66665 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 93129A (1)
- stars: individual: HD142301 (1)
- stars: individual: HR 5907 (1)
- stars: individual: HR 7355 (1)
- stars: individual: Hen 3-1383 (1)
- stars: individual: K2-133 (1)
- stars: individual: LP 358-499 (1)
- stars: individual: LP 40-365 (1)
- stars: individual: LS 2883 (1)
- stars: individual: PG 1610+062 (1)
- stars: individual: R 145 (1)
- stars: individual: RE 0457-281 (1)
- stars: individual: RE 0503-289 (1)
- stars: individual: Rho Ophiuchi (1)
- stars: individual: SAO 244567 (1)
- stars: individual: SMC AB 6 (1)
- stars: individual: V1298 Tau (1)
- stars: individual: WD0402+607 (1)
- stars: individual: WD1751+106 (1)
- stars: individual: WD2134+125 (1)
- stars: individual: WR 134 (1)
- stars: individual: WR 137 (1)
- stars: individual: WR 138 (1)
- stars: individual: WR 148 (1)
- stars: individual: WR 6 (1)
- stars: individual: WR 7 (1)
- stars: individual: X1908+075 (1)
- stars: individual: [MA93] 1393 (1)
- stars: individual: beta CMa (1)
- stars: individual: epsilon CMa (1)
- stars: individual: gamma(2) Vel (1)
- stars: individual: red clump stars (1)
- stars: individual: xi Persei (1)
- stars: individual: zeta Ophiuchi (1)
- stars: kinematics (1)
- stars: luminosity function, mass function (1)
- stars: magnetars (1)
- stars: oscillations (including pulsations) (1)
- stars: statistics (1)
- stars: subdwarfs (1)
- stars: variables: RR Lyrae (1)
- state model (1)
- state space reconstruction (1)
- states (1)
- static-pressure dependence (1)
- stationarity (1)
- statistical methods (1)
- statistische Methoden (1)
- staub (1)
- steady‐ state photoconductance (1)
- steel and concrete structures (1)
- stellar feedback (1)
- stellar interferometry (1)
- stellar kinematics (1)
- stellar population (1)
- stellar rotation (1)
- stellar surface (1)
- stellar variability (1)
- stellare Aktivität (1)
- stellare Interferometrie (1)
- stellare Kinematik (1)
- stellare Physik (1)
- stellare Population (1)
- stellare Populationen (1)
- stellare Rotation (1)
- stellarer Inhalt (1)
- stepped surface (1)
- stilbene oxide (1)
- stimulated Brillouin scattering (1)
- stimuli-responsive structured polymer films (1)
- stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation (1)
- stochastic bursting (1)
- stochastic differential equation (1)
- stochastic model (1)
- stochastic network (1)
- stochastic oscillations (1)
- stochastic particle dynamics (theory) (1)
- stochastic quench (1)
- stochastic ratchet (1)
- stochastic systems (1)
- stochastic thermodynamics (1)
- stochastics (1)
- stochastische Dynamik (1)
- stochastische Ratsche (1)
- stochastische Systeme (1)
- stochastisches Netzwerk (1)
- stopped-flow (1)
- strain (1)
- strain fields (1)
- strain gauges (1)
- strain monitoring (1)
- strain sensors (1)
- strain-free lattice (1)
- stratospheric chemistry (1)
- stratospheric circulation (1)
- stratospheric polar vortex (1)
- stress exponent (1)
- stress recovery (1)
- stress-relaxation (1)
- stretchability (1)
- stretchable electronics (1)
- stretchable sensor (1)
- stretching (1)
- structur-function relationship (1)
- structural dynamics (1)
- structural properties (1)
- structure analysis (1)
- structure of water (1)
- structure-property (1)
- structure-property relationships (1)
- structured substrates (1)
- strukturelle Eigenschaften (1)
- strukturierte Substrate (1)
- stuck-at faults (1)
- students' conceptions (1)
- sub-T-g relaxations (1)
- sub-diffraction gratings (1)
- subduction zone (1)
- subgrain structure (1)
- subseasonal predictions (1)
- substitution system (1)
- sudden stratosphere warming (1)
- sunspot group tilt angle (1)
- superconductor (1)
- superconductors (1)
- superdiffusion and (1)
- superlattice dispersion (1)
- superluminescent diodes (1)
- supernovae : individual (CTB 87) (1)
- supernovae: individual (G0.9+0.1) (1)
- supernovae: individual: HESS J1818-154 (1)
- supersymmetry and cosmology (1)
- supply chains (1)
- supply network (1)
- supramolecular chemistry (1)
- surf (1)
- surface Brillouin zone (SBZ) (1)
- surface acoustic waves (1)
- surface band bending (1)
- surface charge (1)
- surface charge stability (1)
- surface chemical treatment (1)
- surface cracks (1)
- surface deformation (1)
- surface emissivity (1)
- surface features (1)
- surface flow (1)
- surface hopping (1)
- surface morphology (1)
- surface photovoltage (1)
- surface plasm on polaritons (1)
- surface plasmon (1)
- surface reactivity (1)
- surface recombination (1)
- surface reconstruction (1)
- surface tension (1)
- surface wetting (1)
- surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (1)
- surface-roughened (1)
- surfactant (1)
- surfactants (1)
- surrogate method (1)
- surrogates (1)
- survey (1)
- susceptibility (1)
- swelling behavior (1)
- switchSENSE (1)
- switchSENSE Technologie (1)
- symbolic regression (1)
- synchronisation (1)
- synchrotron X-ray refraction (1)
- synchrotron imaging (1)
- synchrotron x-ray refraction radiography (SXRR) (1)
- synoptic cyclones (1)
- synoptische Zyklone (1)
- synthetic eumelanin (1)
- synthetic extruded cordierite (1)
- synthetische Beobachtungen (1)
- synthetisches Eumelanin (1)
- system (1)
- systems biology (1)
- systems subjected to parameter drift (1)
- table-top sources (1)
- tailored pulse trains (1)
- tandem solar cell (1)
- task-based parallelism (1)
- tau proteins (1)
- teacher education (1)
- techniques of optical spectroscopy: IR absorption (1)
- techniques: Image processing (1)
- techniques: high angular resolution (1)
- teleconnection patterns (1)
- telegrapher's equation (1)
- telescope (1)
- telescopes (1)
- telluride (1)
- tellurium (1)
- temperature proxy (1)
- temperature variability (1)
- tensor decompositions (1)
- terahertz waves (1)
- terrace ... (1)
- the Weibel instability (1)
- the sun (1)
- thermal (1)
- thermal barrier coatings (1)
- thermal conductivity (1)
- thermal evolution (1)
- thermal expansion (1)
- thermal noise in mirror coatings (1)
- thermal stability (1)
- thermal stimulation of (1)
- thermal treatment (1)
- thermal wind equation (1)
- thermal-convection (1)
- thermalization (1)
- thermally activated dynamics (1)
- thermally enhanced actuators (1)
- thermally stimulated depolarization current (1)
- thermisch aktivierte Dynamik (1)
- thermische Evolution (1)
- thermische Windgleichung (1)
- thermisches Rauschen in Spiegelbeschichtungen (1)
- thermo-acoustic ultrasound emitter (1)
- thermo-luminescence (1)
- thermo-stimulated discharge (1)
- thermoacoustic effect (1)
- thermoacoustics (1)
- thermoactivational spectroscopy (1)
- thermoakustischer Effekt (1)
- thermodynamic efficiency (1)
- thermodynamic structure (1)
- thermodynamische Struktur (1)
- thermoelectric materials (1)
- thermoelectric properties (1)
- thermoelectricity (1)
- thermoelectrics (1)
- thermophone (1)
- theta (1)
- theta neurons (1)
- thickness insensitive active layers (1)
- thin film (1)
- thin film devices (1)
- thin flexible and conformable films (1)
- thin organic layers (1)
- thin-film actuators (1)
- thin-film solar cells (1)
- thiophene (1)
- threshold voltages (1)
- tidal interactions (1)
- time interval reproduction (1)
- time perception (1)
- time resolved (1)
- time resolved pump probe spectroscopy (1)
- time resolved spectroskopy (1)
- time reversal symmetry (1)
- time-domain astronomy (1)
- time-resolved (1)
- time-resolved X-ray probing (1)
- time-resolved x-ray diffraction (1)
- timing resilient design (1)
- tipping element (1)
- tipping elements (1)
- tipping interactions (1)
- tipping point (1)
- tissue engineering (1)
- tolerable windows approach (1)
- tomography (XCT) (1)
- topological community (1)
- topological insulators (1)
- topologically associated domains (1)
- topologische Isolatoren (1)
- trade shocks (1)
- traffic jams (1)
- trajectories (1)
- tranfer excited-state (1)
- transcrystalline polypropylene (1)
- transducer (1)
- transduction (1)
- transfer function (1)
- transient absorption (1)
- transient absorption spectroscopy (1)
- transient grating (1)
- transient grating spectroscopy (1)
- transient methods (1)
- transient spectroscopy (1)
- transiente Messmethoden (1)
- transientes Gitter (1)
- transit migration (1)
- transition (1)
- transition metal complexes (1)
- transition metal systems (1)
- transition metals (1)
- transition moment (1)
- transition radiation (1)
- transition state (1)
- transkristallines Polypropylen (1)
- transparent conductors (1)
- transport and interaction phase (1)
- transport layer (1)
- transport layers (1)
- transport properties (1)
- transversal instabilities (1)
- trap-depth (1)
- traveling waves (1)
- travelling waves (1)
- triaxial residual stresses (1)
- triple-axis spectroscopy (1)
- triple-cation perovskite (1)
- triplet excited states (1)
- tubular-channel polymer systems (1)
- tug-of-war (1)
- tunnel barrier (1)
- tunneling (1)
- turbulence control (1)
- turbulence measurement (1)
- turbulent transport (1)
- twisted state (1)
- two beam interferometry (1)
- two-dimensional (1)
- type I AGN (1)
- type II AGN (1)
- type III (1)
- ultra-fast laser inscription technology (1)
- ultra-high energy cosmic rays (1)
- ultracold atoms (1)
- ultrafast magnetism (1)
- ultrafast optics (1)
- ultrafast phenomena (1)
- ultrafast photochemistry (1)
- ultrahochenergetische kosmische Strahlung (1)
- ultrarelativistic electrons (1)
- ultraschnelle Moleküldynamik (1)
- ultraschnelle Phänomene (1)
- ultraschnelle Röntgenbeugung (1)
- ultraschneller Magnetimus (1)
- ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- ultraviolet: general (1)
- uncertainties (1)
- undercooling (1)
- unferring cellular networks (1)
- ungeordnete Systeme (1)
- uniform spatial arrangement (1)
- upconversion (1)
- upconversion nanoparticles (1)
- upper atmosphere model (1)
- urban (1)
- urbanisation (1)
- urbanization (1)
- vacuum fluctuations (1)
- valence band (VB) (1)
- valence band maximum (VBM) (1)
- valence band structure (1)
- van Hove correlation (1)
- van alien probes (1)
- van allen probes (RBSP) (1)
- van allen probes; (1)
- van der Waals forces (1)
- van der Waals interaction (1)
- van der Waals-Kräfte (1)
- vapour deposition (1)
- variables (1)
- variances (1)
- vegetation (1)
- verallgemeinerte nichlineare Schrödinger Gleichung (1)
- verb (1)
- verb simulations; (1)
- verrauschte Oszillatoren (1)
- vertieftes Schulwissen (1)
- very-high energy (1)
- vesicles (1)
- vibration monitoring (1)
- vibrational resonance (1)
- vibrational spectroscopy (1)
- vinylidenefluoride(VDF)-based polymers (1)
- violin (1)
- virtual observatory tools (1)
- virus (1)
- viscoelastic effects and anomalous diffusion (1)
- viscoelasticity and memory effects (1)
- viscoplastic theory (1)
- viskoplastische Theorie (1)
- visual fixation (1)
- wafers (1)
- walks (1)
- waste heat (1)
- water (1)
- water diffusion in the brain (1)
- water ice (1)
- water reduction reactions (1)
- water-interface (1)
- water-methane films (1)
- water-vapor (1)
- wave equation (1)
- wave particle interaction (1)
- wave propagation (1)
- wave scattering (1)
- wave-particle dualism (1)
- wavelength shift (1)
- wearable (1)
- wearable electronics (1)
- weather (1)
- wetting transition (1)
- whispering gallery modes (1)
- whistler waves (1)
- white-light generation (1)
- wide-bandgap (1)
- wind bubble (1)
- winkelaufgelöste Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- winter circulation (1)
- word n-gram probability (1)
- wässrige Filme (1)
- x-ray (1)
- x-ray free-electron lasers (1)
- x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) (1)
- x-ray magnetic resonant diffraction (XMRD) (1)
- x-ray photoemission (1)
- x-ray spectroscopies and phenomena (1)
- x-ray-absorption (1)
- x-rays (1)
- young star clusters (1)
- youth (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zeitaufgelöst (1)
- zeitaufgelöste Röntgenbeugung (1)
- zeitaufgelöste Spektroskopie (1)
- zeitverzögerte Selbstkopplung (1)
- zerstörungfreie Prüfung (1)
- zirkumgalaktischen Medium (1)
- zirkumgalaktisches Medium (1)
- zufälligen Diffusivität (1)
- zweite Harmonische (1)
- µCT (1)
- Ähnlichkeit-Masse (1)
- Æ Recurrence Plots (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- Ökonomisches Netzwerk (1)
- Überflutung (1)
- Übergang (1)
- Übergangsmetall - Komplexe (1)
- Übergangsmetalle (1)
- Übergangsmoment (1)
- Übergangszustand (1)
- Übergitter Dispersion (1)
- Überhitzung (1)
- азобензолсодержащие ПАВ (1)
- иперболический аттрактор (1)
- каталитическая изомеризация азобензолов (1)
- оллективная динамика (1)
- плазмонные наночастицы (1)
- показатель преломления азобензолов (1)
- синхронизация (1)
- wahrgenommene Relevanz (1)
Institute
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (5332) (remove)
Additive manufacturing (AM) processes enable the production of metal structures with exceptional design freedom, of which laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) is one of the most common. In this process, a laser melts a bed of loose feedstock powder particles layer-by-layer to build a structure with the desired geometry. During fabrication, the repeated melting and rapid, directional solidification create large temperature gradients that generate large thermal stress. This thermal stress can itself lead to cracking or delamination during fabrication. More often, large residual stresses remain in the final part as a footprint of the thermal stress. This residual stress can cause premature distortion or even failure of the part in service. Hence, knowledge of the residual stress field is critical for both process optimization and structural integrity.
Diffraction-based techniques allow the non-destructive characterization of the residual stress fields. However, such methods require a good knowledge of the material of interest, as certain assumptions must be made to accurately determine residual stress. First, the measured lattice plane spacings must be converted to lattice strains with the knowledge of a strain-free material state. Second, the measured lattice strains must be related to the macroscopic stress using Hooke's law, which requires knowledge of the stiffness of the material. Since most crystal structures exhibit anisotropic material behavior, the elastic behavior is specific to each lattice plane of the single crystal. Thus, the use of individual lattice planes in monochromatic diffraction residual stress analysis requires knowledge of the lattice plane-specific elastic properties. In addition, knowledge of the microstructure of the material is required for a reliable assessment of residual stress.
This work presents a toolbox for reliable diffraction-based residual stress analysis. This is presented for a nickel-based superalloy produced by PBF-LB. First, this work reviews the existing literature in the field of residual stress analysis of laser-based AM using diffraction-based techniques. Second, the elastic and plastic anisotropy of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 produced by PBF-LB is studied using in situ energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. These experiments are complemented by ex situ material characterization techniques. These methods establish the relationship between the microstructure and texture of the material and its elastic and plastic anisotropy. Finally, surface, sub-surface, and bulk residual stress are determined using a texture-based approach. Uncertainties of different methods for obtaining stress-free reference values are discussed.
The tensile behavior in the as-built condition is shown to be controlled by texture and cellular sub-grain structure, while in the heat-treated condition the precipitation of strengthening phases and grain morphology dictate the behavior. In fact, the results of this thesis show that the diffraction elastic constants depend on the underlying microstructure, including texture and grain morphology. For columnar microstructures in both as-built and heat-treated conditions, the diffraction elastic constants are best described by the Reuss iso-stress model. Furthermore, the low accumulation of intergranular strains during deformation demonstrates the robustness of using the 311 reflection for the diffraction-based residual stress analysis with columnar textured microstructures. The differences between texture-based and quasi-isotropic approaches for the residual stress analysis are shown to be insignificant in the observed case. However, the analysis of the sub-surface residual stress distributions show, that different scanning strategies result in a change in the orientation of the residual stress tensor. Furthermore, the location of the critical sub-surface tensile residual stress is related to the surface roughness and the microstructure. Finally, recommendations are given for the diffraction-based determination and evaluation of residual stress in textured additively manufactured alloys.
The origin and structure of magnetic fields in the Galaxy are largely unknown. What is known is that they are essential for several astrophysical processes, in particular the propagation of cosmic rays. Our ability to describe the propagation of cosmic rays through the Galaxy is severely limited by the lack of observational data needed to probe the structure of the Galactic magnetic field on many different length scales. This is particularly true for modelling the propagation of cosmic rays into the Galactic halo, where our knowledge of the magnetic field is particularly poor.
In the last decade, observations of the Galactic halo in different frequency regimes have revealed the existence of out-of-plane bubble emission in the Galactic halo. In gamma rays these bubbles have been termed Fermi bubbles with a radial extent of ≈ 3 kpc and an azimuthal height of ≈ 6 kpc. The radio counterparts of the Fermi bubbles were seen by both the S-PASS telescopes and the Planck satellite, and showed a clear spatial overlap. The X-ray counterparts of the Fermi bubbles were named eROSITA bubbles after the eROSITA satellite, with a radial width of ≈ 7 kpc and an azimuthal height of ≈ 14 kpc. Taken together, these observations suggest the presence of large extended Galactic Halo Bubbles (GHB) and have stimulated interest in exploring the less explored Galactic halo.
In this thesis, a new toy model (GHB model) for the magnetic field and non-thermal electron distribution in the Galactic halo has been proposed. The new toy model has been used to produce polarised synchrotron emission sky maps. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the synthetic skymaps with the Planck 30 GHz polarised skymaps. The obtained constraints on the strength and azimuthal height were found to be in agreement with the S-PASS radio observations.
The upper, lower and best-fit values obtained from the above chi-squared analysis were used to generate three separate toy models. These three models were used to propagate ultra-high energy cosmic rays. This study was carried out for two potential sources, Centaurus A and NGC 253, to produce magnification maps and arrival direction skymaps. The simulated arrival direction skymaps were found to be consistent with the hotspots of Centaurus A and NGC 253 as seen in the observed arrival direction skymaps provided by the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO).
The turbulent magnetic field component of the GHB model was also used to investigate the extragalactic dipole suppression seen by PAO. UHECRs with an extragalactic dipole were forward-tracked through the turbulent GHB model at different field strengths. The suppression in the dipole due to the varying diffusion coefficient from the simulations was noted. The results could also be compared with an analytical analogy of electrostatics. The simulations of the extragalactic dipole suppression were in agreement with similar studies carried out for galactic cosmic rays.
Organic solar cells (OSCs) represent a new generation of solar cells with a range of captivating attributes including low-cost, light-weight, aesthetically pleasing appearance, and flexibility. Different from traditional silicon solar cells, the photon-electron conversion in OSCs is usually accomplished in an active layer formed by blending two kinds of organic molecules (donor and acceptor) with different energy levels together.
The first part of this thesis focuses on a better understanding of the role of the energetic offset and each recombination channel on the performance of these low-offset OSCs. By combining advanced experimental techniques with optical and electrical simulation, the energetic offsets between CT and excitons, several important insights were achieved: 1. The short circuit current density and fill-factor of low-offset systems are largely determined by field-dependent charge generation in such low-offset OSCs. Interestingly, it is strongly evident that such field-dependent charge generation originates from a field-dependent exciton dissociation yield. 2. The reduced energetic offset was found to be accompanied by strongly enhanced bimolecular recombination coefficient, which cannot be explained solely by exciton repopulation from CT states. This implies the existence of another dark decay channel apart from CT.
The second focus of the thesis was on the technical perspective. In this thesis, the influence of optical artifacts in differential absorption spectroscopy upon the change of sample configuration and active layer thickness was studied. It is exemplified and discussed thoroughly and systematically in terms of optical simulations and experiments, how optical artifacts originated from non-uniform carrier profile and interference can manipulate not only the measured spectra, but also the decay dynamics in various measurement conditions. In the end of this study, a generalized methodology based on an inverse optical transfer matrix formalism was provided to correct the spectra and decay dynamics manipulated by optical artifacts.
Overall, this thesis paves the way for a deeper understanding of the keys toward higher PCEs in low-offset OSC devices, from the perspectives of both device physics and characterization techniques.
Actin is one of the most highly conserved proteins in eukaryotes and distinct actin-related proteins with filament-forming properties are even found in prokaryotes. Due to these commonalities, actin-modulating proteins of many species share similar structural properties and proposed functions. The polymerization and depolymerization of actin are critical processes for a cell as they can contribute to shape changes to adapt to its environment and to move and distribute nutrients and cellular components within the cell. However, to what extent functions of actin-binding proteins are conserved between distantly related species, has only been addressed in a few cases. In this work, functions of Coronin-A (CorA) and Actin-interacting protein 1 (Aip1), two proteins involved in actin dynamics, were characterized. In addition, the interchangeability and function of Aip1 were investigated in two phylogenetically distant model organisms. The flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana (encoding two homologs, AIP1-1 and AIP1-2) and in the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum (encoding one homolog, DdAip1) were chosen because the functions of their actin cytoskeletons may differ in many aspects. Functional analyses between species were conducted for AIP1 homologs as flowering plants do not harbor a CorA gene.
In the first part of the study, the effect of four different mutation methods on the function of Coronin-A protein and the resulting phenotype in D. discoideum was revealed in two genetic knockouts, one RNAi knockdown and a sudden loss-of-function mutant created by chemical-induced dislocation (CID). The advantages and disadvantages of the different mutation methods on the motility, appearance and development of the amoebae were investigated, and the results showed that not all observed properties were affected with the same intensity. Remarkably, a new combination of Selection-Linked Integration and CID could be established.
In the second and third parts of the thesis, the exchange of Aip1 between plant and amoeba was carried out. For A. thaliana, the two homologs (AIP1-1 and AIP1-2) were analyzed for functionality as well as in D. discoideum. In the Aip1-deficient amoeba, rescue with AIP1-1 was more effective than with AIP1-2. The main results in the plant showed that in the aip1-2 mutant background, reintroduced AIP1-2 displayed the most efficient rescue and A. thaliana AIP1-1 rescued better than DdAip1. The choice of the tagging site was important for the function of Aip1 as steric hindrance is a problem. The DdAip1 was less effective when tagged at the C-terminus, while the plant AIP1s showed mixed results depending on the tag position. In conclusion, the foreign proteins partially rescued phenotypes of mutant plants and mutant amoebae, despite the organisms only being very distantly related in evolutionary terms.
Relativistic pair beams produced in the cosmic voids by TeV gamma rays from blazars are expected to produce a detectable GeV-scale cascade emission missing in the observations. The suppression of this secondary cascade implies either the deflection of the pair beam by intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMFs) or an energy loss of the beam due to the electrostatic beam-plasma instability. IGMF of femto-Gauss strength is sufficient to significantly deflect the pair beams reducing the flux of secondary cascade below the observational limits. A similar flux reduction may result in the absence of the IGMF from the beam energy loss by the instability before the inverse Compton cooling. This dissertation consists of two studies about the instability role in the evolution of blazar-induced beams.
Firstly, we investigated the effect of sub-fG level IGMF on the beam energy loss by the instability. Considering IGMF with correlation lengths smaller than a few kpc, we found that such fields increase the transverse momentum of the pair beam particles, dramatically reducing the linear growth rate of the electrostatic instability and hence the energy-loss rate of the pair beam. Our results show that the IGMF eliminates beam plasma instability as an effective energy-loss agent at a field strength three orders of magnitude below that needed to suppress the secondary cascade emission by magnetic deflection. For intermediate-strength IGMF, we do not know a viable process to explain the observed absence of GeV-scale cascade emission and hence can be excluded.
Secondly, we probed how the beam-plasma instability feeds back on the beam, using a realistic two-dimensional beam distribution. We found that the instability broadens the beam opening angles significantly without any significant energy loss, thus confirming a recent feedback study on a simplified one-dimensional beam distribution. However, narrowing diffusion feedback of the beam particles with Lorentz factors less than 1e6 might become relevant even though initially it is negligible. Finally, when considering the continuous creation of TeV pairs, we found that the beam distribution and the wave spectrum reach a new quasi-steady state, in which the scattering of beam particles persists and the beam opening angle may increase by a factor of hundreds. This new intrinsic scattering of the cascade can result in time delays of around ten years, thus potentially mimicking the IGMF deflection. Understanding the implications on the GeV cascade emission requires accounting for inverse Compton cooling and simulating the beam-plasma system at different points in the IGM.
The icosahedral non-hydrostatic large eddy model (ICON-LEM) was applied around the drift track of the Multidisciplinary Observatory Study of the Arctic (MOSAiC) in 2019 and 2020. The model was set up with horizontal grid-scales between 100m and 800m on areas with radii of 17.5km and 140 km. At its lateral boundaries, the model was driven by analysis data from the German Weather Service (DWD), downscaled by ICON in limited area mode (ICON-LAM) with horizontal grid-scale of 3 km.
The aim of this thesis was the investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer near the surface in the central Arctic during polar winter with a high-resolution mesoscale model. The default settings in ICON-LEM prevent the model from representing the exchange processes in the Arctic boundary layer in accordance to the MOSAiC observations. The implemented sea-ice scheme in ICON does not include a snow layer on sea-ice, which causes a too slow response of the sea-ice surface temperature to atmospheric changes. To allow the sea-ice surface to respond faster to changes in the atmosphere, the implemented sea-ice parameterization in ICON was extended with an adapted heat capacity term.
The adapted sea-ice parameterization resulted in better agreement with the MOSAiC observations. However, the sea-ice surface temperature in the model is generally lower than observed due to biases in the downwelling long-wave radiation and the lack of complex surface structures, like leads. The large eddy resolving turbulence closure yielded a better representation of the lower boundary layer under strongly stable stratification than the non-eddy-resolving turbulence closure. Furthermore, the integration of leads into the sea-ice surface reduced the overestimation of the sensible heat flux for different weather conditions.
The results of this work help to better understand boundary layer processes in the central Arctic during the polar night. High-resolving mesoscale simulations are able to represent temporally and spatially small interactions and help to further develop parameterizations also for the application in regional and global models.
The increasing number of known exoplanets raises questions about their demographics and the mechanisms that shape planets into how we observe them today. Young planets in close-in orbits are exposed to harsh environments due to the host star being magnetically highly active, which results in high X-ray and extreme UV fluxes impinging on the planet. Prolonged exposure to this intense photoionizing radiation can cause planetary atmospheres to heat up, expand and escape into space via a hydrodynamic escape process known as photoevaporation. For super-Earth and sub-Neptune-type planets, this can even lead to the complete erosion of their primordial gaseous atmospheres. A factor of interest for this particular mass-loss process is the activity evolution of the host star. Stellar rotation, which drives the dynamo and with it the magnetic activity of a star, changes significantly over the stellar lifetime. This strongly affects the amount of high-energy radiation received by a planet as stars age. At a young age, planets still host warm and extended envelopes, making them particularly susceptible to atmospheric evaporation. Especially in the first gigayear, when X-ray and UV levels can be 100 - 10,000 times higher than for the present-day sun, the characteristics of the host star and the detailed evolution of its high-energy emission are of importance.
In this thesis, I study the impact of stellar activity evolution on the high-energy-induced atmospheric mass loss of young exoplanets. The PLATYPOS code was developed as part of this thesis to calculate photoevaporative mass-loss rates over time. The code, which couples parameterized planetary mass-radius relations with an analytical hydrodynamic escape model, was used, together with Chandra and eROSITA X-ray observations, to investigate the future mass loss of the two young multiplanet systems V1298 Tau and K2-198. Further, in a numerical ensemble study, the effect of a realistic spread of activity tracks on the small-planet radius gap was investigated for the first time. The works in this thesis show that for individual systems, in particular if planetary masses are unconstrained, the difference between a young host star following a low-activity track vs. a high-activity one can have major implications: the exact shape of the activity evolution can determine whether a planet can hold on to some of its atmosphere, or completely loses its envelope, leaving only the bare rocky core behind. For an ensemble of simulated planets, an observationally-motivated distribution of activity tracks does not substantially change the final radius distribution at ages of several gigayears. My simulations indicate that the overall shape and slope of the resulting small-planet radius gap is not significantly affected by the spread in stellar activity tracks. However, it can account for a certain scattering or fuzziness observed in and around the radius gap of the observed exoplanet population.
Organic-inorganic hybrids based on P3HT and mesoporous silicon for thermoelectric applications
(2024)
This thesis presents a comprehensive study on synthesis, structure and thermoelectric transport properties of organic-inorganic hybrids based on P3HT and porous silicon. The effect of embedding polymer in silicon pores on the electrical and thermal transport is studied. Morphological studies confirm successful polymer infiltration and diffusion doping with roughly 50% of the pore space occupied by conjugated polymer. Synchrotron diffraction experiments reveal no specific ordering of the polymer inside the pores. P3HT-pSi hybrids show improved electrical transport by five orders of magnitude compared to porous silicon and power factor values comparable or exceeding other P3HT-inorganic hybrids. The analysis suggests different transport mechanisms in both materials. In pSi, the transport mechanism relates to a Meyer-Neldel compansation rule. The analysis of hybrids' data using the power law in Kang-Snyder model suggests that a doped polymer mainly provides charge carriers to the pSi matrix, similar to the behavior of a doped semiconductor. Heavily suppressed thermal transport in porous silicon is treated with a modified Landauer/Lundstrom model and effective medium theories, which reveal that pSi agrees well with the Kirkpatrick model with a 68% percolation threshold. Thermal conductivities of hybrids show an increase compared to the empty pSi but the overall thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of P3HT-pSi hybrid exceeds both pSi and P3HT as well as bulk Si.
The central gas in half of all galaxy clusters shows short cooling times. Assuming unimpeded cooling, this should lead to high star formation and mass cooling rates, which are not observed. Instead, it is believed that condensing gas is accreted by the central black hole that powers an active galactic nuclei jet, which heats the cluster. The detailed heating mechanism remains uncertain. A promising mechanism invokes cosmic ray protons that scatter on self-generated magnetic fluctuations, i.e. Alfvén waves. Continuous damping of Alfvén waves provides heat to the intracluster medium. Previous work has found steady state solutions for a large sample of clusters where cooling is balanced by Alfvénic wave heating. To verify modeling assumptions, we set out to study cosmic ray injection in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations of jet feedback in an idealized cluster with the moving-mesh code arepo. We analyze the interaction of jet-inflated bubbles with the turbulent magnetized intracluster medium.
Furthermore, jet dynamics and heating are closely linked to the largely unconstrained jet composition. Interactions of electrons with photons of the cosmic microwave background result in observational signatures that depend on the bubble content. Those recent observations provided evidence for underdense bubbles with a relativistic filling while adopting simplifying modeling assumptions for the bubbles. By reproducing the observations with our simulations, we confirm the validity of their modeling assumptions and as such, confirm the important finding of low-(momentum) density jets.
In addition, the velocity and magnetic field structure of the intracluster medium have profound consequences for bubble evolution and heating processes. As velocity and magnetic fields are physically coupled, we demonstrate that numerical simulations can help link and thereby constrain their respective observables. Finally, we implement the currently preferred accretion model, cold accretion, into the moving-mesh code arepo and study feedback by light jets in a radiatively cooling magnetized cluster. While self-regulation is attained independently of accretion model, jet density and feedback efficiencies, we find that in order to reproduce observed cold gas morphology light jets are preferred.
In recent decades, astronomy has seen a boom in large-scale stellar surveys of the Galaxy. The detailed information obtained about millions of individual stars in the Milky Way is bringing us a step closer to answering one of the most outstanding questions in astrophysics: how do galaxies form and evolve? The Milky Way is the only galaxy where we can dissect many stars into their high-dimensional chemical composition and complete phase space, which analogously as fossil records can unveil the past history of the genesis of the Galaxy. The processes that lead to large structure formation, such as the Milky Way, are critical for constraining cosmological models; we call this line of study Galactic archaeology or near-field cosmology.
At the core of this work, we present a collection of efforts to chemically and dynamically characterise the disks and bulge of our Galaxy. The results we present in this thesis have only been possible thanks to the advent of the Gaia astrometric satellite, which has revolutionised the field of Galactic archaeology by precisely measuring the positions, parallax distances and motions of more than a billion stars. Another, though not less important, breakthrough is the APOGEE survey, which has observed spectra in the near-infrared peering into the dusty regions of the Galaxy, allowing us to determine detailed chemical abundance patterns in hundreds of thousands of stars. To accurately depict the Milky Way structure, we use and develop the Bayesian isochrone fitting tool/code called StarHorse; this software can predict stellar distances, extinctions and ages by combining astrometry, photometry and spectroscopy based on stellar evolutionary models. The StarHorse code is pivotal to calculating distances where Gaia parallaxes alone cannot allow accurate estimates.
We show that by combining Gaia, APOGEE, photometric surveys and using StarHorse, we can produce a chemical cartography of the Milky way disks from their outermost to innermost parts. Such a map is unprecedented in the inner Galaxy. It reveals a continuity of the bimodal chemical pattern previously detected in the solar neighbourhood, indicating two populations with distinct formation histories. Furthermore, the data reveals a chemical gradient within the thin disk where the content of 𝛼-process elements and metals is higher towards the centre. Focusing on a sample in the inner MW we confirm the extension of the chemical duality to the innermost regions of the Galaxy. We find stars with bar shape orbits to show both high- and low-𝛼 abundances, suggesting the bar formed by secular evolution trapping stars that already existed. By analysing the chemical orbital space of the inner Galactic regions, we disentangle the multiple populations that inhabit this complex region. We reveal the presence of the thin disk, thick disk, bar, and a counter-rotating population, which resembles the outcome of a perturbed proto-Galactic disk. Our study also finds that the inner Galaxy holds a high quantity of super metal-rich stars up to three times solar suggesting it is a possible repository of old super-metal-rich stars found in the solar neighbourhood.
We also enter into the complicated task of deriving individual stellar ages. With StarHorse, we calculate the ages of main-sequence turn-off and sub-giant stars for several public spectroscopic surveys. We validate our results by investigating linear relations between chemical abundances and time since the 𝛼 and neutron capture elements are sensitive to age as a reflection of the different enrichment timescales of these elements. For further study of the disks in the solar neighbourhood, we use an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to delineate a multidimensional separation of chrono-chemical stellar groups revealing the chemical thick disk, the thin disk, and young 𝛼-rich stars. The thick disk is shown to have a small age dispersion indicating its fast formation contrary to the thin disk that spans a wide range of ages.
With groundbreaking data, this thesis encloses a detailed chemo-dynamical view of the disk and bulge of our Galaxy. Our findings on the Milky Way can be linked to the evolution of high redshift disk galaxies, helping to solve the conundrum of galaxy formation.
Cosmic rays (CRs) constitute an important component of the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies and are thought to play an essential role in governing their evolution. In particular, they are able to impact the dynamics of a galaxy by driving galactic outflows or heating the ISM and thereby affecting the efficiency of star-formation. Hence, in order to understand galaxy formation and evolution, we need to accurately model this non-thermal constituent of the ISM. But except in our local environment within the Milky Way, we do not have the ability to measure CRs directly in other galaxies. However, there are many ways to indirectly observe CRs via the radiation they emit due to their interaction with magnetic and interstellar radiation fields as well as with the ISM.
In this work, I develop a numerical framework to calculate the spectral distribution of CRs in simulations of isolated galaxies where a steady-state between injection and cooling is assumed. Furthermore, I calculate the non-thermal emission processes arising from the modelled CR proton and electron spectra ranging from radio wavelengths up to the very high-energy gamma-ray regime.
I apply this code to a number of high-resolution magneto-hydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of isolated galaxies, where CRs are included. This allows me to study their CR spectra and compare them to observations of the CR proton and electron spectra by the Voyager-1 satellite and the AMS-02 instrument in order to reveal the origin of the measured spectral features.
Furthermore, I provide detailed emission maps, luminosities and spectra of the non-thermal emission from our simulated galaxies that range from dwarfs to Milk-Way analogues to starburst galaxies at different evolutionary stages. I successfully reproduce the observed relations between the radio and gamma-ray luminosities with the far-infrared (FIR) emission of star-forming (SF) galaxies, respectively, where the latter is a good tracer of the star-formation rate. I find that highly SF galaxies are close to the limit where their CR population would lose all of their energy due to the emission of radiation, whereas CRs tend to escape low SF galaxies more quickly. On top of that, I investigate the properties of CR transport that are needed in order to match the observed gamma-ray spectra.
Furthermore, I uncover the underlying processes that enable the FIR-radio correlation (FRC) to be maintained even in starburst galaxies and find that thermal free-free-emission naturally explains the observed radio spectra in SF galaxies like M82 and NGC 253 thus solving the riddle of flat radio spectra that have been proposed to contradict the observed tight FRC.
Lastly, I scrutinise the steady-state modelling of the CR proton component by investigating for the first time the influence of spectrally resolved CR transport in MHD simulations on the hadronic gamma-ray emission of SF galaxies revealing new insights into the observational signatures of CR transport both spectrally and spatially.
Using time-resolved x-ray diffraction, we demonstrate the manipulation of the picosecond strain response of a metallic heterostructure consisting of a dysprosium (Dy) transducer and a niobium (Nb) detection layer by an external magnetic field. We utilize the first-order ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic phase transition of the Dy layer, which provides an additional large contractive stress upon laser excitation compared to its zerofield response. This enhances the laser-induced contraction of the transducer and changes the shape of the picosecond strain pulses driven in Dy and detected within the buried Nb layer. Based on our experiment with rare-earth metals we discuss required properties for functional transducers, which may allow for novel field-control of the emitted picosecond strain pulses.
In this work, binding interactions between biomolecules were analyzed by a technique that is based on electrically controllable DNA nanolevers. The technique was applied to virus-receptor interactions for the first time. As receptors, primarily peptides on DNA nanostructures and antibodies were utilized. The DNA nanostructures were integrated into the measurement technique and enabled the presentation of the peptides in a controllable geometrical order. The number of peptides could be varied to be compatible to the binding sites of the viral surface proteins.
Influenza A virus served as a model system, on which the general measurability was demonstrated. Variations of the receptor peptide, the surface ligand density, the measurement temperature and the virus subtypes showed the sensitivity and applicability of the technology. Additionally, the immobilization of virus particles enabled the measurement of differences in oligovalent binding of DNA-peptide nanostructures to the viral proteins in their native environment.
When the coronavirus pandemic broke out in 2020, work on binding interactions of a peptide from the hACE2 receptor and the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus revealed that oligovalent binding can be quantified in the switchSENSE technology. It could also be shown that small changes in the amino acid sequence of the spike protein resulted in complete loss of binding. Interactions of the peptide and inactivated virus material as well as pseudo virus particles could be measured. Additionally, the switchSENSE technology was utilized to rank six antibodies for their binding affinity towards the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 for the development of a rapid antigen test device.
The technique was furthermore employed to show binding of a non-enveloped virus (adenovirus) and a virus-like particle (norovirus-like particle) to antibodies. Apart from binding interactions, the use of DNA origami levers with a length of around 50 nm enabled the switching of virus material. This proved that the technology is also able to size objects with a hydrodynamic diameter larger than 14 nm.
A theoretical work on diffusion and reaction-limited binding interactions revealed that the technique and the chosen parameters enable the determination of binding rate constants in the reaction-limited regime.
Overall, the applicability of the switchSENSE technique to virus-receptor binding interactions could be demonstrated on multiple examples. While there are challenges that remain, the setup enables the determination of affinities between viruses and receptors in their native environment. Especially the possibilities regarding the quantification of oligo- and multivalent binding interactions could be presented.
Using time-resolved x-ray diffraction, we demonstrate the manipulation of the picosecond strain response of a metallic heterostructure consisting of a dysprosium (Dy) transducer and a niobium (Nb) detection layer by an external magnetic field. We utilize the first-order ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic phase transition of the Dy layer, which provides an additional large contractive stress upon laser excitation compared to its zerofield response. This enhances the laser-induced contraction of the transducer and changes the shape of the picosecond strain pulses driven in Dy and detected within the buried Nb layer. Based on our experiment with rare-earth metals we discuss required properties for functional transducers, which may allow for novel field-control of the emitted picosecond strain pulses.
Unveiling the Local Universe
(2023)
Es wird ein Überblick über verschiedene spektroskopische Techniken, mit denen dünne organische Schichten, wie sie in der Fotovoltaik, bei Leuchtdioden oder organischen Halbleitern Anwendung finden, gegeben. Mit einfachen Zusatzgeräten lassen sich Schichtdicke, Schichtaufbau und Zusammensetzung untersuchen. Die Schichtdicke kann monomolekular sein. Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen sind einzelne Moleküle in einer Schicht charakterisierbar.
With the implementation of intense, short pulsed light sources throughout the last years, the powerful technique of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) became feasible for a wide range of experiments within femtosecond dynamics in correlated materials and molecules.
In this thesis I investigate the potential to bring RIXS into the fluence regime of nonlinear X-ray-matter interactions, especially focusing on the impact of stimulated scattering on RIXS in transition metal systems in a transmission spectroscopy geometry around transition metal L-edges.
After presenting the RIXS toolbox and the capabilities of free electron laser light sources for ultrafast intense X-ray experiments, the thesis explores an experiment designed to understand the impact of stimulated scattering on diffraction and direct beam transmission spectroscopy on a CoPd multilayer system. The experiments require short X-ray pulses that can only be generated at free electron lasers (FEL). Here the pulses are not only short, but also very intense, which opens the door to nonlinear X-ray-matter interactions. In the second part of this thesis, we investigate observations in the nonlinear interaction regime, look at potential difficulties for classic spectroscopy and investigate possibilities to enhance the RIXS through stimulated scattering. Here, a study on stimulated RIXS is presented, where we investigate the light field intensity dependent CoPd demagnetization in transmission as well as scattering geometry. Thereby we show the first direct observation of stimulated RIXS as well as light field induced nonlinear effects,
namely the breakdown of scattering intensity and the increase in sample transmittance. The topic is of ongoing interest and will just increase in relevance as more free electron lasers are planned and the number of experiments at such light sources will continue to increase in the near future.
Finally we present a discussion on the accessibility of small DOS shifts in the absorption-band of transition metal complexes through stimulated resonant X-ray scattering. As these shifts occur for example in surface states this finding could expand the experimental selectivity of NEXAFS and RIXS to the detectability of surface states. We show how stimulation can indeed enhance the visibility of DOS shifts through the detection of stimulated spectral shifts and enhancements in this theoretical study. We also forecast the observation of stimulated enhancements in resonant excitation experiments at FEL sources in systems with a high density of states just below the Fermi edge and in systems with an occupied to unoccupied DOS ratio in the valence band above 1.
In X-ray computed tomography (XCT), an X-ray beam of intensity I0 is transmitted through an object and its attenuated intensity I is measured when it exits the object. The attenuation of the beam depends on the attenuation coefficients along its path. The attenuation coefficients provide information about the structure and composition of the object and can be determined through mathematical operations that are referred to as reconstruction.
The standard reconstruction algorithms are based on the filtered backprojection (FBP) of the measured data. While these algorithms are fast and relatively simple, they do not always succeed in computing a precise reconstruction, especially from under-sampled data.
Alternatively, an image or volume can be reconstructed by solving a system of linear equations. Typically, the system of equations is too large to be solved but its solution can be approximated by iterative methods, such as the Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT) and the Conjugate Gradient Least Squares (CGLS).
This dissertation focuses on the development of a novel iterative algorithm, the Direct Iterative Reconstruction of Computed Tomography Trajectories (DIRECTT). After its reconstruction principle is explained, its performance is assessed for real parallel- and cone-beam CT (including under-sampled) data and compared to that of other established algorithms. Finally, it is demonstrated how the shape of the measured object can be modelled into DIRECTT to achieve even better reconstruction results.
My thesis chiefly aims to shed light on the favourable properties of LHP semiconductors from the point of view of their electronic structure.
Currently, various hypotheses are circulating to explain the exceptionally favourable transport properties of LHPs. Seeking an explanation for the low non-radiative recombination rates and long carrier lifetimes is particularly interesting to the halide perovskites research community.
The first part of this work investigates the two main hypotheses that are believed to play a significant role: the existence of a giant Rashba effect and large polarons. The experimental method of ARPES is mainly applied to verify their credibility.
The first hypothesis presumes that a giant Rashba effect restricts the recombination losses of the charge carriers by making the band gap slightly indirect. The Rashba effect is based on a strong SOC that could appear in LHPs thanks to incorporating the heavy element Pb in their structure. Earlier experimental work had pointed out this effect at the VBM of a hybrid LHP as a viable explanation for the long lifetimes of the charge carriers.
My systematic ARPES studies on hybrid MAPbBr3 and spin-resolved ARPES studies on the inorganic CsPbBr3 disprove the presence of any Rashba effect in the VBM of the reported order of magnitude. Therefore, neither the spin texture nor an indirect band gap character at the VBM in the bulk or at the surface can explain the high efficiency of LHP. In case of existence, this effect is in terms of the Rashba parameter at least a factor of a hundred smaller than previously assumed.
The second hypothesis proposes large polaron formation in the electronic structure of LHPs and attributes it to their high defect tolerance and low non-radiative recombination rate. Because the perovskite structure consists of negative and positive ions, polarons of this kind can be expected due to the Coulomb interaction between carriers and the polar lattice at intermediate electron-phonon coupling strength. Their existence is proposed to screen the carriers and defects to avoid recombination and trapping, thus leading to long carrier lifetimes. ARPES results by one group supported this assumption, reporting a 50% effective mass enhancement over the theoretical effective mass for CsPbBr3 in the orthorhombic structure.
The current thesis examines this hypothesis experimentally by photon-energy-dependent ARPES spectra and theoretically by GW band calculations of CsPbBr3 perovskites. The investigation is based on the fact that a polaron contribution in charge transport can become evident by an increase of the effective mass as measured by ARPES over the calculated one without polaron effects. However, my experiments on crystalline CsPbBr3 did not imply a larger effective mass for which one could postulate large polarons. In fact, the effective masses determined from ARPES agree with that of theoretical predictions.
The second part of my thesis thoroughly investigates the possibility of spontaneously magnetizing LHPs by introducing Mn2+ ions. Mn doping was reported to cause ferromagnetism in one of the most common LHPs, MAPbI3, mediated by super-exchange. The current work investigates the magnetic properties of a wide concentration range of Mn-doped MAPbI3 and triple-cation films by XAS, XMCD, and SQUID measurements. Based on the XAS line shape and a sum-rule analysis of the XMCD spectra, a pure Mn2+ configuration has been confirmed. Negative Curie temperatures are extracted from fitting the magnetization with a Curie-Weiss law. However, a remanent magnetization, which would be an indication of the absence of ferromagnetism down to 2K. As far as the double exchange is concerned, the element-specific XAS excludes a sufficient amount of Mn3+ as a prerequisite for this mechanism. All the findings show no evidence of significant double exchange or ferromagnetism in Mn-doped LHPs. The magnetic behavior is paramagnetic rather than ferromagnetic.
In the dissertation's last chapter, orthorhombic features of CsPbBr3 are revealed by ARPES, including an extra VBM at the Γ-point. The VBM of CsPbBr3 shows a temperature-dependent splitting, which decreases by 190 meV between 38K and 300K and tracks a shift of a saddle point at the cubic M-point. It is possible to reproduce the energy shift using an atomic model with a larger unit cell for room temperature, allowing local inversion symmetry breaking. This indicates the importance of electric dipoles for the inorganic LHPs, which may contribute to their high efficiency by breaking inversion symmetry and a Berry-phase effect.
This thesis discusses heat and charge transport phenomena in single-crystalline Silicon penetrated by nanometer-sized pores, known as mesoporous Silicon (pSi). Despite the extensive attention given to it as a thermoelectric material of interest, studies on microscopic thermal and electronic transport beyond its macroscopic characterizations are rarely reported. In contrast, this work reports the interplay of both.
PSi samples synthesized by electrochemical anodization display a temperature dependence of specific heat 𝐶𝑝 that deviates from the characteristic 𝑇^3 behaviour (at 𝑇<50𝐾). A thorough analysis reveals that both 3D and 2D Einstein and Debye modes contribute to this specific heat. Additional 2D Einstein modes (~3 𝑚𝑒𝑉) agree reasonably well with the boson peak of SiO2 in pSi pore walls. 2D Debye modes are proposed to account for surface acoustic modes causing a significant deviation from the well-known 𝑇^3 dependence of 𝐶𝑝 at 𝑇<50𝐾.
A novel theoretical model gives insights into the thermal conductivity of pSi in terms of porosity and phonon scattering on the nanoscale. The thermal conductivity analysis utilizes the peculiarities of the pSi phonon dispersion probed by the inelastic neutron scattering experiments. A phonon mean-free path of around 10 𝑛𝑚 extracted from the presented model is proposed to cause the reduced thermal conductivity of pSi by two orders of magnitude compared to p-doped bulk Silicon. Detailed analysis indicates that compound averaging may cause a further 10-50% reduction. The percolation threshold of 65% for thermal conductivity of pSi samples is subsequently determined by employing theoretical effective medium models.
Temperature-dependent electrical conductivity measurements reveal a thermally activated transport process. A detailed analysis of the activation energy 𝐸𝐴𝜎 in the thermally activated transport exhibits a Meyer Neldel compensation rule between different samples that originates in multi-phonon absorption upon carrier transport. Activation energies 𝐸𝐴𝑆 obtained from temperature-dependent thermopower measurements provide further evidence for multi-phonon assisted hopping between localized states as a dominant charge transport mechanism in pSi, as they systematically differ from the determined 𝐸𝐴𝜎 values.
Control over spin and electronic structure of MoS₂ monolayer via interactions with substrates
(2023)
The molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer is a semiconductor with a direct bandgap while it is a robust and affordable material.
It is a candidate for applications in optoelectronics and field-effect transistors.
MoS2 features a strong spin-orbit coupling which makes its spin structure promising for acquiring the Kane-Mele topological concept with corresponding applications in spintronics and valleytronics.
From the optical point of view, the MoS2 monolayer features two valleys in the regions of K and K' points. These valleys are differentiated by opposite spins and a related valley-selective circular dichroism.
In this study we aim to manipulate the MoS2 monolayer spin structure in the vicinity of the K and K' points to explore the possibility of getting control over the optical and electronic properties.
We focus on two different substrates to demonstrate two distinct routes: a gold substrate to introduce a Rashba effect and a graphene/cobalt substrate to introduce a magnetic proximity effect in MoS2.
The Rashba effect is proportional to the out-of-plane projection of the electric field gradient. Such a strong change of the electric field occurs at the surfaces of a high atomic number materials and effectively influence conduction electrons as an in-plane magnetic field. A molybdenum and a sulfur are relatively light atoms, thus, similar to many other 2D materials, intrinsic Rashba effect in MoS2 monolayer is vanishing small. However, proximity of a high atomic number substrate may enhance Rashba effect in a 2D material as it was demonstrated for graphene previously.
Another way to modify the spin structure is to apply an external magnetic field of high magnitude (several Tesla), and cause a Zeeman splitting, the conduction electrons.
However, a similar effect can be reached via magnetic proximity which allows us to reduce external magnetic fields significantly or even to zero. The graphene on cobalt interface is ferromagnetic and stable for MoS2 monolayer synthesis. Cobalt is not the strongest magnet; therefore, stronger magnets may lead to more significant results.
Nowadays most experimental studies on the dichalcogenides (MoS2 included) are performed on encapsulated heterostructures that are produced by mechanical exfoliation.
While mechanical exfoliation (or scotch-tape method) allows to produce a huge variety of structures, the shape and the size of the samples as well as distance between layers in heterostructures are impossible to control reproducibly.
In our study we used molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) methods to synthesise both MoS2/Au(111) and MoS2/graphene/Co systems.
We chose to use MBE, as it is a scalable and reproducible approach, so later industry may adapt it and take over.
We used graphene/cobalt instead of just a cobalt substrate because direct contact of MoS2\ monolayer and a metallic substrate may lead to photoluminescence (PL) quenching in the metallic substrate. Graphene and hexagonal boron nitride monolayer are considered building blocks of a new generation of electronics also commonly used as encapsulating materials for PL studies. Moreover graphene is proved to be a suitable substrate for the MBE growth of transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs).
In chapter 1,
we start with an introduction to TMDCs. Then we focus on MoS2 monolayer state of the art research in the fields of application scenario; synthesis approaches; electronic, spin, and optical properties; and interactions with magnetic fields and magnetic materials.
We briefly touch the basics of magnetism in solids and move on to discuss various magnetic exchange interactions and magnetic proximity effect.
Then we describe MoS2 optical properties in more detail. We start from basic exciton physics and its manifestation in the MoS2 monolayer. We consider optical selection rules in the MoS2 monolayer and such properties as chirality, spin-valley locking, and coexistence of bright and dark excitons.
Chapter 2 contains an overview of the employed surface science methods: angle-integrated, angle-resolved, and spin-resolved photoemission; low energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy.
In chapter 3, we describe MoS2 monolayer synthesis details for two substrates: gold monocrystal with (111) surface and graphene on cobalt thin film with Co(111) surface orientation.
The synthesis descriptions are followed by a detailed characterisation of the obtained structures: fingerprints of MoS2 monolayer formation; MoS2 monolayer symmetry and its relation to the substrate below; characterisation of MoS2 monolayer coverage, domain distribution, sizes and shapes, and moire structures.
In chapter~4, we start our discussion with MoS2/Au(111) electronic and spin structure. Combining density functional theory computations (DFT) and spin-resolved photoemission studies, we demonstrate that the MoS2 monolayer band structure features an in-plane Rashba spin splitting. This confirms the possibility of MoS2 monolayer spin structure manipulation via a substrate.
Then we investigate the influence of a magnetic proximity in the MoS2/graphene/Co system on the MoS2 monolayer spin structure.
We focus our investigation on MoS2 high symmetry points: G and K.
First, using spin-resolved measurements, we confirm that electronic states are spin-split at the G point via a magnetic proximity effect. Second, combining spin-resolved measurements and DFT computations for MoS2 monolayer in the K point region, we demonstrate the appearance of a small in-plane spin polarisation in the valence band top and predict a full in-plane spin polarisation for the conduction band bottom.
We move forward discussing how these findings are related to the MoS2 monolayer optical properties, in particular the possibility of dark exciton observation. Additionally, we speculate on the control of the MoS2 valley energy via magnetic proximity from cobalt.
As graphene is spatially buffering the MoS2 monolayer from the Co thin film, we speculate on the role of graphene in the magnetic proximity transfer by replacing graphene with vacuum and other 2D materials in our computations.
We finish our discussion by investigating the K-doped MoS2/graphene/Co system and the influence of this doping on the electronic and spin structure as well as on the magnetic proximity effect.
In summary, using a scalable MBE approach we synthesised
MoS2/Au(111) and MoS2/graphene/Co systems. We found a Rashba effect taking place in MoS2/Au(111) which proves that the MoS2 monolayer in-plane spin structure can be modified. In MoS2/graphene/Co the in-plane magnetic proximity effect indeed takes place which rises the possibility of fine tuning the MoS2 optical properties via manipulation of the the substrate magnetisation.
Planets outside our solar system, so-called "exoplanets", can be detected with different methods, and currently more than 5000 exoplanets have been confirmed, according to NASA Exoplanet Archive. One major highlight of the studies on exoplanets in the past twenty years is the characterization of their atmospheres usingtransmission spectroscopy as the exoplanet transits. However, this characterization is a challenging process and sometimes there are reported discrepancies in the literature regarding the atmosphere of the same exoplanet. One potential reason for the observed atmospheric inconsistencies is called impact parameter degeneracy, and it is highly driven by the limb darkening effect of the host star. A brief introductionto those topics in presented in chapter 1, while the motivation and objectives of thiswork are described in chapter 2.The first goal is to clarify the origin of the transmission spectrum, which is anindicator of an exoplanet’s atmosphere; whether it is real or influenced by the impactparameter degeneracy. A second goal is to determine whether photometry from space using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), could improve on the major parameters, which are responsible for the aforementioned degeneracy, of known exoplanetary systems. Three individual projects were conducted in order toaddress those goals. The three manuscripts are presented, in short, in the manuscriptoverview in chapter 3.More specifically, in chapter 4, the first manuscript is presented, which is an ex-tended investigation on the impact parameter degeneracy and its application onsynthetic transmission spectra. Evidently, the limb darkening of the host star isan important driver for this effect. It keeps the degeneracy persisting through different groups of exoplanets, based on the uncertainty of their impact parameter and on the type of their host star. The second goal, was addressed in the second and third manuscripts (chapter 5 and chapter 6 respectively). Using observationsfrom the TESS mission, two samples of exoplanets were studied; 10 transiting inflated hot-Jupiters and 43 transiting grazing systems. Potentially, the refinement or confirmation of their major system parameters’ measurements can assist in solving current or future discrepancies regarding their atmospheric characterization.In chapter 7 the conclusions of this work are discussed, while in chapter 8 itis proposed how TESS’s measurements can be able to discern between erroneousinterpretations of transmission spectra, especially on systems where the impact parameter degeneracy is likely not applicable.
Recurrences in past climates
(2023)
Our ability to predict the state of a system relies on its tendency to recur to states it has visited before. Recurrence also pervades common intuitions about the systems we are most familiar with: daily routines, social rituals and the return of the seasons are just a few relatable examples. To this end, recurrence plots (RP) provide a systematic framework to quantify the recurrence of states. Despite their conceptual simplicity, they are a versatile tool in the study of observational data. The global climate is a complex system for which an understanding based on observational data is not only of academical relevance, but vital for the predurance of human societies within the planetary boundaries. Contextualizing current global climate change, however, requires observational data far beyond the instrumental period. The palaeoclimate record offers a valuable archive of proxy data but demands methodological approaches that adequately address its complexities. In this regard, the following dissertation aims at devising novel and further developing existing methods in the framework of recurrence analysis (RA). The proposed research questions focus on using RA to capture scale-dependent properties in nonlinear time series and tailoring recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) to characterize seasonal variability in palaeoclimate records (‘Palaeoseasonality’).
In the first part of this thesis, we focus on the methodological development of novel approaches in RA. The predictability of nonlinear (palaeo)climate time series is limited by abrupt transitions between regimes that exhibit entirely different dynamical complexity (e.g. crossing of ‘tipping points’). These possibly depend on characteristic time scales. RPs are well-established for detecting transitions and capture scale-dependencies, yet few approaches have combined both aspects. We apply existing concepts from the study of self-similar textures to RPs to detect abrupt transitions, considering the most relevant time scales. This combination of methods further results in the definition of a novel recurrence based nonlinear dependence measure. Quantifying lagged interactions between multiple variables is a common problem, especially in the characterization of high-dimensional complex systems. The proposed ‘recurrence flow’ measure of nonlinear dependence offers an elegant way to characterize such couplings. For spatially extended complex systems, the coupled dynamics of local variables result in the emergence of spatial patterns. These patterns tend to recur in time. Based on this observation, we propose a novel method that entails dynamically distinct regimes of atmospheric circulation based on their recurrent spatial patterns. Bridging the two parts of this dissertation, we next turn to methodological advances of RA for the study of Palaeoseasonality. Observational series of palaeoclimate ‘proxy’ records involve inherent limitations, such as irregular temporal sampling. We reveal biases in the RQA of time series with a non-stationary sampling rate and propose a correction scheme.
In the second part of this thesis, we proceed with applications in Palaeoseasonality. A review of common and promising time series analysis methods shows that numerous valuable tools exist, but their sound application requires adaptions to archive-specific limitations and consolidating transdisciplinary knowledge. Next, we study stalagmite proxy records from the Central Pacific as sensitive recorders of mid-Holocene El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics. The records’ remarkably high temporal resolution allows to draw links between ENSO and seasonal dynamics, quantified by RA. The final study presented here examines how seasonal predictability could play a role for the stability of agricultural societies. The Classic Maya underwent a period of sociopolitical disintegration that has been linked to drought events. Based on seasonally resolved stable isotope records from Yok Balum cave in Belize, we propose a measure of seasonal predictability. It unveils the potential role declining seasonal predictability could have played in destabilizing agricultural and sociopolitical systems of Classic Maya populations.
The methodological approaches and applications presented in this work reveal multiple exciting future research avenues, both for RA and the study of Palaeoseasonality.
The Lyman-𝛼 (Ly𝛼) line commonly assists in the detection of high-redshift galaxies, the so-called Lyman-alpha emitters (LAEs). LAEs are useful tools to study the baryonic matter distribution of the high-redshift universe. Exploring their spatial distribution not only reveals the large-scale structure of the universe at early epochs, but it also provides an insight into the early formation and evolution of the galaxies we observe today. Because dark matter halos (DMHs) serve as sites of galaxy formation, the LAE distribution also traces that of the underlying dark matter. However, the details of this relation and their co-evolution over time remain unclear. Moreover, theoretical studies predict that the spatial distribution of LAEs also impacts their own circumgalactic medium (CGM) by influencing their extended Ly𝛼 gaseous halos (LAHs), whose origin is still under investigation. In this thesis, I make several contributions to improve the knowledge on these fields using samples of LAEs observed with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at redshifts of 3 < 𝑧 < 6.
Stars under influence: evidence of tidal interactions between stars and substellar companions
(2023)
Tidal interactions occur between gravitationally bound astrophysical bodies. If their spatial separation is sufficiently small, the bodies can induce tides on each other, leading to angular momentum transfer and altering of evolutionary path the bodies would have followed if they were single objects. The tidal processes are well established in the Solar planet-moon systems and close stellar binary systems. However, how do stars behave if they are orbited by a substellar companion (e.g. a planet or a brown dwarf) on a tight orbit?
Typically, a substellar companion inside the corotation radius of a star will migrate toward the star as it loses orbital angular momentum. On the other hand, the star will gain angular momentum which has the potential to increase its rotation rate. The effect should be more pronounced if the substellar companion is more massive. As the stellar rotation rate and the magnetic activity level are coupled, the star should appear more magnetically active under the tidal influence of the orbiting substellar companion. However, the difficulty in proving that a star has a higher magnetic activity level due to tidal interactions lies in the fact that (I) substellar companions around active stars are easier to detect if they are more massive, leading to a bias toward massive companions around active stars and mimicking the tidal interaction effect, and that (II) the age of a main-sequence star cannot be easily determined, leaving the possibility that a star is more active due to its young age.
In our work, we overcome these issues by employing wide stellar binary systems where one star hosts a substellar companion, and where the other star provides the magnetic activity baseline for the host star, assuming they have coevolved, and thereby provides the host's activity level if tidal interactions have no effect on it. Firstly, we find that extrasolar planets can noticeably increase the host star's X-ray luminosity and that the effect is more pronounced if the exoplanet is at least Jupiter-like in mass and close to the star. Further, we find that a brown dwarf will have an even stronger effect, as expected, and that the X-ray surface flux difference between the host star and the wide stellar companion is a significant outlier when compared to a large sample of similar wide binary systems without any known substellar companions. This result proves that substellar hosting wide binary systems can be good tools to reveal the tidal effect on host stars, and also show that the typical stellar age indicators as activity or rotation cannot be used for these stars. Finally, knowing that the activity difference is a good tracer of the substellar companion's tidal impact, we develop an analytical method to calculate the modified tidal quality factor Q' of individual host stars, which defines the tidal dissipation efficiency in the convective envelope of a given main-sequence star.
Properties of Arctic aerosol in the transition between Arctic haze to summer season derived by lidar
(2023)
During the Arctic haze period, the Arctic troposphere consists of larger, yet fewer, aerosol particles than during the summer (Tunved et al., 2013; Quinn et al., 2007). Interannual variability (Graßl and Ritter, 2019; Rinke et al., 2004), as well as unknown origins (Stock et al., 2014) and properties of aerosol complicate modeling these annual aerosol cycles. This thesis investigates the modification of the microphysical properties of Arctic aerosols in the transition from Arctic haze to the summer season. Therefore, lidar measurements of Ny-Ålesund from April 2021 to the end of July 2021 are evaluated based on the aerosols’ optical properties. An overview of those properties will be provided. Furthermore, parallel radiosonde data is considered for indication of hygroscopic growth.
The annual aerosol cycle in 2021 differs from expectations based on previous studies from Tunved et al. (2013) and Quinn et al. (2007). Developments of backscatter, extinction, aerosol depolarisation, lidar ratio and color ratio show a return of the Arctic haze in May. The haze had already reduced in April, but regrew afterwards.
The average Arctic aerosol displays hygroscopic behaviour, meaning growth due to water uptake. To determine such a behaviour is generally laborious because various meteorological circumstances need to be considered. Two case studies provide further information on these possible events. In particular, a day with a rare ice cloud and with highly variable water cloud layers is observed.
Late-type stars are by far the most frequent stars in the universe and of fundamental interest to various fields of astronomy – most notably to Galactic archaeology and exoplanet research. However, such stars barely change during their main sequence lifetime; their temperature, luminosity, or chemical composition evolve only very slowly over the course of billions of years. As such, it is difficult to obtain the age of such a star, especially when it is isolated and no other indications (like cluster association) can be used. Gyrochronology offers a way to overcome this problem.
Stars, just like all other objects in the universe, rotate and the rate at which stars rotate impacts many aspects of their appearance and evolution. Gyrochronology leverages the observed rotation rate of a late-type main sequence star and its systematic evolution to estimate their ages. Unlike the above-mentioned parameters, the rotation rate of a main sequence star changes drastically throughout its main sequence lifetime; stars spin down. The youngest stars rotate every few hours, whereas much older stars rotate only about once a month, or – in the case of some late M-stars – once in a hundred days. Given that this spindown is systematic (with an additional mass dependence), it gave rise to the idea of using the observed rotation rate of a star (and its mass or a suitable proxy thereof) to estimate a star’s age. This has been explored widely in young stellar open clusters but remains essentially unconstrained for stars older than the sun, and K and M stars older than 1 Gyr.
This thesis focuses on the continued exploration of the spindown behavior to assess, whether gyrochronology remains applicable for stars of old ages, whether it is universal for late-type main sequence stars (including field stars), and to provide calibration mileposts for spindown models. To accomplish this, I have analyzed data from Kepler space telescope for the open clusters Ruprecht 147 (2.7 Gyr old) and M 67 (4 Gyr). Time series photometry data (light curves)
were obtained for both clusters during Kepler’s K2 mission. However, due to technical limitations and telescope malfunctions, extracting usable data from the K2 mission to identify (especially long) rotation periods requires extensive data preparation.
For Ruprecht 147, I have compiled a list of about 300 cluster members from the literature and adopted preprocessed light curves from the Kepler archive where available. They have been cleaned of the gravest of data artifacts but still contained systematics. After correcting them for said artifacts, I was able to identify rotation periods in 31 of them.
For M 67 more effort was taken. My work on Ruprecht 147 has shown the limitations imposed by the preselection of Kepler targets. Therefore, I adopted the time series full frame image directly and performed photometry on a much higher spatial resolution to be able to obtain data for as many stars as possible. This also means that I had to deal with the ubiquitous artifacts in Kepler data. For that, I devised a method that correlates the artificial flux variations with the ongoing drift of the telescope pointing in order to remove it. This process was a large success and I was able to create light curves whose quality match and even exceede those that were created by the Kepler mission – all while operating on higher spatial resolution and processing fainter stars. Ultimately, I was able to identify signs of periodic variability in the (created) light curves for 31 and 47 stars in Ruprecht 147 and M 67, respectively. My data connect well to bluer stars of cluster of the same age and extend for the first time to stars redder than early-K and older than 1 Gyr. The cluster data show a clear flattening in the distribution of Ruprecht 147 and even a downturn for M 67, resulting in a somewhat sinusoidal shape. With that, I have shown that the systematic spindown of stars continues at least until 4 Gyr and stars continue to live on a single surface in age-rotation periods-mass space which allows gyrochronology to be used at least up to that age. However, the shape of the spindown – as exemplified by the newly discovered sinusoidal shape of the cluster sequence – deviates strongly from the expectations.
I then compiled an extensive sample of rotation data in open clusters – very much including my own work – and used the resulting cluster skeleton (with each cluster forming a rip in color-rotation period-mass space) to investigate if field stars follow the same spindown as cluster stars. For the field stars, I used wide binaries, which – with their shared origin and coevality – are in a sense the smallest possible open clusters. I devised an empirical method to evaluate the consistency between the rotation rates of the wide binary components and found that the vast majority of them are in fact consistent with what is observed in open clusters. This leads me to conclude that gyrochronology – calibrated on open clusters – can be applied to determine the ages of field stars.
Seasonal forecasts are of great interest in many areas. Knowing the amount of precipitation for the upcoming season in regions of water scarcity would facilitate a better water management. If farmers knew the weather conditions of the upcoming summer at sowing time, they could select those cereal species that are best adapted to these conditions. This would allow farmers to improve the harvest and potentially even reduce the amount of pesticides used. However, the undoubted advantages of seasonal forecasts are often opposed by their high degree of uncertainty. The great challenge of generating seasonal forecasts with lead times of several months mainly originates from the chaotic nature of the earth system. In a chaotic system, even tiny differences in the initial conditions can lead to strong deviations in the system’s state in the long run.
In this dissertation we propose an emergent machine learning approach for seasonal forecasting, called the AnlgModel. The AnlgModel combines the analogue method with myopic feature selection and bootstrapping. To benchmark the abilities of the AnlgModel we apply it to seasonal cyclone activity forecasts in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific. The AnlgModel demonstrates competitive hindcast skills with two operational forecasts and even outperforms these for long lead times.
In the second chapter we comprehend the forecasting strategy of the Anlg-Model. We thereby analyse the analogue selection process for the 2017 North Atlantic and the 2018 Northwest Pacific seasonal cyclone activity. The analysis shows that those climate indices which are known to influence the seasonal cyclone activity, such as the Niño 3.4 SST, are correctly represented among the selected analogues. Furthermore the selected analogues reflect large-scale climate patterns that were identified by expert reports as being determinative for these particular seasons.
In the third chapter we analyse the features that are used by the AnlgModel for its predictions. We therefore inspect the feature relevance (FR). The FR patterns learned by the AnlgModel show a high congruence with the predictor regions used by the operational forecasts. However, the AnlgModel also discovered new features, such as the SST anomaly in the Gulf of Guinea during November. This SST pattern exhibits a remarkably high predictive potential for the upcoming Atlantic hurricane activity.
In the final chapter we investigate potential mechanisms, that link two of these regions with high feature relevance to the Atlantic hurricane activity. We mainly focus on ocean surface transport. The ocean surface flow paths are calculated using Lagrangian particle analysis. We demonstrate that the FR patterns in the region of the Canary islands do not correspond with ocean surface transport. It is instead likely that these FR patterns fingerprint a wind transport of latent heat. The second region to be studied is situated in the Gulf of Guinea. Our analysis shows that the FR patterns seen there do fingerprint ocean surface transport. However, our simulations also show that at least one other mechanism is involved in linking the Gulf of Guinea SST anomaly in November to the hurricane activity of the upcoming season.
In this work the AnlgModel does not only demonstrate its outstanding forecast skills but also shows its capabilities as research tool for detecting oceanic and atmospheric mechanisms.
The evolution of a galaxy is pivotally governed by its pattern of star formation over a given period of time. The star formation rate at any given time is strongly dependent on the amount of cold gas available in the galaxy. Accretion of pristine gas from the Intergalactic medium (IGM) is thought to be one of the primary sources for star-forming gas. This gas first passes through the virial regions of the galaxy before reaching the Interstellar medium (ISM), the hub of star formation. On the other hand, owing to the evolutionary course of young and massive stars, energetic winds are ejected from the ISM to the virial regions of the galaxy. A bunch of interlinked, complex astrophysical processes, arising from the concurrent presence of both infalling as well as outbound gas, play out over a range of timescales in the halo region or the Circumgalactic medium (CGM) of a galaxy. It would not be incorrect to say that the CGM has a stronghold over the gas reserves of a galaxy and thus, plays a backhand, yet, rather pivotal role in shaping many galactic properties, some of which are also readily observable. Observing the multi-phase CGM (via spectral-line ion measurements), however, remains a non-trivial effort even today. Low particle densities as well as the CGM’s vast spatial extent, coupled with likely deviations from a spherical distribution, marr the possibility of obtaining complete, unbiased, high-quality spectral information tracing the full extent of the gaseous halo. This often incomplete information leads to multiple inferences about the CGM properties that give rise to multiple contradicting models. In this regard, computer simulations offer a neat solution towards testing and, subsequently, falsifying many of these existing CGM models. Thanks to their controlled environments, simulations are able to not only effortlessly transcend several orders of magnitude in time and space, but also get around many of the observational limitations and provide some unique views on many CGM properties. In this thesis, I focus on effectively using different computer simulations to understand the role of CGM in various astrophysical contexts, namely, the effect of Local Group (LG) environment, major merger events and satellite galaxies. In Chapter 2, I discuss the approach used for modeling various phases of the simulated z = 0 LG CGM in Hestia constrained simulations. Each of the three realizations contain a Milky Way (MW)–Andromeda (M31) galaxy pair, along with their corresponding sets of satellite galaxies, all embedded within the larger cosmological context. For characterizing the different temperature–density phases within the CGM, I model five tracer ions with cloudy ionization modeling. The cold and cool–ionized CGM (H i and Si iii respectively) in Hestia is very clumpy and distributed close to the galactic centers, while the warm-hot and hot CGM (O vi, O vii and O viii) is tenuous and volume-filling. On comparing the H i and Si iii column densities for the simulated M31 with observational measurements from Project AMIGA survey and other low-z galaxies, I found that Hestia galaxies produced less gas in the outer CGM, unlike observations. My carefully designed observational bias model subsequently revealed the possibility that some MW gas clouds might be incorrectly associated with the M31 CGM in observations, and hence, may be partly responsible for giving rise to the detected mismatch between simulated data and observations. In Chapter 3, I present results from four zoom–in, major merger, gas–rich simulations and the subsequent role of the gas, originally situated in the CGM, in influencing some of the galactic observables. The progenitor parameters are selected such that the post–merger remnants are MW–mass galaxies. We generally see a very clear gas bridge joining the merging galaxies in case of multiple passage mergers while such a bridge is mostly absent when a direct collision occurs. On the basis of particle–to–galaxy distance computations and tracer particle analysis, I found that about 33–48 percent of the cold gas contributing to the merger–induced star formation in the bridge originated from the CGM regions. In Chapter 4, I used a sample of 234 MW-mass, L* galaxies from the TNG50 cosmological simulations, with an aim of characterizing the impact of their global satellite populations on the extended cold CGM properties of their host L* halos. On the basis of halo mass and number of satellite galaxies (N_sats ), I categorized the sample into low and high mass bins, and subsequently into bottom, inter and top quartiles respectively. After confirming that satellites indeed influence the extended cold halo gas density profiles of the host galaxies, I investigated the effects of different satellite population parameters on the host halo cold CGMs. My analysis showed that there is hardly any cold gas associated with the satellite population of the lowest mass halos. The stellar mass of the most massive satellite (M_*mms ) impacted the cold gas in low mass bin halos the most, while N_sats (followed by M_*mms ) was the most influential factor for the high mass halos. In any case, how easily cold gas was stripped off the most massive satellite did not play much role. The number of massive (Stellar mass, M* > 10^8 M_solar) satellites as well as the M_*mms associated with a galaxy are two of the most crucial parameters determining how much cold gas ultimately finds its way from the satellites to the host halo. Low mass galaxies are found rather lacking on both these fronts unlike their high mass counterparts. This work highlights some aspects of the complex gas physics that constitute the basic essence of a low-z CGM. My analysis proved the importance of a cosmological environment, local surroundings and merger history in defining some key observable properties of a galactic CGM. Furthermore, I found that different satellite properties were responsible for affecting the cold–dense CGM of the low and high-mass parent galaxies. Finally, the LG emerged as an exciting prospect for testing and pinning down several intricate details about the CGM.
Supernova remnants are considered to be the primary sources of galactic cosmic rays. These cosmic rays are assumed to be accelerated by the diffusive shock acceleration mechanism, specifically at shocks in the remnants. Particularly in the core-collapse scenario, these supernova remnant shocks expand inside the wind-blown bubbles structured by massive progenitors during their lifetime. Therefore, the complex environment of wind bubbles can influence the particle acceleration and radiation from the remnants. Further, the evolution of massive stars depends on their Zero Age Main Sequence mass, rotation, and metallicity. Consequently, the structures of the wind bubbles generated during the lifetime of massive stars should be considerably different. Hence, the particle acceleration in the core-collapse supernova remnants should vary, not only from the remnants evolving in the uniform environment but also from one another, depending on their progenitor stars.
A core-collapse supernova remnant with a very massive 60 𝑀 ⊙ progenitor star has been considered to study the particle acceleration at the shock considering Bohm-like diffusion. This dissertation demonstrates the modification in particle acceleration and radiation while the remnant propagates through different regions of the wind bubble by impacts from the profiles of gas density, the temperature of the bubble and the magnetic field structure. Subsequently, in this thesis, I discuss the impacts of the non-identical ambient environment of core-collapse supernova remnants on particle spectra and the non-thermal emissions, considering 20 𝑀 ⊙ and 60 𝑀⊙ massive progenitors having different evolutionary tracks. Additionally, I also analyse the effect of cosmic ray streaming instabilities on particle spectra.
To model the particle acceleration in the remnants, I have performed simulations in one-dimensional spherical symmetry using RATPaC code. The transport equation for cosmic rays and magnetic turbulence in test-particle approximation, along with the induction equation for the evolution of the large-scale magnetic field, have been solved simultaneously with the hydrodynamic equations for the expansion of remnants inside the pre-supernova circumstellar medium.
The results from simulations describe that the spectra of accelerated particles in supernova remnants are regulated by density fluctuations, temperature variations, the large-scale magnetic field configuration and scattering turbulence. Although the diffusive shock acceleration mechanism at supernova remnant shock predicts the spectral index of 2 for the accelerated non-thermal particles, I have obtained the particle spectra that deviate from this prediction, in the core-collapse scenario. I have found that the particle spectral index reaches 2.5 for the supernova remnant with 60 𝑀 ⊙ progenitor when the remnant resides inside the shocked wind region of the wind bubble, and this softness persists at later evolutionary stages even with Bohm-like diffusion for accelerated particles. However, the supernova remnant with 20 𝑀 ⊙ progenitor does not demonstrate persistent softness in particle spectra from the influence of the hydrodynamics of the corresponding wind bubble. At later stages of evolution, the particle spectra illustrate softness at higher energies for both remnants as the consequence of the escape of high-energy particles from the remnants while considering the cosmic ray streaming instabilities. Finally, I have probed the emission morphology of remnants that varies depending on the progenitors, particularly in earlier evolutionary stages. This dissertation provides insight into different core-collapse remnants expanding inside wind bubbles, for instance, the calculated gamma-ray spectral index from the supernova remnant with 60 𝑀 ⊙ progenitor at later evolutionary stages is consistent with that of the observed supernova remnants expanding in dense molecular clouds.
Search for light primordial black holes with VERITAS using gamma γ-ray and optical observations
(2023)
The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) is an array of four imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). VERITAS is sensitive to very-high-energy gamma-rays in the range of 100 GeV to >30 TeV. Hypothesized primordial black holes (PBHs) are attractive targets for IACTs. If they exist, their potential cosmological impact reaches beyond the candidacy for constituents of dark matter. The sublunar mass window is the largest unconstrained range of PBH masses. This thesis aims to develop novel concepts searching for light PBHs with VERITAS. PBHs below the sublunar window lose mass due to Hawking radiation. They would evaporate at the end of their lifetime, leading to a short burst of gamma-rays. If PBHs formed at about 10^15 g, the evaporation would occur nowadays. Detecting these signals might not only confirm the existence of PBHs but also prove the theory of Hawking radiation. This thesis probes archival VERITAS data recorded between 2012 and 2021 for possible PBH signals. This work presents a new automatic approach to assess the quality of the VERITAS data. The array-trigger rate and far infrared temperature are well suited to identify periods with poor data quality. These are masked by time cuts to obtain a consistent and clean dataset which contains about 4222 hours. The PBH evaporations could occur at any location in the field of view or time within this data. Only a blind search can be performed to identify these short signals. This thesis implements a data-driven deep learning based method to search for short transient signals with VERITAS. It does not depend on the modelling of the effective area and radial acceptance. This work presents the first application of this method to actual observational IACT data. This thesis develops new concepts dealing with the specifics of the data and the transient detection method. These are reflected in the developed data preparation pipeline and search strategies. After correction for trial factors, no candidate PBH evaporation is found in the data. Thus, new constraints of the local rate of PBH evaporations are derived. At the 99% confidence limit it is below <1.07 * 10^5 pc^-3 yr^-1. This constraint with the new, independent analysis approach is in the range of existing limits for the evaporation rate.
This thesis also investigates an alternative novel approach to searching for PBHs with IACTs. Above the sublunar window, the PBH abundance is constrained by optical microlensing studies. The sampling speed, which is of order of minutes to hours for traditional optical telescopes, is a limiting factor in expanding the limits to lower masses. IACTs are also powerful instruments for fast transient optical astronomy with up to O(ns) sampling. This thesis investigates whether IACTs might constrain the sublunar window with optical microlensing observations. This study confirms that, in principle, the fast sampling speed might allow extending microlensing searches into the sublunar mass window. However, the limiting factor for IACTs is the modest sensitivity to detect changes in optical fluxes. This thesis presents the expected rate of detectable events for VERITAS as well as prospects of possible future next-generation IACTs. For VERITAS, the rate of detectable microlensing events in the sublunar range is ~10^-6 per year of observation time. The future prospects for a 100 times more sensitive instrument are at ~0.05 events per year.
In the last century, several astronomical measurements have supported that a significant percentage (about 22%) of the total mass of the Universe, on galactic and extragalactic scales, is composed of a mysterious ”dark” matter (DM). DM does not interact with the electromagnetic force; in other words it does not reflect, absorb or emit light. It is possible that DM particles are weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) that can annihilate (or decay) into Standard Model (SM) particles, and modern very- high-energy (VHE; > 100 GeV) instruments such as imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) can play an important role in constraining the main properties of such DM particles, by detecting these products. One of the most privileged targets where to look for DM signal are dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs), as they are expected to be high DM-dominated objects with a clean, gas-free environment. Some dSphs could be considered as extended sources, considering the angular resolution of IACTs; their angu- lar resolution is adequate to detect extended emission from dSphs. For this reason, we performed an extended-source analysis, by taking into account in the unbinned maximum likelihood estimation both the energy and the angular extension dependency of observed events. The goal was to set more constrained upper limits on the velocity-averaged cross-section annihilation of WIMPs with VERITAS data. VERITAS is an array of four IACTs, able to detect γ-ray photons ranging between 100 GeV and 30 TeV. The results of this extended analysis were compared against the traditional spectral analysis. We found that a 2D analysis may lead to more constrained results, depending on the DM mass, channel, and source. Moreover, in this thesis, the results of a multi-instrument project are presented too. Its goal was to combine already published 20 dSphs data from five different experiments, such as Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, H.E.S.S., VERITAS and HAWC, in order to set upper limits on the WIMP annihilation cross-section in the widest mass range ever reported.
The first part of the thesis studies the properties of fast mode in magneto hydro-dynamic (MHD) turbulence. 1D and 3D numerical simulations are carried out to generate decaying fast mode MHD turbulence. The injection of waves are carried out in a collinear and isotropic fashion to generate fast mode turbulence. The properties of fast mode turbulence are analyzed by studying their energy spectral density, 2D structure functions and energy decay/cascade time. The injection wave vector is varied to study the dependence of the above properties on the injection wave vectors. The 1D energy spectrum obtained for the velocity and magnetic fields has 𝐸 (𝑘) ∝ 𝑘−2. The 2D energy spectrum and 2D structure functions in parallel and perpendicular directions shows that fast mode turbulence generated is isotropic in nature. The cascade/decay rate of fast mode MHD turbulence is proportional to 𝑘−0.5 for different kinds of wave vector injection. Simulations are also carried out in 1D and 3D to compare balanced and imbalanced turbulence. The results obtained shows that while 1D imbalanced turbulence decays faster than 1D balanced turbulence, there is no difference in the decay of 3D balanced and imbalanced turbulence for the current resolution of 512 grid points.
"The second part of the thesis studies cosmic ray (CR) transport in driven MHD turbulence and is strongly dependent on it’s properties. Test particle simulations are carried out to study CR interaction with both total MHD turbulence and decomposed MHD modes. The spatial diffusion coefficients and the pitch angle scattering diffusion coefficients are calculated from the test particle trajectories in turbulence. The results confirms that the fast modes dominate the CR propagation, whereas Alfvén, slow modes are much less efficient with similar pitch angle scattering rates. The cross field transport on large and small scales are investigated next. On large/global scales, normal diffusion is observed and the diffusion coefficient is suppressed by 𝑀𝜁𝐴 compared to the parallel diffusion coefficients, with 𝜁 closer to 4 in Alfvén modes than that in total turbulence as theoretically expected. For the CR transport on scales smaller than the turbulence injection scale 𝐿, both the local and global magnetic reference frames are adopted. Super diffusion is observed on such small scales in all the cases. Particularly, CR transport in Alfvén modes show clear Richardson diffusion in the local reference frame. The diffusion transition smoothly from the Richardson’s one with index 1.5 to normal diffusion as particle’s mean free path decreases from 𝜆∥ ≫ 𝐿 to 𝜆∥ ≪ 𝐿. These results have broad applications to CRs in various astrophysical environments".
International migration has been an increasing phenomenon during the past decades and has involved all the regions of the globe. Together with fertility and mortality rates, net migration rates represent the components that fully define the demographic evolution of the population in a country. Therefore, being able to capture the patterns of international migration flows and to produce projections of how they might change in the future is of relevant importance for demographic studies and for designing policies informed on the potential scenarios. Existing forecasting methods do not account explicitly for the main drivers and processes shaping international migration flows: existing migrant communities at the destination country, termed diasporas, would reduce the costs of migration and facilitate the settling for new migrants, ultimately producing a positive feedback; accounting for the heterogeneity in the type of migration flows, e.g. return and transit Ćows, becomes critical in some specific bilateral migration channels; in low- to middle- income countries economic development could relax poverty constraint and result in an increase of emigration rates.
Economic conditions at both origin and destination are identified as major drivers of international migration. At the same time, climate change impacts have already appeared on natural and human-made systems such as the economic productivity. These economic impacts might have already produced a measurable effect on international migration flows. Studies that provide a quantification of the number of migration moves that might have been affected by climate change are usually specific to small regions, do not provide a mechanistic understanding of the pathway leading from climate change to migration and restrict their focus to the effective induced flows, disregarding the impact that climate change might have had in inhibiting other flows.
Global climate change is likely to produce impacts on the economic development of the countries during the next decades too. Understanding how these impacts might alter future global migration patterns is relevant for preparing future societies and understanding whether the response in migration flows would reduce or increase population's exposure to climate change impacts.
This doctoral research aims at investigating these questions and fill the research gaps outlined above. First, I have built a global bilateral international migration model which accounts explicitly for the diaspora feedback, distinguishes between transit and return flows, and accounts for the observed non-linear effects that link emigration rates to income levels in the country of origin. I have used this migration model within a population dynamic model where I account also for fertility and mortality rates, producing hindcasts and future projections of international migration flows, covering more than 170 countries. Results show that the model reproduces past patterns and trends well. Future projections highlight the fact that,depending on the assumptions regarding future evolution of income levels and between-country inequality, migration at the end of the century might approach net zero or be still high in many countries. The model, parsimonious in the explanatory variables that includes, represents a versatile tool for assessing the impacts of different socioeconomic scenarios on international migration.
I consider then a counterfactual past without climate change impacts on the economic productivity. By prescribing these counterfactual economic conditions to the migration model I produce counterfactual migration flows for the past 30 years. I compare the counterfactual migration flows to factual ones, where historical economic conditions are used to produce migration flows. This provides an estimation of the recent international migration flows attributed to climate change impacts. Results show that a counterfactual world without climate change would have seen less migration globally. This effect becomes larger if I consider separately the increase and decrease in migration moves: a Ągure of net change in the migration flows is not representative of the effective magnitude of the climate change impact on migration. Indeed, in my results climate change produces a divergent effect on richer and poorer countries: by slowing down the economic development, climate change might have reduced international mobility from and to countries of the Global South, and increased it from and to richer countries in the Global North.
I apply the same methodology to a scenario of future 3℃ global warming above pre-industrial conditions. I Ąnd that climate change impacts, acting by reorganizing the relative economic attractiveness of destination countries or by affecting the economic growth in the origin, might produce a substantial effect in international migration flows, inhibiting some moves and inducing others.
Overall my results suggest that climate change might have had and might have in the future a significant effect on global patterns of international migration. It also emerges clearly that, for a comprehensive understanding of the effects of climate change on international migration, we need to go beyond net effects and consider separately induced and inhibited flows.
Mechanosensation is a fundamental biological process that provides the basis for sensing touch and pain as well as for hearing and proprioception. A special class of ion-channel proteins known as mechanosensitive proteins convert the mechanical stimuli into electrochemical signals to mediate this process. Mechanosensitive proteins undergo conformational changes in response to mechanical force, which eventually leads to the opening of the proteins' ion channel. Mammalian mechanosensitive proteins remained a long sought-after mystery until 2010 when a family of two proteins - Piezo1 and Piezo2 - was identifed as mechanosensors [1]. The cryo-EM structures of Piezo1 and Piezo2 protein were resolved in the last years and reveal a propeller-shaped homotrimer with 114 transmembrane helices [2, 3, 4, 5]. The protein structures are curved and have been suggested to deform the surrounding membrane into a nano-dome, which mechanically responds to membrane tension resulting from external forces [2]. In this thesis, the conformations of membrane-embedded Piezo1 and Piezo2 proteins and their tension-induced conformational changes are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Our coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations show that the Piezo proteins induce curvature in the surrounding membrane and form a stable protein-membrane nano-dome in the tensionless membrane. These membrane-embedded Piezo proteins, however, adopt substantially less curved conformations in our simulations compared to the cryo-EM structures solved in detergent micelles, which agrees with recent experimental investigations of the overall Piezo nano-dome shape in membrane vesicles [6, 7, 8]. At high membrane tension, the Piezo proteins attain nearly planar conformations in our simulations. Our systematic investigation of Piezo proteins under different membrane tensions indicates a half-maximal conformational response at membrane tension values rather close to the experimentally suggested values of Piezo activation [9, 10]. In addition, our simulations indicate a widening of the Piezo1 ion channel at high membrane tension, which agrees with the channel widening observed in recent nearly flattened cryo-EM structures of Piezo1 in small membrane vesicles [11]. In contrast, the Piezo2 ion channel does not respond to membrane tension in our simulations. These different responses of the Piezo1 and Piezo2 ion channels in our simulations are in line with patch-clamp experiments, in which Piezo1, but not Piezo2, was shown to be activated by membrane tension alone [12].
Reflexion ist eine Schlüsselkategorie für die professionelle Entwicklung von Lehrkräften, welche als Ausbildungsziel in den Bildungsstandards für die Lehrkräftebildung verankert ist. Eine Verstetigung universitär geprägter Forschung und Modellierung in der praxisnahen Anwendung im schulischen Kontext bietet Potentiale nachhaltiger Professionalisierung. Die Stärkung reflexionsbezogener Kompetenzen durch Empirie und Anwendung scheint eine phasenübergreifende Herausforderung der Lehrkräftebildung zu sein, die es zu bewältigen gilt. Ziele des Tagungsbandes Reflexion in der Lehrkräftebildung sind eine theoretische Schärfung des Konzeptes „Reflexive Professionalisierung“ und der Austausch über Fragen der Einbettung wirksamer reflexionsbezogener Lerngelegenheiten in die Lehrkräftebildung. Forschende und Lehrende der‚ drei Phasen (Studium, Referendariat sowie Fort- und Weiterbildung) der Lehrkräftebildung stellen Lehrkonzepte und Forschungsprojekte zum Thema Reflexion in der Lehrkräftebildung vor und diskutieren diese. Gemeinsam mit Teilnehmenden aller Phasen und von verschiedenen Standorten der Lehrkräftebildung werden zukünftige Herausforderungen identifiziert und Lösungsansätze herausgearbeitet.
Reflexion wird als notwendig für die professionelle Entwicklung von Lehrer:innen und die Verbesserung von Unterricht angesehen, wenngleich aus theoretischer Sicht große Uneinigkeit über den Begriff selbst, den Reflexionsprozess und die damit verbundenen Kompetenzen herrscht.
Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung, Untersuchung und Weiterentwicklung eines Reflexionsmodells mit einem theoriebasierten, klaren Konzept des Reflexionsprozesses und einem passenden Anspruch an die Reflexionsleistung der Reflektierenden. Grundlage für die empirische Untersuchung waren N = 132 Selbstreflexionstexte von N = 22 Studierenden aus dem Praxissemester Physik. Zur Codierung der Texte wurden vier mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse entwickelte Manuale angewandt. Mit quantitativen Methoden wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen strukturellen Elementen, Begründungen, Inhalten und dem Qualitätsmerkmal Reflexionstiefe überprüft.
Es zeigte sich ein "Überhang an Negativität": negative Bewertungen, negative Reflexionsauslöser und negative Inhalte hängen signifikant positiv mit größerer Reflexionstiefe zusammen. Auf Grundlage der empirischen Ergebnisse wurde das Reflexionsmodell mit externaler und internaler Zielorientierung (REIZ) entwickelt. Zudem wurde darauf aufbauend eine Definition für Reflexionstiefe in vier Argumentationsclustern formuliert. Für die Lehrkräftebildung wird der in REIZ dargestellte differenzierte Ansatz der Zielorientierung von Reflexion empfohlen.
Reflexion und Reflexivität
(2023)
Reflexion gilt in der Lehrkräftebildung als eine Schlüsselkategorie der professionellen Entwicklung. Entsprechend wird auf vielfältige Weise die Qualität reflexionsbezogener Kompetenzen untersucht. Eine Herausforderung hierbei kann in der Annahme bestehen, von der Analyse schriftlicher Reflexionen unmittelbar auf die Reflexivität einer Person zu schließen, da Reflexion stets kontextspezifisch als Abbild reflexionsbezogener Argumentationsprozesse angesehen werden sollte und reflexionsbezogenen Dispositionen unterliegt. Auch kann die Qualität einer Reflexion auf mehreren Dimensionen bewertet werden, ohne quantifizierbare, absolute Aussagen treffen zu können.
Daher wurden im Rahmen einer Physik-Videovignette N = 134 schriftliche Fremdreflexionen verfasst und kontextspezifische reflexionsbezogene Dispositionen erhoben. Expert*innen erstellten theoriegeleitet Qualitätsbewertungen zur Breite, Tiefe, Kohärenz und Spezifität eines jeden Reflexionstextes. Unter Verwendung computerbasierter Klassifikations- und Analyseverfahren wurden weitere Textmerkmale erhoben. Mittels explorativer Faktorenanalyse konnten die Faktoren Qualität, Quantität und Deskriptivität gefunden werden. Da alle konventionell eingeschätzten Qualitätsbewertungen durch einen Faktor repräsentiert wurden, konnte ein maximales Qualitätskorrelat kalkuliert werden, zu welchem jede schriftliche Fremdreflexion im Rahmen der vorliegenden Vignette eine computerbasiert bestimmbare Distanz aufweist. Diese Distanz zum maximalen Qualitätskorrelat konnte validiert werden und kann die Qualität der schriftlichen Reflexionen unabhängig von menschlichen Ressourcen quantifiziert repräsentieren. Abschließend konnte identifiziert werden, dass ausgewählte Dispositionen in unterschiedlichem Maße mit der Reflexionsqualität zusammenhängen. So konnten beispielsweise bezogen auf das Physik-Fachwissen minimale Zusammenhänge identifiziert werden, wohingegen Werthaltung sowie wahrgenommene Unterrichtsqualität eng mit der Qualität einer schriftlichen Reflexion in Verbindung stehen können.
Es wird geschlussfolgert, dass reflexionsbezogene Dispositionen moderierenden Einfluss auf Reflexionen nehmen können. Es wird empfohlen bei der Erhebung von Reflexion mit dem Ziel der Kompetenzmessung ausgewählte Dispositionen mit zu erheben. Weiter verdeutlicht diese Arbeit die Möglichkeit, aussagekräftige Quantifizierungen auch in der Analyse komplexer Konstrukte vorzunehmen. Durch computerbasierte Qualitätsabschätzungen können objektive und individuelle Analysen und differenzierteres automatisiertes Feedback ermöglicht werden.
Schulpraktische Phasen stellen eine bedeutende praxisnahe Lerngelegenheit im Lehramtsstudium dar, da sie Raum für umfangreiche Reflexionen der eigenen Lernerfahrung bieten. Das im Studium erworbene theoretisch-formale Wissen steht hierbei dem praktischen Wissen und Können gegenüber. Mit der professionellen Entwicklung im Referendariat, besonders im Kompetenzbereich des Unterrichtens, kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass sich eine Reflexion über eher fachliche Aspekte unter den Studierenden im Referendariat auf eine Reflexion über eher überfachliche und pädagogische Aspekte weitet. Infolge der Analyse von N = 55 schriftlichen Fremdreflexionen von angehenden Physiklehrkräften aus Studium und Referendariat konnte diese Hypothese für den Bereich der Unterrichtsanalyse und -reflexion unterstützt werden. Weiter wurde aus der Videovignette ein Workshopangebot für Lehrkräfte der zweiten und dritten Phase der Lehrkräftebildung entwickelt, erprobt und evaluiert.
Für die Entwicklung professioneller Handlungskompetenzen angehender Lehrkräfte stellt die Unterrichtsreflexion ein wichtiges Instrument dar, um Theoriewissen und Praxiserfahrungen in Beziehung zu setzen. Die Auswertung von Unterrichtsreflexionen und eine entsprechende Rückmeldung stellt Forschende und Dozierende allerdings vor praktische wie theoretische Herausforderungen. Im Kontext der Forschung zu Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) entwickelte Methoden bieten hier neue Potenziale. Der Beitrag stellt überblicksartig zwei Teilstudien vor, die mit Hilfe von KI-Methoden wie dem maschinellen Lernen untersuchen, inwieweit eine Auswertung von Unterrichtsreflexionen angehender Physiklehrkräfte auf Basis eines theoretisch abgeleiteten Reflexionsmodells und die automatisierte Rückmeldung hierzu möglich sind. Dabei wurden unterschiedliche Ansätze des maschinellen Lernens verwendet, um modellbasierte Klassifikation und Exploration von Themen in Unterrichtsreflexionen umzusetzen. Die Genauigkeit der Ergebnisse wurde vor allem durch sog. Große Sprachmodelle gesteigert, die auch den Transfer auf andere Standorte und Fächer ermöglichen. Für die fachdidaktische Forschung bedeuten sie jedoch wiederum neue Herausforderungen, wie etwa systematische Verzerrungen und Intransparenz von Entscheidungen. Dennoch empfehlen wir, die Potenziale der KI-basierten Methoden gründlicher zu erforschen und konsequent in der Praxis (etwa in Form von Webanwendungen) zu implementieren.
Reflexion – unhinterfragt eines der wichtigsten Worte im Kontext der Lehrkräftebildung. Fest verankert in den bundesdeutschen Bildungsstandards sind in Forschung und Lehre die Suche nach Evidenz und die Unterstützung (angehender) Lehrkräfte ständiger Antrieb unzähliger Akteur:innen aller Phasen der Lehrkräftebildung. Wenngleich begriff liche Unklarheiten die Kommunikation von Forschungsergebnissen nicht immer intuitiv und die Unterstützung in der Lehre nicht immer praktikabel werden lassen, besteht Einigkeit darüber, dass ein Diskurs zur reflexiven Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften geführt werden muss. Aus diesem Grund veranstalteten die beiden QLB-Projekte PSI-Potsdam der Universität Potsdam und K2teach der Freien Universität Berlin vom 5. bis 7. Oktober 2022 die Onlinetagung „Reflexion in der Lehrkräftebildung. Empirisch – Phasenübergreifend – Interdisziplinär“. Ausgehend von den verschiedensten Fachdisziplinen diskutierten Akteur:innen aller Phasen der Lehrkräftebildung unterschiedlicher Standorte Ergebnisse empirischer Studien und Erfahrungen aus der Arbeit mit (angehenden) Lehrkräften. Beiträge der Tagung sind in diesem Buch festgehalten und sind als Momentaufnahme eines sich ständig entwickelnden Themenfelds zu verstehen. Forschende und Lehrende haben mit dieser Momentaufnahme die Möglichkeit, Eindrücke für die eigene Arbeit aufzunehmen und weiterzuentwickeln.
This dissertation focuses on the understanding of the optical manipulation of microgels dispersed in aqueous solution of azobenzene containing surfactant. The work consists of three parts where each part is a systematic investigation of the (1) photo-isomerization kinetics of the surfactant in complex with the microgel polymer matrix, (2) light driven diffusiosmosis (LDDO) in microgels and (3) photo-responsivity of microgel on complexation with spiropyran.
The first part comprises three publications where the first one [P1] investigates the photo-isomerization kinetics and corresponding isomer composition at a photo-stationary state of the photo-sensitive surfactant conjugated with charged polymers or micro sized polymer networks to understand the structural response of such photo-sensitive complexes. We report that the photo-isomerization of the azobenzene-containing cationic surfactant is slower in a polymer complex compared to being purely dissolved in an aqueous solution. The surfactant aggregates near the polyelectrolyte chains at concentrations much lower than the bulk critical micelle concentration. This, along with the inhibition of the photo-isomerization kinetics due to steric hindrance within the densely packed aggregates, pushes the isomer-ratio to a higher trans-isomer concentration for all irradiation wavelengths.
The second publication [P2] combines experimental results and non-adiabatic dynamic simulations for the same surfactant molecules embedded in the micelles with absorption spectroscopy measurements of micellar solutions to uncover the reasons responsible for the slowdown in photo induced trans → cis azobenzene isomerization at concentrations higher than the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The simulations reveal a decrease of isomerization quantum yields for molecules inside the micelles and observes a reduction of extinction coefficients upon micellization. These findings explain the deceleration of the trans → cis switching in micelles of the azobenzene-containing surfactants.
Finally, the third publication [P3] focusses on the kinetics of adsorption and desorption of the same surfactant within anionic microgels in the dark and under continuous irradiation. Experimental data demonstrate, that microgels can serve as a selective absorber of the trans isomers. The interaction of the isomers with the gel matrix induces a remotely controllable collapse or swelling on appropriate irradiation wavelengths. Measuring the kinetics of the microgel size response and knowing the exact isomer composition under light exposure, we calculate the adsorption rate of the trans-isomers.
The second part comprises two publications. The first publication [P4] reports on the phenomenon of light-driven diffusioosmotic (DO) long-range attractive and repulsive interactions between micro-sized objects, whose range extends several times the size of microparticles and can be adjusted to point towards or away from the particle by varying irradiation parameters such as intensity or wavelength of light. The phenomenon is fueled by the aforementioned photosensitive surfactant. The complex interaction of dynamic exchange of isomers and photo-isomerization rate yields to relative concentrations gradients of the isomers in the vicinity of micro-sized object inducing a local diffusioosmotic (DO) flow thereby making a surface act as a micropump.
The second publication [P5] exclusively aims the visualization and investigation of the DO flows generated from microgels by using small tracer particles. Similar to micro sized objects, the flow is able to push adjacent tracers over distances several times larger than microgel size. Here we report that the direction and the strength of the l-LDDO depends on the intensity, irradiation wavelength and the amount of surfactant adsorbed by the microgel. For example, the flow pattern around a microgel is directed radially outward and can be maintained quasi-indefinitely under exposure at 455 nm when the trans:cis ratio is 2:1, whereas irradiation at 365 nm, generates a radially transient flow pattern, which inverts at lower intensities.
Lastly, the third part consists of one publication [P6] which, unlike the previous works, reports on the study of the kinetics of photo- and thermo-switching of a new surfactant namely, spiropyran, upon exposure with light of different wavelengths and its interaction with p(NIPAM-AA) microgels. The surfactant being an amphiphile, switches between its ring closed spiropyran (SP) form and ring open merocyanine (MC) form which results in a change in the hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance of the surfactant as MC being a zwitterionic form along with the charged head group, generates three charges on the molecule. Therefore, the MC form of the surfactant is more hydrophilic than in the case of the neutral SP state. Here, we investigate the initial shrinkage of the gel particles via charge compensation on first exposure to SP molecules which results from the complex formation of the molecules with the gel matrix, triggering them to become photo responsive. The size and VPTT of the microgels during irradiation is shown to be a combination of heating up of the solution during light absorption by the surfactant (more pronounced in the case of UV irradiation) and the change in the hydrophobicity of the surfactant.
The near-Earth space environment is a highly complex system comprised of several regions and particle populations hazardous to satellite operations. The trapped particles in the radiation belts and ring current can cause significant damage to satellites during space weather events, due to deep dielectric and surface charging. Closer to Earth is another important region, the ionosphere, which delays the propagation of radio signals and can adversely affect navigation and positioning. In response to fluctuations in solar and geomagnetic activity, both the inner-magnetospheric and ionospheric populations can undergo drastic and sudden changes within minutes to hours, which creates a challenge for predicting their behavior. Given the increasing reliance of our society on satellite technology, improving our understanding and modeling of these populations is a matter of paramount importance.
In recent years, numerous spacecraft have been launched to study the dynamics of particle populations in the near-Earth space, transforming it into a data-rich environment. To extract valuable insights from the abundance of available observations, it is crucial to employ advanced modeling techniques, and machine learning methods are among the most powerful approaches available. This dissertation employs long-term satellite observations to analyze the processes that drive particle dynamics, and builds interdisciplinary links between space physics and machine learning by developing new state-of-the-art models of the inner-magnetospheric and ionospheric particle dynamics.
The first aim of this thesis is to investigate the behavior of electrons in Earth's radiation belts and ring current. Using ~18 years of electron flux observations from the Global Positioning System (GPS), we developed the first machine learning model of hundreds-of-keV electron flux at Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) that is driven solely by solar wind and geomagnetic indices and does not require auxiliary flux measurements as inputs. We then proceeded to analyze the directional distributions of electrons, and for the first time, used Fourier sine series to fit electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) in Earth's inner magnetosphere. We performed a superposed epoch analysis of 129 geomagnetic storms during the Van Allen Probes era and demonstrated that electron PADs have a strong energy-dependent response to geomagnetic activity. Additionally, we showed that the solar wind dynamic pressure could be used as a good predictor of the PAD dynamics. Using the observed dependencies, we created the first PAD model with a continuous dependence on L, magnetic local time (MLT) and activity, and developed two techniques to reconstruct near-equatorial electron flux observations from low-PA data using this model.
The second objective of this thesis is to develop a novel model of the topside ionosphere. To achieve this goal, we collected observations from five of the most widely used ionospheric missions and intercalibrated these data sets. This allowed us to use these data jointly for model development, validation, and comparison with other existing empirical models. We demonstrated, for the first time, that ion density observations by Swarm Langmuir Probes exhibit overestimation (up to ~40-50%) at low and mid-latitudes on the night side, and suggested that the influence of light ions could be a potential cause of this overestimation. To develop the topside model, we used 19 years of radio occultation (RO) electron density profiles, which were fitted with a Chapman function with a linear dependence of scale height on altitude. This approximation yields 4 parameters, namely the peak density and height of the F2-layer and the slope and intercept of the linear scale height trend, which were modeled using feedforward neural networks (NNs). The model was extensively validated against both RO and in-situ observations and was found to outperform the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model by up to an order of magnitude. Our analysis showed that the most substantial deviations of the IRI model from the data occur at altitudes of 100-200 km above the F2-layer peak. The developed NN-based ionospheric model reproduces the effects of various physical mechanisms observed in the topside ionosphere and provides highly accurate electron density predictions.
This dissertation provides an extensive study of geospace dynamics, and the main results of this work contribute to the improvement of models of plasma populations in the near-Earth space environment.
The aim of this work is the study of silica Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWGs) in the context of applications in astronomy. The specific focus lies on the investigation of the feasibility and technology limits of customized silica AWG devices for high resolution near-infrared spectroscopy. In a series of theoretical and experimental studies, AWG devices of varying geometry, foot-print and spectral resolution are constructed, simulated using a combination of a numerical beam propagation method and Fraunhofer diffraction and fabricated devices are characterized with respect to transmission efficiency, spectral resolution and polarization sensitivity. The impact of effective index non-uniformities on the performance of high-resolution AWG devices is studied numerically. Characterization results of fabricated devices are used to extrapolate the technology limits of the silica platform. The important issues of waveguide birefringence and defocus aberration are discussed theoretically and addressed experimentally by selection of an appropriate aberration-minimizing anastigmatic AWG layout structure. The drawbacks of the anastigmatic AWG geometry are discussed theoretically. From the results of the experimental studies, it is concluded that fabrication-related phase errors and waveguide birefringence are the primary limiting factors for the growth of AWG spectral resolution. It is shown that, without post-processing, the spectral resolving power is phase-error-limited to R < 40, 000 and, in the case of unpolarized light, birefringence-limited to R < 30, 000 in the AWG devices presented in this work. Necessary measures, such as special waveguide geometries and post-fabrication phase error correction are proposed for future designs. The elimination of defocus aberration using an anastigmatic AWG geometry is successfully demonstrated in experiment. Finally, a novel, non-planar dispersive in-fibre waveguide structure is proposed, discussed and studied theoretically.