Refine
Year of publication
- 2013 (311) (remove)
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (311) (remove)
Language
- English (174)
- German (135)
- French (1)
- Multiple languages (1)
Keywords
- Kinder (3)
- children (3)
- climate change (3)
- remote sensing (3)
- Adipositas (2)
- Arctic (2)
- Design Thinking (2)
- Eltern (2)
- Escherichia coli (2)
- Fernerkundung (2)
- GIS (2)
- HCI (2)
- Hochwasser (2)
- Klimawandel (2)
- Kontext (2)
- Morphologie (2)
- Nanoparticles (2)
- Nanopartikel (2)
- Populationsdynamik (2)
- Proteom (2)
- Stärke (2)
- Syntax (2)
- Vorhersage (2)
- arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (2)
- carbon (2)
- carbon dioxide (2)
- design thinking (2)
- eye movements (2)
- floods (2)
- hydrogel (2)
- microbial communities (2)
- modelling (2)
- obesity (2)
- parents (2)
- population dynamics (2)
- probiotics (2)
- prosody (2)
- protein (2)
- sensor (2)
- starch (2)
- syntax (2)
- thermoresponsive (2)
- 19. Jahrhundert (1)
- 3-D Modellierung (1)
- 3-D outcrop modeling (1)
- 3D Computer Grafik (1)
- 3D Computer Graphics (1)
- 3D numerical models (1)
- 3D numerische Modelle (1)
- AGN (1)
- Abbildende Spektroskopie (1)
- Adelbert von Chamisso (1)
- Adhäsion (1)
- Affiliationsnetzwerke (1)
- African states (1)
- Afrikanische Staaten (1)
- Akan (1)
- Aktiven Galaxienkerne (1)
- Aktuatoren (1)
- Alaunschiefer (1)
- Altersunterschiede (1)
- Altruimus (1)
- Alum shale (1)
- Ambiguität (1)
- Anaphora (1)
- Anisotroper Kuwahara Filter (1)
- Anomalien (1)
- Anoxie (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antarctica (1)
- Antarktis (1)
- Antibiotika-Toleranz (1)
- Antibiotikaresistenz (1)
- Antimikrobielle Peptide (1)
- Arabian Plate (1)
- Arabische Platte (1)
- Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität (1)
- Arctic tundra (1)
- Arktis (1)
- Aspect-Oriented Programming (1)
- Aspektorientierte Programmierung (1)
- Astroteilchenphysik (1)
- Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle (1)
- Aufschluss-Modellierung (1)
- Augenbewegungen (1)
- Ausbreitung (1)
- Ausführungsgeschichte (1)
- Ausschüsse (1)
- Automobil (1)
- Automobildesign (1)
- BMI (1)
- BRDF (1)
- Bayes'sche Netze (1)
- Bayesian networks (1)
- Berufsbildungswissenschaften (1)
- Berührungseingaben (1)
- Besteuerung (1)
- Bewältigungsstrategien (1)
- Biaryle (1)
- Biaryles (1)
- Bifidobacterium (1)
- Bilddatenanalyse (1)
- Bildung (1)
- Bildungsrenditen (1)
- Binding Theory (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biodiversität (1)
- Bittergeschmack (1)
- Blickbewegungen (1)
- Boden (1)
- Bodenfeuchte (1)
- Bodenhydrologie (1)
- Bodenparameter (1)
- Bohrlochmessungen (1)
- Brandenburg (1)
- Brazil (1)
- Breast cancer (1)
- Breitband (1)
- Brownification (1)
- Brustkrebs (1)
- Bundling of PES (1)
- Bündelung von PES (1)
- CO₂ (1)
- CRS (1)
- CSCW (1)
- Cambodia (1)
- Carbide (1)
- Carbides (1)
- Carbon Cycling (1)
- Carbon cycling (1)
- Carbonate (1)
- Cartography (1)
- Cavity Ring-Down (1)
- Cell proliferation (1)
- Cellulose (1)
- Centering Theory (1)
- Chamisso (1)
- Chile (1)
- Chlorogensäure (1)
- Cloud Computing (1)
- Cloud computing (1)
- Clusteranalyse (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Colonkanzerogenese (1)
- Common Sense Model of Illness Representation (1)
- Composites (1)
- Corruption (1)
- Cue-Gewichtung (1)
- Darmbakterien (1)
- Darmlänge (1)
- Data Privacy (1)
- Databases (1)
- Datamodell (1)
- Datenabhängigkeiten-Entdeckung (1)
- Datenanalyse (1)
- Datenbanken (1)
- Datenintegration (1)
- Datenmodell (1)
- Datenschutz (1)
- Dekomposition (1)
- Design (1)
- Design Management (1)
- Design Thinking Diskurse (1)
- Deutsche Einheit (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Deutschland und Ägypten Kulturvergleich (1)
- Dezentralisierung (1)
- Dielectric elastomer actuators (1)
- Dielektrische Elastomer Aktuatoren (1)
- Differenz von Gauss Filtern (1)
- Digitale Whiteboards (1)
- Disambiguierung (1)
- Diskursgegebenheit (1)
- Diversität (1)
- Downstep (1)
- Durchmusterung (1)
- E. coli (1)
- ETAS (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- Eingabegenauigkeit (1)
- Einstein manifolds (1)
- Einstein-Hilbert action (1)
- Einstein-Hilbert-Wirkung (1)
- Einstein-Mannigfaltigkeiten (1)
- Einzelzellanalyse (1)
- Einzugsgebietsklassifizierung (1)
- Elektroaktive Polymere (1)
- Elementarteilchen (1)
- Eliassen Palm Flux (1)
- Eliassen-Palm-Fluss (1)
- Eltern-Kind-Assoziation (1)
- EnMAP (1)
- Energiehaushalt (1)
- Enterolignanen (1)
- Enterolignans (1)
- Entwicklung des Projektunterrichts in der BRD (1)
- Entwicklungsökonomik (1)
- Entzündung (1)
- Erdbeben (1)
- Erdrutsch (1)
- Ereignisdokumentation (1)
- Ernährung (1)
- Ernährungsfaktoren (1)
- Erosion (1)
- Erzgebirge (1)
- European Union (1)
- European Union research policy (1)
- European expansion (1)
- Europäische Forschungspolitik (1)
- Europäische Union (1)
- Evaluationsnutzung (1)
- Evaluationsverwendung (1)
- Evolution (1)
- ExPEC (1)
- Expansion Europas (1)
- Expertise (1)
- Exportplattform (1)
- Extension (1)
- Fasern (1)
- Fehlerbeseitigung (1)
- Fehlerquellen der Modellierung (1)
- Feld (1)
- Feldflussfraktionierung (1)
- Field Flow Fractionation (1)
- Film (1)
- Flagellenbewegung (1)
- Fluktuations-Dissipations-Theorem (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Fluoreszenzbildgebung (1)
- Flussgesteuerter Bilateraler Filter (1)
- Focus+Context Visualization (1)
- Fokus-&-Kontext Visualisierung (1)
- Formyl-Peptid Rezeptor 2 (1)
- Forstwirtschaft (1)
- Fragmentierung (1)
- Frauen (1)
- Freiheit (1)
- Führungspraxis (1)
- GABA (1)
- Galaxienhaufen (1)
- Galaxy Struktur (1)
- Gartenkultur (1)
- Gas Sorption (1)
- Gassensorik (1)
- Gefahrenanalyse (1)
- Gehirn (1)
- Georgia (1)
- Georgien (1)
- Geothermie (1)
- German (1)
- German past participles (1)
- Germany (1)
- Germany and Egypt culture comparison (1)
- Geschmack (1)
- Gießfolien (1)
- Gitterdynamik (1)
- Gletschervorfeld (1)
- Globalisierung (1)
- Glutathionperoxidase (1)
- Glycopeptoid (1)
- Glykogen (1)
- Gold Cluster (1)
- Grauliteratur (1)
- Gruppenfreistellungsverordnung (1)
- Gärten (1)
- Hemmung (1)
- Hochenergiephysik (1)
- Humankapital (1)
- Hydrogel (1)
- Hydrogenase (1)
- Hydrologie (1)
- Hyperschnellläufersterne (1)
- Hämolyse (1)
- IBD (1)
- Image (1)
- Imaging spectroscopy (1)
- Immediate-early-Gen (1)
- Impakt (1)
- InSAR (1)
- InSAR Datenanalyse (1)
- Index (1)
- Index Structures (1)
- Indexstrukturen (1)
- Information (1)
- Informationsflüsse (1)
- Inklusionsabhängigkeit (1)
- Innovativität (1)
- Insekt (1)
- Institutionalisierte Evaluationsverfahren (1)
- Integralfeld-Spektroskopie (1)
- Interactive Rendering (1)
- Interaktives Rendering (1)
- Internalin J (1)
- Internet applications (1)
- Internetanwendungen (1)
- Ionic Liquid (1)
- Ivy (1)
- Java Security Framework (1)
- Johann Friedrich Eschscholtz (1)
- Jugendalter (1)
- Kaffeeproteine (1)
- Kambodscha (1)
- Karbonat (1)
- Kartographie (1)
- Kfz (1)
- Klassifikator (1)
- Kleintriebe (1)
- Kohlenstoff (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Komposite (1)
- Konjugierten polyelektrolyt (1)
- Koreferenz (1)
- Korrektursakkaden (1)
- Korruption (1)
- Kugelsternhaufen (1)
- Kultivierung (1)
- Kulturwissenschaft (1)
- Kurzkettige Fettsäuren (1)
- Körperbautyp (1)
- Körperfett (1)
- Körperunzufriedenheit (1)
- Lafora disease (1)
- Land (1)
- Landepositionsfehler (1)
- Landnutzungswandel (1)
- Landschaftseffekte (1)
- Landslide (1)
- Latin American literature (1)
- Lebensstil (1)
- Leistungsbewertung von Projekten (1)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (1)
- Leistungssport im interkulturellen Vergleich (1)
- Lesen (1)
- Lexikon (1)
- Lignan-converting bacteria (1)
- Lignan-umwandelnde Bakterien (1)
- Link-Entdeckung (1)
- Lipide (1)
- Lithosphäre (1)
- Louis Choris (1)
- Lusatia (1)
- MEO2MA (1)
- Marketing (1)
- Medicago truncatula (1)
- Meereis (1)
- Metal-organic framework (1)
- Methan (1)
- Methodik der Projektarbeit (1)
- Microemulsion (1)
- Mikrobiologie (1)
- Mikrobiota (1)
- Mikroemulsion (1)
- Mikrosakkaden (1)
- Milchstrassenmasse (1)
- Minderheiten (1)
- Mischmodelle (1)
- Mobilgeräte (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modelllernen (1)
- Molkenproteine (1)
- Mongolei (1)
- Mongolia (1)
- Monoschichten (1)
- Morton Wormskiold (1)
- Motilität (1)
- Motivational and Volitional aspects of competitive sports (1)
- Motivationale und Volitionale Aspekte (1)
- Multivariate Analyse (1)
- Multivariate statistic (1)
- Musikrhythmus (1)
- Muttergalaxien (1)
- Myofibroblasten (1)
- Mütter (1)
- NCA (1)
- NMR (1)
- NW Himalaja (1)
- NW Himalaya (1)
- Nachbeben (1)
- Nahinfrarot (NIR) (1)
- Nanostruktur (1)
- Naphthalenophane (1)
- Naphthalenophanes (1)
- Nation Branding (1)
- Naturgefahren (1)
- Naturgeschichte (1)
- Naturkunde (1)
- Negation (1)
- Neotektonik (1)
- Netzwerkanalyse (1)
- Nicht-photorealistisches Rendering (1)
- Nichtlineare Mikroskopie (1)
- Niedrigwasser (1)
- Nordostdeutsches Becken (1)
- Northeast German Basin (1)
- Nucleus tractus solitarii (1)
- OEGMA (1)
- OT-Modellierung (1)
- Oberflächenwärmefluß (1)
- Oberstufenzentren (1)
- Objektidentifikation (1)
- Optical sensor (1)
- Optische Sensoren (1)
- Organisationskultur (1)
- Otto von Kotzebue (1)
- Owner-Retained Access Control (ORAC) (1)
- OxyR (1)
- PES (1)
- PRM/Alf Maus (1)
- PRM/Alf mouse (1)
- PSF Analyse (1)
- PSF fitting (1)
- Paläo-Strain-Berechnung (1)
- Peers (1)
- Peptid-Membran-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Performance (1)
- Permafrost (1)
- Perowskit (1)
- Peter Bieri (1)
- Pflanzengemeinschaften (1)
- Pflanzliches Lignan (1)
- Pharmakologie (1)
- Phonetik (1)
- Phosphorylierung (1)
- Photonischer Kristall (1)
- Physik schwarzer Löcher (1)
- Phänotypische Heterogenität (1)
- Planetare Geologie (1)
- Planetary Geology (1)
- Plant lignan (1)
- Policy Languages (1)
- Policy Sprachen (1)
- Politikevaluation (1)
- Polyamine (1)
- Polyglycin (1)
- Polythiophen (1)
- Primärproduktion (1)
- Probenahmestrategie (1)
- Probiotika (1)
- Produkterleben (1)
- Projektdidaktik (1)
- Projektorganisation und –kultur (1)
- Pronomen (1)
- Pronouns (1)
- Prosodie (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein-Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Proteinfaltung (1)
- Proteinmodifizierung (1)
- Prozesskette (1)
- Prozessmodellsuche (1)
- Präsentation (1)
- Pseudobeobachtungen (1)
- Pseudomonas putida (1)
- Psycholinguistik (1)
- Public Diplomacy (1)
- Qualitätsbewertung (1)
- Qualitätsmanagement (1)
- Quantenfeldtheorie (1)
- Quantitative Daten (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Query (1)
- RAVE (1)
- REDDplus (1)
- Random-Walk-Theorie (1)
- Raumzeitgeometrie (1)
- Reaktionszeitmethoden (1)
- Redox (1)
- Reform der öffentlichen Verwaltung (1)
- Regressionsanalyse (1)
- Reisebeschreibung (1)
- Reisen um 1800 (1)
- Reputation (1)
- Resonanzfluoreszenz (1)
- Responsive Polymere (1)
- Rhizophagus irregularis (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Ricci flow (1)
- Ricci-Fluss (1)
- Ringspannung (1)
- Romanzoff (1)
- Romanzoff Expedition (1)
- Romanzow (1)
- Rotationsbarriere (1)
- Rotationskurven (1)
- Rurik (1)
- Röntgenastronomie (1)
- SME (1)
- Satzgefüge (1)
- Sauerstoff (1)
- Saxo-Thuringia (1)
- Scalability (1)
- Schema-Entdeckung (1)
- Schwimmende Mikroorganismen (1)
- Search Algorithms (1)
- Seismische Geschwindigkeiten (1)
- Seismische Interferometrie (1)
- Seismische Tomographie (1)
- Sekundärsakkaden (1)
- Selbstwirksamkeit (1)
- Selen (1)
- Semantik (1)
- Semantische Analyse (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Service-orientierte Systeme (1)
- Silikonelastomere (1)
- Similarity Measures (1)
- Similarity Search (1)
- Skala (1)
- Skalierbarkeit (1)
- Skeletal robustness (1)
- Skelettrobustizität (1)
- Softwaretest (1)
- Soil hydrology (1)
- Sorption (1)
- Sozialdarwinismus (1)
- Sozialer Druck (1)
- Speicheldrüse (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Sportringen (1)
- Sports Wrestling (1)
- Spracherwerb (1)
- Sprachrhythmus (1)
- Sterndynamik (1)
- Stochastischer Algorithmus (1)
- Strahlung Mechanismen (1)
- Stärkemetabolismus (1)
- Subsurface Biosphere (1)
- Suchverfahren (1)
- Suigetsu (1)
- Synbiotika (1)
- Systems of Systems (1)
- Säuglingsnahrung (1)
- TAS2R (1)
- Temperaturfeld (1)
- Test-getriebene Fehlernavigation (1)
- Thermal-conductivity (1)
- Thermoresponsiv (1)
- Tien Shan (1)
- Tonsprache (1)
- Transdisziplinarität (1)
- Transformationsprozess (1)
- Transforming Growth Factor beta (1)
- Transitionmetals (1)
- Transkriptionsfaktoren (1)
- Transkriptom Sequenzierung (1)
- Transkriptomanalyse (1)
- Tritium Assay (1)
- Tritium Versuchsanordnung (1)
- Tropen (1)
- Unification Treaty (1)
- Unruh effect (1)
- Unruh-Effekt (1)
- Unsicherheiten (1)
- Untergrunduntersuchung der Biosphäre (1)
- Unternehmerische Universitäten (1)
- Variationsstabilität (1)
- Verantwortung (1)
- Verifikation (1)
- Verteiltes Arbeiten (1)
- Victorian (1)
- Videoanalyse (1)
- Videometadaten (1)
- Vietnamese (1)
- Vietnamesen (1)
- Vulnerabilität (1)
- W-Fragen (1)
- Waldbewirtschaftung (1)
- Web of Data (1)
- Well-log analysis (1)
- Wellenausbreitung (1)
- Weltreisen (1)
- Weltumsegelung (1)
- Wertesystem der Beschäftigten des öffentlichen Dienstes (1)
- Wertorientierungen (1)
- Wissens- und Technologietransfer (1)
- Wissenschaftsgeschichte (1)
- Wärmeleitfähigkeit (1)
- X-ray astronomy (1)
- Zellimmobilisierung (1)
- Zellmembranen (1)
- Zellproliferation (1)
- Zelltyp-spezifisch (1)
- Zellulose (1)
- Zellulärmaterialien (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zuckertransporter (1)
- Zweizustandsmodell (1)
- activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (1)
- actuating materials (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adhesion (1)
- adolescence (1)
- aesthetic preferences (1)
- aesthetic user requirements (1)
- affiliation networks (1)
- aftershock (1)
- age differences (1)
- altruism (1)
- an intercultural comparison (1)
- anaphora (1)
- anisotropic Kuwahara filter (1)
- anomalies (1)
- anoxia (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antimicrobial peptides (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- arbuskuläre Mykorrhiza-Symbiose (1)
- arbuskuläre Mykorrhizasymbiose (1)
- architectured materials (1)
- arktische Tundra (1)
- astroparticle physics (1)
- asymmetric synthesis (1)
- asymmetrische Synthese (1)
- attentional control (1)
- ausländische Direktinvestitionen (1)
- automated planning (1)
- automotive (1)
- automotive design (1)
- back-in-time (1)
- barrier of rotation energy (1)
- behavioral specification (1)
- berufliche Interessen (1)
- bifidobacterium (1)
- biomaterials (1)
- biopolymers (1)
- biorelevant (1)
- bitter (1)
- bitter taste (1)
- black hole physics (1)
- block exemption (1)
- body dissatisfaction (1)
- brain (1)
- broadband (1)
- brownification (1)
- car (1)
- carbon flow (1)
- case ambiguity (1)
- casted-films (1)
- catFISH (1)
- catchment classification (1)
- cavity ring-down (1)
- cell immobilization (1)
- cell tracking (1)
- cell type-specific (1)
- cellular materials (1)
- child language (1)
- childhood abuse (1)
- chlorogenic acid (1)
- chronic and acute inflammation (1)
- chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen (1)
- circumnavigation (1)
- classifier (1)
- clause linkage (1)
- climate (1)
- clustering (1)
- clusters of galaxies (1)
- cobalt (1)
- coffee proteins (1)
- coherence-enhancing filtering (1)
- colon carcinogenesis (1)
- commensal (1)
- committee governance (1)
- common sense model of illness representation (1)
- communication (1)
- concepts of illness (1)
- conjugated polyelectrolyte (1)
- context (1)
- context awareness (1)
- coreference (1)
- corrective saccades (1)
- cosmic-ray (1)
- countryside (1)
- coupled fluid and heat transport (1)
- cscw (1)
- cultivation (1)
- cultural resources (1)
- cultural studies (1)
- cultural types (1)
- cytokines (1)
- dark matter (1)
- data analysis (1)
- data integration (1)
- debugging (1)
- decentralization (1)
- decomposition (1)
- dependency discovery (1)
- design (1)
- design management (1)
- design thinking discourse (1)
- deutsche Partizipien (1)
- development economics (1)
- development of project-based-learning (1)
- developpement de l’enseignement des projets en Allemagne fédérale (1)
- didactics of project-based-learning (1)
- didactique des projets (1)
- diet (1)
- dietary factors (1)
- difference of Gaussians (1)
- digital whiteboard (1)
- discourse-givenness (1)
- dispersal (1)
- displacement (1)
- disturbed eating (1)
- diversity (1)
- downstep (1)
- drug tolerance (1)
- dunkle Materie (1)
- earthquake (1)
- eco-hydrological modelling (1)
- ecological modelling (1)
- economies of scope (1)
- education (1)
- effective discourse (1)
- electroactive polymers (1)
- elementary particles (1)
- energy budget (1)
- energy density (1)
- entity alignment (1)
- entrepreneurial mission (1)
- entrepreneurial university (1)
- erosion (1)
- evaluation use (1)
- evaluation utilization (1)
- event documentation (1)
- evidence-based policy (1)
- evolution (1)
- expedition (1)
- expertise (1)
- export platforms (1)
- extension (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extrazelluläre Matrix (1)
- faults (1)
- fibres (1)
- film (1)
- films (1)
- flagellar filaments (1)
- flood events (1)
- flow-based bilateral filter (1)
- fluctuation dissipation theorem (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescence imaging (1)
- forecast (1)
- foreign direct investments (1)
- forest management (1)
- forestry (1)
- formal cognitive models (1)
- formale kognitive Modelle (1)
- formyl peptide receptor 2 (1)
- fragmentation (1)
- freedom (1)
- functional diversity (1)
- funktionelle Variabilität (1)
- galactic structure (1)
- galaxy structure (1)
- garden cultures (1)
- gardening (1)
- gas sensing (1)
- gas sorption (1)
- gekoppelter Fluid-und Wärmetransport (1)
- genetic enhancement (1)
- geologische Störungen (1)
- geothermics (1)
- gesture (1)
- gestörtes Essverhalten (1)
- glacier forefield (1)
- globalization (1)
- globular clusters (1)
- glutathione peroxidase (1)
- glycogen (1)
- glycopeptoid (1)
- goblet cells (1)
- good governance (1)
- graph clustering (1)
- grey literature (1)
- groEL (1)
- gut length (1)
- gut microbiota (1)
- hazard assessments (1)
- hemolysis (1)
- heteroatom (1)
- heterologe Expression (1)
- heterologous expression (1)
- high energy astrophysics (1)
- high energy physics (1)
- high-pressure incubation system (1)
- history of science (1)
- hochenergetische Astrophysik (1)
- host galaxies (1)
- human capital (1)
- human-computer interaction (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hydrological flow paths (1)
- hydrologische Fließpfade (1)
- hydrology (1)
- hypervelocity stars (1)
- illness representations (1)
- image (1)
- image data analysis (1)
- immediate early gene (1)
- immune response (1)
- impact (1)
- inclusion dependency (1)
- index (1)
- indigene Völker (1)
- indigenous chronic (1)
- indigenous peoples (1)
- infection (1)
- inflammation (1)
- inflammatory bowel disease (1)
- information (1)
- information flow (1)
- inhibition (1)
- innovativeness (1)
- input accuracy (1)
- insect (1)
- institutional leadership (1)
- integral field spectroscopy (1)
- interaction (1)
- interactive simulation (1)
- interface (1)
- international trade (1)
- internationaler Handel (1)
- intestinal microbiota (1)
- intestinale Mikrobiota (1)
- ionic liquid (1)
- journey around the world (1)
- judging of projects (1)
- kindliche Sprachverarbeitung (1)
- knowledge- and technology transfer (1)
- kosmische Neutronenstrahlung (1)
- kulturelle Ressourcen (1)
- kulturelle Verhaltensformen (1)
- körperliche Bewegung (1)
- lamprophyre (1)
- land-use change (1)
- landscape effects (1)
- landscape hydrology (1)
- language acquisition (1)
- lattice dynamics (1)
- leadership (1)
- leucine-rich repeat protein (1)
- leucinreiches repeat-Protein (1)
- lexicon (1)
- liberal eugenics (1)
- liberale Eugenik (1)
- life-style analysis (1)
- lineare spektrale Entmischung (1)
- link discovery (1)
- lipid biomarkers (1)
- lipids (1)
- lithosphere (1)
- low flow (1)
- low molecular weight organic acids (1)
- machine learning (1)
- map/reduce (1)
- marketing (1)
- maschinelles Lernen (1)
- membranes (1)
- metabolism (1)
- metal-organic framework (1)
- methane (1)
- methods of project-based-learning (1)
- microbial activity (1)
- microbiology (1)
- microbiota (1)
- microsaccades (1)
- mikrobielle Gemeinschaften (1)
- minorities (1)
- mixture models (1)
- mobile (1)
- mobile devices (1)
- model (1)
- model-based prototyping (1)
- modelling error sources (1)
- molecular doping (1)
- molekulares Dotieren (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monolayer (1)
- morphological processing (1)
- morphology (1)
- mothers (1)
- motility (1)
- mucus (1)
- multivariate Statistik (1)
- multivariate statistics (1)
- musical rhythm (1)
- myofibroblast (1)
- méthodes des projets (1)
- nanostructure (1)
- nation branding (1)
- natural hazards (1)
- natural history (1)
- natural language generation (1)
- natural sciences (1)
- natural terrestrial landforms (1)
- naturalistic research (1)
- natürliche terrestrische Oberflächenformen (1)
- near-infrared (NIR) (1)
- negation (1)
- neoinstitutional organizational theory (1)
- neoinstitutionale Organisationstheorie (1)
- neotectonics (1)
- network analysis (1)
- neutron field (1)
- nicht-Markovsche Dynamik (1)
- nicht-kanonische Nebensätze (1)
- non-Markovian dynamics (1)
- non-canonical clauses (1)
- non-linear microscopy (1)
- non-photorealistic rendering (1)
- nucleus of the solitary tract (1)
- object identification (1)
- offenes Quantensystem (1)
- opal (1)
- open quantum system (1)
- optische Anregung (1)
- organic dipoles (1)
- organic electronics (1)
- organic semiconductor (1)
- organisation and culture of project-based-learning (1)
- organisation et culture des projets (1)
- organische Dipole (1)
- organische Elektronik (1)
- organischer Halbleiter (1)
- organischer Kohlenstoff (1)
- organizational culture (1)
- orogenic evolution (1)
- overweight (1)
- oxygen (1)
- pH (1)
- paleo-strain calculation (1)
- parafoveal processing (1)
- parafoveale Verarbeitung (1)
- parent-child-association (1)
- pathogen (1)
- peers (1)
- peptide-membrane-interaction (1)
- percentage of body fat (1)
- perovskite (1)
- pharmacology (1)
- phenotypic heterogeneity (1)
- phonetics (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- photoexcitation (1)
- photonic crystal (1)
- physical activity (1)
- plant communities (1)
- policy-evaluation (1)
- political economics (1)
- political utopia (1)
- politische Ökonomik (1)
- polyamines (1)
- polyglycine (1)
- polythiohene (1)
- pornography (1)
- prediction (1)
- presentation (1)
- primary production (1)
- process chain (1)
- process model search (1)
- product experience (1)
- prosodisch (1)
- protein folding (1)
- protein interactions (1)
- protein modification (1)
- proteins (1)
- proteome (1)
- proteomics (1)
- proximity-concentration trade-off (1)
- pseudomonas putida (1)
- psycholinguistics (1)
- public administration reform (1)
- public diplomacy (1)
- public employees’ value system (1)
- qualitative pathway interpretation (1)
- quality assessment framework (1)
- qualitymanagement (1)
- quantitative data (1)
- quantum field theory (1)
- querying (1)
- radiation mechanisms (1)
- radiocarbon (1)
- random walk (1)
- rapid prototyping (1)
- reaction time methods (1)
- reading (1)
- reconfigurable matter (1)
- redox (1)
- regional labor market (1)
- regionale Arbeitsmärkte (1)
- regionale Hydrologie (1)
- regression analysis (1)
- remote collaboration (1)
- reproduktive Selbstbestimmung (1)
- reputation (1)
- requirements engineering (1)
- resonance fluorescence (1)
- responsibility (1)
- responsive (1)
- responsive polymer (1)
- returns to education (1)
- rhizosphere (1)
- rotation curves (1)
- räumliche Kalibrierung (1)
- saccadic error (1)
- salivary gland (1)
- scale (1)
- schema discovery (1)
- science of vocational training (1)
- sea ice (1)
- secondary saccades (1)
- sedimentary organic matter (1)
- seismic interferometry (1)
- seismic tomography (1)
- seismic velocities (1)
- selenium (1)
- self-efficacy expectations (1)
- semantic analysis (1)
- semantics (1)
- service-oriented systems (1)
- sexual aggression (1)
- sexual scripts (1)
- short chain fatty acids (1)
- silicone elastomers (1)
- similarity (1)
- single cell analysis (1)
- situated context (1)
- social pressure (1)
- soil (1)
- soil constituents mapping (1)
- soil moisture (1)
- soil organic carbon (1)
- sol-gel (1)
- somatotype (1)
- spacetime geometry (1)
- spatial calibration (1)
- spectral unmixing (1)
- spectro-directional (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- speech rhythm (1)
- spektro-direktional (1)
- stable isotope tracing (1)
- starch metabolism (1)
- starter formula (1)
- stellar dynamics (1)
- stochastic algorithms (1)
- strain energy (1)
- subjektive Krankheitskonzepte (1)
- sucrose (1)
- sugar transporter (1)
- supercapacitor (1)
- surface heat flow (1)
- survey (1)
- swelling (1)
- synbiotics (1)
- syntactic economy (MP) (1)
- syntactic processing (1)
- syntaktische Ambiguität (1)
- systems of systems (1)
- taste (1)
- taxation (1)
- tectonics (1)
- temperature field analysis (1)
- test-driven fault navigation (1)
- testing (1)
- tf-idf (1)
- thermal model (1)
- thermisches Modell (1)
- thermochronology (1)
- thermodynamic stability (1)
- thermodynamische Stabilität (1)
- thermoplastic (1)
- thermoplastisch (1)
- thermoresponsiv (1)
- thermosensitive (1)
- tone language (1)
- topics (1)
- touch input (1)
- transcription factors (1)
- transcriptome analysis (1)
- transcriptome sequencing (1)
- transdisciplinarity (1)
- transformation process (1)
- transformational (1)
- transforming growth factor beta (1)
- travelling around 1800 (1)
- travelogue (1)
- tropics (1)
- two-state model (1)
- ubiquity of new knowledge (1)
- ultrafast X-ray diffraction (1)
- ultraschnelle Röntgendiffraktion (1)
- uncertainties (1)
- unternehmerische Mission (1)
- values (1)
- variational stability (1)
- vehicle (1)
- verification (1)
- video analysis (1)
- video metadata (1)
- violence of latin letter (1)
- virulence-associated genes (1)
- virulenzassoziierte Gene (1)
- vocational interests (1)
- vocational training and education research (1)
- voyage around the world (1)
- vulnerability (1)
- wave propagation (1)
- wh-questions (1)
- whey proteins (1)
- women writers (1)
- word sense disambiguation (1)
- working memory capacity (1)
- zinc (1)
- Ähnlichkeit (1)
- Ähnlichkeitsmaße (1)
- Ähnlichkeitssuche (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- Ökonomieprinzipien (MP) (1)
- Ökotoxikologie (1)
- Übergangsmetalle (1)
- Übergewicht (1)
- ästhetische Nutzeranforderungen (1)
- ästhetische Präferenzen (1)
- évaluation des projets (1)
- ökohydrologische Modellierung (1)
- ökologische Modellierung (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (48)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (35)
- Institut für Chemie (33)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (33)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (22)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (20)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering gGmbH (15)
- Institut für Informatik und Computational Science (15)
- Department Linguistik (10)
- Department Psychologie (10)
Tetrahalidocuprat(II)-komplexe : Untersuchungen zur Relation von Struktur- und EPR-Parametern
(2013)
In den vergangenen Jahren wurden stetig wachsende Produktionskapazitäten von Biokunststoffen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffe nverzeichnet. Trotz großer Produktionskapazitäten und einem geeigneten Eigenschaftsprofil findet Stärke nur als hydrophile, mit Weichmachern verarbeitete thermoplastische Stärke (TPS) in Form von Blends mit z. B. Polyestern Anwendung. Gleiches gilt für Kunststoffe auf Proteinbasis. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat die Entwicklung von Biokunststoffen auf Stärkebasis zum Ziel, welche ohne externe Weichmacher thermoplastisch verarbeitbar und hydrophob sind sowie ein mechanisches Eigenschaftsprofil aufweisen, welches ein Potenzial zur Herstellung von Materialien für eine Anwendung als Verpackungsmittel bietet. Um die Rohstoffbasis für Biokunststoffe zu erweitern, soll das erarbeitete Konzept auf zwei industriell verfügbare Proteintypen, Zein und Molkenproteinisolat (WPI), übertragen werden. Als geeignete Materialklasse wurden Fettsäureester der Stärke herausgearbeitet. Zunächst fand ein Vergleich der Säurechlorid-Veresterung und der Umesterung von Fettsäurevinylestern statt, woraus letztere als geeignetere Methode hervorging. Durch Variation der Reaktionsparameter konnte diese optimiert und auf eine Serie der Fettsäurevinylester von Butanoat bis Stearat für DS-Werte bis zu 2,2-2,6 angewandt werden. Möglich war somit eine systematische Studie unter Variation der veresterten Fettsäure sowie des Substitutionsgrades (DS). Sämtliche Produkte mit einem DS ab 1,5 wiesen eine ausgprägte Löslichkeit in organischen Lösungsmitteln auf wodurch sowohl die Aufnahme von NMR-Spektren als auch Molmassenbestimmung mittels Größenausschlusschromatographie mit gekoppelter Mehrwinkel-Laserlichtstreuung (GPC-MALLS) möglich waren. Durch dynamische Lichtstreuung (DLS) wurde das Löslichkeitsverhalten veranschaulicht. Sämtliche Produkte konnten zu Filmen verarbeitet werden, wobei Materialien mit DS 1,5-1,7 hohe Zugfestigkeiten (bis zu 42 MPa) und Elastizitätsmodule (bis 1390 MPa) aufwiesen. Insbesondere Stärkehexanoat mit DS <2 sowie Stärkebutanoat mit DS >2 hatten ein mechanisches Eigenschaftsprofil, welches insbesondere in Bezug auf die Festigkeit/Steifigkeit vergleichbar mit Verpackungsmaterialien wie Polyethylen war (Zugfestigkeit: 15-32 MPa, E-Modul: 300-1300 MPa). Zugfestigkeit und Elastizitätsmodul nahmen mit steigender Kettenlänge der veresterten Fettsäure ab. Ester längerkettiger Fettsäuren (C16-C18) waren spröde. Über Weitwinkel-Röntgenstreuung (WAXS) und Infrarotspektroskopie (ATR-FTIR) konnte der Verlauf der Festigkeiten mit einer zunehmenden Distanz der Stärke im Material begründet werden. Es konnten von DS und Kettenlänge abhängige Glasübergänge detektiert werden, die kristallinen Strukturen der langkettigen Fettsäuren zeigten einen Schmelzpeak. Die Hydrophobie der Filme wurde anhand von Kontaktwinkeln >95° gegen Wasser dargestellt. Blends mit biobasierten Polyterpenen sowie den in der Arbeit hergestellten Zein-Acylderivaten ermöglichten eine weitere Verbesserung der Zugfestigkeit bzw. des Elastizitätsmoduls hochsubstituierter Produkte. Eine thermoplastische Verarbeitung mittels Spritzgießen war sowohl für Produkte mit hohem als auch mittlerem DS-Wert ohne jeglichen Zusatz von Weichmachern möglich. Es entstanden homogene, transparente Prüfstäbe. Untersuchungen der Härte ergaben auch hier für Stärkehexanoat und –butanoat mit Polyethylen vergleichbare Werte. Ausgewählte Produkte wurden zu Fasern nach dem Schmelzspinnverfahren verarbeitet. Hierbei wurden insbesondere für hochsubstituierte Derivate homogenen Fasern erstellt, welche im Vergleich zur Gießfolie signifikant höhere Zugfestigkeiten aufwiesen. Stärkeester mit mittlerem DS ließen sich ebenfalls verarbeiten. Zunächst wurden für eine Übertragung des Konzeptes auf die Proteine Zein und WPI verschiedene Synthesemethoden verglichen. Die Veresterung mit Säurechloriden ergab hierbei die höchsten Werte. Im Hinblick auf eine gute Löslichkeit in organischen Lösungsmitteln wurde für WPI die Veresterung mit carbonyldiimidazol (CDI)-aktivierten Fettsäuren in DMSO und für Zein die Veresterung mit Säu-rechloriden in Pyridin bevorzugt. Es stellte sich heraus, dass acyliertes WPI zwar hydrophob, jedoch ohne Weichmacher nicht thermoplastisch verarbeitet werden konnte. Die Erstellung von Gießfolien führte zu Sprödbruchverhalten. Unter Zugabe der biobasierten Ölsäure wurde die Anwendung von acyliertem WPI als thermoplastischer Filler z. B. in Blends mit Stärkeestern dargestellt. Im Gegensatz hierzu zeigte acyliertes Zein Glasübergänge <100 °C bei ausreichender Stabilität (150-200 °C). Zeinoleat konnte ohne Weichmacher zu einer transparenten Gießfolie verarbeitet werden. Sämtliche Derivate erwiesen sich als ausgeprägt hydrophob. Zeinoleat konnte über das Schmelzspinnverfahren zu thermoplastischen Fasern verarbeitet werden.
Multi-messenger constraints and pressure from dark matter annihilation into electron-positron pairs
(2013)
Despite striking evidence for the existence of dark matter from astrophysical observations, dark matter has still escaped any direct or indirect detection until today. Therefore a proof for its existence and the revelation of its nature belongs to one of the most intriguing challenges of nowadays cosmology and particle physics. The present work tries to investigate the nature of dark matter through indirect signatures from dark matter annihilation into electron-positron pairs in two different ways, pressure from dark matter annihilation and multi-messenger constraints on the dark matter annihilation cross-section. We focus on dark matter annihilation into electron-positron pairs and adopt a model-independent approach, where all the electrons and positrons are injected with the same initial energy E_0 ~ m_dm*c^2. The propagation of these particles is determined by solving the diffusion-loss equation, considering inverse Compton scattering, synchrotron radiation, Coulomb collisions, bremsstrahlung, and ionization. The first part of this work, focusing on pressure from dark matter annihilation, demonstrates that dark matter annihilation into electron-positron pairs may affect the observed rotation curve by a significant amount. The injection rate of this calculation is constrained by INTEGRAL, Fermi, and H.E.S.S. data. The pressure of the relativistic electron-positron gas is computed from the energy spectrum predicted by the diffusion-loss equation. For values of the gas density and magnetic field that are representative of the Milky Way, it is estimated that the pressure gradients are strong enough to balance gravity in the central parts if E_0 < 1 GeV. The exact value depends somewhat on the astrophysical parameters, and it changes dramatically with the slope of the dark matter density profile. For very steep slopes, as those expected from adiabatic contraction, the rotation curves of spiral galaxies would be affected on kiloparsec scales for most values of E_0. By comparing the predicted rotation curves with observations of dwarf and low surface brightness galaxies, we show that the pressure from dark matter annihilation may improve the agreement between theory and observations in some cases, but it also imposes severe constraints on the model parameters (most notably, the inner slope of the halo density profile, as well as the mass and the annihilation cross-section of dark matter particles into electron-positron pairs). In the second part, upper limits on the dark matter annihilation cross-section into electron-positron pairs are obtained by combining observed data at different wavelengths (from Haslam, WMAP, and Fermi all-sky intensity maps) with recent measurements of the electron and positron spectra in the solar neighbourhood by PAMELA, Fermi, and H.E.S.S.. We consider synchrotron emission in the radio and microwave bands, as well as inverse Compton scattering and final-state radiation at gamma-ray energies. For most values of the model parameters, the tightest constraints are imposed by the local positron spectrum and synchrotron emission from the central regions of the Galaxy. According to our results, the annihilation cross-section should not be higher than the canonical value for a thermal relic if the mass of the dark matter candidate is smaller than a few GeV. In addition, we also derive a stringent upper limit on the inner logarithmic slope α of the density profile of the Milky Way dark matter halo (α < 1 if m_dm < 5 GeV, α < 1.3 if m_dm < 100 GeV and α < 1.5 if m_dm < 2 TeV) assuming a dark matter annihilation cross-section into electron-positron pairs (σv) = 3*10^−26 cm^3 s^−1, as predicted for thermal relics from the big bang.
Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe mit Dioxolobenzodioxol-Grundgerüst: Synthese, Untersuchungen und Anwendungen
(2013)
Even though quite different in occurrence and consequences, from a modeling perspective many natural hazards share similar properties and challenges. Their complex nature as well as lacking knowledge about their driving forces and potential effects make their analysis demanding: uncertainty about the modeling framework, inaccurate or incomplete event observations and the intrinsic randomness of the natural phenomenon add up to different interacting layers of uncertainty, which require a careful handling. Nevertheless deterministic approaches are still widely used in natural hazard assessments, holding the risk of underestimating the hazard with disastrous effects. The all-round probabilistic framework of Bayesian networks constitutes an attractive alternative. In contrast to deterministic proceedings, it treats response variables as well as explanatory variables as random variables making no difference between input and output variables. Using a graphical representation Bayesian networks encode the dependency relations between the variables in a directed acyclic graph: variables are represented as nodes and (in-)dependencies between variables as (missing) edges between the nodes. The joint distribution of all variables can thus be described by decomposing it, according to the depicted independences, into a product of local conditional probability distributions, which are defined by the parameters of the Bayesian network. In the framework of this thesis the Bayesian network approach is applied to different natural hazard domains (i.e. seismic hazard, flood damage and landslide assessments). Learning the network structure and parameters from data, Bayesian networks reveal relevant dependency relations between the included variables and help to gain knowledge about the underlying processes. The problem of Bayesian network learning is cast in a Bayesian framework, considering the network structure and parameters as random variables itself and searching for the most likely combination of both, which corresponds to the maximum a posteriori (MAP score) of their joint distribution given the observed data. Although well studied in theory the learning of Bayesian networks based on real-world data is usually not straight forward and requires an adoption of existing algorithms. Typically arising problems are the handling of continuous variables, incomplete observations and the interaction of both. Working with continuous distributions requires assumptions about the allowed families of distributions. To "let the data speak" and avoid wrong assumptions, continuous variables are instead discretized here, thus allowing for a completely data-driven and distribution-free learning. An extension of the MAP score, considering the discretization as random variable as well, is developed for an automatic multivariate discretization, that takes interactions between the variables into account. The discretization process is nested into the network learning and requires several iterations. Having to face incomplete observations on top, this may pose a computational burden. Iterative proceedings for missing value estimation become quickly infeasible. A more efficient albeit approximate method is used instead, estimating the missing values based only on the observations of variables directly interacting with the missing variable. Moreover natural hazard assessments often have a primary interest in a certain target variable. The discretization learned for this variable does not always have the required resolution for a good prediction performance. Finer resolutions for (conditional) continuous distributions are achieved with continuous approximations subsequent to the Bayesian network learning, using kernel density estimations or mixtures of truncated exponential functions. All our proceedings are completely data-driven. We thus avoid assumptions that require expert knowledge and instead provide domain independent solutions, that are applicable not only in other natural hazard assessments, but in a variety of domains struggling with uncertainties.
Large Central European flood events of the past have demonstrated that flooding can affect several river basins at the same time leading to catastrophic economic and humanitarian losses that can stretch emergency resources beyond planned levels of service. For Germany, the spatial coherence of flooding, the contributing processes and the role of trans-basin floods for a national risk assessment is largely unknown and analysis is limited by a lack of systematic data, information and knowledge on past events. This study investigates the frequency and intensity of trans-basin flood events in Germany. It evaluates the data and information basis on which knowledge about trans-basin floods can be generated in order to improve any future flood risk assessment. In particu-lar, the study assesses whether flood documentations and related reports can provide a valuable data source for understanding trans-basin floods. An adaptive algorithm was developed that systematically captures trans-basin floods using series of mean daily discharge at a large number of sites of even time series length (1952-2002). It identifies the simultaneous occurrence of flood peaks based on the exceedance of an initial threshold of a 10 year flood at one location and consecutively pools all causally related, spatially and temporally lagged peak recordings at the other locations. A weighted cumulative index was developed that accounts for the spatial extent and the individual flood magnitudes within an event and allows quantifying the overall event severity. The parameters of the method were tested in a sensitivity analysis. An intensive study on sources and ways of information dissemination of flood-relevant publications in Germany was conducted. Based on the method of systematic reviews a strategic search approach was developed to identify relevant documentations for each of the 40 strongest trans-basin flood events. A novel framework for assessing the quality of event specific flood reports from a user’s perspective was developed and validated by independent peers. The framework was designed to be generally applicable for any natural hazard type and assesses the quality of a document addressing accessibility as well as representational, contextual, and intrinsic dimensions of quality. The analysis of time-series of mean daily discharge resulted in the identification of 80 trans-basin flood events within the period 1952-2002 in Germany. The set is dominated by events that were recorded in the hydrological winter (64%); 36% occurred during the summer months. The occurrence of floods is characterised by a distinct clustering in time. Dividing the study period into two sub-periods, we find an increase in the percentage of winter events from 58% in the first to 70.5% in the second sub-period. Accordingly, we find a significant increase in the number of extreme trans-basin floods in the second sub-period. A large body of 186 flood relevant documentations was identified. For 87.5% of the 40 strongest trans-basin floods in Germany at least one report has been found and for the most severe floods a substantial amount of documentation could be obtained. 80% of the material can be considered grey literature (i.e. literature not controlled by commercial publishers). The results of the quality assessment show that the majority of flood event specific reports are of a good quality, i.e. they are well enough drafted, largely accurate and objective, and contain a substantial amount of information on the sources, pathways and receptors/consequences of the floods. The inclusion of this information in the process of knowledge building for flood risk assessment is recommended. Both the results as well as the data produced in this study are openly accessible and can be used for further research. The results of this study contribute to an improved spatial risk assessment in Germany. The identified set of trans-basin floods provides the basis for an assessment of the chance that flooding occurs simultaneously at a number of sites. The information obtained from flood event documentation can usefully supplement the analysis of the processes that govern flood risk.
Intensive Forschung hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten zu einer sehr detaillierten Charakterisierung des Geschmackssystems der Säugetiere geführt. Dennoch sind mit den bislang eingesetzten Methoden wichtige Fragestellungen unbeantwortet geblieben. Eine dieser Fragen gilt der Unterscheidung von Bitterstoffen. Die Zahl der Substanzen, die für den Menschen bitter schmecken und in Tieren angeborenes Aversionsverhalten auslösen, geht in die Tausende. Diese Substanzen sind sowohl von der chemischen Struktur als auch von ihrer Wirkung auf den Organismus sehr verschieden. Während viele Bitterstoffe potente Gifte darstellen, sind andere in den Mengen, die mit der Nahrung aufgenommen werden, harmlos oder haben sogar positive Effekte auf den Körper. Zwischen diesen Gruppen unterscheiden zu können, wäre für ein Tier von Vorteil. Ein solcher Mechanismus ist jedoch bei Säugetieren nicht bekannt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung der Verarbeitung von Geschmacksinformation in der ersten Station der Geschmacksbahn im Mausgehirn, dem Nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), mit besonderem Augenmerk auf der Frage nach der Diskriminierung verschiedener Bitterstoffe. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine neue Untersuchungsmethode für das Geschmackssystem etabliert, die die Nachteile bereits verfügbarer Methoden umgeht und ihre Vorteile kombiniert. Die Arc-catFISH-Methode (cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescent in situ hybridization), die die Charakterisierung der Antwort großer Neuronengruppen auf zwei Stimuli erlaubt, wurde zur Untersuchung geschmacksverarbeitender Zellen im NTS angewandt. Im Zuge dieses Projekts wurde erstmals eine stimulusinduzierte Arc-Expression im NTS gezeigt. Die ersten Ergebnisse offenbarten, dass die Arc-Expression im NTS spezifisch nach Stimulation mit Bitterstoffen auftritt und sich die Arc exprimierenden Neurone vornehmlich im gustatorischen Teil des NTS befinden. Dies weist darauf hin, dass Arc-Expression ein Marker für bitterverarbeitende gustatorische Neurone im NTS ist. Nach zweimaliger Stimulation mit Bittersubstanzen konnten überlappende, aber verschiedene Populationen von Neuronen beobachtet werden, die unterschiedlich auf die drei verwendeten Bittersubstanzen Cycloheximid, Chininhydrochlorid und Cucurbitacin I reagierten. Diese Neurone sind vermutlich an der Steuerung von Abwehrreflexen beteiligt und könnten so die Grundlage für divergentes Verhalten gegenüber verschiedenen Bitterstoffen bilden.
Die automatisierte Objektidentifikation stellt ein modernes Werkzeug in den Geoinformationswissenschaften dar (BLASCHKE et al., 2012). Um bei thematischen Kartierungen untereinander vergleichbare Ergebnisse zu erzielen, sollen aus Sicht der Geoinformatik Mittel für die Objektidentifikation eingesetzt werden. Anstelle von Feldarbeit werden deshalb in der vorliegenden Arbeit multispektrale Fernerkundungsdaten als Primärdaten verwendet. Konkrete natürliche Objekte werden GIS-gestützt und automatisiert über große Flächen und Objektdichten aus Primärdaten identifiziert und charakterisiert. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine automatisierte Prozesskette zur Objektidentifikation konzipiert. Es werden neue Ansätze und Konzepte der objektbasierten Identifikation von natürlichen isolierten terrestrischen Oberflächenformen entwickelt und implementiert. Die Prozesskette basiert auf einem Konzept, das auf einem generischen Ansatz für automatisierte Objektidentifikation aufgebaut ist. Die Prozesskette kann anhand charakteristischer quantitativer Parameter angepasst und so umgesetzt werden, womit das Konzept der Objektidentifikation modular und skalierbar wird. Die modulbasierte Architektur ermöglicht den Einsatz sowohl einzelner Module als auch ihrer Kombination und möglicher Erweiterungen. Die eingesetzte Methodik der Objektidentifikation und die daran anschließende Charakteristik der (geo)morphometrischen und morphologischen Parameter wird durch statistische Verfahren gestützt. Diese ermöglichen die Vergleichbarkeit von Objektparametern aus unterschiedlichen Stichproben. Mit Hilfe der Regressionsund Varianzanalyse werden Verhältnisse zwischen Objektparametern untersucht. Es werden funktionale Abhängigkeiten der Parameter analysiert, um die Objekte qualitativ zu beschreiben. Damit ist es möglich, automatisiert berechnete Maße und Indizes der Objekte als quantitative Daten und Informationen zu erfassen und unterschiedliche Stichproben anzuwenden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit bilden Thermokarstseen die Grundlage für die Entwicklungen und als Beispiel sowie Datengrundlage für den Aufbau des Algorithmus und die Analyse. Die Geovisualisierung der multivariaten natürlichen Objekte wird für die Entwicklung eines besseren Verständnisses der räumlichen Relationen der Objekte eingesetzt. Kern der Geovisualisierung ist das Verknüpfen von Visualisierungsmethoden mit kartenähnlichen Darstellungen.
Interactive rendering techniques for focus+context visualization of 3D geovirtual environments
(2013)
This thesis introduces a collection of new real-time rendering techniques and applications for focus+context visualization of interactive 3D geovirtual environments such as virtual 3D city and landscape models. These environments are generally characterized by a large number of objects and are of high complexity with respect to geometry and textures. For these reasons, their interactive 3D rendering represents a major challenge. Their 3D depiction implies a number of weaknesses such as occlusions, cluttered image contents, and partial screen-space usage. To overcome these limitations and, thus, to facilitate the effective communication of geo-information, principles of focus+context visualization can be used for the design of real-time 3D rendering techniques for 3D geovirtual environments (see Figure). In general, detailed views of a 3D geovirtual environment are combined seamlessly with abstracted views of the context within a single image. To perform the real-time image synthesis required for interactive visualization, dedicated parallel processors (GPUs) for rasterization of computer graphics primitives are used. For this purpose, the design and implementation of appropriate data structures and rendering pipelines are necessary. The contribution of this work comprises the following five real-time rendering methods: • The rendering technique for 3D generalization lenses enables the combination of different 3D city geometries (e.g., generalized versions of a 3D city model) in a single image in real time. The method is based on a generalized and fragment-precise clipping approach, which uses a compressible, raster-based data structure. It enables the combination of detailed views in the focus area with the representation of abstracted variants in the context area. • The rendering technique for the interactive visualization of dynamic raster data in 3D geovirtual environments facilitates the rendering of 2D surface lenses. It enables a flexible combination of different raster layers (e.g., aerial images or videos) using projective texturing for decoupling image and geometry data. Thus, various overlapping and nested 2D surface lenses of different contents can be visualized interactively. • The interactive rendering technique for image-based deformation of 3D geovirtual environments enables the real-time image synthesis of non-planar projections, such as cylindrical and spherical projections, as well as multi-focal 3D fisheye-lenses and the combination of planar and non-planar projections. • The rendering technique for view-dependent multi-perspective views of 3D geovirtual environments, based on the application of global deformations to the 3D scene geometry, can be used for synthesizing interactive panorama maps to combine detailed views close to the camera (focus) with abstract views in the background (context). This approach reduces occlusions, increases the usage the available screen space, and reduces the overload of image contents. • The object-based and image-based rendering techniques for highlighting objects and focus areas inside and outside the view frustum facilitate preattentive perception. The concepts and implementations of interactive image synthesis for focus+context visualization and their selected applications enable a more effective communication of spatial information, and provide building blocks for design and development of new applications and systems in the field of 3D geovirtual environments.
Water management and environmental protection is vulnerable to extreme low flows during streamflow droughts. During the last decades, in most rivers of Central Europe summer runoff and low flows have decreased. Discharge projections agree that future decrease in runoff is likely for catchments in Brandenburg, Germany. Depending on the first-order controls on low flows, different adaption measures are expected to be appropriate. Small catchments were analyzed because they are expected to be more vulnerable to a changing climate than larger rivers. They are mainly headwater catchments with smaller ground water storage. Local characteristics are more important at this scale and can increase vulnerability. This thesis mutually evaluates potential adaption measures to sustain minimum runoff in small catchments of Brandenburg, Germany, and similarities of these catchments regarding low flows. The following guiding questions are addressed: (i) Which first-order controls on low flows and related time scales exist? (ii) Which are the differences between small catchments regarding low flow vulnerability? (iii) Which adaption measures to sustain minimum runoff in small catchments of Brandenburg are appropriate considering regional low flow patterns? Potential adaption measures to sustain minimum runoff during periods of low flows can be classified into three categories: (i) increase of groundwater recharge and subsequent baseflow by land use change, land management and artificial ground water recharge, (ii) increase of water storage with regulated outflow by reservoirs, lakes and wetland water management and (iii) regional low flow patterns have to be considered during planning of measures with multiple purposes (urban water management, waste water recycling and inter-basin water transfer). The question remained whether water management of areas with shallow groundwater tables can efficiently sustain minimum runoff. Exemplary, water management scenarios of a ditch irrigated area were evaluated using the model Hydrus-2D. Increasing antecedent water levels and stopping ditch irrigation during periods of low flows increased fluxes from the pasture to the stream, but storage was depleted faster during the summer months due to higher evapotranspiration. Fluxes from this approx. 1 km long pasture with an area of approx. 13 ha ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 l\s depending on scenario. This demonstrates that numerous of such small decentralized measures are necessary to sustain minimum runoff in meso-scale catchments. Differences in the low flow risk of catchments and meteorological low flow predictors were analyzed. A principal component analysis was applied on daily discharge of 37 catchments between 1991 and 2006. Flows decreased more in Southeast Brandenburg according to meteorological forcing. Low flow risk was highest in a region east of Berlin because of intersection of a more continental climate and the specific geohydrology. In these catchments, flows decreased faster during summer and the low flow period was prolonged. A non-linear support vector machine regression was applied to iteratively select meteorological predictors for annual 30-day minimum runoff in 16 catchments between 1965 and 2006. The potential evapotranspiration sum of the previous 48 months was the most important predictor (r²=0.28). The potential evapotranspiration of the previous 3 months and the precipitation of the previous 3 months and last year increased model performance (r²=0.49, including all four predictors). Model performance was higher for catchments with low yield and more damped runoff. In catchments with high low flow risk, explanatory power of long term potential evapotranspiration was high. Catchments with a high low flow risk as well as catchments with a considerable decrease in flows in southeast Brandenburg have the highest demand for adaption. Measures increasing groundwater recharge are to be preferred. Catchments with high low flow risk showed relatively deep and decreasing groundwater heads allowing increased groundwater recharge at recharge areas with higher altitude away from the streams. Low flows are expected to stay low or decrease even further because long term potential evapotranspiration was the most important low flow predictor and is projected to increase during climate change. Differences in low flow risk and runoff dynamics between catchments have to be considered for management and planning of measures which do not only have the task to sustain minimum runoff.
In the presence of a solid-liquid or liquid-air interface, bacteria can choose between a planktonic and a sessile lifestyle. Depending on environmental conditions, cells swimming in close proximity to the interface can irreversibly attach to the surface and grow into three-dimensional aggregates where the majority of cells is sessile and embedded in an extracellular polymer matrix (biofilm). We used microfluidic tools and time lapse microscopy to perform experiments with the polarly flagellated soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), a bacterial species that is able to form biofilms. We analyzed individual trajectories of swimming cells, both in the bulk fluid and in close proximity to a glass-liquid interface. Additionally, surface related growth during the early phase of biofilm formation was investigated. In the bulk fluid, P.putida shows a typical bacterial swimming pattern of alternating periods of persistent displacement along a line (runs) and fast reorientation events (turns) and cells swim with an average speed around 24 micrometer per second. We found that the distribution of turning angles is bimodal with a dominating peak around 180 degrees. In approximately six out of ten turning events, the cell reverses its swimming direction. In addition, our analysis revealed that upon a reversal, the cell systematically changes its swimming speed by a factor of two on average. Based on the experimentally observed values of mean runtime and rotational diffusion, we presented a model to describe the spreading of a population of cells by a run-reverse random walker with alternating speeds. We successfully recover the mean square displacement and, by an extended version of the model, also the negative dip in the directional autocorrelation function as observed in the experiments. The analytical solution of the model demonstrates that alternating speeds enhance a cells ability to explore its environment as compared to a bacterium moving at a constant intermediate speed. As compared to the bulk fluid, for cells swimming near a solid boundary we observed an increase in swimming speed at distances below d= 5 micrometer and an increase in average angular velocity at distances below d= 4 micrometer. While the average speed was maximal with an increase around 15% at a distance of d= 3 micrometer, the angular velocity was highest in closest proximity to the boundary at d=1 micrometer with an increase around 90% as compared to the bulk fluid. To investigate the swimming behavior in a confinement between two solid boundaries, we developed an experimental setup to acquire three-dimensional trajectories using a piezo driven objective mount coupled to a high speed camera. Results on speed and angular velocity were consistent with motility statistics in the presence of a single boundary. Additionally, an analysis of the probability density revealed that a majority of cells accumulated near the upper and lower boundaries of the microchannel. The increase in angular velocity is consistent with previous studies, where bacteria near a solid boundary were shown to swim on circular trajectories, an effect which can be attributed to a wall induced torque. The increase in speed at a distance of several times the size of the cell body, however, cannot be explained by existing theories which either consider the drag increase on cell body and flagellum near a boundary (resistive force theory) or model the swimming microorganism by a multipole expansion to account for the flow field interaction between cell and boundary. An accumulation of swimming bacteria near solid boundaries has been observed in similar experiments. Our results confirm that collisions with the surface play an important role and hydrodynamic interactions alone cannot explain the steady-state accumulation of cells near the channel walls. Furthermore, we monitored the number growth of cells in the microchannel under medium rich conditions. We observed that, after a lag time, initially isolated cells at the surface started to grow by division into colonies of increasing size, while coexisting with a comparable smaller number of swimming cells. After 5:50 hours, we observed a sudden jump in the number of swimming cells, which was accompanied by a breakup of bigger clusters on the surface. After approximately 30 minutes where planktonic cells dominated in the microchannel, individual swimming cells reattached to the surface. We interpret this process as an emigration and recolonization event. A number of complementary experiments were performed to investigate the influence of collective effects or a depletion of the growth medium on the transition. Similar to earlier observations on another bacterium from the same family we found that the release of cells to the swimming phase is most likely the result of an individual adaption process, where syntheses of proteins for flagellar motility are upregulated after a number of division cycles at the surface.
Korrelation zwischen der genetischen und der funktionellen Diversität humaner Bitterrezeptoren
(2013)
Der Mensch besitzt ~25 funktionelle Bitterrezeptoren (TAS2R), die für die Wahrnehmung potenziell toxischer Substanzen in der Nahrung verantwortlich sind. Aufgrund der großen genetischen Variabilität der TAS2R-Gene könnte es eine Vielzahl funktionell unterschiedlicher TAS2R-Haplotypen geben, die zu Unterschieden der Bitterwahrnehmung führen. Dies konnte bereits in funktionellen Analysen und sensorischen Studien für einzelne Bitterrezeptoren gezeigt werden. In dieser Arbeit wurden die häufigsten Haplotypen aller 25 Bitterrezeptoren verschiedener Ethnien funktionell charakterisiert. Das Ziel war eine umfassende Aussage über die funktionelle Diversität der TAS2Rs, die die molekulare Grundlage für individuelle Bitterwahrnehmung bildet, treffen zu können. Fehlende Varianten wurden aus genomischer DNA kloniert oder durch gezielte Mutagenese bereits vorhandener TAS2R-Konstrukte generiert. Die funktionelle Analyse erfolgte mittels Expression der TAS2R-Haplotypen in HEK293TG16gust44 Zellen und anschließenden Calcium-Imaging-Experimenten mit zwei bekannten Agonisten. Die Haplotypen der fünf orphanen TAS2Rs wurden mit über hundert Bitterstoffen stimuliert. Durch die gelungene Deorphanisierung des TAS2R41 in dieser Arbeit, wurden für die 21 aktivierbaren TAS2Rs 36 funktionell-unterschiedliche Haplotypen identifiziert. Die tatsächliche funktionelle Vielfalt blieb jedoch deutlich hinter der genetischen Variabilität der TAS2Rs zurück. Neun Bitterrezeptoren wiesen funktionell homogene Haplotypen auf oder besaßen nur eine weltweit vorherrschende Variante. Funktionell heterogene Haplotypen wurden für zwölf TAS2Rs identifiziert. Inaktive Varianten der Rezeptoren TAS2R9, TAS2R38 und TAS2R46 sollten die Wahrnehmung von Bitterstoffen wie Ofloxacin, Cnicin, Hydrocortison, Limonin, Parthenolid oder Strychnin beeinflussen. Unterschiedlich sensitive Varianten, besonders der Rezeptoren TAS2R47 und TAS2R49, sollten für Agonisten wie Absinthin, Amarogentin oder Cromolyn ebenfalls zu phänotypischen Unterschieden führen. Wie für den TAS2R16 bereits gezeigt, traten Haplotypen des funktionell heterogenen TAS2R7 und TAS2R41 ethnien-spezifisch auf, was auf lokale Anpassung und verschiedene Phänotypen hinweisen könnte. Weiterführend muss nun eine Analyse der funktionell-variablen TAS2Rs in sensorischen Tests erfolgen, um ihre phänotypische Relevanz zu prüfen. Die Analyse der funktionsmodulierenden Aminosäurepositionen, z.Bsp. des TAS2R44, TAS2R47 oder TAS2R49, könnte weiterführend zum besseren Verständnis der Rezeptor-Ligand- und Rezeptor-G-Protein-Interaktion beitragen.
Galaxy clusters are the largest known gravitationally bound objects, their study is important for both an intrinsic understanding of their systems and an investigation of the large scale structure of the universe. The multi- component nature of galaxy clusters offers multiple observable signals across the electromagnetic spectrum. At X-ray wavelengths, galaxy clusters are simply identified as X-ray luminous, spatially extended, and extragalactic sources. X-ray observations offer the most powerful technique for constructing cluster catalogues. The main advantages of the X-ray cluster surveys are their excellent purity and completeness and the X-ray observables are tightly correlated with mass, which is indeed the most fundamental parameter of clusters. In my thesis I have conducted the 2XMMi/SDSS galaxy cluster survey, which is a serendipitous search for galaxy clusters based on the X-ray extended sources in the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue (2XMMi-DR3). The main aims of the survey are to identify new X-ray galaxy clusters, investigate their X-ray scaling relations, identify distant cluster candidates, and study the correlation of the X-ray and optical properties. The survey is constrained to those extended sources that are in the footprint of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in order to be able to identify the optical counterparts as well as to measure their redshifts that are mandatory to measure their physical properties. The overlap area be- tween the XMM-Newton fields and the SDSS-DR7 imaging, the latest SDSS data release at the starting of the survey, is 210 deg^2. The survey comprises 1180 X-ray cluster candidates with at least 80 background-subtracted photon counts, which passed the quality control process. To measure the optical redshifts of the X-ray cluster candidates, I used three procedures; (i) cross-matching these candidates with the recent and largest optically selected cluster catalogues in the literature, which yielded the photometric redshifts of about a quarter of the X-ray cluster candidates. (ii) I developed a finding algorithm to search for overdensities of galaxies at the positions of the X-ray cluster candidates in the photometric redshift space and to measure their redshifts from the SDSS-DR8 data, which provided the photometric redshifts of 530 groups/clusters. (iii) I developed an algorithm to identify the cluster candidates associated with spectroscopically targeted Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) in the SDSS-DR9 and to measure the cluster spectroscopic redshift, which provided 324 groups and clusters with spectroscopic confirmation based on spectroscopic redshift of at least one LRG. In total, the optically confirmed cluster sample comprises 574 groups and clusters with redshifts (0.03 ≤ z ≤ 0.77), which is the largest X-ray selected cluster catalogue to date based on observations from the current X-ray observatories (XMM-Newton, Chandra, Suzaku, and Swift/XRT). Among the cluster sample, about 75 percent are newly X-ray discovered groups/clusters and 40 percent are new systems to the literature. To determine the X-ray properties of the optically confirmed cluster sample, I reduced and analysed their X-ray data in an automated way following the standard pipelines of processing the XMM-Newton data. In this analysis, I extracted the cluster spectra from EPIC(PN, MOS1, MOS2) images within an optimal aperture chosen to maximise the signal-to-noise ratio. The spectral fitting procedure provided the X-ray temperatures kT (0.5 - 7.5 keV) for 345 systems that have good quality X-ray data. For all the optically confirmed cluster sample, I measured the physical properties L500 (0.5 x 10^42 – 1.2 x 10^45 erg s-1 ) and M500 (1.1 x 10^13 – 4.9 x 10^14 M⊙) from an iterative procedure using published scaling relations. The present X-ray detected groups and clusters are in the low and intermediate luminosity regimes apart from few luminous systems, thanks to the XMM-Newton sensitivity and the available XMM-Newton deep fields The optically confirmed cluster sample with measurements of redshift and X-ray properties can be used for various astrophysical applications. As a first application, I investigated the LX - T relation for the first time based on a large cluster sample of 345 systems with X-ray spectroscopic parameters drawn from a single survey. The current sample includes groups and clusters with wide ranges of redshifts, temperatures, and luminosities. The slope of the relation is consistent with the published ones of nearby clusters with higher temperatures and luminosities. The derived relation is still much steeper than that predicted by self-similar evolution. I also investigated the evolution of the slope and the scatter of the LX - T relation with the cluster redshift. After excluding the low luminosity groups, I found no significant changes of the slope and the intrinsic scatter of the relation with redshift when dividing the sample into three redshift bins. When including the low luminosity groups in the low redshift subsample, I found its LX - T relation becomes after than the relation of the intermediate and high redshift subsamples. As a second application of the optically confirmed cluster sample from our ongoing survey, I investigated the correlation between the cluster X-ray and the optical parameters that have been determined in a homogenous way. Firstly, I investigated the correlations between the BCG properties (absolute magnitude and optical luminosity) and the cluster global proper- ties (redshift and mass). Secondly, I computed the richness and the optical luminosity within R500 of a nearby subsample (z ≤ 0.42, with a complete membership detection from the SDSS data) with measured X-ray temperatures from our survey. The relation between the estimated optical luminosity and richness is also presented. Finally, the correlation between the cluster optical properties (richness and luminosity) and the cluster global properties (X-ray luminosity, temperature, mass) are investigated.
In this work, the development of temperature- and protein-responsive sensor materials based on biocompatible, inverse hydrogel opals (IHOs) is presented. With these materials, large biomolecules can be specifically recognised and the binding event visualised. The preparation of the IHOs was performed with a template process, for which monodisperse silica particles were vertically deposited onto glass slides as the first step. The obtained colloidal crystals with a thickness of 5 μm displayed opalescent reflections because of the uniform alignment of the colloids. As a second step, the template was embedded in a matrix consisting of biocompatible, thermoresponsive hydrogels. The comonomers were selected from the family of oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylates. The monomer solution was injected into a polymerisation mould, which contained the colloidal crystals as a template. The space in-between the template particles was filled with the monomer solution and the hydrogel was cured via UV-polymerisation. The particles were chemically etched, which resulted in a porous inner structure. The uniform alignment of the pores and therefore the opalescent reflection were maintained, so these system were denoted as inverse hydrogel opals. A pore diameter of several hundred nanometres as well as interconnections between the pores should facilitate a diffusion of bigger (bio)molecules, which was always a challenge in the presented systems until now. The copolymer composition was chosen to result in a hydrogel collapse over 35 °C. All hydrogels showed pronounced swelling in water below the critical temperature. The incorporation of a reactive monomer with hydroxyl groups ensured a potential coupling group for the introduction of recognition units for analytes, e.g. proteins. As a test system, biotin as a recognition unit for avidin was coupled to the IHO via polymer-analogous Steglich esterification. The amount of accessible biotin was quantified with a colorimetric binding assay. When avidin was added to the biotinylated IHO, the wavelength of the opalescent reflection was significantly shifted and therefore the binding event was visualised. This effect is based on the change in swelling behaviour of the hydrogel after binding of the hydrophilic avidin, which is amplified by the thermoresponsive nature of the hydrogel. A swelling or shrinking of the pores induces a change in distance of the crystal planes, which are responsible for the colour of the reflection. With these findings, the possibility of creating sensor materials or additional biomolecules in the size range of avidin is given.
The contribution of the warm-hot intergalactic medium to the CMB anisotropies and distortions
(2013)
On Particular n-Clones
(2013)
The Semantic Web provides information contained in the World Wide Web as machine-readable facts. In comparison to a keyword-based inquiry, semantic search enables a more sophisticated exploration of web documents. By clarifying the meaning behind entities, search results are more precise and the semantics simultaneously enable an exploration of semantic relationships. However, unlike keyword searches, a semantic entity-focused search requires that web documents are annotated with semantic representations of common words and named entities. Manual semantic annotation of (web) documents is time-consuming; in response, automatic annotation services have emerged in recent years. These annotation services take continuous text as input, detect important key terms and named entities and annotate them with semantic entities contained in widely used semantic knowledge bases, such as Freebase or DBpedia. Metadata of video documents require special attention. Semantic analysis approaches for continuous text cannot be applied, because information of a context in video documents originates from multiple sources possessing different reliabilities and characteristics. This thesis presents a semantic analysis approach consisting of a context model and a disambiguation algorithm for video metadata. The context model takes into account the characteristics of video metadata and derives a confidence value for each metadata item. The confidence value represents the level of correctness and ambiguity of the textual information of the metadata item. The lower the ambiguity and the higher the prospective correctness, the higher the confidence value. The metadata items derived from the video metadata are analyzed in a specific order from high to low confidence level. Previously analyzed metadata are used as reference points in the context for subsequent disambiguation. The contextually most relevant entity is identified by means of descriptive texts and semantic relationships to the context. The context is created dynamically for each metadata item, taking into account the confidence value and other characteristics. The proposed semantic analysis follows two hypotheses: metadata items of a context should be processed in descendent order of their confidence value, and the metadata that pertains to a context should be limited by content-based segmentation boundaries. The evaluation results support the proposed hypotheses and show increased recall and precision for annotated entities, especially for metadata that originates from sources with low reliability. The algorithms have been evaluated against several state-of-the-art annotation approaches. The presented semantic analysis process is integrated into a video analysis framework and has been successfully applied in several projects for the purpose of semantic video exploration of videos.
Introduction: Intestinal bacteria influence gut morphology by affecting epithelial cell proliferation, development of the lamina propria, villus length and crypt depth [1]. Gut microbiota-derived factors have been proposed to also play a role in the development of a 30 % longer intestine, that is characteristic of PRM/Alf mice compared to other mouse strains [2, 3]. Polyamines and SCFAs produced by gut bacteria are important growth factors, which possibly influence mucosal morphology, in particular villus length and crypt depth and play a role in gut lengthening in the PRM/Alf mouse. However, experimental evidence is lacking. Aim: The objective of this work was to clarify the role of bacterially-produced polyamines on crypt depth, mucosa thickness and epithelial cell proliferation. For this purpose, C3H mice associated with a simplified human microbiota (SIHUMI) were compared with mice colonized with SIHUMI complemented by the polyamine-producing Fusobacterium varium (SIHUMI + Fv). In addition, the microbial impact on gut lengthening in PRM/Alf mice was characterized and the contribution of SCFAs and polyamines to this phenotype was examined. Results: SIHUMI + Fv mice exhibited an up to 1.7 fold higher intestinal polyamine concentration compared to SIHUMI mice, which was mainly due to increased putrescine concentrations. However, no differences were observed in crypt depth, mucosa thickness and epithelial proliferation. In PRM/Alf mice, the intestine of conventional mice was 8.5 % longer compared to germfree mice. In contrast, intestinal lengths of C3H mice were similar, independent of the colonization status. The comparison of PRM/Alf and C3H mice, both associated with SIHUMI + Fv, demonstrated that PRM/Alf mice had a 35.9 % longer intestine than C3H mice. However, intestinal SCFA and polyamine concentrations of PRM/Alf mice were similar or even lower, except N acetylcadaverine, which was 3.1-fold higher in PRM/Alf mice. When germfree PRM/Alf mice were associated with a complex PRM/Alf microbiota, the intestine was one quarter longer compared to PRM/Alf mice colonized with a C3H microbiota. This gut elongation correlated with levels of the polyamine N acetylspermine. Conclusion: The intestinal microbiota is able to influence intestinal length dependent on microbial composition and on the mouse genotype. Although SCFAs do not contribute to gut elongation, an influence of the polyamines N acetylcadaverine and N acetylspermine is conceivable. In addition, the study clearly demonstrated that bacterial putrescine does not influence gut morphology in C3H mice.
Kultur gibt den Menschen eine Orientierung. Sie machen darin ganz spezifische Erfahrungen. Hieraus entwickeln sich auch motivationale Orientierungen. Dadurch werden andere Erfahrungen gemacht, die Sportler können andere Motivation und Volition entwickeln. Dabei sind mehr kollektivistische Kulturen eher vermeidungs-motiviert und mehr individualistische Kulturen mehr erfolgsorientiert. Beim Kollektivismus erscheint die Leistungsmotivation eher unter einem sozialen Aspekt, nämlich die Auseinandersetzung mit einem Gütemaßstab, der eher von außen vorgegeben wird und weniger einem ausschließlich eigenen Maßstab. Ägypten erweist sich im Vergleich zu Deutschland als eine eher kollektivistisch geprägte Kultur. Daraus ergeben sich folgende Unterschiede: Einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen deutschen und ägyptischen Ringern gibt es in der Wettkampforientierung und bei der Sieg- bzw. Gewinn-Orientierung. Die ägyptischen Ringer habe eine höhere Ausprägung als die Deutschen. Sie weisen auch eine etwas höhere Zielorientierung auf als die Deutschen. Entgegen den Erwartungen zeigte sich, dass es keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den ägyptischen und deutschen Ringern gibt in der Variable: Sieg- bzw. Gewinn-Orientierung. Die Furcht vor Misserfolg sowie auch die Hoffnung auf Erfolg liegen höher bei den Ägyptern als bei den Deutschen. Bezogen auf die Modi der Handlungskontrolle verfügen die Deutschen Ringer über eine höher Ausprägung auf allen drei Komponenten. Sie haben eine höhere Handlungsorientierung nach Misserfolg, eine höhere Handlungsplanung sowie eine höhere Handlungstätigkeitsausführung. Diese kulturell kontrastive Studie über die psychologischen Aspekte, im Bereich der Leistungsmotivation und der Handlungskontrolle, kann für die Sportart Ringen sehr nützlich werden, da sie sehr wichtig ist beim Erkennen der sportlichen Überlegenheits- und Schwächemerkmale. Sie wiederspiegelt auch die Hochstimmung in den entwickelten Staaten oder die Misere in den anderen Staaten. Aus den interkulturellen Unterschieden in der Motivation und Volition können somit verschiedene Maßnahmen zu sportpsychologischen Interventionen entwickelt werden. Es sollte unbedingt darauf wert gelegt werden, dass die kulturell bedingten Unterschiede im Trainingsalltag beachtet werden, bei Teams, die aus Personen aus unterschiedlichen Kulturkreisen stammen.