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Institute
Ramón Campos fue un autor muy influenciado por la corriente sensualista del
pensamiento lingüístico francés, el que había incluso llevado a sus extremos más
radicales. Para él, la abstracción se llevaba a cabo por medio de las palabras, del
lenguaje articulado, sin intervención del pensamiento. Los nombres adjetivos son en su
origen sustantivos. La memoria y la formación de las ideas generales son efectos del
don de la palabra, y de ningún modo operaciones del pensamiento. El lenguaje de
acción no es suficiente para la operación de la abstracción. La tendencia del
pensamiento hacia la concretización hace cundir las abstracciones. Ninguna palabra
dependiente o referencial es palabra primitiva. Estas ideas se reafirman también en el
contexto de su obra De la desigualdad personal en la sociedad civil donde sirven de
base para una nueva ética de la comunicación. Estudiaré el concepto de ‘el don de la
palabra’, que en este contexto es el instrumento único de la abstracción o
descomposición, capaz de partir el pensamiento en dos facultades o potencias
diferentes, ‘imaginación’ y ‘memoria’.
In recent years, the category of evidentiality has also come into use for the description of Romance languages and of German. This has been contingent on a change in its interpretation from a typological category to a semantic-pragmatic category, which allows an application to languages lacking specialised morphemes for the expression of evidentiality. We consider evidentiality to be a structural dimension of grammar, the values of which are expressed by types of constructions that code the source of information which a speaker imparts. If we look at the situation in Romance languages and in German, drawing a boundary between epistemic modality and evidentiality presents problems that are difficult to solve. Adding markers of the source of the speaker's knowledge often limits the degree of responsibility of the speaker for the content of the utterance. Evidential adverbs are a frequently used means of marking the source of the speaker's knowledge. The evidential meaning is generalised to marking any source of knowledge, what can be regarded as a result of a process of pragmaticalisation. The use of certain means which also carry out evidential markings can even contribute to the blurring of the different kinds of evidentiality. German also has modal verbs which in conjunction with the perfect tense of the verb have a predominantly evidential use (sollen and wollen). But even here the evidential marking is not without influence on the modality of the utterance. The Romance languages, however, do not have such specialised verbs for expressing evidentiality in certain contexts. To do this, they mark evidentiality - often context bound - by verb forms such as the conditional and the imperfect tense. This article shall contrast the different architectures used in expressing evidentiality in German and in the Romance languages.