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Does a smile open all doors?
(2020)
Online photographs govern an individual’s choices across a variety of contexts. In sharing arrangements, facial appearance has been shown to affect the desire to collaborate, interest to explore a listing, and even willingness to pay for a stay. Because of the ubiquity of online images and their influence on social attitudes, it seems crucial to be able to control these aspects. The present study examines the effect of different photographic self-disclosures on the provider’s perceptions and willingness to accept a potential co-sharer. The findings from our experiment in the accommodation-sharing context suggest social attraction mediates the effect of photographic self-disclosures on willingness to host. Implications of the results for IS research and practitioners are discussed.
Living in a world of plenty?
(2020)
Inequality in the distribution of economic wealth within populations has been rising steadily over the past century, having reached unprecedented highs in many Western societies. However, this development is not reflected in people’s perceptions of wealth inequality, as the public tends to underestimate it. Research suggests that inequality estimates are derived from personal reference groups, which, as we propose, are expanded by social network site (SNS) use. As content on SNSs frequently revolves around events of consumption, signaling enhanced overall population wealth, this study tests the hypothesis that SNS use distorts inequality perceptions downward, i.e., increases the perception of societal equality. Responses of 534 survey participants in the United States confirm that SNS use negatively predicts perceived inequality. The relationship is stronger the more SNS users perceive the content they encounter online as real, supporting the assumption that observing other people’s behavior online lowers estimates of nationwide wealth inequality. These findings provide novel insights on inequality misperceptions by suggesting individuals’ SNS use as a new predictor of perceived wealth inequality.
Missing out on life
(2020)
Mobile devices have become an integral part of everyday life due to
their portability. As literature shows, technology use is not only beneficial but also has dark sides, such as addiction. Parents face the need to balance perceived benefits and risks of children’s exposure to mobile technologies. However, no study has uncovered what kind of benefits and concerns parents consider when implementing technology-related rules. We built on qualitative responses of 300
parents of children aged two to thirteen to explore concerns about, and perceived benefits of children’s smartphone and tablet usage, as well as the rules parents have developed regarding technology use. Findings point to concerns regarding children’s development, as well as benefits for both children and parents, and ultimately to new insights about mobile technology mediation. These results provide practical guidance for parents, physicians and mobile industry
stakeholders, trying to ensure that children are acting responsibly with mobile technology.
Background:
Anti-TNFα monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a well-established treatment for patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). However, subtherapeutic concentrations of mAbs have been related to a loss of response during the first year of therapy1. Therefore, an appropriate dosing strategy is crucial to prevent the underexposure of mAbs for those patients. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of different dosing strategies (fixed dose or body size descriptor adapted) on drug exposure and the target concentration attainment for two different anti-TNFα mAbs: infliximab (IFX, body weight (BW)-based dosing) and certolizumab pegol (CZP, fixed dosing). For this purpose, a comprehensive pharmacokinetic (PK) simulation study was performed.
Methods:
A virtual population of 1000 clinically representative CD patients was generated based on the distribution of CD patient characteristics from an in-house clinical database (n = 116). Seven dosing regimens were investigated: fixed dose and per BW, lean BW (LBW), body surface area, height, body mass index and fat-free mass. The individual body size-adjusted doses were calculated from patient generated body size descriptor values. Then, using published PK models for IFX and CZP in CD patients2,3, for each patient, 1000 concentration–time profiles were simulated to consider the typical profile of a specific patient as well as the range of possible individual profiles due to unexplained PK variability across patients. For each dosing strategy, the variability in maximum and minimum mAb concentrations (Cmax and Cmin, respectively), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and the per cent of patients reaching target concentration were assessed during maintenance therapy.
Results:
For IFX and CZP, Cmin showed the highest variability between patients (CV ≈110% and CV ≈80%, respectively) with a similar extent across all dosing strategies. For IFX, the per cent of patients reaching the target (Cmin = 5 µg/ml) was similar across all dosing strategies (~15%). For CZP, the per cent of patients reaching the target average concentration of 17 µg/ml ranged substantially (52–71%), being the highest for LBW-adjusted dosing.
Conclusion:
By using a PK simulation approach, different dosing regimen of IFX and CZP revealed the highest variability for Cmin, the most commonly used PK parameter guiding treatment decisions, independent upon dosing regimen. Our results demonstrate similar target attainment with fixed dosing of IFX compared with currently recommended BW-based dosing. For CZP, the current fixed dosing strategy leads to comparable percentage of patients reaching target as the best performing body size-adjusted dosing (66% vs. 71%, respectively).
Public blockchain
(2020)
Blockchain has the potential to change business transactions to a major extent. Thereby, underlying consensus algorithms are the core mechanism to achieve consistency in distributed infrastructures. Their application aims for transparency and accountability in societal transactions. As a result of missing reviews holistically covering consensus algorithms, we aim to (1) identify prevalent consensus algorithms for public blockchains, and (2) address the resource perspective with a sustainability consideration (whereby we address the three spheres of sustainability). Our systematic literature review identified 33 different consensus algorithms for public blockchains. Our contribution is twofold: first, we provide a systematic summary of consensus algorithms for public blockchains derived from the scientific literature as well as real-world applications and systemize them according to their research focus; second, we assess the sustainability of consensus algorithms using a representative sample and thereby highlight the gaps in literature to address the holistic sustainability of consensus algorithms.
As Industry 4.0 infrastructures are seen as highly evolutionary environment with volatile, and time-dependent workloads for analytical tasks, particularly the optimal dimensioning of IT hardware is a challenge for decision makers because the digital processing of these tasks can be decoupled from their physical place of origin. Flexible architecture models to allocate tasks efficiently with regard to multi-facet aspects and a predefined set of local systems and external cloud services have been proven in small example scenarios. This paper provides a benchmark of existing task realization strategies, composed of (1) task distribution and (2) task prioritization in a real-world scenario simulation. It identifies heuristics as superior strategies.
How messy is your news feed
(2020)
Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are pervasive in our daily lives. However, emerging reports suggest that people are increasingly dissatisfied with their experience of SNSs News Feeds. Motivated by the cognitive load theory, the paper postulates that arrangement and presentation of information are important constituents of one’s Facebook News Feed experience. Integrating these factors into the novel concept of ‘perceived disorder’, this paper hypothesizes that the perception of disorder elicited by the Facebook News Feed plays an important role in causing discontinuance intentions. Drawing on the Stressor-Strain-Outcome Model, we suggest that perceived disorder leads to SNS discontinuance intention and is partially mediated by SNS fatigue. The paper uses the responses of 268 Facebook users to investigate these relationships and introduces perceived disorder as a novel stressor. Besides adding to the existing body of literature, these insights are of relevance to internet service providers, policy makers and SNS users.
How games spoil creativity
(2020)
The demand for a creative workforce is every growing and effective measures to improve individual creativity are searched for. This study analyzes the possibility to use games as a prime for a creative mindset. Two short entertainment games, plus a no-game-comparison condition were set up in three versions of an online-study, along with two creativity tasks and scales to assess the individual creative mindset (fixed-vs-growth, creative self-efficacy and affect). Results indicate priming effects of the games, but in the opposite intended direction: gaming diminished the creative test performances. Those playing the games reported more ideas in the open-ended creative problem task, but those answers were of less quality and they solved less closed-problem items compared to those not playing. An impact of further mindset differences could be ruled out.