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Einsatz einer mobilen Lern-App - Ein Werkzeug zur Verbesserung von klinisch-praktischem Unterricht
(2018)
Der Unterricht am Krankenbett ist im Medizinstudium eine wertvolle Möglichkeit klinisch-praktische Fertigkeiten zu erlernen. Eine optimale Vorbereitung der Studierenden ist dabei Voraussetzung. Eine mobile Lern-App wurde entwickelt, die den Studierenden, neben Lernzielen, Kursinhalte und Anleitungen zu Untersuchungstechniken bietet, um die Vorbereitung auf einen klinisch-praktischen Kurs zu fördern und Kurzinformationen auch während des Kurses zur Verfügung zu stellen. 175 Studierende hatten die Möglichkeit die App parallel zu einem klinischen Untersuchungs-Kurs im Semester zu nutzen. Im Anschluss beantworteten die Studierenden einen Fragebogen zur Nützlichkeit und Vielseitigkeit der App und zur Zufriedenheit mit der App unter Verwendung eine 5-Punkt-Likert-Skala und zwei offenen Fragen. In diesem Beitrag wird das Kurskonzept zusammen mit der Lern-App, die Ergebnisse aus dem Fragebogen und unsere Schlussfolgerungen daraus vorgestellt. Studierende bewerteten die App grundsätzlich als hilfreich. Sie sollte dabei gründlich eingeführt werden. Patienten sollten über die Nutzung von Smartphones im Studentenunterricht zu Lernzwecken informiert werden.
La tesis de esta contribución es que las investigaciones de Alexander von Humboldt ejemplifican un ‘programa de investigación progresivo’ (Imre Lakatos 1978). Examino la propuesta de Adolf Meyer- Abich (1968) de que el método de Humboldt se deriva de un vitalismo inicial y luego desmentido por el científico. Yo propongo, sin embargo, que en realidad es el principio humboldtiano de buscar la unidad en la naturaleza el cual funciona como ‘principio regulativo’, y por consiguiente motiva al investigador a buscar evidencia empírica de relaciones sistémicas entre fenómenos y condicionamientos geográfico-climáticos. Desde este punto de vista es justamente este principio metódico el que empuja a Humboldt a atravesar grandes alturas y latitudes. La visita a Tenerife y al Teide le da una confirmación contundente de la validez de su principio. Concluyo que la influencia de su método en la creación de nuevas ciencias, tales como la biogeografía y la ecología, constituyen razones suficientes para suponer ejemplar el trabajo científico de Humboldt como ‘programa de investigación progresivo’.
Zwischen Pflicht und Kür
(2018)
Alexander von Humboldts Erläuterungen zu Öfen für die Herstellung von Keramik- und Glaserzeugnissen
(2018)
Der Aufsatz macht den Leser mit einem in der Regel wenig bekannten Aspekt aus Alexander von Humboldts Tätigkeit bekannt, seiner Beschäftigung mit den für das Brennen von Keramik und das Schmelzen von Glas genutzten Öfen. Das erfolgte in der Zeit von 1792–1797 im Zusammenhang mit seiner Tätigkeit als Bergbeamter im Auftrag des preußischen Königs in dessen Fürstentümern Ansbach und Bayreuth. In Gutachten und Berichten äußerte sich Humboldt zu Ofenkonstruktionen und Hilfsmitteln für die Hochtemperaturprozesse. Er analysierte Ursachen für das Misslingen von Bränden sowie Schmelzen und unterbreitete Vorschläge zu ihrer Verbesserung. Verschiedene konstruktive Änderungen bei Reparaturen der vorhandenen Öfen im Steingutwerk Rheinsberg sowie in der Porzellanmanufaktur Bruckberg gingen auf Humboldt zurück. Die Entscheidung zum Bau eines zweietagigen Rundofens in der Königlichen Porzellanmanufaktur Berlin wurde wahrscheinlich durch ihn beschleunigt. Seine Darstellungen werden anhand von Skizzen erläutert.
An academic project of translating the Babylonian Talmud into Japanese was initiated by a president of private jewelry company in 1986 and sixteen volumes of it were published with the collaboration of more than ten Japanese scholars of the Bible and Judaism until 2016. In order to make an assessment for possible impacts of this translation on Japanese cultural revitalization, the author tried to perceive the collision and struggles the Talmud has faced in transmitting itself to later generations even to the present days as it has still claimed its universal validity. It will be helpful to envisage Jewish intellectuals of the subsequent generations wondering what it was to live according to the Torah and the Talmud and how they coped with difficulties in facing the collision of foreign cultural impacts especially in the modern era. As the Japanese people had been profoundly influenced by Buddhism before the modern era, the assumption of the similarity between the Buddhist notion of enlightenment through transmission of the ineffable truth and the similar notion of Rabbinic Judaism will help prospect the possible influence of the Jewish scripture. This Buddhist notion had been most successfully developed in the tradition of Zen Buddhism in Japan. Furthermore this notion was fully and more influentially developed in the sphere of education of Japanese military ruling class and their cultural achievements before the modern era. So we suppose that Jewish endeavors in the Talmudic studies facing collisions and struggles against western impacts will give some insights in considering Japanese struggles against, and responses to, the forceful impacts of the modern West upon our traditional value system.
Jeder Jurist ein Ethiker
(2018)
Seeming consensus has formed among legal scholars and practitioners that a rising China seeks changes in rules and institutions of international law. Yet, attendant accounts of how such changes may and already do restructure global legal order remain relatively underdeveloped. An observed rise in the international rule of law during immediate post-Cold War years has now been disrupted by a confluence of regional shifts in geopolitical power and contestation of law’s normative foundations by newly empowered states. In these circumstances, advocates for stability and continuity in variations of the “liberal international order” or “rules-based order” have sought to defend the authority and resilience of universally defined international legal norms against various regional challenges to the boundary between law and politics. Yet, as both global power and universal conceptions of law fragment, so too will the presumed equilibrium between international law’s political and normative foundations. Signs of fragmentation are now conspicuously playing out in East and Southeast Asia, where the relative rise of China is amplified by alternative Chinese conceptions of foundations and purposes of global legal order. This working paper introduces the concept of “geolegal power” to describe the competitive logic of a territorially bounded leading state restructuring interpretation and development of legal rules and institutions, which is emerging more explicitly within regional subsystems. Fragmentation of the international rule of law by a rising Chinese “geolegal order” is demonstrated by contested maritime rules in three key areas: freedom of navigation; third-party and judicial settlement; and, territorial claims under UNCLOS. Evidence that China is carving out an effective subsystem of rules designated as “law” in the most consequential of security and geopolitical domains poses a critical challenge to the structure of a unified and universal system of international law. Legal scholars and practitioners must better grasp reconfiguring foundations of international law in order to address rising orders of “geolegal power”, in which the regional meaning and operation of law is no longer reconcilable within the terms of an “international” rule of law.
This paper assesses, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the work of the Peace and Security Council (PSC) of the African Union (AU) with respect to peace support operations. It seeks to know whether the establishment of the PSC in 2002 is leading or has led to a rise or a decline of collective security in Africa. It is demonstrated that in regard to its relative legal and institutional robustness, the PSC can be perceived as a rise of collective security compared with its predecessor, the Central Organ of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). However, it stagnates in terms of quantity and quality of actions on the ground. The main problem lies in the lack of sufficient operational autonomy from member states and international partners, such as the United Nations. Therefore, the PSC’s contribution to the maintenance of peace and security, and so the rise of the international rule of law in Africa is limited. The continent is still a war-torn region, affected by political crises and the expansion of terrorism in many countries. To solve this problem, AU member states should strengthen the PSC’s capacity, starting with the quick operationalisation of the African Standby Force. The implementation of the 2016 decision on alternative sources of financing AU’s institutions and activities is also a priority. In this regard, the political will of African states that may show that they want to take their organisation more seriously is required. This can further the AU self-reliance policy in collective security though the promotion of African solutions to African problems, and reduce the burden of the United Nations and other non-African actors’ interventions in the continent.
This article examines the works of Adolf Jellinek (1821–1893) on the history of mysticism and the Kabbalah, which were written during his fourteen-year residence in Leipzig. It argues that studying the Spanish Kabbalists allowed Jellinek to work through ideas concerning the development of Jewish theology and the interplay of Jewish and non-Jewish philosophical perspectives. The article briefly describes Jellinek’s early education and attraction to Leipzig; his first writings on Kabbalah; and concludes with an analysis of his larger philological and genealogical projects on the authorship and literary background of the Zohar. Though Jellinek’s later prominence as a rabbi and preacher in Vienna has had the tendency to obscure his years in Leipzig, it was Jellinek’s work in Saxony that laid the groundwork for most of his subsequent scholarship on Jewish mysticism. This article is a brief introduction to this research and one more step toward revealing the still too often forgotten Wissenschaft interest in the history of Jewish mysticism.
In der dualen IT-Ausbildung als Verbindung von beruflicher und akademischer Qualifikation werden die berufstypischen Werkzeuge, wie z. B. Laptops, ebenso in den Lehr-Lern-Prozessen der akademischen Unterrichtseinheiten eingesetzt. Im Prüfungswesen wird oft auf klassische Papierklausuren zurückgegriffen. Unterrichtseinheiten mit hohem Blended-Learning-Anteil ohne E-Prüfung werden dabei als „nicht konsistent“ wahrgenommen. In diesem Artikel wird eine empirische Studie dargelegt, die untersucht, welche Einflüsse aus der persönlichen Lernbiografie bei den Lehrenden in einer dualen IT-Ausbildung dazu führen können, die Möglichkeiten eines E-Assessments als summative Modulprüfung anzunehmen oder abzulehnen. Beispielhaft wurden in der dargelegten Studie Interviews mit Dozenten geführt und diese hinsichtlich der Verbindung zwischen Lernbiografie, Gestaltung der Didaktik der Lehr-Lern-Prozesse, Zufriedenheit und Veränderungsbereitschaft untersucht.
Matters of Interpretation
(2018)
This article analyses, from a methodological and theoretical perspective, how international legal method deals with change. Section 2 sets the stage, develops a legal perspective on change of norms and values in the international legal order and distinguishes between structural change and norm change. This is followed in sections 3 and 4 by an examination of doctrinal categories that provide techniques to process change in international legal practice. International legal method is equipped with several techniques to process—and to conceptualize and evaluate—change: ‘Formal’ norm change is a matter of the doctrine of sources. International law can also change ‘informally’ through the shifting meaning of norm texts. Both formal and informal change is a matter of interpretation. Therefore, section 5 aims at theorizing interpretive change. It examines the relationship between the sources of law and legal interpretation as categories of change and analyses theoretical perceptions of interpretive change.