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Berichtet wird von einer 1858 veröffentlichten Novelle, in der Alexander von Humboldt als Titelheld erschien. Der Verfasser, der preußische Offizier Eugen Hermann von Dedenroth, sandte Humboldt ein Exemplar des Buches in der Hoffnung auf eine lobende Notiz. Stattdessen beklagte sich Humboldt öffentlich „über die Unzartheit deutscher literarischer Gewohnheiten“.
Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Individualbeschwerden, die von den UN-Vertragsüberwachungsorganen – mit Ausnahme des Menschenrechtsausschusses – von August 2006 bis September 2007 behandelt wurden. Alle zitierten Dokumente sind über die Seiten des Büros der Hohen Kommissarin der für Menschenrechte der Vereinten Nationen (OHCHR) einsehbar.
X-ray spectroscopy is a sensitive probe of stellar winds. X-rays originate from optically thin shock-heated plasma deep inside the wind and propagate outwards throughout absorbing cool material. Recent analyses of the line ratios from He-like ions in the X-ray spectra of O-stars highlighted problems with this general paradigm: the measured line ratios of highest ions are consistent with the location of the hottest X-ray emitting plasma very close to the base of the wind, perhaps indicating the presence of a corona, while measurements from lower ions conform with the wind-embedded shock model. Generally, to correctly model the emerging Xray spectra, a detailed knowledge of the cool wind opacities based on stellar atmosphere models is prerequisite. A nearly grey stellar wind opacity for the X-rays is deduced from the analyses of high-resolution X-ray spectra. This indicates that the stellar winds are strongly clumped. Furthermore, the nearly symmetric shape of X-ray emission line profiles can be explained if the wind clumps are radially compressed. In massive binaries the orbital variations of X-ray emission allow to probe the opacity of the stellar wind; results support the picture of strong wind clumping. In high-mass X-ray binaries, the stochastic X-ray variability and the extend of the stellar-wind part photoionized by X-rays provide further strong evidence that stellar winds consist of dense clumps.
We summarize Chandra observations of the emission line profiles from 17 OB stars. The lines tend to be broad and unshifted. The forbidden/intercombination line ratios arising from Helium-like ions provide radial distance information for the X-ray emission sources, while the H-like to He-like line ratios provide X-ray temperatures, and thus also source temperature versus radius distributions. OB stars usually show power law differential emission measure distributions versus temperature. In models of bow shocks, we find a power law differential emission measure, a wide range of ion stages, and the bow shock flow around the clumps provides transverse velocities comparable to HWHM values. We find that the bow shock results for the line profile properties, consistent with the observations of X-ray line emission for a broad range of OB star properties.
1. Zur Typologisierung dreier Klassen von enschenrechten Menschenrechten 1.1 Rechtssystematisch 1.2 Historisch 1.3 Philosophisch 1.4 Politikwissenschaftlich 2. Die Klasse der WSK-Rechte 2.1. WSK-Rechte insgesamt 2.2 Teilklasse: Wirtschaftliche Rechte 2.3 Teilklasse: Soziale Rechte 2.4 Teilklasse: Kulturelle Rechte 3. Die WSK-Rechte im Einzelnen 3.1 Arbeit 3.2 Gerechte Arbeitsbedingungen 3.3 Gewerkschaftsbildung/Streikrecht 3.4 Soziale Sicherheit 3.5 Schutz der Familie 3.6 Angemessener Lebensstandard 3.7 Ernährung 3.8 Wohnen 3.9 Eigentum 3.10 Gesundheit 3.11 Bildung 3.12 Teilhabe am kulturellen Leben 3.13 Geistiges Eigentum 3.14 Wasser 4. Theorien globaler Gerechtigkeit
Luminous Blue Variables show strong changes in their stellar wind on time scales of typically years to decades when they expand and contract radially at approximately constant luminosity. Micro-variability on shorter time scales and amplitudes can be observed superimposed to the larger scale radial changes. I will show long-term time series of high resolution spectra which we have collected in the past 20 years for many of the well known LBVs together with a few time series of weekly sampling (HR Car, R40, R71, R110, R127, S Dor) covering a time windows of up to a few months. Wind variability is seen on short and intermediate time scales with the line profiles changing from P Cygni to inverse P Cygni and double peeked profiles sometimes for the same star and spectral line. On longer time scales the ionisation levels for all chemical elements change drastically due to the strong change of the temperature on the stellar surface. While on the long term the characteristic radial changes may have impact on the over all mass loss rates, the variabilities and asymmetries on short and intermediate time scales may cause false estimates of the mass loss rates when confronting models with the observed line profiles
The most massive stars are those with the shortest but most active life. One group of massive stars, the Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), of which only a few objects are known, are in particular of interest concerning the stability of stars. They have a high mass loss rate and are close to being instable. This is even more likely as rotation becomes an important factor in stellar evolution of these stars. Through massive stellar winds and sometimes giant eruptions, LBV nebulae are formed. Various aspects in the evolution in the LBV phase lead, beside the large scale morphological and kinematical differences, to a diversity of small structures like clumps, rims, and outflows in these nebulae.
We discuss the results of time-resolved spectroscopy of three presumably single Population I Wolf-Rayet stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud, where the ambient metallicity is $\sim 1/5 Z_\odot$. We were able to detect and follow numerous small-scale wind-embedded inhomogeneities in all observed stars. The general properties of the moving features, such as their velocity dispersions, emissivities and average accelerations, closely match the corresponding characteristics of small-scale inhomogeneities in the winds of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars.
The influence of the wind to the total continuum of OB supergiants is discussed. For wind velocity distributions with β > 1.0, the wind can have strong influence to the total continuum emission, even at optical wavelengths. Comparing the continuum emission of clumped and unclumped winds, especially for stars with high β values, delivers flux differences of up to 30% with maximum in the near-IR. Continuum observations at these wavelengths are therefore an ideal tool to discriminate between clumped and unclumped winds of OB supergiants.
Wider den „euro-atlantischen Internationalismus“ : Berliner Republik und Entgrenzung der Bundeswehr
(2007)
Inhalt: Frieden mit aller Gewalt schaffen? Tatbestand: Staatsterrorismus Das Weißbuch 2006 Bundesverfassungsgericht versus Bundesverwaltungsgericht Weltweites Interventionsrecht Lizenz zum Völkerrechtsbruch „Re-Transformation“ der Bundeswehr Prinzipien für einen sicherheitspolitischen Grundkonsens Breite öffentliche Debatte notwendig
When we pay close attention to the prosody of Wh-questions in Japanese, we discover many novel and interesting empirical puzzles that would require us to devise a much finer syntactic component of grammar. This paper addresses the issues that pose some problems to such an elaborated grammar, and offers solutions, making an appeal to the information structure and sentence processing involved in the interpretation of interrogative and focus constructions.
Extract: That the Celtic languages were of the Indo-European family was first recognised by Rasmus Christian Rask (*1787), a young Danish linguist, in 1818. However, the fact that he wrote in Danish meant that his discovery was not noted by the linguistic establishment until long after his untimely death in 1832. The same conclusion was arrived at independently of Rask and, apparently, of each other, by Adolphe Pictet (1836) and Franz Bopp (1837). This agreement between the foremost scholars made possible the completion of the picture of the spread of the Indo-European languages in the extreme west of the European continent. However, in the Middle Ages the speakers of Irish had no awareness of any special relationship between Irish and the other Celtic languages, and a scholar as linguistically competent as Cormac mac Cuillennáin (†908), or whoever compiled Sanas Chormaic, treated Welsh on the same basis as Greek, Latin, and the lingua northmannorum in the elucidation of the meaning and history of Irish words. [...]
The H.E.S.S. collaboration recently reported the discovery of VHE γ-ray emission coincident with the young stellar cluster Westerlund 2. This system is known to host a population of hot, massive stars, and, most particularly, the WR binary WR 20a. Particle acceleration to TeV energies in Westerlund 2 can be accomplished in several alternative scenarios, therefore we only discuss energetic constraints based on the total available kinetic energy in the system, the actual mass loss rates of respective cluster members, and implied gamma-ray production from processes such as inverse Compton scattering or neutral pion decay. From the inferred gammaray luminosity of the order of 1035erg/s, implications for the efficiency of converting available kinetic energy into non-thermal radiation associated with stellar winds in the Westerlund 2 cluster are discussed under consideration of either the presence or absence of wind clumping.
Rezensiertes Werk: Meck, Ute: Selbstmordattentäter - sterben, um zu töten : wie werden Menschen zu Selbstmordattentätern?; wie entstehen und funktionieren ihre Ideologien?; wie kann man dem Selbstmordterrorismus sinnvoll begegnen?; eine psychologische Analyse. - Frankfurt [am Main] : Verl. für Polizeiwissenschaft, 2007. - 208, LVII S. ISBN: 978-3-86676-002-8
Gamma-rays can be produced by the interaction of a relativistic jet and the matter of the stellar wind in the subclass of massive X-ray binaries known as “microquasars”. The relativistic jet is ejected from the surroundings of the compact object and interacts with cold protons from the stellar wind, producing pions that then quickly decay into gamma-rays. Since the resulting gamma-ray emissivity depends on the target density, the detection of rapid variability in microquasars with GLAST and the new generation of Cherenkov imaging arrays could be used to probe the clumped structure of the stellar wind. In particular, we show here that the relative fluctuation in gamma rays may scale with the square root of the ratio of porosity length to binary separation, $\sqrt{h/a}$, implying for example a ca. 10% variation in gamma ray emission for a quite moderate porosity, h/a ∼ 0.01.
Der Embryonale Stammzelltest (EST) ist ein validierter In-vitro-Embryotoxizitätstest, der zur Untersuchung embryotoxischer Wirkungen von Chemikalien eingesetzt werden kann. Während des zehntägigen Differenzierungsassays differenzieren sich die pluripotenten murinen embryonalen Stammzellen (ES-Zellen) der Linie D3 in vitro in spontan kontrahierende Herzmuskelzellen. Dabei rekapitulieren sie Prozesse der frühen Embryogenese in vivo. Ein Zytotoxizitätsassay mit D3-Zellen und ausdifferenzierten, adulten 3T3-Maus-Fibroblasten dient der Ermittlung allgemeiner zytotoxischer Effekte und unterschiedlicher Sensitivitäten beider Zelllinien. Somit basiert der EST auf den beiden wichtigsten Mechanismen pränataler Toxizität, der Störung der Differenzierung und der Zytotoxizität. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, mit Hilfe des EST das embryotoxische Potential der vier Chemikalien Trichostatin A (TSA), Methylazoxymethanolacetat (MAMac), Natriumdodecylsulfat (SDS) und Benzoesäure (BA) abzuschätzen. Dazu wurde mikroskopisch ermittelt, bei welcher Testsubstanzkonzentration in 50 % der während der In-vitro-Differenzierung gebildeten Embryonalkörperchen die Kardiomyozytendifferenzierung inhibiert wird (ID50). Außerdem wurde die halbmaximale Hemmkonzentration des Zellwachstums auf die beiden Zelllinien bestimmt (IC50D3 bzw. IC503T3). Als Erweiterung dieses konventionellen EST wurden mittels quantitativer Real Time-PCR an den Tagen 5, 7 und 10 der Differenzierung zusätzlich Genexpressionsanalysen etablierter herzmuskelspezifischer Markergene (Mesoderm Posterior 1, Tag 5; Myosin light chain 1, Tag 7 und 10) durchgeführt. Deren Expression korreliert in den ES-Zellen mit der embryonalen Herzdifferenzierung in vivo und kann zur Ermittlung der von der Prüfsubstanz hervorgerufenen halbmaximalen Hemmung der Genexpression in den Kardiomyozyten (IC50 Exp) herangezogen werden. Um letztlich embryotoxische Effekte in vivo auf Grundlage der ermittelten In-vitro-Daten abschätzen zu können, wurden die ermittelten Parameter mittels eines für den EST empirisch abgeleiteten mathematischen Prädiktionsmodells (PM) zur Klassifizierung der Testsubstanzen als nicht, schwach oder stark embryotoxisch herangezogen. Für jede der Substanzen waren die ermittelten Halbhemmkonzentrationen in den überwiegenden Fällen vergleichbar und führten unter Verwendung des PMs im konventionellen und im molekularen EST zu deren identischer Klassifizierung. TSA wurde als „stark embryotoxisch“ klassifiziert und beeinflusste insbesondere das Differenzierungspotential der ES-Zellen. Das als „schwach embryotoxisch“ klassifizierte SDS wirkte auf die D3-Zellen stärker differenzierungsinhibierend als zytotoxisch, hemmte jedoch das Wachstum der 3T3-Zellen bereits in deutlich niedrigeren Konzentrationen. MAMac und BA wurden als „nicht embryotoxisch“ klassifiziert. Bei ihnen stand die zytotoxische Wirkung deutlich im Vordergrund. Diese Prädiktionen stimmten mit In-vivo-Befunden überein, was von der Stabilität und der Brauchbarkeit der im konventionellen und molekularen EST ermittelten Parameter zeugte. Einzige Ausnahme war das als Entwicklungsneurotoxin in vivo bekannte MAMac. Da der EST auf mesodermaler Differenzierung basiert, können spezifische Effekte auf neuronale Entwicklungsprozesse offenbar nicht vollständig erfasst werden. Substanzkonzentrationen, die sich als differenzierungsinhibierend auf die morphologische Kardiomyozytendifferenzierung erwiesen haben, führten auch zu einer messbaren Repression der herzmuskelspezifischen Genexpression. Dabei erwies sich die IC50 Exp als ebenso sensitiv wie die konventionellen Parameter und als nutzbringende Ergänzung zu diesen, da sie bereits nach 5 bzw. 7 Tagen der In-vitro-Differenzierung eine mit dem mikroskopischen Parameter übereinstimmende Einschätzung des embryotoxischen Potentials der Chemikalien in vivo ermöglichte. Genexpressionsanalysen weiterer differenzierungsspezifischer Gene können zusätzlich zur Aufklärung zu Grunde liegender Mechanismen der Embryotoxizität von Testsubstanzen dienen. Somit kann der EST durch die Vorteile der Stammzelltechnologie und der Genexpressionsanalyse als neues prädiktives Screening-Instrument zur frühzeitigen Detektion embryotoxischer Substanzeffekte in der pharmazeutischen und chemischen Industrie genutzt werden.
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Stickstoff- und Phosphorprozesse im nordostdeutschen Tiefland detailliert zu untersuchen und Handlungsoptionen hinsichtlich der Landnutzung zur nachhaltigen Steuerung der Stickstoff- und Phosphoreinträge in die Fließgewässer aufzuzeigen. Als Grundvoraussetzung für die Modellierung des Nährstoffhaushaltes mussten zunächst die hydrologischen Prozesse und die Abflüsse für die Einzugsgebiete validiert werden. Dafür wurde in dieser Arbeit das ökohydrologische Modell SWIM verwendet. Die Abflussmodellierung umfasste den Zeitraum 1991 - 2000. Die Ergebnisse dazu zeigen, dass SWIM in der Lage war, die hydrologischen Prozesse in den Untersuchungsgebieten adäquat wiederzugeben. Auf der Grundlage der Modellierung des Wasserhaushaltes wurden mit SWIM die Stoffumsatzprozesse für den Zeitraum 1996 - 2000 simuliert. Um dabei besonders das Prozessgeschehen im Tiefland zu berücksichtigen, war die Erweiterung von SWIM um einen Ammonium-Pool mit dessen Umsatzprozessen erforderlich. Außerdem wurde der Prozess der Nährstoffversickerung so ergänzt, dass neben Nitrat auch Ammonium und Phosphat durch das gesamte Bodenprofil verlagert und über die Abflusskomponenten zum Gebietsauslass transportiert werden können. Mit diesen Modellerweiterungen konnten die Stickstoff und Phosphorprozesse in den Untersuchungsgebieten gut abgebildet werden. Mit dem so validierten Modell wurden weitere Anwendungen ermöglicht. Nährstoffsimulationen für den Zeitraum 1981 bis 2000 dienten der Untersuchung des abnehmenden Trends in den Nährstoffkonzentrationen der Nuthe. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse lassen deutlich erkennen, dass sich die Konzentrationen nach 1990 hauptsächlich auf Grund der Reduzierung der Einträge aus punktförmigen Quellen und Rieselfeldern verringert haben. Weitere Modellrechnungen zur Herkunft der Nährstoffe haben ergeben, dass Nitrat überwiegend aus diffusen Quellen, Ammonium und Phosphat dagegen aus punktförmigen Quellen stammen. Als besonders sensitiv auf die Modellergebnisse haben sich die Parameter zu Landnutzung und -management und die Durchwurzelungstiefe der Pflanzen herausgestellt. Abschließend wurden verschiedene Landnutzungsszenarien angewendet. Die Ergebnisse zu den Szenariorechnungen zeigen, dass fast alle vorgegebenen Landnutzungsszenarien zu einer Verringerung der Stickstoff- bzw. Phosphoremissionen führten. Die Anwendung von Szenarien, die alle relevanten Zielvorgaben und Empfehlungen zum Ressourcenschutz berücksichtigen, zeigen die größten Veränderungen.
Der Artikel setzt sich mit den Erzählungen des Maassebuches auseinander, welche der Universalgelehrte Johann Christian Schöttgen (1687-1751) in seiner Zeitschrift "Der Rabbiner" publiziert. In seiner Auseinandersetzung mit der jiddischen Literatur befindet sich Schöttgen in einer Reihe mit anderen christlichen Hebraisten, wie zum Beispiel Christoph Helwig (Helvicus, 1581-1617) und Johann Christian Wagenseil (1633-1705).
Umweltdaten aus Brandenburg
(2007)
Traveltime residuals for worldwide seismic stations are calculated. We use P and S waves from earthquakes in SE-Asia at teleseismic and regional distances. The obtained station residuals help to enhance earthquake localisation. Furthermore we calculated regional source dependent station residuals. They show a systematic dependence of the locality of the source. These source dependent residuals reflect heterogenities along the path and can be used for a refinement of earthquake localisation.
Tras las huellas de Humboldt
(2007)
Esta contribución analiza la estela de influencia dejada por la obra escrita de Alexander von Humboldt en Venezuela. Su recorrido científico expuesto en su obra Viaje a las regiones equinocciales del Nuevo Continente se convirtió en fuente de consulta e inspiración para otros viajeros que, por razones diversas, recorrieron el país a lo largo del siglo XIX. No fueron pocos los visitantes decimonónicos, alemanes y de otras nacionalidades, que tomaron la obra de Humboldt como una referencia para enfrentar los nuevos paisajes que tenían como objetivo visitar. Se destaca especialmente los casos de los alemanes Louis Glöckler, Friedrich Gerstäcker y Carl Geldner, así como del húngaro Pál Rosti. Hubo, en definitiva, viajeros que vinieron a observar lo que ya el sabio alemán había visto con anterioridad, destacando los prodigios de la naturaleza venezolana, tanto por vía de la escritura como de la pintura y la fotografía.
Topic and focus
(2007)
The paper explicates the notions of topic, contrastive topic, and focus as used in the analysis of Hungarian. Based on distributional criteria, topic and focus are claimed to represent distinct structural positions in the left periphery of the Hungarian sentence, associated with logical rather than discourse functions. The topic is interpreted as the logical subject of predication. The focus is analyzed as a derived main predicate, specifying the referential content of the set denoted by the backgrounded post-focus section of the sentence. The exhaustivity associated with the focus and the existential presupposition associated with the background are shown to be properties following from their specificational predication relation.
The paper investigates focus marking devices in the scarcely documented North-Ghanaian Gur language Konkomba. The two particles lé and lá occur under specific focus conditions and are therefore regarded as focus markers in the sparse literature. Comparing the distribution and obligatoriness of both alleged focus markers however, I show that one of the particles, lé, is better analyzed as a connective particle, i.e. as a syntactic rather than as a genuine pragmatic marker, and that comparable syntactic focus marking strategies for sentence-initial constituents are also known from related languages.
This paper deals with the conditions under which singular definites, on the one hand, and universally quantified DPs, on the other hand, receive interpretations according to which the sets denoted by the NP-complements of the respective determiner vary with the situations quantified over by a Q-adverb. I show that in both cases such interpretations depend on the availability of situation predicates that are compatible with the presuppositions associated with the respective determiner, as co-variation in both cases comes about via the binding of a covert situation variable that is contained within the NP-complement of the respective determiner. Secondly, I offer an account for the observation that the availability of a co-varying interpretation is more constrained in the case of universally quantified DPs than in the case of singular definites, as far as word order is concerned. This is shown to follow from the fact that co-varying definites in contrast to universally quantified DPs are inherently focus-marked.
We study the influence of clumping on the predicted wind structure of O-type stars. For this purpose we artificially include clumping into our stationary wind models. When the clumps are assumed to be optically thin, the radiative line force increases compared to corresponding unclumped models, with a similar effect on either the mass-loss rate or the terminal velocity (depending on the onset of clumping). Optically thick clumps, alternatively, might be able to decrease the radiative force.
Mass loss is a very important aspect of the life of massive stars. After briefly reviewing its importance, we discuss the impact of the recently proposed downward revision of mass loss rates due to clumping (difficulty to form Wolf-Rayet stars and production of critically rotating stars). Although a small reduction might be allowed, large reduction factors around ten are disfavoured. We then discuss the possibility of significant mass loss at very low metallicity due to stars reaching break-up velocities and especially due to the metal enrichment of the surface of the star via rotational and convective mixing. This significant mass loss may help the first very massive stars avoid the fate of pair-creation supernova, the chemical signature of which is not observed in extremely metal poor stars. The chemical composition of the very low metallicity winds is very similar to that of the most metal poor star known to date, HE1327-2326 and offer an interesting explanation for the origin of the metals in this star. We also discuss the importance of mass loss in the context of long and soft gamma-ray bursts and pair-creation supernovae. Finally, we would like to stress that mass loss in cooler parts of the HR-diagram (luminous blue variable and yellow and red supergiant stages) are much more uncertain than in the hot part. More work needs to be done in these areas to better constrain the evolution of the most massive stars.
In semi-arid savannah ecosystems, the vegetation structure and composition, i.e. the architecture of trees, shrubs, grass tussocks and herbaceous plants, offer a great variety of habitats and niches to sustain animal diversity. In the last decades intensive human land use practises like livestock farming have altered the vegetation in savannah ecosystems worldwide. Extensive grazing leads to a reduction of the perennial and herbaceous vegetation cover, which results in an increased availability of bare soil. Both, the missing competition with perennial grasses and the increase of bare soils favour shrub on open ground and lead to area-wide shrub encroachment. As a consequence of the altered vegetation structure and composition, the structural diversity declines. It has been shown that with decreasing structural diversity animal diversity decline across a variety of taxa. Knowledge on the effects of overgrazing on reptiles, which are an important part of the ecosystem, are missing. Furthermore, the impact of habitat degradation on factors of a species population dynamic and life history, e.g., birth rate, survival rate, predation risk, space requirements or behavioural adaptations are poorly known. Therefore, I investigated the impact of overgrazing on the reptile community in the southern Kalahari. Secondly I analysed population dynamics and the behaviour of the Spotted Sand Lizard, Pedioplanis l. lineoocellata. All four chapters clearly demonstrate that habitat degradation caused by overgrazing had a severe negative impact upon (i) the reptile community as a whole and (ii) on population parameters of Pedioplanis l. lineoocellata. Chapter one showed a significant decline of regional reptile diversity and abundance in degraded habitats. In chapter two I demonstrated that P. lineoocellata moves more frequently, spends more time moving and covers larger distances in degraded than in non-degraded habitats. In addition, home range size of the lizard species increases in degraded habitats as shown by chapter three. Finally, chapter four showed the negative impacts of overgrazing on several population parameters of P. lineoocellata. Absolute population size of adult and juvenile lizards, survival rate and birth rate are significantly lower in degraded habitats. Furthermore, the predation risk was greatly increased in degraded habitats. A combination of a variety of aspects can explain the negative impact of habitat degradation on reptiles. First, reduced prey availability negatively affects survival rate, the birth rate and overall abundance. Second, the loss of perennial plant cover leads to a loss of niches and to a reduction of opportunities to thermoregulate. Furthermore, a loss of cover and is associated with increased predation risk. A major finding of my thesis is that the lizard P. lineoocellata can alter its foraging strategy. Species that are able to adapt and change behaviour, such as P. lineoocellata can effectively buffer against changes in their environment. Furthermore, perennial grass cover can be seen as a crucial ecological component of the vegetation in the semi-arid savannah system of the southern Kalahari. If perennial grass cover is reduced to a certain degree reptile diversity will decline and most other aspects of reptile life history will be negatively influenced. Savannah systems are characterised by a mixture of trees, shrubs and perennial grasses. These three vegetation components determine the composition and structure of the vegetation and accordingly influence the faunal diversity. Trees are viewed as keystone structures and focal points of animal activity for a variety of species. Trees supply animals with shelter, shade and food and act as safe sites, nesting sites, observation posts and foraging sites. Recent research demonstrates a positive influence of shrub patches on animal diversity. Moreover, it would seem that intermediate shrub cover can also sustain viable populations in savannah landscapes as has been demonstrated for small carnivores and rodent species. The influence of perennial grasses on faunal diversity did not receive the same attention as the influence of trees and shrubs. In my thesis I didn’t explicitly measure the direct effects of perennial grasses but my results strongly imply that it has an important role. If the perennial grass cover is significantly depleted my results suggest it will negatively influence reptile diversity and abundance and on several populations parameters of P. lineoocellata. Perennial grass cover is associated with the highest prey abundance, reptile diversity and reptile abundance. It provides reptiles both a refuge from predators and opportunities to optimise thermoregulation. The relevance of each of the three vegetation structural elements is different for each taxa and species. In conclusion, I can all three major vegetation structures in the savannah system are important for faunal diversity.
Extract: [...]Intriguing as they undoubtedly are, the early sixteenth-century lists of books in the Earl of Kildare’s library may well have inadvertently helped to lull scholars into visualising a rather idealised picture of language balance in multilingual late medieval Ireland. The lists reflect a society in which the four languages, Irish, English, Latin and French, vied as scholarly media and where the outcome in the Earl’s library was a four-way photo-finish. The number of volumes in each of the languages was recorded as follows: Latin, 34; French, 35; English, 22; Irish, 20 (Mac Niocaill 1992: 312-314). But of course the multilingual contact situation in Ireland had always been quite dynamic, both at vernacular and at scholarly levels, following the Anglo-Norman invasion of 1169. Although French continued to be employed in official documents into the second half of the 15th century, it had already ceded its vernacular role to English in the towns of the colonists prior to the drawing up of the Statutes of Kilkenny in 1366. These Statutes, composed in Norman-French, the primary language of English law at the time, provide an earlier snapshot of the language situation within the areas under English jurisdiction, as they sought to compel the colonists to desist from adopting Irish as a community vernacular. Ironically, no mention is made of Norman-French in the Statutes themselves. It is clear that what was at issue was a contest for supremacy between Irish and English as the principal vernacular among the colonists.[...]
The concept of the virtual corporation (VC), which describes a modern form of collaboration among organizations, was introduced in the scientific discussion in the mid 1990th. The practice shows that VCs need new forms of governance because the traditional mechanisms of control, management, and steering are hardly applicable. Until now there is only a few research related to the question how to govern VC. The main problems to govern a VC are to coordinate the communication among dispersed partners and to motivate employees to actively involve themselves into the network. Open source projects are confronted with similar problems. As several governance mechanisms are already analyzed in this context, the authors analyze and adopt governance concepts from open source projects to extract a governance framework for virtual corporations. This new approach leads to innovative insights in governing virtual corporations by using community techniques as an appropriate way for communication and collaboration purposes.
We review the effects of clumping on the profiles of resonance doublets. By allowing the ratio of the doublet oscillator strenghts to be a free parameter, we demonstrate that doublet profiles contain more information than is normally utilized. In clumped (or porous) winds, this ratio can lies between unity and the ratio of the f-values, and can change as a function of velocity and time, depending on the fraction of the stellar disk that is covered by material moving at a particular velocity at a given moment. Using these insights, we present the results of SEI modeling of a sample of B supergiants, ζ Pup and a time series for a star whose terminal velocity is low enough to make the components of its Si VIλλ1400 independent. These results are interpreted within the framewrok of the Oskinova et al. (2007) model, and demonstrate how the doublet profiles can be used to extract infromation about wind structure.
During the last few years there was a tremendous growth of scientific activities in the fields related to both Physics and Control theory: nonlinear dynamics, micro- and nanotechnologies, self-organization and complexity, etc. New horizons were opened and new exciting applications emerged. Experts with different backgrounds starting to work together need more opportunities for information exchange to improve mutual understanding and cooperation. The Conference "Physics and Control 2007" is the third international conference focusing on the borderland between Physics and Control with emphasis on both theory and applications. With its 2007 address at Potsdam, Germany, the conference is located for the first time outside of Russia. The major goal of the Conference is to bring together researchers from different scientific communities and to gain some general and unified perspectives in the studies of controlled systems in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and other natural sciences. We hope that the Conference helps experts in control theory to get acquainted with new interesting problems, and helps experts in physics and related fields to know more about ideas and tools from the modern control theory.
Team diversity
(2007)
Team diversity refers to the differences between team members on any attribute that may lead each single member of the group to perceive any other member of the group as being different from the self of this particular member. These attributes and perceptions refer to all dimensions people can differ on, such as age, gender, ethnicity, religious and functional background, personality, skills, abilities, beliefs, and attitudes.
Rezensiertes Werk: Takebayashi, Tazuko: Zwischen den Kulturen : Deutsches, Tschechisches und Jüdisches in der deutschsprachigen Literatur aus Prag ; ein Beitrag zur xenologischen Literaturforschung interkultureller Germanistik / Tazuko Takebayashi. - Hildesheim [u.a.]: Olms, 2005. - 274 S. : Ill., Kt.- (Echo ; Bd. 8) Zugl.: Bayreuth, Univ., Diss., 2005 ISBN 3-487-12945-0