Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (158) (remove)
Language
- German (86)
- English (71)
- Multiple languages (1)
Keywords
- Blickbewegungen (10)
- eye movements (8)
- Aggression (5)
- Lesen (5)
- children (5)
- Aufmerksamkeit (4)
- EEG (4)
- Kinder (4)
- computational modeling (4)
- middle childhood (4)
- reading (4)
- Computationale Modellierung (3)
- Depression (3)
- Eltern (3)
- Entwicklung (3)
- Jugendliche (3)
- Motivation (3)
- adolescents (3)
- aggression (3)
- attention (3)
- development (3)
- mittlere Kindheit (3)
- numerische Kognition (3)
- parafoveal processing (3)
- parents (3)
- Adipositas (2)
- Angewandte Sozialpsychologie (2)
- Anorexia nervosa (2)
- Arbeitsgedächtnis (2)
- Augenbewegungen (2)
- Beanspruchung (2)
- Coping (2)
- Ereigniskorreliertes Potenzial (2)
- Eye movements (2)
- Gesundheitsförderung (2)
- Intervention (2)
- Jugendalter (2)
- Kinder und Jugendliche (2)
- Kognition (2)
- Lebensqualität (2)
- Lehrer (2)
- Lehrergesundheit (2)
- Leseentwicklung (2)
- Oculomotor control (2)
- Theory of Mind (2)
- Wohlbefinden (2)
- anger regulation (2)
- anorexia nervosa (2)
- children and adolescents (2)
- cognition (2)
- conditional reasoning (2)
- coping (2)
- depression (2)
- dysfunktionale Einstellungen (2)
- executive function (2)
- exercise (2)
- eye tracking (2)
- gestörtes Essverhalten (2)
- health promotion (2)
- language (2)
- mentale Zahlenrepräsentation (2)
- motivation (2)
- numerical cognition (2)
- obesity (2)
- overweight (2)
- prevention (2)
- quality of life (2)
- reading development (2)
- social cognition (2)
- soziale Beziehungen (2)
- strain (2)
- working memory (2)
- Ärgerregulation (2)
- ADHD (1)
- ADHS (1)
- Abhängigkeitsauflösung (1)
- Acetylcholin (1)
- Achtsamkeit (1)
- Affekt (1)
- Aktualisierung (1)
- Allgemeine Psychologie (1)
- Altersunterschiede (1)
- Anaphern (1)
- Angsterkrankung (1)
- Antidepressiva (1)
- Antipsychotika (1)
- Applied Psychology (1)
- Arbeit (1)
- Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität (1)
- Arbeitsgestaltung (1)
- Arbeitsmotivation (1)
- Arbeitsplatz (1)
- Arbeitsplatzphobie (1)
- Arbeitsunfähigkeit (1)
- Athlet (1)
- Attention (1)
- Aufgabenwechsel (1)
- Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle (1)
- Ausbildungsforschung (1)
- Authentizität (1)
- Automatizität (1)
- Automobildesign (1)
- Aversionsgefühle (1)
- Baby- und Kleinkind (1)
- Bedeutung (1)
- Befundintegration (1)
- Belastung (1)
- Berufseinstieg (1)
- Bewältigungsstrategien (1)
- Blickbewegung (1)
- Blickbewegungen beim Lesen (1)
- Blickbewegungskontrolle (1)
- Blickpfade (1)
- Blickspuren (1)
- Boundary-Paradigma (1)
- Brazil (1)
- Brinley analysis (1)
- Brinley plot (1)
- Brinley-Analyse (1)
- Brinley-Plot (1)
- Bulimia nervosa (1)
- Burn-out-Syndrom (1)
- CAR (1)
- CNV (1)
- Change Management (1)
- Chile (1)
- Chronische Schmerzen (1)
- Colitis ulcerosa (1)
- Common Sense Model of Illness Representation (1)
- Company success (1)
- Computer Augmented Reality (1)
- Crohn's disease (1)
- Datenassimilation (1)
- Deduction (1)
- Dekodierung (1)
- Demenz (1)
- Deutsch (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Developmental psychology (1)
- Diagnose und Klassifikation (1)
- Diagnostik (1)
- Distanzierung (1)
- ECG (1)
- EDA (1)
- EKG (1)
- EMG-Biofeedback (1)
- EMG-biofeedback (1)
- Early childhood (1)
- Eltern-Kind-Assoziation (1)
- Emotion (1)
- Emotion Regulation (1)
- Emotionale Erschöpfung (1)
- Emotionsregulation (1)
- Entrainment (1)
- Entwicklungspsychologie (1)
- Ernährung (1)
- Erzählendes Schreiben (1)
- Essstörung (1)
- Essstörungen (1)
- Essverhalten (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Evolutionspsychologie (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Expertise (1)
- Eye movement (1)
- Eye-Tracking (1)
- Fachwissen (1)
- Fehlbeanspruchungen (1)
- Femininität (1)
- Figursorgen (1)
- Fingerzählen (1)
- Fixationdauern (1)
- Fixationspositionen (1)
- Fixationssequenzen (1)
- Flow (1)
- Funktionelle Bauchschmerzen (1)
- GHQ (1)
- Gedankenschweifen (1)
- Gedankenverlorenes Lesen (1)
- Gedächtnis (1)
- Gender Identity (1)
- Gender Stereotypes (1)
- Gender role stereotypes (1)
- Gerechtigkeitsentwicklung (1)
- German (1)
- Gerontologie (1)
- Geschlechterstereotype (1)
- Geschlechtsidentität (1)
- Geschlechtsrollenselbstkonzept (1)
- Geschmackssystems (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Gesundheitsressourcen (1)
- Gewicht (1)
- Gewichtssorgen (1)
- Glaubwürdigkeit (1)
- Grundschule (1)
- Grundschüler (1)
- HIV (1)
- Handlungsregulation (1)
- Hemmung (1)
- Herzrate (1)
- Herzratenvariabilität (1)
- Heuristik (1)
- Hochleistungssport (1)
- Human Resources Management (1)
- Human service work (1)
- IOVP effect (1)
- IOVP-Effekt (1)
- Identity Structure Analysis (1)
- Infancy (1)
- Infants (1)
- Innovativität (1)
- Instandhaltung (1)
- Intelligenz (1)
- Interindividuelle Unterschiede (1)
- Internalisierung (1)
- Junge Mutter / Kind / Aggressivität / Risikoverhalten (1)
- Kausalität (1)
- Kindergarten (1)
- Kindheit (1)
- Klassifikationsgüte (1)
- Kleinkinder (1)
- Kognitive Motivation (1)
- Komorbiditäten (1)
- Kompetenzentwicklung (1)
- Konditional (1)
- Konditionalregeln (1)
- Konditionalsatz (1)
- Kontingenzansatz (1)
- Koregistrierung (1)
- Korrektursakkaden (1)
- Krankheitsbewältigung (1)
- Krankheitsschwere (1)
- Körperbild (1)
- Körperunzufriedenheit (1)
- Landepositionen (1)
- Landepositionsfehler (1)
- Lehrertraining (1)
- Leistungsmotivation (1)
- Lernen (1)
- Lernmotivation (1)
- Lernstrategien (1)
- Lerntechnik (1)
- Lernverlauf (1)
- Leseanfänger (1)
- Leseförderung (1)
- Lesemotivation (1)
- Lesestrategie (1)
- Levels-of-inattention Hypothese (1)
- Lexikalische Verarbeitung (1)
- Logisches Denken (1)
- Längsschnitt (1)
- Längsschnittstudie (1)
- MASC (1)
- MBI (1)
- MCMC (1)
- MDS (1)
- MaiStep (1)
- Maintenance (1)
- Maskulinität (1)
- Mathematik (1)
- Media Psychology (1)
- Media Violence (1)
- Medien (1)
- Mediengewalt (1)
- Medienpsychologie (1)
- Mehrebenenanalyse (1)
- Mental Models Theory (1)
- Mentale Modell Theorie (1)
- Metakognition (1)
- Metrum (1)
- Mikrosakkaden (1)
- Modalitätspaarungen (1)
- Model of Analogue and Symbolic Codes (1)
- Modell der Bayesianischen Sakkadenplanung (1)
- Modelllernen (1)
- Morbus Crohn (1)
- Mother-Child Interaction (1)
- Motive (1)
- Moving Window (1)
- Musik (1)
- Musikrhythmus (1)
- Muskelsorgen (1)
- Mutter-Kind Interaktion (1)
- Mütter (1)
- Nachwuchssport (1)
- Nahrungsergänzungsmittel (1)
- Negative Emotionality (1)
- Negative Emotionalität (1)
- Neurofeedback (1)
- Nicotin (1)
- Nucleus parabrachialis (1)
- Numerical cognition (1)
- Okulomotorik (1)
- Optimale und Präferierte Blickposition (1)
- Organisationsentwicklung (1)
- Organisationswandel (1)
- P30 0 (1)
- P300 (1)
- Panelstichprobe (1)
- Parafoveale Verarbeitung (1)
- Parallele Verarbeitung (1)
- Parameterschätzung (1)
- Partizipationsstörung (1)
- Patientenschulung (1)
- Peer-Einflüsse (1)
- Peers (1)
- Perception (1)
- Personenbezogene Dienstleistungstätigkeiten (1)
- Persönlichkeit (1)
- Persönlichkeitsentwicklung (1)
- Pflegeberuf (1)
- Physiologische Psychologie (1)
- Placebo (1)
- PoNeGri (1)
- Prevalence (1)
- Preview Benefit (1)
- Proactivity (1)
- Proaktivität (1)
- Probabilistische Theorie (1)
- Produkterleben (1)
- Progredienzangst (1)
- Pronomenauflösung (1)
- Präferenzen (1)
- Präferenzmessung (1)
- Prävalenz (1)
- Prävention (1)
- Psychische Belastung (1)
- Psychische Gesundheit (1)
- Psycholinguistik (1)
- Psychologie (1)
- Psychologiestudium (1)
- Psychophysiologie (1)
- Psychophysiology (1)
- Psychosoziale Gesundheit (1)
- Psychotherapie (1)
- Psychotherapieausbildung (1)
- Psychotherapieforschung (1)
- RDoC (1)
- Ramsey test (1)
- Ramsey-Test (1)
- Reading (1)
- Reading Strategy (1)
- Rechnen (1)
- Rechtspsychologie (1)
- Reciprocal Teaching (1)
- Regressionsanalysen (1)
- Regressionsmodell (1)
- Reiz-Reaktions-Zuordnung (1)
- Religiosität (1)
- Research Domain Criteria (1)
- Reziprokes Lehren (1)
- Risiko- und Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren (1)
- Risikofaktoren (1)
- Risk and Vulnerability Factors (1)
- S-R Kompatibilität (1)
- S-R compatibility (1)
- SFON (1)
- SNARC Effekt (1)
- SNARC effect (1)
- Saccade (1)
- Sakkade (1)
- Satzverarbeitung (1)
- Scene perception (1)
- Schlussfolgern (1)
- School principals (1)
- Schreibfertigkeiten (1)
- Schreibstrategien (1)
- Schulbindung (1)
- Schulen (1)
- Schulleistung (1)
- Schulleitung (1)
- Schüler (1)
- Sekundärsakkaden (1)
- Selbstbestimmungstheorie (1)
- Selbstgesteuertes Lernen (1)
- Selbstmanagement (1)
- Selbstmitgefühl (1)
- Selbstobjektifzierung (1)
- Selbstwirksamkeit (1)
- Selbstzuschreibung (1)
- Self-Determination Theory (1)
- Semantik (1)
- Sexual Aggression (1)
- Sexual Orientation (1)
- Sexualisierung (1)
- Sexuelle Aggression (1)
- Simulationspatienten (1)
- Situationsansatz (1)
- Situative Anforderungen (1)
- Social Psychology (1)
- Soziale Unterstützung (1)
- Soziale Verantwortung (1)
- Soziale Wahrnehmung (1)
- Sozialer Druck (1)
- Sozialpsychologie (1)
- Sport (1)
- Sportler (1)
- Sprachdiagnostik (1)
- Sprache (1)
- Sprachrhythmus (1)
- Stigma (1)
- Strategie (1)
- Strategietraining (1)
- Strategy Training (1)
- Stress (1)
- Stresserleben (1)
- Stressverarbeitung (1)
- Stroop (1)
- Syntax (1)
- Szenenbetrachtung (1)
- Szenenwahrnehmung (1)
- Theorie der Zielsysteme (1)
- Trainingsevaluation (1)
- Transsexuality (1)
- Transsexualität (1)
- Turkey (1)
- Türkei (1)
- Ungerechtigkeitssensibilität (1)
- Unternehmensentwicklung / Management (1)
- Unternehmenserfolg (1)
- Urteilsfindung (1)
- Urteilsgenauigkeit (1)
- Usability (1)
- Verfahrensvalidierung (1)
- Verhaltensprobleme (1)
- Verteilungsgerechtigkeit (1)
- Veränderungsprinzipien (1)
- Visual perception (1)
- Visuelle Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Visuelle Wahrnehmung (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Wahrnehmung von Szenen (1)
- Well-Being (1)
- Werte (1)
- Werteerziehung (1)
- Werteprioritäten (1)
- Wille (1)
- Wissen (1)
- Wissensdiagnose (1)
- Wortassoziationsversuch (1)
- Wortgrenzen (1)
- Zeitdruck (1)
- Zieleffektivitätstraining (1)
- Zwei-Prozess (1)
- Zählen (1)
- academic failure (1)
- achievement (1)
- achtsames Essen (1)
- action processing (1)
- actylcholine (1)
- adolescence (1)
- adolescent (1)
- aesthetic preferences (1)
- aesthetic user requirements (1)
- affect (1)
- age differences (1)
- aging (1)
- alcohol use disorder (1)
- anaphora (1)
- anxiety (1)
- anxiety disorder (1)
- applied social psychology (1)
- arbeitsbezogene Belastungen (1)
- arithmetic (1)
- assessment (1)
- attentional control (1)
- authenticity (1)
- automatic (1)
- automatic processes (1)
- automatische Prozesse (1)
- automotive design (1)
- aversion to clients (1)
- bedingte Wahrscheinlichkeit (1)
- beginning readers (1)
- body dissatisfaction (1)
- body image (1)
- boundary paradigm (1)
- bulimia nervosa (1)
- career entry (1)
- caregiver (1)
- central bottleneck (1)
- child's food intake (1)
- childhood (1)
- childhood abuse (1)
- chronic pain (1)
- chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen (1)
- classification accuracy (1)
- cognitive aging (1)
- cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies (1)
- cognitive functions (1)
- cognitive vulnerability (1)
- common sense model of illness representation (1)
- comorbidities (1)
- competence development (1)
- compositional skills (1)
- computationale Modellierung (1)
- concepts of illness (1)
- conduct problems (1)
- contingency approach (1)
- coregistration (1)
- corrective saccades (1)
- data assimilation (1)
- decoding process (1)
- delirium (1)
- dementia (1)
- dependency resolution (1)
- depressive Symptome (1)
- depressive symptoms (1)
- diagnosis and classification (1)
- diagnostic competence (1)
- diagnostic instruments for language assessment (1)
- diagnostische Kompetenz (1)
- diet (1)
- disease management (1)
- disease severity (1)
- disengagement (1)
- disordered eating (1)
- distributive justice (1)
- disturbed eating (1)
- domain specific knowledge (1)
- dual-process (1)
- dynamical models (1)
- dynamische Modelle (1)
- dysfunctional attitudes (1)
- dysfunctional attitudies (1)
- early adolescence (1)
- early numeracy (1)
- eating behavior (1)
- eating disorder (1)
- eating disorders (1)
- electrodermal activity (1)
- elementary school-age students (1)
- elite athlete (1)
- elterliche Steuerungsstrategien (1)
- emotion (1)
- emotional exhaustion (1)
- emotions (1)
- entrainment (1)
- enumeration (1)
- episodic accumulators (1)
- episodische Akkumulatoren (1)
- etiology (1)
- event-related potentials (1)
- evolutionary psychology (1)
- executive control processes (1)
- exekutive Funktionen (1)
- exekutive Kontrollprozesse (1)
- experiment (1)
- expertise (1)
- explicit (1)
- explizit (1)
- externale Kontrollüberzeugungen (1)
- eye movement (1)
- eye movements during reading (1)
- fMRI (1)
- fMRT (1)
- fear of progression (1)
- fehlplazierte Fixationen (1)
- femininity (1)
- finger counting (1)
- fixation durations (1)
- fixation positions (1)
- fixation sequences (1)
- fluid IQ and chronic stress exposure (1)
- formal cognitive models (1)
- formale kognitive Modelle (1)
- free term entry (1)
- frühe Adoleszenz (1)
- functional abdominal pain (1)
- gesunde und ungesunde Nahrung (1)
- goal effectiveness training (1)
- health (1)
- health at school (1)
- health of teachers (1)
- health resources (1)
- healthy and unhealthy food (1)
- heart rate (1)
- heart rate variability (1)
- heuristics (1)
- human resource management (1)
- illness representations (1)
- imitation (1)
- implicit (1)
- implizit (1)
- individual interest (1)
- individuelle Interessen (1)
- infancy (1)
- inflammatory bowel disease (1)
- inhibition (1)
- innovativeness (1)
- interindividual differences (1)
- internalization (1)
- intervention (1)
- intervention program (1)
- junge Erwachsene (1)
- justice development (1)
- justice sensitivity (1)
- kindliche Ernährung (1)
- knowledge (1)
- knowledge elicitation (1)
- kognitive Funktionen (1)
- kognitive Vulnerabilität (1)
- kognitive und metakognitive Lernstrategien (1)
- kognitives Altern (1)
- landing positions (1)
- language diagnostics (1)
- learning and cognition (1)
- learning progression (1)
- learning strategies (1)
- legal decision making (1)
- levels-of-inattention hypothesis (1)
- lexical processing (1)
- longitudinal analyses (1)
- longitudinal methodology (1)
- longitudinal study (1)
- masculinity (1)
- mathematical modeling (1)
- mathematics (1)
- mathematische Modellierung (1)
- media (1)
- memory (1)
- mental health (1)
- mental modell theory (1)
- mental number line (1)
- mental number representation (1)
- mental number representations (1)
- mental stress (1)
- mental workload (1)
- mentale Beanspruchung (1)
- mentale Modelle (1)
- mentaler Zahlenstrahl (1)
- meter (1)
- microsaccades (1)
- mind wandering (1)
- mindful eating (1)
- mindfulness (1)
- mindless reading (1)
- mislocated fixations (1)
- modality pairings (1)
- model of Bayesian saccade planning (1)
- modelling (1)
- moral development (1)
- moralische Entwicklung (1)
- mothers (1)
- motives (1)
- moving window (1)
- multi-level modeling (1)
- multilevel analysis (1)
- muscularity concern (1)
- music (1)
- musical rhythm (1)
- narrative writing (1)
- natural reading (1)
- natürliches Lesen (1)
- negative valence systems (1)
- negatives Valenzsystem (1)
- neural oscillations (1)
- neurofeedback (1)
- neuronale Oszillationen (1)
- nicotine (1)
- numerische Basisfähigkeiten (1)
- nutritional supplements (1)
- occupational burden (1)
- old age (1)
- optimal and preferred viewing position (1)
- organizational development (1)
- parabrachial nucleus (1)
- parafoveale Verarbeitung (1)
- parafoveale Wortverarbeitung (1)
- parallel processing (1)
- parallel updating (1)
- parallele Aktualisierung (1)
- parameter estimation (1)
- parent-child-association (1)
- parental feeding strategies (1)
- participation disorder (1)
- patient education (1)
- peer influences (1)
- peer relationships (1)
- peers (1)
- perceived teaching quality (1)
- perceptual span (1)
- person-centered approaches (1)
- personal relationships (1)
- personality (1)
- personality development (1)
- personenzentrierte Ansätze (1)
- perzentuelle Lesespanne (1)
- physical attractiveness (1)
- physicians (1)
- physische Attraktivität (1)
- placebo (1)
- pornography (1)
- positive valence systems (1)
- positives Valenzsystem (1)
- predictive modeling (1)
- preference assessment (1)
- preferences (1)
- preview benefit (1)
- primary school (1)
- proactive interference (1)
- proaktive Interferenz (1)
- probabilistic (1)
- probabilistic theory (1)
- probabilistisch (1)
- product experience (1)
- pronoun resolution (1)
- psychische Gesundheit (1)
- psychology (1)
- psychophysiology (1)
- psychotherapy (1)
- psychotherapy research (1)
- psychotherapy training (1)
- reading motivation (1)
- regression analysis (1)
- regression model (1)
- regressive Sakkaden (1)
- regressive saccades (1)
- religiosity (1)
- respondent pool (1)
- räumliche Orientierung (1)
- saccadic error (1)
- scan paths (1)
- scanpaths (1)
- scene perception (1)
- scene viewing (1)
- school commitment (1)
- school leadership (1)
- schools (1)
- schulische Führung (1)
- schulische Gesundheit (1)
- schulischer Misserfolg (1)
- secondary saccades (1)
- selbstregulative Komponenten (1)
- self-compassion (1)
- self-management (1)
- self-objectification (1)
- self-regulated learning (1)
- self-regulation (1)
- self-regulatory procedures (1)
- semantics (1)
- sentence processing (1)
- sexual aggression (1)
- sexual scripts (1)
- sexualization (1)
- sexuelle Orientierung (1)
- shape concern (1)
- sick leave (1)
- similarity (1)
- simulated patients (1)
- situational requirements (1)
- social pressure (1)
- social rejection (1)
- social responsibility (1)
- social support (1)
- soziale Unterstützung (1)
- soziale Zurückweisung (1)
- spatial orientation (1)
- speech processing (1)
- speech rhythm (1)
- sport (1)
- sprachdiagnostische Verfahren (1)
- standardised patients (1)
- standardisierte Patienten (1)
- stigma (1)
- stimulus-response mapping (1)
- strengths-based intervention (1)
- stress processing (1)
- stressor (1)
- students (1)
- students' motivational and emotional characteristics (1)
- stärkenbasierte Intervention (1)
- subjektive Krankheitskonzepte (1)
- syntactic processing (1)
- syntaktische Ambiguität (1)
- syntax (1)
- task switching (1)
- taste processing (1)
- teacher (1)
- teacher judgment accuracy (1)
- teacher self-efficacy facets (1)
- teacher training (1)
- teachers (1)
- teachers health (1)
- theory of goal systems (1)
- theory of mind (1)
- training evaluation (1)
- training research (1)
- transdiagnostic (1)
- transdiagnostisch (1)
- ulcerative colitis (1)
- unipolar affective disorders (1)
- unipolare affektive Störungen (1)
- updating (1)
- validation of method (1)
- value education (1)
- value priorities (1)
- values (1)
- visual attention (1)
- weight (1)
- weight concern (1)
- well-being (1)
- word associations (1)
- word boundaries (1)
- word skipping (1)
- work (1)
- working memory capacity (1)
- workplace (1)
- workplace phobia (1)
- worries and concerns (1)
- writing strategies (1)
- young adults (1)
- young athletes (1)
- zentraler Flaschenhals (1)
- Ähnlichkeit (1)
- Ängste und Sorgen (1)
- Ärzte (1)
- Ätiologie (1)
- Übergewicht (1)
- Überspringen von Wörtern (1)
- ästhetische Nutzeranforderungen (1)
- ästhetische Präferenzen (1)
Institute
- Department Psychologie (158) (remove)
In der wissenschaftlichen Literatur, in der betrieblichen Praxis und in der gesellschaftlichen Diskussion wird wieder zunehmend mehr die Bedeutung der Beschäftigten für den Unternehmenserfolg hervorgehoben und diskutiert. Unternehmen, die zielgerichtet geeignete Managementstrategien mit Blick auf den Umgang mit ihren Beschäftigten einsetzen, werden in bezug auf ihre ökonomische Wertschöpfung als erfolgreicher charakterisiert. Besonders im Bereich Human Resources Management lassen sich erste Belege finden, die es ermöglichen, den ökonomischen Erfolg von Unternehmen kausal auf einzelne Personalmanagementstrategien zurückzuführen. Ziel eigener Untersuchungen in der IT- und Softwarebranche war es, Unternehmenserfolg auf der Grundlage ökonomischer Erfolgsmaße und des subjektiven Erlebens der Beschäftigten in kleinen und mittleren Softwareunternehmen unter besonderer Fokussierung des Human Resources Management und der Unternehmenskultur zu untersuchen.
Value education of youth
(2002)
The value priorities of students and teachers were measured at eight different schools at the beginning and the end of the school year 2000/2001. This study once again confirmed the theoretical model of a universal structure of human values (Schwartz, 1992). At both measurement times, similar gender differences, as well as positive correlations between religiosity and school commitment were found. The students from the non-religious schools determined Hedonism as their highest, and Tradition as their lowest value priority. In the religious schools, Benevolence and Self-Direction were the highest values, whereas Power was found to be the lowest value priority. The change of the values Conformity, Hedonism, and Universalism was predicted both through the students′ religiosity and their type of school. The change of the values Power, Tradition, Benevolence, and Achievement, however, was mainly predicted through their religiosity. In three out of four schools the student-teacher similarity correlated positively with the school commitment of the students. Across all schools student-teacher similarity correlated positively with academic achievement.
The primary focus on the present study was to identify early risk factors for infant aggression in a sample of high risk, low-income teenager mothers and their infants. Despite the amount of research on externalizing behavior, relatively little is known about its development in early childhood. Because chronically aggressive school-age children tend to be those who first display symptoms during preschool years, an examination of the early manifestations of aggressive behavior and the development of measurements for infants is needed. The present study explored a model of infant aggression development that emphasized infant aggression developing largely through the interaction of infant′s dispositional characteristics with their caregiving environment. The study addressed the following relations: (1) Maternal psychosocial functioning with reported and observed infant aggression and negative emotionality, (2) reported measurements of infant aggression and negative emotionality with observed infant measurements of infant aggression and negative emotionality, (3) infant negative emotionality and infant aggression, (4) infant emotion regulation with infant aggression and negative emotionality, (5) the interaction between emotion regulation and negative emotionality in relation to infant aggression, and (6) attachment classification with infant aggression and negative emotionality. Finally, the question of whether these six relations would differ by gender was also addressed. Maternal psychosocial functioning was assessed with self-reported measurements. Infant aggression, negative emotionality and emotion regulation were measured during two standardized assessments, the Strange Situation and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development Assessment and maternal reported with the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. Several interesting findings emerged. One of the main findings concerned maternal attribution and its possible role as a risk factor for later externalizing behaviors. That is, mothers, especially depressed and stressed mothers, tended to report higher levels of infant aggression and negative emotionality than was noted by more objective observers. This tendency was particularly evident in mothers with girl infants. Another important finding concerned emotion regulation. Even at this early age, clear differences in emotion regulation could be seen. Interestingly, infants with high negative emotionality and low emotion regulation were observed to be the most aggressive. Also significant relations emerged for infant negative emotionality and aggression and vise versa. Thus, for purposes of treatment and scientific study, the three constructs (emotion regulation, negative emotionality, and aggression) should be considered in combination. Investigating each alone may not prove fruitful in future examinations. Additionally, different emotion regulation behaviors were observed for girl and boy infants. Aggressive girls looked more at the environment, their toys and their mother, whereas aggressive boys looked less at the environment and their mother and explored their toys more, although looked at the toys less. Although difficult to interpret at this point, it is nonetheless interesting that gender differences exist at this young age in emotion regulatory behaviors. In conclusion, although preliminary, findings from the present study provide intriguing directions for future research. More studies need to conducted focusing on infant aggression, as well as longitudinal studies following the infants over time.
Strategisches Lernen
(2000)