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§ 56 Schulpflicht
(2020)
Klimaschutzklagen
(2023)
The Paris Agreement enshrines the triad of mitigation, adaptation and resilience. In this connection, climate protection lawsuits are increasingly being filed. The question for the courts is whether or not they are functionally overburdened in view of the dimension of climate change and transformation. They will have to find a path between non-functional activism and misplaced restraint. Adapted from the usual introductory question for civil law cases, «Who wants what out of what from whom?», an overview of the subjects of dispute will be provided. Subsequently, the challenges of the courts of lower instance and the Federal Constitutional Court with regard to the separation of powers and the principle of democracy are presented. Particular attention is paid to the climate decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of March 24th, 2021.
Pensionskassen
(2022)
Die Kapitalanlage von Pensionskassen in Investmentfonds wird dadurch erschwert, dass sich die sie betreffenden aufsichts- und steuerrechtlichen Normen widersprechen. Die den Pensionskassen aufsichtsrechtlich zugestandene Kaitalanlage, wird durch die aktuelle Lesart ihrer Steuerbefreiung beschränkt. Die Steuerbefreiung soll demnach entfallen, soweit die Pensionskasse durch die Kapitalanlage gewerbliche Einkünfte erzielt. Dann sei die dauernde Einkünfte- und Vermögensbindung für die Zwecke der Kasse nach § 5 Abs. 1 Nr. 3 lit. c KStG nicht gesichert. Das benachteiligt die Pensionskassen bei der Erwirtschaftung von Rentenleistungen. Zugleich findet diese Lesart bei der Auslegung der entsprechenden steuerrechtlichen Normen keinen Zuspruch.
Der BGH schreibt die ueberlieferte Rechtsfigur der verdeckten Sasheinlage im Aktienrecht noch einmal zusammenfassend fest. Tilman Bezzenberger (JZ 2007, 946) stimmt dem Urteil im Ergebnis und in der Begruendung zu, ruft aber auch in Erinnerung, dass der Gerechtigkeitsgehalt der zu Grunde liegenden Gesetzesregeln fragwuerdig ist.
The steadily rising number of investor-State arbitration proceedings within the EU has triggered an extensive backlash and an increased questioning of the international investment law regime by different Member States as well as the EU Commission. This has resulted in the EU's assertion of control over the intra-EU investment regime by promoting the termination of bilateral intra-EU investment treaties (intra-EU BITs) and by opposing the jurisdiction of arbitral tribunals in intra-EU investor-State arbitration proceedings. Against the backdrop of the landmark Achmea decision of the European Court of Justice, the book offers an in depth analysis of the interplay of international investment law and the law of the European Union with regard to intra-EU investments, i.e. investments undertaken by an investor from one EU Member State within the territory of another EU Member State. It specifically analyses the conflict between the two investment protection regimes applicable within the EU with a particular emphasis on the compatibility of the international legal instruments with the law of the European Union. The book thereby addresses the more general question of the relationship between EU law and international law and offers a conceptual framework of intra-European investment protection based on the analysis of all intra-EU BITs, the Energy Charter Treaty and EU law, as well as the arbitral practice in over 180 intra-EU investor-State arbitration proceedings. Finally, the book develops possible solutions to reconcile the international legal standards of protection with the regionalized transnational law of the European Union
Auftrag und Möglichkeiten der Kommission für Friedenskonsolidierung im System der Vereinten Nationen
(2019)
Vor dem Hintergrund der international steigenden Zahl an Konfliktrückfällen insbesondere im Anschluss an bereits offiziell für beendet erklärte Bürgerkriege und die daraus folgende zunehmende Relevanz von Peacebuilding-Maßnahmen der internationalen Gemeinschaft, wird in diesem Beitrag die Arbeit der Kommission für Friedenskonsolidierung der Vereinten Nationen untersucht. Einerseits werden hierbei, nach einigen einführenden Erläuterungen zum Begriff der Friedenskonsolidierung an sich sowie der Zusammensetzung und Funktionsweise der Kommission, zunächst ihre einzelnen Aufträge systematisch unter Einordnung in den Kontext des Peacebuilding-Systems der Vereinten Nationen herausgearbeitet und eine auswertende Bilanz unter ihre bisherige Erfüllung gezogen. Daran anschließend erfolgt eine Darstellung der zukünftigen Möglichkeiten der Kommission im Bereich der Friedenskonsolidierung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihres Potenzials innerhalb des Systems der Vereinten Nationen sowie der einschlägigen völkerrechtlichen Aspekte.
In February 2020, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) delivered a landmark decision in which it held Argentina responsible for the violation of several rights of 132 indigenous communities inhabiting a certain area in the province of Salta. In the Case of the Indigenous Communities of the Lhaka Honhat (Our Land) Association v. Argentina the IACtHR declared for the first time an autonomous violation of the right to a healthy environment and other DESCA (Economic, Social, Cultural and Environmental rights). Thereby, it further developed its case law on the direct justiciability of DESCA on the basis of Article 26 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) that was first established in Lagos del Campo in 2017. Focusing on the right to a healthy environment and the right to water the authors critically examine how the Court derived the direct justiciability of DESCA. In the following, the contribution examines to what extent the right to a healthy environment has been specified in the current judgment compared to the initial outline of this right by the Court in its Advisory Opinion No. 23. The analysis also deals with the question whether the facts of the case were at all suitable for such a specification and what general value could be added by an autonomous examination of DESCA. Finally, the contribution ends with a mixed conclusion on the significance of the judgment and a thoughtful outlook on the future development of the case law on Art. 26 ACHR.
How do the rights of same-sex couples have to be ensured by states, and which kind of environmental obligations are induced by the right to life and to personal integrity? Questions as diverse and far-reaching as these are regularly dealt with by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in its advisory function. This book is the first comprehensive, non-Spanish-written treatise on the advisory function of this Court. It analyzes the scope of the Court's advisory jurisdiction and its procedural practice in comparison with that of other international courts. Moreover, the legal effects of the Court’s advisory opinions and the question when the Court should better reject a request for an advisory opinion are examined.