Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (163)
Year of publication
- 2022 (163) (remove)
Document Type
- Postprint (163) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (163)
Keywords
- bibliometric analysis (3)
- exercise (3)
- machine learning (3)
- muscle strength (3)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Drehbuch (2)
- GPS (2)
- animal personality (2)
- attention (2)
- diabetes (2)
- discrimination (2)
- entrepreneurship (2)
- fence ecology (2)
- food web (2)
- football (2)
- functional traits (2)
- hate speech (2)
- human physical conditioning (2)
- light pollution (2)
- longitudinal (2)
- mathematical precursor (2)
- obesity (2)
- performance (2)
- pre-school (2)
- prevention (2)
- psychosocial moderators (2)
- resistance training (2)
- school mathematics (2)
- ungulate (2)
- validation study (2)
- veterinary cordon fence (2)
- youth sports (2)
- 0thers’ behavior (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- ACWR (1)
- ALAN (1)
- Adaptive Force (1)
- Adipose tissue (1)
- Adult-child interaction (1)
- Africa (1)
- Aging (1)
- Anastasiia Verbitskaia (1)
- Anastasija Verbickaja (1)
- Anemia (1)
- Animal personality (1)
- Ankle injury (1)
- Ankle sprain (1)
- Anna Mar (1)
- Antalek (1)
- Arabica coffee (1)
- Arctic ocean (1)
- Asplanchna brightwellii (1)
- Auteur Theorie (1)
- Balkan Turkic (1)
- Barriers (1)
- Basketball (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- BoNT/B uptake (1)
- Brachionus calyciflorus (1)
- COVID 19 (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- CRISPR editing validation (1)
- Carabidae beetles (1)
- Chronic conditions (1)
- Cognitive fatigue (1)
- Coping skills and adjustment (1)
- Cross-frequency PLV (1)
- DXA (1)
- Damage assessment (1)
- Data pooling (1)
- Delphi study (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Developmental hyperscanning (1)
- Dictyostelium (1)
- Digital Health (1)
- Digital intervention (1)
- Disturbance impacts (1)
- Disturbance indicator (1)
- Dual EEG analysis (1)
- Duration (1)
- Dynamometry (1)
- EEG (1)
- ERA5 (1)
- ESG ratings (1)
- Eating behavior (1)
- Eccentric muscle action (1)
- Education in Emergencies (1)
- Electronic Health (1)
- Elephant disturbance (1)
- Embodied cognition (1)
- Energy expenditure (1)
- European hare (1)
- Exertion (1)
- Explanations (1)
- Feminismus (1)
- Ferritin (1)
- FieldTrip (1)
- Filmmusik (1)
- Filmmusikanalyse (1)
- Finanzverfassung (1)
- Frauenfilmdramaturgie (1)
- Frauenliteratur (1)
- Functional ankle instability (1)
- GEDI (1)
- GNAT (1)
- Gait (1)
- Germany (1)
- Glucose homeostasis (1)
- Grip force (1)
- HDL (1)
- Hamstring-quadriceps ratio (1)
- Hatespeech (1)
- Health insurance (1)
- Hemoglobin (1)
- Holding isometric muscle action (1)
- Human physical conditioning (1)
- ICESat-2 (1)
- Illuminance (1)
- Injury (1)
- Injury risk (1)
- Insulin resistance (1)
- Inter-individual differences (1)
- Internet of Things (1)
- Interoception (1)
- Intervention (1)
- Intuitive eating (1)
- Iron deficiency anemia (1)
- Isometric contraction (1)
- Isometric muscle action (1)
- Kindes- und Jugendalter (1)
- Komponieren (1)
- K−12 teachers (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LCSM (1)
- LC–MS/MS (1)
- LDL (1)
- Lake Malawi (1)
- Landsat (1)
- Lars von Trier (1)
- Legislative organisation (1)
- Levy walks (1)
- Locally structured correlation (1)
- Locally structured standard deviation (1)
- Lymphocytes (1)
- MALDI-TOF-MS (1)
- MCI (1)
- MRI (1)
- Mandarin-English bilinguals (1)
- Maria Kallaš (1)
- Mariia Kallash (1)
- Martial arts (1)
- Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) (1)
- Measure validation (1)
- Mental number line (1)
- Microtus arvalis (1)
- Microvascular blood filling (1)
- Mindfulness (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mixed methods (1)
- Mobile Health (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (1)
- Motor system (1)
- Movement (1)
- Movement ecology (1)
- Muscle strength (1)
- Muscle twitch (1)
- Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- Musik im 20. Jahrhundert (1)
- Musikdramaturgie (1)
- Myodes glareolus (1)
- N400 (1)
- Network clustering (1)
- Neutrophils (1)
- Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- Noradrenaline (1)
- Number processing (1)
- NutriAct Family Study (1)
- ODBA (1)
- OV–VO (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Older adults (1)
- Omicron (1)
- Open Educational Practices (1)
- Overhead athletes (1)
- Oxygen saturation (1)
- PLV (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Perceived ankle instability (1)
- Performance (1)
- Phase Locking Value (1)
- Physical activity (1)
- Physical training (1)
- Plyometric exercise (1)
- Popkultur (1)
- Popmusik (1)
- Postural control (1)
- Pronouns (1)
- Protein complexes (1)
- Protein–protein interaction (1)
- Präexistente Musik (1)
- Prävention (1)
- Pulling isometric muscle action (1)
- Pushing isometric muscle action (1)
- RNA-Seq (1)
- RSI (1)
- Randomized-controlled trial (1)
- Redundancy (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Resistance training (1)
- Reticulocytes (1)
- Richard Wagner (1)
- Rotifera (1)
- Rovdo (1)
- Rumelian Turkic (1)
- Russian Empire (1)
- Russisches Kaiserreich (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SFON (1)
- SNARC (1)
- Schule (1)
- Sentinel 2 (1)
- Shire River (1)
- Shoulder (1)
- Sonderabgabe (1)
- Sound (1)
- South-Eastern Africa (1)
- Species comparison (1)
- Specific wood density (1)
- Sport-specific performance (1)
- Standard deviation (1)
- Stress response (1)
- Survey (1)
- Sway (1)
- TMAO reductase (1)
- TMS (1)
- Telehealth (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Time to task failure (1)
- Tiredness (1)
- Tree allometry (1)
- Umlageverfahren (1)
- Urban pluvial flood susceptibility (1)
- Usage (1)
- Variance (1)
- Wearable electronic device (1)
- Wearable technology (1)
- Wood specific gravity (1)
- Woody aboveground biomass (1)
- X-ray (1)
- YouTube (1)
- Youth (1)
- Yucatecan Spanish (1)
- accelerometer (1)
- acid mine drainage (1)
- activity preference (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- adolescents (1)
- aged (1)
- aging (1)
- agricultural landscape (1)
- allocation policies (1)
- allostatic load (1)
- allostatic load index (1)
- alpha-2 (1)
- analytical framework for Participatory Educational Practices (1)
- animal behaviour (1)
- anomalous diffusion (1)
- anterior PNP (1)
- anthropometry (1)
- anti-cancer drugs (1)
- antibiotic inactivation (1)
- antibody (1)
- antidepressants (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- aquaculture (1)
- artificial intelligence for health (1)
- artificial light at night (ALAN) (1)
- assignments (1)
- athletic performance (1)
- authorship attribution (1)
- automated radio telemetry (1)
- back-pain screening (1)
- balance (1)
- basic need satisfaction and frustration (1)
- bat fatalities (1)
- behavior problems (1)
- behavioral and self-report measures (1)
- behavioral type (1)
- biodiversity decline (1)
- bis-MGD (1)
- body-specificity hypothesis (1)
- bound phenolic compounds (1)
- brain health (1)
- buffer zones (1)
- burnout (1)
- business incubators (1)
- cTBS (1)
- calibration (1)
- camelid antibody (1)
- camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (1)
- canopy height (1)
- capacity (1)
- cardiac catheterization (CC) (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- cell-based assay (1)
- central and peripheral vision (1)
- centrosome (1)
- chaperone (1)
- childhood and adolescence (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- chimera (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- chronic back pain (1)
- chronic health condition (1)
- climate change (1)
- climate change adaptation (1)
- clinical sample (1)
- co-citation analysis (1)
- coexistence (1)
- coffee processing (1)
- cognitive/muscular fatigue (1)
- color (1)
- community model (1)
- conflict (1)
- constraint (1)
- convolutional neural network (1)
- coping strategies (1)
- copy number analyses (1)
- corporate rules (1)
- corpus dataset (1)
- cortisol (1)
- counter-speech (1)
- counting (1)
- course design (1)
- creative problem solving (1)
- creativity (1)
- cross-national (1)
- cross-species capture (1)
- cyberhate (1)
- decision processes (1)
- deep learning (1)
- deep neural networks (1)
- dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (1)
- dentistry (1)
- depressive symptoms (1)
- design of experiment (1)
- development (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diachrony (1)
- diagnostic techniques and procedures (1)
- diffusion (1)
- digital contact tracing (1)
- digitalisation (1)
- disaster risk reduction (1)
- discrete choice experiment (1)
- disorder recognition (1)
- distress (1)
- divergent thinking (1)
- drought events (1)
- drought intensity (1)
- drought projections (1)
- drug-sensitivity prediction (1)
- e-learning (1)
- early cinema in the Russian Empire (1)
- echo intensity (1)
- education (1)
- eicosanoids (1)
- electroencephalography (EEG) (1)
- embodied cognition (1)
- emergency management (1)
- emotional imagery (1)
- emotions (1)
- energy expenditure (1)
- entrepreneurial failure (1)
- entrepreneurship education (1)
- entropy (1)
- environmental change (1)
- environmental pollution (1)
- enzymatic inactivation (1)
- enzyme optimization (1)
- epinephrine (1)
- erythropoiesis (1)
- ethnic stereotypes (1)
- everyday life (1)
- exercise cognition (1)
- exercise test (1)
- exercise training (1)
- external load (1)
- extremophiles (1)
- eye movements (1)
- failure outcomes (1)
- federated learning (1)
- feminism (1)
- fence interaction (1)
- finite-size effects (1)
- firm performance (1)
- fitness (1)
- flat feet (1)
- flexibility (1)
- flood predictors (1)
- floods (1)
- florfenicol (1)
- focus group research (1)
- food industry (1)
- fractionation (1)
- frames of reference (1)
- freshwater (1)
- frühes russländisches Kino (1)
- gender (1)
- gender diversity (1)
- genetically modified BoNT (1)
- giving-up density (1)
- graphs (1)
- green-green dilemma (1)
- ground reaction forces (1)
- hair cortisol (1)
- handgrip strength (1)
- head directionality (1)
- head parameter (1)
- health care (1)
- heavy-chain-only antibody (1)
- heliozoa (1)
- high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- high-intensity-interval training (1)
- higher education (1)
- hippocampal-prefrontal network (1)
- holding capability (1)
- holding isometric muscle action (HIMA) (1)
- home range (1)
- homologous recombination deficiency (1)
- homology-directed repair (1)
- hospitalization (1)
- hoverflies (1)
- hypocortisolemic symptom triad (1)
- immobilization (1)
- implementation quality (1)
- implicit associations (1)
- in-group stereotypes (1)
- incubation effect (1)
- industrial farming (1)
- information elaboration (1)
- injury risk (1)
- innovation (1)
- insulin (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- integration (1)
- intellectual ability (1)
- intelligence (1)
- intention-behavior gap (1)
- inter-brain synchronization (1)
- inter-individual differences (1)
- inter-muscle-brain synchronization (1)
- intergroup contacts (1)
- interpersonal muscle action (1)
- intervention (1)
- intraguild predation (1)
- ion-exchange chromatography (1)
- job demands-resources model (1)
- kinematics (1)
- knots (1)
- landscape homogenization (1)
- landscape of fear (1)
- language acquisition (1)
- language contact (1)
- language courses (1)
- learning path (1)
- lidar (1)
- lipid peroxidation (1)
- lipids (1)
- literature review (1)
- loading rate (1)
- locus coeruleus (1)
- longitudinal study (1)
- low back pain (1)
- low density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- lower limb mechanics (1)
- macrostructure (1)
- magnitude estimation (1)
- major depressive disorder (1)
- manual muscle test (1)
- matched time (1)
- mathematical development (1)
- maximal isometric Adaptive Force (1)
- measurement (1)
- mechanomyography (MMG) (1)
- mental number line (1)
- meta-science (1)
- metabolic syndrome (1)
- metabolic-profiling (1)
- meteorological drought (1)
- methods (1)
- miRNA (1)
- miRNAs (1)
- microplastics (1)
- microstructure (1)
- microvariation (1)
- mild cognitive impairment (1)
- mind wandering (1)
- mindfulness-based stress reduction (1)
- mining lakes (1)
- mitochondrial adaptation (1)
- models (1)
- modularization (1)
- molecular species identification (1)
- molecular weaving (1)
- molybdenum cofactor (1)
- motor control (1)
- movement (1)
- movement speed (1)
- multi-level study (1)
- multimodal intervention (1)
- multiple modalities (1)
- muscle (1)
- muscle growth (1)
- muscle metabolism (1)
- muscle quality (1)
- muscle tissue (1)
- musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- museum specimens (1)
- nanobodies (1)
- narrative skills (1)
- nascent entrepreneurs (1)
- natural particle (1)
- nearshore zone (1)
- need profiles (1)
- networks (1)
- neural networks (1)
- neurological disorders (1)
- neuromuscular adaptation (1)
- neuroplasticity (1)
- neutralization (1)
- nominalization (1)
- noncompliance (1)
- norepinephrine (1)
- novel biomarkers (1)
- nuclear pore complex (1)
- nucleic acids (1)
- nucleoporins (1)
- number knowledge (1)
- numerical development (1)
- numerical skills (1)
- object search (1)
- ocean color remote sensing (1)
- open education (1)
- others’ expectations (1)
- out-group stereotypes (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- pandemic (1)
- parentage (1)
- parliamentary opposition (1)
- participation (1)
- pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) (1)
- pedagogical reasoning (1)
- peptide biomarkers (1)
- perceived predation risk (1)
- perceived time pressure (1)
- performance analysis (1)
- performance pressure (1)
- periodic entanglement (1)
- phase angle (1)
- plant functional trait (1)
- pleasant and unpleasant imagery (1)
- plyometric exercise (1)
- policy evaluation (1)
- policy-making (1)
- polyenoic fatty acids (1)
- posterior P600 (1)
- power (1)
- precaution (1)
- precuneus (1)
- predictability (1)
- preference (1)
- preference assessment (1)
- preschool children (1)
- preschoolers (1)
- primary marker (1)
- privacy and security (1)
- privacy attack (1)
- privacy calculus (1)
- privacy risks (1)
- probabilistic processing (1)
- production planning and control (1)
- prosthodontics (1)
- protein modification (1)
- psychoeducation (1)
- psychophysiological (1)
- psychotherapy (1)
- psychotherapy process (1)
- pupil diameter (1)
- purification (1)
- pushing isometric muscle action (PIMA) (1)
- quality (1)
- quality assessment (1)
- quantification (1)
- racism (1)
- random forest (1)
- random-walk (1)
- ranking type Delphi study (1)
- real options (1)
- refined consensus model (RCM) (1)
- refugee youth (1)
- refugees (1)
- relative complementation (1)
- remote teaching (1)
- renewable energy (1)
- reproductive success (1)
- research design (1)
- research framework (1)
- resilience (1)
- resource-tracking (1)
- response inhibition (1)
- resting-state fMRI (1)
- reversed-phase chromatography (1)
- rheumatic diseases (1)
- risk management (1)
- role-play (1)
- rotifer (1)
- running mechanics (1)
- rural (1)
- sAA (1)
- savanna (1)
- scene memorization (1)
- scene viewing (1)
- school (1)
- school learning (1)
- science teaching (1)
- screenplays (1)
- scripts (1)
- selenite (1)
- self-control (1)
- self-paced learning (1)
- semi-closed mitosis (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sensorimotor training intervention (1)
- sharing economy (1)
- shoulder joint (1)
- single case analysis (1)
- single domain antibodies (1)
- single-case design (1)
- single-case experimental design (1)
- social environment (1)
- social inclusion (1)
- solar powered light-emitting diode (1)
- solitary bees (1)
- soliton (1)
- spatial frequencies (1)
- spatial language (1)
- spatial resolution (1)
- spatial updating (1)
- spatially explicit (1)
- special education (1)
- speech (1)
- sport-specific performance (1)
- sports (1)
- standardized patient (1)
- standardized patient information (1)
- standards (1)
- starch degradation (1)
- starch granule number regulation (1)
- starch initiation (1)
- start-ups (1)
- stated preferences (1)
- stochastic resetting (1)
- stress (1)
- stress intervention (1)
- stress management (1)
- stress types (1)
- stretch shortening cycle exercise (1)
- striking combat sports (1)
- study designs (1)
- study protocol (1)
- support vector machine (1)
- surveillance (1)
- suspended sediment (1)
- syrphids (1)
- systematic literature review (1)
- systematic review (1)
- tVNS (1)
- taekwondo electronic scoring system (1)
- taekwondo-specific testing (1)
- tangles (1)
- target capture (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- teacher training (1)
- teaching and learning process (1)
- teaching practice (1)
- team (1)
- team withdrawal (1)
- telework (1)
- text based classification methods (1)
- the INEE minimum standards (1)
- the YEP intervention (1)
- therapist competence (1)
- theta (1)
- time-efficient exercise (1)
- tone at the bottom (1)
- tone at the top (1)
- toxicity (1)
- transformation (1)
- transgenerational response (1)
- translation-reliability (1)
- transparency (1)
- treatment integrity (1)
- triglycerides (1)
- trustworthiness (1)
- type specimens (1)
- unstable walkway (1)
- validation (1)
- variability (1)
- verb movement (1)
- verb phrase (1)
- video analysis (1)
- virtual mobility (1)
- virus infection (1)
- voice (1)
- water sports (1)
- water-balance (1)
- wavelet coherence (1)
- wearable devices (1)
- weight loss (1)
- wheat (1)
- wild bees (1)
- wildlife and habitat management (1)
- wildlife conservation (1)
- wind energy production (1)
- wind energy-biodiversity (1)
- women’s literature (1)
- women’s screenwriting (1)
- word order variation (1)
- work-place behavior (1)
- working memory (1)
- yellow flags (1)
- youth sport (1)
- α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (1)
- Анастасия Вербицкая (1)
- Анна Мар (1)
- Анталек (1)
- Мария Каллаш (1)
- Ровдо (1)
- Российская империя (1)
- женская кинодраматургия (1)
- женская литература (1)
- раннее российское кино (1)
- сценарий (1)
- феминизм (1)
Institute
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (34)
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (23)
- Fachgruppe Betriebswirtschaftslehre (13)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (11)
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften (10)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (9)
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (8)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (8)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (7)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH (6)
Privacy regulations and the physical distribution of heterogeneous data are often primary concerns for the development of deep learning models in a medical context. This paper evaluates the feasibility of differentially private federated learning for chest X-ray classification as a defense against data privacy attacks. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to directly compare the impact of differentially private training on two different neural network architectures, DenseNet121 and ResNet50. Extending the federated learning environments previously analyzed in terms of privacy, we simulated a heterogeneous and imbalanced federated setting by distributing images from the public CheXpert and Mendeley chest X-ray datasets unevenly among 36 clients. Both non-private baseline models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.940.94 on the binary classification task of detecting the presence of a medical finding. We demonstrate that both model architectures are vulnerable to privacy violation by applying image reconstruction attacks to local model updates from individual clients. The attack was particularly successful during later training stages. To mitigate the risk of a privacy breach, we integrated Rényi differential privacy with a Gaussian noise mechanism into local model training. We evaluate model performance and attack vulnerability for privacy budgets ε∈{1,3,6,10}�∈{1,3,6,10}. The DenseNet121 achieved the best utility-privacy trade-off with an AUC of 0.940.94 for ε=6�=6. Model performance deteriorated slightly for individual clients compared to the non-private baseline. The ResNet50 only reached an AUC of 0.760.76 in the same privacy setting. Its performance was inferior to that of the DenseNet121 for all considered privacy constraints, suggesting that the DenseNet121 architecture is more robust to differentially private training.
StudyMe
(2022)
N-of-1 trials are multi-crossover self-experiments that allow individuals to systematically evaluate the effect of interventions on their personal health goals. Although several tools for N-of-1 trials exist, there is a gap in supporting non-experts in conducting their own user-centric trials. In this study, we present StudyMe, an open-source mobile application that is freely available from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=health.studyu.me and offers users flexibility and guidance in configuring every component of their trials. We also present research that informed the development of StudyMe, focusing on trial creation. Through an initial survey with 272 participants, we learned that individuals are interested in a variety of personal health aspects and have unique ideas on how to improve them. In an iterative, user-centered development process with intermediate user tests, we developed StudyMe that features an educational part to communicate N-of-1 trial concepts. A final empirical evaluation of StudyMe showed that all participants were able to create their own trials successfully using StudyMe and the app achieved a very good usability rating. Our findings suggest that StudyMe provides a significant step towards enabling individuals to apply a systematic science-oriented approach to personalize health-related interventions and behavior modifications in their everyday lives.
Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C₆₀ interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110 mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400 h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
This study examined the spoken narrative skills of a group of bilingual Mandarin–English speaking 3–6-year-olds (N = 25) in Australia, using a remote online story-retell task. Bilingual preschoolers are an understudied population, especially those who are speaking typologically distinct languages such as Mandarin and English which have fewer structural overlaps compared to language pairs that are typologically closer, reducing cross-linguistic positive transfer. We examined these preschoolers’ spoken narrative skills as measured by macrostructures (the global organization of a story) and microstructures (linguistic structures, e.g., total number of utterances, nouns, verbs, phrases, and modifiers) across and within each language, and how various factors such as age and language experiences contribute to individual variability. The results indicate that our bilingual preschoolers acquired spoken narrative skills similarly across their two languages, i.e., showing similar patterns of productivity for macrostructure and microstructure elements in both of their two languages. While chronological age was positively correlated with macrostructures in both languages (showing developmental effects), there were no significant correlations between measures of language experiences and the measures of spoken narrative skills (no effects for language input/output). The findings suggest that although these preschoolers acquire two typologically diverse languages in different learning environments, Mandarin at home with highly educated parents, and English at preschool, they displayed similar levels of oral narrative skills as far as these macro−/micro-structure measures are concerned. This study provides further evidence for the feasibility of remote online assessment of preschoolers’ narrative skills.
We introduce and study a Lévy walk (LW) model of particle spreading with a finite propagation speed combined with soft resets, stochastically occurring periods in which an harmonic external potential is switched on and forces the particle towards a specific position. Soft resets avoid instantaneous relocation of particles that in certain physical settings may be considered unphysical. Moreover, soft resets do not have a specific resetting point but lead the particle towards a resetting point by a restoring Hookean force. Depending on the exact choice for the LW waiting time density and the probability density of the periods when the harmonic potential is switched on, we demonstrate a rich emerging response behaviour including ballistic motion and superdiffusion. When the confinement periods of the soft-reset events are dominant, we observe a particle localisation with an associated non-equilibrium steady state. In this case the stationary particle probability density function turns out to acquire multimodal states. Our derivations are based on Markov chain ideas and LWs with multiple internal states, an approach that may be useful and flexible for the investigation of other generalised random walks with soft and hard resets. The spreading efficiency of soft-rest LWs is characterised by the first-passage time statistic.
Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.
Physical activity and exercise are effective approaches in prevention and therapy of multiple diseases. Although the specific characteristics of lengthening contractions have the potential to be beneficial in many clinical conditions, eccentric training is not commonly used in clinical populations with metabolic, orthopaedic, or neurologic conditions. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility, functional benefits, and systemic responses of an eccentric exercise program focused on the trunk and lower extremities in people with low back pain (LBP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A six-week eccentric training program with three weekly sessions is performed by people with LBP and MS. The program consists of ten exercises addressing strength of the trunk and lower extremities. The study follows a four-group design (N = 12 per group) in two study centers (Israel and Germany): three groups perform the eccentric training program: A) control group (healthy, asymptomatic); B) people with LBP; C) people with MS; group D (people with MS) receives standard care physiotherapy. Baseline measurements are conducted before first training, post-measurement takes place after the last session both comprise blood sampling, self-reported questionnaires, mobility, balance, and strength testing. The feasibility of the eccentric training program will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures related to the study process, compliance and adherence, safety, and overall program assessment. For preliminary assessment of potential intervention effects, surrogate parameters related to mobility, postural control, muscle strength and systemic effects are assessed. The presented study will add knowledge regarding safety, feasibility, and initial effects of eccentric training in people with orthopaedic and neurological conditions. The simple exercises, that are easily modifiable in complexity and intensity, are likely beneficial to other populations. Thus, multiple applications and implementation pathways for the herein presented training program are conceivable.
Stress and pain
(2022)
Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) leads to considerable impairment of quality of life worldwide and is often accompanied by psychosomatic symptoms.
Objectives: First, to assess the association between stress and chronic low back pain (CLBP) and its simultaneous appearance with fatigue and depression as a symptom triad. Second, to identify the most predictive stress-related pattern set for CLBP for a 1-year diagnosis.
Methods: In a 1-year observational study with four measurement points, a total of 140 volunteers (aged 18–45 years with intermittent pain) were recruited. The primary outcomes were pain [characteristic pain intensity (CPI), subjective pain disability (DISS)], fatigue, and depressive mood. Stress was assessed as chronic stress, perceived stress, effort reward imbalance, life events, and physiological markers [allostatic load index (ALI), hair cortisol concentration (HCC)]. Multiple linear regression models and selection procedures for model shrinkage and variable selection (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) were applied. Prediction accuracy was calculated by root mean squared error (RMSE) and receiver-operating characteristic curves.
Results: There were 110 participants completed the baseline assessments (28.2 7.5 years, 38.1% female), including HCC, and a further of 46 participants agreed to ALI laboratory measurements. Different stress types were associated with LBP, CLBP, fatigue, and depressive mood and its joint occurrence as a symptom triad at baseline; mainly social-related stress types were of relevance. Work-related stress, such as “excessive demands at work”[b = 0.51 (95%CI -0.23, 1.25), p = 0.18] played a role for upcoming chronic pain disability. “Social overload” [b = 0.45 (95%CI -0.06, 0.96), p = 0.080] and “over-commitment at work” [b = 0.28 (95%CI -0.39, 0.95), p = 0.42] were associated with an upcoming depressive mood within 1-year. Finally, seven psychometric (CPI: RMSE = 12.63; DISS: RMSE = 9.81) and five biomarkers (CPI: RMSE = 12.21; DISS: RMSE = 8.94) could be derived as the most predictive pattern set for a 1-year prediction of CLBP. The biomarker set showed an apparent area under the curve of 0.88 for CPI and 0.99 for DISS.
Conclusion: Stress disrupts allostasis and favors the development of chronic pain, fatigue, and depression and the emergence of a “hypocortisolemic symptom triad,” whereby the social-related stressors play a significant role. For translational medicine, a predictive pattern set could be derived which enables to diagnose the individuals at higher risk for the upcoming pain disorders and can be used in practice.
In intervention research, single-case experimental designs are an important way to gain insights into the causes of individual changes that yield high internal validity. They are commonly applied to examine the effectiveness of classroom-based interventions to reduce problem behavior in schools. At the same time, there is no consensus on good design characteristics of single-case experimental designs when dealing with behavioral problems in schools. Moreover, specific challenges arise concerning appropriate approaches to analyzing behavioral data. Our study addresses the interplay between the test power of piecewise regression analysis and important design specifications of single-case research designs. Here, we focus on the influence of the following specifications of single-case research designs: number of measurement times, the initial frequency of the behavior, intervention effect, and data trend. We conducted a Monte-Carlo study. First, simulated datasets were created with specific design conditions based on reviews of published single-case intervention studies. Following, data were analyzed using piecewise Poisson-regression models, and the influence of specific design specifications on the test power was investigated. Our results indicate that piecewise regressions have a high potential of adequately identifying the effects of interventions for single-case studies. At the same time, test power is strongly related to the specific design specifications of the single-case study: Few measurement times, especially in phase A, and low initial frequencies of the behavior make it impossible to detect even large intervention effects. Research designs with a high number of measurement times show robust power. The insights gained are highly relevant for researchers in the field, as decisions during the early stage of conceptualizing and planning single-case experimental design studies may impact the chance to identify an existing intervention effect during the research process correctly.
Training intervention effects on cognitive performance and neuronal plasticity — A pilot study
(2022)
Studies suggest that people suffering from chronic pain may have altered brain plasticity, along with altered functional connectivity between pain-processing brain regions. These may be related to decreased mood and cognitive performance. There is some debate as to whether physical activity combined with behavioral therapy (e.g. cognitive distraction, body scan) may counteract these changes. However, underlying neuronal mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the current pilot study with a 3-armed randomized controlled trial design was to examine the effects of sensorimotor training for nonspecific chronic low back pain on (1) cognitive performance; (2) fMRI activity co-fluctuations (functional connectivity) between pain-related brain regions; and (3) the relationship between functional connectivity and subjective variables (pain and depression). Six hundred and sixty two volunteers with non-specific chronic low back pain were randomly allocated to a unimodal (sensorimotor training), multidisciplinary (sensorimotor training and behavioral therapy) intervention, or to a control group within a multicenter study. A subsample of patients (n = 21) from one study center participated in the pilot study presented here. Measurements were at baseline, during (3 weeks, M2) and after intervention (12 weeks, M4 and 24 weeks, M5). Cognitive performance was measured by the Trail Making Test and functional connectivity by MRI. Pain perception and depression were assessed by the Von Korff questionnaire and the Hospital and Anxiety. Group differences were calculated by univariate and repeated ANOVA measures and Bayesian statistics; correlations by Pearson's r. Change and correlation of functional connection were analyzed within a pooled intervention group (uni-, multidisciplinary group). Results revealed that participants with increased pain intensity at baseline showed higher functional connectivity between pain-related brain areas used as ROIs in this study. Though small sample sizes limit generalization, cognitive performance increased in the multimodal group. Increased functional connectivity was observed in participants with increased pain ratings. Pain ratings and connectivity in pain-related brain regions decreased after the intervention. The results provide preliminary indication that intervention effects can potentially be achieved on the cognitive and neuronal level. The intervention may be suitable for therapy and prevention of non-specific chronic low back pain.