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Handbuch Sportspiel
(2005)
Functional groups with diverse responses to environmental factors sum to produce communities with less temporal variability in their biomass than those lacking this diversity. The detection of these compensatory dynamics can be complicated by a spatio-temporal alternation in the environmental factors limiting growth (both abiotic and biotic), which restricts the occurrence of compensatory dynamics to certain periods or locations. Hence, resolving the spatio- temporal scale may uncover important spatial and/or temporal components in community variability. Using long-term data from Lake Constance (Bodensee), we find that a reduction in grazing pressure and relaxed competition for nutrients during winter and spring generates coherent dynamics among edible and less edible phytoplankton. During summer and fall, when both grazing pressure and nutrient limitation are present, edible and less edible phytoplankton exhibit compensatory dynamics. This study supports recent work suggesting that both abiotic and biotic interactions promote compensatory dynamics and to our knowledge, this is the first example of a system where compensatory and coherent dynamics seasonally alternate.
Lake sediments in 10 Ethiopian, Kenyan, and Tanzanian rift basins suggest that there were three humid periods at 2.7 to 2.5 million years ago (Ma), 1.9 to 1.7 Ma, and 1.1 to 0.9 Ma, superimposed on the longer-term aridification of East Africa. These humid periods correlate with increased aridity in northwest and northeast Africa and with substantial global climate transitions. These episodes could have had important impacts on the speciation and dispersal of mammals and hominins, because a number of key events, such as the origin of the genus Homo and the evolution of the species Homo erectus, took place in this region during that time.
The human FP-R (F2alpha prostaglandin receptor) is a Gq-coupled heptahelical ectoreceptor, which is of significant medical interest, since it is a potential target for the treatment of glaucoma and preterm labour. On agonist exposure, it mediates an increase in intracellular inositol phosphate formation. Little is known about the structures that govern the agonist-dependent receptor activation. In other prostanoid receptors, the C-terminal domain has been inferred in the control of agonist-dependent receptor activation. A DRY motif at the beginning of the second intracellular loop is highly conserved throughout the G-protein-coupled receptor family and appears to be crucial for controlling agonist-dependent receptor activation. It is replaced by an ERC motif in the FP-R and no evidence for the relevance of this motif in ligand-dependent activation of prostanoid receptors has been provided so far. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential role of the C-terminal domain and the ERC motif in agonist-controlled intracellular signalling in FP-R mutants generated by site-directed mutagenesis. It was found that substitution of the acidic Glu(132) in the ERC motif by a threonine residue led to full constitutive activation, whereas truncation of the receptor's C-terminal domain led to partial constitutive activation of all three intracellular signal pathways that had previously been shown to be activated by the FP-R, i.e. inositol trisphosphate formation, focal adhesion kinase activation and T-cell factor signalling. Inositol trisphosphate formation and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation were further enhanced by ligand binding in cells expressing the truncation mutant but not the E132T (Glu132-->Thr) mutant. Thus C-terminal truncation appeared to result in a receptor with partial constitutive activation, whereas substitution of Glu132 by threonine apparently resulted in a receptor with full constitutive activity.
Max Aub entres sus culturas
(2005)
Die Macht und ihr Preis : detektorisches Erzählen bei Leonardo Sciascia und Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
(2005)
Leonardo Sciascia und Manuel Vázquez Montalbán zählen zu den meistbeachteten Autoren der italienischen und spanischen Literatur der vergangen Jahrzehnte, und beide haben sich diesen Rang zunächst mit Kriminalromanen erschrieben - in einer Zeit, in der das Genre noch mit dem Makel des Trivialen behaftet war. Dank ihrer Vorarbeit sind kriminalistische Erzählmuster, die die Studie im Begriff des "detektorischen Erzählens" faßt, in den letzten zwanzig Jahren auch in Italien und Spanien Teil der Höhenkammliteratur. In der kontrastiven Analyse ausgewählter Romane sowie politischer und literaturtheoretischer Essays beider Autoren verfolgt die Arbeit die Ausdifferenzierung des detektorischen Erzählens bis in die neunziger Jahre und weist nach, daß die Detektion ge-sellschaftlicher Machtverhältnisse als aufklärerisches Ideal den roten Faden beider Gesamtwerke bildet; wobei zuletzt auch kritisch nach der (Macht-) Position Sciascias und Vázquez Montalbáns im literarischen Feld gefragt wird