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New hybrid materials have been prepared by grafting synthetic peptides in the interlayer spacing of Cu(II) and Co(II) layered simple hydroxides (LSHs). The interlayer spacing of the hybrids depends on the peptide chain length; the dependence is specific for the copper and cobalt-based hybrids. This suggests a metal-or LSH-specific interaction of the peptides with the respective inorganic layers. When tyrosine is present in the peptide, its fluorescence is quenched after grafting the peptide to the LSH. Studies of the luminescence vs. pH indicate deprotonation of the tyrosine moieties to tyrosinate at high pH, accompanied by the onset of luminescence. The luminescence increases with increasing OH- concentration, suggesting an application of the hybrids as chemical sensors. Moreover, the peptides influence the magnetic properties of the hybrids. The copper-based hybrids behave antiferromagnetically and the cobalt-based hybrids are ferrimagnets.
Functional hybrid materials on the basis of inorganic hosts and ionic liquids (ILs) as guests hold promise for a virtually unlimited number of applications. In particular, the interaction and the combination of properties of a defined inorganic matrix and a specific IL could lead to synergistic effects in property selection and tuning. Such hybrid materials, generally termed ionogels, are thus an emerging topic in hybrid materials research. The current article addresses some of the recent developments and focuses on the question why silica is currently the dominating matrix used for (inorganic) ionogel fabrication. In comparison to silica, matrix materials such as layered simple hydroxides, layered double hydroxides, clay-type substances, magnetic or catalytically active solids, and many other compounds could be much more interesting because they themselves may carry useful functionalities, which could also be exploited for multifunctional hybrid materials synthesis. The current article combines experimental results with some arguments as to how new, advanced functional hybrid materials can be generated and which obstacles will need to be overcome to successfully achieve the synthesis of a desired target material.