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Content: 1. Introduction 2. Early Examples of the AFP in Hiberno-English 3. Assessments of the Evidence 4. Attempts to Explain the Early HE Construction 5. Distribution and Function of the AFP in EMI and HE 5.1. The AFP with the Future Tense in Irish 5.2. The AFP with the Secondary Future or Conditional 5.3. The AFP with the Subjunctive 5.5. Functions of the AFP in Early Modern Irish and HE 6. The Restriction of the AFP to the Recent Perfect 7. Conclusions
The present thesis looks at cultural conceptualisations in relation to DEATH in Irish English from a Cultural Linguistic perspective and puts a special focus on the diachronic development of these conceptualisations. For the study, a corpus consisting of 1,400 death notices from the Dublin-based national newspaper The Irish Times from 14 historical periods between 1859 and 2023 was compiled, resulting in a highly specialised 70,000-word corpus. First, the manual qualitative analysis of the death notices produced evidence for eight superordinate cultural conceptualisations surrounding DEATH, namely, in the order of their frequency THE DEAD ARE TO BE REMEMBERED OR REGRETTED, DEATH IS SOMETHING POSITIVE, DEATH IS REST, DEATH IS A JOURNEY, DYING IS THE BEGINNING OF ANOTHER LIFE, DEATH IS (NOT) A TABOO, DEATH IS GOD’S WILL, and DEATH IS THE END. These conceptualisations were derived from linguistic expressions in the death notices that have these conceptualisations as a cognitive basis. Second, the quantitative comparison of the individual conceptualisations detected diachronic variation, which is interconnected with historical and social developments in Ireland. The thesis, therefore, illustrates the applicability of Cultural Linguistics as an adequate method for diachronic studies interested in culturally determined developments of conceptualisations.
Deep into the second half of the twentieth century the traditionalist definition of India as a country of villages remained dominant in official political rhetoric as well as cultural production. In the past two decades or so, this ruralist paradigm has been effectively superseded by a metropolitan imaginary in which the modern, globalised megacity increasingly functions as representative of India as a whole. Has the village, then, entirely vanished from the cultural imaginary in contemporary India? Addressing economic practices from upper-class consumerism to working-class family support strategies, this paper attempts to trace how ‘the village’ resurfaces or survives as a cultural reference point in the midst of the urban.
Rezensiertes Werk:
George, Rosemary Marangoly, Indian English and the Fiction of National Literature - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. - Hb. viii, 285 pp. - (Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik ; 62(4)) ISBN 978-1-107-04000-7.
Content: 1. Introduction 2. Getting to the Seen from the Unseen 2.1. The Theory of the Zones 2.2. Brief Comments on Mechanism 3. The Areal Evidence: Shared Features and Their Dialectal Provenance 4. Explaining the Evidence Seen 4.1. Why It Is Not Due to Mere Misleading Coincidence 4.2. Why It Is Not Due to French Influence 4.3. Why It Is Not Due to Norse Influence 4.4. Why It Is Not Due to English Influence over Brittonic 4.5. Why It Is Due to Brittonic Influence 5. Conclusion 5.1. The Areal Pattern and Its Explanation 5.2. Substrate versus Superstrate 5.3. Some Final Arguments, and Good Questions 6. Addenda
Content: 1. Preverbal Composition in Old Irish and Old English 2. The Shape of the Modern Irish Verbal Lexeme 3. Particle Verbs in Irish and English 3.1. Definitions: Phrasal Verb or Prepositional Verb? 3.2. Examples 3.3. Obvious Similarities 3.4. Irish English Peculiarities 4. The Abolition of Verbal Composition in Irish and English – Parallels and Differences in Historical Syntax 5. Conclusions
Anchored in ink
(2023)
This book serves as a gateway to the Elementa grammaticae Huronicae, an eighteenth-century grammar of the Wendat (‘Huron’) language by Jesuit Pierre-Philippe Potier (1708–1781). The volume falls into three main parts. The first part introduces the grammar and some of its contexts, offering information about the Huron-Wendat and Wyandot, the early modern Jesuit mission in New France and the Jesuits’ linguistic output. The heart of the volume is made up by its second part, a text edition of the Elementa. The third part presents some avenues of research by way of specific case studies.
Pedagogy of integrity
(2019)
The master thesis “Pedagogy of Integrity: an Analysis of the Conceptualization and Implementation of the MA Program Anglophone Modernities in Literature and Culture” deals with colonial patterns in higher education practices. It provides a theoretical framework for decolonization of academic teaching-learning practices on the micro- and meso-didactic levels and suggests concrete solutions for the decolonized education practices, especially for degree programs, which content focuses on post-colonial issues. Besides, through the exemplary analysis of the conceptualization and implementation of the MA Program Anglophone Modernities in Literature and Culture the work explores patterns of colonial heritage as well as will to decolonise these. The main thesis claims that (higher) education should be liberated from colonial patterns, so that real participation for all students in the collective knowledge production becomes possible.
In the theoretical elaborations different concepts of critical and radical pedagogy, e.g. the ones of Paulo Freire and bell hooks, in combination with concepts about modalities of adult learning (e.g. transformative learning) and approaches to education, seeking to combine learning and social justice (e.g. Social Justice Learning) are systematised and explored for their substance and potential to contribute to a criteria catalogue for decolonised educational practises. Besides, attention is paid on higher education research results, which reveal, that students, who belong to underrepresented groups at university (non-traditional students) in their societies of origin, face more difficulties and discrimination as international students at Western universities, than ‘traditional’ international students do. Based on the theoretical elaborations, the work claims that:
(1) the homogeneity-preserving dynamics, found in Western colleges, are an inheritance of colonial time and mindsets, which continue to function in education and multiply social inequality in the context of internationalization, migration, and participation;
(2) all, but especially those higher educational programs, dealing explicitly with inequality phenomena, social and cultural diversity, power relations and issues of domination, as well as with postcolonial criticism, should establish premises of equity and provide de-facto equal opportunities for participation through embodiment of social justice as a way to remain credible;
(3) decolonization of the educational space can be enabled through appropriate didactic action both on the meso- (institution) and micro-didactical (teaching-learning arrangements) agency levels with sufficient will and willingness of responsible professionals at.
By examining representative documents, published by the MA Program Anglophone Modernities in Literature and Culture, using the 'close reading' methodology, as well as through the exemplary analysis of the concept of a teaching-learning program’s event and a student survey, the work seeks to examine wo what extent the Master's Degree Program represents a space of decolonised higher education. The results of the analysis indicate the need for stronger normative value-positioning of the Study program, while many practices that show commitment to participation, social justice and diversity, have been identified.
In the last chapter, the results of the theoretical elaboration and the program’s analysis are synthesized in the concept of an integrity-based pedagogy conceptualisation, called Pedagogy of Integrity, and suggestions are formulated for the teaching practice in the study program, which are meant to help overcome the discrepancy between will and practice towards decolonised educational space.
Der gemeinsame Wandel der inselkeltischen Sprachen wie auch des Englischen vom vorwiegend synthetischen Typus zum vorwiegend analytischen Typus läßt sich vermutlich auf einen ca. 1500 Jahre dauernden intensiven Sprachenkontakt zwischen diesen Sprachen zurückführen. Heute ist das Englische die analytischste Sprache der Britischen Inseln und Irlands, gefolgt vom Walisischen, Bretonischen und Irischen. Letzteres ist von den genannten Sprachen noch am weitesten morphologisch komplex.
Extract: [...]Of all the print-media newspapers are the most commonly used. They are not literature in the sense of belles letters, but they should not be underestimated in their political, social and personal importance. No other printed product is as closely linked with everyday life as the newspapers. The day begins under their influence, and their contents mirror the events of the day with varying accuracy. Newspapers are strongly reader-oriented. They want to inform, but they also want to instil opinions. Specific choices of information shape the content level. Specific choices of language are resorted to in order to spread opinions and viewpoints. Language creates solidarity between the producers and the consumers of newspapers and thereby supports ideologies by specifically targeted linguistic means. Other strategies are employed for the same purpose, too. Visual aspects are of great importance, such as the typographical layout, the use of pictures, drawings, colours, fonts, etc.[...]
This paper argues that the texts surviving from the Old English period do not reflect the spoken language of the bulk of the population under Anglo-Saxon elite domination. While the Old English written documents suggest that the language was kept remarkably unchanged, i.e. was strongly monitored during the long OE period (some 500 years!), the spoken and "real Old English" is likely to have been very different and much more of the type of Middle English than the written texts. "Real Old Engish", i.e. of course only appeared in writing after the Norman Conquest. Middle English is therefore claimed to have begun with the 'late British' speaking shifters to Old English. The shift patterns must have differed in the various part of the island of Britain, as the shifters became exposed to further language contact with the Old Norse adstrate in the Danelaw areas and the Norman superstrate particularly in the South East, the South West having been least exposed to language contact after the original shift from 'Late British' to Old English. This explains why the North was historically the most innovative zone. This also explains the conservatism of the present day dialects in the South West. It is high time that historical linguists acknowledge the arcane character of the Old English written texts.
Swearing in a public place
(2017)
The paper deals with the usage of swear words on the online forum "reddit". Three research questions are dealt with:
How often are swear words used?
How are these swear words received by other users?
Does the topic of the conversation have an influence on the reception and amount of usage of swear words?
The corpus from which the results are taken comprises almost 900 million words. The words are taken from February 2017. Compared to other, similar studies, the corpus is considerably larger and contempory.
In addition, the theoretical part discusses the linguistic basics of swear words. These include concepts such as the theory of politeness, the topic of taboos and its corresponding words and censorship. This is done to explain the factors that influence the use and application of swear words and to explain why swearwords are so special in comparison to other word groups. In addition, further research results from other corpora are presented and compared with the results afterwards. This includes corpora that are also composed of online communication, as well as corpora that reproduce spoken language. The results from all the corpora presented deal with results from the English language.
The results of this study indicate that the swear words on "reddit" are used approximately as often as they are on other platforms. The perception of these swear words is mostly positive, which suggests that the use of swear words on "reddit" is not perceived as impolite. In addition, an influence of the discussion topic on the frequency and reception of swear words could be determined.
Extract: [...]The New English Dictionary, later to become the Oxford English Dictionary, was first published between 1884 and 1928. To add new material, two supplements were issued after this, the first in 1933, and another, more extensive one between 1972 and 1986. In 1989, the Oxford English Dictionary, second edition (OED2) was published, which integrated the material from the original dictionary and the supplements into a single alphabetical sequence. However, virtually all material contained in this edition still remained in the form in which it was originally published. This is the edition most commonly used today, as it forms the basis of the Oxford English Dictionary Online and is also still being sold in print and on CD-ROM. In 1991, a new project started to revise the entire dictionary and bring its entries up to date, both in terms of English usage and in terms of associated scholarship, such as encyclopaedic information and etymologies. The scope was also widened, placing a greater emphasis on English spoken outside Britain. The revision of the dictionary began with the letter M, and the first updated entries were published online in March 2000 (OED3). Quarterly publication of further material has extended the range of revised entries as far as PROTEOSE n. (June 2007). New words from all parts of the alphabet have been published alongside the regular revision.[...]
Extract: [...]The Roman conquest of what was to become the province of Gallia Narbonensis in the second and then of the whole of Transalpine Gaul in the first century B.C. led to the incorporation into the Roman empire of a large part of the territory in which Gaulish was then spoken.1 In consequence, the vernacular rapidly lost its footing at least in public life and was soon replaced by Latin, the language of the new masters, which enjoyed higher prestige (cf. e.g. Meid 1980: 7-8). On the other hand, Gaulish continued to be written for some three centuries and was probably used in speech even longer, especially in rural areas. We must therefore posit a prolonged period of bilingualism. The effects of this situation on the Latin spoken in the provinces of Gaul seem to have been rather limited. A number of lexical items, mostly from the field of everyday life, and some phonetic characteristics are the sole testimonies of a Gaulish substratum in the variety of Latin that was later to develop into the Romance dialects of France (cf. Meid 1980: 38, fn. 77). [...]