Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (36) (remove)
Year of publication
- 2022 (36) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (36)
Language
- English (36) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (36)
Keywords
- German (3)
- alternatives (3)
- Individual differences (2)
- Prosody (2)
- focus (2)
- interference (2)
- processing (2)
- Affective meaning (1)
- Bayes factors (1)
- Bayesian data (1)
- Bayesian inference (1)
- Bayesian meta-analysis (1)
- Bayesian model comparison (1)
- Cognitive Development (1)
- Cognitive emotional (1)
- Construct validity (1)
- Cross-domain (1)
- Cue weighting (1)
- Delta plot analyses (1)
- Development (1)
- Distributional models (1)
- EEG alpha power (1)
- ERP (1)
- ERPs (1)
- Emojis (1)
- Executive function (1)
- Eye-movement monitoring (1)
- Final-over-Final Condition (1)
- Gaze (1)
- Gesture (1)
- Homonymy (1)
- Infancy (1)
- Inhibitory control task (1)
- Journal policy (1)
- Language (1)
- Language Acquisition (1)
- Language acquisition (1)
- Lexical ambiguity (1)
- Masked priming (1)
- Meta-research (1)
- Morphological processing (1)
- N400 (1)
- Non-native language (1)
- Null hypothesis significance testing (1)
- Open (1)
- Open data (1)
- Periodic energy (1)
- Phonetic (1)
- Phonetic identification (1)
- Phonetic learning (1)
- Phonetics and phonology (1)
- Phonological iconicity (1)
- Picture-word interference (1)
- Picture-word-interference task (1)
- Pitch intelligibility (1)
- Primary school children (1)
- Processing (1)
- Pronoun binding (1)
- Quotative (1)
- RT distribution (1)
- Reenactment (1)
- Reliability (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Reproducible statistical analyses (1)
- Selective (1)
- Self-paced reading (1)
- Semantic interference effect (1)
- Sonority (1)
- Sound symbolism (1)
- Speech (1)
- Speech perception (1)
- Storytelling (1)
- Transitional probabilities (1)
- Visual word (1)
- Visual word recognition (1)
- Word production (1)
- adaptation (1)
- agreement attraction (1)
- analysis (1)
- archival (1)
- attention (1)
- bare NPs (1)
- boundary tone (1)
- c-command (1)
- child language acquisition (1)
- clinician feedback (1)
- cognitive processing (1)
- computational modeling (1)
- consonant bias (1)
- consonants and vowels (1)
- covered-box (1)
- cross-linguistic transfer (1)
- discontinuous noun phrases (1)
- discourse (1)
- discourse expectations (1)
- distractor frequency (1)
- emotional tone (1)
- event-related potentials (1)
- experimental semantics (1)
- extended projections (1)
- extraction (1)
- eye-movement monitoring (1)
- focus movement (1)
- free constituent order (1)
- garden-path effect (1)
- heritage speakers (1)
- information structure (1)
- inhibition (1)
- inter-individual variability (1)
- interaction (1)
- intonation, Prosody (1)
- inverse scope (1)
- language coverage (1)
- language production (1)
- latent processes (1)
- left dislocation (1)
- lexical tone (1)
- linguistic diversity (1)
- linguistics focus (1)
- memory retrieval (1)
- mixture modeling (1)
- mobile applications (1)
- modals (1)
- multinomial processing tree (1)
- negative strengthening (1)
- nominalization (1)
- non-native sentence processing (1)
- order (1)
- participles (1)
- perception (1)
- phonological and lexical processing (1)
- phonological theory (1)
- picture-word interference (1)
- picture-word-interference (1)
- pitch accents (1)
- polarity (1)
- possessor (1)
- posterior (1)
- power (1)
- prediction (1)
- predictive (1)
- prior (1)
- prominence (1)
- pronoun resolution (1)
- reasoning (1)
- recognition (1)
- referent introduction (1)
- registers (1)
- regulation (1)
- relative clause formation (1)
- research (1)
- sandwich priming paradigm (1)
- scalar implicatures (1)
- science (1)
- semantic attraction (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sensory processing (1)
- sentence processing; (1)
- serial verb constructions (1)
- similarity-based interference (1)
- simulation-based calibration (1)
- speech and language therapy (1)
- split topicalization (1)
- statistical (1)
- symmetry problem (1)
- syntactic reanalysis (1)
- syntax (1)
- telemedicine (1)
- typology (1)
- user research (1)
- variability (1)
- visual word recognition (1)
- word (1)
- word order (1)
Institute
- Department Linguistik (36) (remove)
Studies on French adults using a written lexical decision task with masked priming, in which targets were more primed by consonant- (jalu-JOLI) than vowel-related (vobi-JOLI) primes, support the proposal that consonants have more weight than vowels in lexical processing.
This study examines the phonological and/or lexical nature of this consonant bias
(C-bias), using a sandwich priming task in which a brief presentation of the target
(pre-prime) precedes the prime-target sequence, a manipulation blocking lexical neighbourhood effects.
Results from three experiments (varying pre-prime/prime durations) show consistent
C-priming and no significant V-priming at earlier and later processing stages (50 or 66 ms primes).
Yet, a joint analysis reveals a small V-priming, while confirming a significant consonant advantage.
This demonstrates the contribution of the phonological level to the C-bias.
Second, differences in performance comparing the classic versus sandwich priming task also establish a contribution of lexical neighbourhood inhibition effects to the C-bias.
We argue for a perspective on bilingual heritage speakers as native speakers of both their languages and present results from a large-scale, cross-linguistic study that took such a perspective and approached bilinguals and monolinguals on equal grounds.
We targeted comparable language use in bilingual and monolingual speakers, crucially covering broader repertoires than just formal language. A main database was the open-access RUEG corpus, which covers comparable informal vs. formal and spoken vs. written productions by adolescent and adult bilinguals with heritage-Greek, -Russian, and -Turkish in Germany and the United States and with heritage-German in the United States, and matching data from monolinguals in Germany, the United States, Greece, Russia, and Turkey. Our main results lie in three areas.
(1) We found non-canonical patterns not only in bilingual, but also in monolingual speakers, including patterns that have so far been considered absent from native grammars, in domains of morphology, syntax, intonation, and pragmatics.
(2) We found a degree of lexical and morphosyntactic inter-speaker variability in monolinguals that was sometimes higher than that of bilinguals, further challenging the model of the streamlined native speaker.
(3) In majority language use, non-canonical patterns were dominant in spoken and/or informal registers, and this was true for monolinguals and bilinguals. In some cases, bilingual speakers were leading quantitatively. In heritage settings where the language was not part of formal schooling, we found tendencies of register leveling, presumably due to the fact that speakers had limited access to formal registers of the heritage language.
Our findings thus indicate possible quantitative differences and different register distributions rather than distinct grammatical patterns in bilingual and monolingual speakers. This supports the integration of heritage speakers into the native-speaker continuum. Approaching heritage speakers from this perspective helps us to better understand the empirical data and can shed light on language variation and change in native grammars.
Furthermore, our findings for monolinguals lead us to reconsider the state-of-the art on majority languages, given recurring evidence for non-canonical patterns that deviate from what has been assumed in the literature so far, and might have been attributed to bilingualism had we not included informal and spoken registers in monolinguals and bilinguals alike.
Classical linguistic theory assumes that formal aspects, like sound, are not internally related to the meaning of words. However, recent research suggests language might code affective meaning such as threat and alert sublexically. Positing affective phonological iconicity as a systematic organization principle of the German lexicon, we calculated sublexical affective values for sub-syllabic phonological word segments from a large-scale affective lexical German database by averaging valence and arousal ratings of all words any phonological segment appears in. We tested word stimuli with either consistent or inconsistent mappings between lexical affective meaning and sublexical affective values (negative-valence/high-arousal vs. neutral-valence/lowarousal) in an EEG visual-lexical-decision task. A mismatch between sublexical and lexical affective values elicited an increased N400 response. These results reveal that systematic affective phonological iconicity - extracted from the lexicon - impacts the extraction of lexical word meaning during reading.
Stimulus data and experimental design for a self-paced reading study on emoji-word substitutions
(2022)
This data paper presents the experimental design and stimuli from an online self-paced reading study on the processing of emojis substituting lexically ambiguous nouns. We recorded reading times for the target ambiguous nouns and for emojis depicting either the intended target referent or a contextually inappropriate homophonous noun. Furthermore, we recorded comprehension accuracy, demographics and a self-assessment of the participants' emoji usage frequency. The data includes all stimuli used, the raw data, the full JavaScript code for the online experiment, as well as Python and R code for the data analysis. We believe that our dataset may give important insights related to the comprehension mechanisms involved in the cognitive processing of emojis. For interpretation and discussion of the experiment, please see the original article entitled "The processing of emoji-word substitutions: A self-paced-reading study".
In this paper, we employ an experimental paradigm using insights from the psychology of reasoning to investigate the question whether certain modals generate and draw attention to alternatives. The article extends and builds on the methodology and findings of Mascarenhas & Picat (2019). Based on experimental results, they argue that the English epistemic modal might raises alternatives. We apply the same methodology to the English modal allowed to to test different hypotheses regarding the involvement of alternatives in deontic modality. We find commonalities and differences between the two modals we tested. We discuss theoretical consequences for existing semantic analyses of these modals, and argue that reasoning tasks can serve as a diagnostic tool to discover which natural language expressions involve alternatives.
In the picture-word interference paradigm, participants name pictures while ignoring a written or spoken distractor word. Naming times to the pictures are slowed down by the presence of the distractor word. The present study investigates in detail the impact of distractor and target word properties on picture naming times, building on the seminal study by Miozzo and Caramazza. We report the results of several Bayesian meta-analyses based on 26 datasets. These analyses provide estimates of effect sizes and their precision for several variables and their interactions. They show the reliability of the distractor frequency effect on picture naming latencies (latencies decrease as the frequency of the distractor increases) and demonstrate for the first time the impact of distractor length, with longer naming latencies for trials with longer distractors. Moreover, distractor frequency interacts with target word frequency to predict picture naming latencies. The methodological and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
How tone, intonation and emotion shape the development of infants' fundamental frequency perception
(2022)
Fundamental frequency (integral(0)), perceived as pitch, is the first and arguably most salient auditory component humans are exposed to since the beginning of life.
It carries multiple linguistic (e.g., word meaning) and paralinguistic (e.g., speakers' emotion) functions in speech and communication.
The mappings between these functions and integral(0) features vary within a language and differ cross-linguistically. For instance, a rising pitch can be perceived as a question in English but a lexical tone in Mandarin. Such variations mean that infants must learn the specific mappings based on their respective linguistic and social environments.
To date, canonical theoretical frameworks and most empirical studies do not view or consider the multi-functionality of integral(0), but typically focus on individual functions. More importantly, despite the eventual mastery of integral(0) in communication, it is unclear how infants learn to decompose and recognize these overlapping functions carried by integral(0). In this paper, we review the symbioses and synergies of the lexical, intonational, and emotional functions that can be carried by integral(0) and are being acquired throughout infancy.
On the basis of our review, we put forward the Learnability Hypothesis that infants decompose and acquire multiple integral(0) functions through native/environmental experiences. Under this hypothesis, we propose representative cases such as the synergy scenario, where infants use visual cues to disambiguate and decompose the different integral(0) functions. Further, viable ways to test the scenarios derived from this hypothesis are suggested across auditory and visual modalities.
Discovering how infants learn to master the diverse functions carried by integral(0) can increase our understanding of linguistic systems, auditory processing and communication functions.
Inferences about hypotheses are ubiquitous in the cognitive sciences. Bayes factors provide one general way to compare different hypotheses by their compatibility with the observed data. Those quantifications can then also be used to choose between hypotheses. While Bayes factors provide an immediate approach to hypothesis testing, they are highly sensitive to details of the data/model assumptions and it's unclear whether the details of the computational implementation (such as bridge sampling) are unbiased for complex analyses. Hem, we study how Bayes factors misbehave under different conditions. This includes a study of errors in the estimation of Bayes factors; the first-ever use of simulation-based calibration to test the accuracy and bias of Bayes factor estimates using bridge sampling; a study of the stability of Bayes factors against different MCMC draws and sampling variation in the data; and a look at the variability of decisions based on Bayes factors using a utility function. We outline a Bayes factor workflow that researchers can use to study whether Bayes factors are robust for their individual analysis. Reproducible code is available from haps://osf.io/y354c/. <br /> Translational Abstract <br /> In psychology and related areas, scientific hypotheses are commonly tested by asking questions like "is [some] effect present or absent." Such hypothesis testing is most often carried out using frequentist null hypothesis significance testing (NIIST). The NHST procedure is very simple: It usually returns a p-value, which is then used to make binary decisions like "the effect is present/abscnt." For example, it is common to see studies in the media that draw simplistic conclusions like "coffee causes cancer," or "coffee reduces the chances of geuing cancer." However, a powerful and more nuanced alternative approach exists: Bayes factors. Bayes factors have many advantages over NHST. However, for the complex statistical models that arc commonly used for data analysis today, computing Bayes factors is not at all a simple matter. In this article, we discuss the main complexities associated with computing Bayes factors. This is the first article to provide a detailed workflow for understanding and computing Bayes factors in complex statistical models. The article provides a statistically more nuanced way to think about hypothesis testing than the overly simplistic tendency to declare effects as being "present" or "absent".
Background:
Aphasia therapy software applications (apps) can help achieve recommendations regarding aphasia treatment intensity and duration.
However, we currently know very little about speech and language therapists' (SLTs) preferences with regards to these apps.
This may be problematic, as clinician acceptance of novel treatments and technology are a key factor for successful translation from research evidence to practice.
Aim:
This research aimed to increase our understanding of clinicians' experiences with aphasia therapy apps and their perceived barriers and facilitators to the use of aphasia apps. Furthermore, we wanted to explore the influence of some demographic factors (age, country, and SLT availability in the client's hometown) on SLTs' attitudes towards these apps.
Method & Procedures:
35 Dutch and 29 Australian SLTs completed an online survey. The survey contained 9 closed-ended questions and 3 open-ended questions. Responses to the closed-ended questions were summarised through the use of descriptive statistics. The responses to the open questions were analysed and coded into recurring themes that were derived from the data. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between the demographic variables and the responses to the closed-ended questions.
Outcomes & results:
Participants were overwhelmingly positive about aphasia therapy apps and saw the potential for their clients to use apps independently. As facilitators of app use, participants reported accessibility and inclusion of different language modalities, while high costs, absence of a compatible device, and clients' potential computer illiteracy were listed as barriers. None of the analysed demographic factors consistently influenced differences in participants' attitudes towards aphasia therapy apps.
Conclusions:
The positive, extensive and insightful feedback from speech and language therapists is both useful and encouraging for app developers and aphasia researchers, and should facilitate the development of appropriate, high-quality therapy apps.
The study of perceptual flexibility in speech depends on a variety of tasks that feature a large degree of variability between participants. Of critical interest is whether measures are consistent within an individual or across stimulus contexts. This is particularly key for individual difference designs that are deployed to examine the neural basis or clinical consequences of perceptual flexibility. In the present set of experiments, we assess the split-half reliability and construct validity of five measures of perceptual flexibility: three of learning in a native language context (e.g., understanding someone with a foreign accent) and two of learning in a non-native context (e.g., learning to categorize non-native speech sounds). We find that most of these tasks show an appreciable level of split-half reliability, although construct validity was sometimes weak. This provides good evidence for reliability for these tasks, while highlighting possible upper limits on expected effect sizes involving each measure.