Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (190)
Year of publication
- 2016 (190) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (190) (remove)
Language
- English (190)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (190)
Keywords
- Arabidopsis (3)
- Felidae (3)
- adaptation (3)
- phytoplankton (3)
- translation (3)
- Amphibia (2)
- Animal movement (2)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (2)
- Bacteriophage (2)
- Bioelectrocatalysis (2)
- Campylomormyrus (2)
- Chlamydomonas (2)
- Chytridiomycota (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Coadaptation (2)
- DNA methylation (2)
- Dictyostelium (2)
- Electron transfer (2)
- Flow cytometry (2)
- GPS data (2)
- Germline transmission (2)
- Grassland (2)
- IBM (2)
- Individual-based model (2)
- Large fragment deletion (2)
- Microsatellites (2)
- Mormyridae (2)
- Multiplex mutagenesis (2)
- O-antigen (2)
- O-serotyping (2)
- Parameter estimation (2)
- Phase variation (2)
- Phylogeny (2)
- RNA-guided Cas9 (2)
- Rozellomycota (2)
- Salmonella Typhimurium (2)
- Sampling rate (2)
- Southeast Asia (2)
- Tailspike protein (2)
- acidophile (2)
- allelopathy (2)
- biogeography (2)
- equalizing and stabilizing mechanisms (2)
- extremophile (2)
- global change (2)
- jasmonic acid (2)
- maintenance of functional diversity (2)
- niche and fitness differences (2)
- pathogens (2)
- priming (2)
- salicylic acid (2)
- supersaturated species coexistence (2)
- trait convergence and divergence (2)
- transcription factor (2)
- 16S rRNA (1)
- 3-end processing (1)
- A. tenuissima (1)
- AHL25 (1)
- ATML1 (1)
- Above-/below-ground interactions (1)
- Actin cytoskeleton (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Agricultural intensification (1)
- AgroScapeLabs (1)
- Aldehyde oxidoreductase (1)
- Algae-virus (1)
- Alternaria infectoria (1)
- Alternaria toxin sulfates (1)
- Amperometric sensor (1)
- Anguilla anguilla (1)
- Anisotropic growth (1)
- Annual plant communities (1)
- Antiphospholipid antibody (1)
- Antiphospholipid syndrome (1)
- Anura (1)
- Apple (1)
- Aquatic habitats (1)
- Arctic (1)
- Arf-like protein 2 (ARL2) (1)
- Arf-like protein 3 (ARL3) (1)
- Artificial micro-RNA (1)
- Asia (1)
- Asparagales (1)
- AtExpA8 (1)
- Bacterial toxin (1)
- Beech fructification (1)
- Below-ground resources (1)
- Beta2-glycoprotein I (1)
- Bioclimatic envelope modelling (1)
- Biocompatibility (1)
- Biofuel cell (1)
- Biogeography (1)
- Bioinformatic (1)
- Biome (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosensor array (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Biotic interactions (1)
- Birds (1)
- Blasia (1)
- Body mass index (1)
- Body size (1)
- Brassicaceae (1)
- Brown trout (1)
- CCM (1)
- CNTs-based screen printed electrodes (1)
- CO2 concentrating mechanism (1)
- CO2 limitation (1)
- CO2 supply (1)
- Camelus dromedarius (1)
- Cameroon (1)
- Capsella (1)
- Cavia aperea (1)
- Cell polarity (1)
- Cell volume (1)
- Centrosome (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Chlorella (1)
- Climate change manipulations (1)
- Clustering (1)
- Coluteocarpeae (1)
- Common vole (1)
- Communities as complex adaptive systems (1)
- Community assembly (1)
- Competitive hierarchies (1)
- Computational modelling (1)
- Crotalus (1)
- Cryptomycota (1)
- Curculigo (1)
- Cyanobacteria (1)
- DELLA proteins (1)
- Daphnia (1)
- Dark matter fungi (1)
- Data integration (1)
- Data standardisation and formatting (1)
- Dehydration tolerance (1)
- Dehydrogenase (1)
- Delta mcyB mutant (1)
- Dendritic cells (1)
- Developmental tempo (1)
- Direct electron transfer (1)
- Discretization (1)
- Dissolved inorganic carbon (1)
- Dissolved organic carbon (1)
- Diversification (1)
- Drug delivery systems (1)
- Dynamic vegetation models (1)
- EC50 (1)
- East Africa (1)
- Eco-evolution (1)
- Eco-genetic modelling (1)
- Ecological theory (1)
- Ecosystem functioning (1)
- Electron relay (1)
- Electronic tongue (1)
- Electropolymerization (1)
- Endoreduplication (1)
- Endozoochory syndrome (1)
- Enzyme electrode (1)
- Epidermis (1)
- Epitope mapping (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Esterase (1)
- European bat species (1)
- Experiment description (1)
- Experimental environment (1)
- Experimental evidence (1)
- Experimental metadata (1)
- Fitness gradient (1)
- Forest change (1)
- Formica lugubris (1)
- Freshwater algae (1)
- Freshwater fungi (1)
- Fruit shape (1)
- Functional bat group (1)
- Functional types (1)
- Fungal physiology and ecology (1)
- Fungal tree (1)
- G-quadruplexes (1)
- GMYC (1)
- Gene regulatory network (1)
- Geometric morphometrics (1)
- Germany (1)
- Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) (1)
- Glycopolymer brush (1)
- Glycosyltransferase (1)
- Greenhouse experiment (1)
- Growth reference values (1)
- Gutmicrobiota (1)
- Gymnophiona (1)
- H3K4 methylation (1)
- HPLC-MS/MS (1)
- Habitat gradients (1)
- HeH-protein (1)
- Heat stress response (1)
- Hexapoda (1)
- High-throughput next-generation sequencing (1)
- Homologous recombination (1)
- Honeybee (1)
- Human sulfite oxidase (1)
- Huntington disease (1)
- Hybrid prediction (1)
- Hypopharyngeal gland (1)
- In vivo biotinylation (1)
- Index Seminum (1)
- Insects (1)
- Integration sites (1)
- Javan leopard (1)
- KoRV (1)
- Kriging (1)
- LASSO (1)
- LEM-domain protein (1)
- LSU (1)
- Lactarius subgenus Plinthogali (1)
- Lake Stechlin (1)
- Land reform (1)
- Larix gmelinii (1)
- Leaf area index (1)
- Leber congenital amaurosis (1)
- Light (1)
- Line immunoassay (1)
- Livestock (1)
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Lumpiness in pattern formation and self-organization (1)
- Lynx (1)
- MADS-domain transcription factor (1)
- MHC diversity (1)
- Macrophytes (1)
- Maize (1)
- Markov model (1)
- Matrix model (1)
- Mechanisms (1)
- Medicine (1)
- Mediterranean shrubland (1)
- Mediterranean temporary ponds (1)
- Mesophyll tissue (1)
- Microbeads (1)
- Microbial electrochemistry (1)
- Microcystis aeruginosa (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Microtubules (1)
- Microtus arvalis (1)
- Mid-Holocene (1)
- Migration (1)
- Military areas (1)
- Minimum information recommendations (1)
- Mitosis (1)
- Model analysis (1)
- Model complexity (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Moesin (1)
- Mojave toxin (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- Moment closure for trait-based aggregate model approaches (1)
- Mormyroidea (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Multimodal trait distributions (1)
- Multiplexed assays (1)
- Multispecies-coalescent (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Mycophagy (1)
- NE Germany (1)
- Nagoya-protocol (1)
- Namibia (1)
- Nanogel (1)
- Nanoparticle (1)
- Nanoparticle uptake (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanotoxicology (1)
- Natura 2000 (1)
- Next-generation modelling (1)
- Ni electrodes (1)
- Nicotinamide (1)
- Nitric oxide synthase-like activity (1)
- Nitro-tyrosine (1)
- Noccaea (1)
- Nostoc (1)
- Nucleus (1)
- Nutrients (1)
- ODD model description (1)
- OPA1 (1)
- Offending (1)
- One Plan Approach (1)
- Overweight (1)
- PAM fluorometry (1)
- PEG model (1)
- Paracetamol (1)
- Paternal effects (1)
- Pathogenic detection (1)
- Periphyton (1)
- Permafrost ecosystem (1)
- Phenacetin (1)
- Phenolic compounds (1)
- Phenomics (1)
- Phenothiazine (1)
- Phosphodiesterase delta-subunit (PDE delta) (1)
- Phospholipid binding proteins (1)
- Plant diversity (1)
- Plant functional groups (1)
- Plant functional types (1)
- Plant performance (1)
- Plant phenotyping (1)
- Plastidial phosphorylase (1)
- Pleistocene (1)
- Plio-Pleistocene (1)
- Ploidy (1)
- Population cycle (1)
- Population history (1)
- Population-based model (1)
- Positive selection (1)
- Potato (1)
- Precipitation gradient (1)
- Probing living Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Protein voltammetry (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Puumala virus (1)
- RNA-Seq (1)
- Rainfall niche (1)
- Random walk (1)
- Rangeland management (1)
- Reactive nitrogen species (1)
- Redox polymer (1)
- Redox proteins (1)
- Redox sensitive proteins (1)
- Regression (1)
- Reintroduction (1)
- Resource selection (1)
- Retinitis pigmentosa protein 2 (RP2) (1)
- Retroviral endogenization (1)
- Ribosome profiling (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Rod photoreceptor (1)
- Russulaceae (1)
- S-glutathionylation (1)
- S-nitrosylation (1)
- SCN4aa (1)
- SLiCE (1)
- SSRs (1)
- STAT6 (1)
- Sarcopoterium spinosum (1)
- Scenedesmus (1)
- Screen-printed electrode (1)
- Seamless ligation cloning (1)
- Seasonality (1)
- Secondary structure (1)
- Seed germination (1)
- Selection (1)
- Senior-LOken syndrome (1)
- Sensitivity analysis (1)
- Shape of trade-offs and stabilizing and disruptive selection (1)
- Shrub encroachment (1)
- Simulation experiment (1)
- Solanum tuberosum L. (1)
- Species co-existence (1)
- Species complex (1)
- Species-delimitation (1)
- Stable isotopes (1)
- Stage-based model (1)
- Starch granule (1)
- Starch metabolism (1)
- Starch synthase (1)
- Structured population model (1)
- Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Survival (1)
- Synthetic biology (1)
- Tadpoles (1)
- Target enrichment (1)
- Th2 cells (1)
- The Netherlands (1)
- Thlaspi perfoliatum (1)
- Time-lag effects (1)
- Toba eruption (1)
- Toba volcanic eruption (1)
- Tolerance (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Trait heterogeneity (1)
- Trait-based approach (1)
- Transcription (1)
- Transcription factors (1)
- Translation (1)
- Triticum aestivum L. (1)
- Tyrosinase (1)
- Understanding (1)
- Ursus arctos (1)
- Ursus spelaeus (1)
- Vegetation continuum (1)
- VideoScan technology (1)
- Viverridae (1)
- Voice break (1)
- Voltage-gated sodium channel (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Wireworms (1)
- YME1L1 (1)
- Zoosporic fungi (1)
- abiotic soil factors (1)
- acI-B in Actinobacteria (1)
- acoustic telemetry (1)
- aggregation (1)
- altenuic acid (1)
- altertoxins (1)
- amyloid precursor protein (1)
- amyloid precursor-like protein (1)
- ancient DNA (1)
- animal model (1)
- annual plant communities (1)
- anthropogenic admixture (1)
- anthropogenic exploitation (1)
- anthropometry (1)
- antipsychotics (1)
- aquatic fungi (1)
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (1)
- arms race (1)
- asexual reproduction (1)
- autonomous pathway (1)
- bank vole (1)
- benthic food web (1)
- benthos (1)
- bet hedging (1)
- bilateral asymmetry (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- biodiversity assessment (1)
- biodiversity ecosystem functioning (BEF) (1)
- bioelectrocatalysis (1)
- biofilm (1)
- biogeochemistry (1)
- biomass (1)
- biomass allocation (1)
- biosensor (1)
- biosorption (1)
- biosynthesis (1)
- body height (1)
- carbon acquisition (1)
- carbon budget (1)
- carbon cycle (1)
- cattle grazing (1)
- cell adhesion (1)
- cellulose fibers (1)
- chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- chromatin (1)
- cis-regulatory evolution (1)
- civet oil (1)
- climate manipulation (1)
- co-limitation (1)
- coastal erosion (1)
- coevolution (1)
- colony organization (1)
- community ecology (1)
- community effect on height (1)
- competition (1)
- complex food webs (1)
- composite material (1)
- computational morphodynamics (1)
- continuous pasture (1)
- copy numbers (1)
- crustaceans (1)
- cyanobacteria (1)
- database (1)
- deep sequencing (1)
- defence (1)
- defense (1)
- degraded DNA (1)
- dementia (1)
- demographic history (1)
- development cooperation (1)
- diaptomid copepods (1)
- diffusion (1)
- direct electron transfer (1)
- discontinuous migration (1)
- eco-evolutionary dynamics (1)
- ecological efficiency (1)
- ecosystem function (1)
- ecosystem processes (1)
- elbow breadth (1)
- environmental adversity (1)
- environmental factor (1)
- environmental fluctuations (1)
- environmental trigger (1)
- enzymatic degradation (1)
- enzyme bioelectrocatalysis (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- eusociality (1)
- evolution (1)
- evolutionary history (1)
- extinction (1)
- extinctions (1)
- facilitation (1)
- fatty acid changes (1)
- filtration rate (1)
- finite element modeling (1)
- fish migration (1)
- fitness (1)
- flight (1)
- flight efficiency (1)
- flowering time (1)
- fluctuating selection (1)
- fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (1)
- frameshifting (1)
- freshwater algae (1)
- functional traits (1)
- fungal diversity (1)
- gene knock-out (1)
- generalists (1)
- generalized linear model (1)
- gibberellin (1)
- grassland (1)
- growth control (1)
- habitat specificity (1)
- handedness (1)
- handling effect (1)
- heat shock transcription factor (1)
- heterogeneity (1)
- high-frequency sensors (1)
- historic growth studies (1)
- historical demography (1)
- homing (1)
- host-virus (1)
- hyaluronic acid (1)
- hybrid capture (1)
- hybridization (1)
- hybridization capture (1)
- hydrogen peroxide (1)
- hyper spectral (1)
- inequality (1)
- infectivity (1)
- information technology (1)
- inorganic carbon uptake kinetics (1)
- intellectual disability (1)
- intraspecific variation (1)
- introgression (1)
- intronic cis-regulatory element (1)
- juvenile mortality (1)
- kin selection (1)
- lake ecosystem (1)
- lamin (1)
- land use impact (1)
- last glacial maximum (1)
- laterality (1)
- layer-by-layer (1)
- left handers (1)
- life history (1)
- light adaptation (1)
- lipid classes (1)
- lipid-binding protein (1)
- living collections management (1)
- lowland fen (1)
- macroporous ITO electrodes (1)
- meadow (1)
- mechanism (1)
- memory (1)
- metabarcoding (1)
- microcystin (1)
- microelectrode (1)
- microtubules (1)
- microviridins (1)
- migration (1)
- mitochondrial fragmentation (1)
- mitochondriopathy (1)
- mitogenomes (1)
- modified Alternaria toxins (1)
- molecular evolution (1)
- molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- morphological evolution (1)
- mtDNA (1)
- mycotoxin profile (1)
- natural products (1)
- natural resource management (1)
- neotypification (1)
- nephrocystins (1)
- nephronophthisis (1)
- nephropathia epidemica (1)
- neuronal adhesion (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- next-generation sequencing (1)
- niche shifts (1)
- non-academic capacity development (1)
- nonmodel species (1)
- nuclear lamina (1)
- nucleolus (1)
- nucleus (1)
- number and brightness (1)
- nurse plant (1)
- nutrient limitation (1)
- optic atrophy (1)
- optimization (1)
- organic farming (1)
- outbreak (1)
- oxygen reduction reaction (1)
- pH-dependent electrochemistry (1)
- pH-drift (1)
- paleogenetics (1)
- parental care (1)
- participatory ecological-economic modelling (1)
- participatory research (1)
- pelagic food web (1)
- peptides (1)
- permafrost (1)
- persistence (1)
- phenotypic plasticity (1)
- phosphatases (1)
- phosphate limitation (1)
- photoreceptor (1)
- photosynthesis response (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- phylogeography (1)
- pinniped (1)
- plankton (1)
- plant cell wall (1)
- plant community (1)
- plant development (1)
- plant functional traits (1)
- plant growth (1)
- plant invasion (1)
- plant productivity (1)
- plant species richness (1)
- plant synthetic biology (1)
- plant-pathogen interaction (1)
- plant-soil (belowground) interactions (1)
- plant-soil interaction (1)
- plasticity (1)
- poly(A) polymerase (1)
- polyadenylation (1)
- polydomy (1)
- polylysine (1)
- polymer-modified electrode (1)
- population structure (1)
- profiling buoys (1)
- protein biosynthesis (1)
- protein trafficking (Golgi) (1)
- public good (1)
- qRT-PCR (1)
- rainfall gradient (1)
- reactive oxygen species (1)
- reed (1)
- reproductive investment (1)
- reproductive system (1)
- resistance (1)
- reskilling (1)
- retinal degeneration (1)
- rice (1)
- role play (1)
- root hair initiation (1)
- root traits (1)
- rotational pasture (1)
- rotifers (1)
- savanna rangeland (1)
- scanning electrochemical microscopy (1)
- seasonal migration (1)
- secondary metabolites (1)
- secular trend (1)
- sediment (1)
- seed exchange (1)
- seeding (1)
- self-assembled monolayer (1)
- semi-arid (1)
- semipermeable (1)
- sequence enrichment (1)
- single cell genomics (1)
- size structure (1)
- social organization (1)
- social signals (1)
- sociality (1)
- soil aggregation (1)
- soil biota (1)
- specialists (1)
- species distribution modelling (1)
- species diversity (1)
- specific root length (1)
- stable isotopes (1)
- standard deviation for height (1)
- standing variation; organ-specific evolution (1)
- stoichiometry (1)
- strategic growth adjustment (1)
- stress signalling (1)
- stress tolerance (1)
- stress-gradient hypothesis (1)
- subsurface chlorophyll maximum (1)
- succession (1)
- sulfonated polyanilines (1)
- symbiosis (1)
- synthetic biology (1)
- systems biology (1)
- tannic acid (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- temperature increase (1)
- temporal effects (1)
- terrestrial subsidy (1)
- thermoregulation (1)
- trade-off (1)
- transcription (1)
- transcriptional memory (1)
- transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (1)
- transgenic plants (1)
- transient reporter gene assays (1)
- translation regulation (1)
- trinucleotide repeat disease (1)
- trophic interactions (1)
- unc-119 homolog (C. elegans) (UNC119A) (1)
- upper extremity (1)
- variability (1)
- venom (1)
- vertical migration (1)
- water sample (1)
- water-stable aggregates (1)
- wet grassland (1)
- wheat (1)
- white stork (1)
- wild dromedary (1)
- wildland conservation (1)
- winter fish kill (1)
- xanthine dehydrogenase (1)
- yellow Zea mays (1)
- zinc (1)
- zooplankton (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (190) (remove)
Phylogeography of the Small Indian Civet and Origin of Introductions to Western Indian Ocean Islands
(2016)
The biogeographic dynamics affecting the Indian subcontinent, East and Southeast Asia during the Plio-Pleistocene has generated complex biodiversity patterns. We assessed the molecular biogeography of the small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) through mitogenome and cytochrome b + control region sequencing of 89 historical and modern samples to (1) establish a time-calibrated phylogeography across the species’ native range and (2) test introduction scenarios to western Indian Ocean islands. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses identified 3 geographic lineages (East Asia, sister-group to Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent + northern Indochina) diverging 3.2–2.3 million years ago (Mya), with no clear signature of past demographic expansion. Within Southeast Asia, Balinese populations separated from the rest 2.6–1.3 Mya. Western Indian Ocean populations were assigned to the Indian subcontinent + northern Indochina lineage and had the lowest mitochondrial diversity. Approximate Bayesian computation did not distinguish between single versus multiple introduction scenarios. The early diversification of the small Indian civet was likely shaped by humid periods in the Late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene that created evergreen rainforest barriers, generating areas of intra-specific endemism in the Indian subcontinent, East, and Southeast Asia. Later, Pleistocene dispersals through drier conditions in South and Southeast Asia were likely, giving rise to the species’ current natural distribution. Our molecular data supported the delineation of only 4 subspecies in V. indica, including an endemic Balinese lineage. Our study also highlighted the influence of prefirst millennium AD introductions to western Indian Ocean islands, with Indian and/or Arab traders probably introducing the species for its civet oil.
Engineered nanogels are of high value for a targeted and controlled transport of compounds due to the ability to change their chemical properties by external stimuli. As it has been indicated that nanogels possess a high ability to penetrate the stratum corneum, it cannot be excluded that nanogels interact with dermal dendritic cells, especially in diseased skin. In this study the potential crosstalk of the thermore-sponsive nanogels (tNGs) with the dendritic cells of the skin was investigated with the aim to determine the immunotoxicological properties of the nanogels. The investigated tNGs were made of dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) and poly(glycidyl methyl ether-co-ethyl glycidyl ether) (p(GME-co-EGE)), as polymer conferring thermoresponsive properties. Although the tNGs were taken up, they displayed neither cytotoxic and genotoxic effects nor any induction of reactive oxygen species in the tested cells. Interestingly, specific uptake mechanisms of the tNGs by the dendritic cells were depending on the nanogels cloud point temperature (Tcp), which determines the phase transition of the nanoparticle. The study points to caveolae-mediated endocytosis as being the major tNGs uptake mechanism at 37 degrees C, which is above the Tcp of the tNGs. Remarkably, an additional uptake mechanism, beside caveolae-mediated endocytosis, was observed at 29 degrees C, which is the Tcp of the tNGs. At this temperature, which is characterized by two different states of the tNGs, macropinocytosis was involved as well. In summary, our study highlights the impact of thermoresponsivity on the cellular uptake mechanisms which has to be taken into account if the tNGs are used as a drug delivery system.
Aims Plants directly and indirectly interact with many abiotic and biotic soil components. Research so far mostly focused on direct, individual abiotic or biotic effects on plant growth, but only few studies tested the indirect effects of abiotic soil factors on plant growth. Therefore, we investigated how abiotic soil conditions affect plant performance, via changes induced by soil biota. Methods In a full-factorial experiment, we grew the widespread grass Dactylis glomerata either with or without soil biota and investigated the impact of soil temperature, fertility and moisture on the soil biota effects on plant growth. We measured biomass production, root traits and colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as well as microbial respiration. Important Findings We found significant interaction effects between abiotic soil conditions and soil biota on plant growth for fertility, but especially for soil temperature, as an increase of 10 degrees C significantly changed the soil biota effects on plant growth from positive to neutral. However, if tested individually, an increase in soil temperature and fertility per se positively affected plant biomass production, whereas soil biota per se did not affect overall plant growth, but both influenced root architecture. By affecting soil microbial activity and root architecture, soil temperature might influence both mutualistic and pathogenic interactions between plants and soil biota. Such soil temperature effects should be considered in soil feedback studies to ensure greater transferability of results from artificial and experimental conditions to natural environmental conditions.
The abandonment of military areas leads to succession processes affecting valuable open-land habitats and is considered to be a major threat for European butterflies. We assessed the ability of hyper spectral remote sensing data to spatially predict the occurrence of one of the most endangered butterfly species (Hipparchia statilinus) in Brandenburg (Germany) on the basis of habitat characteristics at a former military training area. Presence-absence data were sampled on a total area of 36 km(2), and N = 65 adult individuals of Hipparchia statilinus could be detected. The floristic composition within the study area was modeled in a three-dimensional ordination space. Occurrence probabilities for the target species were predicted as niches between ordinated floristic gradients by using Regression Kriging of Indicators. Habitat variance could be explained by up to 81 % with spectral variables at a spatial resolution of 2 x 2 m by transferring PLSR models to imagery. Ordinated ecological niche of Hipparchia statilinus was tested against environmental predictor variables. N = 6 variables could be detected to be significantly correlated with habitat preferences of Hipparchia statilinus. They show that Hipparchia statilinus can serve as a valuable indicator for the evaluation of the conservation status of Natura 2000 habitat type 2330 (inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands) protected by the Habitat Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC). The authors of this approach, conducted in August 2013 at Doberitzer Heide Germany, aim to increase the value of remote sensing as an important tool for questions of biodiversity research and conservation.
Warming and eutrophication are two of the most important global change stressors for natural ecosystems, but their interaction is poorly understood. We used a dynamic model of complex, size-structured food webs to assess interactive effects on diversity and network structure. We found antagonistic impacts: Warming increases diversity in eutrophic systems and decreases it in oligotrophic systems. These effects interact with the community size structure: Communities of similarly sized species such as parasitoid-host systems are stabilized by warming and destabilized by eutrophication, whereas the diversity of size-structured predator-prey networks decreases strongly with warming, but decreases only weakly with eutrophication. Nonrandom extinction risks for generalists and specialists lead to higher connectance in networks without size structure and lower connectance in size-structured communities. Overall, our results unravel interactive impacts of warming and eutrophication and suggest that size structure may serve as an important proxy for predicting the community sensitivity to these global change stressors.
1. Plant-plant interactions may critically modify the impact of climate change on plant communities. However, the magnitude and even direction of potential future interactions remains highly debated, especially for water-limited ecosystems. Predictions range from increasing facilitation to increasing competition with future aridification. 2. The different methodologies used for assessing plant-plant interactions under changing environmental conditions may affect the outcome but they are not equally represented in the literature. Mechanistic experimental manipulations are rare compared with correlative approaches that infer future patterns from current observations along spatial climatic gradients. 3. Here, we utilize a unique climatic gradient in combination with a large-scale, long-term experiment to test whether predictions about plant-plant interactions yield similar results when using experimental manipulations, spatial gradients or temporal variation. We assessed shrub-annual interactions in three different sites along a natural rainfall gradient (spatial) during 9 years of varying rainfall (temporal) and 8 years of dry and wet manipulations of ambient rainfall (experimental) that closely mimicked regional climate scenarios. 4. The results were fundamentally different among all three approaches. Experimental water manipulations hardly altered shrub effects on annual plant communities for the assessed fitness parameters biomass and survival. Along the spatial gradient, shrub effects shifted from clearly negative to mildly facilitative towards drier sites, whereas temporal variation showed the opposite trend: more negative shrub effects in drier years. 5. Based on our experimental approach, we conclude that shrub-annual interaction will remain similar under climate change. In contrast, the commonly applied space-for-time approach based on spatial gradients would have suggested increasing facilitative effects with climate change. We discuss potential mechanisms governing the differences among the three approaches. 6. Our study highlights the critical importance of long-term experimental manipulations for evaluating climate change impacts. Correlative approaches, for example along spatial or temporal gradients, may be misleading and overestimate the response of plant-plant interactions to climate change.
In nature, plants often encounter chronic or recurring stressful conditions. Recent results indicate that plants can remember a past exposure to stress to be better prepared for a future stress incident. However, the molecular basis of this is poorly understood. Here, we report the involvement of chromatin modifications in the maintenance of acquired thermotolerance (heat stress [HS] memory). HS memory is associated with the accumulation of histone H3 lysine 4 di- and trimethylation at memory-related loci. This accumulation outlasts their transcriptional activity and marks them as recently transcriptionally active. High accumulation of H3K4 methylation is associated with hyper-induction of gene expression upon a recurring HS. This transcriptional memory and the sustained accumulation of H3K4 methylation depend on HSFA2, a transcription factor that is required for HS memory, but not initial heat responses. Interestingly, HSFA2 associates with memory-related loci transiently during the early stages following HS. In summary, we show that transcriptional memory after HS is associated with sustained H3K4 hyper-methylation and depends on a hit-and-run transcription factor, thus providing a molecular framework for HS memory.
Mediated bioelectrochemical system for biosensing the cell viability of Staphylococcus aureus
(2016)
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most dangerous human pathogens and is the cause of numerous illnesses ranging from moderate skin infections to life-threatening diseases. Despite advances made in identifying microorganisms, rapid detection methods for the viability of bacteria are still missing. Here, we report a rapid electrochemical assay for cell viability combining the use of double redox mediators and multiwall carbon nanotubes-screen printed electrodes (MWCNTs-SPE), ferricyanide (FCN) and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP), which served as electron shuttle to enable the bacterial-electrode communications. The current originating from the metabolically active cells was recorded for probing the activity of the intracellular redox centers. Blocking of the respiratory chain pathways with electron transfer inhibitors demonstrated the involvement of the electron transport chain in the reaction. A good correlation between the number of the metabolically active cells and the current was obtained. The proposed assay has been exploited for monitoring cell proliferation of S. aureus during the growth. The sensitivity of the detection method reached 0.1 OD600. Therefore, the technique described is promising for estimating the cell number, measuring the cell viability, and probing intracellular redox center(s).
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can cause endocrine disruption, cancer, immunosuppression, or reproductive failure in animals. We used an individual-based model to explore whether and how PCB-associated reproductive failure could affect the dynamics of a hypothetical polar bear (Ursus maritimus) population exposed to PCBs to the same degree as the East Greenland subpopulation. Dose-response data from experimental studies on a surrogate species, the mink (Mustela vision), were used in the absence of similar data for polar bears. Two alternative types of reproductive failure in relation to maternal sum-PCB concentrations were considered: increased abortion rate and increased cub mortality. We found that the quantitative impact of PCB-induced reproductive failure on population growth rate depended largely on the actual type of reproductive failure involved. Critical potencies of the dose-response relationship for decreasing the population growth rate were established for both modeled types of reproductive failure. Comparing the model predictions of the age-dependent trend of sum-PCBs concentrations in females with actual field measurements from East Greenland indicated that it was unlikely that PCB exposure caused a high incidence of abortions in the subpopulation. However, on the basis of this analysis, it could not be excluded that PCB exposure contributes to higher cub mortality. Our results highlight the necessity for further research on the possible influence of PCBs on polar bear reproduction regarding their physiological pathway. This includes determining the exact cause of reproductive failure, i.e., in utero exposure versus lactational exposure of offspring; the timing of offspring death; and establishing the most relevant reference metrics for the dose-response relationship.
Objectives: To reanalyze the between-population variance in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), and to provide a globally applicable technique for generating synthetic growth reference charts. Methods: Using a baseline set of 196 female and 197 male growth studies published since 1831, common factors of height, weight, and BMI are extracted via Principal Components separately for height, weight, and BMI. Combining information from single growth studies and the common factors using in principle a Bayesian rationale allows for provision of completed reference charts. Results: The suggested approach can be used for generating synthetic growth reference charts with LMS values for height, weight, and BMI, from birth to maturity, from any limited set of height and weight measurements of a given population. Conclusion: Generating synthetic growth reference charts by incorporating information from a large set of reference growth studies seems suitable for populations with no autochthonous references at hand yet. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.