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The psycho-social development of both preterm and term children (n=347) whose mothers reported tocolytic treatment was assessed at the ages of 2, 4.5, 8 years. Term children exposed to tocolysis showed a higher rate of psychiatric disorders as well as poorer cognitive and motor performance than controls. In the preterm children no adverse impact of tocolysis could be found. The results are discussed concerning possible ways in which tocolytic treatment may influence child development. Restrictions because of the preliminary character of this study and the need of further prospective studies to clarify the developmental impact of tocolysis are also considered.
The ralationship between early mother-infant interaction at 3 mo old, biological and psychosocial risks, and later social withdrawal was examined using a hierarchical logistics regression approach. A group of childeren (N=20; aged 4.5-8 yrs old) who were stabily socially withdrawn and a control group of healthy children (N=143) were formed. Variables were entered into the regression models in the follwing order: At first, biological and psychosocial risks and sex, followed by mother and child variables separately, while in a final regression model all of the variables were entered at once. The results show that child behaviors (smilling and gazing) as well as maternal behaviors (facial and motor responsiveness) significantly predict social withdrawal in middle childhood. Among the risks only biolgical risks significantly contribute to later child outcome. These results suggest that a dysfunctional interaction pattern between mother and infant may be a precursor of childhood social withdrawal.
EEG coherence analysis for examining an automatizational deficit in dyslexia - a pilot study Objectives: Do dyslexic children exhibit a general automatizational deficit as well as a phonological deficit? Methods: In 1,6 children aged 9-11 years the reaction time, the number of mistakes and EEG (19 scalp electrodes) were measured in three experiments (verbal and nonverbal). The EEG data was baseline-corrected and after a fast fourier transformation, analyzed with the coherence tool of the Brainvision(C) Software. Results: The dyslexic group made more mistakes than the control group on all tasks but their reaction times were significantly longer only on the verbal tasks. There were no coherence differences on the nonverbal task. On the language-dependent tasks the dyslexics showed higher total-frontal and lower left-frontal coherences only in the theta-frequency range, while in the alpha and beta frequency ranges coherences did not differ. Conclusions: A language-dependent cognitive automatizational deficit in the dyslexic group is assumed that is depicted by the higher synchronization of total-frontal coherences (involvement of the central executive) and is based on the less established functional coupling of cortical subsystems for language processing
This editorial summarizes the currant state of development of guidelines for the assessment and treatment of mental disorders in children and adolescents. The aims of guidelines and criteria for the quality of guidelines are discussed. This special issue intends to be a starting point for the development of guidelines for psychological and psychotherapeutic disciplines in the German-speaking countries
An outline of evidence-based guidelines for the assessment and treatment of depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence is presented. Depressive disorders in children and adolescents are marked by core symptoms similar to those seen in adults, although symptom expression varies greatly with developmental stage. These disorders are common, especially in adolescence, chronic, and recurrent, and are associated with comorbid conditions such as anxiety disorders, conduct disorders, and substance use disorders. Effective treatment approaches for the prevention of depressive disorders and the acute treatment of mild and moderate depressive disorders are available. The psychotherapeutic interventions of choice are currently cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT). The antidepressants of choice are currently selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Especially on relapse prevention and the evaluation of the combination of psychotherapy with antidepressant medication further studies are necessary