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We continue our study of invariant forms of the classical equations of mathematical physics,
such as the Maxwell equations or the Lamé system, on manifold with boundary. To this end we interpret them in terms of the de Rham complex at a certain step. On using the structure of the complex we get an insight to predict a degeneracy deeply encoded
in the equations. In the present paper we develop an invariant approach to the classical Navier-Stokes equations.
In this work we study reciprocal classes of Markov walks on graphs. Given a continuous time reference Markov chain on a graph, its reciprocal class is the set of all probability measures which can be represented as a mixture of the bridges of the reference walks. We characterize reciprocal classes with two different approaches. With the first approach we found it as the set of solutions to duality formulae on path space, where the differential operators have the interpretation of the addition of infinitesimal random loops to the paths of the canonical process. With the second approach we look at short time asymptotics of bridges. Both approaches allow an explicit computation of reciprocal characteristics, which are divided into two families, the loop characteristics and the arc characteristics. They are those specific functionals of the generator of the reference chain which determine its reciprocal class. We look at the specific examples such as Cayley graphs, the hypercube and planar graphs. Finally we establish the first concentration of measure results for the bridges of a continuous time Markov chain based on the reciprocal characteristics.
In this paper we study the convergence of continuous Newton method for solving nonlinear equations with holomorphic mappings in complex Banach spaces. Our contribution is based on a recent progress in the geometric theory of spirallike functions. We prove convergence theorems and illustrate them by numerical simulations.
We consider the Navier-Stokes equations in the layer R^n x [0,T] over R^n with finite T > 0. Using the standard fundamental solutions of the Laplace operator and the heat operator, we reduce the Navier-Stokes equations to a nonlinear Fredholm equation of the form (I+K) u = f, where K is a compact continuous operator in anisotropic normed Hölder spaces weighted at the point at infinity with respect to the space variables. Actually, the weight function is included to provide a finite energy estimate for solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations for all t in [0,T]. On using the particular properties of the de Rham complex we conclude that the Fréchet derivative (I+K)' is continuously invertible at each point of the Banach space under consideration and the map I+K is open and injective in the space. In this way the Navier-Stokes equations prove to induce an open one-to-one mapping in the scale of Hölder spaces.
We prove statistical rates of convergence for kernel-based least squares regression from i.i.d. data using a conjugate gradient algorithm, where regularization against overfitting is obtained by early stopping. This method is related to Kernel Partial Least Squares, a regression method that combines supervised dimensionality reduction with least squares projection. Following the setting introduced in earlier related literature, we study so-called "fast convergence rates" depending on the regularity of the target regression function (measured by a source condition in terms of the kernel integral operator) and on the effective dimensionality of the data mapped into the kernel space. We obtain upper bounds, essentially matching known minimax lower bounds, for the L^2 (prediction) norm as well as for the stronger Hilbert norm, if the true
regression function belongs to the reproducing kernel Hilbert space. If the latter assumption is not fulfilled, we obtain similar convergence rates for appropriate norms, provided additional unlabeled data are available.
Convoluted Brownian motion
(2016)
In this paper we analyse semimartingale properties of a class of Gaussian periodic processes, called convoluted Brownian motions, obtained by convolution between a deterministic function and a Brownian motion. A classical
example in this class is the periodic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We compute their characteristics and show that in general, they are neither
Markovian nor satisfy a time-Markov field property. Nevertheless, by enlargement
of filtration and/or addition of a one-dimensional component, one can in some case recover the Markovianity. We treat exhaustively the case of the bidimensional trigonometric convoluted Brownian motion and the higher-dimensional monomial convoluted Brownian motion.
This article assesses the distance between the laws of stochastic differential equations with multiplicative Lévy noise on path space in terms of their characteristics. The notion of transportation distance on the set of Lévy kernels introduced by Kosenkova and Kulik yields a natural and statistically tractable upper bound on the noise sensitivity. This extends recent results for the additive case in terms of coupling distances to the multiplicative case. The strength of this notion is shown in a statistical implementation for simulations and the example of a benchmark time series in paleoclimate.
The aim of this paper is to bring together two areas which are of great importance for the study of overdetermined boundary value problems. The first area is homological algebra which is the main tool in constructing the formal theory of overdetermined problems. And the second area is the global calculus of pseudodifferential operators which allows one to develop explicit analysis.
We elaborate a boundary Fourier method for studying an analogue of the Hilbert problem for analytic functions within the framework of generalised Cauchy-Riemann equations. The boundary value problem need not satisfy the Shapiro-Lopatinskij condition and so it fails to be Fredholm in Sobolev spaces. We show a solvability condition of the Hilbert problem, which looks like those for ill-posed
problems, and construct an explicit formula for approximate solutions.
We consider a statistical inverse learning problem, where we observe the image of a function f through a linear operator A at i.i.d. random design points X_i, superposed with an additional noise. The distribution of the design points is unknown and can be very general. We analyze simultaneously the direct (estimation of Af) and the inverse (estimation of f) learning problems. In this general framework, we obtain strong and weak minimax optimal rates of convergence (as the number of observations n grows large) for a large class of spectral regularization methods over regularity classes defined through appropriate source conditions. This improves on or completes previous results obtained in related settings. The optimality of the obtained rates is shown not only in the exponent in n but also in the explicit dependence of the constant factor in the variance of the noise and the radius of the source condition set.
When trying to extend the Hodge theory for elliptic complexes on compact closed manifolds to the case of compact manifolds with boundary one is led to a boundary value problem for
the Laplacian of the complex which is usually referred to as Neumann problem. We study the Neumann problem for a larger class of sequences of differential operators on
a compact manifold with boundary. These are sequences of small curvature, i.e., bearing the property that the composition of any two neighbouring operators has order less than two.
Using an algorithm based on a retrospective rejection sampling scheme, we propose an exact simulation of a Brownian diffusion whose drift admits several jumps. We treat explicitly and extensively the case of two jumps, providing numerical simulations. Our main contribution is to manage the technical difficulty due to the presence of two jumps thanks to a new explicit expression of the transition density of the skew Brownian motion with two semipermeable barriers and a constant drift.
This is a brief survey of a constructive technique of analytic continuation related to an explicit integral formula of Golusin and Krylov (1933). It goes far beyond complex analysis and applies to the Cauchy problem for elliptic partial differential equations as well. As started in the classical papers, the technique is elaborated in generalised Hardy spaces also called Hardy-Smirnov spaces.
In a bounded domain with smooth boundary in R^3 we consider the stationary Maxwell equations
for a function u with values in R^3 subject to a nonhomogeneous condition
(u,v)_x = u_0 on
the boundary, where v is a given vector field and u_0 a function on the boundary. We specify this problem within the framework of the Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problems for the Moisil-Teodorescu system. This latter is proved to satisfy the Shapiro-Lopaniskij condition if an only if the vector v is at no point tangent to the boundary. The Riemann-Hilbert problem for the Moisil-Teodorescu system fails to possess an adjoint boundary value problem with respect to the Green formula, which satisfies the Shapiro-Lopatinskij condition. We develop the construction of Green formula to get a proper concept of adjoint boundary value problem.