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"Gefallen geht über Verstehen" - kalkulierte Offenheit als semantische Strategie in Kontaktanzeigen
(1998)
Die Arbeit befasst sich auf der Ebene des Textes mit der Frage nach dem Textproduzenten der Buchform des Dramas. Gibt es im Drama ähnlich wie in der Epik oder Lyrik eine vermittelnde Instanz? Und sind die Nebentexte tatsächlich als Anweisungen oder nicht doch eher als Hinweise zu verstehen? Am Beispiel des expressionistischen Dramas "Geschehen" von August Stramm werden die vorherigen Überlegungen überprüft und für eine Textanalyse fruchtbar gemacht.
Ionic liquids are well known for their high gas absorption capacity. It is shown that this is not a solvent constant, but can be enhanced by another factor of 10 by pore confinement, here of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimOAc) in the pores of carbon materials. A matrix of four different carbon compounds with micro- and mesopores as well as with and without nitrogen doping is utilized to investigate the influence of the carbons structure on the nitrogen uptake in the pore-confined EmimOAc. In general, the absorption is most improved for IL in micropores and in nitrogen-doped carbon. This effect is so large that it is already seen in TGA and DSC experiments. Due to the low vapor pressure of the IL, standard volumetric sorption experiments can be used to quantify details of this effect. It is reasoned that it is the change of the molecular arrangement of the ions in the restricted space of the pores that creates additional free volume to host molecular nitrogen.
The aim of this study was to develop a one-step synthesis of gold nanotriangles (NTs) in the presence of mixed phospholipid vesicles followed by a separation process to isolate purified NTs. Negatively charged vesicles containing AOT and phospholipids, in the absence and presence of additional reducing agents (polyampholytes, polyanions or low molecular weight compounds), were used as a template phase to form anisotropic gold nanoparticles. Upon addition of the gold chloride solution, the nucleation process is initiated and both types of particles, i.e., isotropic spherical and anisotropic gold nanotriangles, are formed simultaneously. As it was not possible to produce monodisperse nanotriangles with such a one-step procedure, the anisotropic nanoparticles needed to be separated from the spherical ones. Therefore, a new type of separation procedure using combined polyelectrolyte/micelle depletion flocculation was successfully applied. As a result of the different purification steps, a green colored aqueous dispersion was obtained containing highly purified, well-defined negatively charged flat nanocrystals with a platelet thickness of 10 nm and an edge length of about 175 nm. The NTs produce promising results in surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
"Halte fern dem ganzen Lande jedes Verderben..." : Geschichte und Kultur der Juden in Pommern
(1995)
Background:
Cyberhate is a growing form of online aggression against a person or a group based on race, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, gender, religion, or disability. The present study aims to examine psychometric properties of the Coping with Cyberhate Questionnaire, the prevalence of coping strategies in Spanish adolescents, differences in coping strategies based in sex, age, and victim status, and the association between coping with cyberhate and adolescents' mental well-being.
Method:
The sample consisted of 1,005 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old (Mage = 14.28 years, SD = 1.63; 51.9% girls) who completed self-report measures on coping strategies, victimization status, and mental well-being.
Results:
The results of confirmatory factor analyses showed a structure for the Coping with Cyberhate Questionnaire composed of six factors, namely Distal advice, Assertiveness, Helplessness/Selfblame, Close support, Technical coping, and Retaliation. It demonstrated acceptable internal consistency. The three most frequently endorsed coping strategies were Technical coping, Close support, and Assertiveness. In addition, lower Helplessness/Self-blame, and higher Close-support, Assertiveness, and Distal advice were significantly related to adolescents' better mental well-being.
Conclusion:
Prevention programs that educate adolescents about how to deal with cyberhate are needed.
Theoretische Ansätze unter den Oberbegriffen "Hierarchy" und "Scale" sind in der Ökologie seit den 1980er-Jahren entwickelt und intensiv diskutiert worden. Das wissenschaftliche Paradigma kann mit dem Begriff "Hierarchical Patch Dynamics" beschrieben werden. Obwohl auch Anwendungsbezüge diskutiert und konzipiert wurden, hat es in Deutschland bisher in der Landschaftsplanung kein größeres Echo hervorgerufen. Gleichwohl gibt es eine Reihe interessanter Anknüpfungspunkte zwischen Aussagen der ökologischen Hierarchie-Theorie und konkreten landschaftsplanerischen und naturschutzfachliceh Aufgabenstellungen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Grundzüge dieser Theorie bzw. der unter dem Dach des Paradigmas "Hierarchical Patch Dynamics" versammelten theoretischen Ansätze dargestellt. Wesentlich ist die erkenntnistheoretische Grundhaltung, die versucht, unzulässige Verallgemeinerungen oder Absolutheitsansprüche auszuschließen, indem sie zunächst den Gegenstandsbereich der Ökologie beschreibt und analysiert. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Herangehensweisen zur Behandlung ökologischer Fragestellungen vorgeschlagen. Diese Herangehensweisen lassen sich auf landschaftsplanerische Aufgaben übertragen. Es wird gezeigt, für welche Bereiche eine solche Übertragung denkbar wäre. Letztlich bedürfte es einer Praxisüberprüfung, um herauszufinden, ob mit Hilfe von Ansätzen der ökologischen Hierarchie- Theorie die Bearbeitung planerischer Fragestellungen verbessert oder ergänzt werden könnte.
The majority of middle-age children do not meet current physical activity guidelines. There is growing evidence that adults' physical activity is partially influenced by automatic affective processes, which are derived from affective experiences with physical activity.
However, little is known about whether these processes are interrelated with children's physical activity level.
A prospective design was used to examine whether automatic affective processes assessed by an evaluative priming procedure predict physical activity of children.
Physical activity of 48 children (8.71 +/- 0.71 years; 65% girls) was measured for 1 week with activity trackers.
In a linear regression model, automatic affective processes (beta = 0.36) significantly predicted physical activity, accounting for 11.02% of variance.
These results indicate that physical-activity-related automatic affective processes are associated with children's physical activity, as has previously been found in adults.
This study emphasizes the importance of fostering positive affective experiences associated with physical activity during childhood.
Study 1 targets grammatical restrictions, based on a corpus of peer group conversations among adolescents. We show that noncanonical variants have the form of bare NPs with or without preposition and appear in both multilingual and monolingual speech communities, following the same syntactic and semantic patterns. While there is a quantitative advantage for the multilingual group, noncanonical variants generally constitute only a minority compared to canonical full PP[DP]. Study 2 targets usage restrictions across communicative situations, based on a corpus of elicited productions by adolescents from a multilingual urban neighbourhood. Comparisons show significantly more noncanonical local expressions in informal, peer-group situations than in formal ones for both spoken and written modes. Taken together, results indicate a selective, grammatically restricted and register-bound choice of noncanonical local expressions.
Doping use in recreational sports is an emerging issue that has received limited attention so far in the psychological literature. The present study assessed the lifetime prevalence of controlled performance and appearance enhancing substances ( PAES), and used behavioral reasoning theory to identify the reasons for using and for avoiding using controlled PAES in young exercisers across five European countries, in the context of the "SAFE YOU" Project. Participants were 915 young amateur athletes and exercisers (M = 21.62; SD = 2.62) from Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, and UK who completed an anonymous questionnaire that included measures of self-reported use of controlled PAES, as well as reasons for using and not using controlled PAES. The results of the descriptive analyses demonstrated that almost one out five exercisers in the sample had a previous experience with controlled PAES. Higher prevalence rates were found in Greece and Cyprus and lower in Italy. The most frequently reported reasons for using controlled PAES included achieving the desired results faster; pushing the self to the (physical) limits; and recovering faster after exercise/training. Furthermore, the most frequently reported reasons for not using controlled PAES involved worry about any possible adverse health effects; not feeling the need for using them; and wanting to see what can be achieved naturally without using any controlled PAES. The findings of the present study indicate that the use of controlled PAES is fast becoming a crisis in amateur sports and exercise settings and highlight the need for preventive action and concerted anti-doping education efforts.
Der israelische Autor und Journalist Noah Klieger ist in der deutschsprachigen Forschung zur Holocaustliteratur, in deren Kontext theoretische Konzepte und Interpretationen zahlreicher Autoren (u.a. Ruth Klüger, Primo Levi) dieser Gattung vorliegen, bisher kaum beachtet worden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit steht seine 2010 erschienene Autobiographie „Zwölf Brötchen zum Frühstück“ im Zentrum. Innerhalb der Textanalyse wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Bedeutung das Schreiben für Klieger hat und inwieweit seine als Reportage angelegte Autobiographie, die den sehr faktenbezogenen und dokumentarischen Stil des Journalisten widerspiegelt, den Rezipienten in der Interpretation lenkt und Authentizität erzeugt. Ausgehend von dieser Fragestellung werden für die Arbeit geführte Interviews mit Noah Klieger (oral history) einbezogen und der Erlebnisbericht „Ich habe den Todesengel überlebt“ von Eva Mozes-Kor, die das Konzept des Erlebnisberichtes mit all seinen Eigenschaften konstant bewahrt, zum Vergleich hinzugezogen. Im Fokus der Arbeit steht die Analyse der Autobiographie Kliegers, wobei auf das Genre Reportage, relevante Stilmittel, zentrale Begrifflichkeiten und Veröffentlichungskontexte sowie auf die Gedächtnistheorie von Maurice Halbwachs eingegangen werden. Abschließend wird die Thematik des Vergebens bei Klieger und Mozes-Kor erörtert. Die Forschungsergebnisse stellen den israelischen Holocaustüberlebenden Noah Klieger als Autor vor und verdeutlichen, dass die innerhalb der Gattung Holocaustliteratur gewählten Darstellungsweisen unterschiedliche Formen von Authentizität evozieren.
"Il Gattopardo" nella DDR
(2023)
Sulla base di materiale d'archivio inedito si ripercorre l'avvincente storia della prima edizione del Gattopardo nella DDR (1961). È qui analizzata la corsa ad ostacoli del romanzo tra congruenze ed eccezioni che assume i tratti di un giallo letterario. L'opera di un principe defunto scavalca il Muro grazie ad Alfred Kurella, potente funzionario della SED. Nella sua postfazione Il Gattopardo non è canto della decadenza, ma preannuncio di una nuova epoca, manifesto dello Stato in procinto di entrare nell'era socialista. La chiave di lettura è un unicum con una marcata impronta ideologica che ne determina prima la fortuna e poi l'isolamento. Al Gattopardo nella Germania Est Bernardina Rago dà per la prima volta voce.
Der Aufsatz behandelt die Frage, in welcher Weise die Erfahrung einer Illusion und der Vollzug einer Reflexion konstitutive Merkmale der ästhetischen Erfahrung sind. Nach einem weit verbreiteten Verständnis der ästhetischen Erfahrung beschreiben der Begriff der Illusion und der Begriff der Reflexion zwei einander entgegengesetzte Akte: Mit einem Akt der Reflexion machen wir uns eine Illusion bewusst, deren Opfer wir andernfalls waren. Der Beitrag zeigt dagegen, dass im Bereich des Ästhetischen der Begriff der Reflexion keinen Akt beschreibt, der einem Akt der Illusion entgegengesetzt ist. Die Begriffe der Reflexion und Illusion beschreiben hier vielmehr einen einzigen Akt, und zwar so, dass sie hierbei einander wechselseitig erläutern.
Blickt man auf die Entstehung und Entwicklung der Orientwissenschaften im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert zurück, so kann man nicht umhin, festzustellen, dass die maßgebliche Rolle des Pioniers und dann Formgebers hier jüdisch akkulturierten Wissenschaftlern in Europa, insbesondere in Deutschland, zukommt. Orientwissenschaft ist in ihren Anfängen keine lineare Bewegung von westlichen, d.h. christlichen oder noch öfter saekularisierten Forschern hin auf einen islamischen Orient. Sie reflektiert auch keine reine Subjekt-Objekt-Beziehung, wie Edward Saids Konzept Orientalism suggerieren könnte. Vielmehr ist das mit dieser Forschung eröffnete intellektuelle Spannungsfeld nur als ein kreatives Dreiecksverhältnis zu begreifen: Es waren zunächst deutsche Juden, die sich dem "Orient" zuwandten, die mit den im saekularisierten Europa entwickelten Methoden arabistische Textforschung betrieben. Und es waren Angehörige der Wissenschaft des Judentums, die diese von ihnen studierte "orientalische Kultur" - statt sie als exklusives Forschungs-Objekt wahrzunehmen - als Teil ihrer eigenen Kultur begriffen. Diese plurikulturellen "Ursprünge" möchte das hier vorliegende Buch beleuchten. Der von Ernest Renan erhobene Anspruch, der Islam sei "im vollen Licht der Geschichte" entstanden, verdient heute neu reflektiert zu werden: Der Band will zeigen, wie das von der Wissenschaft des Judentums auf den Koran geworfene Schlaglicht auch heute Wege zu einer kulturell offeneren, der islamischen Tradition angemesseneren Wahrnehmung der Grundurkunde des Islam weisen kann.
In August 1997 the Australian Government released the first White Paper ever issued on its foreign policy. As one important element, this essay tries to delineate the pro Asia-Pacific shift of Australia’s international economic and security orientations, particularly since the early 1970s - a foreign policy which could rest upon an certain bipartisan basis. The recently launched White Paper represents a new reflection upon Australia’s national interests and a soft relativisation of the strong emphasis on regional and multilateral foreign policy performances of former governments. According to a least the author’s judgement, the fundamental legacy of Australia’s international relations remain: a certain (a definite?) contradiction between the country’s predominant cultural and ethnic (!) heritage on the one hand and its geographical location on the other.
Von einer kritischen Analyse des Artikels "Deutsche Literatur in der Entscheidung" (1947) von Alfred Andersch ausgehend, fragt die Untersuchung nach dem Spannungsverhältnis von literarischem Engagement im Sinne Sartres und konzeptuellen Leerstellen in der Auseinandersetzung mit der deutschen NS-Vergangenheit, welches sich in dem programmatischen Aufsatz und Anderschs Roman "Die Rote" (1972) nachweisen lässt.
Somewhat surprisingly, inverted ("O-down") CO adsorbates on NaCl(100) were recently observed experimentally after infrared vibrational excitation (Lau et al., Science, 2020, 367, 175-178). Here we characterize these species using periodic density functional theory and a quantum mechanical description of vibrations. We determine stationary points and minimum energy paths for CO inversion, for low (1/8 and 1/4 monolayers (ML)) and high (1 ML) coverages. Transition state theory is applied to estimate thermal rates for "C-down" to "O-down" isomerization and the reverse process. For the 1/4 ML p(1 x 1) structure, two-dimensional and three-dimensional potential energy surfaces and corresponding anharmonic vibrational eigenstates obtained from the time-independent nuclear Schrodinger equation are presented. We find (i) rather coverage-independent CO inversion energies (of about 0.08 eV or 8 kJ mol(-1) per CO) and corresponding classical activation energies for "C-down" to "O-down" isomerization (of about 0.15 eV or 14 kJ mol(-1) per CO); (ii) thermal isomerization rates at 22 K which are vanishingly small for the "C-down" to "O-down" isomerization but non-negligible for the back reaction; (iii) several "accidentally degenerate" pairs of eigenstates well below the barrier, each pair describing "C-down" to "O-down" localized states.
"Kontraktmanagement" - Experiences with internal management contracts on German local government
(2000)
"Kontraktmanagement" : experiences with internal management contracts in German local government
(1997)
"Krieg und Umbruch um 1800" vom 12. bis 13. März 2004 an der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
(2004)
"Kriegs-Bilder"
(2006)
"lebensformen+lebenswissen"
(2006)
At the suggestion of the then editor of 'Studia Celtica Japonica,' Professor Toshio Doi, this bibliography lists the returns of a questionnaire sent to all scholars in Germany who were actively involved in Celtic Studies between 1980 and 1995. They were asked to list all their publications in the field of Celtic Studies, so as to allow to carry out a survey of their research activities during this period. While most scholars kindly obliged by returning their lists, there were notable exceptions who never answered the query. Regretably, the present bibliography therefore contains important gaps, which, however, may be quite telling as far as the research situation in Germany was concerned during that period.
The "Lomonosov" space project is lead by Lomonosov Moscow State University in collaboration with the following key partners: Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), University of Pueblo (Mexico), Sungkyunkwan University (Republic of Korea) and with Russian space industry organi-zations to study some of extreme phenomena in space related to astrophysics, astroparticle physics, space physics, and space biology. The primary goals of this experiment are to study: -Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) in the energy range of the Greizen-ZatsepinKuzmin (GZK) cutoff; -Ultraviolet (UV) transient luminous events in the upper atmosphere; -Multi-wavelength study of gamma-ray bursts in visible, UV, gamma, and X-rays; -Energetic trapped and precipitated radiation (electrons and protons) at low-Earth orbit (LEO) in connection with global geomagnetic disturbances; -Multicomponent radiation doses along the orbit of spacecraft under different geomagnetic conditions and testing of space segments of optical observations of space-debris and other space objects; -Instrumental vestibular-sensor conflict of zero-gravity phenomena during space flight. This paper is directed towards the general description of both scientific goals of the project and scientific equipment on board the satellite. The following papers of this issue are devoted to detailed descriptions of scientific instruments.
The "Lomonosov" space project is lead by Lomonosov Moscow State University in collaboration with the following key partners: Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), University of Pueblo (Mexico), Sungkyunkwan University (Republic of Korea) and with Russian space industry organi-zations to study some of extreme phenomena in space related to astrophysics, astroparticle physics, space physics, and space biology. The primary goals of this experiment are to study:
-Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) in the energy range of the Greizen-ZatsepinKuzmin (GZK) cutoff;
-Ultraviolet (UV) transient luminous events in the upper atmosphere;
-Multi-wavelength study of gamma-ray bursts in visible, UV, gamma, and X-rays;
-Energetic trapped and precipitated radiation (electrons and protons) at low-Earth orbit (LEO) in connection with global geomagnetic disturbances;
-Multicomponent radiation doses along the orbit of spacecraft under different geomagnetic conditions and testing of space segments of optical observations of space-debris and other space objects;
-Instrumental vestibular-sensor conflict of zero-gravity phenomena during space flight.
This paper is directed towards the general description of both scientific goals of the project and scientific equipment on board the satellite. The following papers of this issue are devoted to detailed descriptions of scientific instruments.
"Lust am Krieg?"
(2006)