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According to resource allocation theory, animals face a trade off between the allocation of resources into reproduction and into individual growth/maintenance. This trade off is reinforced when food conditions decline. It is well established in biological research that many animals increase their life span when food is in suboptimal supply for growth and/or reproduction. Such a situation of reduced food availability is called dietary restriction. An increase in life span under dietary restricted conditions is seen as a strategy to tolerate periods of food shortage so that the animals can start reproduction again when food is in greater supply. In this study, the effect of dietary restriction on life span and reproduction in two rotifer species, Cephalodella sp. and Elosa worallii, was investigated using life table experiments. The food concentration under dietary restricted conditions was below the threshold for population growth. It was (1) tested whether the rotifers start reproduction again after food replenishment, and (2) estimated whether the time scale of dietary restricted conditions is relevant for the persistence of a population in the field. Only E. worallii responded to dietary restriction with an increase in life span at the expense of reproduction. After replenishment of food, E. worallii started to reproduce again within I day. With an increase in the duration of dietary restricted conditions of up to 15 days, which is longer than the median life span of E. worallii under food saturation, the life span increased and the life time reproduction decreased. These results suggest that in a temporally (or spatially) variable environment, some rotifer populations can persist even during long periods of severe food deprivation.
Experiences and Visions
(2007)
GeneFisher-P
(2007)
Leo Baeck (1873-1956) can be considered to be one of the most important proponents of German Jewry. Over the course of his life, he strove constantly to combine tradition and modernity within Judaism. Baeck educated young rabbis at Berlin's "Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums" (College for the Science of Judaism) and sought dialogue between Christianity, Islam, and other religions. Indebted to Baeck's legacy the Abraham Geiger College dedicated its annual study conference in 2006 to this brilliant Jewish thinker - to mark the fiftieth anniversary of his death on November 2, 1956. This volume celebrates the wide spectrum of Leo Baeck's heritage.
n an international context, public management arrangements differ significantly from country to country, but also regionally and locally. One reason for these differences may be differences in culture resulting in differing views of the state and its institutions. This may sound trivial, but it becomes highly important when public management reform models are proposed and transferred from one country to others such as was (and still is) the case with, for example, the new public management. Scholars in public management as well as internationally acting practitioners should be aware of the impact culture has on the possibilities and limits of concept transfers between different jurisdictions. Having said this, one precondition for a better consideration of cultural elements in public management reforms is a better understanding of culture itself. Among the public management community, cultural theory has gained considerable attention. There are, however, other concepts for the analysis of cultural facts that may be of interest to the subject, too. In the book, cultural (including organizational culture of public organizations) influences on public management and its reform are explored. Articles address definitions and conceptualizations of culture in the context of public management, cultural artifacts in public management and gives examples of cultural elements in public management from various countries. The volume helps to structure the discussion of cultural elements and points out approaches to study and incorporate cultural aspects in public management research and debate.