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Domain-specific physical activity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness among adults in Germany
(2019)
Background Studies show that occupational physical activity (OPA) has less health-enhancing effects than leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). The spare data available suggests that OPA rarely includes aerobic PAs with little or no enhancing effects on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a possible explanation. This study aims to investigate the associations between patterns of OPA and LTPA and CRF among adults in Germany. Methods 1,204 men and 1,303 women (18-64 years), who participated in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey 2008-2011, completed a standardized sub-maximal cycle ergometer test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Job positions were coded according to the level of physical effort to construct an occupational PA index and categorized as low vs. high OPA. LTPA was assessed via questionnaires and dichotomized in no vs. any LTPA participation. A combined LTPA/OPA variable was used (high OPA/ LTPA, low OPA/LTPA, high OPA/no LTPA, low OPA/no LTPA). Information on potential confounders was obtained via questionnaires (e.g., smoking and education) or physical measurements (e.g., waist circumference). Multi-variable logistic regression was used to analyze associations between OPA/LTPA patterns and VO2max. Results Preliminary analyses showed that less-active men were more likely to have a low VO2max with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.80 for low OPA/LTPA, 1.84 for high OPA/no LTPA and 3.46 for low OPA/no LTPA compared to high OPA/LTPA. The corresponding ORs for women were 1.11 for low OPA/LTPA, 3.99 for high OPA/no LTPA and 2.44 for low OPA/no LTPA, indicating the highest likelihood of low fitness for women working in physically demanding jobs and not engaging in LTPA. Conclusions Findings confirm a strong association between LTPA and CRF and suggest an interaction between OPA and LTPA patterns on CRF within the workforce in Germany. Women without LTPA are at high risk of having a low CRF, especially if they work in physically demanding jobs. Key messages Women not practicing leisure-time physical activity are at risk of having a low cardiorespiratory fitness, especially if they work in physically demanding jobs. Different impact of domains of physical activity should be considered when planning interventions to enhance fitness among the adult population.
Zero-shot learning in Language & Vision is the task of correctly labelling (or naming) objects of novel categories. Another strand of work in L&V aims at pragmatically informative rather than "correct" object descriptions, e.g. in reference games. We combine these lines of research and model zero-shot reference games, where a speaker needs to successfully refer to a novel object in an image. Inspired by models of "rational speech acts", we extend a neural generator to become a pragmatic speaker reasoning about uncertain object categories. As a result of this reasoning, the generator produces fewer nouns and names of distractor categories as compared to a literal speaker. We show that this conversational strategy for dealing with novel objects often improves communicative success, in terms of resolution accuracy of an automatic listener.
Stress and bone health
(2019)
Recent research indicates that non- invasive stimulation of the afferent auricular vagal nerve (tVNS) may modulate various cognitive and affec-tive functions, likely via activation of the locus coeruleus- norepinephrine (LC- NE) system. In a series of ERP studies we found that the attention- related P300 component is enhanced during continuous vagal stimula-tion, compared to sham, which is also related to increased salivary alpha amylase levels (a putative indirect marker for central NE activation). In another study, we investigated the effect of continuous tVNS on the late positive potential (LPP), an electrophysiological index for motivated atten-tion toward emotionally evocative cues, and the effects of tVNS on later recognition memory (1- week delay). Here, vagal stimulation prompted earlier LPP differences (300- 500 ms) between unpleasant and neutral scenes. During retrieval, vagal stimulation significantly improved memory performance for unpleasant, but not neutral pictures, compared to sham stimulation, which was also related to enhanced salivary alpha amylase levels. In line, unpleasant images encoded under tVNS compared to sham stimulation also produced enhanced ERP old/new differences (500- 800 ms) during retrieval indicating better recollection. Taken together, our studies suggest that tVNS facilitates attention, learning and episodic memory, likely via afferent projections to the arousal- modulated LC- NE system. We will, however, also show data that point to critical stimulation parameters (likely duration and frequency) that need to be considered when applying tVNS
JavaScript is the most popular programming language for web applications. Static analysis of JavaScript applications is highly challenging due to its dynamic language constructs and event-driven asynchronous executions, which also give rise to many security-related bugs. Several static analysis tools to detect such bugs exist, however, research has not yet reported much on the precision and scalability trade-off of these analyzers. As a further obstacle, JavaScript programs structured in Node. js modules need to be collected for analysis, but existing bundlers are either specific to their respective analysis tools or not particularly suitable for static analysis.
Editorial
(2019)
Audit - and then what?
(2019)
Current trends such as digital transformation, Internet of Things, or Industry 4.0 are challenging the majority of learning factories. Regardless of whether a conventional learning factory, a model factory, or a digital learning factory, traditional approaches such as the monotonous execution of specific instructions don‘t suffice the learner’s needs, market requirements as well as especially current technological developments. Contemporary teaching environments need a clear strategy, a road to follow for being able to successfully cope with the changes and develop towards digitized learning factories. This demand driven necessity of transformation leads to another obstacle: Assessing the status quo and developing and implementing adequate action plans. Within this paper, details of a maturity-based audit of the hybrid learning factory in the Research and Application Centre Industry 4.0 and a thereof derived roadmap for the digitization of a learning factory are presented.
Introduction
(2019)
This book started as a conversation about successful societies and human development. It was originally based on a simple idea— it would be unusual if, in a society that might be reasonably deemed as successful, its citizens were deeply unhappy. This combination— successful societies and happy citizens— raised immediate and obvious problems. How might one define “success” when dealing, for example, with a society as large and as complex as the United States? We ran into equally major problems when trying to understand “happiness.” Yet one constantly hears political analysts talking about the success or failure of various democratic institutions. In ordinary conversations one constantly hears people talking about being happy or unhappy. In the everyday world, conversations about living in a successful society or about being happy do not appear to cause bewilderment or confusion. “Ordinary people” do not appear to find questions like— is your school successful or are you happily married?— meaningless or absurd. Yet, in the social sciences, both “successful societies” and “happy lives” are seen to be troublesome.
As our research into happiness and success unfolded, the conundrums we discussed were threefold: societal conditions, measurements and concepts. What are the key social factors that are indispensable for the social and political stability of any given society? Is it possible to develop precise measures of social success that would give us reliable data? There are a range of economic indicators that might be associated with success, such as labor productivity, economic growth rates, low inflation and a robust GDP. Are there equally reliable political and social measures of a successful society and human happiness? For example, rule of law and the absence of large- scale corruption might be relevant to the assessment of societal happiness. These questions about success led us inexorably to what seems to be a futile notion: happiness. Economic variables such as income or psychological measures of well- being in terms of mental health could be easily analyzed; however, happiness is a dimension that has been elusive to the social sciences.
In our unfolding conversation, there was also another stream of thought, namely that the social sciences appeared to be more open to the study of human unhappiness rather than happiness.
Interactive Close-Up Rendering for Detail plus Overview Visualization of 3D Digital Terrain Models
(2019)
This paper presents an interactive rendering technique for detail+overview visualization of 3D digital terrain models using interactive close-ups. A close-up is an alternative presentation of input data varying with respect to geometrical scale, mapping, appearance, as well as Level-of-Detail (LOD) and Level-of-Abstraction (LOA) used. The presented 3D close-up approach enables in-situ comparison of multiple Regionof-Interests (ROIs) simultaneously. We describe a GPU-based rendering technique for the image-synthesis of multiple close-ups in real-time.
A fundamental task in 3D geovisualization and GIS applications is the visualization of vector data that can represent features such as transportation networks or land use coverage. Mapping or draping vector data represented by geometric primitives (e.g., polylines or polygons) to 3D digital elevation or 3D digital terrain models is a challenging task. We present an interactive GPU-based approach that performs geometry-based draping of vector data on per-frame basis using an image-based representation of a 3D digital elevation or terrain model only.
Subject-oriented learning
(2019)
The transformation to a digitized company changes not only the work but also social context for the employees and requires inter alia new knowledge and skills from them. Additionally, individual action problems arise. This contribution proposes the subject-oriented learning theory, in which the employees´ action problems are the starting point of training activities in learning factories. In this contribution, the subject-oriented learning theory is exemplified and respective advantages for vocational training in learning factories are pointed out both theoretically and practically. Thereby, especially the individual action problems of learners and the infrastructure are emphasized as starting point for learning processes and competence development.
Gefahr an jeder Ecke
(2019)
Cloud Storage Broker (CSB) provides value-added cloud storage service for enterprise usage by leveraging multi-cloud storage architecture. However, it raises several challenges for managing resources and its access control in multiple Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) for authorized CSB stakeholders. In this paper we propose unified cloud access control model that provides the abstraction of CSP's services for centralized and automated cloud resource and access control management in multiple CSPs. Our proposal offers role-based access control for CSB stakeholders to access cloud resources by assigning necessary privileges and access control list for cloud resources and CSB stakeholders, respectively, following privilege separation concept and least privilege principle. We implement our unified model in a CSB system called CloudRAID for Business (CfB) with the evaluation result shows it provides system-and-cloud level security service for cfB and centralized resource and access control management in multiple CSPs.