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- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (5379) (entfernen)
The occurrence of two individuals of Zu cristatus at 2 m depth in coastal waters of the Gulf of Castellamare (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) together with records of this rare pan-Oceanic mesopelagic species is reported. Analyses of two mitochondrial genes (12 s and 16 s; 936 bp) revealed a 2.6% sequence divergence between Mediterranean and Pacific (Japanese) samples of the species.
In einer Wochenstubengesellschaft der Rauhhautfledermaus (Pipistrellus nathusii), in der Schorfheide im Norden Brandenburgs, wurde ein starkes Vorkommen der Roten Waldameise (Formica rufa) festgestellt. Die Fledermäuse waren offensichtlich durch die Anwesenheit der Ameisen nicht beunruhigt. Der ungewöhnlich enge Kontakt zwischen Ameisen und Fledermäusen führte zur Überlegung, dass es regelmässige Interaktionen zwischen Ameisen und Fledermäusen geben könnte, die beiden Seiten Vorteile bieten. Vergleichbare Beziehungen wurden bisher hauptsächlich bei Vögeln als anting beschrieben. Interaktionen zum gegenseitigen Vorteil sind zwischen Fledermäusen und Ameisen bisher kaum beachtet worden, so dass weitere Untersuchungen notwendig sind.
Dry lands are exposed to a highly variable environment and face a high risk of degradation. The effects of climate change are likely to increase this risk; thus a profound knowledge of the system dynamics is crucial for evaluating management options. This applies particularly for the interactions between water and vegetation, which exhibit strong feedbacks. To evaluate these feedbacks and the effects of climate change on soil moisture dynamics, we developed a generic, process-based, spatially explicit soil moisture model of two soil layers, which can be coupled with vegetation models. A time scale relevant for ecological processes can be simulated without difficulty, and the model avoids complex parameterization with data that are unavailable for most regions of the world. We applied the model to four sites in Israel along a precipitation and soil type gradient and assessed the effects of climate change by comparing possible climatic changes with present climate conditions. The results show that in addition to temperature, the total amount of precipitation and its intra-annual variability are an important driver of soil moisture patterns. This indicates that particularly with regard to climate change, the approach of many ecological models that simulate water dynamics on an annual base is far too simple to make reliable predictions. Thus, the introduced model can serve as a valuable tool to improve present ecological models of dry lands because of its focus on the applicability and transferability.
Recent progress in modelling individual growth has been achieved by combining the principal component analysis and the maximum likelihood principle. This combination models growth even in incomplete sets of data and in data obtained at irregular intervals. We re-analysed late 18th century longitudinal growth of German boys from the boarding school Carlsschule in Stuttgart. The boys aged 6-23 years, were measured at irregular 3-12 monthly intervals during the period 1771-1793. At the age of 18 years, mean height was 1652 mm, but height variation was large. The shortest boy reached 1474 mm, the tallest 1826 mm. Measured height closely paralleled modelled height, with mean difference of 4 mm, SD 7 mm. Seasonal height variation was found. Low growth rates occurred in spring and high growth rates in summer and autumn. The present study demonstrates that combining the principal component analysis and the maximum likelihood principle enables growth modelling in historic height data also.
The new species Erysiphe asclepiadis is described, illustrated and discussed. A new Chinese collection of Erysiphe robiniicola has recently been found that can be used to elucidate and discuss the confused taxonomy and nomenclature of this species and other taxa of Erysiphe s. lat. on Robinia spp. Based on a re-examination of type material in connection with the data given in the protologue, it can be shown that Capnodium lygodesmiae must be reduced to synonymy with Ampelomyces quisqualis. The confusion surrounding the name C. lygodesmiae, caused by the occurrence of the hyperparasite A. quisqualis on a powdery mildew fungus with abundant chasmothecia, is discussed in detail. The new combination, Golovinomyces caulicola (; Spolverinia caulicola), is proposed for the powdery mildew that serves as host of C. lygodesmiae.
The conidial stage and chasmothecia of Golovinomyces orontii have been found in Germany on cultivated Limnanthes douglasii. A powdery mildew anamorph found in the Netherlands on Malva alcea agrees morphologically with the Oidium of the latter species as well. Golovinomyces sp. (anamorph) on Parthenium integrifolium is described and discussed. Erysiphe sp. has been found in Germany on Acer opalus, and E. magnifica is recorded from Germany and Switzerland on Magnolia spp. Oidium passiflorae is new to Switzerland. An Oidium morphologically agreeing with the anamorph of Podosphaera aphanis has recently been collected on Exacum macranthum cultivated in a greenhouse, and conidiophores and conidia of a species of Podosphaera sect. Sphaerotheca subsect. Magnicellulatae (P. fusca complex) on Phlox paniculata and Polemonium caeruleum have been found in Germany.
The introduction of a new powdery mildew disease on Rhus hirta in various parts of Germany (Brandenburg, Rhine- Westphalia, Sachsen-Anhalt and Saxony) is reported. The anamorph found on this host agrees well with the North American Podosphaera pruinosa. Although the teleomorph has not yet been found in Germany and a molecular study has not yet been possible due to the lack of fresh North American material for a comparison, there is little doubt that the European outbreak of the Rhus powdery mildew disease may be referred to as Podosphaera pruinosa. Morphology, taxonomy and distribution of Podosphaera species on Rhus and other hosts of the Anacardiaceae are discussed in detail.
Monitoring animal populations in changing environments is crucial to wildlife conservation and management, but restrictions in resources are a recurring problem for wildlife managers and researchers throughout Africa. Land-use- induced shrub encroachment in Kalahari savannah rangelands has led to fragmentation of the landscape. Mammalian carnivores are particularly vulnerable to local extinction in fragmented landscapes, but their low numbers and their often nocturnal and secretive habits make them difficult to monitor. In this study, we tested the applicability of a passive tracking method and compared two measurement methods and index calculations for monitoring small carnivores across a grazing gradient in the southern Kalahari. During the four years of monitoring in a five-year period, we used the knowledge of indigenous Khoisan Bushmen for the identification of carnivore tracks on 640 sand transects (5 m x 250 m). Our results showed that this simple and inexpensive observation method enabled detailed monitoring of 10 small carnivore species across the grazing gradient. A binary index calculated an index based on presence/absence of a species' tracks on each transect, whereas the track intrusion index used the number of track intrusions to each transect for each species in its calculations. For less common species, the two indices were similar in trend and magnitude, because the number of intrusions to each transect was typically 1 or 0. Usually, the two indices showed relatively strong correlations. However, species with patchy distributions of higher numbers presented difficulties for the binary index to monitor trends, but not for the track intrusion index.
The list contains all the identified fungi collections of the excursion in 1998. In it were also included some records published by OTTO (2001) and few unpublished data of fungi mainly collected by V. Otte after 1998. Unless other information is given, all the fungal collections and their determination were done by the author. Most of the collections are integrated as exsiccata in the herbarium of the author.
Some aspects of the fungal flora in the Bol'Üoj Tha; area (NW-Caucasus) - During an excursion to the Bol'soj Tha; area in north-western Caucasus in the late summer of 1998 a number of mycological observations were made. 111 macrofungi species (30 ascomycetes, 81 basidiomycetes), 16 myxomycetes and 42 phytoparasitic fungi (15 Erysiphales, 27 Uredinales) were registered. The majority of the recorded macromycetes were decomposers of dead stems and logs of different trees and shrubs, especially of the dominating tree species Fagus orientalis and Abies nordmanniana. Bondarzewia montana, Hericium alpestre and Phellinus hartigii are typical colonisers of old Abies trunks and therefore of special interest. They were recorded several times, especially in the primeval forests of the excursion area. Some of the collected taxa like Daldinia petriniae, Hypoxylon cercidicola, H. liviae, Ophiostoma polyporicola, Pezoloma marchantiae, Ramsbottomia macracantha, Symphyosyria angelicae, Auriporia aurulenta, Flagelloscypha pilatii, Hymenochaete carpatica, Marasmius cf. rhododendrorum and Pellidiscus pallidus are discussed in detail. Some of the recorded taxa are probably new for the western Caucasus and in some cases also for Russia.
Analysis of phosphorylation dynamics under nitrogen limitation and nitrate or ammonium resupply
(2009)
The influence of coating polystyrene tissue culture plates with different proteins on murine hybridoma cell growth and antibody production was investigated. Fibronectin, collagen I, bovine serum albumin and laminin were used to coat NUNC and COSTAR cell culture plates. Cell number and antibody concentration in culture fluids were quantified as indicators for cell viability, proliferation and productivity. Adhesive behaviour, morphology, expression of surface receptors of hybridoma cells and the presence of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in cell lysates were characterized by cell adhesion experiments, microscopy, flow cytometry and Western Blot analysis. It was shown that coatings with fibronectin (0.2 ;g/ml) lead to a substantial improvement of cell growth by 50-70% and an increase of monoclonal antibody production by 100-120%. Collagen I coatings showed an improvement in cell growth by 30-70% and by 60% for the production of monoclonal antibodies. Coatings with BSA and laminin had minor effects on these parameters. It was found that the hybridoma cell lines used in this study did not express the ;2-chain of the ;2;1-integrin, which is responsible for binding to collagen and laminin. However, the presence of ;1- integrin on the cell surface was shown, which should enable hybridoma cells to bind fibronectin. We propose, therefore, that fibronectin adsorption to cell culture materials may be a promising approach to enhance the production of monoclonal antibodies by cultivated hybridoma cells.
Untersuchung und Veränderung der Genexpression und Proteinstabilität in Plastiden höherer Pflanzen
(2009)
Die vorliegende Untersuchung liefert neue Daten zur Verbreitung und zum Wirtsspektrum von ektoparasitischen Insekten in Sommerquartieren von Fledermaeusen in Brandenburg. Auf 1098 Fledermaeusen aus 9 Arten waren nur 49 Fledermausfloehe (5 Arten) und 67 Lausfliegen (3 Arten) vorhanden. Mit Nycteribia latreillii auf Myotis myotis wurde eine Lausfliegenart aufgefunden, fuer die es bisher keine Belege aus dem Norden Deutschlands und aus Brandenburg gab. Diese Art wurde bisher nur zweimal aus Deutschland gemeldet, letztmals 1962. Die 16 gefangenen Individuen deuten darauf, dass N. latreillii in dem Quartier eine groeßere Population bildet, die sich fuer weitere Studien eignen koennte. Bei der Untersuchung von Vespertilio murinus im Sommerquartier in Groeden wurden 18 Individuen der Flohart Ischnopsyllus obscurus gefangen. Fuer diese Art gab es bisher nur 3 Funde weniger Individuen in Deutschland. Ein morphologischer Vergleich mit einer Serie von Exemplaren der Art aus der Mongolei zeigte keine wesentlichen Unterschiede in verschiedenen Parametern und bestaetigt die weite Verbreitung von Ischnopsyllus obscurus.