Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (2891) (remove)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (2370)
- Doctoral Thesis (375)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (59)
- Review (31)
- Other (29)
- Conference Proceeding (13)
- Preprint (8)
- Habilitation Thesis (5)
- Part of a Book (1)
Keywords
- Conformational analysis (14)
- biomaterials (14)
- nanoparticles (13)
- fluorescence (12)
- Palladium (11)
- photochemistry (11)
- self-assembly (11)
- singlet oxygen (11)
- DNA origami (10)
- Fluorescence (10)
- SERS (10)
- block copolymers (10)
- conformational analysis (10)
- metathesis (10)
- NMR spectroscopy (9)
- fluorescent probes (9)
- ruthenium (9)
- Arenes (8)
- DFT calculations (8)
- Ionic liquids (8)
- NMR (8)
- Synthetic methods (8)
- Theoretical calculations (8)
- Through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS) (8)
- ionic liquids (8)
- polymer (8)
- polymerization (8)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (7)
- NICS (7)
- Nanoparticles (7)
- click chemistry (7)
- crystal structure (7)
- density functional calculations (7)
- electrochemistry (7)
- gold nanoparticles (7)
- nanostructures (7)
- potassium (7)
- ring-opening polymerization (7)
- shape-memory effect (7)
- synthesis (7)
- Anisotropy effect (6)
- Aromaticity (6)
- Dynamic NMR (6)
- Hydrogel (6)
- Kinetics (6)
- LIBS (6)
- Oxygen heterocycles (6)
- Polymer (6)
- Ring current effect (6)
- Ruthenium (6)
- X-ray structure (6)
- carbohydrates (6)
- isomerization (6)
- radical polymerization (6)
- stimuli-sensitive polymers (6)
- surface chemistry (6)
- surface plasmon resonance (6)
- Block copolymers (5)
- Carbohydrates (5)
- Click chemistry (5)
- DNA radiation damage (5)
- EPR (5)
- FRET (5)
- Heterocycles (5)
- Janus emulsions (5)
- Lactones (5)
- Metathesis (5)
- Organic Chemistry (5)
- Quantum chemical calculations (5)
- Raman spectroscopy (5)
- SAXS (5)
- X-ray (5)
- adsorption (5)
- anthracenes (5)
- azobenzene (5)
- biomaterial (5)
- charge transfer (5)
- copper (5)
- crown compounds (5)
- crystallization (5)
- dissociative electron attachment (5)
- heterocycles (5)
- hybrid materials (5)
- ionic liquid (5)
- luminescence (5)
- morphology (5)
- peroxides (5)
- polymers (5)
- quantum chemical calculations (5)
- silver nanoparticles (5)
- Adsorption (4)
- Antiplasmodial (4)
- Biaryls (4)
- Cross-coupling (4)
- Crystal structure (4)
- Cytotoxicity (4)
- Density functional calculations (4)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (4)
- ICSS (4)
- Lactams (4)
- Langmuir monolayer (4)
- Leguminosae (4)
- Photochemistry (4)
- Polymers (4)
- RAFT polymerization (4)
- Synthesis (4)
- TSNMRS (4)
- Water (4)
- X-ray diffraction (4)
- antiplasmodial (4)
- arenes (4)
- atomic force microscopy (4)
- biodegradable polymers (4)
- cytotoxicity (4)
- dynamic NMR (4)
- electron transfer (4)
- gold (4)
- hydrogel (4)
- ion mobility spectrometry (4)
- liposomes (4)
- low-energy electrons (4)
- membranes (4)
- microparticles (4)
- molecular rods (4)
- multiblock copolymer (4)
- nanocomposite (4)
- oxidative stress (4)
- poly(ethylene glycol) (4)
- porous carbon (4)
- sensors (4)
- shape memory (4)
- sodium (4)
- Absorption (3)
- Base pairing (3)
- Bioelectrocatalysis (3)
- Biomaterial (3)
- Biomimetic (3)
- Birch reduction (3)
- C-C coupling (3)
- Carbene ligands (3)
- Conformational equilibrium (3)
- Copper (3)
- Cryo-SEM (3)
- Cycloaddition (3)
- DFT (3)
- DNA (3)
- DNA strand breaks (3)
- Degradation (3)
- Direct electron transfer (3)
- EPR spectroscopy (3)
- Electrospinning (3)
- Energy (3)
- GIAO (3)
- Gas phase electron diffraction (3)
- Gold nanoparticles (3)
- HPLC (3)
- HRTEM (3)
- Hydrogenation (3)
- IR-MALDI (3)
- Imaging (3)
- Light scattering (3)
- Magnetic properties (3)
- Mass spectrometry (3)
- Microemulsions (3)
- Molecular dynamics (3)
- Molecular dynamics simulations (3)
- Molecular modeling (3)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (3)
- NBO analysis (3)
- Platinum group metals (3)
- Rheology (3)
- SANS (3)
- Scattering (3)
- Second-Year Undergraduate (3)
- Solid-phase extraction (3)
- Structure elucidation (3)
- Sulfonamides (3)
- Surfactant micelles (3)
- Thermoresponsive (3)
- Thin film (3)
- ToF-SIMS (3)
- Trifluoromethanesulfonamide (3)
- Water treatment (3)
- X-ray scattering (3)
- Zinc (3)
- ab initio calculations (3)
- actuation (3)
- anomalous diffusion (3)
- batteries (3)
- catalysis (3)
- cell adhesion (3)
- chitosan (3)
- copper(II) (3)
- cycloaddition (3)
- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (3)
- electron paramagnetic resonance (3)
- electrospinning (3)
- endothelial cells (3)
- energy transfer (3)
- enzyme catalysis (3)
- enzymes (3)
- hemocompatibility (3)
- heteroatoms (3)
- hydrogels (3)
- inverse micelles (3)
- living cells (3)
- macrocycles (3)
- magnetic nanoparticles (3)
- mass spectrometry (3)
- membrane (3)
- mesenchymal stem cells (3)
- microcontact printing (3)
- microfluidics (3)
- microgels (3)
- microwave irradiation (3)
- oxidation (3)
- palladium (3)
- peptides (3)
- photocatalysis (3)
- photooxygenation (3)
- photophysics (3)
- poly(lactic acid) (3)
- polyelectrolyte (3)
- probes (3)
- properties (3)
- protein self-assembly (3)
- quantum dots (3)
- radicals (3)
- reaction mechanisms (3)
- rearrangement (3)
- regioselectivity (3)
- spectroscopy (3)
- structure elucidation (3)
- sulfur (3)
- surface modification (3)
- surfactants (3)
- tandem reaction (3)
- tandem reactions (3)
- thermoresponsive polymers (3)
- water (3)
- water-soluble polymers (3)
- (Anti)aromaticity (2)
- 3D printing (2)
- 4-nitrophenol (2)
- AFM (2)
- APCI (2)
- Adsorbent (2)
- Alkylpyridinium salts (2)
- Alkynes (2)
- Amides (2)
- Anisotropic effect (2)
- Anisotropy (2)
- Anthraquinone (2)
- Antimicrobial (2)
- Antiplasmodial activity (2)
- Arenesulfonamides (2)
- Asphodelaceae (2)
- Asteraceae (2)
- Bacteria (2)
- Barrier to ring inversion (2)
- Biocompatible polymers (2)
- Biomaterials (2)
- Biomimetics (2)
- Biopolymer (2)
- Boric acid (2)
- Calcium phosphate (2)
- Calcium phosphates (2)
- Carbenes (2)
- Charge transfer (2)
- Chelatoaromaticity (2)
- Chitosan (2)
- Copper(II) (2)
- DBD dyes (2)
- DNA nanotechnology (2)
- DR-UV-Vis (2)
- Degradable (2)
- Density functional theory (2)
- Depsipeptide (2)
- Diastereoselectivity (2)
- Drug design (2)
- Dynamic NMR spectroscopy (2)
- ESR (2)
- Electrochemistry (2)
- Electrospray ionization (2)
- Energy storage (2)
- Escherichia coli (2)
- Europium (2)
- Extraction (2)
- FhuA (2)
- Fiber (2)
- Flavone (2)
- Fragmentation (2)
- Gold (2)
- H-1 NMR (2)
- Heck reaction (2)
- Homogeneous catalysis (2)
- Hyaluronic acid (2)
- Hybrid materials (2)
- Hydrocarbons (2)
- Hydrogels (2)
- Hypoxia (2)
- Interfacial tension (2)
- Ionic Liquid (2)
- Ionic liquid (2)
- Ionization (2)
- Ionogels (2)
- Iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSS) (2)
- Isoflavone (2)
- Kaolinite (2)
- LCST (2)
- LCST behavior (2)
- Langmuir monolayers (2)
- Laser (2)
- Laser-SNMS (2)
- Ligand design (2)
- Macrocycles (2)
- Maltose-modified PEI (2)
- Maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (2)
- Mars (2)
- Mechanical properties (2)
- Mechanism (2)
- Membrane (2)
- Metabolomics (2)
- Michael addition (2)
- Microemulsion (2)
- Microwave chemistry (2)
- Mineralization (2)
- Molecular orientation (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (2)
- Multiple light scattering (2)
- N ligands (2)
- N-2 reduction (2)
- NCA (2)
- Nanostructure (2)
- Nanostructures (2)
- Nanotechnology (2)
- Natural products (2)
- Network structure (2)
- Nicotinamide (2)
- Niobium (2)
- Oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) (2)
- Organic chemistry (2)
- Oxidation (2)
- P ligands (2)
- PCA (2)
- Perylene (2)
- Phase morphology (2)
- Phase transitions (2)
- Photon Density Wave spectroscopy (2)
- Photon density wave spectroscopy (2)
- Photosynthesis (2)
- Pickering emulsions (2)
- Plasmodium falciparum (2)
- Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (2)
- Polyelectrolytes (2)
- Polyethyleneimine (2)
- Porous silicon (2)
- Porphyrins (2)
- Process analytical technology (2)
- Protein (2)
- Push-pull character (2)
- Push-pull effect (2)
- Quantum dots (2)
- Quantum dynamics (2)
- RAFT (2)
- REMPI (2)
- Raman (2)
- Rearrangement (2)
- Regeneration (2)
- Renewable resources (2)
- Ring-opening polymerization (2)
- Roots (2)
- SPR (2)
- Selenium (2)
- Self-assembly (2)
- Sensors (2)
- Shape-memory effect (2)
- Shape-memory polymer (2)
- Solvent effects (2)
- Solvothermal synthesis (2)
- Spectroscopy (2)
- Spin probes (2)
- Stereochemistry (2)
- Steric effect (2)
- Sulphoxide (2)
- Supramolecular chemistry (2)
- Surface exudates (2)
- Surface functionalization (2)
- TD-DFT (2)
- TEM (2)
- TRLFS (2)
- Taft equation (2)
- Temperature-memory effect (2)
- Tephrosia purpurea (2)
- UV (2)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- XPS (2)
- [4+2] cycloaddition (2)
- ab initio (2)
- aldehydes (2)
- ammonia synthesis (2)
- anisotropic effects (2)
- anthracene (2)
- antifouling (2)
- antimicrobial polymers (2)
- antioxidants (2)
- aromaticity (2)
- arsenolipids present (2)
- artificial muscles (2)
- augmented reality (2)
- auxiliary control (2)
- azobenzenes (2)
- biomarker (2)
- biomineralization (2)
- bottlebrush copolymers (2)
- bottom-up (2)
- bottom-up fabrication (2)
- calcium (2)
- calcium phosphate (2)
- cancer (2)
- carbon nitride (2)
- carotenoids (2)
- catalysts (2)
- cluster (2)
- cod-liver (2)
- configuration (2)
- conformation (2)
- copolymerization (2)
- coumarins (2)
- crosslinking (2)
- crystal structures (2)
- crystallization behavior (2)
- cyclic voltammetry (2)
- degradation (2)
- dendrimers (2)
- diazo compounds (2)
- dielectric spectroscopy (2)
- dienes (2)
- dimerization (2)
- donor-acceptor systems (2)
- drug discovery (2)
- dye removal (2)
- dyes/pigments (2)
- electropolymerization (2)
- electrostatic interactions (2)
- ellipsometry (2)
- emulsion (2)
- emulsion polymerization (2)
- endoperoxides (2)
- energy storage (2)
- enzyme (2)
- erosion (2)
- excited states (2)
- fatty-acids (2)
- fibers (2)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2)
- fluorescence lifetime (2)
- fluorescent dyes (2)
- functionalization (2)
- gas chromatography (2)
- gas sensing (2)
- gelatin (2)
- gels (2)
- glycopolymers (2)
- gold nanostructures (2)
- gold nanotriangles (2)
- green (2)
- hybrid perovskites (2)
- hydrogen (2)
- hydrogen bonds (2)
- hydrolysis (2)
- identification (2)
- interactions (2)
- interfaces (2)
- interferometry (2)
- ion exchange (2)
- ionic liquid crystals (2)
- ionic liquid precursors (2)
- iron (2)
- ketones (2)
- kinetics (2)
- lactones (2)
- lanthanides (2)
- ligands (2)
- liquids (2)
- lithium-sulfur battery (2)
- lithography (2)
- low-temperature NMR spectroscopy (2)
- maleimide (2)
- manganese (2)
- materials science (2)
- mechanical (2)
- metal coordination (2)
- metal-organic frameworks (2)
- methyl orange (2)
- methylene blue (2)
- methylmercury (2)
- micelles (2)
- microemulsion (2)
- microstructure (2)
- minerals (2)
- modeling (2)
- modified Mannich reaction (2)
- molecularly imprinted polymers (2)
- monolayer formation (2)
- monomer (2)
- monomers (2)
- mu-DSC (2)
- multiple light scattering (2)
- nanocomposites (2)
- nanolenses (2)
- nanoparticle dimers (2)
- nanoreactor (2)
- nanotriangles (2)
- naphthalenes (2)
- nitrogen-doped carbon (2)
- oligodepsipeptides (2)
- oxygen (2)
- oxygen heterocycles (2)
- oxygenation (2)
- pH-responsive (2)
- palmitoylation (2)
- perovskite solar cells (2)
- phase morphology (2)
- phenols (2)
- photochromism (2)
- photofragmentation (2)
- photoluminescence (2)
- photon density wave spectroscopy (2)
- photonic crystals (2)
- photoswitches (2)
- physiological consequences (2)
- plasmonics (2)
- platelets (2)
- poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (2)
- polyester (2)
- polyesterurethanes (2)
- polymersomes (2)
- polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (2)
- polyzwitterion (2)
- polyzwitterions (2)
- porous silicon (2)
- process analytical technology (2)
- protein adsorption (2)
- protein carbonyls (2)
- protein-phenol interactions (2)
- proteins (2)
- radiation therapy (2)
- radiosensitizers (2)
- reaction monitoring (2)
- reactive oxygen species (2)
- redox polymers (2)
- roughness (2)
- self-healing (2)
- shape-memory polymer (2)
- shape-memory polymers (2)
- silica (2)
- smart materials (2)
- sodium hydroxide etching (2)
- soft actuators (2)
- soft robotics (2)
- soft-templating (2)
- solubility (2)
- sorption (2)
- spectroscopic ellipsometry (2)
- spider silk (2)
- stability (2)
- stereoselectivity (2)
- stokes shift (2)
- substituent effects (2)
- surface (2)
- surface functionalization (2)
- sustainability (2)
- systems (2)
- temperature (2)
- tetrabromidocuprate(II) (2)
- tetrapyrroles (2)
- thermal properties (2)
- thermoplastics (2)
- thermoresponsive (2)
- thermoresponsive materials (2)
- thin films (2)
- thrombogenicity (2)
- time-dependent configuration interaction (2)
- tin-rich ITO (2)
- upconversion nanoparticles (2)
- visible-light (2)
- water treatment (2)
- wettability (2)
- yolk@shell materials (2)
- "click" chemistry (1)
- "water-in-salt" (1)
- (+)-Tephrodin (1)
- (1)H NMR (1)
- (13)C NMR (1)
- (NMR) (1)
- (TSNMRS) (1)
- ) (1)
- -Acetoxy esters (1)
- 1 (1)
- 1,1-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrosiline (1)
- 1,2,3-triazoles (1)
- 1,2,4-Dithiazole (1)
- 1,2-Disulfonamides (1)
- 1,2-Dithiole (1)
- 1,2-Dithiosquarate,1,2-Dithiosquaratonickelate (1)
- 1,2-diboretane-3-ylidene (1)
- 1,2-dithiosquarate (1)
- 1,2-dithiosquaratometalate (1)
- 1,3-Azasilinanes (1)
- 1,3-Dienes (1)
- 1,3-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-1,3-azasilinane (1)
- 1,3-Oxasilinanes (1)
- 1,4,2-Oxazasilinanes (1)
- 1,5-Dienes (1)
- 1,6,7,12-Tetraazaperylen (1)
- 1-(Dimethylamino)-1-phenyl-1-silacyclohexane (1)
- 1-Methylthio-1-phenyl-1-silacyclohexane (1)
- 10-Methoxy-10,7 '-(chrysophanol anthrone)-chrysophanol (1)
- 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (1)
- 1D structures (1)
- 2 (1)
- 2'-bipyridine (1)
- 2,10-Bis-(3-aminopropyloxy)dibenzo[aj]perylene-8,16-dione (1)
- 2,2-Disubstituted adamantane derivatives (1)
- 2-Alkylidene-4-oxothiazolidine (1)
- 2-Azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-ones (1)
- 2-Dicyanoethene-1 (1)
- 2-Dithiooxalate (1)
- 2-Dithiosquarate (1)
- 2-Hydroxyethylammonium 1-R-indol-3-ylsulfanylacetates (1)
- 2-Substituted adamantane derivatives (1)
- 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phoshphate aldolase (1)
- 2-dithiolate (1)
- 2-oxazoline (1)
- 2D films (1)
- 2D materials (1)
- 2P cross section (1)
- 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline (1)
- 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene (1)
- 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (1)
- 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran (1)
- 3,6-Diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes (1)
- 3,8-Diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (1)
- 3-Fluoro-3-methyl-3-silatetrahydropyran (1)
- 3-Hydroxyisoflavanone (1)
- 3-Oxo-14 alpha, 15 alpha-epoxyschizozygine (1)
- 3-Silatetrahydropyrans (1)
- 3-color fret (1)
- 3-mercaptopropionic acid (1)
- 3-silathianes (1)
- 3D (1)
- 3D electrode structures (1)
- 3D flower superstructures (1)
- 3D printed flow-cell (1)
- 3D structure (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 3c,2e-bonding (1)
- 4 (1)
- 4'-Bis(tert-butyl)-2 (1)
- 4,4 '-Bis(tert-butyl)-2,2 '-bipyridine (1)
- 4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiasiline (1)
- 4-Nitrophenol (1)
- 4-Oxothiazolidine (1)
- 4-Substituted cyclohexanones (1)
- 4-methylene-cyclohexyl pivalate (1)
- 4-silapiperidines (1)
- 4-silathianes (1)
- 4D NOESY (1)
- 4D-actuation (1)
- 5-Hexadecanoylaminofluorescein (1)
- 5-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione 5,8-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione (1)
- 6 alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-toxicarol (1)
- 6-Mercaptopurine (1)
- 6-disilamorpholines (1)
- 8-oxohobartine (1)
- 9-Arylfluorenes (1)
- A-values of COOAr on cyclohexane (1)
- ADC(2) (1)
- ADMET (1)
- ADMET polymerization (1)
- ALTONA equation (1)
- AM1 calculations (1)
- AOT (1)
- AOT bilayer (1)
- AOT/BDAC micelles (1)
- AR (1)
- ATCUN motif (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Ab initio MO computations (1)
- Ab initio quantum chemical methods and calculations (1)
- Ab-initio calculations (1)
- Absorptionsspektren (1)
- Acetone process (1)
- Acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases (1)
- Activation parameters (1)
- Actuation (1)
- Actuators (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Additivity of conformational energies (1)
- Adipocyte (1)
- Adsorption isotherm (1)
- Adsorption kinetic (1)
- Adsorption models (1)
- Adsorption of uremic toxins (1)
- Aerophobicity (1)
- Ag/peptide@SiO(2) nanostructures (1)
- AgAu alloy nanoparticles (1)
- AgI (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Air bubble repellence (1)
- Aktuator (1)
- Alcohols (1)
- Aldehyde oxidase (1)
- Aldehydes (1)
- Aldol condensation (1)
- Alkenes (1)
- Alkenyl cyclohexanone (1)
- Alkenyl cyclohexenone (1)
- Alkylation (1)
- Allylamides (1)
- Allylic compounds (1)
- Allylic oxidation (1)
- Aloe secundiflora (1)
- Aloesaponarin I (1)
- Alternating polyampholytes (1)
- Alumina (1)
- Amines (1)
- Amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (1)
- Amino acids (1)
- Aminolyse (1)
- Aminonaphthol (1)
- Aminonaphthols (1)
- Amphiphiles (1)
- Amphiphilic polymers (1)
- Analogies/Transfer (1)
- Analysis scattering kernel (1)
- Angle-dependent X-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Anionic surfactant (1)
- Anisotropic gold nanoplatelets (1)
- Annelation effect (1)
- Annulation (1)
- Anodes (1)
- Anomerization (1)
- Anserine (1)
- Anthracene (1)
- Anti-HIV (1)
- Anti-Plasmodial activity (1)
- Anti-aromaticity (1)
- Anti-inflammatory (1)
- Antibody (1)
- Antibody binding (1)
- Anticancer (1)
- Antifouling (1)
- Antifouling surfaces (1)
- Antileishmanial (1)
- Antimalarial drug detection (1)
- Antimalarial plants (1)
- Antimicrobial activities (1)
- Antioxidant (1)
- Antiretroviral drugs (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Aptamer (1)
- Arabica coffee (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Aristotelia chilensis (1)
- Aromatic compounds (1)
- Aromatic or quinonoid (1)
- Artemisinin (1)
- Aryllithium compounds (1)
- Assignment of stereochemistry (1)
- Atemgas (1)
- Atropisomerism (1)
- Atropselecrivity (1)
- Au nanoarrays (1)
- Au-Pd nanorods (1)
- Auger electron spectroscopy (1)
- Augmented Reality (1)
- Automated data evaluation (1)
- Axial chirality (1)
- Azadironolide (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- B,N heterocycles (1)
- B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) calculations (1)
- B3LYP/6-311++G** (1)
- BBTP (1)
- Ball milling (1)
- Barrier to rotation about C-N bond (1)
- Basis sets (1)
- Beer mashing (1)
- Bentonite clay (1)
- Benzazepine (1)
- Benzenoid structure (1)
- Benzenoid structures (1)
- Benzoic acid esters (1)
- Benzyne-allene or cumulene-like structure (1)
- Berry Phase (1)
- Berry-Phase (1)
- Betaines (1)
- Biflavonoid (1)
- Bifunctional catalysts (1)
- Binding assay (1)
- Binding pocket position (1)
- Bio-inspired mineralization (1)
- Bioactive surfaces (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Bioinspired (1)
- Biological Sciences (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomass (1)
- Biomimetic sensors (1)
- Biomimetik (1)
- Biomineralization (1)
- Biomolecular interactions (1)
- Biomolecules coupling (1)
- Biophysical chemistry (1)
- Biopolymer material (1)
- Biopolymers (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Birth Weight (1)
- Bombyx mori silk (1)
- Bone repair material (1)
- Books (1)
- Born-Oppenheimer MD (1)
- Boron exposure (1)
- Bottom-up fabrication (1)
- Bound states (1)
- Bragg coherent x-ray diffractive imaging (1)
- Breakthrough (1)
- Breakthrough curve (1)
- Breakthrough time (1)
- Brewster angle microscopy (1)
- Bulbine frutescens (1)
- Bulk-mediated diffusion (1)
- C (1)
- C-13 (1)
- C-13 NMR (1)
- C-13 NMR spectroscopy (1)
- C-13 chemical shift (1)
- C-13 chemical shift difference Delta delta(C C) (1)
- C-13 chemical shifts (1)
- C-H activation (1)
- C-reactive protein (1)
- C. bonducella (1)
- C1N1 (1)
- C2N (1)
- C3N (1)
- C3N5 (1)
- C?H oxidation (1)
- CAL-72 osteoblasts (1)
- CAM-B3LYP (1)
- CC2 calculations (1)
- CH center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds (1)
- CXNY (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Campylobacter jejuni (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Car-Parrinello (1)
- Carbamoyl tetrazoles (1)
- Carbazole (1)
- Carbene or zwitterions (1)
- Carbohydrate mimics (1)
- Carbon (1)
- Carboxyfluorescein (1)
- Carboxylic -acids (1)
- Carboxyrhodamine (1)
- Carica papaya seeds (1)
- Cartilage repair (1)
- Carvotacetones (1)
- Cassiamin A (1)
- Cassiamin B (1)
- Castor oil (1)
- Catalysts (1)
- Catalytic reaction (1)
- Cation exchange Capacity (1)
- Cationic surfactants (1)
- Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (1)
- Cd-free (1)
- Ce/Zr (1)
- Celastraceae (1)
- Cell engineering (1)
- Cell staining (1)
- Cellular uptake (1)
- Cellulose (1)
- Chelates (1)
- Chelation effect (1)
- Chemical calculations (1)
- Chemical dynamics (1)
- Chemical exercises (1)
- Chemical shift assignment (1)
- Chemotaxonomy (1)
- Chiral auxiliaries (1)
- Chiral dopants (1)
- Chitooligosaccharides (1)
- Chitosanase (1)
- Chlorophyll b (1)
- Chromophores (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1)
- Cinnamylidene acetic acid (1)
- Cis- and trans-form (1)
- Claisen rearrangement (1)
- Classical MD (1)
- Clay-polymer nanocomposite - CPN (1)
- Cluster (1)
- Cluster chemistry (1)
- Cluster model (1)
- Co-expression (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Coffee beans (1)
- Coherences (1)
- Coherent states (1)
- Collaborative/Cooperative Learning (1)
- Collagen-binding peptide (1)
- Colloidal lithography (1)
- Composite adsorbents (1)
- Composite hydrogels (1)
- Composites (1)
- Computational chemistry (1)
- Condensed thiazolidines (1)
- Configuration (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Conformation (1)
- Conformation analysis (1)
- Conformational equilibria (1)
- Conical Intersections (1)
- Contact angle (1)
- Continuum properties (1)
- Controlled polymer synthesis (1)
- Controlled polymerization (1)
- Coordination modes (1)
- Coordination polymers (1)
- Copper Metal Complexes (1)
- Copper(II) complexes (1)
- Core-shell-corona micelles (1)
- Correlation function (1)
- Corylus avellana L. (1)
- Coumaronochromone (1)
- Coumestan (1)
- Counterions (1)
- Cross coupling (1)
- Cross-coupling reactions (1)
- Cross-metathesis (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Cryo-TEM (1)
- Crystal and molecular structure (1)
- Crystal packing (1)
- Crystal structures (1)
- Crystallization (1)
- Crystallography (1)
- CuO (1)
- Curriculum (1)
- Cyanine/merocyanine-like structures (1)
- Cyclazines (1)
- Cyclic GMP (1)
- Cyclobutylcarbene (1)
- Cyclodienes (1)
- Cyclohexyl esters (1)
- Cyclophanes (1)
- Cyclotella (1)
- C− H activation (1)
- D. melleri (1)
- DELLA (1)
- DFT and MP2 calculations (1)
- DFT and MP2 simulation (1)
- DFT calculation (1)
- DFT theoretical calculations (1)
- DLS (1)
- DMSO (1)
- DNA complexation (1)
- DNA copolymers (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- DNA damage response (1)
- DNA origami nanostructures (1)
- DNA polyplexes (1)
- DNA recognition (1)
- DNA release (1)
- DNA repair (1)
- DNA-PEI polyplexes (1)
- DNS (1)
- DOHaD (1)
- DOPA (1)
- DSC (1)
- Dalbergia melanoxylon (1)
- Dark reactions (1)
- Dative vs. coordinative NHC -> BR3 bond (1)
- Decontamination (1)
- Defects (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Dehydration (1)
- Dehydro[n]annulenes (1)
- Delta-Kohn Sham method (1)
- Delta-Kohn-Sham (1)
- Density-matrix (1)
- Densityfunctional theory (1)
- Dependent light scattering (1)
- Depolymerization (1)
- Depth profiling (1)
- Designed Biointerfaces (1)
- Designte Biointerface (1)
- Desorption (1)
- Desorption kinetics (1)
- Desymmetrization (1)
- Detergents (1)
- Diagnostics (1)
- Diaminomaleonitrile (1)
- Dianellin (1)
- Diastereomers assignment (1)
- Diatom (1)
- Diazonium salts (1)
- Dielectric properties (1)
- Diffusion processes (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Dimer (1)
- Dimeric anthraquinone (1)
- Diode laser (1)
- Discrete variable representation (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Dissipation-Decoherence (1)
- Dissipation-Dekohärenz (1)
- Distance (1)
- Distance Learning (1)
- Diterpenoid (1)
- Docking (1)
- Docking study (1)
- Dodonaea angustifolia (1)
- Domino reactions (1)
- Doping (1)
- Double exponential model (1)
- Drop morphology (1)
- Drop profile analysis tensiometry (1)
- Drug loading (1)
- Drug metabolism (1)
- Dual Scale Factors (1)
- Dual scale factors (1)
- Dual-Responsiveness (1)
- Dynamic H-1-NMR (1)
- Dynamic HPLC (1)
- Dynamic equilibrium (1)
- Dynamic light scattering (1)
- E. coli (1)
- E. schliebenii (1)
- EIS (1)
- ERF (1)
- ESI (1)
- ESI-MS (1)
- ESR spectroscopy (1)
- Ecological risk assessment (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- Eisenoxidnanopartikel (1)
- Electro-synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer (1)
- Electroactive Conjugated Polymer (1)
- Electrochemical impedance (1)
- Electrochemical sensor (1)
- Electrodeposition (1)
- Electron dynamics (1)
- Electrosensing (1)
- Electrospray Ionization (1)
- Electrostatic effects (1)
- Elektrolumineszenz (1)
- Ellipsometry (1)
- Emulsification (1)
- Emulsion destabilization (1)
- Emulsions (1)
- Enantioselectivity (1)
- Energy transfer (1)
- Energy-transfer probe (1)
- Enzymatic degradation (1)
- Enzymatic milk coagulation (1)
- Enzymatic polymer degradation (1)
- Enzyme catalysis (1)
- Enzymes (1)
- Equilibrium (1)
- Equilibrium constants (1)
- European pear (1)
- Eutectic mixture (1)
- Excimer (1)
- Exciplex (1)
- Excited state proton transfer (1)
- Excited-state calculations; (1)
- Experiment (1)
- External mass transfer (1)
- Extracellular Matrix (1)
- Extraction system development (1)
- Extrazelluläre Matrix (1)
- F-19 (1)
- F-C coupling constants (1)
- F12 methods (1)
- FAPbBr(3) (1)
- FLIM (1)
- FLNS (1)
- FSH (1)
- FTO-Glas (1)
- Fabry-Perot etalon (1)
- Fastener (1)
- Fatty acids (1)
- Fiber-optical spectroscopy (1)
- Field flow fractionation (1)
- Filtration (1)
- First-Year Undergraduate/General (1)
- Fixed bed (1)
- Flavanone (1)
- Flexible linker (1)
- Fluorescence anisotropy (1)
- Fluorescence correlation (1)
- Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescence imaging (1)
- Fluorescence life time (1)
- Fluorescence lifetime (1)
- Fluorescence lifetime probes (1)
- Fluorescent dyes (1)
- Fluorescent nanoconjugate (1)
- Fluorescent probes (1)
- Fluoroassay (1)
- Fokker-Planck equations (1)
- Formation constant (1)
- Formgedächtnispolymer (1)
- Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) (1)
- Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system (1)
- Forster resonance energy transfer(FRET) (1)
- Fourier-transform infrared (1)
- Fruit quality (1)
- Function by design (1)
- Functional groups (1)
- Functional organic materials (1)
- Functionalization (1)
- Funktionalisierung (1)
- Furans (1)
- Fusarium proliferatum (1)
- Fusicoccane diterpenes (1)
- G quadruplexes (1)
- G-quadruplexes (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GIAO calculations (1)
- GOIP (1)
- GP2 isoform alpha (1)
- Games; (1)
- Gas chromatography (1)
- Gas phase (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gas-phase electron diffraction (1)
- Gas-sorption (1)
- Gaseous Ions (1)
- Gate-effects (1)
- Gel polymer (1)
- Gelatin (1)
- Gelatin-chitosan composites (1)
- Gelatin-chitosan scaffolds (1)
- Generalized Langevin oscillator model (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Gestational diabetes (1)
- Glycol podands (1)
- Glycoproteins (1)
- Glycosidation (1)
- Glycosides (1)
- Glykoproteine (1)
- Gold cluster (1)
- Gold nanostructure (1)
- Gold nanotriangles (1)
- Gold surface (1)
- Gold surfaces (1)
- Gold triangles (1)
- Grafting-from polymerization (1)
- Graphene derivates (1)
- Graphene oxide (1)
- Graphitic carbon nitride (1)
- Green rust (1)
- Green synthesis (1)
- Gripper (1)
- Grotthuss mechanism (1)
- Guatemala (1)
- H-1 (1)
- H-1 NMR spectroscopy (1)
- H. pubescens (1)
- H2O2 (1)
- HAART (1)
- HALS (1)
- HDAC1 (1)
- HIV (1)
- HMF oxidation (1)
- Halbleiter (1)
- Halogenation (1)
- Hammett-Brown plots (1)
- Hapten (1)
- Hard carbons (1)
- Hard sphere model in the Percus-Yevick Approximation (1)
- Health (1)
- Heavy metal ions (1)
- Heck coupling (1)
- Heck reactions (1)
- Hemiporphyrazines (1)
- Heparin (1)
- Hepatic clearance (1)
- Herbicide (1)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (1)
- Hexagons and nanorods (1)
- High School/Introductory Chemistry (1)
- High-cell-density culture (1)
- High-harmonic generation (1)
- High-power lasers (1)
- High-resolution spectrometer (1)
- High-throughput (1)
- Highly functionalized dimeric triglycerides (1)
- Histone deacetylases (1)
- Human donor blood (1)
- Human sulfite oxidase (1)
- Humic acid (1)
- Humic substances (1)
- Humor (1)
- Humor/Puzzles/Games (1)
- Hybrid clay (1)
- Hybrid materials synthesis (1)
- Hydrogel disks (1)
- Hydrogel microparticles (1)
- Hydrogel microspheres (1)
- Hydrogen Bonds (1)
- Hydrogen Production (1)
- Hydrogen activation (1)
- Hydrogen bonds (1)
- Hydrogen peroxide (1)
- Hydrogen sulfide (1)
- Hydrogen-bonding (1)
- Hydrolytic degradation (1)
- Hydrolytic stability (1)
- Hydrophobic (1)
- Hydrophobin (1)
- Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (1)
- Hypertension (1)
- Hyphenated techniques (1)
- Hypoestes verticillaris (1)
- Hypoosmotic stress (1)
- IFT (1)
- IMS (1)
- IR and Raman spectra (1)
- ITC (1)
- Ibuprofen (1)
- Imidazolate Frameworks Potsdam (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Immersion (1)
- Immobilization (1)
- Immunoactive properties (1)
- In situ (1)
- In situ coating (1)
- In vivo imaging system (IVIS) (1)
- In vivo-in vitro correlation (1)
- In-line monitoring (1)
- In-situ neutron reflectivity (1)
- InP (1)
- InP nanowires (1)
- InPZnS (1)
- Indikator (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Ink (1)
- Insulating films (1)
- Interchain interactions (1)
- Interfacial capacitance (1)
- Interfacial equilibrium (1)
- Internet (1)
- Interphase behavior (1)
- Intracellular bacteria (1)
- Ion exchange (1)
- Ionic conductivity (1)
- Ionic monomers (1)
- Ionic selectivity (1)
- Ionic strength (1)
- Ionogel (1)
- Iron (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Iron/silver microflowers (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Iso-chemical shielding surfaces (ICSS) (1)
- Isocyanates (1)
- Isoflavanones (1)
- Isolations (1)
- Isothiocyanic acid (1)
- Isotope detection (1)
- Isotope effect (1)
- Isotope exchange (1)
- Isotope ratios (1)
- Jahn-Teller distortion (1)
- Janus droplets (1)
- Janus drops (1)
- Janus emulsion (1)
- Journals (1)
- Kenusanone F 7-methyl ether (1)
- Kernspin-Statistiken (1)
- Ki67 (1)
- Kinetic analysis (1)
- Kinetic model (1)
- Kniphofia foliosa (1)
- Knipholone cyclooxanthrone (1)
- Konischen Durchschneidungen (1)
- L-929 fibroblasts (1)
- L-Cysteine (1)
- L-selectin (1)
- LC composites (1)
- LC polymer (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LC−MS/MS (1)
- LED (1)
- LH (1)
- LSPR (1)
- Lactose (1)
- Lake Peten-Itza (1)
- Langmuir layers (1)
- Langmuir monolayer degradation technique (1)
- Langmuir technique (1)
- Langmuir thin-films (1)
- Langmuir-Schaefer method (1)
- Langmuir-Schafer films (1)
- Langmuir-Schäfer-Methode (1)
- Lannea rivae (1)
- Lannea schweinfurthii (1)
- Lanthanide (1)
- Lanthanide ions (1)
- Lanthanides (1)
- Laponite (1)
- Large Stokes shifts (1)
- Large Stokes-shifts (1)
- Large-size (1)
- Laser ablation (1)
- Laser induced desorption (1)
- Laser ionization (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- Lasers (1)
- Lattice Boltzmann methods (1)
- Layer-by-layer (1)
- Learning/Chemistry Education Research (1)
- Lectin (1)
- Leishmania (1)
- Leitendes Polymer (1)
- Lernumgebung (1)
- Levy flights (1)
- Li-S (1)
- Light-harvesting complex II (1)
- Lignans (1)
- Limonoid (1)
- Lipid domain (1)
- Liquid chromatography (1)
- Liquids (1)
- Lithium ion battery (1)
- Lobelia tupa (1)
- Local density friction approximation (1)
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Low field MRI (1)
- Low temperature NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Low-temperature C-13 and Si-29 NMR (1)
- Low-temperature NMR (1)
- Low-temperature d-NMR (1)
- Lucigenin (1)
- Luminescence (1)
- Luminescence spectroscopy (1)
- Lysophosphatidylcholine (1)
- Lysotrackers (1)
- Lysozyme (1)
- M062X/6-311G** calculations (1)
- MACE (1)
- MALDI-ToF MS (1)
- MAPbX3 (1)
- MD simulations (1)
- MOF-derived catalysts (1)
- MP2 (1)
- MP2 and CCSD(T) calculations (1)
- MP2 calculations (1)
- MQAE (1)
- MS (1)
- MSDA (1)
- Macrocyclic li-gands (1)
- Macromolecular architecture (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Magnetic Particle Imaging (1)
- Magnetic composites (1)
- Magnetic-responsive (1)
- Magnetite (1)
- Magnetite and gold nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetite nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetite-gold nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetization measurements (1)
- Magnetotactic bacteria (1)
- Magnetresonanztomograpgie (1)
- Main text (1)
- Malaria (1)
- Male (1)
- Mammea usambarensis (1)
- Mammea-type coumarins (1)
- Manganese (1)
- Manipulation of Emulsion Stability (1)
- Markov processes (1)
- Mass transfer (1)
- Mass transfer zone (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Matrix IR spectrum (1)
- Matrix metalloproteinase (1)
- Matsuda-Heck reaction (1)
- Maytenus boaria (1)
- Maytenus disticha (1)
- Maytenus spp. (1)
- Melt crystallization (1)
- Mesh size (1)
- Mesh ultra-thin layer (1)
- Mesomeric equilibrium of carbene/zwitterion (1)
- Mesomerism (1)
- Mesopores (1)
- Mesoporous materials (1)
- Metal complexation (1)
- Metal-free polymerization (1)
- Metal-proton exchange reaction (1)
- Metalation (1)
- Methacrylate (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methanogens (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Microindentation (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Microparticles Reagentless assay (1)
- Microperoxidase (1)
- Micropolarity (1)
- Micropollutants (1)
- Micropores (1)
- Microporosity (1)
- Microstructure (1)
- Microviscosity (1)
- Mikrofluidik (1)
- Mikrokapseln (1)
- Millettia dura (1)
- Millettia dura; (1)
- Millettia lasiantha (1)
- Millettia leucantha (1)
- Millettia micans (1)
- Millettia oblata ssp teitensis (1)
- Miniaturized cultivations (1)
- Mitochondrial ROS (1)
- Mixed-valent compounds (1)
- Mixtures (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modified Mannich reaction (1)
- Modified polymer resin (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Molecular Collisions (1)
- Molecular Probe (1)
- Molecular biophysics (1)
- Molecular diversity (1)
- Molecular dynamics simulation (1)
- Molecular dynamics with friction (1)
- Molecular interaction design (1)
- Molecular rod (1)
- Molecular rods (1)
- Molecular structure (1)
- Molecular weight (1)
- Molecules (1)
- Molekulare Kollisionen (1)
- Molybdoenzymes (1)
- Monolayer (1)
- Monomers (1)
- Monte Carlo (1)
- Monte-Carlo (1)
- Morpholindione (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Multi-drug resistance (1)
- Multiblock copolymer (1)
- Multiblock copolymers (1)
- Multicompartment micelles (1)
- Multifunctional polyester networks (1)
- Multifunctionality (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Mundulea sericea (1)
- Muonic molecules (1)
- N (1)
- N-2 fixation (1)
- N-acetyl cysteine (1)
- N-acetyl glucosamine derivatives (1)
- N-azobenzylchitosan (1)
- N-butylpyridinium bromide (1)
- N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) (1)
- N-methylnicotinamide (1)
- N-triflyl guanidines (1)
- N-unsubstituted (primary)S-thiocarbamates (1)
- N-unsubstituted(primary)O-thiocarbamates (1)
- NBO and STERIC analyses (1)
- NBO/NCS analysis (1)
- NHCs (1)
- NICE-2014 (1)
- NIPAAm (1)
- NMR structure (1)
- NTF (1)
- Na+ homeostasis (1)
- Na+-K+-2Cl(-) cotransporter (1)
- Nano-bioextractant (1)
- Nanocrystal growth (1)
- Nanofiber (1)
- Nanofibers (1)
- Nanohybrid (1)
- Nanokomposite (1)
- Nanoparticle (1)
- Nanoparticles, Adhesion, Interfaces, Bubble, Imaging (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Nanosensor (1)
- Nanostructured (1)
- Nanotoxicity (1)
- Nanotriangle stacking and welding (1)
- Naphthoquinone (1)
- Naphthoxazinoquinazolines (1)
- Naphthoxazinoquinazolinones (1)
- Naphthyridine receptor (1)
- Naphthyridines (1)
- Nauclea diderrichii (1)
- Navicula perminuta (1)
- Near infra-red (1)
- Near infrared (1)
- Near infrared light triggered shape-recovery (1)
- Negative control (1)
- Neuroleptics (1)
- Neutron spin echo (1)
- Neutron spin-echo spectroscopy (1)
- Neutron tomography (1)
- Ni nanodots (1)
- Ni2F5 (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Nickel oxide (1)
- Nitroxides (1)
- Non-CYP enzymes (1)
- Non-adiabatic transitions (1)
- Non-destructive (1)
- Nonadiabatic effects (1)
- Nonenzymatic (1)
- Nontarget terrestrial plants (1)
- Novozym 435 (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear-Spin-Statistics (1)
- Nucleophilic addition (1)
- Nucleotide nanosensor (1)
- Numerical propagation (1)
- OH suppression (1)
- ORMOCER (R) (1)
- OTDR (1)
- Oberflächenmodifikation (1)
- Occupation quotient pi*/pi (1)
- Olefin isomerization (1)
- Olefin self- and cross-metathesis (1)
- Oligo(ethylene glycol) (1)
- Oligo(omega-pentadecalactone) (1)
- Oligodepsipeptide (1)
- Oligoglycerols (1)
- Oligomers (1)
- Oligosaccharides (1)
- On-demand release (1)
- One-cycle laser pulses (1)
- Open quantum systems (1)
- Optical fiber (1)
- Optical oxygen sensor (1)
- Optical parameter set (1)
- Optical sensor (1)
- Ordering transitions (1)
- Organic electrode (1)
- Organic structure (1)
- Organocatalytic polymerization (1)
- Ormocarpum kirkii (1)
- Oxygen sensing (1)
- PCM (1)
- PDA (1)
- PDLLGA (1)
- PDMS surface grafting (1)
- PEG6000 (1)
- PEI coating (1)
- PHA-depolymerases (1)
- PHEMA (1)
- PISA (1)
- PLA (1)
- PLS regression (1)
- PLSR (1)
- PMS activation (1)
- PQQ-GDH (1)
- PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (1)
- Packaging (1)
- Palladium ion (1)
- Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of arenediazonium salts with organoindium or organobismuth reagents (1)
- Paratope (1)
- Partial least squares regression (PLSR) (1)
- Particle shape (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Pastillation (1)
- Pd catalysis (1)
- Pear (1)
- Pendant drop tensiometry (1)
- Penicillium digitatum (1)
- Pentylsedinine (1)
- Peptide coating (1)
- Percolation (1)
- Peripheral ring current (1)
- Perovskites (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Phagocytosis (1)
- Phantoms (1)
- Phasenmodulationsspektroskopie (1)
- Phenols (1)
- Phenylacetylide (1)
- Phenylanthraquinone (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Phosphate recovery (1)
- Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C 32:1 (1)
- Phospholipid (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphorescence lifetime (1)
- Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (1)
- Photodynamics (1)
- Photoinduced optical anisotropy (1)
- Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy (1)
- Photopolymerization (1)
- Photoresponsive polymers (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Physical Network (1)
- Physical chemistry (1)
- Pi interactions (1)
- Pickering interfacial catalysis (1)
- Piperidine alkaloid (1)
- Plant Material (1)
- Plant community model (1)
- Plant reproduction (1)
- Plasmid DNA production (1)
- Platelet (1)
- Platycelphium voense (1)
- Platyisoflavanone (1)
- Pleistocene (1)
- Pleurotus ostreatus (1)
- Plume (1)
- Pluronics (1)
- Podanthus mitiqui (1)
- Polar effect (1)
- Polar substituent constant (1)
- Polarization elements (1)
- Poly vinyl alcohol (1)
- Poly(allyl alcohol)s (1)
- Poly(carbonate-urea-urethane)s (1)
- Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) networks (1)
- Poly(ether imide) (1)
- Poly(ionic liquid) (1)
- Poly(n-butyl acrylate) (1)
- Poly(trimethylsilylpropyne) matrix (1)
- Poly-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes (1)
- Poly-epsilon-caprolactone (1)
- PolyNIPAM (1)
- Polyampholytes (1)
- Polyaromatic fragments (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polydisulfide (1)
- Polyesterurethane (1)
- Polyether (1)
- Polyether ether ketone (1)
- Polyethylene imine (1)
- Polyimides (1)
- Polylactide stereocomplex (1)
- Polymer architecture (1)
- Polymer capped gold nanoparticles (1)
- Polymer dispersions (1)
- Polymer functionalization (1)
- Polymer micronetwork colloids (1)
- Polymer network properties (1)
- Polymer networks (1)
- Polymer-clay composite (1)
- Polymer-coating (1)
- Polymer-modified surfaces (1)
- Polymeric substrate (1)
- Polymerization (1)
- Polymerized ionic liquids (1)
- Polymernetzwerk (1)
- Polymers on surfaces (1)
- Polypeptide (1)
- Polypeptoid (1)
- Polypeptoids (1)
- Polyplexes (1)
- Polystyrene-divinylbenzene (1)
- Porosimetry (1)
- Porous (1)
- Porous poly(ether imide) microparticulate absorbers (1)
- Porous scaffold (1)
- Post-polymerization modification (1)
- Potato (1)
- Potentiostat (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Process (1)
- Proline (1)
- Protein delivery (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Protein voltammetry (1)
- Protein-polymer conjugate (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Protic 2-hydroxyethylammonium ionic liquids (1)
- Proton transfer reaction (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pterocarpan (1)
- Pulse duration (1)
- Pulsed interleaved excitation (1)
- Push-pull alkynes (1)
- Push-pull allenes (1)
- Puzzles (1)
- Pyrene (1)
- Pyrimidines (1)
- QDs (1)
- QR-Code (1)
- QuEChERS (1)
- Quality (1)
- Quantification of contrast agent (1)
- Quantum Chemical Calculations (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quantum mechanics (1)
- Quasi-aromaticity (1)
- Quinonoid structure (1)
- Quotient method (1)
- RA-intramolecular hydrogen bond (1)
- RAFT dispersion polymerization (1)
- RAFT-Polymerisation (1)
- RGD peptides (1)
- RGD-peptide (1)
- ROMP (1)
- RP-HPLC (1)
- RUNX2 (1)
- Radiative transport (1)
- Radical polymerization (1)
- Radicals (1)
- Random copolymer (1)
- Rapeseed cake (1)
- Rapeseed oil (1)
- Rare-earth elements (1)
- Reaction mechanisms (1)
- Reaction monitoring (1)
- Reaction products (1)
- Reactive adsorption (1)
- Reactive foaming (1)
- Reagents (1)
- Rearrangement to trithiaazapentalene (1)
- Redox chemistry (1)
- Redox polymer (1)
- Redoxreaktionen (1)
- Reduced scattering coefficient (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Regioselectivity (1)
- Release (1)
- Release studies (1)
- Reproductive toxicity (1)
- Residual dipolar couplings (1)
- Respiration (1)
- Responsive polymers (1)
- Responsivity (1)
- Reverse microemulsions (1)
- Reversibility (1)
- Rhenium (1)
- Rhodamine 6G (1)
- Rhodium (1)
- Ring method (1)
- Ring tensiometry (1)
- Ring-current effect (1)
- Robotic synthesis (1)
- Robotics (1)
- Root zone processes (1)
- Rotational barriers (1)
- RuBisCO (1)
- Ruthenium complexes (1)
- S li-gands (1)
- S ligands (1)
- SAM (1)
- SAW impedance sensor (1)
- SBFI (1)
- SDS (1)
- SDS inverse micelle (1)
- SEM (1)
- SERS enhancement factor (1)
- SOD (1)
- SQM FF (1)
- SQM-FF (1)
- SRG formation in polymer brushes (1)
- STM-induced reactions (1)
- Salicylic acid (1)
- Satellite hybrid (1)
- Sauerstofflöschung (1)
- Sauerstoffsensorik (1)
- Scaffold contraction (1)
- Scaffold degradation (1)
- Scaffold stiffness (1)
- Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) (1)
- Schizozygane indoline alkaloid (1)
- Schizozygia coffaeoides (1)
- Schrodinger equation (1)
- Schulversuch (1)
- Science and Mathematics (1)
- Second-Year undergraduate (1)
- Self Instruction (1)
- Semen parameters (1)
- Senecio roseiflorus (1)
- Sensorik (1)
- Sequence analysis (1)
- Sequence structure (1)
- Sex (1)
- Shadowgraphy (1)
- Shape memory (1)
- Shape-memory (1)
- Si(111)-7x7 (1)
- Silacyclohexanes (1)
- Silaheterocyclohexanes (1)
- Silanes (1)
- Silica Determination (1)
- Silica sulfuric acid (1)
- Silicon Content (1)
- Silver (1)
- Silver nanoparticles (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Simulation of H-1 NMR spectra (1)
- Simulation of polymer XPS (1)
- Single molecule fluorescence (1)
- Single-molecule FRET (1)
- Small angle neutron scattering (1)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (1)
- Small-angle neutron scattering (1)
- Sn(IV) alkoxide (1)
- SnAr reaction (1)
- Sodium transport (1)
- Sodium-ion batteries (1)
- Soil (1)
- Solanum tuberosum (1)
- Solar cells (1)
- Solid acid (1)
- Solid phase (1)
- Solid polymer electrolyte (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Solute transport (1)
- Solvent extraction (1)
- Solvent-free (1)
- Sophoronol-7-methyl ether (1)
- Spatial NICS (1)
- Spatially resolved spectroscopy (1)
- Sphaeranthus bullatus (1)
- Spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (1)
- Spinning drop (1)
- Spiro compound (1)
- Spiro compounds (1)
- Spiropyrane (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Stem (1)
- Stem bark (1)
- Steric effects (1)
- Steric hindrance (1)
- Steric substituent constant (1)
- Stimuli-Sensitivität (1)
- Stimuli-responsive polymers (1)
- Stripping (1)
- Strontium (1)
- Structural investigations (1)
- Structure (1)
- Structure Determination (1)
- Structure revision (1)
- Students (1)
- Styrene (1)
- Sub-zero temperature (Celsius) (1)
- Subambient pressure (1)
- Submicron particles (1)
- Substituent chemical shifts (1)
- Substituent effects (1)
- Substrate effect (1)
- Sulfation (1)
- Sulfonated polyaniline (1)
- Sulfoxide (1)
- Supercapacitor (1)
- Superoxide (1)
- Superparamagnetic (1)
- Superparamagnetic magnetite (1)
- Supramolecular ball structure (1)
- Supramolecular compounds (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Surface complexes (1)
- Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface reaction (1)
- Surface relief grating (1)
- Surface removal (1)
- Surface science (1)
- Surface-initiated atom-transfer radical (1)
- Surfactant (1)
- Surfactants (1)
- Sustainable (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Swelling behavior (1)
- Switchable Surfactants (1)
- Switchable wettability (1)
- Synchrotron radiation XPS (1)
- Synthese (1)
- Synthesis and processing (1)
- T1 mapping (1)
- TBTU (1)
- TCP (1)
- TG/DTA (1)
- THP-1 cells (1)
- TOF-SIMS (1)
- Tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- Tautomerism (1)
- Telechel (1)
- Temperaturänderungen (1)
- Template phase (1)
- Template reaction (1)
- Templated self-assembly (1)
- Tephrosia aequilata (1)
- Tephrosia subtriflora (1)
- Tephrosia villosa (1)
- Terbium (1)
- Terpurinflavone (1)
- Testosterone (1)
- Tetraoxo[8]circulenes (1)
- Tetraphenylethene Bioassay Fluorescent dye (1)
- Tetrapyrroles (1)
- Theoretical chemistry (1)
- Thermal behavior (1)
- Thermal broadening effects (1)
- Thermo-responsive (1)
- Thermo-responsive polymer (1)
- Thermochemical properties (1)
- Thermomechanical history (1)
- Thermosensitivity (1)
- Thienopyridine (1)
- Thioether ligands (1)
- Thiol-X (1)
- Thiol-ene (1)
- Thiol-ene addition (1)
- Thiol-ene click chemistry (1)
- Thioredoxin (1)
- Thiouracil (1)
- Threshold (1)
- Through-space NMR (1)
- Through-space NMR shielding (TSNMRS) (1)
- Thymolblau (1)
- Ti4O7 (1)
- TiO2 (1)
- TiO2 nanoparticles (1)
- TiO2 nanotubes (1)
- Time-resolved crystallography (1)
- Time-resolved spectroscopy (1)
- Tin octanoate (1)
- Toonacilin (1)
- Toonapubesins F (1)
- Torque (1)
- Total synthesis (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Trace elements (1)
- Transient absorption (1)
- Transition metals (1)
- Transmembrane protein (1)
- Triiodide "network" (1)
- Triphilic block copolymers (1)
- Trithiapentalene (1)
- Trough-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS) (1)
- Tube-like template phase (1)
- Tuber (1)
- Tubular network structure (1)
- Turbid media (1)
- Turraea nilotica (1)
- Turraea robusta (1)
- Twisted double bonds (1)
- Two-dimensional separations (1)
- Type 2 Diabetes (1)
- UV-VIS Spectroscopy (1)
- UV-Vis-NIR (1)
- UVB reduction (1)
- UVR (1)
- Ugi reaction (1)
- Ultra-low (1)
- Ulva linza (1)
- Untreated agricultural wastes (1)
- Upconversion luminescence (1)
- Uracil (1)
- Uremic toxins (1)
- VEGF (1)
- Vacuum drying (1)
- Vanadium pentoxide (1)
- Vesicle (1)
- Vesicles (1)
- Vesikel (1)
- Vibrational states (1)
- Vibrio cholerae (1)
- Vibronic spectrum (1)
- Vinylogous N-acyliminium ion (1)
- Violaxanthin (1)
- Vis spectroscopy (1)
- WAXS (1)
- Wacker reaction (1)
- Water splitting (1)
- Water vapor (1)
- Wavelength modulation gas spectroscopy (1)
- Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (laser spectroscopy) (1)
- Web-Based Learning (1)
- Winsor phases (1)
- X-ray absorption (1)
- X-ray analysis (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- Xanthone (1)
- Xenobiotics (1)
- Y-aromaticity (1)
- Ylide (1)
- Yukawa model in the Mean Spherical Approximation (1)
- Zanthoxylum holstzianum (1)
- Zanthoxylum leprieurii (1)
- Zell-Umwelt-Interaktionen (1)
- Zweikernkomplexe (1)
- Zwitterionic surfactant (1)
- a (1)
- absolute-configuration (1)
- absorbtion fine-structure (1)
- absorption (1)
- acetanilides (1)
- acidic ionic liquids (1)
- acidity constants (1)
- acids (1)
- acinar-cells (1)
- actin cytoskeleton (1)
- actinide (1)
- activated carbon (1)
- activated urethane derivatives (1)
- active polymer (1)
- active scaffold (1)
- activity (1)
- actuator (1)
- acute pancreatitis (1)
- addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (1)
- adduct formation (1)
- adhesives (1)
- adsorption kinetics (1)
- aequichalcone A (1)
- aequichalcone B (1)
- aequichalcone C (1)
- aerogel (1)
- air - water interface (1)
- alcohols (1)
- aldol reaction (1)
- algae cultivation (1)
- alignments (1)
- alkaloid (1)
- alkyl nitrates (1)
- alkynes (1)
- allyl alcohols (1)
- alpha,omega-Dienes (1)
- amide ligand (1)
- amides (1)
- amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) (1)
- aminolysis (1)
- amorphous carbon (1)
- amorphous polymers (1)
- amphiphilic particles (1)
- amphiphilic polymer assembly (1)
- amphiphilic surface (1)
- analytical methods (1)
- analytical technology (1)
- anchor peptides (1)
- anion substitution (1)
- anionic polymerization (1)
- anisotropic structures (1)
- anodes (1)
- anti-HIV (1)
- anti-fouling materials (1)
- anti-inflammatory therapy (1)
- anti-polyelectrolyte effect (1)
- antifouling coatings (1)
- antileishmanial (1)
- antimicrobial (1)
- antimicrobial peptide (1)
- antimycobacterial activity (1)
- aptamers (1)
- aqueous dispersion (1)
- aridity (1)
- arsenious acid (1)
- articulated rods (1)
- assemblies (1)
- assembly capabilities (1)
- astrophotonics (1)
- asymmetric catalysis (1)
- atmospheric effects (1)
- atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) (1)
- atomic force microscopy (AFM) (1)
- atropisomerism (1)
- attachment (1)
- augmented-wave method (1)
- azides (1)
- azobenzene containing surfactants (1)
- azobenzene trimethylammonium bromide (1)
- bandgap (1)
- barrier to ring inversion (1)
- basement membrane (1)
- basis sets (1)
- bending stiffness (1)
- benzenoid structures (1)
- benzofurans (1)
- benzophenanthridine alkaloid (1)
- beta-(acyloxy)alkylrear (1)
- beta-dihydroagarofuran-type sesquiterpene (1)
- beta-galactosidase (1)
- betaine (1)
- bicontinuous phase (1)
- bilayer (1)
- bio-based (1)
- bio-inspired (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- bioelectrochemistry (1)
- biofunctionalization (1)
- bioinspired materials (1)
- bioinstructive implants (1)
- biological applications of polymers (1)
- biological membrane (1)
- biomass (1)
- biomaterial-tissue interface (1)
- biomedical (1)
- biomimetic (chemical reaction) (1)
- biopolymer (1)
- bioprinting (1)
- biorecognition reactions (1)
- biorefineries (1)
- biosensor (1)
- biosensors (1)
- biphasic catalysis (1)
- bismuth (1)
- bladder-cancer (1)
- blend (1)
- block copolymer (1)
- blood tests (1)
- body temperature (1)
- bone tissue engineering (1)
- borates (1)
- bound phenolic compounds (1)
- brewster angle microscopy (1)
- broad melting temperature range (1)
- brominated (1)
- brownian-motion (1)
- brushes (1)
- cGMP (1)
- cadmium (1)
- cadmium-free (1)
- calcium carbonate (1)
- calcium carbonate biomineralization (1)
- calcium influx (1)
- calcium phosphate hybrid material (1)
- cancer radiation therapy (1)
- capillary-active substrates (1)
- carbene electron deficiency (1)
- carbene ligands (1)
- carbenes (1)
- carbohydrate derivatives (1)
- carbohydrate derivatives (1)
- carbohydrate recognition (1)
- carbohydrate-protein interactions (1)
- carbohydrate‐ based (1)
- carbon (1)
- carbon dots (1)
- carbon fibers (1)
- carbon nitrides (1)
- carboxyanhydrides (1)
- carcinogen exposure (1)
- cardiovascular disease (1)
- cardiovascular implant (1)
- carotenoid (1)
- cascade reactions (1)
- catalyst (1)
- catanionic surfactant bilayer (1)
- catanionic surfactants (1)
- catechol (1)
- cathode (1)
- cation miscibility (1)
- cationic ring-opening polymerization (1)
- cations (1)
- cavitation-based mechanical force (1)
- cell agglutination (1)
- cell culture device (1)
- cell cycle inhibitors (1)
- cell-death (1)
- cell-environment interactions (1)
- cell-material interaction (1)
- cells (1)
- cellular uptake (1)
- cellulose (1)
- cement admixtures (1)
- cement hydration (1)
- cementitious material (1)
- cereals (1)
- ceria (1)
- cesium cation (1)
- chain mobility (1)
- chain-extended (1)
- chalcogens (1)
- chalcone (1)
- charge transport (1)
- chemical modification (1)
- chemical synthesis (1)
- chemical vapor deposition (1)
- chemistry (1)
- chemodosimeter (1)
- chemoradiation therapy (1)
- chiral carbon (1)
- chiral nanoparticles (1)
- chiral recognition (1)
- chiral sensing (1)
- chlorophyll (1)
- cholesteric phase (1)
- cholesteric scaffolds (1)
- chromanes (1)
- chromenes (1)
- chromoionophore (1)
- chromophores (1)
- chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1)
- chronic pancreatitis (1)
- ciprofloxacin (1)
- cis (1)
- cis,cis-Tricyclo[5.3.0.0(2,6)]dec-3-enes (1)
- citrate displacement (1)
- citric acid (1)
- classification (1)
- clay (1)
- click triazoles (1)
- cluster models (1)
- coating (1)
- coatings (1)
- cobalt nanoparticles (1)
- cobamides (1)
- cockroach salivary-glands (1)
- coexisting phases (1)
- coffee phenolic compounds (1)
- coffee processing (1)
- cold (1)
- collagen (1)
- collagen-IV (1)
- colloidal aggregation (1)
- colloidal chemistry (1)
- colloidal quantum dots (1)
- colloids (1)
- colorimetric detection (1)
- coloring agents (1)
- column operation mode (1)
- comb poly(beta-myrcene)-graft-poly(l-lactide) copolymers (1)
- common species (1)
- complexes (1)
- composite (1)
- composite electrodes (1)
- composite materials (1)
- composites (1)
- computational chemistry (1)
- computer-based (1)
- concrete (1)
- conductive polymer (1)
- configuration interaction (1)
- configuration interactions (1)
- confocal Raman microscopy (1)
- conformational equilibrium (1)
- conformational transitions (1)
- conjugated microporous polymers (1)
- cononsolvency (1)
- construction (1)
- control body weight (1)
- controlled release (1)
- convenient synthesis (1)
- coordination bonds (1)
- copolymer networks (1)
- copolymers (1)
- copper complex (1)
- copper minerals (1)
- copper-bearing minerals (1)
- copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (1)
- core excited states (1)
- core-shell (1)
- core-shell materials (1)
- core-shell nanoparticles (1)
- core-shell structures (1)
- coupled-cluster (1)
- covalent organic frameworks (1)
- critical micellation temperature (1)
- critical solution temperature (1)
- cross-linking (1)
- cryo-electron (1)
- cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- cryogel (1)
- crystal structure prediction (1)
- crystalline (1)
- crystallinity (1)
- crystallography (1)
- crystals (1)
- ct-DNA (1)
- curriculare Innovation (1)
- curriculum innovation (1)
- cyano anchor group (1)
- cyclic imines (1)
- cyclic olefin copolymer (1)
- cyclic thermomechanical testing (1)
- cyclization (1)
- cyclodextrin (1)
- cyclooligomers (1)
- cyclopropanation (1)
- cytidine (1)
- cytochrome P450 (1)
- cytosine methylation (1)
- cytosolic sodium (1)
- cytotoxic (1)
- damage (1)
- de novo synthesis (1)
- deacetylation (1)
- dedifferentiation (1)
- degradable (1)
- degradable polyester (1)
- degradable polymers (1)
- dendritic cells (1)
- density functional theory (1)
- density functional theory (DFT) (1)
- dependent scattering (1)
- derivatives (1)
- deuteration (1)
- di(ethylene glycol) methy ether methacrylate (1)
- diazonium salts (1)
- dibenzocyclooctane (1)
- dibenzoeilatin (1)
- dibenzylbutane (1)
- diblock copolymers (1)
- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- diffractive elements (1)
- digitalization (1)
- dihydro-beta-agarofuran (1)
- dihydromyricetin (1)
- dihydromyricetin-3-O-beta-glucoside (1)
- diimine-complexes (1)
- dimer (1)
- dimerization of 4-nitrothiophenol (1)
- dip-coating (1)
- dipole approximation (1)
- dipole-dipole interaction (1)
- direct bioelectrocatalysis (1)
- direct electron transfer (1)
- disinfection (1)
- dispersion (1)
- dissipative dynamics (1)
- distance learning/self instruction (1)
- disulfide (1)
- diversiform structures (1)
- dna coiling (1)
- docking (1)
- droplet-droplet interactions (1)
- drought (1)
- drought tolerance (1)
- drug carrier system (1)
- drug delivery system (1)
- drug imprinting (1)
- drug sensors (1)
- drugs (1)
- dual non-covalent interactions (1)
- dual thermoresponsive (1)
- dual-frequency phase-modulation (1)
- dye adsorption (1)
- dye mixture (1)
- dynamic HPLC (1)
- dynamic NMR spectroscopy (1)
- dynamics (1)
- echinoderm skeleton (1)
- ecosystem function (1)
- effect of alkyl side chains (1)
- elastomers (1)
- electric fields (1)
- electrical resistivity tomography (1)
- electrically switchable gratings. (1)
- electrochemical sensors (1)
- electrochromism (1)
- electrode materials (1)
- electrodes (1)
- electroluminescence (1)
- electrolytes (1)
- electromagnetic field enhancement (1)
- electron dynamics (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- electron-transfer (1)
- electronic wavepackets (1)
- electrospray ionization (1)
- electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and modeling (1)
- electrostatic assembly (1)
- electrostatics (1)
- elegans (1)
- elektrochemische Abscheidung (1)
- elektrochemische Zelle (1)
- elektrochrome Schicht (1)
- elemental composition (1)
- elimination (1)
- ellipsometric mapping (1)
- emulsion inversion (1)
- emulsion microscopy (1)
- enantiomers (1)
- endo-Mode cyclization (1)
- endogenous sensor proteins (1)
- endothelial basement membrane (1)
- energy materials (1)
- energy-transfer (1)
- engineering (1)
- enthalpy-entropy compensation (EEC) (1)
- environmental remediation (1)
- enzymatic sensors (1)
- enzymatic-degradation (1)
- enzymatically active membrane (1)
- enzyme immobilization (1)
- enzyme inhibitors (1)
- enzyme reactions (1)
- enzyme-polymer conjugates (1)
- enzyme/polymer conjugate (1)
- enzymology (1)
- ephedrine/pseudoephedrine (1)
- epithelial ion transport (1)
- epoxidation (1)
- equilibrium topology (1)
- esters (1)
- etanercept (1)
- ethanolamine phosphate (1)
- ethers (1)
- europium complex (1)
- evolution (1)
- excimer UV light (1)
- excision-repair (1)
- excitation (1)
- exciton (1)
- excluded volume (1)
- exo-methylene conformational effect at cyclohexane (1)
- expandierbar (1)
- expansion (1)
- experiment (1)
- explosives (1)
- exposure (1)
- extracellular matrix modifying enzymes (1)
- fatty acids (1)
- fermentation (1)
- ferrocene (1)
- ferroelectricity (1)
- ferromagnetic (1)
- fiber Bragg gratings (1)
- fiber actuators (1)
- fiber etching (1)
- fiber meshes (1)
- fiber optic sensors (1)
- fiber sensors (1)
- fiber spectroscopy (1)
- fiber-optical sensors (1)
- fiber-optical spectroscopy (1)
- fibre Bragg gratings (1)
- fibrinogen (1)
- fibroblast (1)
- field test (1)
- film tuning (1)
- first-year undergraduate/general (1)
- fish (1)
- flavanonol (1)
- flavonoid (1)
- flavonoids (1)
- flavonol (1)
- flight search patterns (1)
- flow photochemistry (1)
- fluctuation-dissipation theorem (1)
- fludarabine (1)
- fluorescence anisotropy (1)
- fluorescence enhancement (1)
- fluorescence label (1)
- fluorescence photobleaching recovery (1)
- fluorescence stimuli‐ responsivity (1)
- fluorescent dyemonomers (1)
- fluorinated olefins (1)
- fluoropolymers (1)
- foam (1)
- focal adhesion (1)
- folding kinetics (1)
- food contact material (1)
- form stability (1)
- formal synthesis (1)
- fouling release (1)
- fractal kinetics (1)
- fractional dynamics approach (1)
- frameworks (1)
- fronts (1)
- fumaronitrile (1)
- function (1)
- functional (1)
- functionalization of polymers (1)
- functionalizing proteins (1)
- fungus (1)
- g-quadruplex (1)
- galactose-decorated monomer (1)
- galactosylceramide (1)
- galectin (1)
- galectin-3 (1)
- gas (1)
- gas adsorption (1)
- gas permeation (1)
- gas supply conditions (1)
- gas-phase (1)
- gas-phase reactions (1)
- gaussian processes (1)
- gelatin-based hydrogels (1)
- gelatin/chitosan hydrogel scaffold (1)
- gemini surfactant (1)
- gene silencing (1)
- gene-expression (1)
- gene-regulation kinetics (1)
- generation of higher and lower harmonics (1)
- genomic dna methylation (1)
- geometry (1)
- germacrane sesquiterpene lactone (1)
- glass (1)
- glass transition (1)
- glass transition temperature (1)
- glucose homeostasis (1)
- glucose oxidation (1)
- glucosinolates (1)
- glycal (1)
- glycals (1)
- glyco-inside nano-assemblies (1)
- glycolipids (1)
- glycomaterials (1)
- glycosynthases (1)
- gold electrodes (1)
- gold nanoparticle assembly (1)
- gold surface (1)
- gold-polymer hybrid shell (1)
- graded learning aids (1)
- grafting-from (1)
- graphene (1)
- graphene oxide (1)
- graphite (1)
- grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (1)
- green polymers (1)
- groove binding (1)
- großflächige Liganden (1)
- habitat (1)
- halide (1)
- hazelnut cultivars (1)
- head-to-tail surfactant associates (1)
- heat measurement (1)
- hela-cells (1)
- helicenes (1)
- hemibond (1)
- hemodialysis (1)
- hepcidin-25 (1)
- heterocyclic ligand (1)
- heterodinuklear (1)
- heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- hexafluoropropene (1)
- hierarchical self-assembly (1)
- hierarchical structuring (1)
- hierarchically porous carbon (1)
- high concentrations (1)
- high harmonic generation (1)
- high pressure (1)
- high-throughput screening (1)
- hole array (1)
- hole scavengers (1)
- hollow microfibers (1)
- hollow nanospheres (1)
- hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (1)
- holography (1)
- holstzianoquinoline; (1)
- homework (1)
- homogeneous catalysis (1)
- hot electrons (1)
- hot-electrons (1)
- human induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- human keratinocytes (1)
- human monocytic (THP-1) cells (1)
- human-cells (1)
- humane Keratinozyten (1)
- humaninduzierte pluripotente Stammzellen (1)
- humic acid (1)
- hyaluronic acid (1)
- hybrid (1)
- hybrid nanomaterials (1)
- hybrid perovskite (1)
- hydrate formation (1)
- hydrate formation process (1)
- hydrogen bonding (1)
- hydrogen isotopes (1)
- hydrogen-2 (1)
- hydrogenation (1)
- hydrolases (1)
- hydrophilic polymers (1)
- hydrophilic-to-lipophilic balance (1)
- hydrophobic mismatch (1)
- hydrophobic uremic toxins (1)
- hydroxycinnamic acids (1)
- hydroxyl radical (1)
- hydroxyl-functional poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (1)
- hypothalamus (1)
- hysteresis (1)
- iPLS regression (1)
- identity hypothesis (1)
- imaging (1)
- imidazole (1)
- imidazolium (1)
- imines (1)
- immersion (1)
- immobilization (1)
- immunoassay (1)
- immunosensors (1)
- impedance spectroscopy (1)
- implants (1)
- in (1)
- in situ (1)
- in situ fluorescence microscopy (1)
- in vitro (1)
- in vitro thrombogenicity testing (1)
- in-vitro (1)
- inclusion complex (1)
- incomplete surface passivation (1)
- indicator (1)
- indicators (1)
- indium (1)
- indole alkaloids (1)
- induced malignant-transformation (1)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- infection pathway (1)
- infrared: general (1)
- inhibition AChE (1)
- initio molecular-dynamics (1)
- inorganic (1)
- inorganic chemistry (1)
- inorganic perovskites (1)
- instrumentation: miscellaneous (1)
- interaction potential (1)
- intercalations (1)
- interfacial recombination (1)
- intermediates (1)
- intermittent chaotic systems (1)
- intermolecular interactions (1)
- intracellular na+ (1)
- intracellular pH indicator (1)
- inverse (1)
- inverse opals (1)
- ion beam (1)
- ion optodes (1)
- ion transport (1)
- ionic conductivity (1)
- ionic strength (1)
- ionization (1)
- ionogel (1)
- ionogels (1)
- ionophore (1)
- iron nitride (1)
- isomer resolution (1)
- isomerisation (1)
- isomerism (1)
- isoprene (1)
- isotope ecology (1)
- isotope effect (1)
- isotope effects (1)
- isotope separation (1)
- janus emulsion (1)
- janus emulsions (1)
- keratin (1)
- kinetic models (1)
- kinetic of cis-trans isomerization (1)
- kinetic water transfer (1)
- kinetics (polym (1)
- kinetics (polym) (1)
- kinetics (polym.) (1)
- l-cysteine (1)
- labile peroxides (1)
- lactate (1)
- land use (1)
- langevin equation (1)
- langmuir monolayer (1)
- lanthanide ions (1)
- lanthanoid migration (1)
- laser chemistry (1)
- laser resonators (1)
- laser-enhanced nuclear fusion (1)
- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- lasso (1)
- layer-by-layer self-assembly (1)
- layer-by-layer stacking (1)
- leaf wax (1)
- learning (1)
- learning environment (1)
- leguminosae (1)
- levy flights (1)
- libraries (1)
- library (1)
- life cycle assessment (1)
- life sciences (1)
- lifetime microscopy (1)
- ligand exchange (1)
- light (1)
- light scattering (1)
- light-programmable viscosity (1)
- lignans (1)
- lignocellulosic biomass (1)
- linear assemblies (1)
- lipase release (1)
- lipases (1)
- lipid (1)
- lipid monolayer (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- liquid crystal (1)
- liquid crystal polymer (1)
- liquid crystalline polymer (1)
- liquid-crystalline polymers (1)
- liquid-phase catalysis (1)
- lithium sulfides (1)
- lithium-ion batteries (1)
- lithium-ion capacitors (1)
- lithium-sulfur batteries (1)
- living radical polymerization (LRP) (1)
- lone-pair-pi interactions (1)
- low temperature NMR spectroscopy (1)
- low-energy electron (1)
- low-temperature experiments (1)
- lower (1)
- lower critical solution temperature (1)
- lubricant (1)
- lupin (1)
- mAb (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macroITO (1)
- macrocyclic compounds (1)
- macrosurfactants (1)
- magnesium (1)
- magnetic (1)
- magnetic manipulation (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- magnetische Nanopartikel (1)
- magnetite nanoparticles (1)
- magnetosensitivity (1)
- maleonitrile (1)
- maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (1)
- maltosylated poly(ethyleneimine) (1)
- manganese monoxide (1)
- marine biofouling (1)
- marine oils (1)
- marker compound (1)
- mass (1)
- mass-spectrometry (1)
- material characterization (1)
- mechanical property (1)
- mechanical strength (1)
- mechanism (1)
- medicinal mushrooms (1)
- melt (1)
- melt-recrystallization (1)
- mercaptocarboxylic acids (1)
- meso-tetrakisphenylporphyrins (1)
- mesocrystal (1)
- mesogen mesophases (1)
- mesoporous carbon (1)
- mesoporous materials (1)
- metabolite markers (1)
- metabolites (1)
- metal (1)
- metal complex (1)
- metal ions (1)
- metal peptide (1)
- metal species (1)
- metal-containing ionic (1)
- metal-containing ionic liquids; (1)
- metal-free crosslinking (1)
- metal-organic mesocrystals (1)
- metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1)
- metallic nanolattices (1)
- metallo-supramolecular polymers (1)
- metallocarbohydrates (1)
- metallopeptide (1)
- metalloprotein (1)
- metalorganic frameworks (1)
- methacrylates (1)
- methane hydrate (1)
- method development (1)
- methyl cellulose (1)
- methyltransferases dnmt3a (1)
- miRNA inhibitors (1)
- miRNA seed region (1)
- miRNA-Argonaute 2 protein complex (1)
- micro/mesoporous (1)
- microRNA (1)
- microbial activity (1)
- microcapsules (1)
- microchip (1)
- microemulsions (1)
- microfluidic (1)
- microgel (1)
- microgel arrays (1)
- microgreen (1)
- microporous (1)
- microporous organic polymers (1)
- microscale (1)
- microscopy (1)
- microsensors (1)
- microwave (1)
- microwave chemistry (1)
- mild reaction conditions (1)
- mimics (1)
- miscibility (1)
- miscibility gap (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitsunobu (1)
- mixed gas hydrates (1)
- mixed quantum-classical methodology (1)
- mixtures (1)
- models (1)
- modified mycotoxins (1)
- mold (1)
- mold fungi (1)
- molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- molecular imprinted polymers (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular oxygen (1)
- molecular simulations (1)
- molecular structure (1)
- molecular thermometers (1)
- molecular weight (1)
- molecular-mechanisms (1)
- molecules (1)
- mu CT imaging (1)
- multi-mycotoxin analysis (1)
- multiblock copolymers (1)
- multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (1)
- multifunctional polymers (1)
- multilayer film (1)
- multiphoton processes (1)
- multiple emulsion preparation (1)
- multiple functions (1)
- multishell (1)
- multitrophic (1)
- multivalency (1)
- multivalent ions (1)
- mussel byssus (1)
- mutants (1)
- myrcen (1)
- n-alkanes (1)
- nAChR (1)
- nano clay (1)
- nanoarray (1)
- nanobioconjugate (1)
- nanoclusters (1)
- nanocomposite material (1)
- nanofillers (1)
- nanoflowers (1)
- nanohole arrays (1)
- nanoimprint (1)
- nanomedicine (1)
- nanoparticle characterization (1)
- nanoscale (1)
- nanosensors (1)
- nanosilver (1)
- nanostructure (1)
- nanostructure fabrication (1)
- nanovesicles (1)
- naphthalene (1)
- naphthalenophanes (1)
- naphthalimide (1)
- natural products (1)
- natural-products (1)
- near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- near-infrared absorption (1)
- negative ions (1)
- nematic phase (1)
- nerve agents (1)
- networks (1)
- neurodegenerative diseases (1)
- neuroleptics (1)
- neurons (1)
- neuropeptides (1)
- neurotoxicity (1)
- neutron (1)
- neutron powder diffraction (1)
- nickel (1)
- niobium (1)
- nitriles (1)
- nitrogen heterocycles (1)
- non-metal catalysis (1)
- non-noble metal catalysts (1)
- nonlinear optics (1)
- norcaesalpin D (1)
- norcobamide biosynthesis (1)
- nucleation polymerization (1)
- nucleus-independent chemical shift (1)
- nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) (1)
- numerical simulation (1)
- nutrient composition (1)
- nutrients (1)
- o-Phenylenediamine (1)
- oak tree (1)
- oil (1)
- olefin metathesis (1)
- olefination (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (1)
- oligomeric (1)
- oligosaccharides (1)
- oligospiroketals (1)
- on demand particle release (1)
- one-pot reaction (1)
- onformational analysis (1)
- ontogeny (1)
- open-circuit voltage (1)
- optical (1)
- optical imaging (1)
- optical sensing (1)
- optical sensor (1)
- optical sensors (1)
- optical spectra (1)
- optical-properties (1)
- optimal control theory (1)
- ordering process (1)
- organic chenlistry (1)
- organic compounds (1)
- organic dye pigments (1)
- organic ligand (1)
- organic light-emitting diodes (1)
- organic synthesis (1)
- organic-inorganic composite material (1)
- organic–inorganic hybrid (1)
- organocatalytic polymerization (1)
- organosilica (1)
- orientational memory (1)
- ortho-quinone methide (o-QMs) (1)
- osteogenic differentiation (1)
- oxaloacetic acid (1)
- oxygen plasma (1)
- oxygen sensor (1)
- p-Hydroxycinnamic acids (1)
- p16 (1)
- p21 (1)
- pH sensing (1)
- pH-Dependent Photoresponsivity (1)
- pH-sensitive liposome (1)
- palmitic acid (1)
- pancreatic neoplasms (1)
- paper (1)
- para-Nitro-pyridine N-oxides (1)
- particulate (1)
- patchy particles (1)
- pea (1)
- peptide biomarkers (1)
- peptide-templated materials (1)
- perfluorocarbon emulsion (1)
- periplaneta-americana (1)
- pesticides (1)
- phagocytosis (1)
- phase behavior (1)
- phase transfer (1)
- phase transitions (1)
- phenolic acid (1)
- phenolic compounds (1)
- phonons (1)
- phosgene-free synthesis (1)
- phosphate (1)
- phosphide (1)
- phospholipids (1)
- phosphorescence quenching (1)
- photo-crosslinked (1)
- photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (1)
- photo-iniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (1)
- photo-mediated polymerization (1)
- photobioreactor (1)
- photocatalysts (1)
- photocatalytic water splitting (1)
- photocharging (1)
- photocycloaddition (1)
- photodehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (1)
- photodynamic therapy (1)
- photoinduced radical polymerization (1)
- photoionization (1)
- photoisomerization (1)
- photolytic ablation (1)
- photon-counting statistics (1)
- photonic crystal (1)
- photonic wires (1)
- photooxidation (1)
- photopolymerization (1)
- photosensitive azobenzene containing surfactant (1)
- photosensitive polymer brushes (1)
- photothermal conversion (1)
- phototunable optical properties (1)
- photovoltaic materials (1)
- phytomedicine (1)
- pi interactions (1)
- pi-Electron delocalization (1)
- pi-Stacking (1)
- pi-pi stacking (1)
- pickering emulsion (1)
- plant science (1)
- plasmon spectroscopy (1)
- plasmon-driven catalysis (1)
- plasmonic (1)
- plasmonic nanohole arrays (1)
- plasmonic nanoparticles (1)
- platelet activation (1)
- platelet adhesion (1)
- platelet aging (1)
- platelet function (1)
- platelet rich plasma (1)
- platelet storage (1)
- platelet-rich plasma (1)
- platinum (1)
- polarizable drift gases (1)
- polarization diffraction grating (1)
- polarization gratings (1)
- poly(2-ethyl-2oxazoline) (1)
- poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (1)
- poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (1)
- poly(acrylamide) hydrogels (1)
- poly(dimethylsiloxane) (1)
- poly(disulfide)s (1)
- poly(e-caprolactone) (1)
- poly(epsilon-caprolactone) methacrylate (1)
- poly(ether imide) (1)
- poly(ether imide) microparticles (1)
- poly(ionic liquid) (1)
- poly(ionic liquid) nanoparticles (1)
- poly(ionic liquid)s (1)
- poly(n-butyl acrylate) (1)
- poly(styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine) (PS-P2VP) (1)
- poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (1)
- poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] (1)
- polyacrylamide (1)
- polyamides (1)
- polyamines (1)
- polyampholyte (1)
- polyampholytes (1)
- polybutadiene (1)
- polycaprolactone (1)
- polycycles (1)
- polydepsipeptide (1)
- polydimethylsiloxane (1)
- polydimethylsiloxane wrinkles (1)
- polydopamine (1)
- polyelectrolyte adsorption (1)
- polyelectrolyte brushes (1)
- polyelectrolyte inks (1)
- polyelectrolytes (1)
- polyesters (1)
- polyesterurethane (1)
- polyglycerol (1)
- polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) (1)
- polyimides (1)
- polylactide (1)
- polymer actuators (1)
- polymer amphiphile (1)
- polymer coating (1)
- polymer crystallization (1)
- polymer degradation (1)
- polymer fillers (1)
- polymer micelles (1)
- polymer modification (1)
- polymer network (1)
- polymer physics (1)
- polymer solutions (1)
- polymer surface (1)
- polymer-modification (1)
- polymer/LC composites (1)
- polymeric materials (1)
- polymeric sensors (1)
- polymersome spreading (1)
- polymyrcene (1)
- polypeptides (1)
- polypeptoid (1)
- polypeptoids (1)
- polypropylene (1)
- polysaccharides (1)
- polysiloxane (1)
- polysiloxanes (1)
- polystyrene (1)
- polystyrenes (1)
- polysulfabetaine (1)
- polysulfides (1)
- polysulfobetaine (1)
- polyvinyl acetate (1)
- poly‐ ε ‐ caprolactone (1)
- population doubling time (1)
- pore templating (1)
- porosity (1)
- porous carbon materials (1)
- porous materials (1)
- porous particles (1)
- porous structure (1)
- porphyrazine (1)
- porphyrinoids (1)
- porphyrins (1)
- post-laser-field electronic oscillations (1)
- post-polymerization modification (1)
- potato (Solanum tuberosum) (1)
- powder diffraction (1)
- precision agriculture (1)
- prediction models (1)
- prenylated flavanonol (1)
- printing (1)
- pristimerin (1)
- processing (1)
- programmable adhesion (1)
- propargyl (1)
- protecting groups (1)
- protein (1)
- protein Langmuir layers (1)
- protein analysis (1)
- protein binding (1)
- protein imprinting (1)
- protein modification (1)
- protein-protein interactions (1)
- proton conductivity (1)
- proton hopping (1)
- protonation (1)
- proximal soil sensing (1)
- pterocarpene (1)
- pulse laser initiated polymerization (1)
- pump-probe (1)
- purines (1)
- purity (1)
- pyrene excimer (1)
- pyrochlore (1)
- quantum chemistry (1)
- quantum control (1)
- quantum dynamics (1)
- quantum sieving (1)
- quartz crystal microbalance (1)
- quinoid structures (1)
- quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones (1)
- racemization (1)
- radical addition (1)
- radical addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (1)
- random-walks (1)
- rangement (1)
- rare earth elements (1)
- rare earths (1)
- rat (1)
- rate constants (1)
- ratiometric (1)
- ratiometric sensing (1)
- ratiometric sensors (1)
- reaction mechanism (1)
- reactive (1)
- reactive intermediates (1)
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) (1)
- reactivity (1)
- recognition (1)
- recombinant protein (1)
- redox chemistry (1)
- reduction (1)
- reference (1)
- reference material (1)
- reflection grating (1)
- reflectivity (1)
- relaxation NMR spectroscopy (1)
- reliability (1)
- renewable (1)
- renewable resource (1)
- renewable resources (1)
- reorientation (1)
- repair (1)
- reshaping abilities (1)
- resistive heating (1)
- resonance Raman (1)
- resonance energy-transfer (1)
- resonant formation (1)
- responsive (1)
- responsive materials (1)
- responsive polymers (1)
- responsive systems (1)
- responsivity (1)
- restricted N-S rotation (1)
- retro reactions (1)
- retrochalcone (1)
- reversibility (1)
- reversible (1)
- reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (1)
- reversible and irreversible structuring of polymer brushes (1)
- reversible bidirectional shape-memory polymer (1)
- reversible chain extension (1)
- reversible shape-memory actuator (1)
- reversible shape-memory effect (1)
- review (1)
- rheology (1)
- rhodium(I)– phosphine (1)
- rhodium-phosphine coordination bonds (1)
- ring closing metathesis (1)
- ring opening polymerization (1)
- ring-opening (1)
- root mean square roughness (1)
- rotational diffusion (1)
- rp-hplc (1)
- rubidium cation (1)
- rutaceae (1)
- sacrificial bonds (1)
- samples (1)
- sandwich complexes (1)
- sandwich microcontact printing (1)
- scale (1)
- scale-up (1)
- scanning tunneling microscopy (1)
- scatchard plot (1)
- scattering (1)
- school experiment (1)
- seco-Anthraquinone (1)
- sediment (1)
- selective drug release (1)
- selective light reflection (1)
- selective oxidations (1)
- selective syntheses (1)
- selectivity (1)
- self-assembled micelles (1)
- self-assembled monolayers (1)
- self-healing materials (1)
- self-organization (1)
- semi-IPN hydrogels (1)
- semi-crystalline (1)
- semiconductor (1)
- semiconductor lasers (1)
- semiempirical calculations (1)
- senescence-associated (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sensitizers (1)
- sensor (1)
- separation (1)
- sequence dependence (1)
- sequence structures (1)
- serine phosphate decarboxylase (1)
- sers (1)
- sesquiterpene (1)
- severe acute pancreatitis (1)
- shape analysis (1)
- shape change (1)
- shape shifting materials (1)
- shape-memory (1)
- shape-memory hydrogel (1)
- shape-memory polymer actuators (1)
- shape-memory properties (1)
- shape-persistent macrocycles (1)
- shape‐memory polymer actuators (1)
- shieldings (TSNMRS) (1)
- shuttled RAFT-polymerization (1)
- side reaction (1)
- side-chains functionalization (1)
- silacyclohexanes (1)
- silane chemistry (1)
- silapiperidines (1)
- silica nanoparticles (1)
- silk fibroin (1)
- silkworm silk (1)
- siloxanes (1)
- silver(1) complexes (1)
- simulations (1)
- single particle analysis (1)
- single-cell (1)
- single-molecule analysis (1)
- single-particle tracking (1)
- single-strand breaks (1)
- situ Raman spectroscopy (1)
- size (1)
- skeletal elements (1)
- skin equivalents (1)
- small-angle neutron scattering (1)
- sodium green (1)
- sodium storage mechanism (1)
- sodium-ion (1)
- sodium-ion capacitors (1)
- soft X-radiation (1)
- soft X-ray (1)
- soft matter micro- and nanowires (1)
- soil (1)
- soil nutrients (1)
- sol-gel processes (1)
- solar (1)
- solid electrolyte interphase (1)
- solid phase (1)
- solid-phase extraction (1)
- solid-state NMR (1)
- solid-supported biomimetic membranes (1)
- solvatochromism (1)
- solvent effect (1)
- solvent influence (1)
- solvent resistance (1)
- solvent vapor annealing (1)
- solvents (1)
- sortase-mediated ligation (1)
- spatial-organization (1)
- spectro-electrochemistry (1)
- spectrometry (1)
- spent coffee (1)
- sperical (1)
- spherical polyelectrolyte (1)
- spiked and crumble gold nanotriangles (1)
- spiro compounds (1)
- spirocycles (1)
- sponge (1)
- spray imaging (1)
- sputtering (1)
- star-block copolymers (1)
- statistical copolymer (1)
- statistical copolymers (1)
- stem cell adhesion (1)
- step (1)
- stepwise complexation (1)
- stereocomplexation (1)
- stereocomplexes (1)
- stereoselective-synthesis (1)
- steric hindrance (1)
- stimul-responsive (1)
- stimul-responsive emulsion (1)
- stimuli-sensitive materials (1)
- stimuli-sensitivity (1)
- stochastic processes (1)
- storage capacity (1)
- storage proteins (1)
- strain field (1)
- strand breakage (1)
- streptavidin (1)
- strong field (1)
- strong polyelectrolyte brush (1)
- styrenes (1)
- subtriflavanonol (1)
- sugar amino acids (1)
- sugars (1)
- sulfides (1)
- sulfimides (1)
- sulfobetaine (1)
- sulfones (1)
- sulfoxide (1)
- sulfur heterocycles (1)
- sulfur host (1)
- sunscreen (1)
- super-intense laser pulses (1)
- supercapacitor (1)
- supercapacitors (1)
- supercritical CO(2) (1)
- supercritical carbon dioxide (1)
- superheated water (1)
- superlattices (1)
- superparamagnetic (1)
- supported catalyst (1)
- supported gold (1)
- supramolecular chemistry (1)
- supramolecular interactions (1)
- supramolecular polymer network (1)
- surface charge (1)
- surface coating (1)
- surface enhanced spectroscopy (1)
- surface hopping (1)
- surface interaction (1)
- surface patterning (1)
- surface plasmon (1)
- surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (1)
- surface-initiated photopolymerization (1)
- sustainable chemistry (1)
- switch (1)
- switchable retarder (1)
- switches (1)
- synthetic methods (1)
- synthosomes (1)
- tandem sequence (1)
- tandem solar cells (1)
- tannic acid (1)
- telechelics (1)
- telomeric DNA (1)
- temperature effect (1)
- temperature sensor (1)
- temperature variations (1)
- temperature-memory effect (1)
- temperature-memory polymers (1)
- temperature-responsive (1)
- terminal alkynes (1)
- termination (1)
- tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (1)
- tetrachloridocuprate(II) (1)
- tetrahalido metallates (1)
- tetrahalidometallates (1)
- thermal isomerization (1)
- thermal processing of food (1)
- thermal transformation mechanism (1)
- thermal treatments (1)
- thermo-responsive polymers (1)
- thermo-sensitivity (1)
- thermochemistry (1)
- thermodynamics (1)
- thermomechanical properties (1)
- thermomorphism (1)
- thermoplastic elastomer (1)
- thermoplastic elastomer synthesis (1)
- thermoresponsive substrates (1)
- thermoresponsive-nanogel (1)
- thermosensitive (1)
- thimerosal (1)
- thin film (1)
- thio-dimethylarsinic acid (1)
- thiol (1)
- thiol passivation (1)
- thiol-ene (1)
- thiol-ene reactions (1)
- thiols (1)
- thiophenes (1)
- three-dimensional depth profiling (1)
- thrombocyte adhesion (1)
- through space NMR shieldings (1)
- thymol blue (1)
- tight-binding (1)
- time random-walks (1)
- time-dependent Schrödinger equation (1)
- time-resolved fluorescence (1)
- time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- time-resolved measurements (1)
- tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (1)
- tissue (1)
- titania (1)
- tocopherols (1)
- tomato (1)
- tomography (1)
- topical (1)
- trans-fagaramide (1)
- transcript markers (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transferhydrogenation (1)
- transition (1)
- transition density matrix (1)
- transition metals (1)
- transition-potential method (1)
- translational diffusion (1)
- traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (1)
- triangular-[4] phenylene (1)
- triblock copolymers (1)
- triple-shape effect (1)
- trivalent (1)
- tuberculosis (1)
- two dimensional network (1)
- two-dimensional phases (1)
- two-photon (1)
- two-photon absorption (1)
- ultra-fast laser inscription (1)
- ultrafast (1)
- ultrafast dynamics (1)
- ultrafast reactions (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- underpotential deposition (1)
- undulated (1)
- undulated nanoplatelets (1)
- upconversion (1)
- upper critical solution temperature (1)
- uremia (1)
- vacuum-UV radiation (1)
- validation (1)
- van der Waals forces (1)
- vanillin (1)
- vascular graft (1)
- vascular grafts (1)
- ventricular myocytes (1)
- vesicle (1)
- vesicles (1)
- viability (1)
- vinylidene fluoride (1)
- vis spectroscopy (1)
- viscosity (1)
- visible light (1)
- vitro toxicological characterization (1)
- volatile organic compounds (1)
- water remediation (1)
- water vapor (1)
- water/decane contact angle (1)
- wavelength (1)
- weak ergodicity breaking (1)
- weakly coordinating ions (1)
- whey proteins (1)
- whole blood (1)
- wide angle x‐ ray scattering (1)
- wrinkled stamps (1)
- xanthenes (1)
- xanthophylls (1)
- yarns (1)
- ylides (1)
- yolk-shell (1)
- yolk-shell nanoparticles (1)
- zinc (1)
- zirconia (1)
- zwitterionic (1)
- zwitterionic group (1)
- zwitterions (1)
- zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein GP2 (1)
- β‐myrcene (1)
Institute
- Institut für Chemie (2891) (remove)
Its properties make copper one of the world’s most important functional metals. Numerous megatrends are increasing the demand for copper. This requires the prospection and exploration of new deposits, as well as the monitoring of copper quality in the various production steps. A promising technique to perform these tasks is Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Its unique feature, among others, is the ability to measure on site without sample collection and preparation. In this work, copper-bearing minerals from two different deposits are studied. The first set of field samples come from a volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit, the second part from a stratiform sedimentary copper (SSC) deposit. Different approaches are used to analyze the data. First, univariate regression (UVR) is used. However, due to the strong influence of matrix effects, this is not suitable for the quantitative analysis of copper grades. Second, the multivariate method of partial least squares regression (PLSR) is used, which is more suitable for quantification. In addition, the effects of the surrounding matrices on the LIBS data are characterized by principal component analysis (PCA), alternative regression methods to PLSR are tested and the PLSR calibration is validated using field samples.
The retention of actinides in different oxidation states (An(X), X = III, IV, VI) by a calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) phase with a Ca/Si (C/S) ratio of 0.8 was investigated in the presence of gluconate (GLU). The actinides considered were Am(III), Th(IV), Pu(IV), and U(VI). Eu(III) was investigated as chemical analogue for Am(III) and Cm(III). In addition to the ternary systems An(X)/GLU/C-S-H, also binary systems An(X)/C-S-H, GLU/C-S-H, and An(X)/GLU were studied. Complementary analytical techniques were applied to address the different specific aspects of the binary and ternary systems. Time-resolved laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) was applied in combination with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to identify retained species and to monitor species-selective sorption kinetics. ¹³C and ²⁹Si magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to determine the bulk structure and the composition of the C-S-H surface, respectively, in the absence and presence of GLU. The interaction of Th(IV) with GLU in different electrolytes was studied by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS). The influence of GLU on An(X) retention was investigated for a large concentration range up to 10⁻² M. The results showed that GLU had little to no effect on the overall An(X) retention by C-S-H with C/S of 0.8, regardless of the oxidation state of the actinides. For Eu(III), the TRLFS investigations additionally implied the formation of a Eu(III)-bearing precipitate with dissolved constituents of the C-S-H phase, which becomes structurally altered by the presence of GLU. For U(VI) sorption on the C-S-H phase, only a small influence of GLU could be established in the luminescence spectroscopic investigations, and no precipitation of U(VI)-containing secondary phases could be identified.
The direct conversion of light from the sun into usable forms of energy marks one of the central cornerstones of the change of our living from the use of fossil, non-renewable energy resources towards a more sustainable economy. Besides the necessary societal changes necessary, it is the understanding of the solids employed that is of particular importance for the success of this target. In this work, the principles and approaches of systematic-crystallographic characterisation and systematisation of solids is used and employed to allow a directed tuning of the materials properties. The thorough understanding of the solid-state forms hereby the basis, on which more applied approaches are founded.
Two material systems, which are considered as promising solar absorber materials, are at the core of this work: halide perovskites and II-IV-N2 nitride materials. While the first is renowned for its high efficiencies and rapid development in the last years, the latter is putting an emphasis on true sustainability in that toxic and scarce elements are avoided.
Functional materials, also called "Smart Materials", are described by their ability to fulfill a desired task through targeted interaction with its environment. Due to this functional integration, such materials are of increased interest, especially in areas where the increasing micronization of components is required. Modern manufacturing processes (e.g. microfluidics) and the availability of a wide variety of functional materials (e.g. shape memory materials) now enable the production of particle-based switching components. This category includes micropumps and microvalves, whose basic function is the active control of liquid flows. One approach in realizing those microcomponents as pursued by this work, enables variable size-switching of water-filled microballoons by implementing a stimulus-sensitive switching motif in the capsule's membrane shell, while being under the influence of a constant driving force. The switching motif with its gatekeeper function has a critical influence on one or more material parameters, which modulate the capsule's resistance against the driving force in microballoon expansion process. The advantage of this concept is that even non-variable analyte conditions, such as concentration levels of ions, can be capitalized to generate external force fields that, under the control of the membrane, cause an inflation of the microballoon by an osmotically driven water influx. In case of osmotic pressure gradients as the driving force for the capsule expansion, material parameters associated with the gatekeeper function are specifically the permeability and the mechanical stiffness of the shell material. While a modulation of the shell permeability could be utilized to kinetically impede the water influx on large time scales, a modulation of the shell's mechanical stiffness even might be utilized to completely prevent the capsule inflation due to a possible non-deformability beneath a certain threshold pressure. In polymer networks, which are a suitable material class for the demanded capsule shell because of their excellent elasticity, both the permeability and the mechanical properties are strongly influenced by the crystallinity of the material. Since the permeability is effectively reduced with increasing crystallinity, while the mechanical stiffness is simultaneously greatly increased, both effects point in the same direction in terms of their functional relationship. For this reason and due to a reversible and contactless modulation of the membrane crystallinity by heat input, crystallites may be suitable switching motifs for controlling the capsule expansion. As second design element of reversible expandable microballoons, the capsule geometry, defined by an aqueous core enveloped by the temperature-sensitive polymer network membrane, should allow an osmotic pressure gradient across the membrane layer. The strength of the inflation pressure and the associated inflation velocity upon membrane melting should be controlled by the salt concentration within the aqueous core, while a turn in the osmotic gradient should furthermore allow the reversible process of capsule deflation. Therefore, it should be possible to build either microvalves and micropumps, while their intended action of either pumping or valving is determined by their state of expansion and the direction of the osmotic pressure gradient.. Microballoons of approximately 300 µm in diameter were formed via droplet-based microfluidics from double-emulsion templates (w/o/w). The elastomeric capsule membrane was formed by photo-crosslinking of methacrylate (MA) functionalized oligo(ε-caprolactone) precursors (≈ 3.8 MA-arms, Mn ≈ 12000 g mol-1) within the organic medium layer (o) via UV-exposure after droplet-formation. After removal of the toluene/chloroform mixture by slow extraction via the continuous aqueous phase, the capsules solidified under the development of a characteristic "mushroom"-like shape at specific experimental conditions (e.g. λ = 308 nm, 57 mJ·s-1·cm-2, 16 min). It could be furthermore shown that in dependency to the process parameters: oligomer concentration and curing-time also spherical capsules were accessible. Long curing-times and high oligomer concentrations at a fixed light-intensity favored the formation of "mushroom"-like capsules, whereas the contrary led to spherical shaped capsules. A comparative study on thin polymer network films of same composition and equal treatment proved a correlation between the film's crosslink density and their contraction capability, while stronger crosslinked polymer networks showed a stronger contraction after solvent removal. In combination with observations during capsule solidification via light-microscopy, where a continuous shaping from almost spherical crosslinked templates to "mushroom"-shaped and solidified capsules was stated, the following mechanism was proposed. In case of low oligomer contents and short curing-times, the contraction of the capsule shell during solvent removal is strongly diminished due to a low degree of crosslinking. Therefore, the solidifying shell could freely collapse onto the aqueous core. In the other case, high oligomer concentrations and long curing-times will favor the formation of highly crosslinked capsule membranes with a strong contraction capability. Due to an observed decentered location of the aqueous core within the swollen polymer network, an uneven radial stress along the capsule's circumference is exerted to the incompressible core. This lead to an uneven contraction during solvent removal and a directed flow of the core fluid into the direction of the minimal stress vector. In consequence, the initially thicker spherical cap contracts, whereas the opposing thinner spherical cap get stretched. The "mushroom"-shape over some advantages over their spherical shaped counterparts, why they were selected for the further experiments. Besides the necessity of a high density of crosslinking for the purpose of extraordinary elasticity and toughness, the form-anisotropy promotes a faster microballoon expandability due to a partial reduction of the membrane thickness. Additionally, pre-stretched regions of thin thickness might provide a better resistance against inflation pressure than spherical but non-stretched capsules of equal membrane thickness. The resulting "mushroom"-shaped microcapsules exhibited a melting point of Tm ≈ 50 - 60 °C and a degree of crystallinity of Xc ≈ 29 - 38 % depending on the membrane thickness and internal salt content, which is slightly lower than for the non-crosslinked oligomer and reasoned by a limited chain mobility upon crosslinking. Nonetheless, the melting transition of the polymer network was associated with a strong drop in its mechanical stiffness, which was shown to have a strong influence on the osmotic driven expansion of the microcapsules. Capsules that were subjected to osmotic pressures between 1.5 and 4.7 MPa did not expand if the temperature was well below the melting point of the capsule's membrane, i.e. at room temperature. In contrast, a continuous expansion, while approaching asymptotically to a final capsule size, was observed if the temperature exceeded the melting point, i.e. 60 °C. Microballoons, which were kept for 56 days at ∆Π = 1.5 MPa and room temperature, did not change significantly in diameter, why the impact of the mechanical stiffness on the expansion behavior is considered to be the greater than the influence of the shell permeability. The time-resolved expansion behavior of the microballoons above their Tm was subsequently modeled, using difusion equations that were corrected for shape anisotropy and elastic restoring forces. A shape-related and expansion dependent pre-factor was used to dynamically address the influence of the shell thickness differences along the circumference on the inflation velocity, whereas the microballoon's elastic contraction upon inflation was rendered by the inclusion of a hyperelastic constitutive model. An important finding resulting from this model was the pronounced increase in inflation velocity compared to hypothetical capsules with a homogeneous shell thickness, which stresses the benefit of employing shape anisotropic balloon-like capsules in this study. Furthermore, the model was able to predict the finite expandability on basis of entropy-elastic recovery forces and strain-hardening effects. A comparison of six different microballoons with different shell thicknesses and internal salt contents showed the linear relationship between the volumetric expansion, the shell thickness and the applied osmotic pressure, as represented by the model. As the proposed model facilitates the prediction of the expansion kinetics depending on the membranes mechanical and diffusional characteristics, it might be a screening tool for future material selections. In course of the microballoon expansion process, capsules of intermediate diameters could be isolated by recrystallization of the membrane, which is mainly caused by a restoration of the membrane's mechanical stiffness and is otherwise difficult to achieve with other stimuli-sensitive systems. The capsule's crystallinity of intermediate expansion states was nearly unchanged, whereas the lamellar crystal size tends to decreased with the expansion ratio. Therefore, it was assumed that the elastic modulus was only minimally altered and might increased due to the networks segment-chain extension. In addition to the volume increase achieved by inflation, a turn in the osmotic gradient also facilitated the reversible deflation, which was shown in inflation/deflation cycles. These both characteristics of the introduced microballoons are important parameter regarding the realization of micropumps and microvalves. The fixation of expanded microcapsules via recrystallization enabled the storage of entropy-elastic strain-energy, which could be utilized for pumping actions in non-aqueous media. Here, the pumping velocity depended on both, the type of surrounding medium and the applied temperature. Surrounding media that supported the fast transport of pumped liquid showed an accelerated deflation, while high temperatures further accelerate the pumping velocity. Very fast rejection of the incorporated payload was furthermore realized with pierced expanded microballoons, which were subjected to temperatures above their Tm. The possible fixation of intermediate particle sizes provide opportunities for vent constructions that allowed the precise adjustment of specific flow-rates and multiple valve openings and closings. A valve construction was realized by the insertion of a single or multiple microballoons in a microfluidic channel. A complete and a partial closing of the microballoon-valves was demonstrated as a function of the heating period. In this context, a difference between the inflation and deflation velocity was stated, summarizing slower expansion kinetics. Overall, microballoons, which presented both on-demand pumping and reversible valving by a temperature-triggered change in the capsule's volume, might be suitable components that help to design fully integrated LOC devices, due to the implementation of the control switch and controllable inflation/deflation kinetics. In comparison to other state of the art stimuli-sensitive materials, one has to highlight the microballoons capability of stabilizing almost continuously intermediate capsule sizes by simple recrystallization of the microballoon's membrane.
The increasing global population has led to a growing demand for cost-effective and eco-friendly methods of water purification. This demand has reached a peak due to the increasing presence of impurities and pollutants in water and a growing awareness of waterborne diseases. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective methods to address these challenges, due to the generation of highly reactive radicals, such as sulfate radical (SO4•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and/or superoxide radical (•O2-) in oxidation reactions. Relative to conventional hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-based AOPs for wastewater treatment, the persulfate-related AOPs are receiving increasing attention over the past decades, due to their stronger oxidizing capability and a wider pH working window. Further deployment of the seemingly plausible technology as an alternative for the well-established one in industry, however, necessitates a careful evaluation of compounding factors, such as water matrix effects, toxicological consequences, costs, and engineering challenges, etc. To this end, rational design of efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts constitutes an indispensable pathway to advance persulfate activation efficacy and to elucidate the mechanisms in AOPs, the combined endeavors are expected to provide insightful understanding and guidelines for future studies in wastewater treatment. A dozens of transition metal-based catalysts have been developed for persulfate-related AOPs, while the undesirable metal leaching and poor stability in acidic conditions have been identified as major obstacles. Comparatively, the carbonaceous materials are emerging as alternative candidates, which are characterized by metal-free nature, wide availability, and exceptional resistance to acid and alkali, as well as tunable physicochemical and electronic properties, the combined merits make them an attractive option to overcome the aforementioned limitations in metal-based catalytic systems. This dissertation aims at developing novel carbonaceous materials to boost the activity in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation processes. Functionalized carbon materials with metal particles or heteroatoms were constructed and further evaluated in terms of their ability to activate PMS for AOPs. The main contents of this thesis are summarized as follows: (1) Iron oxide-loaded biochar: improving stability and alleviating metal leakage Metal leaching constitutes one of the main drawbacks in using transition metals as PMS activators, which is accompanied by the generation of metal-containing sludge, potentially leading to secondary pollution. Meanwhile, the metal nanoparticles are prone to aggregate, causing rapid decay of catalytic performance. The use of carbons as supports for transition metals could mitigate these deficiencies, because the interaction between metals and carbons could in turn disperse and stabilize metal nanoparticles, thus suppressing the metal leaching. In this work, the environmentally benign lignin with its abundant phenolic groups, which is well known to serve as carbon source with high yields and flexibility, was utilized to load Fe ions. The facile low-temperature pre-treatment pyrolytic strategy was employed to construct a green catalyst with iron oxides embedded in Kraft-lignin-derived biochar (termed as γ-Fe2O3@KC). The γ-Fe2O3@KC was capable of activating PMS to generate stable non-radical species (1O2 and Fe (V)=O) and to enhance electron transfer efficiency. A surface-bound reactive complex (catalyst-PMS*) was identified by electrochemical characterizations and discussed with primary surface-bound radical pairs to explain the contradictions between quenching and EPR detection results. The system also showed encouraging reusability for at least 5 times and high stability at pH 3-9. The low concentration of iron in γ-Fe2O3@KC/PMS system implied that the carbon scaffold of biochar substantially alleviated metal leakage. (2) MOF-derived nanocarbon: new carbon crystals Traditional carbon materials are of rather moderate performance in activation PMS, due to the poor electron transfer capacity within the amorphous structure and limited active sites for PMS adsorption. Herein, we established crystalline nanocarbon materials via a simple NaCl-templated strategy using the monoclinic zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) sealed with NaCl crystals as the precursors. Specifically, NaCl captured dual advantages in serving as structure-directing agent during hydrolysis and protective salt reactor to facilitate phase transformation during carbonization. The structure-directing agent NaCl provided a protective and confined space for the evolution of MOF upon carbonization, which led to high doping amounts of nitrogen (N) and oxygen elements (O) in carbon framework (N: 14.16 wt%, O: 9.6 wt%) after calcination at a high temperature of 950 oC. We found that N-O co-doping can activate the chemically inert carbon network and the nearby sp2-hybridized carbon atoms served as active sites for adsorption and activation. Besides, the highly crystallized structure with well-established carbon channels around activated carbon atoms could significantly accelerate electron transfer process after initial adsorption of PMS. As such, this crystalline nanocarbon exhibited excellent catalytic kinetics for various pollutants. (3) MOF-derived 2D carbon layers: enhanced mass/electron transfer The two-dimensional (2D) configuration of carbon-based nanosheets with inherent nanochannels and abundant active sites residing on the layer edges or in between the layers, allowed the accessible interaction and close contact between the substrates and reactants, as well as the dramatically improved electron- and mass-transfer kinetics. In this regard, we developed dual-templating strategy to afford 2D assembly of the crystalline carbons, which found efficiency in reinforcing the interactions between the catalyst surface and foreign pollutants. Specifically, we found that the ice crystals and NaCl promoted the evolution of MOF in a 2D fashion during the freezing casting stage, while the later further allowed the formation of a graphitic surface at high calcination temperature, by virtue of the templating effect of molten salt. Due to the highly retained co-doping amounts, N and O heteroatoms created abundant active sites for PMS activation, the 2D configuration of carbon-based nanosheets enable efficient interaction of PMS and pollutants on the surface, which further boosted the kinetics of degradation.
The CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) extract of Zanthoxylum holstzianum stem bark showed good antiplasmodial activity (IC50 2.5 +/- 0.3 and 2.6 +/- 0.3 mu g/mL against the W2 and D6 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively). From the extract five benzophenanthridine alkaloids [8-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine (1), nitidine (2), dihydrochelerythine (3), norchelerythrine (5), arnottianamide (8)]; a 2-quinolone alkaloid [N-methylflindersine (4)]; a lignan [4,4 '-dihydroxy-3,3 '-dimethoxylignan-9,9 '-diyl diacetate (7)] and a dimer of a benzophenanthridine and 2-quinoline [holstzianoquinoline (6)] were isolated. The CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) extract of the root bark afforded 1, 3-6, 8, chelerythridimerine (9) and 9-demethyloxychelerythrine (10). Holstzianoquinoline (6) is new, and is the second dimer linked by a C-C bond of a benzophenanthridine and a 2-quinoline reported thus far. The compounds were identified based on spectroscopic evidence. Amongst five compounds (1-5) tested against two strains of P. falciparum, nitidine (IC50 0.11 +/- 0.01 mu g/mL against W2 and D6 strains) and norchelerythrine (IC50 value of 0.15 +/- 0.01 mu g/mL against D6 strain) were the most active.
The kinetics of water transfer between the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and upper critical solution temperature (UCST) thermoresponsive blocks in about 10 nm thin films of a diblock copolymer is monitored by in situ neutron reflectivity. The UCST-exhibiting block in the copolymer consists of the zwitterionic poly(4((3-methacrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)butane-1-sulfonate), abbreviated as PSBP. The LCST-exhibiting block consists of the nonionic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), abbreviated as PNIPAM. The as-prepared PSBP80-b-PNIPAM(400) films feature a three-layer structure, i.e., PNIPAM, mixed PNIPAM and PSBP, and PSBP. Both blocks have similar transition temperatures (TTs), namely around 32 degrees C for PNIPAM, and around 35 degrees C for PSBP, and with a two-step heating protocol (20 degrees C to 40 degrees C and 40 degrees C to 80 degrees C), both TTs are passed. The response to such a thermal stimulus turns out to be complex. Besides a three-step process (shrinkage, rearrangement, and reswelling), a continuous transfer of D2O from the PNIPAM to the PSBP block is observed. Due to the existence of both, LCST and UCST blocks in the PSBP80-b-PNIPAM(400 )film, the water transfer from the contracting PNIPAM, and mixed layers to the expanding PSBP layer occurs. Thus, the hydration kinetics and thermal response differ markedly from a thermoresponsive polymer film with a single LCST transition.
A new solid-state material, N-butyl pyridinium diiodido argentate(I), is synthesized using a simple and effective one-pot approach. In the solid state, the compound exhibits 1D ([AgI2](-))(n) chains that are stabilized by the N-butyl pyridinium cation. The 1D structure is further manifested by the formation of long, needle-like crystals, as revealed from electron microscopy. As the general composition is derived from metal halide-based ionic liquids, the compound has a low melting point of 100-101 degrees C, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. Most importantly, the compound has a conductivity of 10(-6) S cm(-1) at room temperature. At higher temperatures the conductivity increases and reaches to 10(-4 )S cm(-1) at 70 degrees C. In contrast to AgI, however, the current material has a highly anisotropic 1D arrangement of the ionic domains. This provides direct and tuneable access to fast and anisotropic ionic conduction. The material is thus a significant step forward beyond current ion conductors and a highly promising prototype for the rational design of highly conductive ionic solid-state conductors for battery or solar cell applications.
This habilitation thesis summarises the research work performed by the author during the last quindecennial period. The dissertation reflects his main research interests, which revolve around quantum dynamics of small-sized molecular systems, including their interactions with electromagnetic radiation or dissipative environments. This covers various dynamical processes that involve bound-bound, bound-free, and free-free molecular transitions. The latter encompass light-triggered rovibrational or rovibronic dynamics in bound molecules, molecular photodissociation induced by weak or strong laser fields, state-to-state reactive and/or inelastic molecular collisions, and phonon-driven vibrational relaxation of adsorbates at solid surfaces. Although the dissertation covers different topics of molecular reaction dynamics, most of these studies focus on nuclear quantum effects and their manifestations in experimental measures. The latter are assessed through comparison between quantum and classical predictions, and/or direct confrontation of theory and experiment. Most well known quantum concepts and effects will be encountered in this work. Yet, almost all these quantum notions find their roots in the central pillar of quantum theory, namely, the quantum superposition principle. Indeed, quantum coherence is the main source of most quantum effects, including interference, entanglement, and even tunneling. Thus, the common and predominant theme of all the investigations of this thesis is quantum coherence, and the survival or quenching of subsequent interference effects in various molecular processes. The lion's share of the dissertation is devoted to two associated quantum concepts, which are usually overlooked in computational molecular dynamics, viz. the Berry phase and identical nuclei symmetry. The importance of the latter in dynamical molecular processes and their direct fingerprints in experimental observables also rely very much on quantum coherence and entanglement. All these quantum phenomena are thoroughly discussed within the four main topics that form the core of this thesis. Each topic is described in a separate chapter, where it is briefly summarised and then illustrated with three peer-reviewed publications. The first topic deals with the relevance of quantum coherence/interference in molecular collisions, with a focus on the hydrogen-exchange reaction, H+H2 --> H2+H, and its isotopologues. For these collision processes, the significance of interference of probability amplitudes arises because of the existence of two main scattering pathways. The latter could be inelastic and reactive scattering, direct and time-delayed scattering, or two encircling reaction paths that loop in opposite senses around a conical intersection (CI) of the H3 molecular system. Our joint theoretical-experimental investigations of these processes reveal strong interference and geometric phase (GP) effects in state-to-state reaction probabilities and differential cross sections. However, these coherent effects completely cancel in integral cross sections and reaction rate constants, due to efficient dephasing of interference between the different scattering amplitudes. As byproducts of these studies, we highlight the discovery of two novel scattering mechanisms, which contradict conventional textbook pictures of molecular reaction dynamics. The second topic concerns the effect of the Berry phase on molecular photodynamics at conical intersections. To understand this effect, we developed a topological approach that separates the total molecular wavefunction of an unbound molecular system into two components, which wind in opposite senses around the conical intersection. This separation reveals that the only effect of the geometric phase is to change the sign of the relative phase of these two components. This in turn leads to a shift in the interference pattern of the molecular system---a phase shift that is reminiscient of the celebrated Aharonov-Bohm effect. This procedure is numerically illustrated with photodynamics at model standard CIs, as well as strong-field dissociation of diatomics at light-induced conical intersections (LICIs). Besides the fundamental aspect of these studies, their findings allow to interpret and predict the effect of the GP on the state-resolved or angle-resolved spectra of pump-probe experimental schemes, particularly the distributions of photofragments in molecular photodissociation experiments. The third topic pertains to the role of the indistinguishability of identical nuclei in molecular reaction dynamics, with an emphasis on dynamical localization in highly symmetric molecules. The main object of these studies is whether nuclear-spin statistics allow dynamical localization of the electronic, vibrational, or even rotational density on a specific molecular substructure or configuration rather than on another one which is identical (indistinguishable). Group-theoretic analysis of the symmetrized molecular wavefunctions of these systems shows that nuclear permutation symmetry engenders quantum entanglement between the eigenstates of the different molecular degrees of freedom. This subsequently leads to complete quenching of dynamical localization over indistinguishable molecular substructures---an observation that is in sharp contradiction with well known textbook views of iconic molecular processes. This is illustrated with various examples of quantum dynamics in symmetric double-well achiral molecules, such as the prototypical umbrella inversion motion of ammonia, electronic Kekulé dynamics in the benzene molecule, and coupled electron-nuclear dynamics in laser-induced indirect photodissociation of the dihydrogen molecular cation. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the development of approximate wavefunction approaches for phonon-induced vibrational relaxation of adsorbates (system) at surfaces (bath). Due to the so-called 'curse of dimensionality', these system-bath complexes cannot be handled with standard wavefunction methods. To alleviate the exponential scaling of the latter, we developed approximate yet quite accurate numerical schemes that have a polynomial scaling with respect to the bath dimensionality. The corresponding algorithms combine symmetry-based reductions of the full vibrational Hilbert space and iterative Krylov techniques. These approximate wavefunction approaches resemble the 'Bixon-Jortner model' and the more general 'quantum tier model'. This is illustrated with the decay of H-Si (D-Si) vibrations on a fully H(D)-covered silicon surface, which is modelled with a phonon-bath of more than two thousand oscillators. These approximate methods allow reliable estimation of the adsorbate vibrational lifetimes, and provide some insight into vibration-phonon couplings at solid surfaces. Although this topic is mainly computational, the developed wavefunction approaches permit to describe quantum entanglement between the system and bath states, and to embody some coherent effects in the time-evolution of the (sub-)system, which cannot be accounted for with the widely used 'reduced density matrix formalism'.
Carbon nitride semiconductors: properties and application as photocatalysts in organic synthesis
(2023)
Graphitic carbon nitrides (g-CNs) are represented by melon-type g-CN, poly(heptazine imides) (PHIs), triazine-based g-CN and poly(triazine imide) with intercalated LiCl (PTI/Li+Cl‒). These materials are composed of sp2-hybridized carbon and nitrogen atoms; C:N ratio is close to 3:4; the building unit is 1,3,5-triazine or tri-s-triazine; the building units are interconnected covalently via sp2-hybridized nitrogen atoms or NH-moieties; the layers are assembled into a stack via weak van der Waals forces as in graphite. Due to medium band gap (~2.7 eV) g-CNs, such as melon-type g-CN and PHIs, are excited by photons with wavelength ≤ 460 nm. Since 2009 g-CNs have been actively studied as photocatalysts in evolution of hydrogen and oxygen – two half-reactions of full water splitting, by employing corresponding sacrificial agents. At the same time application of g-CNs as photocatalysts in organic synthesis has been remaining limited to few reactions only. Cumulative Habilitation summarizes research work conducted by the group ‘Innovative Heterogeneous Photocatalysis’ between 2017-2023 in the field of carbon nitride organic photocatalysis, which is led by Dr. Oleksandr Savatieiev.
g-CN photocatalysts activate molecules, i.e. generate their more reactive open-shell intermediates, via three modes: i) Photoinduced electron transfer (PET); ii) Excited state proton-coupled electron transfer (ES-PCET) or direct hydrogen atom transfer (dHAT); iii) Energy transfer (EnT). The scope of reactions that proceed via oxidative PET, i.e. one-electron oxidation of a substrate to the corresponding radical cation, are represented by synthesis of sulfonylchlorides from S-acetylthiophenols. The scope of reactions that proceed via reductive PET, i.e. one-electron reduction of a substrate to the corresponding radical anion, are represented by synthesis of γ,γ-dichloroketones from the enones and chloroform.
Due to abundance of sp2-hybridized nitrogen atoms in the structure of g-CN materials, they are able to cleave X-H bonds in organic molecules and store temporary hydrogen atom. ES-PCET or dHAT mode of organic molecules activation to the corresponding radicals is implemented for substrates featuring relatively acidic X-H bonds and those that are characterized by low bond dissociation energy, such as C-H bond next to the heteroelements. On the other hand, reductively quenched g-CN carrying hydrogen atom reduces a carbonyl compound to the ketyl radical via PCET that is thermodynamically more favorable pathway compared to the electron transfer. The scope of these reactions is represented by cyclodimerization of α,β-unsaturated ketones to cyclopentanoles.
g-CN excited state demonstrates complex dynamics with the initial formation of singlet excited state, which upon intersystem crossing produces triplet excited state that is characterized by the lifetime > 2 μs. Due to long lifetime, g-CN activate organic molecules via EnT. For example, g-CN sensitizes singlet oxygen, which is the key intermediate in the dehydrogenation of aldoximes to nitrileoxides. The transient nitrileoxide undergoes [3+2]-cycloaddition to nitriles and gives oxadiazoles-1,2,4.
PET, ES-PCET and EnT are fundamental phenomena that are applied beyond organic photocatalysis. Hybrid composite is formed by combining conductive polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K-PHI). Upon PET, K-PHI modulated population of polarons and therefore conductivity of PEDOT:PSS. The initial state of PEDOT:PSS is recovered upon material exposure to O2. K-PHI:PEDOT:PSS may be applied in O2 sensing.
In the presence of electron donors, such as tertiary amines and alcohols, and irradiation with light, K-PHI undergoes photocharging – the g-CN material accumulates electrons and charge-compensating cations. Such photocharged state is stable under anaerobic conditions for weeks, but at the same time it is a strong reductant. This feature allows decoupling in time light harvesting and energy storage in the form of electron-proton couples from utilization in organic synthesis. The photocharged state of K-PHI reduces nitrobenzene to aniline, and enables dimerization of α,β-unsaturated ketones to hexadienones in dark.
The synthesis and the crystal structure of the double cluster compound [Nb6Cl14(MeCN)(4)][Nb6Cl14(pyz)(4)]middot6CH(3)CN are described. The synthesis is based on a partial ligand exchange reaction, which proceeds upon dissolving [Nb6Cl14(pyz)(4)]middot2CH(2)Cl(2) in acetonitrile. The compound is built up of two discrete neutral cluster units, which consist of octahedra of Nb-6 atoms coordinated by 12 edge-bridging chlorido and two terminal chlorido ligands, and four acetonitrile ligands on one and four pyrazine ligands on the other cluster unit. Co-crystallized acetonitrile molecules are also present. The single-crystal structure determination has revealed a cluster arrangement in which the [Nb6Cl14(pyz)(4)] units are connected by (halogen) lone-pair-(pyrazine) pi interactions. These lead to chains of [Nb6Cl14(pyz)(4)] clusters. These chains are further connected to cluster layers by (nitrile-halogen) dipole-dipole interactions, in which the [Nb6Cl14(MeCN)(4)] and co-crystallized MeCN molecules are also involved. These cluster layers are arranged parallel to the crystallographic {011} plane.
Due to the COVID pandemic, the introductory course on organic chemistry was developed and conducted as anonline course. To ensure methodical variety in this course,educational games and quizzes have been developed, used, and evaluated. The attendance of the course, and therefore also the use of the quizzes and games, was voluntary. The quizzes'main goalwas to give the students the opportunity to check whether they had memorized the knowledge needed in the course. Another goal was to make transparent which knowledge the students shouldmemorize by rote. The evaluation shows that the students hadnot internalized all knowledge which they should apply in severaltasks on organic chemistry. They answered multiselect questions in general less well than single-select questions. The games shouldcombine fun with learning. The evaluation of the games shows that the students rated them very well. The students used thosegames again for their exam preparation, as the monitoring of accessing the games showed. Students'experiences with usingelectronic devices in general or for quizzes and games have also been evaluated, because their experience could influence thestudents'assessment of the quizzes and games used in our study. However, the students used electronic devices regularly and shouldtherefore be technically competent to use our quizzes and games. The evaluation showed that the use of digital games for learningpurposes is not very common, neither at school nor at university, although the students had worked with such tools before. Thestudents are also very interested in using and developing such digital games not only for their own study, but also for their future work at school
We report a modified approach to the batch scale preparation of completely engulfed core-shell emulsions or partially engulfed Janus emulsions with colorful optical properties, containing water, olive oil, and silicone oil. The in situ reduction of gold chloride, forming gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at the olive oil interface in the absence or presence of chitosan, leads to the formation of compartmentalized olive-silicone oil emulsion droplets in water. In the absence of additional reducing components, time-dependent morphological transformations from partial engulfment to complete engulfment were observed. Similar experiments in the presence of chitosan or presynthesized AuNPs show an opposite time-dependent trend of transformation of core-shell structures into partially engulfed ones. This behavior can be understood by a time-dependent rearrangement of the AuNPs at the interface and changes of the interfacial tension. The Pickering effect of AuNPs at oil-water and oil-oil interfaces brings not only color effects to individual microdroplets, which are of special relevance for the preparation of new optical elements, but also a surprising self-assembly of droplets.
Four combinations of type-I olefins isoeugenol and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene with type-II olefins acrolein and crotonaldehyde were investigated in cross-metathesis (CM) reactions. While both type-I olefins are suitable CM partners for this transformation, we observed synthetically useful conversions only with type-II olefin crotonaldehyde. For economic reasons, isoeugenol, a cheap xylochemical available from renewable lignocellulose or from clove oil, is the preferred type-I CM partner. Nearly quantitative conversions to coniferyl aldehyde by the CM reaction of isoeugenol and crotonaldehyde can be obtained at ambient temperature without a solvent or at high substrate concentrations of 2 mol.L-1 with the second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst. Under these conditions, the ratio of reactants can be reduced to 1:1.5 and catalyst loadings as low as 0.25 mol % are possible. The high reactivity of the isoeugenol/crotonaldehyde combination in olefin metathesis reactions was demonstrated by a short synthesis of the natural product 7-methoxywutaifuranal, which was obtained from isoeugenol in a 44% yield over five steps. We suggest that the superior performance of crotonaldehyde in the CM reactions investigated can be rationalized by "methylene capping", i.e., the steric stabilization of the propagating Ru-alkylidene species.
Bottom, top, or in between
(2022)
Attractive label-free plasmonic optical fiber sensors can be developed by cleverly choosing the arrangement of plasmonic nanostructures and other building blocks. Here, the final response depends very much on the alignment and position (stacking) of the individual elements. In this work, three different types of fiber optic sensing geometries fabricated by simple layer-by-layer stacking are presented, consisting of stimulus-sensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (polyNIPAM) microgel arrays and plasmonic nanohole arrays (NHAs), namely NHA/polyNIPAM, polyNIPAM/NHA, polyNIPAM/NHA/polyNIPAM. Their optical response to a representative stimulus, namely temperature, is investigated. NHA/polyNIPAM monitors the volume phase transition of polyNIPAM microgels through changes in the spectral position and the amplitude of the reflection minimum of plasmonic NHA. In contrast, polyNIPAM/NHA shows a more complex response to the swelling and collapse of polyNIPAM microgels in their reflectance spectra. The most pronounced changes in optical response are observed by monitoring the amplitude of the reflectance minimum of this sensor during heating/cooling cycles. Finally, the triple stack of polyNIPAM/NHA/polyNIPAM at the end of a optical fiber tip combines the advantages of the NHA/polyNIPAM, polyNIPAM/NHA double stacks for optical sensing. The unique layer-by-layer stacking of microgel and nanostructure is customizable and can be easily adopted for other applications.
The use of a catalyst support for the design of nanoscale heterogeneous catalysts based on cerium oxide offers vast possibilities for future catalyst development, particularly with regard to an increased focus on the use of renewable biogas and an emerging hydrogen economy. In this study, zirconia-supported ceria catalysts were synthesized, activated by using different thermochemical treatments, and characterized by way of temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), oxygen storage capacity, Xray diffraction, electron microscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy using Eu3+ as a spectroscopic probe. Through reduction-oxidation pretreatment routines, reactive pyrochlore structures were created at temperatures as low as 600 degrees C and identified through TPR and electron microscopy experiments. A structural relationship and alignment of the crystal planes is revealed in high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy experiments through the digital diffraction patterns. Low-temperature pretreatment induces the formation of reactive pyrochlore domains under retention of the surface area of the catalyst system, and no further morphological changes are detected. Furthermore, the formation of pyrochlore domains achieved through severe reduction and mild reoxidation (SRMO) treatments is reversible. Over multiple alternating SRMO and severe reduction and severe reoxidation (SRSO) treatments, europium spectroscopy and TPR results indicate that pyrochlore structures are recreated over consecutive treatments, whenever the mild oxidation step at 500 degrees C is the last treatment (SRMO, SRMO-SRSO-SRMO, etc.).
Structure and spatial magnetic properties, through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRSs), of all ten cycl[2.2.2]azine to cycl[4.4.4]azine, hetero-analogues and the corresponding hydrocarbons have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) theory level using the GIAO perturbation method and employing the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) concept. The TSNMRS values (actually, the ring current effect as measurable in H-1 NMR spectroscopy) are visualized as iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSS) of various size and direction, and employed to readily qualify and quantify the degree of (anti)aromaticity. Results are confirmed by NMR [delta(H-1)/ppm, delta(N-15)/ppm] and geometry (planar, twisted, bow-shaped) data. The cyclazines N[2.2.2](-) up to N[2.4.4](-) are planar or at most slightly bowl-shaped and, due to coherent peripheral ring currents (except in N[2.3.3](-), N[2.3.4], N[3.3.4](+) and N[2.4.4](+)), develop aromaticity or anti-aromaticity of the whole molecules dependent on the number of peripheral conjugated pi electrons. The cyclazines N[2.3.3](-), N[2.3.4], N[3.3.4](+) and N[2.4.4](+) develop two ring currents of different direction within the same molecule, in which the dominating ring current proves to be paratropic (in N[3.3.4](+) diatropic) including the nodal N p(z) lone pair into the conjugation. The residual cyclazines N[3.4.4], N[4.4.4](-) and N[4.4.4](+) are heavily twisted and, therefore, are not developing peripheral or diverse ring currents. The TSNMRS information about cyclazines and the parent tricyclic annulene analogues is congruent subject to structure and number of peripheral or internal conjugated pi electrons, the corresponding (anti)aromaticity is in unequivocal accordance with Huckel's rule.
The molecular structures of three closely related isoflavones have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and have been analysed by geometry matching with the CSD, Hirshfeld surface analysis and analysis of stacking interactions with the Aromatic Analyser program (CSD). The formation of the supramolecular structure by non-covalent interactions was studied and substantial differences in the macroscopic properties e.g., the solubility, were correlated with hydrogen bonding and pi-stacking interactions. Moreover, a correlation between the supramolecular structure, the torsion angle (between benzopyran group and aryl group), and macroscopic properties was determined in the three compounds.