Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (1055) (remove)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (763)
- Doctoral Thesis (176)
- Conference Proceeding (36)
- Review (34)
- Other (30)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (9)
- Habilitation Thesis (5)
- Preprint (2)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (1055)
Keywords
- inflammation (14)
- insulin resistance (9)
- oxidative stress (9)
- Biomarker (8)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (8)
- insulin (8)
- obesity (8)
- type 2 diabetes (8)
- FGF21 (7)
- LC-MS/MS (7)
- Manganese (7)
- Oxidative stress (7)
- cancer (7)
- carotenoids (7)
- ceramide (7)
- Insulin resistance (6)
- Pregnancy (6)
- acid sphingomyelinase (6)
- epigenetics (6)
- sphingolipids (6)
- Aging (5)
- Arsenolipids (5)
- DNA methylation (5)
- Dexamethasone (5)
- Fetal programming (5)
- HPLC (5)
- Prunus avium L. (5)
- Sphingolipids (5)
- Sphingosine 1-phosphate (5)
- Type 2 diabetes (5)
- adipose tissue (5)
- cytokines (5)
- linagliptin (5)
- metabolism (5)
- pregnancy (5)
- vitamin A (5)
- α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (5)
- Arsenic-containing fatty acids (4)
- Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (4)
- C. elegans (4)
- Cardiovascular diseases (4)
- Carotenoids (4)
- Endothelin (4)
- Epigenetics (4)
- Flower buds (4)
- Mass spectrometry (4)
- Mitochondria (4)
- NAFLD (4)
- NASH (4)
- SDS-PAGE (4)
- Solanaceae (4)
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate (4)
- Vitamin A (4)
- Zinc (4)
- aging (4)
- cardiovascular disease (4)
- cholesterol (4)
- chronic kidney disease (4)
- lutein (4)
- malnutrition (4)
- protein (4)
- retinol (4)
- retinol-binding protein 4 (4)
- transcriptomics (4)
- type 2 diabetes mellitus (4)
- Abscisic acid (3)
- Acid sphingomyelinase (3)
- Bioavailability (3)
- Boron exposure (3)
- DNA damage (3)
- Diabetic nephropathy (3)
- Dormancy (3)
- Emulsion (3)
- GDF15 (3)
- Glucosinolates (3)
- Hepatocytes (3)
- Hypertension (3)
- Kidney (3)
- LC–MS/MS (3)
- Meta-analysis (3)
- Methylmercury (3)
- NZO (3)
- Neurotoxicity (3)
- Nutrition (3)
- Obesity (3)
- PUFA (3)
- Placenta (3)
- Skeletal muscle (3)
- Sphingosine kinase (3)
- Stability (3)
- Toxicity (3)
- adiponectin (3)
- brain (3)
- diabetes (3)
- diabetic nephropathy (3)
- diet (3)
- disease (3)
- electrochemistry (3)
- genes (3)
- iCheck (3)
- liver (3)
- manganese (3)
- metabolic syndrome (3)
- mortality (3)
- plasma (3)
- polyphenols (3)
- prevention (3)
- probiotics (3)
- proteinuria (3)
- resistin (3)
- selenium (3)
- sphingosine (3)
- survival (3)
- type 2 (3)
- vascular calcification (3)
- wheat (3)
- zinc (3)
- AMD (2)
- Adipose tissue (2)
- African indigenous vegetables (2)
- Ageing (2)
- Alterung (2)
- Amino acids (2)
- Amylase (2)
- Apoptosis (2)
- Arabidopsis (2)
- Arsenic (2)
- BMI (2)
- Beer (2)
- Birth weight (2)
- Blood pressure (2)
- Boric acid (2)
- C-reactive protein (2)
- Caco-2 intestinal barrier model (2)
- Camellia sinensis (2)
- Carotenoid (2)
- Ceramide (2)
- Ceramides (2)
- Cereals (2)
- Circadian rhythm (2)
- Clinical (2)
- Cohort studies (2)
- Copper (2)
- Cytotoxicity (2)
- DPP-4 inhibitors (2)
- Development (2)
- Diabetes (2)
- Doehlert design (2)
- Dopamine (2)
- Drug delivery (2)
- ET-1 (2)
- Endothelial cells (2)
- Endothelin-1 (2)
- Energy metabolism (2)
- FTY720 (2)
- Fluorescence (2)
- Food labeling (2)
- Foxp3 (2)
- GCN2 (2)
- Genotoxicity (2)
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (2)
- HRMS (2)
- IL-8 transcription (2)
- In vitro blood-brain barrier model (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Insulin secretion (2)
- Labile zinc (2)
- Linagliptin (2)
- Lipid metabolism (2)
- MALDI-TOF-MS (2)
- Meat (2)
- Mediterranean diet (2)
- Mendelian randomization (2)
- Mercuric mercury (2)
- Modified mycotoxins (2)
- Mortality (2)
- Mycotoxins (2)
- Nitric oxide (2)
- Pak choi (2)
- Palmitate (2)
- Parkinson disease (2)
- Pesticides (2)
- Phenological modelling (2)
- Phenylpropanoids (2)
- Post mortem chemistry (2)
- Prediabetes (2)
- Proteasome (2)
- Protein oxidation (2)
- Protein restriction (2)
- RBP4 (2)
- Rats (2)
- Renal failure (2)
- Review (2)
- SDS PAGE (2)
- SFA (2)
- Sarcopenia (2)
- Selenium (2)
- Skeletal muscle cells (2)
- Skin nanocarrier (2)
- Skin penetration (2)
- Small for gestational age (2)
- Solanum lycopersicum (2)
- Tandem mass spectrometry (2)
- Technical enzymes (2)
- Thiomersal (2)
- Thioredoxin (2)
- Trace elements (2)
- Whey protein (2)
- Xylanase (2)
- Zinc homeostasis (2)
- acute kidney injury (2)
- adipogenesis (2)
- albuminuria (2)
- angiotensin receptor blockers (2)
- anorexia (2)
- antioxidants (2)
- appetite (2)
- atherosclerosis (2)
- autophagy (2)
- bioavailability (2)
- biofortification (2)
- calcium (2)
- cardiovascular diseases (2)
- cell-based assay (2)
- cells (2)
- chronic diseases (2)
- clusterin (2)
- coffee by-products (2)
- cyclooxygenase (2)
- cytokine (2)
- database (2)
- determinants (2)
- diabetes mellitus (2)
- dietary patterns (2)
- eNOS (2)
- elevated plus-maze (2)
- endothelin (2)
- epidemiology (2)
- fatty acid metabolism (2)
- fatty liver (2)
- fetal programming (2)
- fibrosis (2)
- food choice (2)
- gallbladder cancer (2)
- glucocorticoid receptor (2)
- glycaemic control (2)
- gut microbiota (2)
- heart (2)
- hepatic steatosis (2)
- high-sodium (2)
- hypertension (2)
- kidney (2)
- leptin (2)
- lipid metabolism (2)
- liver metabolism (2)
- low birth weight (2)
- lung infection (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- meta-analysis (2)
- metabolomics (2)
- method comparison (2)
- micronutrients (2)
- mitochondria (2)
- mitochondrial dysfunction (2)
- mitochondrial function (2)
- model (2)
- monitoring (2)
- myopathy (2)
- neurodegeneration (2)
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2)
- older persons (2)
- omega-3 fatty acids (2)
- open-field (2)
- p53 (2)
- plant volatiles (2)
- platelets (2)
- pneumonia (2)
- post-natal (2)
- pre-natal (2)
- proliferation (2)
- prostaglandins (2)
- proteasome (2)
- protein restriction (2)
- proteomic analysis (2)
- proteostasis (2)
- rapid test kit (2)
- redox state (2)
- refinement (2)
- reliability (2)
- salt (2)
- sample preparation (2)
- sarcopenia (2)
- selenoprotein P (2)
- soy protein (2)
- sphingomyelin (2)
- transformation products (2)
- transthyretin (2)
- validity (2)
- vegetables (2)
- weight loss (2)
- (2E)-Hexadecenal (1)
- (2E)-hexadecenal (1)
- (2E)-hexadecenoic acid (1)
- (9Z)-neoxanthin (1)
- 1-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate (1)
- 1-Phenylethanol (1)
- 1-aminodecylidene bis-phosphonic acid (1)
- 1-phosphate (1)
- 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (1)
- 2-Phenylethanol (1)
- 20S (1)
- 25-OH vitamin D (1)
- 2D-LC-MS/MS (1)
- 2k1c renovascular hypertension (1)
- 3,4-didehydroretinol (1)
- 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene (1)
- 3D breast cell model (1)
- 3D tissue model (1)
- 5-gliadin (1)
- 7 macrophages (1)
- ACE I/D polymorphism (1)
- ACE inhibitors (1)
- ADPKD (1)
- AGE (1)
- AMPK (1)
- AOAC (1)
- APOM protein (1)
- ARPE-19 cells (1)
- ASI-3 (1)
- Abrus precatorius (1)
- Acute coronary syndrome (1)
- Acute renal failure (1)
- Adipocytes (1)
- Adult height (1)
- Advanced fetal programming hypothesis (1)
- Advanced glycation end products (1)
- Advanced glycation end-products (1)
- Advanced glycation endproducts (1)
- Aflatoxin B1 (1)
- Age (1)
- Akkermansia muciniphila (1)
- Akt (1)
- Akt pathway (1)
- Akt signaling (1)
- Akt/PKB (1)
- Alcohol dependence (1)
- Allergenic food (1)
- Allicin (1)
- Allyl isothiocyanate (1)
- Alpine metamorphism (1)
- Alternativmethoden (1)
- Alveolar epithelial cells (1)
- Amaranth (1)
- Amaranthaceae (1)
- Anemia (1)
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (1)
- Ankle-brachial index (1)
- Anorexia (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antimicrobial drugs (1)
- Antioxidant capacity (1)
- Antioxidants (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Anxiety Sensitivity Index (1)
- Aortic valve (1)
- Apgar score (1)
- Apple polyphenoloxidase (1)
- Arabica coffee (1)
- Arabica coffee beans (1)
- Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi (1)
- Arsenic speciation (1)
- Arsenite (1)
- Arsenolipid (1)
- Arsenosugar (1)
- Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (1)
- Asian subjects (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Aspirin (1)
- Assay High-resolution mass spectrometry (1)
- Assay hochauflösende Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Assays (1)
- Astrocytes (1)
- Atherosclerosis (1)
- Athletes (1)
- Augmentation (1)
- Autophagie Lysosomale System (1)
- Autotaxin (1)
- B cells (1)
- BALB/c-3T3 cells (1)
- BBsome (1)
- BIOCROSS (1)
- BMI change (1)
- BMP4 (1)
- Baked products (1)
- Bbs4 (1)
- Be-10 dating (1)
- Beef (1)
- Beryllium (1)
- Beta-amylase (1)
- Beta-lactoglobulin (1)
- BfR MEAL Study (1)
- Bilophila wadsworthia (1)
- Biocompatibility (1)
- Biological Assay (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Bioreactor (1)
- Biparietal diameter (1)
- Birds of prey (1)
- Blood (1)
- Blood flow resistance (1)
- Blood platelets (1)
- Blood protein adducts (1)
- Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (1)
- Blood-liquor barrier (1)
- BoNT (1)
- BoNT/B uptake (1)
- Body composition (1)
- Body weight (1)
- Brain development (1)
- Brassica (1)
- Brassica carinata (1)
- Brassica oleracea var. sabellica (1)
- Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis (1)
- Brassica vegetables (1)
- Brassicaceae (1)
- Brood size (1)
- Brown adipose tissue (1)
- CD, DLS (1)
- CKD (1)
- COPD (1)
- COVID 19 (1)
- CRISPR editing validation (1)
- CVD (1)
- CXCR2 (1)
- Cachexia (1)
- Caco-2/HT-29-MTX-model (1)
- Caenorhabitis elegans (1)
- Calculated free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (1)
- Calorimetry (1)
- Cameroon (1)
- Cancer prevention (1)
- Cardiac function (1)
- Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (1)
- Cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- Cardiovascular (1)
- Cardiovascular effects (1)
- Carotene supplementation (1)
- Case-control study (1)
- Casein (1)
- Catabolism (1)
- Catechin (1)
- Catechins (1)
- Cattle (1)
- Cell culture materials (1)
- Cellular bioavailability (1)
- Cellular damage response (1)
- Cellular uptake (1)
- Cellulose acetate phthalate (1)
- Chad (1)
- Chaperone (1)
- Chemotherapy resistance (1)
- Childhood nephrotic syndrome (1)
- Chlorophyllide a oxygenase (1)
- Chlorophylls (1)
- Chloroplast (1)
- Cholesterol (1)
- Christentum (1)
- Chronic diseases (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (1)
- Chrysopidae (1)
- Chylomicron (1)
- Clinical study (1)
- Clinical trials (1)
- Clostridium difficile (1)
- Coagulation (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Colitis (1)
- Colitis ulcerosa (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Colon cancer (1)
- Colonic microbiota (1)
- Comet assay (1)
- Complications in diabetes (1)
- Connective tissue growth factor (1)
- Contaminants (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Contrast induced acute kidney injury (1)
- Control region (1)
- Core-multishell nanocarriers (1)
- Coronary angiography (1)
- Cortisol Maternal cortisol (1)
- Cortisol vertical bar metabolism (1)
- Costs (1)
- Covalent modification (1)
- Cow-side assay (1)
- Crop quality (1)
- Cross-sectional studies (1)
- Cu NP-incorporated MI-dPG coating (1)
- Curcumin (1)
- Cyp2b1 (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- Cytokines (1)
- DAF-16 (1)
- DAF-16 transcription factor (1)
- DAIH (1)
- DDP-4 inhibition (1)
- DNA adducts (1)
- DNA damage response (1)
- DNA integrity (1)
- DNA repair (1)
- DNMT inhibitor (1)
- DNMT1 (1)
- DPP-4 inhibition (1)
- DPP-4 inhibitor (1)
- DPP-IV inhibitor (1)
- DPP4 (1)
- DPP4 inhibition (1)
- Dairy biomarkers (1)
- Daucus (1)
- Decontamination (1)
- Delinquency (1)
- Demographic transitions (1)
- Dendritic cells (1)
- Dendritic core-multishell nanocarriers (1)
- Dengue (1)
- Depression (1)
- Derivatisation (1)
- Derivatization (1)
- Dermal delivery (1)
- Dermal drug delivery (1)
- Determinants (1)
- Developmental programming (1)
- Diabetes incidence (1)
- Diabetes-related vascular complications (1)
- Diabetic cardiomyopathy (1)
- Diacylglycerol (DAG) (1)
- Diagnostic (1)
- Diallyl disulfide (1)
- Diarrhoea (1)
- Dichlorofluorescein assay (1)
- Dietary compliance (1)
- Dietary fat composition (1)
- Dietary fat replacement (1)
- Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (1)
- Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (1)
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition (1)
- Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (1)
- Disease (1)
- Distal tubules (1)
- Dog growth (1)
- Dogs (1)
- Dolichol lipids (1)
- Domestic cat (1)
- Domestic cooking (1)
- Donors (1)
- Dopaminergic neurons (1)
- Dopaminergic system (1)
- Drug delivery systems (1)
- Drug metabolism (1)
- E-2 (1)
- EBI3 (1)
- EDC (1)
- EPIC-Potsdam study (1)
- ER stress (1)
- ER-stress (1)
- ETA (1)
- ETB (1)
- ETB receptor-deficient mouse (1)
- Edible insects (1)
- Eicosanoid (1)
- Electrochemistry (1)
- Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Elemental blood serum concentration (1)
- Emulsifying properties (1)
- Enantio-selective reduction (1)
- Endocrine disruption (1)
- Endodormancy (1)
- Endosomal sorting (1)
- Endothelial dysfunction (1)
- Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (1)
- Endothelin receptor antagonists (1)
- Endothelin-1 transgenic mice (1)
- Energiestoffwechsel (1)
- Energy expenditure (1)
- Energy intake (1)
- Energy requirement (1)
- Enteric polymer (1)
- Entzündung (1)
- Environmental (1)
- Epidemiologie (1)
- Epigenetic (1)
- Epigenetik (1)
- Epstein-Barr Virus-induziertes Gen 3 (1)
- Equine metabolic syndrome (1)
- Equines (1)
- Ernährungsgewohnheit (1)
- Ernährungsmuster (1)
- Erosion kinetics (1)
- Et-1 (1)
- Ethyl cellulose (1)
- Eudragit (R) (1)
- Eudragit (R) RS (1)
- Eudragit L 100 (1)
- Euphorbia mauritanica (1)
- Euphorbiaceae (1)
- Evaluation tool (1)
- Excretion (1)
- Exercise tests (1)
- Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) (1)
- Extraction (1)
- FASN (1)
- FISH (1)
- Fabaceae (1)
- Factor-Xa (1)
- Faecal bacteria (1)
- Fast and slow fibers (1)
- Fat infiltration in muscle (1)
- Fat-free mass (1)
- Fattening pigs (1)
- Fatty acid hydroperoxides (1)
- Ferritin (1)
- Fetal development (1)
- Fettgewebe (1)
- Fettinfiltration im Muskel (1)
- Fettleibigkeit (1)
- Fettstoffwechsel (1)
- Fetuin-A (1)
- Fibroblast growth factor 21 (1)
- Fibrosis (1)
- Fingolimod (1)
- Firefly luciferase inhibition (1)
- First trimester (1)
- Flavonoid (1)
- Flavonoid glycosides (1)
- Flavonoids (1)
- Floral scent compound (1)
- Flowering (1)
- Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (1)
- Fluorescence screening (1)
- Foal (1)
- Foaming properties (1)
- Food (1)
- Food analysis (1)
- Food authentication (1)
- Food choice (1)
- Food composition (1)
- Food labelling (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Food-exchange model (1)
- Forensic science (1)
- Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) (1)
- Frailty criteria (1)
- Free radicals (1)
- Free vitamin D (1)
- Freeze-fracturing (1)
- Fruits (1)
- Functionality (1)
- Furosemide (1)
- GADD45A and GADD45G (1)
- GC gene (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GC-globulin (1)
- GLP-1 (1)
- GLUT1 XbaI gene polymorphism (1)
- GPx activity (1)
- Garlic (1)
- Gastrointestinal tract (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Gene polymorphism (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genetik (1)
- Geriatric patients (1)
- Gestational diabetes (1)
- Gewicht (1)
- Gliadin and glutenin fractions (1)
- Global (1)
- Global DNA methylation (1)
- Glp1r(-/-) mice (1)
- Glucocorticoid receptor (1)
- Glucose homeostasis (1)
- Glucose intolerance (1)
- Glucose metabolism disorders (1)
- Glucose tolerance (1)
- Glucosinolate breakdown product (1)
- Glukoseintoleranz (1)
- Glukosestoffwechselstörungen (1)
- Glutathione (1)
- Gluten (1)
- Glycation (1)
- Glycemia (1)
- Glycerophospholipids (1)
- Gut microbiota (1)
- HAMP (1)
- HNRNPA1 (1)
- HOG (1)
- HOMA (1)
- HPLC-ESI-QTOF (1)
- HPLC/HR-ESMS (1)
- HPLC/ICPMS (1)
- HPMCP (1)
- HSD11B2[CA]n polymorphism (1)
- HSP70 (1)
- HaCaT cells (1)
- Hautmodell (1)
- Head circumference (1)
- Health care expenditure (1)
- Health-promoting compounds (1)
- Heart failure (1)
- Heart weight (1)
- Heat aggregation (1)
- Heat shock protein 90 (1)
- Heat shock proteins (1)
- Heavy metals (1)
- Heme (1)
- Hemoglobin (1)
- Hepatic insulin resistance (1)
- Hepatic stellate cells (1)
- Hepatotoxicity (1)
- Herd size (1)
- Herd type (1)
- Heterogeneity (1)
- High pressure - low temperature treatments (1)
- High resolution microscopy (1)
- High-resolution mass spectrometry (1)
- Honey (1)
- Honeydew honey (1)
- Hormones (1)
- Horse (1)
- Host-plant suitability (1)
- Human (1)
- Human differentiated neurons (1)
- Human nutritional intervention (1)
- Hydroxycinnamic acids (1)
- Hyperglycaemia (1)
- Hypermethylation (1)
- Hyphenated techniques (1)
- Hypoxia (1)
- ICP-MS (1)
- ICP-QQQ-MS (1)
- IDH1 (1)
- IGF-1 (1)
- IgE (1)
- Imiquimod (1)
- Inactivation (1)
- Indigenous African leafy vegetables (1)
- Indole (1)
- Inductively (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1)
- Infarct size (1)
- Inflammaging (1)
- Inflammatory bowel disease (1)
- Inflammatory skin disease (1)
- Influenza virus (1)
- Inhalation (1)
- Inorganic mercury (1)
- Insulin (1)
- Insulin sensitivity (1)
- Insulin signaling (1)
- Insulin signalling (1)
- Insulinresistenz (1)
- Insulinsekretion (1)
- Insulinsensitivität (1)
- Intergenerational effects (1)
- Intestinal absorption (1)
- Intraperitoneal administration (1)
- Iodization (1)
- Iron deficiency anemia (1)
- Ischemia/reperfusion (1)
- Islam (1)
- Isoprostane (1)
- Isotope ratios (1)
- Isotope-dilution (1)
- Isotope-dilution analysis (1)
- Jod (1)
- Judentum (1)
- Jurkat cells (1)
- Kalzium (1)
- Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen (1)
- Kidney weight (1)
- Kokultur (1)
- Kontaktallergie (1)
- Kosakonia radicincitans (1)
- Kupfferzellen (1)
- Kynurenine (1)
- LC (1)
- LC-MRM-MS (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- LC-MS-MS (1)
- LC/HRMS (1)
- LC/MS/MS; Quantification of allergenic plant traces (1)
- LEDs (1)
- LPA(3) receptor subtype (1)
- LRP8 (1)
- Langerhans Zellen (1)
- Langerhans cells (1)
- Lebensstil (1)
- Leber (1)
- Leg length (1)
- Legume (1)
- Lemna paucicostata (1)
- Life science (1)
- Light quality (1)
- Lipase (1)
- Lipid (1)
- Lipid droplet proteome (1)
- Lipolysis (1)
- Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- Liquid-liquid extraction (1)
- Lithiumion battery (LIB) (1)
- Liver fat (1)
- Liver fibrosis (1)
- Liver injury (1)
- Long term health (1)
- Long-term cellular toxicity (1)
- Loop diuretics (1)
- Low birth weight (1)
- Low lean mass (1)
- Low muscle mass (1)
- Lu-Hf geochronology (1)
- Lupin (1)
- Lutein (1)
- Lutein ester (1)
- Lymphocytes (1)
- Lysophosphatidic acid (1)
- Lysophosphatidylcholines (1)
- M1/M2 differentiation (1)
- MALDI-TOF/MS (1)
- MCT oil (1)
- MMF (1)
- MRSA (1)
- MS quantification of leguminous additives (1)
- MSCs (1)
- MUFA (1)
- Macrovascular (1)
- Major adverse kidney event (1)
- Major royal jelly proteins (1)
- Mangan (1)
- Manganese . C. elegans (1)
- Manganism (1)
- Marker (1)
- Marker peptides (1)
- Mauritanicain (1)
- Measured free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (1)
- Meat peptide biomarker (1)
- Membrane (1)
- Menderes Massif (1)
- Mesoangioblasts (1)
- Meta-analyses (1)
- Metabolically benign (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metabolom (1)
- Metabolome analysis (1)
- Metabolomics (1)
- Metals (1)
- Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Method comparison (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methylglyoxal (1)
- MiSpEx* (1)
- Mice (1)
- Micellar caseins (1)
- Microbial degradation (1)
- Microbiome (1)
- Microdialysis (1)
- Microelements (1)
- Microsomal (1)
- Microvascular complications (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrosomal (1)
- Mitochondrial respiration (1)
- Mitohormesis (1)
- Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) (1)
- Molecular structure (1)
- Monocyte (1)
- Moringa oleifera (1)
- Morphogenesis (1)
- Mortalität (1)
- Motor coordination (1)
- Multi-Methods (1)
- Multi-method (1)
- Multi-mycotoxin analysis (1)
- Multiple herbivory (1)
- Multiple sclerosis (1)
- Multiplex platforms (1)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1)
- Myoblasts (1)
- Myocardial infarction (1)
- Myocardial ischemia (1)
- Myogenic differentiation (1)
- Myoglobin (1)
- Myzus persicae (1)
- NAFLD/MAFLD (1)
- NF-?B (1)
- NF-kappa B (1)
- NF1 (1)
- NMR-based metabolomics (1)
- NR3C1 gene (1)
- Nanoparticle uptake (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanotoxicology (1)
- Natriuretic peptides (1)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1)
- Neoglucobrassicin (1)
- Nephropathy (1)
- Neurodegeneration (1)
- Neurodevelopmental toxicity (1)
- Neurons (1)
- Neuropathy (1)
- Neutral lipids (1)
- Neutrophils (1)
- New World camelids (1)
- Nif2 (1)
- Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (1)
- Nordic diet (1)
- Nuclear receptor (1)
- NutriAct family study (1)
- Nutritional counseling (1)
- Nährstoffe (1)
- OCFA (1)
- Occurrence data (1)
- Ocular delivery (1)
- Odorant compounds (1)
- Offending (1)
- Offspring (1)
- Ontogenetic development (1)
- Ontogeny (1)
- Organic and conventional type of production (1)
- Organic arsenic (1)
- Organic carbonates (1)
- Organic mercury (1)
- Other livestock (1)
- Outcome (1)
- Oxidized proteins (1)
- Oxylipin (1)
- Oxylipins (1)
- PCR-DHPLC (1)
- PCaaC38:6 (1)
- PGC1 alpha (1)
- PGC1a (1)
- PKM2 (1)
- PTEN (1)
- PTH (1)
- Pancreatic cells (1)
- Pannexin 1 (1)
- Parenthood (1)
- Paternal exposure (1)
- Paternal programming; (1)
- Paternal, maternal, sex differences (1)
- Pea flour (1)
- Pea protein isolate (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Peroxidatic and resolving cysteine (1)
- Peroxiredoxin (1)
- Peroxynitrite (1)
- Personalised medicine (1)
- Pest infestation (1)
- Pest-pest interaction (1)
- Pharbitis nil cv. Violet (1)
- Pharmacokinetics (1)
- Phenol-amino-adducts (1)
- Phosphatidylcholines (1)
- Phosphatidylinositols (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Photosynthesis (1)
- Physical activity (1)
- Physicochemical properties (1)
- Pig (1)
- PlGF (1)
- Plackett–Burman design (1)
- Plant allergen (soy, sesame, lupine) (1)
- Plant authentication (1)
- Plant growth promoting bacteria (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plasma concentration (1)
- Plasmalogens (1)
- Platelets (1)
- Polymeric nanoparticle (1)
- Polymeric nanoparticles (1)
- Polyphenols (1)
- Polyubiquitination (1)
- Pooling analysis (1)
- Post-translational modifications (1)
- Post-translational protein modification (1)
- Postharvest processing (1)
- Precision medicine (1)
- Precision prognostics (1)
- Preeclampsia (1)
- Preinterventional biomarker (1)
- Presystemic metabolism (1)
- Preterm birth (1)
- Preterm delivery (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Primary care (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Procyanidins (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Prostaglandin E2 (1)
- Prostaglandin receptor EP4 (1)
- Prostaglandine (1)
- Proteasomal system (1)
- Proteasome and lysosome (1)
- Protein aggregates (1)
- Protein functionality and modification (1)
- Proteolysis (1)
- Proteome (1)
- Proteostase (1)
- Proteostasis (1)
- Prävention (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Psoriasis (1)
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension (1)
- Pulse wave velocity (1)
- Purification (1)
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (1)
- QTL (1)
- Quality appraisal (1)
- Quantification of peptides (1)
- RAW 264 (1)
- RNAseq (1)
- ROS (1)
- RRR (1)
- Radiocontrast media-induced nephropathy (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Redox control (1)
- Redox homeostasis (1)
- Redox regulation (1)
- Reference intervals (1)
- Regionality (1)
- Regulatory T cells (Treg) (1)
- Relaxin (1)
- Reliability (1)
- Religiöses Leben (1)
- Renin-angiotensin system (1)
- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (1)
- Resistant starch (1)
- Reticulocytes (1)
- Retinoblastoma (1)
- Retinol (1)
- Risikoeinschätzung (1)
- Risk (1)
- Risk factor (1)
- Risk prediction (1)
- Risk prediction model (1)
- Risk score (1)
- Root exudates (1)
- Rosa x level (1)
- Rye (1)
- S-XRF (1)
- S1P receptors (1)
- S1P(3) receptor (1)
- SCID mice (1)
- SEC-HPLC (1)
- SGK-1 (1)
- SIMS techniques (1)
- SNARE proteins (1)
- SREBP-1c (1)
- ST-1071 (1)
- ST-1893 (1)
- ST-1894 (1)
- ST-968 (1)
- SU5416 (1)
- SVM (1)
- Saccharomyces boulardii (1)
- Safety (1)
- Sarkopenie (1)
- Schilddrüse (1)
- Schilddrüsenautoimmunerkrankungen (1)
- Se (1)
- Se-methylselenoneine (1)
- Seafood (1)
- Seasonality (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Selen (1)
- Selenoneine (1)
- Selenoproteine (1)
- Selenosugar 1 (1)
- Senescence (1)
- Serine and trypsin protease (1)
- Serotonin (1)
- Sex ratio at birth (1)
- Sexual dimorphism (1)
- Shan He Jian Fei Granules (SHJFG) (1)
- Short chain dehydrogenase (1)
- Short stature (1)
- Side effects (1)
- Signal transduction (1)
- Signaling pathways (1)
- Single nucleotide polymorphism (1)
- Skelettmuskelalterung (1)
- Skin (1)
- Skin barrier disruption (1)
- Skin model (1)
- Slatted floor (1)
- Small molecules (1)
- Small selenium species (1)
- Smooth muscle cells (1)
- Smpd1 (1)
- Solanum scabrum (1)
- Speciation (1)
- Species differences (1)
- Spectrophotometry (1)
- Speisegebot (1)
- Spelt (1)
- Sphingomyelin (1)
- Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) (1)
- Sphingosine 1phosphate (1)
- Sphingosine kinase-1 (1)
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (1)
- Spirulina (1)
- Spurenelement (1)
- Stillbirth (1)
- Stoffwechsel (1)
- Stress response (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (1)
- Structural changes (1)
- Study protocol (1)
- Sucrose (1)
- Sulfonate (1)
- Sulfoquinovose (1)
- Susceptibility-genes (1)
- Suszeptibilitätsgene (1)
- Swine (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- T helper 17 cells (1)
- T2D (1)
- TAVI (1)
- TEAC (1)
- TEM (1)
- TET (1)
- TFA (1)
- TGF-beta (1)
- TGF-beta 1 (1)
- TLR signaling (1)
- TNF alpha (1)
- TRPV5 (1)
- TRPV6 (1)
- TTR (1)
- Tagetes (1)
- Taurocholate (1)
- Tea leaves (1)
- Technofunctional properties (1)
- Tenebrio molitor larvae (1)
- Testicle (1)
- Tetranychus urticae (1)
- Th17 (1)
- Thai population (1)
- Thermal and nonthermal treatment (1)
- Thermal processing (1)
- Thin layer chromatography (1)
- Thio-arsenosugar-glycerol (1)
- Thio-dimethylarsinic acid (1)
- Thiol (1)
- Thiol-dependent peroxidase (1)
- Thioredoxin reductase (1)
- Three phase partitioning (1)
- Thrifty phenotype (1)
- Thyroid hormone (1)
- Tierarzneimittel (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS imaging (1)
- Tocotrienols (1)
- Total arsenic (1)
- Total diet study (1)
- Toxicokinetics (1)
- TraceAge (1)
- Trans-epoxy-fatty acid (1)
- Transactivation assay (1)
- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Transformation product (1)
- Transformationsprodukt (1)
- Transforming growth factor beta (1)
- Transkriptom (1)
- Transmembrane asymmetry (1)
- Transplantation (1)
- Triglyceride secretion (1)
- Trunk length (1)
- Tumor necrosis factor alpha (1)
- Tween40 micelles (1)
- Twister (TM) (1)
- Typ-2-Diabetes (1)
- Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus (1)
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (1)
- UV light (1)
- Ubiquitin Proteasom System (1)
- Ulcerative colitis (1)
- Umbilical artery Doppler (1)
- Umbrella review (1)
- Uncoupling proteins (1)
- Unprepared and (1)
- Urinary ET-1 (1)
- Urine excretion (1)
- Uruguay River (1)
- VGCC (1)
- Validation (1)
- Vascular stiffness (1)
- Vegan (1)
- Verhalten (1)
- Very low birth weight infant (1)
- Veterinary drugs (1)
- Vineatrol (R) 30 (1)
- Vitamin A supplementation (1)
- Vitamin C (1)
- Vitamin D (1)
- Vitamin D binding protein (1)
- Vitamin D deficiency (1)
- Vitamin D insufficiency (1)
- Vitamin D-binding protein (1)
- Vitamin K (1)
- Vitellogenin (1)
- Volatile compound (1)
- WAT (1)
- Warburg effect (1)
- Water and salt retention (1)
- Weight change (1)
- Wheat (1)
- Whey proteins (1)
- World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Recommendations (1)
- Xenobesity (1)
- Y:X chromosome ratio (1)
- YB-1 (1)
- Yolk (1)
- Zink (1)
- Zirkadianer Rhythmus (1)
- Zoonoses (1)
- [N-15]Anthranilic acid (1)
- [N-15]Indole (1)
- a-tocopherol (1)
- accretionary wedge (1)
- accumulation (1)
- acetate (1)
- acid ceramidase (1)
- activated carbon (1)
- adipose tissue dysregulation (1)
- adiposity (1)
- aflatoxin B1 (1)
- age (1)
- ageing (1)
- air pollution (1)
- air-dried (1)
- air-fried (1)
- all-cause mortality (1)
- allometric model (1)
- alpha-SMA (1)
- alpha-Tocopherol (1)
- alpha-tocopherol (1)
- amaranth (1)
- amino acid score (1)
- amino acids (1)
- amylase activity (1)
- analytical methods (1)
- and nutrition (1)
- angiotensin (1-7) (1)
- angiotensin II (1)
- anthropometric measures (1)
- anti-genotoxicity (1)
- anti-inflammatory nutrition (1)
- anti-oxidant activity (1)
- anti-oxidative capacity (1)
- antibacterial effect (1)
- anticancer (1)
- antidiabetic drug (1)
- antioxidant activity (1)
- antioxidant defense systems (1)
- antioxidant potential (1)
- antioxidative capacity (1)
- antioxidative phenolic ingredients (1)
- anxiety sensitivity (1)
- anxiety-like behavior (1)
- aphids (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- appetite regulation (1)
- arabinoxylan (1)
- aroma quality (1)
- arsenic (1)
- arsenolipids (1)
- artificial (1)
- ascorbate (1)
- asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) (1)
- atmospheric deposition (1)
- auditory neurons (1)
- autofluorescence (1)
- autoimmunity (1)
- autophagy flux (1)
- autophagy lysosomal system (1)
- base excision repair (incision activity) (1)
- batch process (1)
- behavior (1)
- beta-Lactoglobulin (1)
- beta-carotene (1)
- beta-carotene hydroxylase (1)
- beta-cell (1)
- beta-cell loss (1)
- beta-cells (1)
- binding (1)
- bioactive peptides (1)
- biological pest control (1)
- biomarker (1)
- biomarkers (1)
- biomarkers of renal failure (1)
- birds of prey (1)
- birth weight (1)
- birthweight (1)
- bisphosphonates (1)
- bladder cancer cells (1)
- blood banking (1)
- blood biomarker (1)
- blood pressure (1)
- blood– brain barrier (1)
- blood– cerebrospinal fluid barrier (1)
- body weight gain (1)
- bone (1)
- bone mineral density (1)
- botulinum toxin (1)
- bound phenolic compounds (1)
- brain insulin signaling (1)
- brain-gut axis (1)
- broiler chicks (1)
- browning (1)
- burn injury (1)
- c. elegans (1)
- caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- caffeic acid derivatives (1)
- calbindin D9k (1)
- calcination (1)
- calcitriol (1)
- calcium transport (1)
- cancer cachexia (1)
- cancer cells (1)
- cancer chemoprevention (1)
- cancer epidemiology (1)
- cancer stem cells (1)
- canine osteoarthritis (1)
- capillary blood (1)
- carbon sequestration (1)
- cardiac progenitor migration and differentiation (1)
- cardiokine (1)
- cardiometabolic diseases (1)
- carota L (1)
- carotene (1)
- carotenoid (1)
- carotenoid biosynthesis (1)
- carotenoids bioavailability (1)
- cell cycle (1)
- cell migration (1)
- cell transformation assay (1)
- cell wall deficient mutant (1)
- cellular bioimaging (1)
- cellular uptake (1)
- cerami-des (1)
- ceramides (1)
- cereal meals (1)
- chaperones (1)
- chemokines (1)
- chick embryo (1)
- children (1)
- chimpanzee (1)
- chlorophylls (1)
- chronic disease (1)
- chronic fatigue (1)
- chronic psychosocial stress (1)
- chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) (1)
- cilium (1)
- circadian clock (1)
- circulation (1)
- classification (1)
- click chemistry (1)
- clinical prediction rule (1)
- clinical sample (1)
- clinical studies (1)
- clinical trial (1)
- cocoa processing (1)
- cocoa proteins (1)
- coenzyme-a (1)
- coffee processing (1)
- cold atmospheric pressure plasma (1)
- collagen I (1)
- color (1)
- color preference (1)
- color vision (1)
- colorectal neoplasm (1)
- colostrum (1)
- colour (1)
- comparison (1)
- complication (1)
- complications (1)
- constitutive androstane receptor (1)
- construct validity (1)
- continuous process (1)
- contrast-induced nephropathy (1)
- copper (1)
- copper-related disorders (1)
- copy number analyses (1)
- core (1)
- coronary heart disease (1)
- cortisol (1)
- cost-effectiveness analysis (1)
- coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1)
- cow-side assay (1)
- crop (1)
- cysteine alkylation (1)
- cystic fibrosis (1)
- cytotoxicity (1)
- d-Loop (1)
- decision tree (1)
- decitabine (1)
- deep-fried (1)
- dendritic cell (1)
- dendritic polyglycerol (1)
- depression (1)
- depressive-like behavior (1)
- design of experiment (1)
- diatoms (1)
- diet score (1)
- diet selection (1)
- diet-disease association (1)
- dietary choices (1)
- dietary citric acid (1)
- dietary fibre (1)
- dietary guidelines (1)
- dietary restriction (1)
- differentiation (1)
- digestive enzymes quantification (1)
- disproportional intrauterine growth retardation (1)
- distal convoluted tubule (1)
- distress (1)
- diurnal rhythm (1)
- dog (1)
- dogs (1)
- domestic cooking (1)
- dormancy (1)
- dosage recommendation (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug design (1)
- drug metabolism (1)
- drug-resistant bacteria (1)
- dysfunction (1)
- eating (1)
- echocardiography (1)
- egg yolk (1)
- eicosanoids (1)
- emotionality (1)
- endocrine disruption (1)
- endothelin-converting enzyme (1)
- endurance exercise (1)
- energy expenditure (1)
- energy homeostasis (1)
- energy-metabolism (1)
- environmental DNA (1)
- environmental impact (1)
- enzyme assays (1)
- enzyme induction (1)
- enzymology (1)
- equine (1)
- erythropoiesis (1)
- etiology (1)
- exercise (1)
- experimental antigen-induced encephalomyelitis (1)
- exposome (1)
- exposome‐ wide association study (1)
- expression (1)
- extinction (1)
- extra-cellular matrix (1)
- extraction (1)
- extraction and characterization methods (1)
- factor structure (1)
- fasting blood glucose (1)
- fat-soluble vitamin (1)
- fatigue (1)
- fatigue reduction diet (1)
- fatty acid synthesis (1)
- fatty acids (1)
- fatty pancreas (1)
- feeding (1)
- female (1)
- fermentation (1)
- fermentation-related enzymes (1)
- fetal origins hypothesis (1)
- fetal programing (1)
- fetal sex (1)
- fiber (1)
- filter paper (1)
- fingolimod (1)
- first trimester (1)
- flavonoids (1)
- flower buds (1)
- fluvial terraces (1)
- foal (1)
- food (1)
- food frequency questionnaire (1)
- food groups (1)
- food safety (1)
- foot and mouth disease (HFMD) (1)
- force-field (1)
- forebrain (1)
- fortification (1)
- fractionation (1)
- free radicals (1)
- fruit (1)
- fruit metabolites (1)
- functional inhibitors of acid sphin-gomyelinase (1)
- functional properties (1)
- garnet (1)
- gene expression (1)
- gene-lifestyle interaction (1)
- genetic variants (1)
- genetically modified BoNT (1)
- genetics (1)
- genomics (1)
- gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (1)
- girths and breadths (1)
- glasswort (1)
- gliptins (1)
- glomerular arterioles (1)
- glomerular filtration rate (1)
- glucose intolerance (1)
- glucosinolates (1)
- glutathione (1)
- glycemic control (1)
- glycemic control during pregnancy (1)
- glycogen synthase kinase-3 (1)
- goblet cells (1)
- gold nanostars (1)
- green tea phenols (1)
- greenhouse gas emissions (1)
- growth behavior (1)
- growth restriction (1)
- gwas (1)
- haemodialysis (1)
- hallervorden-spatz-syndrome (1)
- halophytes (1)
- hand (1)
- haplotype (1)
- health span (1)
- healthy subjects (1)
- heart tube (1)
- heart-type fatty acid binding protein (1)
- heath potentials (1)
- hepatic impairment (1)
- hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) (1)
- high salt (1)
- high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (1)
- high-fat diet (1)
- high-resolution imaging (1)
- hippocampus (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- homologous recombination deficiency (1)
- homology-directed repair (1)
- hsp-70 (1)
- human excised skin (1)
- human follicular fluid (1)
- human health (1)
- human liver microsomes (1)
- human milk (1)
- hydrolysis (1)
- hyperglycemia (1)
- hypotension (1)
- hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (1)
- hypoxische pulmonale Vasokonstriktion (1)
- immune (1)
- immune system (1)
- immune-inflammatory biomarkers (1)
- immunoblot (1)
- immunology (1)
- immunomodulator (1)
- impaired glucose tolerance (1)
- in situ chemical reduction (1)
- in vitro intestinal model (1)
- in vivo (1)
- incident type 2 diabetes (1)
- index (1)
- indigenous leafy vegetables (1)
- infection (1)
- inhibitory cytokines (1)
- insect proteins (1)
- insulin signaling (1)
- insulin signalling (1)
- insulin-resistance (1)
- integrated stress response (1)
- integrins (1)
- intercropping (1)
- interleukin-35 (1)
- interleukin-8 (1)
- interventions (1)
- intestinal inflammation (1)
- intestinal model (1)
- intestinal mucins (1)
- intestinal zinc resorption (1)
- intrauterine (1)
- intrauterine fetal growth (1)
- inulin (1)
- invasion (1)
- involuntary weight loss (1)
- iodine (1)
- ion chromatography (1)
- ion quantification (1)
- ion-exchange chromatography (1)
- ionophore antibiotics (1)
- ischemia reperfusion injury (1)
- isothiocyanate (1)
- kale (1)
- keratinocytes (1)
- kidney dysfunction (1)
- kidney injury molecule 1 (1)
- kidney transplantation (1)
- kupffer cells (1)
- lactobacillus (1)
- lake sediments (1)
- laminitis (1)
- land use (1)
- land-based aquaculture (1)
- langsame und schnelle Fasertypen (1)
- large for gestational age fetus (LGA) (1)
- large sample size studies (1)
- later health (1)
- latex (1)
- legumes (1)
- leucine (1)
- leukocyte-endothelial interaction (1)
- life style (1)
- life-span (1)
- lifestyle (1)
- lifestyle risk reduction (1)
- limb lengths (1)
- lineage commitment (1)
- lipid (1)
- lipid analysis (1)
- lipid peroxidation (1)
- lipids (1)
- liposomes (1)
- litter decomposition (1)
- liver disease (1)
- liver fibrosis (1)
- liver regeneration (1)
- liver toxicity (1)
- loci (1)
- long chain base (1)
- longevity (1)
- longitudinal analysis (1)
- low birth weight (LBW) (1)
- low molecular weight selenium species (1)
- low temperature (1)
- lower nephron (1)
- lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- lung inflammation (1)
- lutein ester (1)
- lymphoma (1)
- lymphopenia (1)
- lysosomal hydrolases (1)
- lysosome (1)
- lysozyme (1)
- lysozyme activity (1)
- mPGES (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macroarray (1)
- macrophage (1)
- macrophages (1)
- macular pigment density (1)
- maintenance of genomic integrity (1)
- male (1)
- mare (1)
- mass index (1)
- matrix metalloproteinases (1)
- maturity (1)
- meal timing (1)
- mealworm (1)
- measles virus (1)
- melatonin (1)
- membrane analysis (1)
- membrane fusion (1)
- membrane lipids (1)
- membrane-lipid therapy (1)
- menadione (1)
- metabolic disorders (1)
- metabolic response (1)
- metabolic stress (1)
- methionine restriction (1)
- method development (1)
- method validation (1)
- methyl jasmonate (1)
- miRNAs (1)
- mice lacking (1)
- microbial mining (1)
- microbiomics (1)
- microcomputed tomography (1)
- micronutrient deficiencies (1)
- microorganisms (1)
- microparticle (1)
- microplastics (1)
- microscope (1)
- microvascular complications (1)
- microwave assisted digestion (1)
- middle adulthood (1)
- migration (1)
- mitochondria homeostasis (1)
- mitochondria, (1)
- mixtures (1)
- mobility-mass spectrometry (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular pathways (1)
- monensin (1)
- morpholino analogues of fingolimod (1)
- mouse models (1)
- moxidectin (1)
- mtDNA (1)
- mucus layer (1)
- multiple sclerosis (1)
- multiple-pest infestation (1)
- muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (1)
- muscle (1)
- muscle atrophy (1)
- muscle fibre composition (1)
- muscle fibre type (1)
- muscle metabolism (1)
- muscle wasting (1)
- myalgic encephalomyelitis (1)
- myocardial infarction (1)
- myokine (1)
- n-3 fatty acid (1)
- n-6 fatty acid (1)
- n-acetyl-cysteine (1)
- nanogels (1)
- nanoparticles (1)
- nanotoxicology (1)
- narrow-banded UVB (1)
- native American ancestry (1)
- nephrin (1)
- network (1)
- neurodegenerative diseases (1)
- neurofibromatosis (1)
- neurotoxicity (1)
- neurotoxins (1)
- neutral endopeptidase (1)
- neutrophil chemotaxis (1)
- neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (1)
- new analysis method (1)
- nitric oxide (1)
- nomadic pastoralist (1)
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (1)
- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (1)
- nonalcoholic steatohepatthis (1)
- nonlinear microscopy (1)
- nut allergenic proteins (1)
- nutrient transport (1)
- nutrients (1)
- nutrition security (1)
- nutritional characteristics (1)
- nutritional factors (1)
- nutritional supplements (1)
- nuts (1)
- offspring (1)
- old adults (1)
- one dot two development signals (ODTDS) dot blot (1)
- operant behavior (1)
- orangutan (1)
- organ failure (1)
- organic compounds adsorption (1)
- orphan crops (1)
- osteoblast (1)
- osteopontin (1)
- osteoporosis (1)
- osterix (1)
- outcome (1)
- ovarian cancer (1)
- overweight (1)
- p-AKT (1)
- p-mTOR (1)
- pH-sensitive nanoparticle (1)
- pH-sensitive nanoparticles (1)
- palm oil (1)
- parchment (1)
- particle characterization (1)
- paternal programming (1)
- patterns (1)
- pea (1)
- pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) (1)
- peptide (1)
- peptide biomarkers (1)
- peptides markers (1)
- performance (1)
- perturbation (1)
- phagocytosis (1)
- phenol nitration (1)
- phenol oxidation (1)
- phenolics (1)
- phosphorus (1)
- photochemistry (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- photothermal therapy (1)
- phthalates (1)
- physical activity (1)
- phytochemicals (1)
- pink1 (1)
- placenta (1)
- plant growth-promoting bacteria (1)
- plant phenolic compounds (1)
- plant protease (1)
- plant-based diets (1)
- plasma measurements (1)
- plasma process indicators (1)
- pollution (1)
- poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (1)
- polycystic kidney disease (1)
- polycystic ovary syndrome (1)
- polyenoic fatty acids (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- population-specific risk marker (1)
- positional cloning (1)
- post-hospital syndrome (1)
- post-menopausal Thai women (1)
- postprandial response (1)
- postprandial study (1)
- potassium iodate (1)
- prebiotics (1)
- prediction (1)
- pregnancy induced diabetes (1)
- pregnane X-receptor (1)
- prepared foods (1)
- presystemic metabolism (1)
- preterm delivery (1)
- preventive measures (1)
- primary immunodeficiencies (1)
- priming effect (1)
- principal component analysis (1)
- proinsulin (1)
- propionate (1)
- prospective study (1)
- prostaglandin E2 (1)
- prostaglandin receptor (1)
- protein derivatization (1)
- protein digestibility (1)
- protein extraction (1)
- protein microheterogeneity (1)
- protein modification (1)
- protein pattern (1)
- protein quantification (1)
- protein-phenol binding (1)
- protein-phenol interactions (1)
- proteome (1)
- proteomics (1)
- proteomix analysis (1)
- provitamin A (1)
- pulmonalarterielle glatte Muskelzellen (1)
- pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (1)
- purification (1)
- qPCR-based gene expression screening (1)
- quality control (1)
- ramipril (1)
- randomized controlled intervention study (1)
- rapeseed protein (1)
- rapid detection method (1)
- rat (1)
- rat hepatocytes (1)
- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (1)
- reactive oxygen species (1)
- red meat (1)
- red wine (1)
- redox homeostasis (1)
- redox-metabolites (1)
- reducing agents (1)
- reflection spectroscopy (1)
- regional diets (1)
- regulatory T cells (1)
- regulatory monitoring (1)
- relative quantification (1)
- reliability; (1)
- renal disease (1)
- renal dysfunction (1)
- renal function (1)
- renal haemodynamics (1)
- repeated measures design (1)
- repetitive elements (1)
- replacement (1)
- replication (1)
- reproducibility (1)
- resveratrol (1)
- resveratrol oligomers (1)
- retinoic acid (1)
- retinol (ROH) (1)
- retinol binding protein 4 (1)
- retinol-binding protein (1)
- retinyl esters (1)
- retinyl palmitate (1)
- reversed-phase chromatography (1)
- risk (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- risk factors (1)
- risk score (1)
- ruminants (1)
- s-glutathionylation (1)
- sFlt-1 (1)
- safety efficacy (1)
- saline agriculture (1)
- salinomycin (1)
- saliva (1)
- saliva proteins (1)
- salivary proteins (1)
- salmon fish (1)
- salt composition (1)
- scores (1)
- screening (1)
- scrub typhus (1)
- seawater (1)
- secondary plant metabolites (1)
- seeds (1)
- selenite (1)
- selenium transport (1)
- selenoneine (1)
- selenoproteins (1)
- sepsis (1)
- serine palmitoyltransferase (1)
- serine protease (1)
- serum (1)
- serum amyloid A (SAA) (1)
- serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) (1)
- sex (1)
- shortening rate (1)
- signal transduction (1)
- single nucleotide polymorphism (1)
- single-cell analysis (1)
- size (1)
- skeletal muscle (1)
- skeletal muscle aging (1)
- skin (1)
- skin penetration (1)
- slow and fast fiber types (1)
- smartphone (1)
- sodium (1)
- sorghum (1)
- soy (1)
- spectrophotometry (1)
- spent coffee grounds (1)
- spermatogenesis (1)
- sphingolipid de novo synthesis (1)
- sphingolipid metabolism (1)
- sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (1)
- sphingosine kinase (1)
- sphingosine kinase-1 (1)
- sphingosine kinases (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) (1)
- spider mites (1)
- stable-isotope labeling (1)
- status markers (1)
- stomach model (1)
- storage (1)
- stroke (1)
- suPAR (1)
- succession (1)
- sudden death (1)
- sulfotransferase (1)
- suppress VLDL secretion (1)
- suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) (1)
- synovial fluid (1)
- systematischer Review (1)
- systemic response (1)
- systolic function (1)
- tacrolimus formulation (1)
- tannin-protein interaction (1)
- targeted metabolomics (1)
- targeted proteomics (1)
- tea processing (1)
- telbivudine (1)
- telmisartan (1)
- terpenoids (1)
- tetanus toxin (1)
- therapy (1)
- thermal processing (1)
- thermogenesis (1)
- thioredoxin-interacting protein (1)
- thymosin beta 4 (1)
- tissue inhibitior of metalloproteinases 1 (1)
- tocopherol (1)
- tocopherols (1)
- total glycated hemoglobin (1)
- total glycosylated hemoglobin (1)
- total phenol content (1)
- trace element (1)
- training intervention (1)
- trans-Golgi (1)
- trans-migration (1)
- transformation product (1)
- transfusion-related acute lung injury (1)
- transgenerational effects (1)
- transient receptor potential (1)
- transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) (1)
- transport proteins (1)
- transthyretin (TTR) (1)
- triazole fungicides (1)
- tritrophic system (1)
- tryptic digestion (1)
- tryptophan quenching (1)
- tumor-metastasis (1)
- type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (1)
- type II diabetes (T2DM) (1)
- type-2-diabetes (1)
- ubiquitin proteasomal system (1)
- ultra heat treatment (1)
- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- underutilized species (1)
- universal coating (1)
- urban (1)
- urinary biomarker (1)
- urine (1)
- valine (1)
- valorization (1)
- variants (1)
- vascular disease; (1)
- vascular smooth muscle cells (1)
- vegan diet (1)
- vesicular trafficking (1)
- veterinary drug (1)
- veterinary drugs (1)
- vicious cycle (1)
- visfatin (1)
- vitamin (1)
- vitamin A deficiency (1)
- vitamin D binding protein (1)
- vitamin D-binding protein (1)
- vitamins (1)
- volatile compounds (1)
- voltage-dependent calcium channels (1)
- weight gain (1)
- weight loss intervention (1)
- western blot (1)
- wheat cultivars (1)
- yield enhancement (1)
- yolk (1)
- zeaxanthin (1)
- zinc binding (1)
- zinc/iron supplementation (1)
Institute
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (1055) (remove)
In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) is associated with an increased risk of preterm (33rd-37th gestational week) and early preterm birth (20th-32nd gestational week). The underlying general and procedure related risk factors are not well understood so far. 4328 infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI were entered into this study. The study population was divided into three groups: (a) early preterm birth group (n = 66), (b) preterm birth group (n = 675) and (c) full-term birth group (n = 3653). Odds for preterm birth were calculated by stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. We identified seven independent risk factors for preterm birth and four independent risk factors for early preterm birth. Older (> 39) or younger (< 25) maternal age (OR: 1.504, 95% CI 1.108-2.042, P = 0.009; OR: 2.125, 95% CI 1.049-4.304, P = 0.036, respectively), multiple pregnancy (OR: 9.780, 95% CI 8.014-11.935, P < 0.001; OR: 8.588, 95% CI 4.866-15.157, P < 0.001, respectively), placenta previa (OR: 14.954, 95% CI 8.053-27.767, P < 0.001; OR: 16.479, 95% CI 4.381-61.976, P < 0.001, respectively), and embryo reduction (OR: 3.547, 95% CI 1.736-7.249, P = 0.001; OR: 7.145, 95% CI 1.990-25.663, P = 0.003, respectively) were associated with preterm birth and early preterm birth, whereas gestational hypertension (OR: 2.494, 95% CI 1.770-3.514, P < 0.001), elevated triglycerides (OR: 1.120, 95% CI 1.011-1.240, P = 0.030) and shorter activated partial thromboplastin time (OR: 0.967, 95% CI 0.949-0.985, P < 0.001) were associated only with preterm birth. In conclusion, preterm and early preterm birth risk factors in patients undergoing assisted IVF/ICSI are in general similar to those in natural pregnancy. The lack of some associations in the early preterm group was most likely due to the lower number of early preterm birth cases. Only embryo reduction represents an IVF/ICSI specific risk factor.
Aims/hypothesis
Studies suggest decreased mortality risk among people who are overweight or obese compared with individuals with normal weight in type 2 diabetes (obesity paradox). However, the relationship between body weight or weight change and microvascular vs macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes remains unresolved. We investigated the association between BMI and BMI change with long-term risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort study.
Methods
We studied participants with incident type 2 diabetes from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort, who were free of cancer, cardiovascular disease and microvascular disease at diagnosis (n = 1083). Pre-diagnosis BMI and relative annual change between pre- and post-diagnosis BMI were evaluated in multivariable-adjusted Cox models.
Results
There were 85 macrovascular (myocardial infarction and stroke) and 347 microvascular events (kidney disease, neuropathy and retinopathy) over a median follow-up of 10.8 years. Median pre-diagnosis BMI was 29.9 kg/m(2) (IQR 27.4-33.2), and the median relative annual BMI change was -0.4% (IQR -2.1 to 0.9). Higher pre-diagnosis BMI was positively associated with total microvascular complications (multivariable-adjusted HR per 5 kg/m(2) [95% CI]: 1.21 [1.07, 1.36], kidney disease 1.39 [1.21, 1.60] and neuropathy 1.12 [0.96, 1.31]) but not with macrovascular complications (HR 1.05 [95% CI 0.81, 1.36]). Analyses according to BMI categories corroborated these findings. Effect modification was not evident by sex, smoking status or age groups. In analyses according to BMI change categories, BMI loss of more than 1% indicated a decreased risk of total microvascular complications (HR 0.62 [95% CI 0.47, 0.80]), kidney disease (HR 0.57 [95% CI 0.40, 0.81]) and neuropathy (HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.52, 1.03]), compared with participants with a stable BMI; no clear association was observed for macrovascular complications (HR 1.04 [95% CI 0.62, 1.74]). The associations between BMI gain compared with stable BMI and diabetes-related vascular complications were less apparent. Associations were consistent across strata of sex, age, pre-diagnosis BMI or medication but appeared to be stronger among never-smokers compared with current or former smokers.
Conclusions/interpretation
Among people with incident type 2 diabetes, pre-diagnosis BMI was positively associated with microvascular complications, while a reduced risk was observed with weight loss when compared with stable weight. The relationships with macrovascular disease were less clear.
Aims/hypothesis It was shown that maternal endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) deficiency causes fatty liver disease and numerically lower fasting glucose in female wild-type offspring, suggesting that parental genetic variants may influence the offspring's phenotype via epigenetic modifications in the offspring despite the absence of a primary genetic defect. The aim of the current study was to analyse whether paternal eNOS deficiency may cause the same phenotype as seen with maternal eNOS deficiency. Methods Heterozygous (+/-) male eNOS (Nos3) knockout mice or wild-type male mice were bred with female wild-type mice. The phenotype of wild-type offspring of heterozygous male eNOS knockout mice was compared with offspring from wild-type parents. Results Global sperm DNA methylation decreased and sperm microRNA pattern altered substantially. Fasting glucose and liver glycogen storage were increased when analysing wild-type male and female offspring of +/- eNOS fathers. Wild-type male but not female offspring of +/- eNOS fathers had increased fasting insulin and increased insulin after glucose load. Analysing candidate genes for liver fat and carbohydrate metabolism revealed that the expression of genes encoding glucocorticoid receptor (Gr; also known as Nr3c1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc1a; also known as Ppargc1a) was increased while DNA methylation of Gr exon 1A and Pgc1a promoter was decreased in the liver of male wild-type offspring of +/- eNOS fathers. The endocrine pancreas in wild-type offspring was not affected. <br /> Conclusions/interpretation Our study suggests that paternal genetic defects such as eNOS deficiency may alter the epigenome of the sperm without transmission of the paternal genetic defect itself. In later life wild-type male offspring of +/- eNOS fathers developed increased fasting insulin and increased insulin after glucose load. These effects are associated with increased Gr and Pgc1a gene expression due to altered methylation of these genes.
The present study estimated diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and land use (LU) in a sample of adults, examined main dietary contributors of GHGE, and evaluated socio demographic, lifestyle, and wellbeing factors as potential determinants of high environmental impact. A cross-sectional design based on data collected from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort (2010-2012) was used. Usual diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. Diet-related GHGE and LU were calculated using a European-average lifecycle analyses-food-item database (SHARP-ID). Information on potential determinants were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Men (n = 404) and women (n = 401) at an average age of 66.0 +/- 8.4 years were included. Dietary-related energy-adjusted GHGE in men was 6.6 +/- 0.9 and in women was 7.0 +/- 1.1 kg CO2 eq per 2000 kcal. LU in men was 7.8 +/- 1.2 and in women was 7.7 +/- 1.2 m(2)/year per 2000 kcal. Food groups contributing to most GHGE included dairy, meat and non-alcoholic beverages. Among women, being single, having a job, being a smoker and having higher BMI were characteristics associated with higher GHGE, whereas for men these included being married, longer sleeping duration and higher BMI. Further studies are warranted to provide insights into population-specific determinants of sustainable dietary choices.
With the advent of Nanotechnology, the use of nanomaterials in consumer products is increasing on a daily basis, due to which a deep understanding and proper investigation regarding their safety and risk assessment should be a major priority. To date, there is no investigation regarding the microrheological properties of nanomaterials (NMs) in biological media.
In our study, we utilized in silico models to select the suitable NMs based on their physicochemical properties such as solubility and lipophilicity. Then, we established a new method based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) microrheology to get the mean square displacement (MSD) and viscoelastic property of two model NMs that are dendrimers and cerium dioxide nanoparticles in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) complete media at three different concentrations for both NMs. Subsequently, we established the cytotoxicological profiling using water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) and a reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay.
To take one step forward, we further looked into the tight junction properties of the cells using immunostaining with Zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) antibodies and found that the tight junction function or transepithelial resistance (TEER) was affected in response to the microrheology and cytotoxicity. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) results in the gene expression of ZO-1 after the 24 h treatment with NPs further validates the findings of immunostaining results.
This new method that we established will be a reference point for other NM studies which are used in our day-to-day consumer products.
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine best known for affecting systemic energy metabolism through its anorectic action. GDF15 expression and secretion from various organs and tissues is induced in different physiological and pathophysiological states, often linked to mitochondrial stress, leading to highly variable circulating GDF15 levels.
In skeletal muscle and the heart, the basal expression of GDF15 is very low compared to other organs, but GDF15 expression and secretion can be induced in various stress conditions, such as intense exercise and acute myocardial infarction, respectively. GDF15 is thus considered as a myokine and cardiokine. GFRAL, the exclusive receptor for GDF15, is expressed in hindbrain neurons and activation of the GDF15-GFRAL pathway is linked to an increased sympathetic outflow and possibly an activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis.
There is also evidence for peripheral, direct effects of GDF15 on adipose tissue lipolysis and possible autocrine cardiac effects. Metabolic and behavioral outcomes of GDF15 signaling can be beneficial or detrimental, likely depending on the magnitude and duration of the GDF15 signal.
This is especially apparent for GDF15 production in muscle, which can be induced both by exercise and by muscle disease states such as sarcopenia and mitochondrial myopathy.
Over the last few years, the vegan diet has become increasingly popular in Germany. It has been proposed that this diet is generally lower in fat, but less is known about the impact on fatty acid (FA) profiles. Therefore, the cross-sectional "Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet" (RBVD) study (n = 72) was used to investigate dietary FA intake as well as plasma phospholipid FA in vegans (n = 36) compared to omnivores (n = 36). Vegans had a significantly lower dietary intake of total fat (median 86 g/day, IQR 64-111) in comparison to omnivores (median 104 g/day, IQR 88-143, p = 0.004). Further, vegans had a lower intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p < 0.0001) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p = 0.001) compared to omnivores. Vegans had a higher intake in total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA compared to omnivores, but without statistical significance after Bonferroni correction. According to plasma phospholipid profiles, relatively lower proportions of SFA (p < 0.0001), total trans fatty acids (TFA) (p = 0.0004) and omega-3-FA (p < 0.0001), but higher proportions of omega-6-FA (p < 0.0001) were observed in vegans. With the exception of omega-3 PUFA, a vegan diet is associated with a more favorable dietary fat intake and more favorable plasma FA profiles and therefore may reduce cardiovascular risk.
Western-style obesity-promoting diets are associated with increased inflammation, higher disease incidence and mortality.
In contrast, plant-based diets (PBDs), which incorporate large amounts of vegetables and fruit, legumes, whole grains and only a small amount of meat, are generally associated with better health and lower mortality.
This narrative review summarizes the evidence on health and life span in adults adhering to PBDs and discusses the potentially longevity-promoting mechanism of PBDs as well as limitations due to nutrient deficiencies.
Epidemiologic studies consistently report lower mortality rates in adults who adhering to PBDs when compared with people whose diet regularly includes meat.
PBDs are associated with many health benefits, such as improved metabolic and inflammatory profile.
In turn, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is lower in adults consuming PBDs, which contributes to their better health. The health-promoting effects of PBDs are still not entirely clear but most likely multifactorial and include modulation of the gut microbiome. The interest in possible longevity-promoting mechanisms of PBDs has increased in recent years, as many characteristics of PBDs such as protein restriction and restriction of certain amino acids are known to extend the life span.
While there is ample evidence from animal studies, large-scale human studies, which also provide insight into the specific mechanisms of the effect of PBDs on longevity, are missing.
However, due to the lower protein content of PBDs, there appears to be an age limit for the anticipated health effects, as adults over 65 require larger amounts of protein.
Background
Fetuin-A is a hepatokine which has the capacity to prevent vascular calcification. Moreover, it is linked to the induction of metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and associated with increased risk of diabetes.
It has not been clarified whether fetuin-A associates with risk of vascular, specifically microvascular, complications in patients with diabetes.
We aimed to investigate whether pre-diagnostic plasma fetuin-A is associated with risk of complications once diabetes develops.
Methods
Participants with incident type 2 diabetes and free of micro- and macrovascular disease from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort (n = 587) were followed for microvascular and macrovascular complications (n = 203 and n = 60, respectively, median follow-up: 13 years).
Plasma fetuin-A was measured approximately 4 years prior to diabetes diagnosis. Prospective associations between baseline fetuin-A and risk of complications were assessed with Cox regression.
Results
In multivariable models, fetuin-A was linearly inversely associated with incident total and microvascular complications, hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI) per standard deviation (SD) increase: 0.86 (0.74; 0.99) for total, 0.84 (0.71; 0.98) for microvascular and 0.92 (0.68; 1.24) for macrovascular complications. After additional adjustment for cardiometabolic plasma biomarkers, including triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein, the associations were slightly attenuated: 0.88 (0.75; 1.02) for total, 0.85 (0.72; 1.01) for microvascular and 0.95 (0.67; 1.34) for macrovascular complications. No interaction by sex could be observed (p > 0.10 for all endpoints).
Conclusions
Our data show that lower plasma fetuin-A levels measured prior to the diagnosis of diabetes may be etiologically implicated in the development of diabetes-associated microvascular disease.
Honey traceability is an important topic, especially for honeydew honeys, due to the increased incidence of adulteration. This study aimed to establish specific markers to quantify proteins in honey. A proteomics strategy to identify marker peptides from bracatinga honeydew honey was therefore developed. The proteomics approach was based on initial untargeted identification of honey proteins and peptides by LC-ESI-Triple-TOF-MS/MS, which identified the major royal jelly proteins (MRJP) presence. Afterwards, the peptides were selected by the in silico digestion. The marker peptides were quantified by the developed targeted LC-QqQ-MS/MS method, which provided good linearity and specificity, besides recoveries between 92 and 100% to quantify peptides from bracatinga honeydew honey. The uniqueness and high response in mass spectrometry were backed by further complementary protein analysis (SDS-PAGE). The selected marker peptides EALPHVPIFDR (MRJP 1), ILGANVK (MRJP 2), TFVTIER (MRJP 3), QNIDVVAR (MRJP 4), FINNDYNFNEVNFR (MRJP 5) and LLQPYPDWSWTK (MRJP 7), quantified by LC-QqQ-MS/MS, highlighted that the content of QNIDVVAR from MRJP 4 could be used to differentiate bracatinga honeydew honey from floral honeys (p < 0.05) as a potential marker for its authentication. Finally, principal components analysis highlighted the QNIDVVAR content as a good descriptor of the analyzed bracatinga honeydew honey samples.
Manganese (Mn), although important for multiple cellular processes, has posed environmental health concerns due to its neurotoxic effects. In recent years, there have been extensive studies on the mechanism of Mn-induced neuropathology, as well as the sex-dependent vulnerability to its neurotoxic effects. Nonetheless, cellular mechanisms influenced by sex differences in susceptibility to Mn have yet to be adequately characterized. Since oxidative stress is a key mechanism of Mn neurotoxicity, here, we have probed Hsp70 and Nrf2 proteins to investigate the sex-dependent changes following exposure to Mn. Male and female rats were administered intraperitoneal injections of MnCl2 (10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg) 48 hourly for a total of eight injections (15 days). We evaluated changes in body weight, as well as Mn accumulation, Nrf2 and Hsp70 expression across four brain regions; striatum, cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in both sexes. Our results showed sex-specific changes in body-weight, specifically in males but not in females. Additionally, we noted sex-dependent accumulation of Mn in the brain, as well as in expression levels of Nrf2 and Hsp70 proteins. These findings revealed sex-dependent susceptibility to Mn-induced neurotoxicity corresponding to differential Mn accumulation, and expression of Hsp70 and Nrf2 across several brain regions.
Deep lipidomics in human plasma: cardiometabolic disease risk and effect of dietary fat modulation
(2022)
Background: In blood and tissues, dietary and endogenously generated fatty acids (FAs) occur in free form or as part of complex lipid molecules that collectively represent the lipidome of the respective tissue. We assessed associations of plasma lipids derived from high-resolution lipidomics with incident cardiometabolic diseases and subsequently tested if the identified risk-associated lipids were sensitive to dietary fat modification. Methods: The EPIC Potsdam cohort study (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) comprises 27 548 participants recruited within an age range of 35 to 65 years from the general population around Potsdam, Germany. We generated 2 disease-specific case cohorts on the basis of a fixed random subsample (n=1262) and all respective cohort-wide identified incident primary cardiovascular disease (composite of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke; n=551) and type 2 diabetes (n=775) cases. We estimated the associations of baseline plasma concentrations of 282 class-specific FA abundances (calculated from 940 distinct molecular species across 15 lipid classes) with the outcomes in multivariable-adjusted Cox models. We tested the effect of an isoenergetic dietary fat modification on risk-associated lipids in the DIVAS randomized controlled trial (Dietary Intervention and Vascular Function; n=113). Participants consumed either a diet rich in saturated FAs (control), monounsaturated FAs, or a mixture of monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs for 16 weeks. Results: Sixty-nine lipids associated (false discovery rate<0.05) with at least 1 outcome (both, 8; only cardiovascular disease, 49; only type 2 diabetes, 12). In brief, several monoacylglycerols and FA16:0 and FA18:0 in diacylglycerols were associated with both outcomes; cholesteryl esters, free fatty acids, and sphingolipids were largely cardiovascular disease specific; and several (glycero)phospholipids were type 2 diabetes specific. In addition, 19 risk-associated lipids were affected (false discovery rate<0.05) by the diets rich in unsaturated dietary FAs compared with the saturated fat diet (17 in a direction consistent with a potential beneficial effect on long-term cardiometabolic risk). For example, the monounsaturated FA-rich diet decreased diacylglycerol(FA16:0) by 0.4 (95% CI, 0.5-0.3) SD units and increased triacylglycerol(FA22:1) by 0.5 (95% CI, 0.4-0.7) SD units. Conclusions: We identified several lipids associated with cardiometabolic disease risk. A subset was beneficially altered by a dietary fat intervention that supports the substitution of dietary saturated FAs with unsaturated FAs as a potential tool for primary disease prevention.
Infection is a common and often deadly complication after burn injury. A major underlying factor is burn-induced immune dysfunction, particularly with respect to neutrophils as the primary responders to infection. Temporally after murine scald injury, we demonstrate impaired bone marrow neutrophil chemotaxis toward CXCL1 ex vivo. Additionally, we observed a reduced recruitment of neutrophils to the peritoneal after elicitation 7 days after injury. We demonstrate that neutrophil ceramide levels increase after burn injury, and this is associated with decreased expression of CXCR2 and blunted chemotaxis. A major signaling event upon CXCR2 activation is Akt phosphorylation and this was reduced when ceramide was elevated. In contrast, PTEN levels were elevated and PTEN-inhibition elevated phospho-Akt levels and mitigated the burn-induced neutrophil chemotaxis defect. Altogether, this study identifies a newly described pathway of ceramide-mediated suppression of neutrophil chemotaxis after burn injury and introduces potential targets to mitigate this defect and reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality after burn.
Aim
There is little evidence of the impact of diabetes risk scores on individual diabetes risk factors, motivation for behaviour changes and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applying a noninvasive diabetes risk score in primary care as component of routine health checks on physical activity and secondary outcomes.
Methods
Cluster randomised trial, in which primary care physicians (PCPs), randomised (1:1) by minimisation, enrolled participants with statutory health insurance without known diabetes, >= 35 years of age with a body mass index >= 27.0 kg/m(2). The German Diabetes Risk Score was applied as add-on to the standard routine health check, conducted in the controls. Primary outcome was the difference in participants' physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included body mass index, perceived health, anxiety, depression, and motivation for lifestyle change. Analysis was by intention-to-treat principle using mixed models.
Results
36 PCPs were randomised; remaining 30 PCPs (intervention: n = 16; control: n = 14) recruited 315 participants (intervention: n = 153; controls: n = 162). A slight increase in physical activity was observed in the intervention group with an adjusted mean change of 388 (95% confidence interval: - 235; 1011) metabolic equivalents minutes per week. There were no relevant changes in secondary outcomes.
Conclusions
The application of a noninvasive diabetes risk score alone is not effective in promoting physical activity in primary care. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03234322, registration date: July 31, 2017).
Selenium (Se) is known to contribute to several vital physiological functions in mammals: antioxidant defense, fertility, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune response. Growing evidence indicates the crucial role of Se and Se-containing selenoproteins in the brain and brain function. As for the other essential trace elements, dietary Se needs to reach effective concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS) to exert its functions. To do so, Se-species have to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and/or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) of the choroid plexus. The main interface between the general circulation of the body and the CNS is the BBB. Endothelial cells of brain capillaries forming the so-called tight junctions are the primary anatomic units of the BBB, mainly responsible for barrier function. The current review focuses on Se transport to the brain, primarily including selenoprotein P/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8, also known as apolipoprotein E receptor-2) dependent pathway, and supplementary transport routes of Se into the brain via low molecular weight Se-species. Additionally, the potential role of Se and selenoproteins in the BBB, BCB, and neurovascular unit (NVU) is discussed. Finally, the perspectives regarding investigating the role of Se and selenoproteins in the gut-brain axis are outlined.
Glucosinolates are plant secondary metabolites found in cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae) that are valued for their potential health benefits. Frequently consumed representatives of these vegetables, for example, are white or red cabbage, which are typically boiled before consumption. Recently, 3-alk(en)yl-4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thiones were identified as a class of thermal glucosinolate degradation products that are formed during the boiling of cabbage. Since these newly discovered compounds are frequently consumed, this raises questions about their potential uptake and their possible bioactive functions. Therefore, 3-allyl-4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thione (allyl HTT) and 4-hydroxy-3-(4-(methylsulfinyl) butyl)thiazolidine-2-thione (4-MSOB HTT) as degradation products of the respective glucosinolates sinigrin and glucoraphanin were investigated. After consumption of boiled red cabbage broth, recoveries of consumed amounts of the degradation products in urine collected for 24 h were 18 +/- 5% for allyl HTT and 21 +/- 4% for 4-MSOB HTT (mean +/- SD, n = 3). To investigate the stability of the degradation products during uptake and to elucidate the uptake mechanism, both an in vitro stomach and an in vitro intestinal model were applied. The results indicate that the uptake of allyl HTT and 4-MSOB HTT occurs by passive diffusion. Both compounds show no acute cell toxicity, no antioxidant potential, and no change in NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) activity up to 100 mu M. However, inhibition of glycogen synthase kinases-3 (GSK-3) in the range of 20% for allyl HTT for the isoform GSK-3 beta and 29% for 4-MSOB HTT for the isoform GSK-3 alpha at a concentration of 100 mu M was found. Neither health-promoting nor toxic effects of 3-alk(en)yl-4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thiones were found in the four tested assays carried out in this study, which contrasts with the properties of other glucosinolate degradation products, such as isothiocyanates.
Background The Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred line (BFMI) is a model for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with impaired glucose metabolism using the obese lines BFMI861-S1 and BFMI861-S2, which are genetically closely related, but differ in several traits. BFMI861-S1 is insulin resistant and stores ectopic fat in the liver, whereas BFMI861-S2 is insulin sensitive. Methods In generation 10, 397 males of an advanced intercross line (AIL) BFMI861-S1 x BFMI861-S2 were challenged with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet and phenotyped over 25 weeks. QTL-analysis was performed after selective genotyping of 200 mice using the GigaMUGA Genotyping Array. Additional 197 males were genotyped for 7 top SNPs in QTL regions. For the prioritization of positional candidate genes whole genome sequencing and gene expression data of the parental lines were used. Results Overlapping QTL for gonadal adipose tissue weight and blood glucose concentration were detected on chromosome (Chr) 3 (95.8-100.1 Mb), and for gonadal adipose tissue weight, liver weight, and blood glucose concentration on Chr 17 (9.5-26.1 Mb). Causal modeling suggested for Chr 3-QTL direct effects on adipose tissue weight, but indirect effects on blood glucose concentration. Direct effects on adipose tissue weight, liver weight, and blood glucose concentration were suggested for Chr 17-QTL. Prioritized positional candidate genes for the identified QTL were Notch2 and Fmo5 (Chr 3) and Plg and Acat2 (Chr 17). Two additional QTL were detected for gonadal adipose tissue weight on Chr 15 (67.9-74.6 Mb) and for body weight on Chr 16 (3.9-21.4 Mb). Conclusions QTL mapping together with a detailed prioritization approach allowed us to identify candidate genes associated with traits of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, we provided evidence for direct and indirect genetic effects on blood glucose concentration in the insulin-resistant mouse line BFMI861-S1.
Aims:
Although risk scores to predict type 2 diabetes exist, cost-effectiveness of risk thresholds to target prevention interventions are unknown. We applied cost-effectiveness analysis to identify optimal thresholds of predicted risk to target a low-cost community-based intervention in the USA.
Methods:
We used a validated Markov-based type 2 diabetes simulation model to evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of alternative thresholds of diabetes risk. Population characteristics for the model were obtained from NHANES 2001-2004 and incidence rates and performance of two noninvasive diabetes risk scores (German diabetes risk score, GDRS, and ARIC 2009 score) were determined in the ARIC and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for increasing risk score thresholds. Two scenarios were assumed: 1-stage (risk score only) and 2-stage (risk score plus fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test (threshold 100 mg/dl) in the high-risk group).
Results:
In ARIC and CHS combined, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the GDRS and the ARIC 2009 score were 0.691 (0.677-0.704) and 0.720 (0.707-0.732), respectively. The optimal threshold of predicted diabetes risk (ICER < $50,000/QALY gained in case of intervention in those above the threshold) was 7% for the GDRS and 9% for the ARIC 2009 score. In the 2-stage scenario, ICERs for all cutoffs >= 5% were below $50,000/QALY gained.
Conclusions:
Intervening in those with >= 7% diabetes risk based on the GDRS or >= 9% on the ARIC 2009 score would be cost-effective. A risk score threshold >= 5% together with elevated FPG would also allow targeting interventions cost-effectively.
Comprehensive untargeted and targeted analysis of root exudate composition has advanced our understanding of rhizosphere processes. However, little is known about exudate spatial distribution and regulation. We studied the specific metabolite signatures of asparagus root exudates, root outer (epidermis and exodermis), and root inner tissues (cortex and vasculature). The greatest differences were found between exudates and root tissues. In total, 263 non-redundant metabolites were identified as significantly differentially abundant between the three root fractions, with the majority being enriched in the root exudate and/or outer tissue and annotated as 'lipids and lipid-like molecules' or 'phenylpropanoids and polyketides'. Spatial distribution was verified for three selected compounds using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging. Tissue-specific proteome analysis related root tissue-specific metabolite distributions and rhizodeposition with underlying biosynthetic pathways and transport mechanisms. The proteomes of root outer and inner tissues were spatially very distinct, in agreement with the fundamental differences between their functions and structures. According to KEGG pathway analysis, the outer tissue proteome was characterized by a high abundance of proteins related to 'lipid metabolism', 'biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites' and 'transport and catabolism', reflecting its main functions of providing a hydrophobic barrier, secreting secondary metabolites, and mediating water and nutrient uptake. Proteins more abundant in the inner tissue related to 'transcription', 'translation' and 'folding, sorting and degradation', in accord with the high activity of cortical and vasculature cell layers in growth- and development-related processes. In summary, asparagus root fractions accumulate specific metabolites. This expands our knowledge of tissue-specific plant cell function.
Uruguay River is the most important river in western Rio Grande do Sul, separating Brazil from Argentina and Uruguay. However, its pollution is of great concern due to agricultural activities in the region and the extensive use of pesticides. In a long term, this practice leads to environmental pollution, especially to the aquatic system. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical characteristics, metals and pesticides levels in water samples obtained before and after the planting and pesticides' application season from three sites: Uruguay River and two minor affluents, Mezomo Dam and Salso Stream. For biomonitoring, the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used, which were exposed for 24 h. We did not find any significant alteration in physicochemical parameters. In the pre- and post-pesticides' samples we observed a residual presence of three pesticides (tebuconazole, imazethapyr, and clomazone) and metals which levels were above the recommended (As, Hg, Fe, and Mn). Exposure to both pre- and post-pesticides' samples impaired C. elegans reproduction and post-pesticides samples reduced worms' survival rate and lifespan. PCA analysis indicated that the presence of metals and pesticides are important variables that impacted C. elegans biological endpoints. Our data demonstrates that Uruguay River and two affluents are contaminated independent whether before or after pesticides' application season. In addition, it reinforces the usefulness of biological indicators, since simple physicochemical analyses are not sufficient to attest water quality and ecological safety.
The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) poses a major obstacle for the success of current cancer therapies, especially the fact that non-CSCs can spontaneously turn into CSCs, which lead to the failure of the treatment and tumor relapse. Therefore, it is very important to develop effective strategies for the eradication of the CSCs. In this work, we have developed a CSCs-specific targeted, retinoic acid (RA)-loaded gold nanostars-dendritic polyglycerol (GNSs-dPG) nanoplatform for the efficient eradication of CSCs. The nanocomposites possess good biocompatibility and exhibit effective CSCs-specific multivalent targeted capability due to hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated on the multiple attachment sites of the bioinert dendritic polyglycerol (dPG). With the help of CSCs differentiation induced by RA, the self-renewal of breast CSCs and tumor growth were suppressed by the high therapeutic efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) in a synergistic inhibitory manner. Moreover, the stemness gene expression and CSC-driven tumorsphere formation were significantly diminished. In addition, the in vivo tumor growth and CSCs were also effectively eliminated, which indicated superior anticancer activity, effective CSCs suppression, and prevention of relapse. Taken together, we developed a CSCs-specific targeted, RA-loaded GNSs-dPG nanoplatform for the targeted eradication of CSCs and for preventing the relapse.
Aging is associated with bone loss, which can lead to osteoporosis and high fracture risk. This coincides with the enhanced formation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), suggesting a negative effect of bone marrow adipocytes on skeletal health. Increased BMAT formation is also observed in pathologies such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. However, a subset of bone marrow adipocytes forming the constitutive BMAT (cBMAT), arise early in life in the distal skeleton, contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and are thought to provide a physiological function. Regulated BMAT (rBMAT) forms during aging and obesity in proximal regions of the bone and contain a large proportion of saturated fatty acids. Paradoxically, BMAT accumulation is also enhanced during caloric restriction (CR), a life-span extending dietary intervention. This indicates, that different types of BMAT can form in response to opposing nutritional stimuli with potentially different functions.
To this end, two types of nutritional interventions, CR and high fat diet (HFD), that are both described to induce BMAT accumulation were carried out. CR markedly increased BMAT formation in the proximal tibia and led to a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, making it similar to the physiological cBMAT. Additionally, proximal and diaphyseal tibia regions displayed higher adiponectin expression. In aged mice, CR was associated with an improved trabecular bone structure. Taken together, these findings demonstrate, that the type of BMAT that forms during CR might provide beneficial effects for local bone stem/progenitor cells and metabolic health. The HFD intervention performed in this thesis showed no effect on BMAT accumulation and bone microstructure. RNA Seq analysis revealed alterations in the composition of the collagen-containing extracellular matrix (ECM).
In order to investigate the effects of glucose homeostasis on osteogenesis, differentiation capacity of immortalized multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and osteochondrogenic progenitor cells (OPCs) was analyzed. Insulin improved differentiation in both cell types, however, combination of with a high glucose concentration led to an impaired mineralization of the ECM. In the MSCs, this was accompanied by the formation of adipocytes, indicating negative effects of the adipocytes formed during hyperglycemic conditions on mineralization processes. However, the altered mineralization pattern and structure of the ECM was also observed in OPCs, which did not form any adipocytes, suggesting further negative effects of a hyperglycemic environment on osteogenic differentiation.
In summary, the work provided in this thesis demonstrated that differentiation commitment of bone-resident stem cells can be altered through nutrient availability, specifically glucose. Surprisingly, both high nutrient supply, e.g. the hyperglycemic cell culture conditions, and low nutrient supply, e.g. CR, can induce adipogenic differentiation. However, while CR-induced adipocyte formation was associated with improved trabecular bone structure, adipocyte formation in a hyperglycemic cell-culture environment hampered mineralization. This thesis provides further evidence for the existence of different types of BMAT with specific functions.
Purpose UK guidelines recommend dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) should not exceed 10% total energy (%TE) for cardiovascular disease prevention, with benefits observed when SFAs are replaced with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a dietary exchange model using commercially available foods to replace SFAs with UFAs. Methods Healthy men (n = 109, age 48, SD 11 year) recruited to the Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Saturated fat Cholesterol Intervention-1 (RISSCI-1) study (ClinicalTrials.Gov n degrees NCT03270527) followed two sequential 4-week isoenergetic moderate-fat (34%TE) diets: high-SFA (18%TE SFAs, 16%TE UFAs) and low-SFA (10%TE SFAs, 24%TE UFAs). Dietary intakes were assessed using 4-day weighed diet diaries. Nutrient intakes were analysed using paired t-tests, fasting plasma phospholipid fatty acid (PL-FA) profiles and dietary patterns were analysed using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analyses. Results Participants exchanged 10.2%TE (SD 4.1) SFAs for 9.7%TE (SD 3.9) UFAs between the high and low-SFA diets, reaching target intakes with minimal effect on other nutrients or energy intakes. Analyses of dietary patterns confirmed successful incorporation of recommended foods from commercially available sources (e.g. dairy products, snacks, oils, and fats), without affecting participants' overall dietary intakes. Analyses of plasma PL-FAs indicated good compliance to the dietary intervention and foods of varying SFA content. Conclusions RISSCI-1 dietary exchange model successfully replaced dietary SFAs with UFAs in free-living healthy men using commercially available foods, and without altering their dietary patterns. Further intervention studies are required to confirm utility and feasibility of such food-based dietary fat replacement models at a population level.
The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the FFQ to describe reliable and valid dietary pattern (DP) scores. In a total of 134 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study aged 35-67 years, the FFQ was applied twice (baseline and after 1 year) to assess its reliability. Between November 1995 and March 1997, twelve 24-h dietary recalls (24HDR) as reference instrument were applied to assess the validity of the FFQ. Exploratory DP were derived by principal component analyses. Investigated predefined DP were the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and two Mediterranean diet indices. From dietary data of each FFQ, two exploratory DP were retained, but differed in highly loading food groups, resulting in moderate correlations (r 0 center dot 45-0 center dot 58). The predefined indices showed higher correlations between the FFQ (r(AHEI) 0 center dot 62, r(Mediterranean Diet Pyramid Index (MedPyr)) 0 center dot 62 and r(traditional Mediterranean Diet Score (tMDS)) 0 center dot 51). From 24HDR dietary data, one exploratory DP retained differed in composition to the first FFQ-based DP, but showed similarities to the second DP, reflected by a good correlation (r 0 center dot 70). The predefined DP correlated moderately (r 0 center dot 40-0 center dot 60). To conclude, long-term analyses on exploratory DP should be interpreted with caution, due to only moderate reliability. The validity differed extensively for the two exploratory DP. The investigated predefined DP showed a better reliability and a moderate validity, comparable to other studies. Within the two Mediterranean diet indices, the MedPyr performed better than the tMDs in this middle-aged, semi-urban German study population.
The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a model organism that has been increasingly used in health and environmental toxicity assessments. The quantification of such elements in vivo can assist in studies that seek to relate the exposure concentration to possible biological effects.
Therefore, this study is the first to propose a method of quantitative analysis of 21 ions by ion chromatography (IC), which can be applied in different toxicity studies in C. elegans.
The developed method was validated for 12 anionic species (fluoride, acetate, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, oxalate, molybdate, dichromate, phosphate, and perchlorate), and 9 cationic species (lithium, sodium, ammonium, thallium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, calcium, and barium).
The method did not present the presence of interfering species, with R2 varying between 0.9991 and 0.9999, with a linear range from 1 to 100 mu g L-1.
Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) values ranged from 0.2319 mu g L-1 to 1.7160 mu g L-1 and 0.7028 mu g L-1 to 5.1999 mu g L-1, respectively.
The intraday and interday precision tests showed an Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) below 10.0 % and recovery ranging from 71.0 % to 118.0 % with a maximum RSD of 5.5 %.
The method was applied to real samples of C. elegans treated with 200 uM of thallium acetate solution, determining the uptake and bioaccumulated Tl+ content during acute exposure.
Epidemiological data suggest that consuming diets rich in carotenoids can reduce the risk of developing several non-communicable diseases. Thus, we investigated the extent to which carotenoid contents of foods can be increased by the choice of food matrices with naturally high carotenoid contents and thermal processing methods that maintain their stability. For this purpose, carotenoids of 15 carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars of different colors were assessed with UHPLC-DAD-ToF-MS. Additionally, the processing effects of air drying, air frying, and deep frying on carotenoid stability were applied. Cultivar selection accounted for up to 12.9-fold differences in total carotenoid content in differently colored carrots and a 2.2-fold difference between orange carrot cultivars. Air frying for 18 and 25 min and deep frying for 10 min led to a significant decrease in total carotenoid contents. TEAC assay of lipophilic extracts showed a correlation between carotenoid content and antioxidant capacity in untreated carrots.
Current attempts to prevent and manage type 2 diabetes have been moderately effective, and a better understanding of the molecular roots of this complex disease is important to develop more successful and precise treatment options.
Recently, we initiated the collective diabetes cross, where four mouse inbred strains differing in their diabetes susceptibility were crossed with the obese and diabetes-prone NZO strain and identified the quantitative trait loci (QTL) Nidd13/NZO, a genomic region on chromosome 13 that correlates with hyperglycemia in NZO allele carriers compared to B6 controls.
Subsequent analysis of the critical region, harboring 644 genes, included expression studies in pancreatic islets of congenic Nidd13/NZO mice, integration of single-cell data from parental NZO and B6 islets as well as haplotype analysis.
Finally, of the five genes (Acot12, S100z, Ankrd55, Rnf180, and Iqgap2) within the polymorphic haplotype block that are differently expressed in islets of B6 compared to NZO mice, we identified the calcium-binding protein S100z gene to affect islet cell proliferation as well as apoptosis when overexpressed in MINE cells. In summary, we define S100z as the most striking gene to be causal for the diabetes QTL Nidd13/NZO by affecting beta-cell proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, S100z is an entirely novel diabetes gene regulating islet cell function.
Scaling agriculture to the globally rising population demands new approaches for future crop production such as multilayer and multitrophic indoor farming. Moreover, there is a current trend towards sustainable local solutions for aquaculture and saline agriculture. In this context, halophytes are becoming increasingly important for research and the food industry. As Salicornia europaea is a highly salt-tolerant obligate halophyte that can be used as a food crop, indoor cultivation with saline water is of particular interest. Therefore, finding a sustainable alternative to the use of seawater in non-coastal regions is crucial. Our goal was to determine whether natural brines, which are widely distributed and often available in inland areas, provide an alternative water source for the cultivation of saline organisms. This case study investigated the potential use of natural brines for the production of S. europaea. In the control group, which reflects the optimal growth conditions, fresh weight was increased, but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups comparing natural brines with artificial sea water. A similar pattern was observed for carotenoids and chlorophylls. Individual components showed significant differences. However, within treatments, there were mostly no changes. In summary, we showed that the influence of the different chloride concentrations was higher than the salt composition. Moreover, nutrient-enriched natural brine was demonstrated to be a suitable alternative for cultivation of S. europaea in terms of yield and nutritional quality. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence for the future potential of natural brine waters for the further development of aquaculture systems and saline agriculture in inland regions.
Insulin is the main anabolic hormone secreted by 13-cells of the pancreas stimulating the assimilation and storage of glucose in muscle and fat cells. It modulates the postprandial balance of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins via enhancing lipogenesis, glycogen and protein synthesis and suppressing glucose generation and its release from the liver. Resistance to insulin is a severe metabolic disorder related to a diminished response of peripheral tissues to the insulin action and signaling. This leads to a disturbed glucose homeostasis that precedes the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a disease reaching epidemic proportions. A large number of studies reported an association between elevated circulating fatty acids and the development of insulin resistance. The increased fatty acid lipid flux results in the accumulation of lipid droplets in a variety of tissues. However, lipid intermediates such as diacylglycerols and ceramides are also formed in response to elevated fatty acid levels. These bioactive lipids have been associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. More recently, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), another bioactive sphingolipid derivative, has also been shown to increase in T2D and obesity. Although many studies propose a protective role of S1P metabolism on insulin signaling in peripheral tissues, other studies suggest a causal role of S1P on insulin resistance. In this review, we critically summarize the current state of knowledge of S1P metabolism and its modulating role on insulin resistance. A particular emphasis is placed on S1P and insulin signaling in hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, adipocytes and pancreatic 13-cells. In particular, modulation of receptors and enzymes that regulate S1P metabolism can be considered as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of insulin resistance and T2D.
Cross-sectional associations of dietary biomarker patterns with health and nutritional status
(2024)
Being born large for gestational age is associated with increased global placental DNA methylation
(2020)
Being born small (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) is associated with adverse birth outcomes and metabolic diseases in later life of the offspring. It is known that aberrations in growth during gestation are related to altered placental function. Placental function is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. Several studies in recent years have demonstrated associations between altered patterns of DNA methylation and adverse birth outcomes. However, larger studies that reliably investigated global DNA methylation are lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize global placental DNA methylation in relationship to size for gestational age. Global DNA methylation was assessed in 1023 placental samples by LC-MS/MS. LGA offspring displayed significantly higher global placental DNA methylation compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA; p<0.001). ANCOVA analyses adjusted for known factors impacting on DNA methylation demonstrated an independent association between placental global DNA methylation and LGA births (p<0.001). Tertile stratification according to global placental DNA methylation levels revealed a significantly higher frequency of LGA births in the third tertile. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis corrected for known factors influencing birth weight highlighted an independent positive association between global placental DNA methylation and the frequency of LGA births (p=0.001).
Macrophages have important protective functions during infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). However, molecular mechanisms that restrict viral propagation and protect from severe disease are unclear. Here we show that macrophages take up HSV-1 via endocytosis and transport the virions into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). In MVBs, acid ceramidase (aCDase) converts ceramide into sphingosine and increases the formation of sphingosine-rich intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). Once HSV-1 particles reach MVBs, sphingosine-rich ILVs bind to HSV-1 particles, which restricts fusion with the limiting endosomal membrane and prevents cellular infection. Lack of aCDase in macrophage cultures or in Asah1(-/-) mice results in replication of HSV-1 and Asah1(-/-) mice die soon after systemic or intravaginal inoculation. The treatment of macrophages with sphingosine enhancing compounds blocks HSV-1 propagation, suggesting a therapeutic potential of this pathway. In conclusion, aCDase loads ILVs with sphingosine, which prevents HSV-1 capsids from penetrating into the cytosol.
Experimental studies have reported on the anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. However, results from epidemiological investigations have been inconsistent and especially studies using biomarkers for assessment of polyphenol intake have been scant. We aimed to characterise the association between plasma concentrations of thirty-five polyphenol compounds and low-grade systemic inflammation state as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A cross-sectional data analysis was performed based on 315 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort with available measurements of plasma polyphenols and hsCRP. In logistic regression analysis, the OR and 95 % CI of elevated serum hsCRP (>3 mg/l) were calculated within quartiles and per standard deviation higher level of plasma polyphenol concentrations. In a multivariable-adjusted model, the sum of plasma concentrations of all polyphenols measured (per standard deviation) was associated with 29 (95 % CI 50, 1) % lower odds of elevated hsCRP. In the class of flavonoids, daidzein was inversely associated with elevated hsCRP (OR 0 center dot 66, 95 % CI 0 center dot 46, 0 center dot 96). Among phenolic acids, statistically significant associations were observed for 3,5-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (OR 0 center dot 58, 95 % CI 0 center dot 39, 0 center dot 86), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (OR 0 center dot 63, 95 % CI 0 center dot 46, 0 center dot 87), ferulic acid (OR 0 center dot 65, 95 % CI 0 center dot 44, 0 center dot 96) and caffeic acid (OR 0 center dot 69, 95 % CI 0 center dot 51, 0 center dot 93). The odds of elevated hsCRP were significantly reduced for hydroxytyrosol (OR 0 center dot 67, 95 % CI 0 center dot 48, 0 center dot 93). The present study showed that polyphenol biomarkers are associated with lower odds of elevated hsCRP. Whether diet rich in bioactive polyphenol compounds could be an effective strategy to prevent or modulate deleterious health effects of inflammation should be addressed by further well-powered longitudinal studies.
Background: Dietary protein restriction is emerging as an alternative approach to treat obesity and glucose intolerance because it markedly increases plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations. Similarly, dietary restriction of methionine is known to mimic metabolic effects of energy and protein restriction with FGF21 as a required mechanism. However, dietary protein has been shown to be required for normal bone growth, though there is conflicting evidence as to the influence of dietary protein restriction on bone remodeling. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dietary protein and methionine restriction on bone in lean and obese mice, and clarify whether FGF21 and general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase, that are part of a novel endocrine pathway implicated in the detection of protein restriction, influence the effect of dietary protein restriction on bone.
Methods: Adult wild-type (WT) or Fgf21 KO mice were fed a normal protein (18 kcal%; CON) or low protein (4 kcal%; LP) diet for 2 or 27 weeks. In addition, adult WT or Gcn2 KO mice were fed a CON or LP diet for 27 weeks. Young New Zealand obese (NZO) mice were placed on high-fat diets that provided protein at control (16 kcal%; CON), low levels (4 kcal%) in a high-carbohydrate (LP/HC) or high-fat (LP/HF) regimen, or on high-fat diets (protein, 16 kcal%) that provided methionine at control (0.86%; CON-MR) or low levels (0.17%; MR) for up to 9 weeks. Long bones from the hind limbs of these mice were collected and evaluated with micro-computed tomography (mu CT) for changes in trabecular and cortical architecture and mass.
Results: In WT mice the 27-week LP diet significantly reduced cortical bone, and this effect was enhanced by deletion of Fgf21 but not Gcn2. This decrease in bone did not appear after 2 weeks on the LP diet. In addition, Fgf21 KO mice had significantly less bone than their WT counterparts. In obese NZO mice dietary protein and methionine restriction altered bone architecture. The changes were mediated by FGF21 due to methionine restriction in the presence of cystine, which did not increase plasma FGF21 levels and did not affect bone architecture.
Conclusions: This study provides direct evidence of a reduction in bone following long-term dietary protein restriction in a mouse model, effects that appear to be mediated by FGF21.
Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a lysosomal enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholine, may serve as an investigational tool or a therapeutic intervention to control many diseases. Specific ASM inhibitors are currently not sufficiently characterized. Here, we found that 1-aminodecylidene bis-phosphonic acid (ARC39) specifically and efficiently (>90%) inhibits both lysosomal and secretory ASM in vitro. Results from investigating sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1/Smpd1) mRNA and ASM protein levels suggested that ARC39 directly inhibits ASM's catalytic activity in cultured cells, a mechanism that differs from that of functional inhibitors of ASM. We further provide evidence that ARC39 dose- and time-dependently inhibits lysosomal ASM in intact cells, and we show that ARC39 also reduces platelet- and ASM-promoted adhesion of tumor cells. The observed toxicity of ARC39 is low at concentrations relevant for ASM inhibition in vitro, and it does not strongly alter the lysosomal compartment or induce phospholipidosis in vitro. When applied intraperitoneally in vivo, even subtoxic high doses administered short-term induced sphingomyelin accumulation only locally in the peritoneal lavage without significant accumulation in plasma, liver, spleen, or brain. These findings require further investigation with other possible chemical modifications. In conclusion, our results indicate that ARC39 potently and selectively inhibits ASM in vitro and highlight the need for developing compounds that can reach tissue concentrations sufficient for ASM inhibition in vivo.
Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, which is related to high plasma levels of lipid-soluble micro-nutrients such as carotenoids and tocopherols, is linked to lower incidences of various age-related diseases. Differences in lipid-soluble micronutrient blood concentrations seem to be associated with age. Our retrospective analysis included men and women aged 22-37 and 60-85 years from the Berlin Aging Study II. Participants with simultaneously available plasma samples and dietary data were included (n = 1973). Differences between young and old groups were found for plasma lycopene, alpha-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, beta-cryptoxanthin (only in women), and gamma-tocopherol (only in men). beta-Carotene, retinol and lutein/zeaxanthin did not differ between young and old participants regardless of the sex. We found significant associations for lycopene, alpha-carotene (both inverse), alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, and beta-carotene (all positive) with age. Adjusting for BMI, smoking status, season, cholesterol and dietary intake confirmed these associations, except for beta-carotene. These micronutrients are important antioxidants and associated with lower incidence of age-related diseases, therefore it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms in order to implement dietary strategies for the prevention of age-related diseases. To explain the lower lycopene and alpha-carotene concentration in older subjects, bioavailability studies in older participants are necessary.
The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa necessitates effective approaches to improve provitamin A content of major staple crops. Cassava holds much promise for food security in sub-Saharan Africa, but a negative correlation between beta-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, and dry matter content has been reported, which poses a challenge to cassava biofortification by conventional breeding. To identify suitable material for genetic transformation in tissue culture with the overall aim to increase beta-carotene and maintain starch content as well as better understand carotenoid composition, root and leaf tissues from thirteen field-grown cassava landraces were analyzed for agronomic traits, carotenoid, chlorophyll, and starch content. The expression of five genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis were determined in selected landraces. Analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between starch and beta-carotene content, whereas there was a strong positive correlation between root yield and many carotenoids including beta-carotene. Carotenoid synthesis genes were expressed in both white and yellow cassava roots, but phytoene synthase 2 (PSY2), lycopene-epsilon-cyclase (LCY epsilon), and beta-carotenoid hydroxylase (CHY beta) expression were generally higher in yellow roots. This study identified lines with reasonably high content of starch and beta-carotene that could be candidates for biofortification by further breeding or plant biotechnological means.
Saliva samples as a tool to study the effect of meal timing on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers
(2020)
Meal timing affects metabolic regulation in humans. Most studies use blood samples fortheir investigations. Saliva, although easily available and non-invasive, seems to be rarely used forchrononutritional studies. In this pilot study, we tested if saliva samples could be used to studythe effect of timing of carbohydrate and fat intake on metabolic rhythms. In this cross-over trial, 29 nonobese men were randomized to two isocaloric 4-week diets: (1) carbohydrate-rich meals until13:30 and high-fat meals between 16:30 and 22:00 or (2) the inverse order of meals. Stimulated salivasamples were collected every 4 h for 24 h at the end of each intervention, and levels of hormones andinflammatory biomarkers were assessed in saliva and blood. Cortisol, melatonin, resistin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 demonstrated distinct diurnal variations, mirroring daytime reports inblood and showing significant correlations with blood levels. The rhythm patterns were similar forboth diets, indicating that timing of carbohydrate and fat intake has a minimal effect on metabolicand inflammatory biomarkers in saliva. Our study revealed that saliva is a promising tool for thenon-invasive assessment of metabolic rhythms in chrononutritional studies, but standardisation of sample collection is needed in out-of-lab studies.
Here were report the combination of biocompatible click chemistry of omega-azidosphinganine with fluorescence microscopy and mass spectrometry as a powerful tool to elaborate the sphingolipid metabolism. The azide probe was efficiently synthesized over 13 steps starting from l-serine in an overall yield of 20% and was used for live-cell fluorescence imaging of the endoplasmic reticulum in living cells by bioorthogonal click reaction with a DBCO-labeled fluorophore revealing that the incorporated analogue is mainly localized in the endoplasmic membrane like the endogenous species. A LC-MS(/MS)-based microsomal in vitro assay confirmed that omega-azidosphinganine mimics the natural species enabling the identification and analysis of metabolic breakdown products of sphinganine as a key starting intermediate in the complex sphingolipid biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, the sphinganine-fluorophore conjugate after click reaction was enzymatically tolerated to form its dihydroceramide and ceramide metabolites. Thus, omega-azidosphinganine represents a useful biofunctional tool for metabolic investigations both by in vivo fluorescence imaging of the sphingolipid subcellular localization in the ER and by in vitro high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. This should reveal novel insights of the molecular mechanisms sphingolipids and their processing enzymes have e.g. in infection.
Objective:
Current data regarding the roles of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in metabolic health are rather conflicting, as positive and negative effects have been attributed to their intake.
Methods:
To address this, individual effects of leucine and valine were elucidated in vivo (C57BL/6JRj mice) with a detailed phenotyping of these supplementations in high-fat (HF) diets and further characterization with in vitro approaches (C2C12 myocytes).
Results:
Here, we demonstrate that under HF conditions, leucine mediates beneficial effects on adiposity and insulin sensitivity, in part due to increasing energy expenditure-likely contributing partially to the beneficial effects of a higher milk protein intake. On the other hand, valine feeding leads to a worsening of HF-induced health impairments, specifically reducing glucose tolerance/ insulin sensitivity. These negative effects are driven by an accumulation of the valine-derived metabolite 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3HIB). Higher plasma 3-HIB levels increase basal skeletal muscle glucose uptake which drives glucotoxicity and impairs myocyte insulin signaling.
Conclusion:
These data demonstrate the detrimental role of valine in an HF context and elucidate additional targetable pathways in the etiology of BCAA-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
Mechanistic studies on the adverse effects of manganese overexposure in differentiated LUHMES cells
(2022)
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but overexposure is associated with toxicity and neurological dysfunction. Accumulation of Mn can be observed in dopamine-rich regions of the brain in vivo and Mn-induced oxidative stress has been discussed extensively. Nevertheless, Mn-induced DNA damage, adverse effects of DNA repair, and possible resulting consequences for the neurite network are not yet characterized. For this, LUHMES cells were used, as they differentiate into dopaminergic-like neurons and form extensive neurite networks. Experiments were conducted to analyze Mn bioavailability and cytotoxicity of MnCl2, indicating a dose-dependent uptake and substantial cytotoxic effects. DNA damage, analyzed by means of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-guanine (8oxodG) and single DNA strand break formation, showed significant dose- and time-dependent increase of DNA damage upon 48 h Mn exposure. Furthermore, the DNA damage response was increased which was assessed by analytical quantification of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). Gene expression of the respective DNA repair genes was not significantly affected. Degradation of the neuronal network is significantly altered by 48 h Mn exposure. Altogether, this study contributes to the characterization of Mn-induced neurotoxicity, by analyzing the adverse effects of Mn on genome integrity in dopaminergic-like neurons and respective outcomes.
The mammalian system of energy balance regulation is intrinsically rhythmic with diurnal oscillations of behavioral and metabolic traits according to the 24 h day/night cycle, driven by cellular circadian clocks and synchronized by environmental or internal cues such as metabolites and hormones associated with feeding rhythms. Mitochondria are crucial organelles for cellular energy generation and their biology is largely under the control of the circadian system. Whether mitochondrial status might also feed-back on the circadian system, possibly via mitokines that are induced by mitochondrial stress as endocrine-acting molecules, remains poorly understood. Here, we describe our current understanding of the diurnal regulation of systemic energy balance, with focus on fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), two well-known endocrine-acting metabolic mediators. FGF21 shows a diurnal oscillation and directly affects the output of the brain master clock. Moreover, recent data demonstrated that mitochondrial stress-induced GDF15 promotes a day-time restricted anorexia and systemic metabolic remodeling as shown in UCP1-transgenic mice, where both FGF21 and GDF15 are induced as myomitokines. In this mouse model of slightly uncoupled skeletal muscle mitochondria GDF15 proved responsible for an increased metabolic flexibility and a number of beneficial metabolic adaptations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying energy balance regulation by mitokines are just starting to emerge, and more data on diurnal patterns in mouse and man are required. This will open new perspectives into the diurnal nature of mitokines and action both in health and disease.
Hässlich aber gut
(2024)
Du sollst nicht essen
(2024)
Zwar sind Menschen biologisch gesehen Allesesser, dennoch gibt es keine Gemeinschaft, die alle ihr zur Verfügung stehenden Nahrungsmittel voll ausschöpft. Immer wird etwas nicht gegessen. Warum wir nicht essen, was wir nicht essen – das beleuchtet dieser Sammelband aus neuro-, ernährungs-, gesellschafts- und religionswissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Ein „religiöser Nutriscore“ gibt Auskunft über die wichtigsten Verzichtsregeln in Judentum, Christentum und Islam. Eine Fotostrecke veranschaulicht, wie bestimmte Speisen zu Festen und Feiertagen zu einem heiligen Essen werden. Nicht zuletzt werden Wege aufgezeigt, wie Menschen, die verschiedene Speiseregeln befolgen, dennoch zusammen essen können – inklusive Praxistest in der Unimensa.
The interplay between diet, intestinal microbiota and host is a major factor impacting health. A diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids has been reported to stimulate the growth of Bilophila wadsworthia by increasing the proportion of the sulfonated bile acid taurocholate (TC). The taurine-induced overgrowth of B. wadsworthia promoted the development of colitis in interleukin-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice. This study aimed to investigate whether intake of the sulfonates sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols (SQDG) with a dietary supplement or their degradation product sulfoquinovose (SQ), stimulate the growth of B. wadsworthia in a similar manner and, thereby, cause intestinal inflammation. Conventional IL-10(-/-) mice were fed a diet supplemented with the SQDG-rich cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina). SQ or TC were orally applied to conventional IL-10(-/-) mice and gnotobiotic IL-10(-/-) mice harboring a simplified human intestinal microbiota with or without B. wadsworthia. Analyses of inflammatory parameters revealed that none of the sulfonates induced severe colitis, but both, Spirulina and TC, induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cecal mucosa. Cell numbers of B. wadsworthia decreased almost two orders of magnitude by Spirulina feeding but slightly increased in gnotobiotic SQ and conventional TC mice. Changes in microbiota composition were observed in feces as a result of Spirulina or TC feeding in conventional mice. In conclusion, the dietary sulfonates SQDG and their metabolite SQ did not elicit bacteria-induced intestinal inflammation in IL-10(-/-) mice and, thus, do not promote colitis.
Background:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a dysregulation of the mucosal immune system. The pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is linked to the loss of intestinal tolerance and barrier function. The healthy mucosal immune system has previously been shown to be inert against food antigens. Since the small intestine is the main contact surface for antigens and therefore the immunological response, the present study served to analyse food-antigen-specific T cells in the peripheral blood of IBD patients.
Methods:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CD, with an affected small intestine, and UC (colitis) patients, either active or in remission, were stimulated with the following food antigens: gluten, soybean, peanut and ovalbumin. Healthy controls and celiac disease patients were included as controls. Antigen-activated CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood were analysed by a magnetic enrichment of CD154+ effector T cells and a cytometric antigen-reactive T-cell analysis (‘ARTE’ technology) followed by characterisation of the ef- fector response.
Results:
The effector T-cell response of antigen-specific T cells were compared between CD with small intestinal inflammation and UC where inflammation was restricted to the colon. Among all tested food antigens, the highest frequency of antigen-specific T cells (CD4+CD154+) was found for gluten. Celiac disease patients were included as control, since gluten has been identified as the disease- causing antigen. The highest frequency of gluten antigen-specific T cells was revealed in active CD when compared with UC, celiac disease on a gluten-free diet (GFD) and healthy controls. Ovalbuminspecific T cells were almost undetectable, whereas the reaction to soybean and peanut was slightly higher. But again, the strong- est reaction was observed in CD with small intestinal involvement compared with UC. Remarkably, in celiac disease on a GFD only
antigen-specific cells for gluten were detected. These gluten-specific T cells were characterised by up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17A and TNF-α. IFN-g was exclusively elevated in CD patients with active disease. Gluten-specific T-cells expressing IL-17A were increased in all IBD patients. Furthermore, T cells of CD patients, independent of disease activity, revealed a high expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α.
Conclusion:
The ‘ARTE’-technique allows to analyse and quantify food antigen specific T cells in the peripheral blood of IBD patients indicating a potential therapeutic insight. These data provide evidence that small intestinal inflammation in CD is key for the development of a systemic pro-inflammatory effector T-cell response driven by food antigens.
Plant proteins have become increasingly important for ecological reasons. Rapeseed is a novel source of plant proteins with high biological value, but its metabolic impact in humans is largely unknown. A randomized, controlled intervention study including 20 healthy subjects was conducted in a crossover design. All participants received a test meal without additional protein or with 28 g of rapeseed protein isolate or soy protein isolate (control). Venous blood samples were collected over a 360-min period to analyze metabolites; satiety was assessed using a visual analog scale. Postprandial levels of lipids, urea, and amino acids increased following the intake of both protein isolates. The postprandial insulin response was lower after consumption of the rapeseed protein than after intake of the soy protein (p< 0.05), whereas the postmeal responses of glucose, lipids, interleukin-6, minerals, and urea were comparable between the two protein isolates. Interestingly, the rapeseed protein exerted stronger effects on postprandial satiety than the soy protein (p< 0.05). The postmeal metabolism following rapeseed protein intake is comparable with that of soy protein. The favorable effect of rapeseed protein on postprandial insulin and satiety makes it a valuable plant protein for human nutrition.