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I. Staat und Kommunen: Ein Weg oder viele in Europa? II. Ausgangspunkte: Spielarten kommunaler Selbstverwaltung in Europa III. Reform der intergouvernementalen Beziehungen zwischen Dezentralisierung und Zentralisierung, Verstaatlichung und lokaler Autonomie IV. Entwicklungslinien: Reformen der intergouvernementalen Beziehungen in Deutschland, Frankreich und Großbritannien V. Europäische Kommunen zwischen Konvergenz und nationaler Eigenlogik. Und schließlich doch: Welche Rolle spielt die EU?
I. Reformbedarf II. Konsequenzen III. Funktionalreformen IV. Bausteine einer umfassenden Verwaltungsmodernisierung V. Das Leitbild „Gemeinde der Zukunft“ VI. Freiwilligkeitsphase VII. Zukunftsvertrag zwischen Land und Kommunen VIII. Zur FAG-Änderung 2012 IX. Haushaltskonsolidierung und Kommunaler Haushaltskonsolidierungsfonds X. Kofinanzierungsfonds XI. Fazit
Über die Autoren
(2013)
The correction of software failures tends to be very cost-intensive because their debugging is an often time-consuming development activity. During this activity, developers largely attempt to understand what causes failures: Starting with a test case that reproduces the observable failure they have to follow failure causes on the infection chain back to the root cause (defect). This idealized procedure requires deep knowledge of the system and its behavior because failures and defects can be far apart from each other. Unfortunately, common debugging tools are inadequate for systematically investigating such infection chains in detail. Thus, developers have to rely primarily on their intuition and the localization of failure causes is not time-efficient. To prevent debugging by disorganized trial and error, experienced developers apply the scientific method and its systematic hypothesis-testing. However, even when using the scientific method, the search for failure causes can still be a laborious task. First, lacking expertise about the system makes it hard to understand incorrect behavior and to create reasonable hypotheses. Second, contemporary debugging approaches provide no or only partial support for the scientific method. In this dissertation, we present test-driven fault navigation as a debugging guide for localizing reproducible failures with the scientific method. Based on the analysis of passing and failing test cases, we reveal anomalies and integrate them into a breadth-first search that leads developers to defects. This systematic search consists of four specific navigation techniques that together support the creation, evaluation, and refinement of failure cause hypotheses for the scientific method. First, structure navigation localizes suspicious system parts and restricts the initial search space. Second, team navigation recommends experienced developers for helping with failures. Third, behavior navigation allows developers to follow emphasized infection chains back to root causes. Fourth, state navigation identifies corrupted state and reveals parts of the infection chain automatically. We implement test-driven fault navigation in our Path Tools framework for the Squeak/Smalltalk development environment and limit its computation cost with the help of our incremental dynamic analysis. This lightweight dynamic analysis ensures an immediate debugging experience with our tools by splitting the run-time overhead over multiple test runs depending on developers’ needs. Hence, our test-driven fault navigation in combination with our incremental dynamic analysis answers important questions in a short time: where to start debugging, who understands failure causes best, what happened before failures, and which state properties are infected.
Kindliche Aphasie
(2013)
Strikt geregelt und bemessen
(2013)
Strafbarkeit des Bannbruchs
(2013)
Der Täter hinter dem Täter
(2013)
1. Introduction 2. Analysis of implementation of the Basel III in China 2.1 Implementation of capital adequacy rules 2.2 Implementation of leverage ratio rules 2.3 Implementation of liquidity management rules 3. Suggestions for further development of China’s banking industry 3.1 Promoting capital structure adjustment and broadening capital supplement channels 3.2 Transforming business models and developing intermediary and off-balance business 3.3 Increasing the intensity of risk management and refining its standards
1. Introduction 2. The growth of China’s SMBs and the changes of the banking market structure – a land of small- and medium-sized companies 2.1 The characteristics of China’s banking market structure 2.2 The growth of China’s SMBs 2.3 The changes of China’s banking market structure 3. The opportunities and challenges facing SMBs in China 3.1 Opportunities 3.2 Challenges 4. Conclusion
Die Idee für den Workshop war entstanden im Rahmen der Nachwuchstagung Judaistik/Jüdische Studien der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V., die im Februar 2012 in Bamberg stattgefunden hatte. Dort äußerte sich ein großer Bedarf nach größerer überregionaler Vernetzung. Als sehr wünschenswert wurde festgehalten, in Ergänzung zur Nachwuchstagung auch regelmäßige Treffen in kleineren Arbeitsgruppen zu etablieren. Der Workshop in Veitshöchheim war die erste Veranstaltung, die diese Idee zeitnah, acht Monate nach der Nachwuchstagung, umsetzte. Der Workshop fand in Kooperation zwischen der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien mit dem Lehrstuhl für fränkische Landesgeschichte an der Universität Würzburg statt.
Rezensiertes Werk: von der Krone, Kerstin: Wissenschaft in Öffentlichkeit. Die Wissenschaft des Judentums und ihre Zeitschriften. - Berlin: de Gruyter 2012. X, 539 S. - (=Studia Judaica, Bd. 65) Thulin, Mirjam: Kaufmanns Nachrichtendienst. Ein jüdisches Gelehrtennetzwerk im 19. Jahrhundert. - Göttingen: vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2012. 424 S., 14 Abb., 6 Karten, 6 Tabellen. - (=Schriften des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts, Bd.16)
Rezensiertes Werk: Timm, Erika; Birnbaum, Eleazar und Birnbaum, David(Hg.): Ein Leben für die Wissenschaft/A Lifetime of Achievement. Wissenschaftliche Aufsätze aus sechs Jahrzehnten von Salomo A. Birnbaum/Six Decades of Scholarly Articles by Solomon A. Birnbaum. 2 Bde. - Berlin – Boston: De Gruyter 2011. Band 1, 540 S., Band 2. XXVII, 458 S.
A method is presented of acquiring the principles of three sorting algorithms through developing interactive applications in Excel.
Problem solving is one of the central activities performed by computer scientists as well as by computer science learners. Whereas the teaching of algorithms and programming languages is usually well structured within a curriculum, the development of learners’ problem-solving skills is largely implicit and less structured. Students at all levels often face difficulties in problem analysis and solution construction. The basic assumption of the workshop is that without some formal instruction on effective strategies, even the most inventive learner may resort to unproductive trial-and-error problemsolving processes. Hence, it is important to teach problem-solving strategies and to guide teachers on how to teach their pupils this cognitive tool. Computer science educators should be aware of the difficulties and acquire appropriate pedagogical tools to help their learners gain and experience problem-solving skills.
.NET Gadgeteer Workshop
(2013)
The challenge is providing teachers with the resources they need to strengthen their instructions and better prepare students for the jobs of the 21st Century. Technology can help meet the challenge. Teachers’ Tryscience is a noncommercial offer, developed by the New York Hall of Science, TeachEngineering, the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards and IBM Citizenship to provide teachers with such resources. The workshop provides deeper insight into this tool and discussion of how to support teaching of informatics in schools.
Reciprocal processes, whose concept can be traced back to E. Schrödinger, form a class of stochastic processes constructed as mixture of bridges, that satisfy a time Markov field property. We discuss here a new unifying approach to characterize several types of reciprocal processes via duality formulae on path spaces: The case of reciprocal processes with continuous paths associated to Brownian diffusions and the case of pure jump reciprocal processes associated to counting processes are treated. This presentation is based on joint works with M. Thieullen, R. Murr and C. Léonard.