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Inhalt: - Was ist das Problem? – Politikverdrossenheit und Entfremdung zwischen Bürger und Staat - Warum mehr Partizipation? – Eine kommunitaristische Diagnose - Warum reicht politische Partizipation nicht aus? – Das Beispiel der Bürgerkommune - Wo können sich Bürger als Koproduzenten beteiligen? – Lehren aus dem Neuen Steuerungsmodell - Wie kann bürgerschaftliche Koproduktion gesteuertwerden? – Die neuen Möglichkeiten des Internets - Fazit
Die Freiheit des Geldes
(2012)
Wir schrumpfen!
(2012)
Was isst die Zukunft?
(2012)
Inhalt - Gegenwärtige Situation und Prognosen für den Zugang zu Nahrung: Globale Fleisch- und Getreideverteilung - Chronische Unterernährung und steigender Nahrungspreis - Zukunftsmodell 1: »land grabbing« - Zukunftsmodell 2: Insekten essen - Zukunftsmodell 3: »Vertical Farming« - Zukunftsmodell 4: Verringerung von Essensverschwendung
Fünf Finger hat die Hand …
(2012)
Recycling
(2012)
Mehr Demokratie wagen!
(2012)
The aim of the present study was to test the functional relevance of the spatial concepts UP or DOWN for words that use these concepts either literally (space) or metaphorically (time, valence). A functional relevance would imply a symmetrical relationship between the spatial concepts and words related to these concepts, showing that processing words activate the related spatial concepts on one hand, but also that an activation of the concepts will ease the retrieval of a related word on the other. For the latter, the rotation angle of participant's body position was manipulated either to an upright or a head-down tilted body position to activate the related spatial concept. Afterwards participants produced in a within-subject design previously memorized words of the concepts space, time and valence according to the pace of a metronome. All words were related either to the spatial concept UP or DOWN. The results including Bayesian analyses show (1) a significant interaction between body position and words using the concepts UP and DOWN literally, (2) a marginal significant interaction between body position and temporal words and (3) no effect between body position and valence words. However, post-hoc analyses suggest no difference between experiments. Thus, the authors concluded that integrating sensorimotor experiences is indeed of functional relevance for all three concepts of space, time and valence. However, the strength of this functional relevance depends on how close words are linked to mental concepts representing vertical space.
It is of major interest to estimate the feedback of arctic ecosystems to the global warming we expect in upcoming decades. The speed of this response is driven by the potential of species to migrate, tracking their climate optimum. For this, sessile plants have to produce and disperse seeds to newly available habitats, and pollination of ovules is needed for the seeds to be viable. These two processes are also the vectors that pass genetic information through a population. A restricted exchange among subpopulations might lead to a maladapted population due to diversity losses. Hence, a realistic implementation of these dispersal processes into a simulation model would allow an assessment of the importance of diversity for the migration of plant species in various environments worldwide. To date, dynamic global vegetation models have been optimized for a global application and overestimate the migration of biome shifts in currently warming temperatures. We hypothesize that this is caused by neglecting important fine-scale processes, which are necessary to estimate realistic vegetation trajectories. Recently, we built and parameterized a simulation model LAVESI for larches that dominate the latitudinal treelines in the northernmost areas of Siberia. In this study, we updated the vegetation model by including seed and pollen dispersal driven by wind speed and direction. The seed dispersal is modelled as a ballistic flight, and for the pollination of ovules of seeds produced, we implemented a wind-determined and distance-dependent probability distribution function using a von Mises distribution to select the pollen donor. A local sensitivity analysis of both processes supported the robustness of the model's results to the parameterization, although it highlighted the importance of recruitment and seed dispersal traits for migration rates. This individual-based and spatially explicit implementation of both dispersal processes makes it easily feasible to inherit plant traits and genetic information to assess the impact of migration processes on the genetics. Finally, we suggest how the final model can be applied to substantially help in unveiling the important drivers of migration dynamics and, with this, guide the improvement of recent global vegetation models.