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When he founded Schocken Books in 1945, department store magnate, philanthropist, and publisher Salman Schocken (1877–1959) called his new American publishing business an imitation of its German predecessor, which had functioned from 1931 until 1938. He intended it to replicate the success of the Berlin Schocken Verlag by spiritually fortifying a Jewish community uncertain in its identity. The new company reflected the transnational transfer of people, ideas, and texts between Germany, Palestine/Israel, and the United States. Its success and near-failure raise questions about transnationalism and American Jewish culture: Can a culture be imposed on a population which has its own organs and agencies of cultural production? Had American Jewish culture developed organically to the specific place where several million Jews found themselves and according to uniquely American cultural patterns? The answers suggest that the concepts of transnationalism and cultural transfer complement each other as tools to analyze American Jewry in its American and Jewish contexts.
Foreign Entanglements
(2021)
The field of American Jewish studies has recently trained its focus on the transnational dimensions of its subject, reflecting in more sustained ways than before about the theories and methods of this approach. Yet, much of the insight to be gained from seeing American Jewry as constitutively entangled in many ways with other Jewries has not yet been realized. Transnational American Jewish studies are still in their infancy.
This issue of PaRDeS presents current research on the multiple entanglements of American with Central European, especially German-speaking Jewries in the 19th and 20th centuries. The articles reflect the wide range of topics that can benefit from a transnational understanding of the American Jewish experience as shaped by its foreign entanglements.
"Der vergessene Partner"
(2009)
"Wir mußten uns die Aufgabe stellen, wenigstens bei Eintritt eines bewaffneten Konfliktes jederzeit in der Lage zu sein, die fehlenden Waffen neu erstehen zu lassen; ähnlich wie es die nordamerikanische Armee, die aus Sparsamkeit in Friedenszeiten nur wenig stärker war als unsere Reichswehr, für den Ernstfall auf Grund der Erfahrungen im Weltkriege 1917 vorgesehen hatte. Meine Reise nach Nordamerika als Chef der Heeresleitung im Jahre 1927 gab in dieser Beziehung sehr gute Aufklärung für unsere Belange."
So betrachtete General Wilhelm Heye seinen eigenen Besuch in den USA und führte ein Kapitel der Beziehungen der Reichswehr zu einer auswärtigen Macht an, welches bisher kaum beachtet worden ist. Während die geheimen Verbindungen der Reichswehr zur Roten Armee bereits auf breites, wissenschaftliches Interesse gestoßen sind und Inhalt vielfacher Untersuchungen waren, so ist deren Zusammenarbeit mit der U.S. Army bisher kaum ins Blickfeld der historischen Forschung gerückt. Die Missionen und Kommandierungen zwischen 1922 und 1933 von nahezu 30 Offizieren, unter denen sich auch namhafte Vertreter wie Wilhelm Speidel, Werner von Blomberg und Walter Warlimont befanden, sind daher fast gänzlich unbekannt.
«Dilettanten des Lebens»
(2017)