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- elliptic operators (6)
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- index (5)
- pseudodifferential operators (5)
- Boundary value problems (4)
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- ellipticity with interface conditions (1)
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- operators on manifolds with conical and edge singularities (1)
- operators on manifolds with edges (1)
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- parameter-dependent pseudodifferential operators (1)
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Institute
- Institut für Mathematik (115)
Parabolic equations on manifolds with singularities require a new calculus of anisotropic pseudo-differential operators with operator-valued symbols. The paper develops this theory along the lines of sn abstract wedge calculus with strongly continuous groups of isomorphisms on the involved Banach spaces. The corresponding pseodo-diferential operators are continuous in anisotropic wedge Sobolev spaces, and they form an alegbra. There is then introduced the concept of anisotropic parameter-dependent ellipticity, based on an order reduction variant of the pseudo-differential calculus. The theory is appled to a class of parabolic differential operators, and it is proved the invertibility in Sobolev spaces with exponential weights at infinity in time direction.
In this paper we establish the regularity, exponential stability of global (weak) solutions and existence of uniform compact attractors of semiprocesses, which are generated by the global solutions, of a two-parameter family of operators for the nonlinear 1-d non-autonomous viscoelasticity. We employ the properties of the analytic semigroup to show the compactness for the semiprocess generated by the global solutions.
Toeplitz operators, and ellipticity of boundary value problems with global projection conditions
(2003)
Ellipticity of (pseudo-) differential operators A on a compact manifold X with boundary (or with edges) Y is connected with boundary (or edge) conditions of trace and potential type, formulated in terms of global projections on Y together with an additional symbolic structure. This gives rise to operator block matrices A with A in the upper left corner. We study an algebra of such operators, where ellipticity is equivalent to the Fredhom property in suitable scales of spaces: Sobolev spaces on X plus closed subspaces of Sobolev spaces on Y which are the range of corresponding pseudo-differential projections. Moreover, we express parametrices of elliptic elements within our algebra and discuss spectral boundary value problems for differential operators.
We study mixed boundary value problems for an elliptic operator A on a manifold X with boundary Y , i.e., Au = f in int X, T±u = g± on int Y±, where Y is subdivided into subsets Y± with an interface Z and boundary conditions T± on Y± that are Shapiro-Lopatinskij elliptic up to Z from the respective sides. We assume that Z ⊂ Y is a manifold with conical singularity v. As an example we consider the Zaremba problem, where A is the Laplacian and T− Dirichlet, T+ Neumann conditions. The problem is treated as a corner boundary value problem near v which is the new point and the main difficulty in this paper. Outside v the problem belongs to the edge calculus as is shown in [3]. With a mixed problem we associate Fredholm operators in weighted corner Sobolev spaces with double weights, under suitable edge conditions along Z \ {v} of trace and potential type. We construct parametrices within the calculus and establish the regularity of solutions.
Mixed elliptic boundary value problems are characterised by conditions which have a jump along an interface of codimension 1 on the boundary. We study such problems in weighted edge Sobolev spaces and show the Fredholm property and the existence of parametrices under additional conditions of trace and potential type on the interface. Our methods from the calculus of boundary value problems on a manifold with edges will be illustrated by the Zaremba problem and other mixed problems for the Laplace operator.
We give a brief survey on some new developments on elliptic operators on manifolds with polyhedral singularities. The material essentially corresponds to a talk given by the author during the Conference “Elliptic and Hyperbolic Equations on Singular Spaces”, October 27 - 31, 2008, at the MSRI, University of Berkeley.
The quantization of contact transformations of the cosphere bundle over a manifold with conical singularities is described. The index of Fredholm operators given by this quantization is calculated. The answer is given in terms of the Epstein-Melrose contact degree and the conormal symbol of the corresponding operator.
The index formula for elliptic pseudodifferential operators on a two-dimensional manifold with conical points contains the Atiyah-Singer integral as well as two additional terms. One of the two is the 'eta' invariant defined by the conormal symbol, and the other term is explicitly expressed via the principal and subprincipal symbols of the operator at conical points. In the preceding paper we clarified the meaning of the additional terms for first-order differential operators. The aim of this paper is an explicit description of the contribution of a conical point for higher-order differential operators. We show that changing the origin in the complex plane reduces the entire contribution of the conical point to the shifted 'eta' invariant. In turn this latter is expressed in terms of the monodromy matrix for an ordinary differential equation defined by the conormal symbol.
For general elliptic pseudodifferential operators on manifolds with singular points, we prove an algebraic index formula. In this formula the symbolic contributions from the interior and from the singular points are explicitly singled out. For two-dimensional manifolds, the interior contribution is reduced to the Atiyah-Singer integral over the cosphere bundle while two additional terms arise. The first of the two is one half of the 'eta' invariant associated to the conormal symbol of the operator at singular points. The second term is also completely determined by the conormal symbol. The example of the Cauchy-Riemann operator on the complex plane shows that all the three terms may be non-zero.
The homotopy classification and the index of boundary value problems for general elliptic operators
(1999)
We give the homotopy classification and compute the index of boundary value problems for elliptic equations. The classical case of operators that satisfy the Atiyah-Bott condition is studied first. We also consider the general case of boundary value problems for operators that do not necessarily satisfy the Atiyah-Bott condition.
Boundary value problems for pseudodifferential operators (with or without the transmission property) are characterised as a substructure of the edge pseudodifferential calculus with constant discrete asymptotics. The boundary in this case is the edge and the inner normal the model cone of local wedges. Elliptic boundary value problems for non-integer powers of the Laplace symbol belong to the examples as well as problems for the identity in the interior with a prescribed number of trace and potential conditions. Transmission operators are characterised as smoothing Mellin and Green operators with meromorphic symbols.
Ellipticity of operators on manifolds with conical singularities or parabolicity on space-time cylinders are known to be linked to parameter-dependent operators (conormal symbols) on a corresponding base manifold. We introduce the conormal symbolic structure for the case of corner manifolds, where the base itself is a manifold with edges and boundary. The specific nature of parameter-dependence requires a systematic approach in terms of meromorphic functions with values in edge-boundary value problems. We develop here a corresponding calculus, and we construct inverses of elliptic elements.
Boundary value problems for (pseudo-) differential operators on a manifold with edges can be characterised by a hierarchy of symbols. The symbol structure is responsible or ellipicity and for the nature of parametrices within an algebra of "edge-degenerate" pseudo-differential operators. The edge symbol component of that hierarchy takes values in boundary value problems on an infinite model cone, with edge variables and covariables as parameters. Edge symbols play a crucial role in this theory, in particular, the contribution with holomorphic operatot-valued Mellin symbols. We establish a calculus in s framework of "twisted homogenity" that refers to strongly continuous groups of isomorphisms on weighted cone Sobolev spaces. We then derive an equivalent representation with a particularly transparent composition behaviour.
We prove a theorem describing the behaviour of the relative index of families of Fredholm operators under surgery performed on spaces where the operators act. In connection with additional conditions (like symmetry conditions) this theorem results in index formulas for given operator families. By way of an example, we give an application to index theory of families of boundary value problems.
For elliptic operators on manifolds with boundary, we define spectral boundary value problems, which generalize the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer problem to the case of nonhomogeneous boundary conditions, operators of arbitrary order, and nonself-adjoint conormal symbols. The Fredholm property is proved and equivalence with certain elliptic equations on manifolds with conical singularities is established.
The primary motivation for systematic bases in first principles electronic structure simulations is to derive physical and chemical properties of molecules and solids with predetermined accuracy. This requires a detailed understanding of the asymptotic behaviour of many-particle Coulomb systems near coalescence points of particles. Singular analysis provides a convenient framework to study the asymptotic behaviour of wavefunctions near these singularities. In the present work, we want to introduce the mathematical framework of singular analysis and discuss a novel asymptotic parametrix construction for Hamiltonians of many-particle Coulomb systems. This corresponds to the construction of an approximate inverse of a Hamiltonian operator with remainder given by a so-called Green operator. The Green operator encodes essential asymptotic information and we present as our main result an explicit asymptotic formula for this operator. First applications to many-particle models in quantum chemistry are presented in order to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. The focus is on the asymptotic behaviour of ladder diagrams, which provide the dominant contribution to shortrange correlation in coupled cluster theory. Furthermore, we discuss possible consequences of our asymptotic analysis with respect to adaptive wavelet approximation.
Given an algebra of pseudo-differential operators on a manifold, an elliptic element is said to be a reduction of orders, if it induces isomorphisms of Sobolev spaces with a corresponding shift of smoothness. Reductions of orders on a manifold with boundary refer to boundary value problems. We consider smooth symbols and ellipticity without additional boundary conditions which is the relevant case on a manifold with boundary. Starting from a class of symbols that has been investigated before for integer orders in boundary value problems with the transmission property we study operators of arbitrary real orders that play a similar role for operators without the transmission property. Moreover, we show that order reducing symbols have the Volterra property and are parabolic of anisotropy 1; analogous relations are formulated for arbitrary anisotropies. We finally investigate parameter-dependent operators, apply a kernel cut-off construction with respect to the parameter and show that corresponding holomorphic operator-valued Mellin symbols reduce orders in weighted Sobolev spaces on a cone with boundary.
Content: 0.1 Preliminary Remarks Chapter 1: Noncommutative Analysis: Main Ideas, Definitions, and Theorems 1.1 Functions of One Operator (Functional Calculi) 1.2 Functions of Several Operators 1.3 Main Formulas of Operator Calculus 1.4 Main Tools of Noncommutative Analysis 1.5 Composition Laws and Ordered Representations
Quantization methods in differential equations : Chapter 2: Quantization of Lagrangian modules
(1999)
In this chapter we use the wave packet transform described in Chapter 1 to quantize extended classical states represented by so-called Lagrangian sumbanifolds of the phase space. Functions on a Lagrangian manifold form a module over the ring of classical Hamiltonian functions on the phase space (with respect to pointwise multiplication). The quantization procedure intertwines this multiplication with the action of the corresponding quantum Hamiltonians; hence we speak of quantization of Lagrangian modules. The semiclassical states obtained by this quantization procedure provide asymptotic solutions to differential equations with a small parameter. Locally, such solutions can be represented by WKB elements. Global solutions are given by Maslov's canonical operator [2]; also see, e.g., [3] and the references therein. Here the canonical operator is obtained in the framework of the universal quantization procedure provided by the wave packet transform. This procedure was suggested in [4] (see also the references there) and further developed in [5]; our exposition is in the spirit of these papers. Some further bibliographical remarks can be found in the beginning of Chapter 1.
Contents: Introduction 1 Operators with the transmission property 1.1 Operators on a manifold with boundary 1.2 Conditions with pseudodifferential projections 1.3 Projections and Fredholm families 2 Boundary value problems not requiring the transmission property 2.1 Interior operators 2.2 Edge amplitude functions 2.3 Boundary value problems 3 Operators with global projection conditions 3.1 Construction for boundary symbols 3.2 Ellipticity of boundary value problems with projection data 3.3 Operators of order zero
Crack problems are regarded as elements in a pseudo-differential algbra, where the two sdes int S± of the crack S are treated as interior boundaries and the boundary Y of the crack as an edge singularity. We employ the pseudo-differential calculus of boundary value problems with the transmission property near int S± and the edge pseudo-differential calculus (in a variant with Douglis-Nirenberg orders) to construct parametrices od elliptic crack problems (with extra trace and potential conditions along Y) and to characterise asymptotics of solutions near Y (expressed in the framework of continuous asymptotics). Our operator algebra with boundary and edge symbols contains new weight and order conventions that are necessary also for the more general calculus on manifolds with boundary and edges.
Differential and pseudo-differential operators on a manifold with (regular) geometric singularities can be studied within a calculus, inspired by the concept of classical pseudo-differential operators on a C1 manifold. In the singular case the operators form an algebra with a principal symbolic hierarchy σ = (σj)0≤j≤k, with k being the order of the singularity and σk operator-valued for k ≥ 1. The symbols determine ellipticity and the nature of parametrices. It is typical in this theory that, similarly as in boundary value problems (which are special edge problems, where the edge is just the boundary), there are trace, potential and Green operators, associated with the various strata of the configuration. The operators, obtained from the symbols by various quantisations, act in weighted distribution spaces with multiple weights. We outline some essential elements of this calculus, give examples and also comment on new challenges and interesting problems of the recent development.
As is known from Kondratyev's work, boundary value problems for elliptic operators on a manifold with conical singularities and boundary are controlled by a principal symbolic hierarchy, where the conormal symbols belong to the typical new components, compared with the smooth case, with interior and boundary symbols. A similar picture may be expected on manifolds with corners when the base of the cone itself is a manifold with conical or edge singularities. This is a natural situation in a number of applications, though with essential new difficulties. We investigate here corresponding conormal symbols in terms of a calculus of holomorphic parameter-dependent edge boundary value problems on the base. We show that a certain kernel cut-off procedure generates all such holomorphic families, modulo smoothing elements, and we establish conormal symbols as an algebra as is necessary for a parametrix constructions in the elliptic case.
Contents: Introduction 1 Edge calculus with parameters 1.1 Cone asymptotics and Green symbols 1.2 Mellin edge symbols 1.3 The edge symbol algebra 1.4 Operators on a manifold with edges 2 Corner symbols and iterated asymptotics 2.1 Holomorphic corner symbols 2.2 Meromorphic corner symbols and ellipicity 2.3 Weighted corner Sobolev spaces 2.4 Iterated asymptotics 3 The edge corner algebra with trace and potential conditions 3.1 Green corner operators 3.2 Smoothing Mellin corner operators 3.3 The edge corner algebra 3.4 Ellipicity and regularity with asymptotics 3.5 Examples and remarks
We establish a new calculus of pseudodifferential operators on a manifold with smooth edges and study ellipticity with extra trace and potential conditions (as well as Green operators) at the edge. In contrast to the known scenario with conditions of that kind in integral form we admit in this paper ‘singular’ trace, potential and Green operators, which are related to the corresponding operators of positive type in Boutet de Monvel’s calculus for boundary value problems.
We establish elements of a new approch to ellipticity and parametrices within operator algebras on a manifold with higher singularities, only based on some general axiomatic requirements on parameter-dependent operators in suitable scales of spaces. The idea is to model an iterative process with new generations of parameter-dependent operator theories, together with new scales of spaces that satisfy analogous requirements as the original ones, now on a corresponding higher level. The “full” calculus is voluminous; so we content ourselves here with some typical aspects such as symbols in terms of order reducing families, classes of relevant examples, and operators near the conical exit to infinity.
We construct elliptic elements in the algebra of (classical pseudo-differential) operators on a manifold M with conical singularities. The ellipticity of any such operator A refers to a pair of principal symbols (σ0, σ1) where σ0 is the standard (degenerate) homogeneous principal symbol, and σ1 is the so-called conormal symbol, depending on the complex Mellin covariable z. The conormal symbol, responsible for the conical singularity, is operator-valued and acts in Sobolev spaces on the base X of the cone. The σ1-ellipticity is a bijectivity condition for all z of real part (n + 1)/2 − γ, n = dimX, for some weight γ. In general, we have to rule out a discrete set of exceptional weights that depends on A. We show that for every operator A which is elliptic with respect to σ0, and for any real weight γ there is a smoothing Mellin operator F in the cone algebra such that A + F is elliptic including σ1. Moreover, we apply the results to ellipticity and index of (operator-valued) edge symbols from the calculus on manifolds with edges.
We study (pseudo-)differential operators on a manifold with edge Z, locally modelled on a wedge with model cone that has itself a base manifold W with smooth edge Y . The typical operators A are corner degenerate in a specific way. They are described (modulo ‘lower order terms’) by a principal symbolic hierarchy σ(A) = (σ ψ(A), σ ^(A), σ ^(A)), where σ ψ is the interior symbol and σ ^(A)(y, η), (y, η) 2 T*Y \ 0, the (operator-valued) edge symbol of ‘first generation’, cf. [15]. The novelty here is the edge symbol σ^ of ‘second generation’, parametrised by (z, Ϛ) 2 T*Z \ 0, acting on weighted Sobolev spaces on the infinite cone with base W. Since such a cone has edges with exit to infinity, the calculus has the problem to understand the behaviour of operators on a manifold of that kind. We show the continuity of corner-degenerate operators in weighted edge Sobolev spaces, and we investigate the ellipticity of edge symbols of second generation. Starting from parameter-dependent elliptic families of edge operators of first generation, we obtain the Fredholm property of higher edge symbols on the corresponding singular infinite model cone.
Problems for elliptic partial differential equations on manifolds M with singularities M' (here with piece-wise smooth geometry)are studied in terms of pseudo-differential algebras with hierarchies of symbols that consist of scalar and operator-valued components. Classical boundary value problems (with or without the transmission property) belong to the examples. They are a model for operator algebras on manifolds M with higher "polyhedral" singularities. The operators are block matrices that have upper left corners containing the pseudo-differential operators on the regular M\M' (plus certain Mellin and Green summands) and are degenerate (in streched coordinates) in a typical way near M'. By definition M' is again a manifold with singularities. The same is true of M'', and so on. The block matrices consist of trace, potential and Mellin and Green operators, acting between weighted Sobolev spaces on M(j) and M(k), with 0 ≤ j, k ≤ ord M; here M(0) denotes M, M(1) denotes M', etc. We generate these algebras, including their symbol hierarchies, by iterating so-called "edgifications" and "conifications" os algebras that have already been constructed, and we study ellipicity, parametrics and Fredholm property within these algebras.
We consider general parabolic systems of equations on the infinite time interval in case of the underlying spatial configuration is a closed manifold. The solvability of equations is studied both with respect to time and spatial variables in exponentially weighted anisotropic Sobolev spaces, and existence and maximal regularity statements for parabolic equations are proved. Moreover, we analyze the long-time behaiour of solutions in terms of complete asymptotic expansions. These results are deduced from a pseudodifferential calculus that we construct explicitly. This algebra of operators is specifically designed to contain both the classical systems of parabolic equations of general form and their inverses, parabolicity being reflected purely on symbolic level. To this end, we assign t = ∞ the meaning of an anisotropic conical point, and prove that this interprtation is consistent with the natural setting in the analysis of parabolic PDE. Hence, major parts of this work consist of the construction of an appropriate anisotropiccone calculus of so-called Volterra operators. In particular, which is the most important aspect, we obtain the complete characterization of the microlocal and the global kernel structure of the inverse of parabolicsystems in an infinite space-time cylinder. Moreover, we obtain perturbation results for parabolic equations from the investigation of the ideal structure of the calculus.
We consider general parabolic systems of equations on the infinite time interval in case of the underlying spatial configuration is a closed manifold. The solvability of equations is studied both with respect to time and spatial variables in exponentially weighted anisotropic Sobolev spaces, and existence and maximal regularity statements for parabolic equations are proved. Moreover, we analyze the long-time behaiour of solutions in terms of complete asymptotic expansions. These results are deduced from a pseudodifferential calculus that we construct explicitly. This algebra of operators is specifically designed to contain both the classical systems of parabolic equations of general form and their inverses, parabolicity being reflected purely on symbolic level. To this end, we assign t = ∞ the meaning of an anisotropic conical point, and prove that this interprtation is consistent with the natural setting in the analysis of parabolic PDE. Hence, major parts of this work consist of the construction of an appropriate anisotropiccone calculus of so-called Volterra operators. In particular, which is the most important aspect, we obtain the complete characterization of the microlocal and the global kernel structure of the inverse of parabolicsystems in an infinite space-time cylinder. Moreover, we obtain perturbation results for parabolic equations from the investigation of the ideal structure of the calculus.
We consider general parabolic systems of equations on the infinite time interval in case of the underlying spatial configuration is a closed manifold. The solvability of equations is studied both with respect to time and spatial variables in exponentially weighted anisotropic Sobolev spaces, and existence and maximal regularity statements for parabolic equations are proved. Moreover, we analyze the long-time behaiour of solutions in terms of complete asymptotic expansions. These results are deduced from a pseudodifferential calculus that we construct explicitly. This algebra of operators is specifically designed to contain both the classical systems of parabolic equations of general form and their inverses, parabolicity being reflected purely on symbolic level. To this end, we assign t = ∞ the meaning of an anisotropic conical point, and prove that this interprtation is consistent with the natural setting in the analysis of parabolic PDE. Hence, major parts of this work consist of the construction of an appropriate anisotropiccone calculus of so-called Volterra operators. In particular, which is the most important aspect, we obtain the complete characterization of the microlocal and the global kernel structure of the inverse of parabolicsystems in an infinite space-time cylinder. Moreover, we obtain perturbation results for parabolic equations from the investigation of the ideal structure of the calculus.
In the paper we study the possibility to represent the index formula for spectral boundary value problems as a sum of two terms, the first one being homotopy invariant of the principal symbol, while the second depends on the conormal symbol of the problem only. The answer is given in analytical, as well as in topological terms.
The paper contains the proof of the index formula for manifolds with conical points. For operators subject to an additional condition of spectral symmetry, the index is expressed as the sum of multiplicities of spectral points of the conormal symbol (indicial family) and the integral from the Atiyah-Singer form over the smooth part of the manifold. The obtained formula is illustrated by the example of the Euler operator on a two-dimensional manifold with conical singular point.
In the preceding paper we proved an explicit index formula for elliptic pseudodifferential operators on a two-dimensional manifold with conical points. Apart from the Atiyah-Singer integral, it contains two additional terms, one of the two being the 'eta' invariant defined by the conormal symbol. In this paper we clarify the meaning of the additional terms for differential operators.