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Losgelöst vom eurozentrischen Systemdenken sowie den Vorurteilen der Philosophie und Wissenschaften bediente sich Alexander von Humboldt eines transnationalen Wissensreservoirs, das er in seinen Werken zu einem länder- und sprachübergreifenden Wissensnetzwerk verband. Die vorliegende quantitative Auswertung der intertextuellen Bezüge des Essai politique sur le royaume de la Nouvelle-Espagne zeigt zum einen deren Vielzahl und Komplexität auf, zum anderen, inwieweit Humboldt sich zwischen zwei sich diskursiv abgrenzenden Welten bewegt und sich unabhängig von der Abstammung oder Herkunft der Autoren mit deren Forschungsergebnissen auseinandersetzt. Der relativ große Anteil an amerikanischen Werken, auf die Humboldt in seinem Essai Bezug nimmt, verdeutlicht im Besonderen den hohen Stellenwert, den sie für seine eigenen Forschungen einnahmen und im Allgemeinen den Beginn der wachsenden Bedeutung der Wissenschaft in Amerika.
Depuis plus de dix ans, les romans de Mathias Énard connaissent un succès qui ne se dément pas. La Perfection du tir en 2003, mais aussi Zone en 2008, Parle-leur de batailles, de rois et d’éléphants en 2010 et Rue des voleurs en 2012 ont remporté des prix littéraires de grand renom. Enfin, le jury du prix Goncourt a opté en 2015 avec Boussole pour un roman dans lequel « l’imagination » romanesque a pour support une époustouflante érudition portant sur l’Orient. Ce volume cherche à éclairer les modalités narratives qui permettent à l’auteur de transformer l’érudition en roman, mais aussi à situer son œuvre dans le contexte littéraire actuel
Vorwort
(2020)
Vivir lo breve
(2020)
El volumen pone de relieve el impacto de los microformatos literarios y artísticos en nuestro pensamiento, analizando aquellas manifestaciones que a diario buscan adiestrarnos en la lectura de textos ultracortos, cuyas dimensiones van del pajarillo de Twitter al programático dinosaurio. Reúne veinte trabajos, firmados por renombrados nanofilólogos, cuyas reflexiones teóricas sobre la clasificación del género y poética ponen de manifiesto una cosmovisión discontinua de la realidad así como nuevas vías de sensibilidad en la convivencia (y supervivencia) cotidiana, social y política. Otras diez contribuciones creativas, procedentes de las letras (por ejemplo, de la tuiteratura) y demás artes (una micropartitura para canto, grafiti, cómic o micrometraje audiovisual), subrayan asimismo el brío de las formas breves.
This book is concerned with the diachronic development of selected topic and focus markers in Spanish, Portuguese and French. On the one hand, it focuses on the development of these structures from their relational meaning to their topic-/ focus-marking meaning, and on the other hand, it is concerned with their current form und use. Thus, Romance topic and focus markers – such as sp. en cuanto a, pt. a propósito de, fr. au niveau de or sentence-initial sp. Lo que as well as clefts and pseudo-clefts – are investigated from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. The author argues that topic markers have procedural meaning and that their function is bound to their syntactic position. An important contribution of this study is the fact that real linguistic evidence (in the form of data from various corpora) is analyzed instead of operating with constructed examples.
This paper is concerned with constructions that express probability and their interaction with the indicative and subjunctive mood, as well as with other contextual elements. In detail, the paper deals with the constructions [sin duda + indicative/subjunctive], [tal vez + indicative/subjunctive], [probablemente + indicative/subjunctive] and [posiblemente + indicative/subjunctive]. In their interaction with mood, the constructions are understood as different microconstructions. For example, [sin duda + indicative] and [sin duda + subjunctive] are seen as different microconstructions of the superordinate
mesoconstruction [modal construction (of probability) + verb]. In a qualitative analysis examples from the CREA, CORPES XXI, and CdE corpora are examined regarding the interaction of [expression of probability] + [mood]. Following the Principle of No Synonymy of Grammatical Forms, the analysis confirms that the use of mood additionally influences the expressed degree of probability of the constructions. For instance, while probablemente generally expresses a slightly higher probability than posiblemente, a fine-tuned analysis
shows that the expressed degrees of probability of [probablemente + subjunctive] and [posiblemente + indicative] are highly similar. This is also often confirmed by further contextual information. In summary, the paper shows that Cognitive Construction Grammar is
a very suitable background against which to investigate modal phenomena, as cognitive approaches generally deal with the ways in which language users conceptualize the world from their own point of view, and as expressions of modality, more precisely, probability,
are also closely related to speakers’ attitudes or perspectives.
The notion of ‘epiphenomenon’ is usually used to exclude certain
aspects of a scientific object because they are considered to be deduced from others. In linguistics, restrictions of the research object were made, invoking the notion of ‘epiphenomenon’, which was partially done with a polemical attitude, and was always responded to polemically. The best-known definition of languages as an epiphenomenon is that proposed by Chomsky, who declared that the specific realisations of language do not warrant scientific attention, but there were early relegations of properties of individual languages to the domain of an epiphenomenon of grammar, to the domain of an art and not a science. These relegations from a certain point of abstraction did advance theories of language, even though they took a point of abstraction that did not correspond to the complexity of language.
Cosa avviene quando coscienze linguistiche distinte, oltre ad essere separate dall’epoca, dall’area geografica di provenienza o dalla differenziazione sociale, dalle diverse dimensioni linguistiche, appartengono anche a domini semiotici diversi? È quel che accade ogni volta che comunichiamo in rete, l’interazione digitale è infatti l’ambito di comunicazione ibrido per eccellenza: in esso alla mescolanza di lingue diverse si sovrappone la mescolanza di codici diversi. Partendo dal presupposto che siano i nuovi bisogni espressivi e le nuove situazioni comunicative a spingere verso le innovazioni linguistiche, sembra dunque interessante tener conto del rilievo assunto dal repertorio visuale – e più in generale multimodale – nell’uso spontaneo dei nuovi media e constatare come le particolari strategie di costruzione del significato attualmente in atto non possano ormai più prescindere da queste seconde dimensioni. Del loro peso nell’uso digitale della lingua è bene avere consapevolezza per affrontare senza pregiudizi tutte le novità ad essa connesse. Un ruolo di centrale importanza nell’approccio al linguaggio verbale in Internet è legato alla funzione indessicale della lingua che, unito alla presenza di un archivio di riferimento di conoscenze del mondo condiviso, innesca un nuovo tipo d’inferenzialità nel ricevente. La conversazione attraverso i social network consente infatti azioni che non necessariamente sono presenti nello scambio vis-a-vis, ma che invece sono peculiari di Facebook, Twitter, G+, Instagram, Flickr e in generale dei social network: la condivisione di materiale multimediale di vario genere, l’opzione di richiamare i messaggi relativi a un tema specifico e la possibilità di glossarlo. Il materiale multimediale diventa così al tempo stesso parte integrante della comunicazione e modalità espressiva, focus del discorso e linguaggio metaforico condiviso. Questo lavoro di ricerca indaga come ambiti di ricerca diversi, e apparentemente distanti fra loro, possano interagire produttivamente con il panorama scientifico delle scienze del linguaggio, dell’immagine e della comunicazione, giungendo alla formulazione di un modello aggiornato dell'ibridazione linguistica che caratterizza la comunicazione in rete.
Sagenhafte WeltFraktale
(2020)
This article presents and discusses João Guimarães Rosa as an outstanding Brazilian author whose literary work, especially Sagarana, expresses aesthetically different ways of life-forms between human beings, animals, plants, and landscapes. Movement and transformations are the basic principles in which the melody of prose expresses itself as a language in and as motion. Although based in Brazilian culture, Rosa shows the conviviality of different logics which are not reduced to one myth of the Brazilian people, but produce multiple ways of co-existence between different life-forms and culture narratives. The translingual title “Sagarana” already alludes to the transitions between two languages, regions, and cultures: the Icelandic “saga-” and the Tupic-Word “rana” which means “similar” or “alike.” The interpretation figures out the correlation of different provenances (“Herkünfte”) which emerge from Rosa’s craft of storytelling. In its center, the Sertão arises as a region of nature whose forces are connected with the life of human beings. As fractal of the world, it symbolizes Brazilian relations as a world of its own and at the same time as a part of the world of others. From this point of view the essay turns world literature upside down: it emphasizes on the one hand that the epoch of world literature since Goethe has come to an end and that the meridian has shifted to Latin America. On the other hand it can be observed that the lusophonic world between Brazil and Angola, Portugal and Kap Verde develops new perspectives on literatures of the world beyond the fixed coordinations of periphery and center. Rosa’s ways of world making already shift the perspective from the local to the global as a miniatured model of a universe which reveals interpretations of a better understanding of the world as world fractals.
Roland Barthes
(2020)