Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (2220)
- Doctoral Thesis (342)
- Postprint (167)
- Review (30)
- Other (27)
- Conference Proceeding (14)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (13)
- Habilitation Thesis (13)
- Preprint (7)
- Part of a Book (1)
Language
- English (2834) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (2834) (remove)
Keywords
- nanoparticles (26)
- self-assembly (22)
- DNA origami (20)
- biomaterials (19)
- Nanopartikel (16)
- block copolymers (15)
- Conformational analysis (14)
- SERS (14)
- ionic liquids (14)
- fluorescence (13)
- photochemistry (13)
- polymer (13)
- Palladium (12)
- Selbstorganisation (12)
- singlet oxygen (12)
- nanostructures (11)
- polymerization (11)
- ring-opening polymerization (11)
- synthesis (11)
- Fluorescence (10)
- Ionic liquids (10)
- LIBS (10)
- Polymer (10)
- conformational analysis (10)
- crystal structure (10)
- fluorescent probes (10)
- luminescence (10)
- metathesis (10)
- NMR (9)
- NMR spectroscopy (9)
- Nanoparticles (9)
- Synthetic methods (9)
- adsorption (9)
- carbohydrates (9)
- electrochemistry (9)
- gold nanoparticles (9)
- ruthenium (9)
- thermoresponsive (9)
- water (9)
- Arenes (8)
- DFT calculations (8)
- Hydrogel (8)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (8)
- RAFT (8)
- Theoretical calculations (8)
- Through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS) (8)
- click chemistry (8)
- crystallization (8)
- isomerization (8)
- polymers (8)
- Adsorption (7)
- DNA radiation damage (7)
- FRET (7)
- Kinetics (7)
- NICS (7)
- SAXS (7)
- X-ray structure (7)
- anomalous diffusion (7)
- azobenzene (7)
- biomaterial (7)
- block copolymer (7)
- density functional calculations (7)
- dissociative electron attachment (7)
- hydrogel (7)
- ionic liquid (7)
- living cells (7)
- low-energy electrons (7)
- porous materials (7)
- potassium (7)
- shape-memory effect (7)
- surface chemistry (7)
- surfactants (7)
- Anisotropy effect (6)
- Aromaticity (6)
- Carbohydrates (6)
- Click chemistry (6)
- Dynamic NMR (6)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (6)
- Leguminosae (6)
- Oxygen heterocycles (6)
- Polymerchemie (6)
- Ring current effect (6)
- Synthese (6)
- Synthesis (6)
- X-ray (6)
- biodegradable polymers (6)
- carbon nitride (6)
- copper (6)
- crown compounds (6)
- energy storage (6)
- heterocycles (6)
- hydrogels (6)
- ion mobility spectrometry (6)
- mass spectrometry (6)
- morphology (6)
- photocatalysis (6)
- polyelectrolyte (6)
- polyzwitterion (6)
- porous carbon (6)
- quantum dots (6)
- radical polymerization (6)
- silver nanoparticles (6)
- stimuli-sensitive polymers (6)
- surface modification (6)
- surface plasmon resonance (6)
- Biomaterial (5)
- Block copolymers (5)
- Blockcopolymer (5)
- Blockcopolymere (5)
- EPR (5)
- Heterocycles (5)
- Janus emulsions (5)
- Lactams (5)
- Lactones (5)
- Metathesis (5)
- Organic Chemistry (5)
- Quantum chemical calculations (5)
- Raman spectroscopy (5)
- Ruthenium (5)
- X-ray diffraction (5)
- anthracenes (5)
- atomic force microscopy (5)
- biomineralization (5)
- catalysis (5)
- charge transfer (5)
- chitosan (5)
- copolymers (5)
- dynamic NMR (5)
- electron transfer (5)
- heteroatoms (5)
- heterogeneous catalysis (5)
- hybrid materials (5)
- manganese (5)
- membranes (5)
- metal-organic frameworks (5)
- micelles (5)
- microcontact printing (5)
- molecular rods (5)
- nanocomposite (5)
- oxidative stress (5)
- perovskite solar cells (5)
- peroxides (5)
- poly(lactic acid) (5)
- quantum chemical calculations (5)
- sensors (5)
- sodium (5)
- spectroscopy (5)
- sulfur (5)
- surface (5)
- thermoresponsive polymers (5)
- 3D printing (4)
- Antiplasmodial (4)
- Biaryls (4)
- Bioraffinerie (4)
- Chitooligosaccharides (4)
- Cross-coupling (4)
- Crystal structure (4)
- Cytotoxicity (4)
- DFT (4)
- DNA (4)
- DNA Origami (4)
- DNA strand breaks (4)
- Degradation (4)
- Density functional calculations (4)
- Elektrokatalyse (4)
- Gold nanoparticles (4)
- HPLC (4)
- ICSS (4)
- IR-MALDI (4)
- Korrosion (4)
- Langmuir monolayer (4)
- Molecular dynamics (4)
- NCA (4)
- PCA (4)
- Photochemistry (4)
- Polymers (4)
- RAFT polymerization (4)
- Raman (4)
- Structure elucidation (4)
- TSNMRS (4)
- Tenside (4)
- Water (4)
- antifouling (4)
- antiplasmodial (4)
- arenes (4)
- arsenolipids present (4)
- biomass (4)
- calcium phosphate (4)
- carbon (4)
- carbon nitrides (4)
- catalysts (4)
- cod-liver (4)
- composites (4)
- copper(II) (4)
- corrosion (4)
- cytotoxicity (4)
- degradation (4)
- dye removal (4)
- electron paramagnetic resonance (4)
- electrospinning (4)
- enzyme (4)
- fatty-acids (4)
- glucose oxidation (4)
- gold (4)
- green chemistry (4)
- hemocompatibility (4)
- hydrolysis (4)
- identification (4)
- infection pathway (4)
- iron (4)
- kinetics (4)
- lanthanides (4)
- liposomes (4)
- lower critical solution temperature (4)
- macrocycles (4)
- magnetic nanoparticles (4)
- membrane (4)
- mesenchymal stem cells (4)
- methyl orange (4)
- methylene blue (4)
- microfluidics (4)
- microgels (4)
- microparticles (4)
- models (4)
- multiblock copolymer (4)
- nachhaltige Chemie (4)
- nanolenses (4)
- nanoparticle (4)
- nanotriangles (4)
- oxidation (4)
- palladium (4)
- photooxygenation (4)
- photophysics (4)
- physiological consequences (4)
- plasmonics (4)
- poly(ethylene glycol) (4)
- polymer chemistry (4)
- polyzwitterions (4)
- poröse Materialien (4)
- proteins (4)
- radicals (4)
- selectivity (4)
- shape memory (4)
- sorption (4)
- sustainable chemistry (4)
- systems (4)
- thermoresponsiv (4)
- thin films (4)
- visible-light (4)
- water treatment (4)
- water-soluble polymers (4)
- wettability (4)
- Absorption (3)
- Alkylpyridinium salts (3)
- Antifouling (3)
- Bacteria (3)
- Base pairing (3)
- Bioelectrocatalysis (3)
- Biomasse (3)
- Biomimetic (3)
- Birch reduction (3)
- C-C coupling (3)
- Carbene ligands (3)
- Chitooligosaccharide (3)
- Chitosan (3)
- Conformational equilibrium (3)
- Copper (3)
- Cryo-SEM (3)
- Cycloaddition (3)
- Direct electron transfer (3)
- EPR spectroscopy (3)
- Electrospinning (3)
- Energiespeicher (3)
- Energy (3)
- Europium (3)
- FhuA (3)
- GIAO (3)
- Gas phase electron diffraction (3)
- HRTEM (3)
- Hyaluronic acid (3)
- Hydrogenation (3)
- Imaging (3)
- Ionic liquid (3)
- Katalyse (3)
- Kohlenhydrate (3)
- Kohlenstoff (3)
- Kohlenstoffnitriden (3)
- Kolloid (3)
- LCST (3)
- Light scattering (3)
- Magnetic properties (3)
- Mass spectrometry (3)
- Massenspektrometrie (3)
- Metallnitride (3)
- Microemulsions (3)
- Molecular dynamics simulations (3)
- Molecular modeling (3)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (3)
- NBO analysis (3)
- Nanostructure (3)
- Nanotechnology (3)
- Phase transitions (3)
- Photochemie (3)
- Photoionisation (3)
- Photokatalyse (3)
- Pickering emulsions (3)
- Platinum group metals (3)
- Polyelektrolyte (3)
- Polymere (3)
- Quantum dynamics (3)
- Rheology (3)
- SANS (3)
- Scattering (3)
- Second-Year Undergraduate (3)
- Solid-phase extraction (3)
- Spectroscopy (3)
- Sulfonamides (3)
- Surfactant micelles (3)
- Thermoresponsive (3)
- Thin film (3)
- ToF-SIMS (3)
- Trifluoromethanesulfonamide (3)
- Vesikel (3)
- Water treatment (3)
- X-ray scattering (3)
- Zinc (3)
- [4+2] cycloaddition (3)
- ab initio calculations (3)
- activated carbon (3)
- actuation (3)
- artificial muscles (3)
- assemblies (3)
- auxiliary control (3)
- batteries (3)
- binding (3)
- biorefinery (3)
- calcium (3)
- calcium carbonate (3)
- carbon dots (3)
- cell adhesion (3)
- cellulose (3)
- colloids (3)
- complexes (3)
- configuration (3)
- conformation (3)
- controlled radical polymerization (3)
- crosslinking (3)
- cycloaddition (3)
- dynamics (3)
- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (3)
- emulsion (3)
- emulsion polymerization (3)
- endothelial cells (3)
- energy transfer (3)
- enzyme catalysis (3)
- enzymes (3)
- erosion (3)
- fluorescence lifetime (3)
- fluorescent dyes (3)
- functionalization (3)
- gas adsorption (3)
- gelatin (3)
- gels (3)
- glycopolymers (3)
- graphene (3)
- green (3)
- heterogene Katalyse (3)
- heterogene Photokatalyse (3)
- heterogeneous photocatalysis (3)
- hydrogen (3)
- interfaces (3)
- inverse micelles (3)
- ionic conductivity (3)
- ionothermal synthesis (3)
- langevin equation (3)
- ligand (3)
- liquid-phase catalysis (3)
- metal nitrides (3)
- methylmercury (3)
- microemulsion (3)
- microstructure (3)
- microwave irradiation (3)
- minerals (3)
- mixtures (3)
- molecules (3)
- monomer (3)
- monomers (3)
- nanoparticle dimers (3)
- naphthalenes (3)
- nucleation (3)
- organic synthesis (3)
- organosilica (3)
- peptides (3)
- phase transfer (3)
- photoionization (3)
- photoisomerization (3)
- polyelectrolytes (3)
- polyesters (3)
- polymersomes (3)
- polysulfobetaine (3)
- probes (3)
- properties (3)
- protein adsorption (3)
- protein self-assembly (3)
- quantum dynamics (3)
- random-walks (3)
- reaction mechanisms (3)
- rearrangement (3)
- redox chemistry (3)
- reduction (3)
- reference material (3)
- regioselectivity (3)
- resonance energy-transfer (3)
- roughness (3)
- sensitivity (3)
- shape (3)
- silica (3)
- simulations (3)
- single-particle tracking (3)
- size (3)
- smart materials (3)
- sodium hydroxide etching (3)
- soft robotics (3)
- sol-gel (3)
- solubility (3)
- spider silk (3)
- stability (3)
- stereoselectivity (3)
- stokes shift (3)
- structure elucidation (3)
- supercapacitors (3)
- surface functionalization (3)
- surface-enhanced Raman scattering (3)
- sustainability (3)
- tandem reaction (3)
- tandem reactions (3)
- temperature (3)
- tetrabromidocuprate(II) (3)
- theoretical chemistry (3)
- theoretische Chemie (3)
- thermal properties (3)
- upconversion (3)
- vesicles (3)
- zinc (3)
- (Anti)aromaticity (2)
- 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (2)
- 2-Azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-ones (2)
- 3-color fret (2)
- 3-mercaptopropionic acid (2)
- 4-nitrophenol (2)
- ADMET (2)
- AFM (2)
- AOT bilayer (2)
- APCI (2)
- ATCUN motif (2)
- ATRP (2)
- Abbau (2)
- Actuation (2)
- Adsorbent (2)
- AgI (2)
- Aktuator (2)
- Alkynes (2)
- Amides (2)
- Ammoniak (2)
- Anisotropic effect (2)
- Anisotropy (2)
- Anthraquinone (2)
- Antimicrobial (2)
- Antiplasmodial activity (2)
- Arenesulfonamides (2)
- Asphodelaceae (2)
- Asteraceae (2)
- Azobenzene (2)
- Barrier to ring inversion (2)
- Beschichtungen (2)
- Bindung (2)
- Biocompatible polymers (2)
- Biomass (2)
- Biomaterials (2)
- Biomimetics (2)
- Biopolymer (2)
- Boric acid (2)
- C1N1 (2)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (2)
- Calcium phosphate (2)
- Calcium phosphates (2)
- Carbenes (2)
- Carbon (2)
- Cd-free (2)
- Cellulose (2)
- Charge transfer (2)
- Chelatoaromaticity (2)
- Cis- and trans-form (2)
- Cluster (2)
- Colloid Chemistry (2)
- Configuration (2)
- Confocal microscopy (2)
- Conformation (2)
- Copper(II) (2)
- DBD dyes (2)
- DNA damage (2)
- DNA damage response (2)
- DNA nanotechnology (2)
- DNA repair (2)
- DR-UV-Vis (2)
- Degradable (2)
- Density functional theory (2)
- Depsipeptide (2)
- Diastereoselectivity (2)
- Drug design (2)
- Dynamic NMR spectroscopy (2)
- ESR (2)
- Electrocatalysis (2)
- Electrochemistry (2)
- Electrospray ionization (2)
- Emulsion (2)
- Energy storage (2)
- Escherichia coli (2)
- Extraction (2)
- Fiber (2)
- Flavanone (2)
- Flavone (2)
- Fluorescence imaging (2)
- Fluorescent probes (2)
- Fokker-Planck equations (2)
- Formgedächtnis (2)
- Fragmentation (2)
- Functionalization (2)
- Funktionalisierung (2)
- Funktionalisierung <Chemie> (2)
- Förster resonance energy transfer (2)
- Förster-Resonanzenergietransfer (2)
- G quadruplexes (2)
- Gasadsorption (2)
- Gelatin (2)
- Glycosylation (2)
- Gold (2)
- Grenzflächen (2)
- Grüne Chemie (2)
- H-1 NMR (2)
- HDAC1 (2)
- Heck reaction (2)
- Homogeneous catalysis (2)
- Hybrid materials (2)
- Hydrocarbons (2)
- Hydrogels (2)
- Hydrothermale Karbonisierung (2)
- Hypoxia (2)
- ITC (2)
- InP (2)
- InPZnS (2)
- Interfacial tension (2)
- Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie (2)
- Ionic Liquid (2)
- Ionische Flüssigkeiten (2)
- Ionization (2)
- Ionogels (2)
- Iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSS) (2)
- Isoflavone (2)
- Janus droplets (2)
- Kaolinite (2)
- Katalysatoren (2)
- Kinetically controlled nanocrystal growth (2)
- Kohlenstoffmaterialien (2)
- Kohlenstoffnitride (2)
- Kolloidchemie (2)
- Kristallisation (2)
- LCST behavior (2)
- Langmuir monolayers (2)
- Lanthanide (2)
- Lanthanides (2)
- Laser (2)
- Laser-SNMS (2)
- Ligand design (2)
- Lignin (2)
- Lumineszenz (2)
- MS (2)
- Macrocycles (2)
- Maltose-modified PEI (2)
- Maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (2)
- Mars (2)
- Mechanical properties (2)
- Mechanism (2)
- Membrane (2)
- Mesokristalle (2)
- Metabolomics (2)
- Michael addition (2)
- Microemulsion (2)
- Microwave chemistry (2)
- Mikrofluidik (2)
- Mineralization (2)
- Mixtures (2)
- Mizelle (2)
- Mizellen (2)
- Molecular orientation (2)
- Molekulardynamik (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (2)
- Multiblock copolymer (2)
- Multiple light scattering (2)
- N ligands (2)
- N-2 reduction (2)
- NMR structure (2)
- Nanokomposite (2)
- Nanoparticle (2)
- Nanostructures (2)
- Nanostrukturen (2)
- Nanotechnologie (2)
- Natural products (2)
- Network structure (2)
- Nicotinamide (2)
- Niobium (2)
- OTDR (2)
- Oberflächenchemie (2)
- Oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) (2)
- On-demand release (2)
- Organic chemistry (2)
- Oxidation (2)
- P ligands (2)
- PEI coating (2)
- PLA (2)
- PLS regression (2)
- PLSR (2)
- Peptides (2)
- Perowskit-Solarzellen (2)
- Perylene (2)
- Pesticides (2)
- Phase morphology (2)
- Photon Density Wave spectroscopy (2)
- Photon density wave spectroscopy (2)
- Photopolymerization (2)
- Photosynthesis (2)
- Plasmodium falciparum (2)
- Plasmonik (2)
- Podanthus mitiqui (2)
- Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (2)
- Polyampholytes (2)
- Polyelectrolytes (2)
- Polyelektrolyt (2)
- Polyethyleneimine (2)
- Polymer chemistry (2)
- Polymerisation (2)
- Polypeptid (2)
- Polyzwitterion (2)
- Porous carbon (2)
- Porous silicon (2)
- Porphyrins (2)
- Process analytical technology (2)
- Protein (2)
- Push-pull character (2)
- Push-pull effect (2)
- QDs (2)
- Quantenpunkte (2)
- Quantum dots (2)
- RAFT-Polymerisation (2)
- REMPI (2)
- ROMP (2)
- RP-HPLC (2)
- RUNX2 (2)
- Rearrangement (2)
- Regeneration (2)
- Renewable resources (2)
- Ring-opening polymerization (2)
- Roots (2)
- SEM (2)
- SERS enhancement factor (2)
- SPR (2)
- Salts (2)
- Salz (2)
- Salzschmelze-Templating (2)
- Selektivität (2)
- Selenium (2)
- Self-assembly (2)
- Sensors (2)
- Shadowgraphy (2)
- Shape memory (2)
- Shape-memory (2)
- Shape-memory effect (2)
- Shape-memory polymer (2)
- Simulation (2)
- Sol-Gel (2)
- Solarzellen (2)
- Solvent effects (2)
- Solvothermal synthesis (2)
- Spektroskopie (2)
- Spin probes (2)
- Stereochemistry (2)
- Steric effect (2)
- Struktur (2)
- Sulphoxide (2)
- Supramolecular chemistry (2)
- Surface exudates (2)
- Surface functionalization (2)
- Surfactant (2)
- Surfactants (2)
- Synthesis and processing (2)
- TD-DFT (2)
- TEM (2)
- TRLFS (2)
- Taft equation (2)
- Temperature-memory effect (2)
- Tephrosia purpurea (2)
- Ti4O7 (2)
- TiO2 nanoparticles (2)
- Transmembranprotein (2)
- UV (2)
- UVR (2)
- Ultrazentrifuge (2)
- WAXS (2)
- Wasser (2)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- XPS (2)
- Zwitterionen (2)
- ab initio (2)
- absorbtion fine-structure (2)
- acids (2)
- acinar-cells (2)
- activated urethane derivatives (2)
- adduct formation (2)
- air-water interface (2)
- aldehydes (2)
- ammonia synthesis (2)
- amorphous carbon (2)
- amorphous polymers (2)
- anchor peptides (2)
- anisotropic effects (2)
- anthracene (2)
- anti-fouling materials (2)
- antimicrobial polymers (2)
- antioxidants (2)
- aptamers (2)
- aqueous dispersion (2)
- aqueous-solution (2)
- aromaticity (2)
- arsenious acid (2)
- assembly (2)
- atropisomerism (2)
- attachment (2)
- augmented-wave method (2)
- azobenzenes (2)
- betaine (2)
- biocompatibility (2)
- biomarker (2)
- biorefineries (2)
- biosensors (2)
- bladder-cancer (2)
- bone tissue engineering (2)
- boronic acid (2)
- bottlebrush copolymers (2)
- bottom-up (2)
- bottom-up fabrication (2)
- brownian-motion (2)
- cadmium-free (2)
- calcium influx (2)
- calcium phosphate hybrid material (2)
- cancer (2)
- carbohydrate derivatives (2)
- carbohydrate‐ based (2)
- carbon materials (2)
- carbon-dioxide (2)
- carbon-dioxide capture (2)
- carboxyanhydrides (2)
- carcinogen exposure (2)
- carotenoids (2)
- catalyst (2)
- cathode (2)
- cell-death (2)
- cement admixtures (2)
- cement hydration (2)
- cementitious material (2)
- charge transport (2)
- chemistry (2)
- chemoradiation therapy (2)
- chromoionophore (2)
- citric acid (2)
- cluster (2)
- clusters (2)
- co-nonsolvency (2)
- coating (2)
- coatings (2)
- cobalt nanoparticles (2)
- cockroach salivary-glands (2)
- colloid (2)
- coloring agents (2)
- composite materials (2)
- concrete (2)
- construction (2)
- controlled polymerization (2)
- copolymerization (2)
- copper complex (2)
- copper-bearing minerals (2)
- coumarins (2)
- critical solution temperature (2)
- cross-linking (2)
- cryo-electron microscopy (2)
- cryogel (2)
- crystal structures (2)
- crystallization behavior (2)
- crystals (2)
- cyclic voltammetry (2)
- cytosine methylation (2)
- damage (2)
- dendrimers (2)
- density functional theory (2)
- detector development (2)
- diazo compounds (2)
- diblock copolymers (2)
- dielectric spectroscopy (2)
- dienes (2)
- diimine-complexes (2)
- dimerization (2)
- dimerization of 4-nitrothiophenol (2)
- dip-coating (2)
- disulfide (2)
- dna coiling (2)
- donor-acceptor systems (2)
- drug delivery system (2)
- drug discovery (2)
- drugs (2)
- dye (2)
- dye adsorption (2)
- dye mixture (2)
- dyes/pigments (2)
- dynamic HPLC (2)
- electrocatalysis (2)
- electrolytes (2)
- electron dynamics (2)
- electron-transfer (2)
- electropolymerization (2)
- electrostatic interactions (2)
- elemental composition (2)
- ellipsometry (2)
- endoperoxides (2)
- enthalpy-entropy compensation (EEC) (2)
- enzyme reactions (2)
- europium (2)
- excision-repair (2)
- excitation (2)
- excited states (2)
- excluded volume (2)
- explosives (2)
- exposure (2)
- fiber Bragg gratings (2)
- fiber actuators (2)
- fiber etching (2)
- fiber-optical sensors (2)
- fibers (2)
- fish (2)
- flight search patterns (2)
- fluctuation-dissipation theorem (2)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2)
- fluorescence photobleaching recovery (2)
- fluorescent dyemonomers (2)
- foam (2)
- folding kinetics (2)
- fractional dynamics approach (2)
- frameworks (2)
- fronts (2)
- functional (2)
- g-quadruplex (2)
- gas (2)
- gas chromatography (2)
- gas permeation (2)
- gas sensing (2)
- gas-phase (2)
- gaussian processes (2)
- gene-expression (2)
- gene-regulation kinetics (2)
- genomic dna methylation (2)
- germacrane sesquiterpene lactone (2)
- glycolipids (2)
- gold nanoparticle assembly (2)
- gold nanostructures (2)
- gold nanotriangles (2)
- grafting-from (2)
- graphite (2)
- green polymers (2)
- hela-cells (2)
- hepcidin-25 (2)
- heteroatom-doped carbons (2)
- hierarchical porosity (2)
- hierarchische Porosität (2)
- human-cells (2)
- hybrid perovskites (2)
- hydrogen bonds (2)
- hydrogenation (2)
- hydrophilic polymers (2)
- hydrothermal (2)
- hydroxyl-functional poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (2)
- iPLS regression (2)
- imidazolium (2)
- in-vitro (2)
- indicators (2)
- induced malignant-transformation (2)
- initio molecular-dynamics (2)
- inorganic perovskites (2)
- interactions (2)
- interferometry (2)
- intermittent chaotic systems (2)
- intracellular na+ (2)
- intracellular-transport (2)
- ion exchange (2)
- ion optodes (2)
- ionic liquid crystals (2)
- ionic liquid precursors (2)
- ionische Flüssigkeiten (2)
- ionogel (2)
- ionogels (2)
- ionophore (2)
- ketones (2)
- kontrollierte Polymerisation (2)
- kontrollierte radikalische Polymerisationen (2)
- lactones (2)
- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2)
- lasso (2)
- levy flights (2)
- lifetime microscopy (2)
- ligand exchange (2)
- ligands (2)
- light (2)
- light-programmable viscosity (2)
- lignocellulosic biomass (2)
- liquids (2)
- lithium-sulfur batteries (2)
- lithium-sulfur battery (2)
- lithography (2)
- low-temperature NMR spectroscopy (2)
- lower (2)
- lubricant (2)
- magnetic manipulation (2)
- magnetische Nanopartikel (2)
- magnetite nanoparticles (2)
- maleimide (2)
- marine oils (2)
- mass-spectrometry (2)
- materials science (2)
- mechanical (2)
- mechanical strength (2)
- mercaptocarboxylic acids (2)
- mesocrystals (2)
- mesoporous materials (2)
- metabolites (2)
- metal (2)
- metal complex (2)
- metal coordination (2)
- metal oxides (2)
- metal peptide (2)
- metal species (2)
- metallic nanolattices (2)
- metallopeptide (2)
- metalloprotein (2)
- methyltransferases dnmt3a (2)
- micelle (2)
- microemulsions (2)
- microporous organic polymers (2)
- microscopy (2)
- microwave synthesis (2)
- miniemulsion (2)
- modeling (2)
- modified Mannich reaction (2)
- molecular oxygen (2)
- molecular switches (2)
- molecular thermometers (2)
- molecular-mechanisms (2)
- molecularly imprinted polymers (2)
- molekulare Schalter (2)
- monolayer formation (2)
- mu-DSC (2)
- multiple light scattering (2)
- multishell (2)
- nanoclusters (2)
- nanocomposites (2)
- nanoflowers (2)
- nanoreactor (2)
- nanostructure fabrication (2)
- naphthalenophanes (2)
- naphthalimide (2)
- negative ions (2)
- neurodegenerative diseases (2)
- neurotoxicity (2)
- neutron reflectometry (2)
- nickel (2)
- nitrogen-doped carbon (2)
- nonaqueous synthesis (2)
- nonlinear optics (2)
- nutrients (2)
- oil (2)
- oligodepsipeptides (2)
- optical sensing (2)
- optical-properties (2)
- optimal control theory (2)
- organic chemistry (2)
- organic dye pigments (2)
- organic ligand (2)
- organic–inorganic hybrid (2)
- organische Synthese (2)
- oxaloacetic acid (2)
- oxygen (2)
- oxygen heterocycles (2)
- oxygen reduction reaction (2)
- oxygenation (2)
- pH-responsive (2)
- palmitoylation (2)
- paper (2)
- patchy particles (2)
- perfluorocarbon emulsion (2)
- periplaneta-americana (2)
- perovskite (2)
- phase morphology (2)
- phase-transitions (2)
- phenols (2)
- phosgene-free synthesis (2)
- photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (2)
- photochromism (2)
- photofragmentation (2)
- photoluminescence (2)
- photon density wave spectroscopy (2)
- photon-counting statistics (2)
- photonic crystals (2)
- photonic wires (2)
- photooxidation (2)
- photoswitches (2)
- pickering emulsion (2)
- plasmonic chemistry (2)
- platelets (2)
- poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (2)
- poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (2)
- poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (2)
- poly(dimethylsiloxane) (2)
- poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (2)
- poly(ionic liquid) (2)
- poly(ionic liquid)s (2)
- polyacrylamide (2)
- polyampholyte (2)
- polyampholytes (2)
- polydimethylsiloxane wrinkles (2)
- polyester (2)
- polyesterurethanes (2)
- polylactide (2)
- polymer amphiphile (2)
- polymer degradation (2)
- polymeric sensors (2)
- polypeptide (2)
- polypeptides (2)
- polypeptoids (2)
- polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (2)
- polysulfabetaine (2)
- poly‐ ε ‐ caprolactone (2)
- porosity (2)
- porous carbon materials (2)
- porous silicon (2)
- post-polymerization modification (2)
- precision agriculture (2)
- process analytical technology (2)
- protein (2)
- protein binding (2)
- protein carbonyls (2)
- protein-phenol interactions (2)
- protein-polymer conjugate (2)
- proximal soil sensing (2)
- purity (2)
- quantum chemistry (2)
- racemization (2)
- radiation therapy (2)
- radiosensitizers (2)
- rare earth elements (2)
- rat (2)
- ratiometric (2)
- reaction monitoring (2)
- reactive oxygen species (2)
- reactivity (2)
- recognition (2)
- recombinant protein (2)
- redox polymers (2)
- renewable resources (2)
- repair (2)
- resistive heating (2)
- resonant formation (2)
- responsive polymers (2)
- responsive systems (2)
- reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (2)
- reversible shape-memory actuator (2)
- review (2)
- rheology (2)
- ringöffnende Polymerisation (2)
- rp-hplc (2)
- salt (2)
- salt melt templating (2)
- salts (2)
- samples (2)
- scale (2)
- self-assembled monolayers (2)
- self-healing (2)
- separation (2)
- sequence dependence (2)
- sers (2)
- shape-memory (2)
- shape-memory polymer (2)
- shape-memory polymers (2)
- shape‐memory polymer actuators (2)
- silica nanoparticles (2)
- single-molecule analysis (2)
- single-strand breaks (2)
- sodium green (2)
- soft actuators (2)
- soft-templating (2)
- soil (2)
- soil nutrients (2)
- solar cells (2)
- solvatochromism (2)
- solvent effect (2)
- sortase-mediated ligation (2)
- spatial-organization (2)
- spectroscopic ellipsometry (2)
- spent coffee (2)
- spiked and crumble gold nanotriangles (2)
- step (2)
- stereocomplexation (2)
- stereoselective-synthesis (2)
- strand breakage (2)
- structure (2)
- substituent effects (2)
- sulfur host (2)
- supercapacitor (2)
- superparamagnetic (2)
- supported gold (2)
- supramolecular chemistry (2)
- surface interaction (2)
- surfaces (2)
- switches (2)
- synthetic biology (2)
- system (2)
- tandem solar cells (2)
- tannic acid (2)
- tetrapyrroles (2)
- thermo-responsive polymers (2)
- thermochemistry (2)
- thermodynamics (2)
- thermoplastics (2)
- thermoresponsive Polymere (2)
- thermoresponsive materials (2)
- thermoresponsive polymer (2)
- thermosensitive (2)
- thimerosal (2)
- thio-dimethylarsinic acid (2)
- thrombogenicity (2)
- tight-binding (2)
- time random-walks (2)
- time-dependent configuration interaction (2)
- tin-rich ITO (2)
- transition (2)
- transmembrane protein (2)
- triangular-[4] phenylene (2)
- trivalent (2)
- ultra-fast laser inscription (2)
- ultrafast (2)
- undulated (2)
- upconversion nanoparticles (2)
- upper critical solution temperature (2)
- ventricular myocytes (2)
- vesicle (2)
- vitro toxicological characterization (2)
- wavelength (2)
- weak ergodicity breaking (2)
- wrinkled stamps (2)
- yolk@shell materials (2)
- zwitterionic group (2)
- zwitterions (2)
- "Reactive Flux" Ratenkonstanten (1)
- "Spacer"-Gruppe (1)
- "click" chemistry (1)
- "water-in-salt" (1)
- (+)-Tephrodin (1)
- (1)H NMR (1)
- (13)C NMR (1)
- (NMR) (1)
- (S)-Elatadihydrochalcone (1)
- (S)-Lupinifolin 4´-methyl ether (1)
- (TSNMRS) (1)
- ) (1)
- -Acetoxy esters (1)
- 1 (1)
- 1,1-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrosiline (1)
- 1,2,3-triazoles (1)
- 1,2,4-Dithiazole (1)
- 1,2-Disulfonamides (1)
- 1,2-Dithiole (1)
- 1,2-Dithiosquarate,1,2-Dithiosquaratonickelate (1)
- 1,2-diboretane-3-ylidene (1)
- 1,2-dithiooxalate (1)
- 1,2-dithiosquarate (1)
- 1,2-dithiosquaratometalate (1)
- 1,3-Azasilinanes (1)
- 1,3-Dienes (1)
- 1,3-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-1,3-azasilinane (1)
- 1,3-Oxasilinanes (1)
- 1,4,2-Oxazasilinanes (1)
- 1,5-Dienes (1)
- 1-(Dimethylamino)-1-phenyl-1-silacyclohexane (1)
- 1-Methylthio-1-phenyl-1-silacyclohexane (1)
- 10-Methoxy-10,7 '-(chrysophanol anthrone)-chrysophanol (1)
- 1D structures (1)
- 2 (1)
- 2'-bipyridine (1)
- 2,10-Bis-(3-aminopropyloxy)dibenzo[aj]perylene-8,16-dione (1)
- 2,2-Disubstituted adamantane derivatives (1)
- 2-Alkylidene-4-oxothiazolidine (1)
- 2-Dicyanoethene-1 (1)
- 2-Dithiooxalate (1)
- 2-Dithiosquarate (1)
- 2-Hydroxyethylammonium 1-R-indol-3-ylsulfanylacetates (1)
- 2-Substituted adamantane derivatives (1)
- 2-Thiodisaccharide (1)
- 2-Thiodisaccharides (1)
- 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phoshphate aldolase (1)
- 2-dithiolate (1)
- 2-oxazoline (1)
- 2D films (1)
- 2D material (1)
- 2D materials (1)
- 2D-LC-MS/MS (1)
- 2D-Material (1)
- 2P cross section (1)
- 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline (1)
- 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene (1)
- 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (1)
- 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran (1)
- 3,6-Diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes (1)
- 3,8-Diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (1)
- 3-Fluoro-3-methyl-3-silatetrahydropyran (1)
- 3-Hydroxyisoflavanone (1)
- 3-Oxo-14 alpha, 15 alpha-epoxyschizozygine (1)
- 3-Silatetrahydropyrans (1)
- 3-silathianes (1)
- 3D (1)
- 3D electrode structures (1)
- 3D flower superstructures (1)
- 3D printed flow-cell (1)
- 3D structure (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 3c,2e-bonding (1)
- 4 (1)
- 4'-Bis(tert-butyl)-2 (1)
- 4,4 '-Bis(tert-butyl)-2,2 '-bipyridine (1)
- 4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiasiline (1)
- 4-Nitrophenol (1)
- 4-Oxothiazolidine (1)
- 4-Substituted cyclohexanones (1)
- 4-methylene-cyclohexyl pivalate (1)
- 4-silapiperidines (1)
- 4-silathianes (1)
- 4D NOESY (1)
- 4D-actuation (1)
- 5'-neolignane (1)
- 5-Hexadecanoylaminofluorescein (1)
- 5-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione 5,8-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione (1)
- 6 alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-toxicarol (1)
- 6-Mercaptopurine (1)
- 6-disilamorpholines (1)
- 8 (1)
- 8-oxohobartine (1)
- 9-Arylfluorenes (1)
- A-values of COOAr on cyclohexane (1)
- ABC triblock copolymer (1)
- ACC (1)
- ADC(2) (1)
- ADMET polymerization (1)
- ALTONA equation (1)
- AM1 calculations (1)
- AOT (1)
- AOT/BDAC micelles (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Ab initio MO computations (1)
- Ab initio quantum chemical methods and calculations (1)
- Ab-initio calculations (1)
- Acetone process (1)
- Acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases (1)
- Acids (1)
- Activation parameters (1)
- Actuator (1)
- Actuators (1)
- Additive (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Additivity of conformational energies (1)
- Adipocyte (1)
- Adsorbatschwingungen (1)
- Adsorption isotherm (1)
- Adsorption kinetic (1)
- Adsorption models (1)
- Adsorption of uremic toxins (1)
- Adsorptionsaktivität (1)
- Aerogele (1)
- Aerogels (1)
- Aerophobicity (1)
- African medicinal plants (1)
- Afrikanische Heilpflanzen (1)
- Ag nanoparticles (1)
- Ag/peptide@SiO(2) nanostructures (1)
- AgAu alloy nanoparticles (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aggregation (1)
- Air bubble repellence (1)
- Aktivierungsentropie (1)
- Alcohols (1)
- Aldehyde oxidase (1)
- Aldehydes (1)
- Aldol condensation (1)
- Alkenes (1)
- Alkenyl cyclohexanone (1)
- Alkenyl cyclohexenone (1)
- Alkylation (1)
- Alkylpyridinium-Salze (1)
- All-Carbon-Kompositen (1)
- Allylamides (1)
- Allylic compounds (1)
- Allylic oxidation (1)
- Aloe secundiflora (1)
- Aloesaponarin I (1)
- Alternating polyampholytes (1)
- Alumina (1)
- Aluminiumlegierung (1)
- Aluminiumoberfläche (1)
- Amin (1)
- Amine (1)
- Amines (1)
- Amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (1)
- Amino acids (1)
- Aminonaphthol (1)
- Aminonaphthols (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Ammonia (1)
- Amphiphile (1)
- Amphiphiles (1)
- Amphiphilic diblock copolymers (1)
- Amphiphilic polymers (1)
- Analogies/Transfer (1)
- Analysis scattering kernel (1)
- Analytische Ultrazentrifugation (1)
- Angle-dependent X-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Anionic surfactant (1)
- Anisotrope Kolloide (1)
- Anisotropic gold nanoplatelets (1)
- Annelation effect (1)
- Annulation (1)
- Anode (1)
- Anodes (1)
- Anomerization (1)
- Anserine (1)
- Anthracene (1)
- Anti-HIV (1)
- Anti-Plasmodial activity (1)
- Anti-aromaticity (1)
- Anti-inflammatory (1)
- Antibody (1)
- Antibody binding (1)
- Anticancer (1)
- Antifouling surfaces (1)
- Antikörper-Färbung (1)
- Antileishmanial (1)
- Antimalarial drug detection (1)
- Antimalarial plants (1)
- Antimicrobial activities (1)
- Antimicrobial activity (1)
- Antioxidant (1)
- Antiretroviral drugs (1)
- Antiviral (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Aptamer (1)
- Arabica coffee (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Aristotelia chilensis (1)
- Aromatic compounds (1)
- Aromatic or quinonoid (1)
- Artemisinin (1)
- Aryllithium compounds (1)
- Assemblierung (1)
- Assignment of stereochemistry (1)
- Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (1)
- Atropisomerism (1)
- Atropselecrivity (1)
- Au nanoarrays (1)
- Au-Pd nanorods (1)
- Aufarbeitung von Fruktose (1)
- Aufkonversion (1)
- Auger electron spectroscopy (1)
- Automated data evaluation (1)
- Axial chirality (1)
- Azadironolide (1)
- Azobenzol (1)
- B,N heterocycles (1)
- B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) calculations (1)
- B3LYP/6-311++G** (1)
- BBTP (1)
- Ball milling (1)
- Bariumtitanat (1)
- Barrier to rotation about C-N bond (1)
- Basis sets (1)
- BeWo b30 (1)
- Beer mashing (1)
- Benetzung (1)
- Bentonite clay (1)
- Benzazepine (1)
- Benzenoid structure (1)
- Benzenoid structures (1)
- Benzoboroxol (1)
- Benzoic acid esters (1)
- Benzyne-allene or cumulene-like structure (1)
- Berry Phase (1)
- Berry-Phase (1)
- Beschallung (1)
- Beschichtungsanwendung (1)
- Beta-Lactoglobulin (1)
- Betaines (1)
- Betulin (1)
- Biflavonoid (1)
- Bifunctional catalysts (1)
- Binding assay (1)
- Binding pocket position (1)
- Bio-inspired mineralization (1)
- Bioactive surfaces (1)
- Biobased Polymers (1)
- Biobasierte Polymere (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Bioconjugation (1)
- Biohybrid-Membran (1)
- Bioinspiration (1)
- Bioinspired (1)
- Biokompatibilität (1)
- Biokonjugate (1)
- Biokonjugation (1)
- Biological Sciences (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomasseverwertung (1)
- Biomaterialien (1)
- Biomimetic sensors (1)
- Biomimetik (1)
- Biomineralisation (1)
- Biomineralisierung (1)
- Biomineralization (1)
- Biomodification (1)
- Biomolecular interactions (1)
- Biomolecules coupling (1)
- Biophysical chemistry (1)
- Biopolymer material (1)
- Biopolymers (1)
- Biorefinery (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosensoren (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Birth Weight (1)
- Block Copolymer (1)
- Block-Copolymere (1)
- Block-copolymer (1)
- Blockcopolymervesikel (1)
- Bombyx mori silk (1)
- Bone repair material (1)
- Books (1)
- Born-Oppenheimer MD (1)
- Boron exposure (1)
- Boronsäure (1)
- Bottom-up fabrication (1)
- Bound states (1)
- Bragg coherent x-ray diffractive imaging (1)
- Breakthrough (1)
- Breakthrough curve (1)
- Breakthrough time (1)
- Brewster angle microscopy (1)
- Brewsterwinkel-Mikroskopie (1)
- Brownian motion (1)
- Bulbine frutescens (1)
- Bulk-mediated diffusion (1)
- C (1)
- C-13 (1)
- C-13 NMR (1)
- C-13 NMR spectroscopy (1)
- C-13 chemical shift (1)
- C-13 chemical shift difference Delta delta(C C) (1)
- C-13 chemical shifts (1)
- C-C Bindungsknüpfung (1)
- C-C bond formation (1)
- C-H activation (1)
- C-reactive (1)
- C-reactive protein (1)
- C. bonducella (1)
- C2N (1)
- C3N (1)
- C3N5 (1)
- C?H oxidation (1)
- CAL-72 osteoblasts (1)
- CAM-B3LYP (1)
- CC2 calculations (1)
- CH center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds (1)
- CN (1)
- CN materials (1)
- CN-Materialien (1)
- CO 2 reduction reaction (1)
- CO2 capture (1)
- CO2-Abscheidung (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CXNY (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calciumcarbonat (1)
- Campylobacter jejuni (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Car-Parrinello (1)
- Carbamoyl tetrazoles (1)
- Carbazole (1)
- Carbene or zwitterions (1)
- Carbohydrate (1)
- Carbohydrate mimics (1)
- Carbon materials (1)
- Carbonitrides (1)
- Carbonization (1)
- Carboxyfluorescein (1)
- Carboxylic -acids (1)
- Carboxyrhodamine (1)
- Carica papaya seeds (1)
- Cartilage repair (1)
- Carvotacetones (1)
- Cassiamin A (1)
- Cassiamin B (1)
- Castor oil (1)
- Catalysis (1)
- Catalysts (1)
- Catalytic reaction (1)
- Cation exchange Capacity (1)
- Cationic surfactants (1)
- Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (1)
- Ce/Zr (1)
- Celastraceae (1)
- Cell engineering (1)
- Cell staining (1)
- Cellular uptake (1)
- Cer Ammonium Nitrat (CAN) (1)
- Cereals (1)
- Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) (1)
- Ceroxid (1)
- Chalkogenide (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Chelates (1)
- Chelation effect (1)
- Chemical Sensors (1)
- Chemical Synthesis (1)
- Chemical calculations (1)
- Chemical dynamics (1)
- Chemical shift assignment (1)
- Chemie (1)
- Chemische Synthese (1)
- Chemotaxonomy (1)
- Chiral auxiliaries (1)
- Chiral dopants (1)
- Chiralität <Chemie> (1)
- Chitinase (1)
- Chitolectins (1)
- Chitolektine (1)
- Chitosanase (1)
- Chlorophyll b (1)
- Cholesterin (1)
- Chromatographie (1)
- Chromophores (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1)
- Cinnamylidene acetic acid (1)
- Citrazinsäure (1)
- Claisen rearrangement (1)
- Classical MD (1)
- Clay-polymer nanocomposite - CPN (1)
- Click Chemistry (1)
- Cluster chemistry (1)
- Cluster model (1)
- Co-Nonsolvency (1)
- Co-expression (1)
- Coating Applications (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Cobalt Nanopartikeln (1)
- Coffee beans (1)
- Coherences (1)
- Coherent states (1)
- Collaborative/Cooperative Learning (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Collagen-binding peptide (1)
- Collagenase (1)
- Collision cross-section (1)
- Colloidal lithography (1)
- Composite adsorbents (1)
- Composite hydrogels (1)
- Composites (1)
- Computational chemistry (1)
- Condensed thiazolidines (1)
- Confinement (1)
- Conformation analysis (1)
- Conformational equilibria (1)
- Conical Intersections (1)
- Contact angle (1)
- Continuum properties (1)
- Controlled polymer synthesis (1)
- Controlled polymerization (1)
- Coordination modes (1)
- Coordination polymers (1)
- Copolymere (1)
- Copper Metal Complexes (1)
- Copper(II) complexes (1)
- Core-shell-corona micelles (1)
- Correlation function (1)
- Corylus avellana L. (1)
- Coumaronochromone (1)
- Coumestan (1)
- Counterions (1)
- Cross coupling (1)
- Cross-coupling reactions (1)
- Cross-metathesis (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Cryo-TEM (1)
- Crystal and molecular structure (1)
- Crystal packing (1)
- Crystal structures (1)
- Crystallization (1)
- Crystallography (1)
- CsPbI3 (1)
- Cu doped InP (1)
- Cu-dotiertes InP (1)
- CuO (1)
- Curriculum (1)
- Cyanine/merocyanine-like structures (1)
- Cyclazines (1)
- Cyclic GMP (1)
- Cyclobutylcarbene (1)
- Cyclodienes (1)
- Cyclohexyl esters (1)
- Cyclophanes (1)
- Cyclotella (1)
- Cytochrome C (1)
- C− H activation (1)
- D. melleri (1)
- DBD (1)
- DELLA (1)
- DFT and MP2 calculations (1)
- DFT and MP2 simulation (1)
- DFT calculation (1)
- DFT theoretical calculations (1)
- DFTB3 (1)
- DLS (1)
- DMSO (1)
- DNA Nanostrukturen (1)
- DNA Schädigung (1)
- DNA complexation (1)
- DNA copolymers (1)
- DNA nanostructures (1)
- DNA origami nanoantennas (DONA) (1)
- DNA origami nanostructures (1)
- DNA polyplexes (1)
- DNA recognition (1)
- DNA release (1)
- DNA-Origami (1)
- DNA-PEI polyplexes (1)
- DNS (1)
- DOHaD (1)
- DOPA (1)
- DSC (1)
- Dalbergia melanoxylon (1)
- Dark reactions (1)
- Dative vs. coordinative NHC -> BR3 bond (1)
- Debus-Radziszewski polymerization (1)
- Decontamination (1)
- Decorin (1)
- Defects (1)
- Defektchemie (1)
- Defekte (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Dehydration (1)
- Dehydro[n]annulenes (1)
- Delta-Kohn Sham method (1)
- Delta-Kohn-Sham (1)
- Density-matrix (1)
- Densityfunctional theory (1)
- Deoxyfructosazin (1)
- Dependent light scattering (1)
- Depolymerization (1)
- Depth profiling (1)
- Derris trifoliata (1)
- Design (1)
- Designed Biointerfaces (1)
- Designte Biointerface (1)
- Desorption (1)
- Desorption kinetics (1)
- Desymmetrization (1)
- Detektor (1)
- Detektor-Entwicklung (1)
- Detektorentwicklung (1)
- Detergents (1)
- Diagnostics (1)
- Diaminomaleonitrile (1)
- Diamondoide (1)
- Dianellin (1)
- Diastereomers assignment (1)
- Diatom (1)
- Diazonium salts (1)
- Dichtematrixtheorie offener Systeme (1)
- Dielectric properties (1)
- Differential mobility analysis (DMA) (1)
- Differentielle Mobilitätsanalyse (DMA) (1)
- Diffusion processes (1)
- Diffusionsbarriere (1)
- Dihydrobenzofurane (1)
- Dihydroxyaceton (1)
- Dilatations-Viskoelastizität (1)
- Dimensionsstabilität (1)
- Dimer (1)
- Dimeric anthraquinone (1)
- Diode laser (1)
- Discrete variable representation (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Dissipation-Decoherence (1)
- Dissipation-Dekohärenz (1)
- Dissoziation (1)
- Dissoziative Elektronenanlagerung (1)
- Distance (1)
- Distance Learning (1)
- Disulfide (1)
- Diterpenoid (1)
- Docking (1)
- Docking study (1)
- Dodonaea angustifolia (1)
- Domino reactions (1)
- Doping (1)
- Doppelschichtstruktur (1)
- Doppelstrangbruch (1)
- Doppelt hydrophile Blockcopolymere (1)
- Double exponential model (1)
- Drop morphology (1)
- Drop profile analysis tensiometry (1)
- Drug Delivery (1)
- Drug loading (1)
- Drug metabolism (1)
- Dual Scale Factors (1)
- Dual scale factors (1)
- Dual-Responsiveness (1)
- Dynamic H-1-NMR (1)
- Dynamic HPLC (1)
- Dynamic equilibrium (1)
- Dynamic light scattering (1)
- Dynamik der Adsorption (1)
- E. coli (1)
- E. schliebenii (1)
- EIS (1)
- ERF (1)
- ESI (1)
- ESI-MS (1)
- ESR spectroscopy (1)
- Ecological risk assessment (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- Einkapselung (1)
- Einkristalle (1)
- Einzelatomkatalyse (1)
- Einzelmoleküldetektion (1)
- Einzelstrangbruch (1)
- Eisen (1)
- Eisen-Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhrchen-Katalysatoren (1)
- Electro-synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer (1)
- Electroactive Conjugated Polymer (1)
- Electrochemical impedance (1)
- Electrochemical sensor (1)
- Electrodeposition (1)
- Electron dynamics (1)
- Electronic materials (1)
- Electrosensing (1)
- Electrospray Ionization (1)
- Electrostatic effects (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Elektrolytempfindlichkeit (1)
- Elektronendynamik (1)
- Elektronenkorrelation (1)
- Elektronentomographie (1)
- Elektrospinnen (1)
- Ellipsometry (1)
- Emulsification (1)
- Emulsion Polymerization (1)
- Emulsion destabilization (1)
- Emulsionen (1)
- Emulsions (1)
- Emulsionspolymerisation (1)
- Enantioselectivity (1)
- Enegieanwendungen (1)
- Energiespeichermechanismus (1)
- Energieumwandlung (1)
- Energy Applications (1)
- Energy transfer (1)
- Energy-transfer probe (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Enzymatic degradation (1)
- Enzymatic milk coagulation (1)
- Enzymatic polymer degradation (1)
- Enzyme catalysis (1)
- Enzymes (1)
- Equilibrium (1)
- Equilibrium constants (1)
- Equisetum hyemale (1)
- Erneuerbare Ressourcen (1)
- Ethers (1)
- European pear (1)
- Eutectic mixture (1)
- Excimer (1)
- Exciplex (1)
- Excited state proton transfer (1)
- Excited-state calculations; (1)
- External mass transfer (1)
- Extracellular Matrix (1)
- Extraction system development (1)
- Extrazelluläre Matrix (1)
- F(4)TCNQ (1)
- F-19 (1)
- F-C coupling constants (1)
- F12 methods (1)
- FAPbBr(3) (1)
- FLIM (1)
- FLNS (1)
- FSH (1)
- Fabry-Perot etalon (1)
- Falten (1)
- Farbstoff (1)
- Faser (1)
- Fastener (1)
- Fatty acids (1)
- Ferrofluid (1)
- Festkörperstruktur (1)
- Festphasensynthese (1)
- Fettsäure (1)
- Fettsäuren (1)
- Fiber-optical spectroscopy (1)
- Field flow fractionation (1)
- Filtration (1)
- First-Year Undergraduate/General (1)
- Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (1)
- Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese (1)
- Fixed bed (1)
- Flavonoids (1)
- Flexible linker (1)
- Fluorchemie (1)
- Fluorescence anisotropy (1)
- Fluorescence correlation (1)
- Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescence life time (1)
- Fluorescence lifetime (1)
- Fluorescence lifetime probes (1)
- Fluorescent dyes (1)
- Fluorescent nanoconjugate (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Fluorierte Blockcopolymere (1)
- Fluoroassay (1)
- Fluorpolymere (1)
- Flüssig-/flüssig-Grenzflächen (1)
- Flüssigkeitszerstäubung (1)
- Flüssigphasenkatalyse (1)
- Formate (1)
- Formation constant (1)
- Formgedächtnispolymer (1)
- Formic acid (1)
- Formose (1)
- Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) (1)
- Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system (1)
- Forster resonance energy transfer(FRET) (1)
- Fourier-transform infrared (1)
- Freistehende Membranen (1)
- Frequenzaufkonversion (1)
- Fruit quality (1)
- Function by design (1)
- Functional groups (1)
- Functional organic materials (1)
- Funktionalisierung von Katalysatoren (1)
- Furans (1)
- Fusarium proliferatum (1)
- Fusicoccane diterpenes (1)
- Fällungsreaktion (1)
- G-quadruplexes (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GIAO calculations (1)
- GIXD (1)
- GOIP (1)
- GP2 isoform alpha (1)
- Gadolinium (1)
- Games; (1)
- Gas chromatography (1)
- Gas phase (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gas-phase electron diffraction (1)
- Gas-sorption (1)
- Gaseous Ions (1)
- Gaspermeation (1)
- Gate-effects (1)
- Gel polymer (1)
- Gelatin-chitosan composites (1)
- Gelatin-chitosan scaffolds (1)
- Gelatine (1)
- Gele (1)
- Gelieren (1)
- Generalized Langevin oscillator model (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Gestational diabetes (1)
- Gleichgewicht der Adsorption (1)
- Glucose (1)
- Glukose Oxidation (1)
- Glukoseoxidation (1)
- Glycol podands (1)
- Glycopeptoid (1)
- Glycoproteins (1)
- Glycosidation (1)
- Glycosides (1)
- Glycosylierung (1)
- Glykochemie (1)
- Glykogele (1)
- Glykokonjugat (1)
- Glykokonjugate (1)
- Glykolipide (1)
- Glykomonomer (1)
- Glykopeptid (1)
- Glykopolymer (1)
- Glykopolymer-Elektrolyt (1)
- Glykopolymere (1)
- Glykoproteine (1)
- Glykosylierung (1)
- Gold cluster (1)
- Gold nanostructure (1)
- Gold nanotriangles (1)
- Gold surface (1)
- Gold surfaces (1)
- Gold triangles (1)
- Gold-Kohlenstoff-Katalysatoren (1)
- Goldnanopartikel (1)
- Grafting-from polymerization (1)
- Graphen (1)
- Graphene derivates (1)
- Graphene oxide (1)
- Graphitic carbon nitride (1)
- Green Chemistry (1)
- Green rust (1)
- Green synthesis (1)
- Grenzfläche Lösung/Tetradecan (1)
- Grenzflächenaktivität (1)
- Grenzflächenchemie (1)
- Gripper (1)
- Grotthuss mechanism (1)
- Group Transfer polymerisation (1)
- Guatemala (1)
- H-1 (1)
- H-1 NMR spectroscopy (1)
- H. pubescens (1)
- H2O2 (1)
- HAART (1)
- HALS (1)
- HER (1)
- HIV (1)
- HMF oxidation (1)
- Halogenation (1)
- Halogenid-Perowskite (1)
- Hammett-Brown plots (1)
- Hapten (1)
- Hard carbons (1)
- Hard sphere model in the Percus-Yevick Approximation (1)
- Health (1)
- Heavy metal ions (1)
- Heck coupling (1)
- Heck reactions (1)
- Helicen (1)
- Hemiporphyrazines (1)
- Heparin (1)
- Hepatic clearance (1)
- Hepcidin (1)
- Heptazine (1)
- Herbicide (1)
- Heteroatom Doping (1)
- Heteroatom-Dotierung (1)
- Heteroatom-Modifikation (1)
- Heteroatom-dotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- Heterophase Polymerization (1)
- Heterophasenpolymerisation (1)
- Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (1)
- Hexagons and nanorods (1)
- High School/Introductory Chemistry (1)
- High-cell-density culture (1)
- High-harmonic generation (1)
- High-power lasers (1)
- High-resolution spectrometer (1)
- High-throughput (1)
- Highly functionalized dimeric triglycerides (1)
- Histone deacetylases (1)
- Hofmeister (1)
- Hofmeister effect (1)
- Hohlkugeln (1)
- Hollow Spheres (1)
- Holzmodifikation (1)
- Human donor blood (1)
- Human sulfite oxidase (1)
- Humic acid (1)
- Humic substances (1)
- Humor (1)
- Humor/Puzzles/Games (1)
- Hyaluronsäure (1)
- Hybrid clay (1)
- Hybrid material (1)
- Hybrid materials synthesis (1)
- Hydroborierung (1)
- Hydrogel disks (1)
- Hydrogel microparticles (1)
- Hydrogel microspheres (1)
- Hydrogele (1)
- Hydrogelen (1)
- Hydrogen Bonds (1)
- Hydrogen Production (1)
- Hydrogen activation (1)
- Hydrogen bonds (1)
- Hydrogen peroxide (1)
- Hydrogen sulfide (1)
- Hydrogen-bonding (1)
- Hydrogenolyse (1)
- Hydrolyse (1)
- Hydrolytic degradation (1)
- Hydrolytic stability (1)
- Hydrophobic (1)
- Hydrophobin (1)
- Hydrophobizität (1)
- Hydrothermal Carbonization (1)
- Hydrothermal carbonisation (1)
- Hydrothermalkohle (1)
- Hydrotrope (1)
- Hydroxyapatit (1)
- Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (1)
- Hydroxyl (1)
- Hydroxymethylfurfural (1)
- Hypertension (1)
- Hyphenated techniques (1)
- Hypoestes verticillaris (1)
- Hypoosmotic stress (1)
- IFT (1)
- IMS (1)
- IR and Raman spectra (1)
- IR excitation (1)
- IR-Anregung (1)
- ISA (1)
- Ibuprofen (1)
- Imidazolate Frameworks Potsdam (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Imidazolium (1)
- Immobilization (1)
- Immunoactive properties (1)
- In situ (1)
- In situ coating (1)
- In vivo imaging system (IVIS) (1)
- In vivo-in vitro correlation (1)
- In-line monitoring (1)
- In-situ neutron reflectivity (1)
- InP nanowires (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (IR-MALDI) (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Ink (1)
- Insulating films (1)
- Interchain interactions (1)
- Interfacial capacitance (1)
- Interfacial equilibrium (1)
- Internet (1)
- Interphase behavior (1)
- Intracellular bacteria (1)
- Ion exchange (1)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) (1)
- Ionen (1)
- Ionenmigration (1)
- Ionenmobilitäts-Berechnungen (1)
- Ionenmobilitätspektrometrie (1)
- Ionenmobilitätsspektrometry (IMS) (1)
- Ionic conductivity (1)
- Ionic monomers (1)
- Ionic selectivity (1)
- Ionic strength (1)
- Ionisationspotential (1)
- Ionisierungsenergie (1)
- Ionogel (1)
- Iron (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Iron/silver microflowers (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Iso-chemical shielding surfaces (ICSS) (1)
- Isocyanates (1)
- Isoflavanones (1)
- Isoflavonoide (1)
- Isolations (1)
- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (1)
- Isotherme Titrationskalorimetrie (1)
- Isothermen (1)
- Isothiocyanic acid (1)
- Isotope detection (1)
- Isotope effect (1)
- Isotope exchange (1)
- Isotope ratios (1)
- Jahn-Teller distortion (1)
- Janus (1)
- Janus drops (1)
- Janus emulsion (1)
- Journals (1)
- Karbonisierung (1)
- Karbonnitrid Ionothermalsynthese (1)
- Katalysator (1)
- Kathode (1)
- Kenusanone F 7-methyl ether (1)
- Keramik (1)
- Kern-Schale Aufkonvertierende Nanopartikel (1)
- Kerndynamik (1)
- Kernspin-Statistiken (1)
- Ki67 (1)
- Kinetic analysis (1)
- Kinetic model (1)
- Kinetik (1)
- Klassiche Simulationen (1)
- Kleinwinkelstreuung (1)
- Klick-Chemie (1)
- Klickchemie (1)
- Kniphofia foliosa (1)
- Knipholone cyclooxanthrone (1)
- Koaleszenz (1)
- Kohlenmaterialien (1)
- Kohlenstoff-Nanopunkte (1)
- Kohlenstoff-Punkte (1)
- Kohlenstoffe auf Biomasse-Basis (1)
- Kohlenstoffmaterial (1)
- Kohlenstoffnitrid (1)
- Kohlenstoffnitrid (CN) (1)
- Kohlenstoffträger (1)
- Kol (1)
- Kollagen (1)
- Kollagenase (1)
- Komplexe (1)
- Komposite (1)
- Kompositmaterial (1)
- Konformationsänderungen (1)
- Konischen Durchschneidungen (1)
- Koordinationskomplexe (1)
- Korrelationsfunktion (1)
- Kraft lignin hydrogenolysis (1)
- Kraftlignin (1)
- Kraftsensoren (1)
- Kristallisation von Dünnschichten (1)
- Kryo-Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- L-929 fibroblasts (1)
- L-Cysteine (1)
- L-selectin (1)
- LC composites (1)
- LC polymer (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LCST and UCST (1)
- LCST und UCST (1)
- LC−MS/MS (1)
- LED (1)
- LH (1)
- LSPR (1)
- Lactose (1)
- Ladung Transport (1)
- Lake Peten-Itza (1)
- Langmuir Monoschicht (1)
- Langmuir layers (1)
- Langmuir monolayer degradation technique (1)
- Langmuir technique (1)
- Langmuir thin-films (1)
- Langmuir-Schaefer method (1)
- Langmuir-Schafer films (1)
- Langmuir-Schäfer-Methode (1)
- Lannea rivae (1)
- Lannea schweinfurthii (1)
- Lanthanide ions (1)
- Lanthano (1)
- Lanthanoide (1)
- Laponite (1)
- Large Stokes shifts (1)
- Large Stokes-shifts (1)
- Large-size (1)
- Laser ablation (1)
- Laser induced desorption (1)
- Laser ionization (1)
- Laser-Carbonization (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- Laserinduzierte Inkandeszenz (LII) (1)
- Laserinduzierte Plasmaspektroskopie (LIBS) (1)
- Laserkarbonisierung (1)
- Laserpulse (1)
- Lasers (1)
- Lattice Boltzmann methods (1)
- Layer-by-Layer Glykopolymerbeschichtung (1)
- Layer-by-layer (1)
- Learning/Chemistry Education Research (1)
- Lectin (1)
- Legierungen (1)
- Leishmania (1)
- Lektin (1)
- Levoglucosenol (1)
- Levy flights (1)
- Li-Ionen-Akkus (1)
- Li-Ionen-Kondensator (1)
- Li-S (1)
- Li-S batteries (1)
- Li-S-Batterien (1)
- Li-ion batteries (1)
- Li-ion capacitor (1)
- LiFePO4 (1)
- Ligation (1)
- Light-harvesting complex II (1)
- Lignane (1)
- Lignans (1)
- Limonoid (1)
- Linienspannung (1)
- Lipid domain (1)
- Lipide (1)
- Liquid chromatography (1)
- Liquid dispersion (1)
- Liquids (1)
- Lithiophilizität (1)
- Lithium ion battery (1)
- Lithium-Ionen-Kondensatoren (1)
- Lobelia tupa (1)
- Local density friction approximation (1)
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Low field MRI (1)
- Low temperature NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Low-temperature C-13 and Si-29 NMR (1)
- Low-temperature NMR (1)
- Low-temperature d-NMR (1)
- Lucigenin (1)
- Luminescence (1)
- Luminescence spectroscopy (1)
- Lupinifolin (1)
- Lysophosphatidylcholine (1)
- Lysotrackers (1)
- Lysozyme (1)
- Lävulinsäure (1)
- Löschung (1)
- Lösungsmittel (1)
- Lösungsmittel-thermisches Tempern (1)
- Lösungsmitteleffekte (1)
- Lösungsprozess (1)
- M062X/6-311G** calculations (1)
- MACE (1)
- MALDI-ToF MS (1)
- MAPbX3 (1)
- MD simulations (1)
- MOF-derived catalysts (1)
- MP2 (1)
- MP2 and CCSD(T) calculations (1)
- MP2 calculations (1)
- MQAE (1)
- MSDA (1)
- Macrocyclic li-gands (1)
- Macromolecular architecture (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Magnetic (1)
- Magnetic composites (1)
- Magnetic-responsive (1)
- Magnetisch (1)
- Magnetit Nanopartikel (1)
- Magnetite (1)
- Magnetite and gold nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetite nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetite-gold nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetization measurements (1)
- Magnetotactic bacteria (1)
- Main text (1)
- Makrozyklen (1)
- Malaria (1)
- Male (1)
- Mammea usambarensis (1)
- Mammea-type coumarins (1)
- Manganese (1)
- Manipulation of Emulsion Stability (1)
- Marangoni flow (1)
- Marangoni-Fluss (1)
- Markov processes (1)
- Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Mass transfer (1)
- Mass transfer zone (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Materialwissenschaft (1)
- Matrix IR spectrum (1)
- Matrix metalloproteinase (1)
- Matrix-unterstützte Laser-Desorption/Ionisation (IR-MALDI) (1)
- Matsuda-Heck reaction (1)
- Maytenus boaria (1)
- Maytenus disticha (1)
- Maytenus spp. (1)
- Melt crystallization (1)
- Membranforschung bzw. Membranwissenschaften (1)
- Mesh size (1)
- Mesh ultra-thin layer (1)
- Mesomeric equilibrium of carbene/zwitterion (1)
- Mesomerism (1)
- Mesopores (1)
- Mesoporosity (1)
- Mesoporosität (1)
- Mesoporous materials (1)
- Mesoporöse Materialien (1)
- Metal Chalcogenides (1)
- Metal complexation (1)
- Metal-free polymerization (1)
- Metal-proton exchange reaction (1)
- Metalation (1)
- Metall (1)
- Metall-organische Gerüste (1)
- Metallcarbide (1)
- Metallchalkogenide (1)
- Metallnitrid-Kohlenstoff Komposite (1)
- Metallorganischen (1)
- Metalloxide (1)
- Methacrylat (1)
- Methacrylate (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methanogens (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Micr (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Microindentation (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Microparticles Reagentless assay (1)
- Microperoxidase (1)
- Micropolarity (1)
- Micropollutants (1)
- Micropores (1)
- Microporosity (1)
- Microstructure (1)
- Microviscosity (1)
- Mikroemulsion (1)
- Mikroemulsionen (1)
- Mikrogel-Array (1)
- Mikrogele (1)
- Mikrogelketten (1)
- Mikrogelstränge (1)
- Mikrokapseln (1)
- Mikrokontaktdruck (1)
- Mikrotomographie (1)
- Mikrowellensynthese (1)
- Millettia dura (1)
- Millettia dura; (1)
- Millettia lasiantha (1)
- Millettia leucantha (1)
- Millettia micans (1)
- Millettia oblata ssp teitensis (1)
- Miniaturized cultivations (1)
- Miniemulsion (1)
- Mitochondrial ROS (1)
- Mixed-valent compounds (1)
- Mizellbildung (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modified Mannich reaction (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Modified polymer resin (1)
- Modifizierung von Polymeren (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Molecular Collisions (1)
- Molecular Probe (1)
- Molecular biophysics (1)
- Molecular diversity (1)
- Molecular dynamics simulation (1)
- Molecular dynamics with friction (1)
- Molecular interaction design (1)
- Molecular rod (1)
- Molecular rods (1)
- Molecular structure (1)
- Molecular weight (1)
- Molecules (1)
- Molekulare Kollisionen (1)
- Molybdoenzymes (1)
- Monolayer (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monomers (1)
- Monoschicht (1)
- Monte Carlo (1)
- Monte-Carlo (1)
- Morpholindione (1)
- Morphologie von Kapseln (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Multi-Wellenlängen (1)
- Multi-drug resistance (1)
- Multi-method (1)
- Multiblock Copolymer (1)
- Multiblock copolymers (1)
- Multicompartment micelles (1)
- Multifunctional polyester networks (1)
- Multifunctionality (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Mundulea sericea (1)
- Muonic molecules (1)
- Muschelnachahmend (1)
- Mycotoxins (1)
- N (1)
- N-2 fixation (1)
- N-Alkylglycin (1)
- N-acetyl cysteine (1)
- N-acetyl glucosamine derivatives (1)
- N-alkyl-glycine (1)
- N-azobenzylchitosan (1)
- N-butylpyridinium bromide (1)
- N-carboxyanhydrid (1)
- N-carboxyanhydride (1)
- N-doped carbon (1)
- N-dotierter Kohlenstoff (1)
- N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) (1)
- N-methylnicotinamide (1)
- N-triflyl guanidines (1)
- N-unsubstituted (primary)S-thiocarbamates (1)
- N-unsubstituted(primary)O-thiocarbamates (1)
- N2 fixation (1)
- N2-Fixierung (1)
- NBO and STERIC analyses (1)
- NBO/NCS analysis (1)
- NHC (1)
- NHCs (1)
- NICE-2014 (1)
- NIPAAm (1)
- NTF (1)
- Na+ homeostasis (1)
- Na+-K+-2Cl(-) cotransporter (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nano-bioextractant (1)
- Nanocrystal growth (1)
- Nanofiber (1)
- Nanofibers (1)
- Nanofluidik (1)
- Nanohybrid (1)
- Nanokapseln (1)
- Nanokomposit (1)
- Nanolinsen (1)
- Nanoparticles, Adhesion, Interfaces, Bubble, Imaging (1)
- Nanopartikeln (1)
- Nanopartikeln-Anordnung (1)
- Nanoplastik (1)
- Nanoplättchen (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Nanosensor (1)
- Nanospindeln (1)
- Nanostructured (1)
- Nanostruktur (1)
- Nanotoxicity (1)
- Nanotriangle stacking and welding (1)
- Nanotriangles (1)
- Naphthoquinone (1)
- Naphthoxazinoquinazolines (1)
- Naphthoxazinoquinazolinones (1)
- Naphthyridine receptor (1)
- Naphthyridines (1)
- Natrium-Ionen-Akkumulator (1)
- Natrium-Ionen-Batterie (1)
- Naturstoff (1)
- Nauclea diderrichii (1)
- Navicula perminuta (1)
- Near infra-red (1)
- Near infrared (1)
- Near infrared light triggered shape-recovery (1)
- Negative Poisson’s ratio (1)
- Negative control (1)
- Negatives Poisson-Verhältnis (1)
- Neuroleptics (1)
- Neutron spin echo (1)
- Neutron spin-echo spectroscopy (1)
- Neutron tomography (1)
- Neutronen Diffraktion (1)
- Neutronen Reflektometrie (1)
- Ni nanodots (1)
- Ni-O4 electrocatalysts (1)
- Ni2F5 (1)
- Nichtlineare Spektroskopie (1)
- Nichtwässrige Synthese (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Nickel oxide (1)
- Nickel-Kohlenstoff-Katalysatoren (1)
- Nitrogen Physisorption (1)
- Nitroxides (1)
- Noble carbon (1)
- Non-CYP enzymes (1)
- Non-adiabatic transitions (1)
- Non-destructive (1)
- Nonadiabatic effects (1)
- Nonenzymatic (1)
- Nontarget terrestrial plants (1)
- Novozym 435 (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear-Spin-Statistics (1)
- Nucleophilic addition (1)
- Nucleotide nanosensor (1)
- Nukleation (1)
- Nukleierung (1)
- Numerical propagation (1)
- OER (1)
- OH suppression (1)
- OLED (1)
- ORMOCER (R) (1)
- ORR (1)
- Oberflächen (1)
- Oberflächenkräfte (1)
- Oberflächenmodifikation (1)
- Oberflächenmodifizierung (1)
- Oberflächenpotential (1)
- Oberflächentopografie (1)
- Oberfächen (1)
- Occupation quotient pi*/pi (1)
- Olefin Metathese (1)
- Olefin isomerization (1)
- Olefin metathesis (1)
- Olefin self- and cross-metathesis (1)
- Oligo(ethylene glycol) (1)
- Oligo(omega-pentadecalactone) (1)
- Oligodepsipeptide (1)
- Oligoglycerols (1)
- Oligomere (1)
- Oligomers (1)
- Oligosaccharides (1)
- On-demand Freisetzung (1)
- One-cycle laser pulses (1)
- Open Source (1)
- Open quantum systems (1)
- Optical fiber (1)
- Optical oxygen sensor (1)
- Optical parameter set (1)
- Optical sensor (1)
- Optimale Kontrolltheorie (1)
- Ordering transitions (1)
- Organic electrode (1)
- Organic photovoltaic Cell (1)
- Organic structure (1)
- Organische Photovoltaikzelle (1)
- Organo-Silikate (1)
- Organocatalytic polymerization (1)
- Organogel (1)
- Organosilica (1)
- Ormocarpum kirkii (1)
- Oscillating Bubble (1)
- Oxalat-Fällung (1)
- Oxidkeramik (1)
- Oxo-Kohlenstoff (1)
- Oxygen sensing (1)
- PARAFAC (1)
- PCM (1)
- PDA (1)
- PDLLGA (1)
- PDMS surface grafting (1)
- PEG brushes (1)
- PEG-Funktionalisierung (1)
- PEG6000 (1)
- PHA-depolymerases (1)
- PHEMA (1)
- PISA (1)
- PMS activation (1)
- POF; Reliabilität; Abbau; Chemilumineszenz (1)
- POF; reliability; degradation; chemiluminescence (1)
- PQQ-GDH (1)
- PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (1)
- PZT (1)
- Packaging (1)
- Palladium ion (1)
- Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of arenediazonium salts with organoindium or organobismuth reagents (1)
- Paratope (1)
- Partial least squares regression (PLSR) (1)
- Particle shape (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Pastillation (1)
- Patchy Partikel (1)
- Pd catalysis (1)
- Pear (1)
- Pendant drop tensiometry (1)
- Penicillium digitatum (1)
- Pentylsedinine (1)
- Peptid (1)
- Peptid-Polymer-Konjugate (1)
- Peptide (1)
- Peptide coating (1)
- Peptiden (1)
- Percolation (1)
- Peripheral ring current (1)
- Perovskite (1)
- Perovskites (1)
- Perowskit (1)
- Perowskit Solarzellen (1)
- Perowskit Vorläuferstadien (1)
- Perowskite (1)
- Perylen (1)
- Phagocytosis (1)
- Phantoms (1)
- Phasenübergang (1)
- Phasenübergänge (1)
- Phenols (1)
- Phenylacetylide (1)
- Phenylanthraquinone (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Phosphate recovery (1)
- Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C 32:1 (1)
- Phospholipid (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphorescence lifetime (1)
- Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (1)
- Photochemische Reaktionen (1)
- Photodesorption (1)
- Photodynamics (1)
- Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- Photoinduced optical anisotropy (1)
- Photoinitiierte Polymerisationen (1)
- Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy (1)
- Photopolymer (1)
- Photopolymers (1)
- Photoresponsive polymers (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Physical Crosslinking (1)
- Physical Network (1)
- Physical chemistry (1)
- Physikalische Vernetzung (1)
- Pi interactions (1)
- Pickering Emulsion (1)
- Pickering interfacial catalysis (1)
- Piperidine alkaloid (1)
- Plant Material (1)
- Plant community model (1)
- Plant reproduction (1)
- Plasmid DNA production (1)
- Platelet (1)
- Platycelphium voense (1)
- Platyisoflavanone (1)
- Pleistocene (1)
- Pleurotus ostreatus (1)
- Plume (1)
- Pluronics (1)
- Polar effect (1)
- Polar substituent constant (1)
- Polarization elements (1)
- Poly vinyl alcohol (1)
- Poly(2-oxazoline) (1)
- Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamid) (1)
- Poly(N-Isopropylmethacrylamid) (1)
- Poly(N-Vinylisobutyramid) (1)
- Poly(allyl alcohol)s (1)
- Poly(carbonate-urea-urethane)s (1)
- Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) networks (1)
- Poly(ether imide) (1)
- Poly(ionic liquid) (1)
- Poly(ionische Flüssigkeit) (1)
- Poly(lactic acid) (1)
- Poly(n-butyl acrylate) (1)
- Poly(trimethylsilylpropyne) matrix (1)
- Poly(ε-caprolacton) (1)
- Poly-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes (1)
- Poly-epsilon-caprolactone (1)
- PolyNIPAM (1)
- Polyaromatic fragments (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polyeste r (1)
- Polyester (1)
- Polyesterurethane (1)
- Polyether (1)
- Polyether ether ketone (1)
- Polyethylene imine (1)
- Polyglycin (1)
- Polyimides (1)
- Polykondensation (1)
- Polylactid (1)
- Polylactide stereocomplex (1)
- Polymer Modification (1)
- Polymer architecture (1)
- Polymer capped gold nanoparticles (1)
- Polymer dispersions (1)
- Polymer functionalization (1)
- Polymer micronetwork colloids (1)
- Polymer network properties (1)
- Polymer networks (1)
- Polymer physics (1)
- Polymer-clay composite (1)
- Polymer-coating (1)
- Polymer-modified surfaces (1)
- Polymeric substrate (1)
- Polymerization (1)
- Polymerized ionic liquids (1)
- Polymernetzwerk (1)
- Polymerphysik (1)
- Polymers on surfaces (1)
- Polymersynthese (1)
- Polymertenside (1)
- Polymilchsäure (1)
- Polyolefin (1)
- Polypeptide (1)
- Polypeptoid (1)
- Polypeptoide (1)
- Polypeptoids (1)
- Polyplexes (1)
- Polystyrene-divinylbenzene (1)
- Polysulfobetaine (1)
- Porosimetry (1)
- Porous (1)
- Porous poly(ether imide) microparticulate absorbers (1)
- Porous scaffold (1)
- Poröse Materialien (1)
- Poröser Kohlenstoff (1)
- Poröser Stoff (1)
- Porösität (1)
- Post-Modifikationen (1)
- Post-polymerization modification (1)
- Potato (1)
- Precipitation (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Process (1)
- Proline (1)
- Protein Microcapsules (1)
- Protein delivery (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Protein voltammetry (1)
- Protein-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Protein-Polymer Konjugaten (1)
- Protein-Polymer-Konjugat (1)
- Protein-polymer conjugate (1)
- Proteinadsorption (1)
- Proteincharakterisierung (1)
- Proteinmikrokapseln (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Protic 2-hydroxyethylammonium ionic liquids (1)
- Proton transfer reaction (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pterocarpan (1)
- Pulse duration (1)
- Pulsed interleaved excitation (1)
- Push-pull alkynes (1)
- Push-pull allenes (1)
- Puzzles (1)
- Pyrene (1)
- Pyrimidines (1)
- QD device (1)
- QD stability (1)
- QD-Gerät (1)
- QD-Stabilität (1)
- QM/MM Molekulardynamik (1)
- QM/MM stochastic dynamics (1)
- QuEChERS (1)
- Quadratsäure (1)
- Quality (1)
- Quantenchemie (1)
- Quantendynamik (1)
- Quantendynamische Simulationen (1)
- Quantification of contrast agent (1)
- Quantum Chemical Calculations (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quantum mechanics (1)
- Quantumdots (1)
- Quasi-aromaticity (1)
- Quinonoid structure (1)
- Quotient method (1)
- Química de Coloides (1)
- RA-intramolecular hydrogen bond (1)
- RAFT dispersion polymerization (1)
- RAFT, Polymerisation (1)
- RAFT-Polymerization (1)
- RAFT/MADIX Polymerisation (1)
- RAFT/MADIX polymerization (1)
- RGD peptides (1)
- RGD-peptide (1)
- ROP (1)
- Radiative transport (1)
- Radical polymerization (1)
- Radicals (1)
- Radikalreaktionen (1)
- Radiosensibilisator (1)
- Random copolymer (1)
- Rapeseed cake (1)
- Rapeseed oil (1)
- Rare-earth elements (1)
- Reaction mechanisms (1)
- Reaction monitoring (1)
- Reaction products (1)
- Reactive adsorption (1)
- Reactive foaming (1)
- Reagents (1)
- Reaktion (1)
- Reaktionsmechanismen (1)
- Reaktionsmechanismus (1)
- Rearrangement to trithiaazapentalene (1)
- Redox chemistry (1)
- Redox polymer (1)
- Redoxchemie (1)
- Reduced scattering coefficient (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Regioselectivity (1)
- Release (1)
- Release studies (1)
- Renewable Resources (1)
- Reproductive toxicity (1)
- Rerenzmaterial (1)
- Residual dipolar couplings (1)
- Resonante Energie Transfer (1)
- Resonanz-Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- Respiration (1)
- Responsive polymers (1)
- Responsivity (1)
- Reverse microemulsions (1)
- Reversibility (1)
- Rheologie (1)
- Rhodamine 6G (1)
- Rhodium (1)
- Ring method (1)
- Ring tensiometry (1)
- Ring-current effect (1)
- Ringöffnungspolymerisation (1)
- Robotic synthesis (1)
- Robotics (1)
- Root zone processes (1)
- Rotational barriers (1)
- RuBisCO (1)
- Ruthenium complexes (1)
- Röntgenbeugung (1)
- Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- S li-gands (1)
- S ligands (1)
- SAM (1)
- SAW impedance sensor (1)
- SBFI (1)
- SDS (1)
- SDS inverse micelle (1)
- SEC-MALS (1)
- SLS (1)
- SOD (1)
- SQM FF (1)
- SQM-FF (1)
- SRG formation in polymer brushes (1)
- STM (1)
- STM-induced reactions (1)
- Saccharide Recognition (1)
- Salicylic acid (1)
- Salze (1)
- Salzschmelze (1)
- Satellite hybrid (1)
- Sauerstoff Reduktion (1)
- Sauerstoff-Reduktionsreaktion (1)
- Scaffold contraction (1)
- Scaffold degradation (1)
- Scaffold stiffness (1)
- Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) (1)
- Schaum (1)
- Schaumfilme (1)
- Schizozygane indoline alkaloid (1)
- Schizozygia coffaeoides (1)
- Schmelz (1)
- Schrodinger equation (1)
- Schwefel (1)
- Schwefelwirt (1)
- Schwingungsanregung (1)
- Schwingungsaufgelöste UV/VIS-Spektroskopie (1)
- Schwingungsspektroskopie (1)
- Science and Mathematics (1)
- Second-Year undergraduate (1)
- Seedpods (1)
- Sekundärstruktur (1)
- Selbstassemblierung (1)
- Selbstheilende Beschichtungen (1)
- Self Instruction (1)
- Semen parameters (1)
- Senecio roseiflorus (1)
- Sequence analysis (1)
- Sequence structure (1)
- Sex (1)
- Shadowgraphie (1)
- Si(111)-7x7 (1)
- Silacyclohexanes (1)
- Silaheterocyclohexanes (1)
- Silanes (1)
- Silbernanopartikel (1)
- Silica Determination (1)
- Silica sulfuric acid (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Siliciumdioxid (1)
- Silicon Content (1)
- Silika (1)
- Silika Partikel (1)
- Silver (1)
- Silver nanoparticles (1)
- Simulation of H-1 NMR spectra (1)
- Simulation of polymer XPS (1)
- Single molecule fluorescence (1)
- Single-molecule FRET (1)
- Small angle neutron scattering (1)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (1)
- Small-angle neutron scattering (1)
- Sn(IV) alkoxide (1)
- SnAr reaction (1)
- Sodium transport (1)
- Sodium-ion batteries (1)
- Soft-Templaten (1)
- Soil (1)
- Solanum tuberosum (1)
- Solar cells (1)
- Solid acid (1)
- Solid phase (1)
- Solid phase synthesis (1)
- Solid polymer electrolyte (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Solute transport (1)
- Solution phase synthesis (1)
- Solvent extraction (1)
- Solvent-free (1)
- Solvothermalsynthese (1)
- Sonication (1)
- Sophoronol-7-methyl ether (1)
- Spannungskonzentrationen (1)
- Spatial NICS (1)
- Spatially resolved spectroscopy (1)
- Spermidin (1)
- Spezies (1)
- Sphaeranthus bullatus (1)
- Spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (1)
- Spinning drop (1)
- Spiro compound (1)
- Spiro compounds (1)
- Spiropyrane (1)
- Sprengstoffe (1)
- Spritzgießen (1)
- Stabilität von Emulsionen (1)
- Stabilität von Schäumen (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Stem (1)
- Stem bark (1)
- Stereocomplex (1)
- Stereokomplex (1)
- Stereokomplexierung (1)
- Steric effects (1)
- Steric hindrance (1)
- Steric substituent constant (1)
- Stickstoff Physisorption (1)
- Stickstoffdotiert (1)
- Stickstoff‑ und Kohlenstoffhaltige Materialien (1)
- Stimuli-Sensitivität (1)
- Stimuli-responsive polymers (1)
- Stoßquerschnitt (1)
- Stress concentration (1)
- Stripping (1)
- Strontium (1)
- Structural investigations (1)
- Structure (1)
- Structure Determination (1)
- Structure revision (1)
- Strukturaufklärung (1)
- Strukturbildung (1)
- Strömungschemie (1)
- Students (1)
- Styrene (1)
- Sub-zero temperature (Celsius) (1)
- Subambient pressure (1)
- Submicron particles (1)
- Substituent chemical shifts (1)
- Substituent effects (1)
- Substrat (1)
- Substrate effect (1)
- Sulfated polymer (1)
- Sulfation (1)
- Sulfonated polyaniline (1)
- Sulfoxide (1)
- Supercapacitor (1)
- Superkondensator (1)
- Superkondensatoren (1)
- Superoxide (1)
- Superparamagnetic (1)
- Superparamagnetic magnetite (1)
- Supramolecular Interactions (1)
- Supramolecular ball structure (1)
- Supramolecular compounds (1)
- Supramolekular (1)
- Supramolekularen Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Surface Hopping Dynamik (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Surface complexes (1)
- Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface reaction (1)
- Surface relief grating (1)
- Surface removal (1)
- Surface science (1)
- Surface-initiated atom-transfer radical (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainable (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Swelling behavior (1)
- Switchable Surfactants (1)
- Switchable wettability (1)
- Synchrotron radiation XPS (1)
- Syngas Hydrogenation (1)
- Syngashydrierung (1)
- Synthesemethoden (1)
- Synthetische Biologie (1)
- T1 mapping (1)
- TBTU (1)
- TCP (1)
- TE interactions (1)
- TG/DTA (1)
- THP-1 cells (1)
- TOF-SIMS (1)
- Tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- Tandemmassenspektrometrie (1)
- Tautomerism (1)
- Teilchenbildung (1)
- Telechel (1)
- Temperaturänderungen (1)
- Templat (1)
- Template phase (1)
- Template reaction (1)
- Templated self-assembly (1)
- Templatierung (1)
- Templating (1)
- Tensid (1)
- Tephrosia aequilata (1)
- Tephrosia elata (1)
- Tephrosia subtriflora (1)
- Tephrosia villosa (1)
- Terbium (1)
- Terpurinflavone (1)
- Testosterone (1)
- Tetraoxo[8]circulenes (1)
- Tetraphenylethene Bioassay Fluorescent dye (1)
- Tetrapyrroles (1)
- Theoretical chemistry (1)
- Thermal behavior (1)
- Thermal broadening effects (1)
- Thermo-responsive (1)
- Thermo-responsive polymer (1)
- Thermochemical properties (1)
- Thermodynamische Eigenschaft (1)
- Thermomechanical history (1)
- Thermoplastic elastomer (1)
- Thermosensitivity (1)
- Thiazol-Salze (1)
- Thienopyridine (1)
- Thioether ligands (1)
- Thiol-X (1)
- Thiol-ene (1)
- Thiol-ene addition (1)
- Thiol-ene click chemistry (1)
- Thiole (1)
- Thioredoxin (1)
- Thiouracil (1)
- Threshold (1)
- Through-space NMR (1)
- Through-space NMR shielding (TSNMRS) (1)
- TiO2 (1)
- TiO2 nanotubes (1)
- Time-resolved Immunoassay (1)
- Time-resolved crystallography (1)
- Time-resolved spectroscopy (1)
- Tin octanoate (1)
- Toonacilin (1)
- Toonapubesins F (1)
- Torque (1)
- Total synthesis (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Trace elements (1)
- Transient (1)
- Transient absorption (1)
- Transition metals (1)
- Transmembrane protein (1)
- Triazin (1)
- Triblock Copolymers (1)
- Triblock-Copolymere (1)
- Trichloracetimidate (1)
- Trichloroacetimidates (1)
- Triiodide "network" (1)
- Triphilic block copolymers (1)
- Trithiapentalene (1)
- Tropfen (1)
- Tropfenoszillationen (1)
- Tropfenprofil-Analysen-Tensiometrie (1)
- Trough-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS) (1)
- Tube-like template phase (1)
- Tuber (1)
- Tubular network structure (1)
- Turbid media (1)
- Turraea nilotica (1)
- Turraea robusta (1)
- Twisted double bonds (1)
- Two-dimensional separations (1)
- Type 2 Diabetes (1)
- UV-VIS Spectroscopy (1)
- UV-Vis-NIR (1)
- UV/VIS (1)
- UVB reduction (1)
- Ugi reaction (1)
- Ultra-low (1)
- Ultradünne Filme (1)
- Ulva linza (1)
- Umweltreaktion (1)
- Untreated agricultural wastes (1)
- Upconversion luminescence (1)
- Upgrade of Fructose (1)
- Uracil (1)
- Uranyl (1)
- Uremic toxins (1)
- VEGF (1)
- Vacuum drying (1)
- Valerolacton (1)
- Vanadium pentoxide (1)
- Verbindungen auf Eisenbasis (1)
- Verdunstung (1)
- Vernetzung (1)
- Vesicle (1)
- Vesicles (1)
- Vesikel Forschung/Vesikel Studien (1)
- Vibrational states (1)
- Vibrio cholerae (1)
- Vibronic spectrum (1)
- Vinylogous N-acyliminium ion (1)
- Violaxanthin (1)
- Vis spectroscopy (1)
- Wacker reaction (1)
- Wasser auf Aluminiumoxid (1)
- Wasser/Luft Grenzflächen (1)
- Wasser/Öl-Grenzfläche (1)
- Wassergehalt (1)
- Wasseroberfläche (1)
- Wasserspaltung (1)
- Water splitting (1)
- Water vapor (1)
- Wavelength modulation gas spectroscopy (1)
- Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (laser spectroscopy) (1)
- Web-Based Learning (1)
- Weitwinkelröntgenstreuung (1)
- Winsor phases (1)
- Winterschachtelhalm (1)
- Wirkung des Ionenstärken (1)
- Wirkung des pH-Werten (1)
- Wärmetransformationsanwendungen (1)
- X-ray absorption (1)
- X-ray analysis (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- Xanthone (1)
- Xenobiotics (1)
- Y-aromaticity (1)
- Ylide (1)
- Yukawa model in the Mean Spherical Approximation (1)
- Zanthoxylum holstzianum (1)
- Zanthoxylum leprieurii (1)
- Zeitabhängige Dichtefunktionaltheorie (1)
- Zeitaufgelöste Lumineszenz (1)
- Zeitaufgelöster Immunoassay (1)
- Zell-Umwelt-Interaktionen (1)
- Zuckererkennung (1)
- Zwitterionic surfactant (1)
- [N]phenylene dyads (1)
- [N]phenylenes (1)
- a (1)
- abbaubares Polymer (1)
- absolute-configuration (1)
- absorption (1)
- acceptors (1)
- acetanilides (1)
- acid (1)
- acidic ionic liquids (1)
- acidity constants (1)
- acoustically levitated droplets (1)
- actin cytoskeleton (1)
- actinide (1)
- actinide, organic ligand, sorption, cementitious material, concrete, luminescence (1)
- activated urethane (1)
- activation entropy (1)
- active polymer (1)
- active scaffold (1)
- activity (1)
- actuator (1)
- acute pancreatitis (1)
- adamantane (1)
- addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (1)
- additive Fertigung (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- additives (1)
- adenoassociated virus (1)
- adhesive (1)
- adhesives (1)
- adsorbate vibrations (1)
- adsorption kinetics (1)
- aequichalcone A (1)
- aequichalcone B (1)
- aequichalcone C (1)
- aerogel (1)
- aggregation (1)
- air - water interface (1)
- air-water-interface (1)
- aktiviertes Urethan (1)
- akustisch schwebende Tropfen (1)
- alcohols (1)
- aldol reaction (1)
- algae cultivation (1)
- alignment (1)
- alignments (1)
- alkaloid (1)
- alkyl nitrates (1)
- alkynes (1)
- alkynol cycloisomerization (1)
- all-carbon composites (1)
- allyl alcohols (1)
- alpha,omega-Dienes (1)
- alumina (1)
- aluminum alloy (1)
- amide ligand (1)
- amides (1)
- amine (1)
- amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) (1)
- amino acids (1)
- ammonia (1)
- amorphes Calciumcarbonat (1)
- amphiphile Blockcopolymere (1)
- amphiphilic block copolymer (1)
- amphiphilic block copolymers (1)
- amphiphilic particles (1)
- amphiphilic polymer assembly (1)
- amphiphilic surface (1)
- analytical methods (1)
- analytical technology (1)
- analytical ultracentrifugation (1)
- anion substitution (1)
- anionic polymerization (1)
- anionic polymerizations (1)
- anisotropic colloids (1)
- anisotropic microgels (1)
- anisotropic structures (1)
- anode (1)
- anodes (1)
- anti-HIV (1)
- anti-fouling (1)
- anti-inflammatory therapy (1)
- anti-polyelectrolyte effect (1)
- antibodies (1)
- antibody staining (1)
- antifouling coatings (1)
- antileishmanial (1)
- antimicrobial (1)
- antimicrobial peptide (1)
- antimycobacterial activity (1)
- aqueous systems (1)
- arenediazonium salts (1)
- aridity (1)
- articulated rods (1)
- artificial cells (1)
- arylboronic acids (1)
- aryldiazonium salts (1)
- aspect-ratio (1)
- assembly capabilities (1)
- assoziative Photodesorption (1)
- astrophotonics (1)
- asymmetric (1)
- asymmetric catalysis (1)
- asymmetrisch (1)
- atmospheric effects (1)
- atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) (1)
- atomic force microscopy (AFM) (1)
- azides (1)
- azobenzene containing surfactants (1)
- azobenzene trimethylammonium bromide (1)
- bandgap (1)
- barrier to ring inversion (1)
- basement membrane (1)
- basis sets (1)
- begrenzte Polymerisation (1)
- behavior (1)
- bending stiffness (1)
- benzenoid structures (1)
- benzoboroxole (1)
- benzofurans (1)
- benzophenanthridine alkaloid (1)
- beta-(acyloxy)alkylrear (1)
- beta-dihydroagarofuran-type sesquiterpene (1)
- beta-galactosidase (1)
- beta-lactoglobulin (1)
- bicontinuous phase (1)
- bilayer (1)
- bilayer system (1)
- bio-based (1)
- bio-inspired (1)
- bio-modification (1)
- bioactive (1)
- bioaktiv (1)
- bioanalysis (1)
- bioconjugate (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- bioelectrochemistry (1)
- biofunctionalization (1)
- biohybrid membrane materials (1)
- bioinspiration (1)
- bioinspired materials (1)
- bioinstructive implants (1)
- bioinstructive materials (1)
- biological applications of polymers (1)
- biological membrane (1)
- biological membranes (1)
- biologische Membranen (1)
- biomass valorization (1)
- biomass-derived carbons (1)
- biomaterial-tissue interface (1)
- biomedical (1)
- biomimetic (chemical reaction) (1)
- biomimetics and semiconducting polymers (1)
- biopolymer (1)
- biopolymers (1)
- bioprinting (1)
- biorecognition reactions (1)
- biorelevant (1)
- biosensor (1)
- biphasic catalysis (1)
- bismuth (1)
- bleifreie Perowskit-Solarzellen (1)
- blend (1)
- block copolymer vesicles (1)
- block-copolymer (1)
- block-copolymers (1)
- blockcopolymer (1)
- blockcopolymere (1)
- blood tests (1)
- body temperature (1)
- borates (1)
- bound phenolic compounds (1)
- brewster angle microscopy (1)
- broad melting temperature range (1)
- brominated (1)
- brushes (1)
- brushite (1)
- bubble-bubble interaction (1)
- building-blocks (1)
- cGMP (1)
- cadmium (1)
- calcination (1)
- calcium carbonate biomineralization (1)
- cancer radiation therapy (1)
- capacity (1)
- capillary pressure tensiometry (1)
- capillary-active substrates (1)
- capsule morphology (1)
- carbene electron deficiency (1)
- carbene ligands (1)
- carbenes (1)
- carbohydrate derivatives (1)
- carbohydrate recognition (1)
- carbohydrate-based oxepines (1)
- carbohydrate-protein interactions (1)
- carbon fibers (1)
- carbon material (1)
- carbon nanodots (1)
- carbon supports (1)
- carbonyl-compounds (1)
- cardiac regeneration (1)
- cardiovascular disease (1)
- cardiovascular implant (1)
- carotenoid (1)
- cascade reactions (1)
- catalyst functionalization (1)
- catalytic application (1)
- catalyzed cross metathesis (1)
- catalyzed redox isomerization (1)
- catanionic surfactant bilayer (1)
- catanionic surfactants (1)
- catechol (1)
- cation miscibility (1)
- cationic ring-opening polymerization (1)
- cationic surfactants (1)
- cations (1)
- cavitation-based mechanical force (1)
- cell agglutination (1)
- cell culture device (1)
- cell cycle inhibitors (1)
- cell-environment interactions (1)
- cell-material interaction (1)
- cells (1)
- cellular uptake (1)
- ceramics (1)
- cereals (1)
- ceria (1)
- cerium oxide (1)
- cesium cation (1)
- chain azobenzene polymers (1)
- chain mobility (1)
- chain-extended (1)
- chalcogenide (1)
- chalcogens (1)
- chalcone (1)
- chelates (1)
- chemical interface damping (1)
- chemical modification (1)
- chemical synthesis (1)
- chemical vapor deposition (1)
- chemical-synthesis (1)
- chemische Sensoren (1)
- chemodosimeter (1)
- chiral carbon (1)
- chiral nanoparticles (1)
- chiral recognition (1)
- chiral sensing (1)
- chiral separation (1)
- chirale Trennung (1)
- chlorophyll (1)
- cholesteric phase (1)
- cholesteric scaffolds (1)
- chromanes (1)
- chromatography (1)
- chromenes (1)
- chromophores (1)
- chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1)
- chronic pancreatitis (1)
- ciprofloxacin (1)
- cis (1)
- cis,cis-Tricyclo[5.3.0.0(2,6)]dec-3-enes (1)
- citrate displacement (1)
- citrazinic acid (1)
- classical dynamics (1)
- classification (1)
- clay (1)
- click triazoles (1)
- cluster models (1)
- coalescence (1)
- cobamides (1)
- coexisting phases (1)
- coffee by-products (1)
- coffee phenolic compounds (1)
- coffee processing (1)
- cold (1)
- collagen (1)
- collagen-IV (1)
- colloid chemistry (1)
- colloidal aggregation (1)
- colloidal chemistry (1)
- colloidal quantum dot (1)
- colloidal quantum dots (1)
- colorimetric detection (1)
- column operation mode (1)
- comb poly(beta-myrcene)-graft-poly(l-lactide) copolymers (1)
- common species (1)
- complex (1)
- complex emulsion (1)
- composite (1)
- composite electrodes (1)
- computational chemistry (1)
- computer-based (1)
- conductive polymer (1)
- configuration interaction (1)
- configuration interactions (1)
- confined polymerization (1)
- confinement (1)
- confocal Raman microscopy (1)
- confocal raman microscopy (1)
- conformational equilibrium (1)
- conformational transitions (1)
- conformational-changes (1)
- conjugated microporous polymers (1)
- cononsolvency (1)
- continuous-flow (1)
- contrast agents (1)
- control body weight (1)
- controlled release (1)
- controlled-release (1)
- convenient synthesis (1)
- coordination bonds (1)
- coordination complexes (1)
- coordination polymer (1)
- copolymer networks (1)
- copper minerals (1)
- copper(II) halide salts (1)
- copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (1)
- core excited states (1)
- core-shell (1)
- core-shell UCNP (1)
- core-shell materials (1)
- core-shell nanoparticles (1)
- core-shell structures (1)
- correlation function (1)
- coupled-cluster (1)
- covalent frameworks (1)
- covalent organic framework (1)
- covalent organic frameworks (1)
- critical micellation temperature (1)
- cryo-electron (1)
- crystal structure prediction (1)
- crystalline (1)
- crystallinity (1)
- crystallography (1)
- ct-DNA (1)
- cyano anchor group (1)
- cyclic imines (1)
- cyclic olefin copolymer (1)
- cyclic thermomechanical testing (1)
- cyclization (1)
- cyclodextrin (1)
- cyclooligomers (1)
- cyclopropanation (1)
- cytidine (1)
- cytochrome P450 (1)
- cytoplasm (1)
- cytosolic sodium (1)
- cytotoxic (1)
- data-storage (1)
- de novo synthesis (1)
- de-novo synthesis (1)
- deacetylation (1)
- decay dynamics (1)
- dedifferentiation (1)
- deep eutectic solvents (1)
- defect chemistry (1)
- degradable (1)
- degradable polyester (1)
- degradable polymer (1)
- degradable polymers (1)
- delivery (1)
- dendritic cells (1)
- density functional theory (DFT) (1)
- deoxyfructosazine (1)
- dependent scattering (1)
- derivatives (1)
- design of experiments (1)
- deuteration (1)
- di(ethylene glycol) methy ether methacrylate (1)
- diamondoid (1)
- diazonium salts (1)
- dibenzocyclooctane (1)
- dibenzoeilatin (1)
- dibenzylbutane (1)
- diels-alder reaction (1)
- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- diffractive elements (1)
- diffusion barrier (1)
- dihydro-beta-agarofuran (1)
- dihydrobenzofurans (1)
- dihydromyricetin (1)
- dihydromyricetin-3-O-beta-glucoside (1)
- dihydroxyacetone (1)
- dilute aqueous-solutions (1)
- dimensional stability (1)
- dimer (1)
- dipole approximation (1)
- dipole-dipole interaction (1)
- direct bioelectrocatalysis (1)
- direct electron transfer (1)
- disinfection (1)
- disordered media (1)
- dispersion (1)
- dissipative dynamics (1)
- distance learning/self instruction (1)
- diversiform structures (1)
- docking (1)
- double hydrophilic block copolymers (1)
- double strand break (1)
- drop (1)
- drop and bubble coalescence (1)
- drop profile analysis tensiometry (1)
- drop-drop interaction (1)
- droplet-droplet interactions (1)
- drought (1)
- drought tolerance (1)
- drug carrier system (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug imprinting (1)
- drug sensors (1)
- dual non-covalent interactions (1)
- dual thermoresponsive (1)
- dual-frequency phase-modulation (1)
- dyes (1)
- dynamic NMR spectroscopy (1)
- dynamic interfacial tensions (1)
- dünne Filme (1)
- echinoderm skeleton (1)
- ecosystem function (1)
- effect of alkyl side chains (1)
- efficient (1)
- elastomers (1)
- electric fields (1)
- electrical resistivity tomography (1)
- electrically switchable gratings. (1)
- electrochemical sensors (1)
- electrochromism (1)
- electrode materials (1)
- electrodes (1)
- electrolyte sensitivity (1)
- electromagnetic field enhancement (1)
- electron correlation (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- electron tomography (1)
- electron-spin resonance (1)
- electronic wavepackets (1)
- electrospray ionization (1)
- electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and modeling (1)
- electrostatic assembly (1)
- electrostatics (1)
- elegans (1)
- elektroaktive Polymere (1)
- elektronische Materialien (1)
- elimination (1)
- ellipsometric mapping (1)
- emperical potential structure refinement (1)
- emulsion inversion (1)
- emulsion microscopy (1)
- emulsions (1)
- enantiomers (1)
- encapsulation (1)
- end-groups (1)
- endo-Mode cyclization (1)
- endogenous sensor proteins (1)
- endosomal escape (1)
- endothelial basement membrane (1)
- endothelization (1)
- energy conversion (1)
- energy density (1)
- energy materials (1)
- energy storage mechanism (1)
- energy-transfer (1)
- engineering (1)
- ensamblaje de nanopartículas (1)
- environmental remediation (1)
- environmental response (1)
- enzymatic degradation (1)
- enzymatic sensors (1)
- enzymatic-degradation (1)
- enzymatically active membrane (1)
- enzyme immobilization (1)
- enzyme inhibitors (1)
- enzyme-polymer conjugates (1)
- enzyme/polymer conjugate (1)
- enzymology (1)
- ephedrine/pseudoephedrine (1)
- epithelial ion transport (1)
- epoxidation (1)
- epsilon-caprolactone (1)
- equilibrium topology (1)
- escence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- escherichia-coli (1)
- esters (1)
- estructuras templadas blandas (1)
- etanercept (1)
- ethanolamine phosphate (1)
- ether methacrylates (1)
- ethers (1)
- ethylene oxide (1)
- europium complex (1)
- evaporation (1)
- evolution (1)
- exchange (1)
- excimer UV light (1)
- exciton (1)
- exo-methylene conformational effect at cyclohexane (1)
- expandierbar (1)
- expansion (1)
- extracellular matrix modifying enzymes (1)
- extracellular matrix proteins (1)
- extraction (1)
- fatty acids (1)
- fermentation (1)
- ferrocene (1)
- ferroelectricity (1)
- ferrofluid (1)
- ferromagnetic (1)
- fiber (1)
- fiber meshes (1)
- fiber optic sensors (1)
- fiber sensors (1)
- fiber spectroscopy (1)
- fiber-optical spectroscopy (1)
- fibre Bragg gratings (1)
- fibrinogen (1)
- fibroblast (1)
- field test (1)
- film tuning (1)
- films (1)
- fine-structure (1)
- first-year undergraduate/general (1)
- flavanonol (1)
- flavonoid (1)
- flavonoids (1)
- flavonol (1)
- flexibility (1)
- flow chemistry (1)
- flow photochemistry (1)
- fludarabine (1)
- fluorescence anisotropy (1)
- fluorescence enhancement (1)
- fluorescence label (1)
- fluorescence stimuli‐ responsivity (1)
- fluorinated Blockcopolymers (1)
- fluorinated olefins (1)
- fluorinated polymers (1)
- fluoroimmunoassay (1)
- fluoropolymers (1)
- fluorous chemistry (1)
- flux de Marangoni (1)
- foam films (1)
- focal adhesion (1)
- food contact material (1)
- force sensors (1)
- form stability (1)
- formal synthesis (1)
- formose (1)
- fouling release (1)
- fourier-transform spectroscopy (1)
- fractal kinetics (1)
- fractional dynamics (1)
- fulgides (1)
- fumaronitrile (1)
- function (1)
- function by structure; (1)
- functionalization of polymers (1)
- functionalized (1)
- functionalizing proteins (1)
- fungus (1)
- funktional (1)
- funktionalisiert (1)
- gadolinium (1)
- galactose-decorated monomer (1)
- galactosylceramide (1)
- galectin (1)
- galectin-3 (1)
- gas supply conditions (1)
- gas-phase reactions (1)
- gases (1)
- gelatin-based hydrogels (1)
- gelatin/chitosan hydrogel scaffold (1)
- gelation (1)
- gemini surfactant (1)
- gene silencing (1)
- generation of higher and lower harmonics (1)
- geometry (1)
- glass (1)
- glass transition (1)
- glass transition temperature (1)
- glass-transition temperature (1)
- glucose homeostasis (1)
- glucosinolates (1)
- glycals (1)
- glyco chemistry (1)
- glyco-inside nano-assemblies (1)
- glycoconjugate (1)
- glycoconjugates (1)
- glycogels (1)
- glycomaterials (1)
- glycomonomer (1)
- glycopeptide (1)
- glycopeptoid (1)
- glycopolymer (1)
- glycopolymer electrolytes (1)
- glycosynthases (1)
- gold electrodes (1)
- gold surface (1)
- gold-carbon catalysts (1)
- gold-polymer hybrid shell (1)
- gouttes (1)
- gouttes sessiles (1)
- graphene oxide (1)
- grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (1)
- groove binding (1)
- group-subgroup relations (1)
- group-subgroup relationships (1)
- grüne Chemie (1)
- habitat (1)
- halide (1)
- halide perovskite (1)
- halide perovskites (1)
- halide-ions (1)
- hazelnut cultivars (1)
- head-to-tail surfactant associates (1)
- heat measurement (1)
- heat transformation application (1)
- heiße Elektronen (1)
- helicene (1)
- helicenes (1)
- hemibond (1)
- hemodialysis (1)
- hepcidin (1)
- heptazine (1)
- heteroatom (1)
- heteroatom modification (1)
- heteroatom-dotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- heterocyclic ligand (1)
- hexafluoropropene (1)
- hierarchical pore structure (1)
- hierarchical self-assembly (1)
- hierarchical structuring (1)
- hierarchically porous carbon (1)
- hierarchische Porenstruktur (1)
- high concentrations (1)
- high energy density (1)
- high harmonic generation (1)
- high pressure (1)
- high quantum yield (1)
- high-throughput screening (1)
- hohe Energiedichte (1)
- hohe Quantenausbeute (1)
- hole array (1)
- hole scavengers (1)
- hollow microfibers (1)
- hollow nanospheres (1)
- hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (1)
- holmium(III) (1)
- holographic diffraction gratings (1)
- holography (1)
- holstzianoquinoline; (1)
- homogeneous catalysis (1)
- hot electrons (1)
- hot-electrons (1)
- human induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- human keratinocytes (1)
- human monocytic (THP-1) cells (1)
- humane Keratinozyten (1)
- humaninduzierte pluripotente Stammzellen (1)
- humic acid (1)
- hyaluronic acid (1)
- hybrid (1)
- hybrid nanomaterials (1)
- hybrid nanostructures (1)
- hybrid perovskite (1)
- hybride Nanostrukturen (1)
- hydrate formation (1)
- hydrate formation process (1)
- hydration layer (1)
- hydrogen bonding (1)
- hydrogen isotopes (1)
- hydrogen storage (1)
- hydrogen-2 (1)
- hydrolases (1)
- hydrophil (1)
- hydrophilic (1)
- hydrophilic-to-lipophilic balance (1)
- hydrophobe Moleküle (1)
- hydrophobic mismatch (1)
- hydrophobic molecules (1)
- hydrophobic uremic toxins (1)
- hydrophobicity (1)
- hydrothermal carbon (1)
- hydrothermal carbonization (1)
- hydrothermale Carbonisierung (1)
- hydrotropes (1)
- hydroxy (1)
- hydroxyapatite (1)
- hydroxycinnamic acids (1)
- hydroxyl radical (1)
- hydroyxapatite (1)
- hypothalamus (1)
- hysteresis (1)
- identity hypothesis (1)
- imaging (1)
- imidazole (1)
- imidazolium salts (1)
- imines (1)
- immobilization (1)
- immunoassay (1)
- immunosensors (1)
- impedance spectroscopy (1)
- implants (1)
- implementation (1)
- in (1)
- in situ (1)
- in situ fluorescence microscopy (1)
- in vitro (1)
- in vitro thrombogenicity testing (1)
- in-operando SAXS (1)
- in-situ (1)
- inclusion complex (1)
- incomplete surface passivation (1)
- indium (1)
- indole alkaloids (1)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- infrared: general (1)
- inhibition AChE (1)
- inhomogeneous-media (1)
- injection molding (1)
- inorganic (1)
- inorganic chemistry (1)
- instrumentation: miscellaneous (1)
- interaction potential (1)
- intercalations (1)
- interfacial dynamics (1)
- interfacial forces (1)
- interfacial recombination (1)
- intermediates (1)
- intermolecular interactions (1)
- internal membrane-membrane adhesion (1)
- interne Membran-Membran Adhäsion (1)
- intracellular pH indicator (1)
- intramolecular charge-transfer (1)
- intrinsic microporosity (1)
- inverse (1)
- inverse Opale (1)
- inverse opal (1)
- inverse opals (1)
- ion beam (1)
- ion migration (1)
- ion mobility calculations (1)
- ion selective electrode (1)
- ion transport (1)
- ionenselektive Elektrode (1)
- ionic defects (1)
- ionic polymers (1)
- ionic strength (1)
- ionic strength effect (1)
- ionische Flüssigkeit (1)
- ionischen Polymere (1)
- ionisierende Strahlung (1)
- ionization (1)
- ionization energy (1)
- ionization potential (1)
- ionizing radiation (1)
- ionothermale Synthese (1)
- ions (1)
- iron nitride (1)
- iron-based compounds (1)
- iron-carbon nanotube catalysts (1)
- isoflavonoids (1)
- isomer resolution (1)
- isomerisation (1)
- isomerism (1)
- isoprene (1)
- isotope ecology (1)
- isotope effect (1)
- isotope effects (1)
- isotope separation (1)
- janus emulsion (1)
- janus emulsions (1)
- keratin (1)
- kinetic models (1)
- kinetic of cis-trans isomerization (1)
- kinetic water transfer (1)
- kinetics (polym (1)
- kinetics (polym) (1)
- kinetics (polym.) (1)
- klassische Diffusionstheorie (1)
- klebend (1)
- kolloidaler Quantenpunkt (1)
- kolloidchemie (1)
- komplexe Emulsion (1)
- kontrollierte radikalische Polymerisation (1)
- kovalente Rahmenbedingungen (1)
- künstliche Zellen (1)
- l-cysteine (1)
- labels (1)
- labile peroxides (1)
- lactate (1)
- land use (1)
- langmuir monolayer (1)
- lanthanide (1)
- lanthanide ions (1)
- lanthanide luminescence (1)
- lanthanoid migration (1)
- laser chemistry (1)
- laser pulses (1)
- laser resonators (1)
- laser-enhanced nuclear fusion (1)
- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- laser-induced incandescence (LII) (1)
- layer-by-layer (1)
- layer-by-layer glycopolymer coating (1)
- layer-by-layer self-assembly (1)
- layer-by-layer stacking (1)
- layered compounds (1)
- lead-free perovskites (1)
- leaf wax (1)
- learning (1)
- lectin (1)
- leguminosae (1)
- levoglucosenol (1)
- levulinic acid (1)
- libraries (1)
- library (1)
- liegende Tropfen (1)
- life cycle assessment (1)
- life sciences (1)
- light scattering (1)
- lignans (1)
- lignin (1)
- linear assemblies (1)
- lipase release (1)
- lipases (1)
- lipid (1)
- lipid monolayer (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- lipids (1)
- liquid crystal (1)
- liquid crystal polymer (1)
- liquid crystalline polymer (1)
- liquid-crystal precursors (1)
- liquid-crystalline polymers (1)
- lithiophilicity (1)
- lithium ion capacitors (1)
- lithium sulfides (1)
- lithium-ion batteries (1)
- lithium-ion capacitors (1)
- living radical polymerization (LRP) (1)
- lone-pair-pi interactions (1)
- low temperature NMR spectroscopy (1)
- low-energy electron (1)
- low-temperature experiments (1)
- lupin (1)
- lösungsmittelfreie Synthese (1)
- mAb (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macroITO (1)
- macrocyclic compounds (1)
- macrosurfactants (1)
- magnesium (1)
- magnetic (1)
- magnetic-properties (1)
- magnetite (1)
- magnetosensitivity (1)
- magnetosome (1)
- magnetotactic bacteria (1)
- magnetotaktische Bakterien (1)
- maleonitrile (1)
- maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (1)
- maltosylated poly(ethyleneimine) (1)
- manganese monoxide (1)
- marine biofouling (1)
- marker compound (1)
- mass (1)
- material characterization (1)
- material science (1)
- mechanical properties (1)
- mechanical property (1)
- mechanical-properties (1)
- mechanism (1)
- medicinal mushrooms (1)
- mehrschichtige Verbindungen (1)
- melt (1)
- melt-recrystallization (1)
- melting (1)
- membrane science (1)
- meso-tetrakisphenylporphyrins (1)
- mesocrystal (1)
- mesogen mesophases (1)
- mesoporous (1)
- mesoporous carbon (1)
- mesoporös (1)
- mesostructure (1)
- metabolite markers (1)
- metal alloys (1)
- metal carbides (1)
- metal ions (1)
- metal nanoparticles (1)
- metal nitride carbon composites (1)
- metal organic framework (1)
- metal-containing ionic (1)
- metal-containing ionic liquids; (1)
- metal-free crosslinking (1)
- metal-organic mesocrystals (1)
- metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1)
- metallo-supramolecular polymers (1)
- metallocarbohydrates (1)
- metallorganischen Gerüstverbindungen (1)
- metalorganic frameworks (1)
- methacrylate (1)
- methacrylates (1)
- methane hydrate (1)
- method development (1)
- methyl cellulose (1)
- miRNA inhibitors (1)
- miRNA seed region (1)
- miRNA-Argonaute 2 protein complex (1)
- micellization (1)
- micro (1)
- micro/mesoporous (1)
- microRNA (1)
- microbial activity (1)
- microcapsules (1)
- microchip (1)
- microemulsiones (1)
- microfluidic (1)
- microgel (1)
- microgel array (1)
- microgel arrays (1)
- microgel chains (1)
- microgel strands (1)
- microgreen (1)
- microporous (1)
- microporous polymers (1)
- microscale (1)
- microsensors (1)
- microtomography (1)
- microwave (1)
- microwave chemistry (1)
- mikroporöse Polymere (1)
- mikrowellengestützte Synthese (1)
- mild reaction conditions (1)
- mimics (1)
- mineralization beneath (1)
- miscibility (1)
- miscibility gap (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitsunobu (1)
- mixed gas hydrates (1)
- mixed quantum-classical methodology (1)
- mixed-matrix membranes (1)
- modelling (1)
- modified mycotoxins (1)
- modulation (1)
- modulation of in vivo regeneration (1)
- modulus (1)
- moisture content (1)
- mold (1)
- mold fungi (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- molecular imprinted polymers (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular simulations (1)
- molecular structure (1)
- molecular weight (1)
- molecular-dynamics (1)
- molecular-reorientation (1)
- molecular-structure (1)
- monolith (1)
- morphological transformation (1)
- motif périodique (1)
- mu CT imaging (1)
- multi-compartmentalised vesicles (1)
- multi-kompartmentalisierte Vesikel (1)
- multi-mycotoxin analysis (1)
- multiblock copolymers (1)
- multicompartment micelle (1)
- multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (1)
- multifunctional biomaterials (1)
- multifunctional polymers (1)
- multilayer film (1)
- multiphoton processes (1)
- multiple emulsion preparation (1)
- multiple functions (1)
- multiresponsiv (1)
- multiresponsive (1)
- multitrophic (1)
- multivalency (1)
- multivalent ions (1)
- multiwavelength (1)
- mussel byssus (1)
- mussel-mimicking (1)
- mutants (1)
- myrcen (1)
- n-alkanes (1)
- n-heterocyclic carbenes (1)
- n-isopropylacrylamide (1)
- nAChR (1)
- nachhaltige Energiespeichermaterialien (1)
- nachwachsende Rohstoffe (1)
- nano (1)
- nano clay (1)
- nanoarray (1)
- nanobioconjugate (1)
- nanocapsules (1)
- nanocarriers (1)
- nanocomposite material (1)
- nanoestructuras (1)
- nanoestructuras híbridas (1)
- nanofillers (1)
- nanofluidics (1)
- nanohole arrays (1)
- nanoimprint (1)
- nanomedicine (1)
- nanoparticle assembly (1)
- nanoparticle characterization (1)
- nanopartículas (1)
- nanoplastic (1)
- nanoporous carbon particles (1)
- nanoporöser Kohlenstoffpartikel (1)
- nanoprisms (1)
- nanorods (1)
- nanoscale (1)
- nanosensors (1)
- nanosilver (1)
- nanospindles (1)
- nanostructure (1)
- nanostructured composite (1)
- nanoswitches (1)
- nanotechnology (1)
- nanovesicles (1)
- nanowires (1)
- naphthalene (1)
- natural products (1)
- natural-products (1)
- near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- near-infrared absorption (1)
- nematic phase (1)
- neolignans (1)
- nerve agents (1)
- networks (1)
- neuroleptics (1)
- neurons (1)
- neuropeptides (1)
- neutron (1)
- neutron diffraction (1)
- neutron powder diffraction (1)
- nhc (1)
- nichtlineare Mechanik (1)
- nichtwässrige Synthese (1)
- nickel(II) (1)
- nickel-carbon catalysts (1)
- niederenergetische Elektronen (1)
- niobium (1)
- nitride materials (1)
- nitriles (1)
- nitrogen containing carbonaceous materials (1)
- nitrogen doped carbons (1)
- nitrogen heterocycles (1)
- nitrogen-doped (1)
- non-linear mechanics (1)
- non-metal catalysis (1)
- non-noble metal catalysts (1)
- norcaesalpin D (1)
- norcobamide biosynthesis (1)
- nucleation polymerization (1)
- nucleus-independent chemical shift (1)
- nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) (1)
- numerical simulation (1)
- nutrient composition (1)
- o bond formation (1)
- o-Phenylenediamine (1)
- oak tree (1)
- obere kritische Lösetemperatur (1)
- oberflächenverstärkte Raman-Streuung (1)
- off-specular scattering (1)
- olefin metathesis (1)
- olefin-metathesis (1)
- olefination (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (1)
- oligo(ethyleneglycol) (1)
- oligomeric (1)
- oligomeric polydimethylsiloxane (1)
- oligomers (1)
- oligosaccharides (1)
- oligospiroketals (1)
- on demand particle release (1)
- onformational analysis (1)
- ontogeny (1)
- open source (1)
- open system density matrix theory (1)
- open-circuit voltage (1)
- optical (1)
- optical imaging (1)
- optical sensor (1)
- optical sensors (1)
- optical spectra (1)
- ordering process (1)
- organic chenlistry (1)
- organic compounds (1)
- organic compounds adsorption (1)
- organic light-emitting diodes (1)
- organic-inorganic c (1)
- organic-inorganic composite material (1)
- organische Chemie (1)
- organocatalytic polymerization (1)
- organogel (1)
- organometallics (1)
- orientational memory (1)
- ortho-quinone methide (o-QMs) (1)
- orthophosphates (1)
- oscillating bubble (1)
- osteogenic differentiation (1)
- oxalic precipitation (1)
- oxides (1)
- oxocarbon (1)
- oxygen plasma (1)
- oxygen sensor (1)
- p-Hydroxycinnamic acids (1)
- p16 (1)
- p21 (1)
- pH effect (1)
- pH sensing (1)
- pH-Dependent Photoresponsivity (1)
- pH-sensitive liposome (1)
- palladium catalyst (1)
- palmitic acid (1)
- pancreatic neoplasms (1)
- para-Nitro-pyridine N-oxides (1)
- paramagnetic (1)
- paramagnetic-resonance (1)
- paramagnetisch (1)
- parchment (1)
- particle formation (1)
- particulate (1)
- pea (1)
- peptide (1)
- peptide biomarkers (1)
- peptide-polymer conjugate (1)
- peptide-templated materials (1)
- periodic pattern (1)
- periodisches Muster (1)
- perovskite precursors (1)
- perylene (1)
- pesticides (1)
- phagocytosis (1)
- phase behavior (1)
- phase separation (1)
- phase transition (1)
- phase transitions (1)
- phenanthrenes (1)
- phenolic acid (1)
- phenolic compounds (1)
- phonons (1)
- phosphate (1)
- phosphide (1)
- phospholipids (1)
- phosphorescence quenching (1)
- photo ionization (1)
- photo-crosslinked (1)
- photo-iniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (1)
- photo-mediated polymerization (1)
- photobioreactor (1)
- photocatalysts (1)
- photocatalytic water splitting (1)
- photocharging (1)
- photochemical reactions (1)
- photochemical synthesis (1)
- photocycloaddition (1)
- photodehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (1)
- photodynamic therapy (1)
- photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- photoinduced electron transfer (1)
- photoinduced nonadiabatic dynamics (1)
- photoinduced radical polymerization (1)
- photolytic ablation (1)
- photonic crystal (1)
- photopolymerization (1)
- photoredox catalysis (1)
- photosensitive azobenzene containing surfactant (1)
- photosensitive polymer brushes (1)
- photothermal conversion (1)
- phototunable optical properties (1)
- photovoltaic materials (1)
- photovoltaische Materialien (1)
- physical (1)
- physikalisch (1)
- physiolgischer pH (1)
- physiological pH (1)
- phytomedicine (1)
- pi interactions (1)
- pi-Electron delocalization (1)
- pi-Stacking (1)
- pi-pi stacking (1)
- placental transfer (1)
- plant science (1)
- plasmon spectroscopy (1)
- plasmon-driven catalysis (1)
- plasmonic (1)
- plasmonic nanohole arrays (1)
- plasmonic nanoparticles (1)
- plasmonische Chemie (1)
- platelet activation (1)
- platelet adhesion (1)
- platelet aging (1)
- platelet function (1)
- platelet rich plasma (1)
- platelet storage (1)
- platelet-rich plasma (1)
- platform chemicals (1)
- platinum (1)
- polarizable drift gases (1)
- polarization diffraction grating (1)
- polarization gratings (1)
- poly(2-ethyl-2oxazoline) (1)
- poly(2-oxazoline)s (1)
- poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) (1)
- poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (1)
- poly(N-vinyl isobutyramide) (1)
- poly(acrylamide) hydrogels (1)
- poly(e-caprolactone) (1)
- poly(epsilon-caprolactone) methacrylate (1)
- poly(ester amide)s (1)
- poly(ether imide) (1)
- poly(ether imide) microparticles (1)
- poly(ethyleneimine) (1)
- poly(ionic liquid) nanoparticles (1)
- poly(ionische Flüssigkeiten) (1)
- poly(n-butyl acrylate) (1)
- poly(styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine) (PS-P2VP) (1)
- poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (1)
- poly(ε-caprolactone) (1)
- poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] (1)
- polyamides (1)
- polyamine (1)
- polyamines (1)
- polyammonium salt (1)
- polybutadiene (1)
- polycaprolactone (1)
- polycarboxylate (1)
- polycationic monolayer (1)
- polycondensation (1)
- polycycles (1)
- polydepsipeptide (1)
- polydimethylsiloxane (1)
- polydopamine (1)
- polyelectrolyte adsorption (1)
- polyelectrolyte brushes (1)
- polyelectrolyte inks (1)
- polyelectrolyte membranes (1)
- polyesterurethane (1)
- polyglycerol (1)
- polyglycine (1)
- polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) (1)
- polyimides (1)
- polymer actuators (1)
- polymer coating (1)
- polymer crystallization (1)
- polymer fillers (1)
- polymer micelles (1)
- polymer modification (1)
- polymer network (1)
- polymer physics (1)
- polymer solutions (1)
- polymer surface (1)
- polymer synthesis (1)
- polymer-modification (1)
- polymer/LC composites (1)
- polymeric materials (1)
- polymerised ionic liquids (1)
- polymersome spreading (1)
- polymyrcene (1)
- polyolefin (1)
- polypeptoid (1)
- polypropylene (1)
- polypropylene yarns (1)
- polysaccharides (1)
- polysiloxane (1)
- polysiloxanes (1)
- polystyrene (1)
- polystyrenes (1)
- polysulfides (1)
- polyvinyl acetate (1)
- population doubling time (1)
- pore templating (1)
- porous (1)
- porous carbon-based materials (1)
- porous carbons (1)
- porous particles (1)
- porous structure (1)
- porphyrazine (1)
- porphyrinoids (1)
- porphyrins (1)
- porös (1)
- poröse Kohlenstoffe (1)
- poröse Kohlenstoffmaterialien (1)
- poröse Struktur (1)
- porösen Materialien auf Kohlenstoffbasis (1)
- poröser Kohlenstoff (1)
- post-laser-field electronic oscillations (1)
- post-modification (1)
- potato (Solanum tuberosum) (1)
- pouch cell (1)
- powder diffraction (1)
- precatalysts (1)
- prediction models (1)
- prenylated flavanonol (1)
- pressure (1)
- printing (1)
- pristimerin (1)
- processing (1)
- programmable adhesion (1)
- programmable friction (1)
- propargyl (1)
- protecting groups (1)
- protein Langmuir layers (1)
- protein NMR spectroscopy (1)
- protein analysis (1)
- protein characterization (1)
- protein imprinting (1)
- protein interactions (1)
- protein modification (1)
- protein stabilized foams (1)
- protein-kinase inhibitors (1)
- protein-protein interactions (1)
- proton conductivity (1)
- proton hopping (1)
- protonation (1)
- précipitation (1)
- précipitation oxalique (1)
- pterocarpene (1)
- pulse laser initiated polymerization (1)
- pump-probe (1)
- purines (1)
- pyrene excimer (1)
- pyrochlore (1)
- quantum control (1)
- quantum sieving (1)
- quartz crystal microbalance (1)
- quenching (1)
- quinoid structures (1)
- quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones (1)
- radical addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (1)
- radical reactions (1)
- radiosensitizer (1)
- rangement (1)
- rare earths (1)
- rate constants (1)
- ratiometric sensing (1)
- ratiometric sensors (1)
- ray absorption-spectroscopy (1)
- reaction mechanism (1)
- reactions (1)
- reactive (1)
- reactive flux rate constants (1)
- reactive intermediates (1)
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) (1)
- reactive templating (1)
- reference (1)
- reflection grating (1)
- reflectivity (1)
- relaxation NMR spectroscopy (1)
- reliability (1)
- renewable (1)
- renewable resource (1)
- renewables (1)
- reorientation (1)
- reshaping abilities (1)
- resonance Raman (1)
- resonance Raman spectroscopy (1)
- resonance energy transfer (1)
- resonance energy-tansfer (1)
- responsive (1)
- responsive materials (1)
- responsive polymer (1)
- responsivity (1)
- restricted N-S rotation (1)
- retro reactions (1)
- retrochalcone (1)
- reversibility (1)
- reversible (1)
- reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (1)
- reversible and irreversible structuring of polymer brushes (1)
- reversible bidirectional shape-memory polymer (1)
- reversible chain extension (1)
- reversible shape-memory effect (1)
- rhodium(I)– phosphine (1)
- rhodium-phosphine coordination bonds (1)
- ring closing metathesis (1)
- ring opening polymerization (1)
- ring-closing metathesis (1)
- ring-closure (1)
- ring-opening (1)
- rising bubble (1)
- root mean square roughness (1)
- rotational diffusion (1)
- rubidium cation (1)
- rutaceae (1)
- ruthenium carbene (1)
- sacrificial bonds (1)
- salt melt (1)
- sandwich complexes (1)
- sandwich microcontact printing (1)
- scale-up (1)
- scanning tunneling microscopy (1)
- scatchard plot (1)
- scattering (1)
- schaltbare Materialien (1)
- schaltbare Polymere (1)
- schizophrenes Verhalten (1)
- schizophrenic behavior (1)
- seco-Anthraquinone (1)
- secondary structure (1)
- sediment (1)
- sel (1)
- selbstassemblierende Monolagen (1)
- selective drug release (1)
- selective light reflection (1)
- selective oxidations (1)
- selective syntheses (1)
- self-assembled micelles (1)
- self-healing coatings (1)
- self-healing materials (1)
- self-organisation (1)
- self-organization (1)
- semi-IPN hydrogels (1)
- semi-crystalline (1)
- semiconductor lasers (1)
- semiconductors (1)
- semiempirical calculations (1)
- semiempirical methods (1)
- senescence-associated (1)
- sensitizers (1)
- sensor (1)
- sequence structures (1)
- serine phosphate decarboxylase (1)
- sesquiterpene (1)
- sessile droplet (1)
- severe acute pancreatitis (1)
- shape analysis (1)
- shape change (1)
- shape shifting materials (1)
- shape-memory hydrogel (1)
- shape-memory polymer actuators (1)
- shape-memory properties (1)
- shape-persistent macrocycles (1)
- shieldings (TSNMRS) (1)
- shuttled RAFT-polymerization (1)
- sichtbares Licht Photokatalyse (1)
- side reaction (1)
- side-chains functionalization (1)
- silacyclohexanes (1)
- silane chemistry (1)
- silapiperidines (1)
- silica particles (1)
- silk fibroin (1)
- silkworm silk (1)
- siloxanes (1)
- silver (1)
- silver nanowires (1)
- silver(1) complexes (1)
- single crystals (1)
- single particle analysis (1)
- single strand break (1)
- single-atom catalysis (1)
- single-cell (1)
- single-molecule detection (1)
- situ Raman spectroscopy (1)
- skeletal elements (1)
- skin equivalents (1)
- small-angle neutron scattering (1)
- small-angle scattering (1)
- sodium storage mechanism (1)
- sodium-ion (1)
- sodium-ion batteries (1)
- sodium-ion battery (1)
- sodium-ion capacitors (1)
- soft X-radiation (1)
- soft X-ray (1)
- soft and hard templating (1)
- soft matter micro- and nanowires (1)
- soft template (1)
- soft-templates (1)
- sol-gel processes (1)
- solar (1)
- solid electrolyte interphase (1)
- solid phase (1)
- solid-phase extraction (1)
- solid-state NMR (1)
- solid-state structure (1)
- solid-supported biomimetic membranes (1)
- solution process (1)
- solvatochromic fluorophore (1)
- solvent (1)
- solvent influence (1)
- solvent resistance (1)
- solvent vapor annealing (1)
- solvent-free reactions (1)
- solvents (1)
- solvo-thermal annealing (1)
- solvothermal synthesis (1)
- spacer group (1)
- species (1)
- specific interactions (1)
- specific ion effects (1)
- spectra (1)
- spectro-electrochemistry (1)
- spectrometry (1)
- spent coffee grounds (1)
- sperical (1)
- spermidine (1)
- spezifische Wechselwirkungen (1)
- spherical polyelectrolyte (1)
- spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (1)
- spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB) (1)
- spiro compounds (1)
- spirocycles (1)
- spiropyran copolymer (1)
- sponge (1)
- spray imaging (1)
- sputtering (1)
- square planar (1)
- squaric acid (1)
- stannous octoate (1)
- star-block copolymers (1)
- stark eutektisches Lösungsmittel (1)
- state (1)
- states (1)
- statistical copolymer (1)
- statistical copolymers (1)
- statistische Versuchsplanung (Design of Experiments) (1)
- steigende Blasen (1)
- stem cell adhesion (1)
- stepwise complexation (1)
- stereocomplexes (1)
- steric hindrance (1)
- sterilization (1)
- stickstoffdotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- stimul-responsive (1)
- stimul-responsive emulsion (1)
- stimuli-response (1)
- stimuli-sensitive (1)
- stimuli-sensitive materials (1)
- stimuli-sensitivity (1)
- stochastic processes (1)
- storage capacity (1)
- storage proteins (1)
- strain field (1)
- streptavidin (1)
- strong field (1)
- strong polyelectrolyte brush (1)
- structural-characterization (1)
- styrenes (1)
- substituted stilbenes (1)
- substrate (1)
- subtriflavanonol (1)
- sugars (1)
- sulfation (1)
- sulfides (1)
- sulfimides (1)
- sulfobetaine (1)
- sulfones (1)
- sulfoxide (1)
- sulfoxides (1)
- sulfur heterocycles (1)
- sunscreen (1)
- super-intense laser pulses (1)
- supercritical CO(2) (1)
- supercritical carbon dioxide (1)
- supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) (1)
- superheated water (1)
- superlattices (1)
- superparamagnetisch (1)
- supported catalyst (1)
- supramolecular (1)
- supramolecular interactions (1)
- supramolecular polymer network (1)
- supramolekulare Chemie (1)
- surface charge (1)
- surface coating (1)
- surface enhanced spectroscopy (1)
- surface hopping (1)
- surface hopping dynamics (1)
- surface patterning (1)
- surface plasmon (1)
- surface rheology (1)
- surface science (1)
- surface topography (1)
- surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (1)
- surface-initiated photopolymerization (1)
- surface-plasmon resonance (1)
- surfaces and interfaces (1)
- surfactant (1)
- sustainable energy storage materials (1)
- switch (1)
- switchable block copolymer (1)
- switchable retarder (1)
- synthetic methods (1)
- synthetische Biologie (1)
- synthosomes (1)
- tamplat unterstütze Anordnung von weichen Partikeln (1)
- tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- tandem sequence (1)
- telechelics (1)
- telomeric DNA (1)
- temperature effect (1)
- temperature phase (1)
- temperature sensor (1)
- temperature variations (1)
- temperature-memory effect (1)
- temperature-memory polymers (1)
- temperature-responsive (1)
- temperaturschaltbar (1)
- template (1)
- template assisted alignment of soft particles (1)
- tensioactivos (1)
- terminal alkynes (1)
- termination (1)
- tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (1)
- tetrachloridocuprate(II) (1)
- tetrachlorocuprate(II) salts (1)
- tetrahalido metallates (1)
- tetrahalidometallates (1)
- thermal isomerization (1)
- thermal isomerization of azobenzene (1)
- thermal processing of food (1)
- thermal transformation mechanism (1)
- thermal treatments (1)
- thermisch angeregte Isomerisierung von Azobenzolen (1)
- thermisch schaltbar (1)
- thermisch schaltbare Polymere (1)
- thermo-sensitivity (1)
- thermomechanical properties (1)
- thermometer (1)
- thermomorphism (1)
- thermoplastic elastomer (1)
- thermoplastic elastomer synthesis (1)
- thermoplastisches Elastomer (1)
- thermoresponsive substrates (1)
- thermoresponsive-nanogel (1)
- thermosensitive polymers (1)
- thiazolium (1)
- thin film (1)
- thin film crystallization (1)
- thin-films (1)
- thiol (1)
- thiol passivation (1)
- thiol-ene (1)
- thiol-ene reactions (1)
- thiols (1)
- thiophenes (1)
- three-dimensional depth profiling (1)
- thrombocyte adhesion (1)
- through space NMR shieldings (1)
- time-dependent Schrödinger equation (1)
- time-dependent density functional theory (1)
- time-resolved fluorescence (1)
- time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- time-resolved luminescence (1)
- time-resolved measurements (1)
- tin perovskites (1)
- tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (1)
- tissue (1)
- titania (1)
- to-coil transition (1)
- tocopherols (1)
- tomato (1)
- tomography (1)
- topical (1)
- trafficking (1)
- trans-fagaramide (1)
- trans-stilbenes (1)
- transcript markers (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transferhydrogenation (1)
- transformation (1)
- transient (1)
- transition density matrix (1)
- transition metals (1)
- transition path sampling (1)
- transition-metal-complexes (1)
- transition-potential method (1)
- translational diffusion (1)
- transparent-leitendes Oxid (1)
- traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (1)
- triazine (1)
- triblock copolymers (1)
- triple-shape effect (1)
- trophoblasts (1)
- tropical infectious diseases (1)
- tropische Infektionskrankheiten (1)
- tuberculosis (1)
- twinning (1)
- two dimensional network (1)
- two-dimensional phases (1)
- two-photon (1)
- two-photon absorption (1)
- ultra-thin membrane (1)
- ultracentrifuge (1)
- ultradünne Membranen (1)
- ultrafast dynamics (1)
- ultrafast reactions (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- ultrathin film (1)
- underpotential deposition (1)
- undulated nanoplatelets (1)
- untere kritische Entmischungstemperatur (1)
- untere kritische Lösungstemperatur (1)
- upconverting nanoparticles (1)
- uranyl (1)
- uremia (1)
- vacuum-UV radiation (1)
- valerolactone (1)
- validation (1)
- valorization (1)
- van der Waals forces (1)
- vanillin (1)
- vascular graft (1)
- vascular grafts (1)
- vesicle studies (1)
- viability (1)
- vibrational control (1)
- vibrational excitation (1)
- vibrational spectroscopy (1)
- vibrationally resolved electronic spectroscopy (1)
- vinylidene fluoride (1)
- vis spectroscopy (1)
- viscosity (1)
- visible light (1)
- visible light photocatalysis (1)
- volatile organic compounds (1)
- wasser (1)
- water at alumina (1)
- water remediation (1)
- water splitting reaction (1)
- water vapor (1)
- water/decane contact angle (1)
- water/tetradecane interface (1)
- weakly coordinating ions (1)
- weiche Vorlage (1)
- weiche und harte Templatierung (1)
- weißer Kohlenstoff (1)
- wetting (1)
- whey proteins (1)
- white carbon (1)
- whole blood (1)
- wide angle x‐ ray scattering (1)
- wide-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- wood modification (1)
- wrinkles (1)
- wurtzite type (1)
- wässrige Systeme (1)
- xanthenes (1)
- xanthophylls (1)
- yarns (1)
- ylides (1)
- yolk-shell (1)
- yolk-shell nanoparticles (1)
- ytterbium (1)
- zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (1)
- zirconia (1)
- zweifach schaltbare Blockcopolymere (1)
- zwitterionic (1)
- zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein GP2 (1)
- Überstrukturierte Komposite (1)
- ß-Lactoglobulin (1)
- überkritisches Kohlendioxid (scCO₂) (1)
- β-Hydroxydihydrochalcone (1)
- β‐myrcene (1)
Institute
- Institut für Chemie (2834) (remove)
Structure, mechanical properties and degradation behavior of electrospun PEEU fiber meshes and films
(2021)
The capability of a degradable implant to provide mechanical support depends on its degradation behavior. Hydrolytic degradation was studied for a polyesteretherurethane (PEEU70), which consists of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) segments with a weight ratio of 70:30 linked by diurethane junction units. PEEU70 samples prepared in the form of meshes with average fiber diameters of 1.5 mu m (mesh1.5) and 1.2 mu m (mesh1.2), and films were sterilized and incubated in PBS at 37 degrees C with 5 vol% CO2 supply for 1 to 6 weeks. Degradation features, such as cracks or wrinkles, became apparent from week 4 for all samples. Mass loss was found to be 11 wt%, 6 wt%, and 4 wt% for mesh1.2, mesh1.5, and films at week 6. The elongation at break decreased to under 20% in two weeks for mesh1.2. In case of the other two samples, this level of degradation was achieved after 4 weeks. The weight average molecular weight of both PEEU70 mesh and film samples decreased to below 30 kg/mol when elongation at break dropped below 20%. The time period of sustained mechanical stability of PEEU70-based meshes depends on the fiber diameter and molecular weight.
Plasmon-driven dehalogenation of brominated purines has been recently explored as a model system to understand fundamental aspects of plasmon-assisted chemical reactions. Here, it is shown that divalent Ca2+ ions strongly bridge the adsorption of bromoadenine (Br-Ade) to Ag surfaces.
Such ion-mediated binding increases the molecule's adsorption energy leading to an overlap of the metal energy states and the molecular states, enabling the chemical interface damping (CID) of the plasmon modes of the Ag nanostructures (i.e., direct electron transfer from the metal to Br-Ade).
Consequently, the conversion of Br-Ade to adenine almost doubles following the addition of Ca2+.
These experimental results, supported by theoretical calculations of the local density of states of the Ag/Br-Ade complex, indicate a change of the charge transfer pathway driving the dehalogenation reaction, from Landau damping (in the lack of Ca2+ ions) to CID (after the addition of Ca2+).
The results show that the surface dynamics of chemical species (including water molecules) play an essential role in charge transfer at plasmonic interfaces and cannot be ignored. It is envisioned that these results will help in designing more efficient nanoreactors, harnessing the full potential of plasmon-assisted chemistry.
In this study, the kinetics of the adsorption of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F(4)TCNQ) on the surface of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in chloroform has been intensively investigated, as molecular doping is known to play a crucial role in organic electronic devices. Based on the results obtained from UV-visible (vis)-near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, scanning nanobeam electron diffraction, and electron energy loss spectroscopy, a two-step interaction kinetics has been proposed for the Ag NPs and F(4)TCNQ molecules, which includes the first step of electron transfer from Ag NPs to F(4)TCNQ indicated by the ionization of F(4)TCNQ and the second step of the formation of a Ag-F(4)TCNQ complex. The whole process has been followed via UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, which reveals distinct kinetics at two stages: the instantaneous ionization and the long-term complex formation. The kinetics and the influence of the molar ratio of Ag NPs/F(4)TCNQ molecules on the interaction between Ag NPs and F(4)TCNQ molecules in an organic solution are reported herein for the first time. Furthermore, the control experiment with silica-coated Ag NPs manifests that the charge transfer at the surface between Ag NPs and F(4)TCNQ molecules is prohibited by a silica layer of 18 nm.
Sulfated biomolecules are known to influence numerous biological processes in all living organisms. Particularly, they contribute to prevent and inhibit the hypercoagulation condition. The failure of polymeric implants and blood contacting devices is often related to hypercoagulation and microbial contamination. Here, bioactive sulfated biomacromolecules are mimicked by sulfation of poly(glycerol glycidyl ether) (polyGGE) films. Autoclaving, gamma-ray irradiation and ethylene oxide (EtO) gas sterilization techniques were applied to functionalized materials. The sulfate group density and hydrophilicity of sulfated polymers were decreased while chain mobility and thermal degradation were enhanced post autoclaving when compared to those after EtO sterilization. These results suggest that a quality control after sterilization is mandatory to ensure the amount and functionality of functionalized groups are retained.
This thesis presents a comprehensive exploration of the application of DNA origami nanofork antennas (DONAs) in the field of spectroscopy, with a particular focus on the structural analysis of Cytochrome C (CytC) at the single-molecule level. The research encapsulates the design, optimization, and application of DONAs in enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of Raman spectroscopy, thereby offering new insights into protein structures and interactions.
The initial phase of the study involved the meticulous optimization of DNA origami structures. This process was pivotal in developing nanoscale tools that could significantly enhance the capabilities of Raman spectroscopy. The optimized DNA origami nanoforks, in both dimer and aggregate forms, demonstrated an enhanced ability to detect and analyze molecular vibrations, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of protein dynamics.
A key aspect of this research was the comparative analysis between the dimer and aggregate forms of DONAs. This comparison revealed that while both configurations effectively identified oxidation and spin states of CytC, the aggregate form offered a broader range of detectable molecular states due to its prolonged signal emission and increased number of molecules. This extended duration of signal emission in the aggregates was attributed to the collective hotspot area, enhancing overall signal stability and sensitivity.
Furthermore, the study delved into the analysis of the Amide III band using the DONA system. Observations included a transient shift in the Amide III band's frequency, suggesting dynamic alterations in the secondary structure of CytC. These shifts, indicative of transitions between different protein structures, were crucial in understanding the protein’s functional mechanisms and interactions.
The research presented in this thesis not only contributes significantly to the field of spectroscopy but also illustrates the potential of interdisciplinary approaches in biosensing. The use of DNA origami-based systems in spectroscopy has opened new avenues for research, offering a detailed and comprehensive understanding of protein structures and interactions. The insights gained from this research are expected to have lasting implications in scientific fields ranging from drug development to the study of complex biochemical pathways. This thesis thus stands as a testament to the power of integrating nanotechnology, biochemistry, and spectroscopic techniques in addressing complex scientific questions.
Manganese (Mn) as well as iron (Fe) are essential trace elements (TE) important for the maintenance of physiological functions including fetal development. However, in the case of Mn, evidence suggests that excess levels of intrauterine Mn are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although Mn is known to cross the placenta, the fundamentals of Mn transfer kinetics and mechanisms are largely unknown. Moreover, exposure to combinations of TEs should be considered in mechanistic transfer studies, in particular for TEs expected to share similar transfer pathways. Here, we performed a mechanistic in vitro study on the placental transfer of Mn across a BeWo b30 trophoblast layer. Our data revealed distinct differences in the placental transfer of Mn and Fe. While placental permeability to Fe showed a clear inverse dose-dependency, Mn transfer was largely independent of the applied doses. Concurrent exposure of Mn and Fe revealed transfer interactions of Fe and Mn, indicating that they share common transfer mechanisms. In general, mRNA and protein expression of discussed transporters like DMT1, TfR, or FPN were only marginally altered in BeWo cells despite the different exposure scenarios highlighting that Mn transfer across the trophoblast layer likely involves a combination of active and passive transport processes.
Numerous phosphorus-rich metal phosphides containing both P-P bonds and metal-P bonds are known from the solid-state chemistry literature. A method to grow these materials in thin-film form would be desirable, as thin films are required in many applications and they are an ideal platform for high-throughput studies. In addition, the high density and smooth surfaces achievable in thin films are a significant advantage for characterization of transport and optical properties. Despite these benefits, there is hardly any published work on even the simplest binary phosphorus-rich phosphide films. Here, we demonstrate growth of single-phase CuP2 films by a two-step process involving reactive sputtering of amorphous CuP2+x and rapid annealing in an inert atmosphere. At the crystallization temperature, CuP2 is thermodynamically unstable with respect to Cu3P and P-4. However, CuP2 can be stabilized if the amorphous precursors are mixed on the atomic scale and are sufficiently close to the desired composition (neither too P poor nor too P rich). Fast formation of polycrystalline CuP2, combined with a short annealing time, makes it possible to bypass the diffusion processes responsible for decomposition. We find that thin-film CuP2 is a 1.5 eV band gap semiconductor with interesting properties, such as a high optical absorption coefficient (above 10(5) cm(-1)), low thermal conductivity (1.1 W/(K m)), and composition-insensitive electrical conductivity (around 1 S/cm). We anticipate that our processing route can be extended to other phosphorus-rich phosphides that are still awaiting thin-film synthesis and will lead to a more complete understanding of these materials and of their potential applications.
Guidance of postinfarct myocardial remodeling processes by an epicardial patch system may alleviate the consequences of ischemic heart disease. As macrophages are highly relevant in balancing immune response and regenerative processes their suitable instruction would ensure therapeutic success. A polymeric mesh capable of attracting and instructing monocytes by purely physical cues and accelerating implant degradation at the cell/implant interface is designed. In a murine model for myocardial infarction the meshes are compared to those either coated with extracellular matrix or loaded with induced cardiomyocyte progenitor cells. All implants promote macrophage infiltration and polarization in the epicardium, which is verified by in vitro experiments. 6 weeks post-MI, especially the implantation of the mesh attenuates left ventricular adverse remodeling processes as shown by reduced infarct size (14.7% vs 28-32%) and increased wall thickness (854 mu m vs 400-600 mu m), enhanced angiogenesis/arteriogenesis (more than 50% increase compared to controls and other groups), and improved heart function (ejection fraction = 36.8% compared to 12.7-31.3%). Upscaling as well as process controls is comprehensively considered in the presented mesh fabrication scheme to warrant further progression from bench to bedside.
Binary III-V nitrides such as AlN, GaN and InN in the wurtzite-type structure have long been considered as potent semiconducting materials because of their optoelectronic properties, amongst others. With rising concerns over the utilization of scarce elements, a replacement of the trivalent cations by others in ternary and multinary nitrides has led to the development of different variants of nitrides and oxide nitrides crystallizing in lower-symmetry variants of wurtzite. This work presents the symmetry relationships between these structural types specific to nitrides and oxide nitrides and updates some prior work on this matter. The non-existence of compounds crystallizing in Pmc2(1), formally the highest subgroup of the wurtzite type fulfilling Pauling's rules for 1:1:2 stoichiometries, has been puzzling scientists for a while; a rationalization is given, from a crystallographic basis, of why this space group is unlikely to be adopted.
Applications of advanced cathode materials with well-designed chemical components and/or optimized nanostructures promoting the sulfur redox kinetics and suppressing the shuttle effect of polysulfides are highly valued. However, in the case of actual lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries under practical working conditions, one long-term obstacle still exists, which is mainly due to the difficulties in massive synthesis of such nanomaterials with low cost and ease of control on the nanostructure. Herein, we develop a facile synthesis of carbon coated Ti4O7 hollow nanoparticles (Ti4O7) using spherical polymer electrolyte brush as soft template, which is scalable via utilizing a minipilot reactor. The C Ti4O7 hollow nanoparticles provide strong chemical adsorption to polysulfides through the large polar surface and additional physical confinement by rich micro- & mesopores and have successfully been employed as an efficient sulfur host for multilayer pouch cells. Besides, the sluggish kinetics of the sulfur and lithium sulfide redox mechanism can be improved by the highly conductive Ti4O7 via catalyzation of the conversion of polysulfides. Consequently, the C-Ti4O7 based pouch cell endows a high discharge capacity of 1003 mAhg(-1) at 0.05 C, a high-capacity retention of 83.7% after 100 cycles at 0.1 C, and a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.5% at the 100th cycle. This work proposes an effective approach to transfer the synthesis of hollow Ti4O7 nanoparticles from lab- to large-scale production, paving the way to explore a wide range of advanced nanomaterials for multilayer Li-S pouch cells.
Electrochemical reduction stands as an alternative to revalorize CO2. Among the different alternatives, Ni single atoms supported on carbonaceous materials are an appealing catalytic solution due to the low cost and versatility of the support and the optimal usage of Ni and its predicted selectivity and efficiency (ca. 100% towards CO). Herein, we have used noble carbonaceous support derived from cytosine to load Ni subnanometric sites. The large heteroatom content of the support allows the stabilization of up to 11 wt% of Ni without the formation of nanoparticles through a simple impregnation plus calcination approach, where nickel promotes the stabilization of C3NOx frameworks and the oxidative support promotes a high oxidation state of nickel. EXAFS analysis points at nickel single atoms or subnanometric clusters coordinated by oxygen in the material surface. Unlike the wellknown N-coordinated Ni single sites selectivity towards CO2 reduction, O-coordinated-Ni single sites (ca. 7 wt% of Ni) reduced CO2 to CO, but subnanometric clusters (11 wt% of Ni) foster the unprecedented formation of HCOOH with 27% Faradaic efficiency at - 1.4 V. Larger Ni amounts ended up on the formation of NiO nanoparticles and almost 100% selectivity towards hydrogen evolution.
Quenching mechanism of uranyl(VI) by chloride and bromide in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions
(2021)
A major hindrance in utilizing uranyl(VI) luminescence as a standard analytical tool, for example, in environmental monitoring or nuclear industries, is quenching by other ions such as halide ions, which are present in many relevant matrices of uranyl(VI) speciation. Here, we demonstrate through a combination of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry that coordinating solvent molecules play a crucial role in U(VI) halide luminescence quenching. We show that our previously suggested quenching mechanism based on an internal redox reaction of the 1:2-uranyl-halide-complex holds also true for bromide-induced quenching of uranyl(VI). By adopting specific organic solvents, we were able to suppress the separation of the oxidized halide ligand X-2(center dot-) and the formed uranyl(V) into fully solvated ions, thereby "reigniting" U(VI) luminescence. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations show that quenching occurs through the outer-sphere complex of U(VI) and halide in water, while the ligand-to-metal charge transfer is strongly reduced in acetonitrile.
Colloidal metal sulfide nanoparticles for high performance electrochemical energy storage systems
(2022)
Transition metal sulfides have emerged as excellent replacement candidates of traditional insertion electrode materials based on their conversion or alloying mechanisms, facilitating high specific capacity and rate ability. However, parasitic reactions such as massive volume change during the discharge/ charge processes, intermediate polysulfide dissolution, and passivating solid electrolyte interface formation have led to poor cyclability, hindering their feasibility and applicability in energy storage systems. Colloidal metal sulfide nanoparticles, a special class that integrates the intrinsic chemical properties of metal sulfides and their specified structural features, have fairly enlarged their contribution due to the synergistic effect. This review highlights the latest synthetic approaches based on colloidal process. Their corresponding electrochemical outcomes will also be discussed, which are thoroughly updated along with their insight scientific standpoints.
Effect of magnesium salts with chaotropic anions on the swelling behavior of PNIPMAM thin films
(2023)
Poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) is a stimuli responsive polymer, which in thin film geometry exhibits a volume-phase transition upon temperature increase in water vapor. The swelling behavior of PNIPMAM thin films containing magnesium salts in water vapor is investigated in view of their potential application as nanodevices. Both the extent and the kinetics of the swelling ratio as well as the water content are probed with in situ time-of-flight neutron reflectometry. Additionally, in situ Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides information about the local solvation of the specific functional groups, while two-dimensional FTIR correlation analysis further elucidates the temporal sequence of solvation events. The addition of Mg(ClO4)2 or Mg(NO3)2 enhances the sensitivity of the polymer and therefore the responsiveness of switches and sensors based on PNIPMAM thin films. It is found that Mg(NO3)2 leads to a higher relative water uptake and therefore achieves the highest thickness gain in the swollen state.
Halide perovskites
(2021)
FicucariconeD (1) and its 4 '-demethyl congener 2 are isoflavones isolated from fruits of Ficus carica that share a 5,7-dimethoxy-6-prenyl-substituted A-ring. Both naturalproducts were, for the first time, obtained by chemical synthesisin six steps, starting from 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone. Key stepsare a microwave-promoted tandem sequence of Claisen- and Cope-rearrangementsto install the 6-prenyl substituent and a Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling for installing the B-ring. By using various boronic acids,non-natural analogues become conveniently available. All compoundswere tested for cytotoxicity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistanthuman leukemia cell lines, but were found to be inactive. The compoundswere also tested for antimicrobial activities against a panel of eightGram-negative and two Gram-positive bacterial strains. Addition ofthe efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine-beta-naphthylamide(PA beta N) significantly improved the antibiotic activity in mostcases, with MIC values as low as 2.5 mu M and activity improvementfactors as high as 128-fold.
To systematically add functionality to nanoscale polymer switches, an understanding of their responsive behavior is crucial. Herein, solvent vapor stimuli are applied to thin films of a diblock copolymer consisting of a short poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block and a long poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) block for realizing ternary nanoswitches. Three significantly distinct film states are successfully implemented by the combination of amphiphilicity and co-nonsolvency effect. The exposure of the thin films to nitrogen, pure water vapor, and mixed water/acetone (90 vol%/10 vol%) vapor switches the films from a dried to a hydrated (solvated and swollen) and a water/acetone-exchanged (solvated and contracted) equilibrium state. These three states have distinctly different film thicknesses and solvent contents, which act as switch positions "off," "on," and "standby." For understanding the switching process, time-of-flight neutron reflectometry (ToF-NR) and spectral reflectance (SR) studies of the swelling and dehydration process are complemented by information on the local solvation of functional groups probed with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. An accelerated responsive behavior beyond a minimum hydration/solvation level is attributed to the fast build-up and depletion of the hydration shell of PNIPMAM, caused by its hydrophobic moieties promoting a cooperative hydration character.
Vibrational relaxation of adsorbates is a sensitive tool to probe energy transfer at gas/solid and liquid/solid interfaces. The most direct way to study relaxation dynamics uses time-resolved spectroscopy. Here we report on a non-equilibrium ab initio molecular dynamics (NE-AIMD) methodology to model vibrational relaxation of OH vibrations on a hydroxylated, water-covered alpha-Al2O3(0001) surface. In our NE-AIMD approach, after exciting selected O-H bonds their coupling to surface phonons and to the water adlayer is analyzed in detail, by following both the energy flow in time, as well as the time-evolution of Vibrational Density of States (VDOS) curves. The latter are obtained from Time-dependent Correlation Functions (TCFs) and serve as prototypical, generic representatives of time-resolved vibrational spectra. As most important results, (i) we find a few-picosecond lifetime of the excited modes and (ii) identify both hydrogen-bonded aluminols and water molecules in the adsorbed water layer as main dissipative channels, while the direct coupling to Al2O3 surface phonons is of minor importance on the timescales of interest. Our NE-AIMD/TCF methodology is powerful for complex adsorbate systems, in principle even reacting ones, and opens a way towards time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy.
Elucidation of the reaction mechanism for the synthesis of ZnGeN2 through Zn2GeO4 ammonolysis
(2021)
Ternary II-IV-N-2 materials have been considered as a promising class of materials that combine photovoltaic performance with earth-abundance and low toxicity. When switching from binary III-V materials to ternary II-IV-N-2 materials, further structural complexity is added to the system that may influence its optoelectronic properties. Herein, we present a systematic study of the reaction of Zn2GeO4 with NH3 that produces zinc germanium oxide nitrides, and ultimately approach stoichiometric ZnGeN2, using a combination of chemical analyses, X-ray powder diffraction and DFT calculations. Elucidating the reaction mechanism as being dominated by Zn and O extrusion at the later reaction stages, we give an insight into studying structure-property relationships in this emerging class of materials.
This study deals with the facile synthesis of Fe1-xS nanoparticle-containing nitrogen-doped porous carbon membranes (denoted as Fe1-xS/N-PCMs) via vacuum carbonization of hybrid porous poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) membranes, and their successful use as a sulfur host material to mitigate the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The hybrid porous PIL membranes as the sacrificial template were prepared via ionic crosslinking of a cationic PIL with base-neutralized 1,1 '-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid, so that the iron source was molecularly incorporated into the template. The carbonization process was investigated in detail at different temperatures, and the chemical and porous structures of the carbon products were comprehensively analyzed. The Fe1-xS/N-PCMs prepared at 900 degrees C have a multimodal pore size distribution with a satisfactorily high surface area and well-dispersed iron sulfide nanoparticles to physically and chemically confine the LiPSs. The sulfur/Fe1-xS/N-PCM composites were then tested as electrodes in Li-S batteries, showing much improved capacity, rate performance and cycle stability, in comparison to iron sulfide-free, nitrogen-doped porous carbon membranes.
Toll-like receptor (TLR) can trigger an immune response against virus including SARS-CoV-2. TLR expression/distribution is varying in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) depending on their culture environments. Here, to explore the effect of periodic thermomechanical cues on TLRs, thermally controlled shape-memory polymer sheets with programmable actuation capacity were created. The proportion of MSCs expressing SARS-CoV-2-associated TLRs was increased upon stimulation. The TLR4/7 colocalization was promoted and retained in the endoplasmic reticula. The TLR redistribution was driven by myosin-mediated F-actin assembly. These results highlight the potential of boosting the immunity for combating COVID-19 via thermomechanical preconditioning of MSCs.
This paper is focused on the temperature-dependent synthesis of gold nanotriangles in a vesicular template phase, containing phosphatidylcholine and AOT, by adding the strongly alternating polyampholyte PalPhBisCarb.
UV-vis absorption spectra in combination with TEM micrographs show that flat gold nanoplatelets are formed predominantly in the presence of the polyampholyte at 45°C. The formation of triangular and hexagonal nanoplatelets can be directly influenced by the kinetic approach, i.e., by varying the polyampholyte dosage rate at 45°C. Corresponding zeta potential measurements indicate that a temperature-dependent adsorption of the polyampholyte on the {111} faces will induce the symmetry breaking effect, which is responsible for the kinetically controlled hindered vertical and preferred lateral growth of the nanoplatelets.
Rapid migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on device surfaces could support in vivo tissue integration and might facilitate in vitro organoid formation. Here, polydopamine (PDA) is explored as a biofunctional coating to effectively promote MSC motility. It is hypothesized that PDA stimulates fibronectin deposition and in this way enhances integrin-mediated migration capability. The random and directional cell migration was investigated by time-lapse microscopy and gap closure assay respectively, and analysed with softwares as computational tools. A higher amount of deposited fibronectin was observed on PDA substrate, compared to the non-coated substrate. The integrin beta 1 activation and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation at Y397 were enhanced on PDA substrate, but the F-actin cytoskeleton was not altered, suggesting MSC migration on PDA was regulated by integrin initiated FAK signalling. This study strengthens the biofunctionality of PDA coating for regulating stem cells and offering a way of facilitating tissue integration of devices.
Copolyesterurethanes (PDLCLs) based on oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) (OCL) and oligo(omega-pentadecalactone) (OPDL) segments are biodegradable thermoplastic temperature-memory polymers. The temperature-memory capability in these polymers with crystallizable control units is implemented by a thermomechanical programming process causing alterations in the crystallite arrangement and chain organization. These morphological changes can potentially affect degradation. Initial observations on the macroscopic level inspire the hypothesis that switching of the controlling units causes an accelerated degradation of the material, resulting in programmable degradation by sequential coupling of functions. Hence, detailed degradation studies on Langmuir films of a PDLCL with 40 wt% OPDL content are carried out under enzymatic catalysis. The temperature-memory creation procedure is mimicked by compression at different temperatures. The evolution of the chain organization and mechanical properties during the degradation process is investigated by means of polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, interfacial rheology and to some extend by X-ray reflectivity. The experiments on PDLCL Langmuir films imply that degradability is not enhanced by thermal switching, as the former depends on the temperature during cold programming. Nevertheless, the thin film experiments show that the leaching of OCL segments does not induce further crystallization of the OPDL segments, which is beneficial for a controlled and predictable degradation.
The synthesis and the crystal structure of the double cluster compound [Nb6Cl14(MeCN)(4)][Nb6Cl14(pyz)(4)]middot6CH(3)CN are described. The synthesis is based on a partial ligand exchange reaction, which proceeds upon dissolving [Nb6Cl14(pyz)(4)]middot2CH(2)Cl(2) in acetonitrile. The compound is built up of two discrete neutral cluster units, which consist of octahedra of Nb-6 atoms coordinated by 12 edge-bridging chlorido and two terminal chlorido ligands, and four acetonitrile ligands on one and four pyrazine ligands on the other cluster unit. Co-crystallized acetonitrile molecules are also present. The single-crystal structure determination has revealed a cluster arrangement in which the [Nb6Cl14(pyz)(4)] units are connected by (halogen) lone-pair-(pyrazine) pi interactions. These lead to chains of [Nb6Cl14(pyz)(4)] clusters. These chains are further connected to cluster layers by (nitrile-halogen) dipole-dipole interactions, in which the [Nb6Cl14(MeCN)(4)] and co-crystallized MeCN molecules are also involved. These cluster layers are arranged parallel to the crystallographic {011} plane.
The water vapor-induced swelling, as well as subsequent phase-transition kinetics, of thin films of a diblock copolymer (DBC) loaded with different amounts of the salt NaBr, is investigated in situ. In dilute aqueous solution, the DBC features an orthogonally thermoresponsive behavior. It consists of a zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine) block, namely, poly(4-(N-(3'-methacrylamidopropyl)-N, N-dimethylammonio) butane-1-sulfonate) (PSBP), showing an upper critical solution temperature, and a nonionic block, namely, poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM), exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature. The swelling kinetics in D2O vapor at 15 degrees C and the phase transition kinetics upon heating the swollen film to 60 degrees C and cooling back to 15 degrees C are followed with simultaneous time-of-flight neutron reflectometry and spectral reflectance measurements. These are complemented by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The collapse temperature of PNIPMAM and the swelling temperature of PSBP are found at lower temperatures than in aqueous solution, which is attributed to the high polymer concentration in the thin-film geometry. Upon inclusion of sub-stoichiometric amounts (relative to the monomer units) of NaBr in the films, the water incorporation is significantly increased. This increase is mainly attributed to a salting-in effect on the zwitterionic PSBP block. Whereas the addition of NaBr notably shifts the swelling temperature of PSBP to lower temperatures, the collapse temperature of PNIPMAM remains unaffected by the presence of salt in the films.
The understanding of bidimensional materials dynamics and its electrolyte interface equilibrium, such as graphene oxide (GO), is critical for the development of a capacitive biosensing platform. The interfacial capacitance (C-i) of graphene-based materials may be tuned by experimental conditions such as pH optimization and cation size playing key roles at the enhancement of their capacitive properties allowing their application as novel capacitive biosensors. Here we reported a systematic study of C-i of multilayer GO films in different aqueous electrolytes employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the application in a capacitive detection system. We demonstrated that the presence of ionizable oxygen-containing functional groups within multilayer GO film favors the interactions and the accumulation of cations in the structure of the electrodes enhancing the GO C-i in aqueous solutions, where at pH 7.0 (the best condition) the C-i was 340 mu F mg(-1) at -0.01 V vs Ag/AgCl. We also established that the hydrated cation radius affects the mobility and interaction with GO functional groups and it plays a critical role in the Ci, as demonstrated in the presence of different cations Na+=640 mu F mg(-1), Li+=575 mu F mg(-1) and TMA(+)=477 mu F mg(-1). As a proof-of-concept, the capacitive behaviour of GO was explored as biosensing platform for standard streptavidin-biotin systems. For this system, the C-i varied linearly with the log of the concentration of the targeting analyte in the range from 10 pg mL(-1) to 100 ng mL(-1), showing the promising applicability of capacitive GO based sensors for label-free biosensing.
Carbon nitride semiconductors: properties and application as photocatalysts in organic synthesis
(2023)
Graphitic carbon nitrides (g-CNs) are represented by melon-type g-CN, poly(heptazine imides) (PHIs), triazine-based g-CN and poly(triazine imide) with intercalated LiCl (PTI/Li+Cl‒). These materials are composed of sp2-hybridized carbon and nitrogen atoms; C:N ratio is close to 3:4; the building unit is 1,3,5-triazine or tri-s-triazine; the building units are interconnected covalently via sp2-hybridized nitrogen atoms or NH-moieties; the layers are assembled into a stack via weak van der Waals forces as in graphite. Due to medium band gap (~2.7 eV) g-CNs, such as melon-type g-CN and PHIs, are excited by photons with wavelength ≤ 460 nm. Since 2009 g-CNs have been actively studied as photocatalysts in evolution of hydrogen and oxygen – two half-reactions of full water splitting, by employing corresponding sacrificial agents. At the same time application of g-CNs as photocatalysts in organic synthesis has been remaining limited to few reactions only. Cumulative Habilitation summarizes research work conducted by the group ‘Innovative Heterogeneous Photocatalysis’ between 2017-2023 in the field of carbon nitride organic photocatalysis, which is led by Dr. Oleksandr Savatieiev.
g-CN photocatalysts activate molecules, i.e. generate their more reactive open-shell intermediates, via three modes: i) Photoinduced electron transfer (PET); ii) Excited state proton-coupled electron transfer (ES-PCET) or direct hydrogen atom transfer (dHAT); iii) Energy transfer (EnT). The scope of reactions that proceed via oxidative PET, i.e. one-electron oxidation of a substrate to the corresponding radical cation, are represented by synthesis of sulfonylchlorides from S-acetylthiophenols. The scope of reactions that proceed via reductive PET, i.e. one-electron reduction of a substrate to the corresponding radical anion, are represented by synthesis of γ,γ-dichloroketones from the enones and chloroform.
Due to abundance of sp2-hybridized nitrogen atoms in the structure of g-CN materials, they are able to cleave X-H bonds in organic molecules and store temporary hydrogen atom. ES-PCET or dHAT mode of organic molecules activation to the corresponding radicals is implemented for substrates featuring relatively acidic X-H bonds and those that are characterized by low bond dissociation energy, such as C-H bond next to the heteroelements. On the other hand, reductively quenched g-CN carrying hydrogen atom reduces a carbonyl compound to the ketyl radical via PCET that is thermodynamically more favorable pathway compared to the electron transfer. The scope of these reactions is represented by cyclodimerization of α,β-unsaturated ketones to cyclopentanoles.
g-CN excited state demonstrates complex dynamics with the initial formation of singlet excited state, which upon intersystem crossing produces triplet excited state that is characterized by the lifetime > 2 μs. Due to long lifetime, g-CN activate organic molecules via EnT. For example, g-CN sensitizes singlet oxygen, which is the key intermediate in the dehydrogenation of aldoximes to nitrileoxides. The transient nitrileoxide undergoes [3+2]-cycloaddition to nitriles and gives oxadiazoles-1,2,4.
PET, ES-PCET and EnT are fundamental phenomena that are applied beyond organic photocatalysis. Hybrid composite is formed by combining conductive polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K-PHI). Upon PET, K-PHI modulated population of polarons and therefore conductivity of PEDOT:PSS. The initial state of PEDOT:PSS is recovered upon material exposure to O2. K-PHI:PEDOT:PSS may be applied in O2 sensing.
In the presence of electron donors, such as tertiary amines and alcohols, and irradiation with light, K-PHI undergoes photocharging – the g-CN material accumulates electrons and charge-compensating cations. Such photocharged state is stable under anaerobic conditions for weeks, but at the same time it is a strong reductant. This feature allows decoupling in time light harvesting and energy storage in the form of electron-proton couples from utilization in organic synthesis. The photocharged state of K-PHI reduces nitrobenzene to aniline, and enables dimerization of α,β-unsaturated ketones to hexadienones in dark.
Poly(N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)acrylamide) (PbMOEAm) featuring two classical chemical motifs from non-ionic water-soluble polymers, namely, the amide and ethyleneglycolether moieties, was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This tertiary polyacrylamide is thermoresponsive exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase transition. A series of homo- and block copolymers with varying molar masses but low dispersities and different end groups were prepared. Their thermoresponsive behavior in aqueous solution was analyzed via turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cloud points (CP) increased with increasing molar masses, converging to 46 degrees C for 1 wt% solutions. This rise is attributed to the polymers' hydrophobic end groups incorporated via the RAFT agents. When a surfactant-like strongly hydrophobic end group was attached using a functional RAFT agent, CP was lowered to 42 degrees C, i.e., closer to human body temperature. Also, the effect of added salts, in particular, the role of the Hofmeister series, on the phase transition of PbMOEAm was investigated, exemplified for the kosmotropic fluoride, intermediate chloride, and chaotropic thiocyanate anions. A pronounced shift of the cloud point of about 10 degrees C to lower or higher temperatures was observed for 0.2 M fluoride and thiocyanate, respectively. When PbMOEAm was attached to a long hydrophilic block of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAm), the cloud points of these block copolymers were strongly shifted towards higher temperatures. While no phase transition was observed for PDMAm-b-pbMOEAm with short thermoresponsive blocks, block copolymers with about equally sized PbMOEAm and PDMAm blocks underwent the coil-to-globule transition around 60 degrees C.
Global warming, driven primarily by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, has led to severe and detrimental environmental impacts. Rising global temperatures have triggered a cascade of adverse effects, including melting glaciers and polar ice caps, more frequent and intense heat waves disrupted weather patterns, and the acidification of oceans. These changes adversely affect ecosystems, biodiversity, and human societies, threatening food security, water availability, and livelihoods. One promising solution to mitigate the harmful effects of global warming is the widespread adoption of solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells. Solar cells harness sunlight to generate electricity without emitting greenhouse gases or other pollutants. By replacing fossil fuel-based energy sources, solar cells can significantly reduce CO2 emissions, a significant contributor to global warming. This transition to clean, renewable energy can help curb the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, thereby slowing down the rate of global temperature rise.
Solar energy’s positive impact extends beyond emission reduction. As solar panels become more efficient and affordable, they empower individuals, communities, and even entire nations to generate electricity and become less dependent on fossil fuels. This decentralized energy generation can enhance resilience in the face of climate-related challenges. Moreover, implementing solar cells creates green jobs and stimulates technological innovation, further promoting sustainable economic growth. As solar technology advances, its integration with energy storage systems and smart grids can ensure a stable and reliable energy supply, reducing the need for backup fossil fuel power plants that exacerbate environmental degradation.
The market-dominant solar cell technology is silicon-based, highly matured technology with a highly systematic production procedure. However, it suffers from several drawbacks, such as: 1) Cost: still relatively high due to high energy consumption due to the need to melt and purify silicon, and the use of silver as an electrode, which hinders their widespread availability, especially in low-income countries. 2) Efficiency: theoretically, it should deliver around 29%; however, the efficiency of most of the commercially available silicon-based solar cells ranges from 18 – 22%. 3) Temperature sensitivity: The efficiency decreases with the increase in the temperature, affecting their output. 4) Resource constraints: silicon as a raw material is unavailable in all countries, creating supply chain challenges.
Perovskite solar cells arose in 2011 and matured very rapidly in the last decade as a highly efficient and versatile solar cell technology. With an efficiency of 26%, high absorption coefficients, solution processability, and tunable band gap, it attracted the attention of the solar cells community. It represented a hope for cheap, efficient, and easily processable next-generation solar cells. However, lead toxicity might be the block stone hindering perovskite solar cells’ market reach. Lead is a heavy and bioavailable element that makes perovskite solar cells environmentally unfriendly technology. As a result, scientists try to replace lead with a more environmentally friendly element. Among several possible alternatives, tin was the most suitable element due to its electronic and atomic structure similarity to lead.
Tin perovskites were developed to alleviate the challenge of lead toxicity. Theoretically, it shows very high absorption coefficients, an optimum band gap of 1.35 eV for FASnI3, and a very high short circuit current, which nominates it to deliver the highest possible efficiency of a single junction solar cell, which is around 30.1% according to Schockly-Quisser limit. However, tin perovskites’ efficiency still lags below 15% and is irreproducible, especially from lab to lab. This humble performance could be attributed to three reasons: 1) Tin (II) oxidation to tin (IV), which would happen due to oxygen, water, or even by the effect of the solvent, as was discovered recently. 2) fast crystallization dynamics, which occurs due to the lateral exposure of the P-orbitals of the tin atom, which enhances its reactivity and increases the crystallization pace. 3) Energy band misalignment: The energy bands at the interfaces between the perovskite absorber material and the charge selective layers are not aligned, leading to high interfacial charge recombination, which devastates the photovoltaic performance. To solve these issues, we implemented several techniques and approaches that enhanced the efficiency of tin halide perovskites, providing new chemically safe solvents and antisolvents. In addition, we studied the energy band alignment between the charge transport layers and the tin perovskite absorber.
Recent research has shown that the principal source of tin oxidation is the solvent known as dimethylsulfoxide, which also happens to be one of the most effective solvents for processing perovskite. The search for a stable solvent might prove to be the factor that makes all the difference in the stability of tin-based perovskites. We started with a database of over 2,000 solvents and narrowed it down to a series of 12 new solvents that are suitable for processing FASnI3 experimentally. This was accomplished by looking into 1) the solubility of the precursor chemicals FAI and SnI2, 2) the thermal stability of the precursor solution, and 3) the potential to form perovskite. Finally, we show that it is possible to manufacture solar cells using a novel solvent system that outperforms those produced using DMSO. The results of our research give some suggestions that may be used in the search for novel solvents or mixes of solvents that can be used to manufacture stable tin-based perovskites.
Due to the quick crystallization of tin, it is more difficult to deposit tin-based perovskite films from a solution than manufacturing lead-based perovskite films since lead perovskite is more often utilized. The most efficient way to get high efficiencies is to deposit perovskite from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which slows down the quick construction of the tin-iodine network that is responsible for perovskite synthesis. This is the most successful approach for achieving high efficiencies. Dimethyl sulfoxide, which is used in the processing, is responsible for the oxidation of tin, which is a disadvantage of this method. This research presents a potentially fruitful alternative in which 4-(tert-butyl) pyridine can substitute dimethyl sulfoxide in the process of regulating crystallization without causing tin oxidation to take place. Perovskite films that have been formed from pyridine have been shown to have a much-reduced defect density. This has resulted in increased charge mobility and better photovoltaic performance, making pyridine a desirable alternative for use in the deposition of tin perovskite films.
The precise control of perovskite precursor crystallization inside a thin film is of utmost importance for optimizing the efficiency and manufacturing of solar cells. The deposition process of tin-based perovskite films from a solution presents difficulties due to the quick crystallization of tin compared to the more often employed lead perovskite. The optimal approach for attaining elevated efficiencies entails using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a medium for depositing perovskite. This choice of solvent impedes the tin-iodine network’s fast aggregation, which plays a crucial role in the production of perovskite. Nevertheless, this methodology is limited since the utilization of dimethyl sulfoxide leads to the oxidation of tin throughout the processing stage. In this thesis, we present a potentially advantageous alternative approach wherein 4-(tert-butyl) pyridine is proposed as a substitute for dimethyl sulfoxide in regulating crystallization processes while avoiding the undesired consequence of tin oxidation. Films of perovskite formed using pyridine as a solvent have a notably reduced density of defects, resulting in higher mobility of charges and improved performance in solar applications. Consequently, the utilization of pyridine for the deposition of tin perovskite films is considered advantageous.
Tin perovskites are suffering from an apparent energy band misalignment. However, the band diagrams published in the current body of research display contradictions, resulting in a dearth of unanimity. Moreover, comprehensive information about the dynamics connected with charge extraction is lacking. This thesis aims to ascertain the energy band locations of tin perovskites by employing the kelvin probe and Photoelectron yield spectroscopy methods. This thesis aims to construct a precise band diagram for the often-utilized device stack. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis is performed to assess the energy deficits inherent in the current energetic structure of tin halide perovskites. In addition, we investigate the influence of BCP on the improvement of electron extraction in C60/BCP systems, with a specific emphasis on the energy factors involved. Furthermore, transient surface photovoltage was utilized to investigate the charge extraction kinetics of frequently studied charge transport layers, such as NiOx and PEDOT as hole transport layers and C60, ICBA, and PCBM as electron transport layers. The Hall effect, KP, and TRPL approaches accurately ascertain the p-doping concentration in FASnI3. The results consistently demonstrated a value of 1.5 * 1017 cm-3. Our research findings highlight the imperative nature of autonomously constructing the charge extraction layers for tin halide perovskites, apart from those used for lead perovskites.
The crystallization of perovskite precursors relies mainly on the utilization of two solvents. The first one dissolves the perovskite powder to form the precursor solution, usually called the solvent. The second one precipitates the perovskite precursor, forming the wet film, which is a supersaturated solution of perovskite precursor and in the remains of the solvent and the antisolvent. Later, this wet film crystallizes upon annealing into a full perovskite crystallized film. In our research context, we proposed new solvents to dissolve FASnI3, but when we tried to form a film, most of them did not crystallize. This is attributed to the high coordination strength between the metal halide and the solvent molecules, which is unbreakable by the traditionally used antisolvents such as Toluene and Chlorobenzene. To solve this issue, we introduce a high-throughput antisolvent screening in which we screened around 73 selected antisolvents against 15 solvents that can form a 1M FASnI3 solution. We used for the first time in tin perovskites machine learning algorithm to understand and predict the effect of an antisolvent on the crystallization of a precursor solution in a particular solvent. We relied on film darkness as a primary criterion to judge the efficacy of a solvent-antisolvent pair. We found that the relative polarity between solvent and antisolvent is the primary factor that affects the solvent-antisolvent interaction. Based on our findings, we prepared several high-quality tin perovskite films free from DMSO and achieved an efficiency of 9%, which is the highest DMSO tin perovskite device so far.
The water swelling and subsequent solvent exchange including co-nonsolvency behavior of thin films of a doubly thermo-responsive diblock copolymer (DBC) are studied viaspectral reflectance, time-of-flight neutron reflectometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
The DBC consists of a thermo-responsive zwitterionic (poly(4-((3-methacrylamidopropyl) dimethylammonio) butane-1-sulfonate)) (PSBP) block, featuring an upper critical solution temperature transition in aqueous media but being insoluble in acetone, and a nonionic poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) block, featuring a lower critical solution temperature transition in water, while being soluble in acetone.
Homogeneous DBC films of 50-100 nm thickness are first swollen in saturated water vapor (H2OorD2O), before they are subjected to a contraction process by exposure to mixed saturated water/acetone vapor (H2OorD2O/acetone-d6 = 9:1 v/v).
The affinity of the DBC film toward H2O is stronger than for D2O, as inferred from the higher film thickness in the swollen state and the higher absorbed water content, thus revealing a pronounced isotope sensitivity.
During the co-solvent-induced switching by mixed water/acetone vapor, a two-step film contraction is observed, which is attributed to the delayed expulsion of water molecules and uptake of acetone molecules.
The swelling kinetics are compared for both mixed vapors (H2O/acetone-d6 and D2O/acetone-d6) and with those of the related homopolymer films.
Moreover, the concomitant variations of the local environment around the hydrophilic groups located in the PSBP and PNIPMAM blocks are followed.
The first contraction step turns out to be dominated by the behavior of the PSBP block, where as the second one is dominated by the PNIPMAM block.
The unusual swelling and contraction behavior of the latter block is attributed to its co-nonsolvency behavior.
Furthermore, we observe cooperative hydration effects in the DBC films, that is, both polymer blocks influence each other's solvation behavior.
Thermally stable photoswitches that are driven with low-energy light are rare, yet crucial for extending the applicability of photoresponsive molecules and materials towards, e.g., living systems. Combined ortho-fluorination and -amination couples high visible light absorptivity of o-aminoazobenzenes with the extraordinary bistability of o-fluoroazobenzenes. Herein, we report a library of easily accessible o-aminofluoroazobenzenes and establish structure-property relationships regarding spectral qualities, visible light isomerization efficiency and thermal stability of the cis-isomer with respect to the degree of o-substitution and choice of amino substituent. We rationalize the experimental results with quantum chemical calculations, revealing the nature of low-lying excited states and providing insight into thermal isomerization. The synthesized azobenzenes absorb at up to 600 nm and their thermal cis-lifetimes range from milliseconds to months. The most unique example can be driven from trans to cis with any wavelength from UV up to 595 nm, while still exhibiting a thermal cis-lifetime of 81 days. <br /> [GRAPHICS] <br /> .
Poly(ionic liquid)s (PIL) are common precursors for heteroatom-doped carbon materials. Despite a relatively higher carbonization yield, the PIL-to-carbon conversion process faces challenges in preserving morphological and structural motifs on the nanoscale. Assisted by a thin polydopamine coating route and ion exchange, imidazoliumbased PIL nanovesicles were successfully applied in morphology-maintaining carbonization to prepare carbon composite nanocapsules. Extending this strategy further to their composites, we demonstrate the synthesis of carbon composite nanocapsules functionalized with iron nitride nanoparticles of an ultrafine, uniform size of 3-5 nm (termed "FexN@C "). Due to its unique nanostructure, the sulfur-loaded FexN@C electrode was tested to efficiently mitigate the notorious shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in Li-S batteries. The cavity of the carbon nanocapsules was spotted to better the loading content of sulfur. The well-dispersed iron nitride nanoparticles effectively catalyze the conversion of LiPSs to Li2S, owing to their high electronic conductivity and strong binding power to LiPSs. Benefiting from this well-crafted composite nanostructure, the constructed FexN@C/S cathode demonstrated a fairly high discharge capacity of 1085 mAh g(-1) at 0.5 C initially, and a remaining value of 930 mAh g(-1 )after 200 cycles. In addition, it exhibits an excellent rate capability with a high initial discharge capacity of 889.8 mAh g(-1) at 2 C. This facile PIL-to-nanocarbon synthetic approach is applicable for the exquisite design of complex hybrid carbon nanostructures with potential use in electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
Shape-memory hydrogels (SMH) are multifunctional, actively-moving polymers of interest in biomedicine. In loosely crosslinked polymer networks, gelatin chains may form triple helices, which can act as temporary net points in SMH, depending on the presence of salts. Here, we show programming and initiation of the shape-memory effect of such networks based on a thermomechanical process compatible with the physiological environment. The SMH were synthesized by reaction of glycidylmethacrylated gelatin with oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) alpha,omega-dithiols of varying crosslinker length and amount. Triple helicalization of gelatin chains is shown directly by wide-angle X-ray scattering and indirectly via the mechanical behavior at different temperatures. The ability to form triple helices increased with the molar mass of the crosslinker. Hydrogels had storage moduli of 0.27-23 kPa and Young's moduli of 215-360 kPa at 4 degrees C. The hydrogels were hydrolytically degradable, with full degradation to water-soluble products within one week at 37 degrees C and pH = 7.4. A thermally-induced shape-memory effect is demonstrated in bending as well as in compression tests, in which shape recovery with excellent shape-recovery rates R-r close to 100% were observed. In the future, the material presented here could be applied, e.g., as self-anchoring devices mechanically resembling the extracellular matrix.
The nanoscale combination of a conductive carbon and a carbon-based material with abundant heteroatoms for battery electrodes is a method to overcome the limitation that the latter has high affinity to alkali metal ions but low electronic conductivity. The synthetic protocol and the individual ratios and structures are important aspects influencing the properties of such multifunctional compounds. Their interplay is, herein, investigated by infiltration of a porous ZnO-templated carbon (ZTC) with nitrogen-rich carbon obtained by condensation of hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) at 550-1000 degrees C. The density of lithiophilic sites can be controlled by HAT-CN content and condensation temperature. Lithium storage properties are significantly improved in comparison with those of the individual compounds and their physical mixtures. Depending on the uniformity of the formed composite, loading ratio and condensation temperature have different influence. Most stable operation at high capacity per used monomer is achieved with a slowly dried composite with an HAT-CN:ZTC mass ratio of 4:1, condensed at 550 degrees C, providing more than 400 mAh g(-1) discharge capacity at 0.1 A g(-1) and a capacity retention of 72% after 100 cycles of operation at 0.5 A g(-1) due to the homogeneity of the composite and high content of lithiophilic sites.
Advanced catalysis triggered by photothermal conversion effects has aroused increasing interest due to its huge potential in environmental purification.
In this work, we developed a novel approach to the fast degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-Nip) using porous MoS2 nanoparticles as catalysts, which integrate the intrinsic catalytic property of MoS2 with its photothermal conversion capability.
Using assembled polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) block copolymers as soft templates, various MoS 2 particles were prepared, which exhibited tailored morphologies (e.g., pomegranate-like, hollow, and open porous structures).
The photothermal conversion performance of these featured particles was compared under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation.
Intriguingly, when these porous MoS2 particles were further employed as catalysts for the reduction of 4-Nip, the reaction rate constant was increased by a factor of 1.5 under NIR illumination.
We attribute this catalytic enhancement to the open porous architecture and light-to-heat conversion performance of the MoS2 particles. This contribution offers new opportunities for efficient photothermal-assisted catalysis.
Bimetallic nanostructures comprising plasmonic and catalytic components have recently emerged as a promising approach to generate a new type of photo-enhanced nanoreactors. Most designs however concentrate on plasmon-induced charge separation, leaving photo-generated heat as a side product.
This work presents a photoreactor based on Au-Pd nanorods with an optimized photothermal conversion, which aims to effectively utilize the photo-generated heat to increase the rate of Pd-catalyzed reactions. Dumbbell-shaped Au nanorods were fabricated via a seed-mediated growth method using binary surfactants. Pd clusters were selectively grown at the tips of the Au nanorods, using the zeta potential as a new synthetic parameter to indicate the surfactant remaining on the nanorod surface.
The photothermal conversion of the Au-Pd nanorods was improved with a thin layer of polydopamine (PDA) or TiO2.
As a result, a 60% higher temperature increment of the dispersion compared to that for bare Au rods at the same light intensity and particle density could be achieved.
The catalytic performance of the coated particles was then tested using the reduction of 4-nitrophenol as the model reaction. Under light, the PDA-coated Au-Pd nanorods exhibited an improved catalytic activity, increasing the reaction rate by a factor 3.
An analysis of the activation energy confirmed the photoheating effect to be the dominant mechanism accelerating the reaction. Thus, the increased photothermal heating is responsible for the reaction acceleration.
Interestingly, the same analysis shows a roughly 10% higher reaction rate for particles under illumination compared to under dark heating, possibly implying a crucial role of localized heat gradients at the particle surface.
Finally, the coating thickness was identified as an essential parameter determining the photothermal conversion efficiency and the reaction acceleration.
The influence of polymer architecture of polycations on their ability to transfect mammalian cells is probed. Polymer bottle brushes with grafts made from partially hydrolysed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) are used while varying the length of the polymer backbone as well as the degree of hydrolysis (cationic charge content). Polyplex formation is investigated via gel electrophoresis, dye-displacement and dynamic light scattering. Bottle brushes show a superior ability to complex pDNA when compared to linear copolymers. Also, nucleic acid release was found to be improved by a graft architecture. Polyplexes based on bottle brush copolymers showed an elongated shape in transmission electron microscopy images. The cytotoxicity against mammalian cells is drastically reduced when a graft architecture is used instead of linear copolymers. Moreover, the best-performing bottle brush copolymer showed a transfection ability comparable with that of linear poly(ethylenimine), the gold standard of polymeric transfection agents, which is used as positive control. In combination with their markedly lowered cytotoxicity, cationic bottle brush copolymers are therefore shown to be a highly promising class of gene delivery vectors.
The catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles (NPs) supported on porous supports can be controlled by various factors, such as NPs size, shape, or dispersivity, as well as their interaction with the support or the properties of the support material itself. However, these intrinsic properties are not solely responsible for the catalytic behavior of the overall reaction system, as the local environment and surface coverage of the catalyst with reactants, products, intermediates and other invloved species often play a crucial role in catalytic processes as well. Their contribution can be particularly critical in liquid-phase reactions with gaseous reactants that often suffer from low solubiltiy. One example is (D)-glucose oxidation with molecular oxygen over gold nanoparticles supported on porous carbons. The possibility to promote oxygen delivery in such aqueous phase oxidation reactions via the immobilization of heterogenous catalysts onto the interface of perfluorocarbon emulsion droplets is reported here. Gold-on-carbon catalyst particles can stabilize perfluorocarbon droplets in the aqueous phase and the local concentration of the oxidant in the surroundings of the gold nanoparticles accelerates the rate-limiting step of the reaction. Consequently, the reaction rate of a system with the optimal volume fraction of fluorocarbon is higher than a reference emulsion system without fluorocarbon, and the effect is observed even without additional oxygen supply.
Advances in characteristics improvement of polymeric membranes/separators for zinc-air batteries
(2022)
Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) are gaining popularity for a wide range of applications due to their high energy density, excellent safety, and environmental friendliness. A membrane/separator is a critical component of ZABs, with substantial implications for battery performance and stability, particularly in the case of a battery in solid state format, which has captured increased attention in recent years. In this review, recent advances as well as insight into the architecture of polymeric membrane/separators for ZABs including porous polymer separators (PPSs), gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are discussed. The paper puts forward strategies to enhance stability, ionic conductivity, ionic selectivity, electrolyte storage capacity and mechanical properties for each type of polymeric membrane. In addition, the remaining major obstacles as well as the most potential avenues for future research are examined in detail.
Mycotoxins and pesticides regularly co-occur in agricultural products worldwide. Thus, humans can be exposed to both toxic contaminants and pesticides simultaneously, and multi-methods assessing the occurrence of various food contaminants and residues in a single method are necessary. A two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of 40 (modified) mycotoxins, two plant growth regulators, two tropane alkaloids, and 334 pesticides in cereals was developed. After an acetonitrile/water/formic acid (79:20:1, v/v/v) multi-analyte extraction procedure, extracts were injected into the two-dimensional setup, and an online clean-up was performed. The method was validated according to Commission Decision (EC) no. 657/2002 and document N° SANTE/12682/2019. Good linearity (R2 > 0.96), recovery data between 70-120%, repeatability and reproducibility values < 20%, and expanded measurement uncertainties < 50% were obtained for a wide range of analytes, including very polar substances like deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside and methamidophos. However, results for fumonisins, zearalenone-14,16-disulfate, acid-labile pesticides, and carbamates were unsatisfying. Limits of quantification meeting maximum (residue) limits were achieved for most analytes. Matrix effects varied highly (−85 to +1574%) and were mainly observed for analytes eluting in the first dimension and early-eluting analytes in the second dimension. The application of the method demonstrated the co-occurrence of different types of cereals with 28 toxins and pesticides. Overall, 86% of the samples showed positive findings with at least one mycotoxin, plant growth regulator, or pesticide.
The use of organic materials with reversible redox activity holds enormous potential for next-generation Li-ion energy storage devices. Yet, most candidates are not truly sustainable, i.e., not derived from renewable feedstock or made in benign reactions. Here an attempt is reported to resolve this issue by synthesizing an organic cathode material from tannic acid and microporous carbon derived from biomass. All constituents, including the redox-active material and conductive carbon additive, are made from renewable resources. Using a simple, sustainable fabrication method, a hybrid material is formed. The low cost and ecofriendly material shows outstanding performance with a capacity of 108 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1) and low capacity fading, retaining approximately 80% of the maximum capacity after 90 cycles. With approximately 3.4 V versus Li+/Li, the cells also feature one of the highest reversible redox potentials reported for biomolecular cathodes. Finally, the quinone-catecholate redox mechanism responsible for the high capacity of tannic acid is confirmed by electrochemical characterization of a model compound similar to tannic acid but without catecholic groups.
Electrical actuation of coated and composite fibers based on poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)]
(2020)
Robots are typically controlled by electrical signals. Resistive heating is an option to electrically trigger actuation in thermosensitive polymer systems. In this study electrically triggerable poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] (PEVA)-based fiber actuators are realized as composite fibers as well as polymer fibers with conductive coatings. In the coated fibers, the core consists of crosslinked PEVA (cPEVA), while the conductive coating shell is achieved via a dip coating procedure with a coating thickness between 10 and 140 mu m. The conductivity of coated fibers sigma = 300-550 S m(-1) is much higher than that of the composite fibers sigma = 5.5 S m(-1). A voltage (U) of 110 V is required to heat 30 cm of coated fiber to a targeted temperature of approximate to 65 degrees C for switching in less than a minute. Cyclic electrical actuation investigations reveal epsilon '(rev) = 5 +/- 1% reversible change in length for coated fibers. The fabrication of such electro-conductive polymeric actuators is suitable for upscaling so that their application potential as artificial muscles can be explored in future studies.
We present a comparative study of the gas-phase UV spectra of uracil and its thionated counterparts (2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil and 2,4-dithiouracil), closely supported by time-dependent density functional theory calculations to assign the transitions observed. We systematically discuss pure gas-phase spectra for the (thio)uracils in the range of 200-400 nm (similar to 3.2-6.4 eV), and examine the spectra of all four species with a single theoretical approach. We note that specific vibrational modelling is needed to accurately determine the spectra across the examined wavelength range, and systematically model the transitions that appear at wavelengths shorter than 250 nm. Additionally, we find in the cases of 2-thiouracil and 2,4-dithiouracil, that the gas-phase spectra deviate significantly from some previously published solution-phase spectra, especially those collected in basic environments.
Polypropylene as one of the world's top commodity polymers is also widely used in the textile industry. However, its non-polar nature and partially crystalline structure significantly complicate the process of industrial coloring of polypropylene. Currently, textiles made of polypropylene or with a significant proportion of polypropylene are dyed under quite harsh conditions, including the use of high pressures and temperatures, which makes this process energy intensive. This research presents a three-step synthesis of coloring agents, capable of adhering onto synthetic polypropylene yarns without harsh energy-consuming conditions. This is possible by encapsulation of organic pigments using trimethoxyphenylsilane, introduction of surface double bonds via modification of the silica shell with trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate and final attachment of highly adhesive anchor peptides using thiol-ene chemistry. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach by dyeing polypropylene yarns in a simple process under ambient conditions after giving a step-by-step guide for the synthesis of these new dyeing agents. Finally, the successful dyeing of the yarns is visualized, and its practicability is discussed.
Polypropylene as one of the world's top commodity polymers is also widely used in the textile industry. However, its non-polar nature and partially crystalline structure significantly complicate the process of industrial coloring of polypropylene. Currently, textiles made of polypropylene or with a significant proportion of polypropylene are dyed under quite harsh conditions, including the use of high pressures and temperatures, which makes this process energy intensive. This research presents a three-step synthesis of coloring agents, capable of adhering onto synthetic polypropylene yarns without harsh energy-consuming conditions. This is possible by encapsulation of organic pigments using trimethoxyphenylsilane, introduction of surface double bonds via modification of the silica shell with trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate and final attachment of highly adhesive anchor peptides using thiol-ene chemistry. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach by dyeing polypropylene yarns in a simple process under ambient conditions after giving a step-by-step guide for the synthesis of these new dyeing agents. Finally, the successful dyeing of the yarns is visualized, and its practicability is discussed.
The replacement of oxygen by sulfur atoms of [1,3]-dioxolo[4.5-f]benzodioxole (DBD) fluorescent dyes is an efficient way to adjust the photophysical properties (sulfur tuning). While previously developed S-4-DBD dyes exhibit considerably red-shifted absorption and emission wavelength, the heavy atom effect of four sulfur atoms cause low fluorescence quantum yields and short fluorescence lifetimes. Herein, we demonstrate that the replacement of less than four sulfur atoms (S-1-DBD, 1,2-S-2-DBD, and 1,4-S-2-DBD dyes) permits a fine-tuning of the photophysical properties. In some cases, a similar influence on the wavelength without the detrimental effect on the quantum yields and lifetimes is observed. Furthermore, the synthetic accessibility of S-1- and S-2-DBD dyes is improved, compared with S-4-DBD dyes. For coupling with biomolecules a series of reactive derivatives of the new dyes were developed (azides, OSu esters, alkynes, maleimides).