Refine
Year of publication
- 2015 (2172) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1353)
- Doctoral Thesis (288)
- Postprint (197)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (74)
- Review (62)
- Part of a Book (53)
- Preprint (40)
- Conference Proceeding (30)
- Part of Periodical (30)
- Other (18)
Language
Keywords
- Patholinguistik (20)
- Sprachtherapie (20)
- geistige Behinderung (20)
- mental deficiency (20)
- patholinguistics (20)
- primary progessive aphasia (20)
- primär progessive Aphasie (20)
- speech therapy (20)
- Armut (13)
- Nachhaltigkeit (13)
- climate change (13)
- Genisa (12)
- Geniza (12)
- Jüdische Studien (12)
- interference (12)
- Grundsicherung (11)
- Ressourcen (11)
- Jewish studies (10)
- eye movements (10)
- German (9)
- ancient DNA (9)
- eye-tracking (9)
- fMRI (9)
- reading (9)
- stars: early-type (9)
- Holocene (8)
- anomalous diffusion (8)
- embodied cognition (8)
- Magellanic Clouds (7)
- amerikanische Reisetagebücher (7)
- stars: massive (7)
- Chinese (6)
- Logopädie (6)
- SNARC (6)
- Zeitschrift (6)
- cue-based retrieval (6)
- diffusion (6)
- gender (6)
- insula (6)
- interoceptive awareness (6)
- major depressive disorder (6)
- mental number line (6)
- model (6)
- neuroimaging (6)
- numerical cognition (6)
- stars: atmospheres (6)
- stars: mass-loss (6)
- stars: winds, outflows (6)
- variability (6)
- Briefwechsel (5)
- Cardiac rehabilitation (5)
- Climate change (5)
- Computer Science Education (5)
- Eye movements (5)
- Germany (5)
- ISM: supernova remnants (5)
- X-rays: binaries (5)
- X-rays: stars (5)
- acceleration of particles (5)
- aggression (5)
- binaries: close (5)
- biomaterials (5)
- cosmic rays (5)
- erosion (5)
- evidentiality (5)
- evolution (5)
- polymers (5)
- stochastic processes (5)
- synchronization (5)
- ACT-R (4)
- Amerikanische Reisetagebücher (4)
- Evaluation (4)
- Friedrich Wilhelm III. (4)
- Klimawandel (4)
- Kosmos (4)
- Open Access (4)
- Poland (4)
- Siberia (4)
- Spanish (4)
- activation (4)
- ageing (4)
- attention (4)
- binaries: eclipsing (4)
- biodiversity (4)
- click chemistry (4)
- climate-change (4)
- content-addressable memory (4)
- discourse (4)
- focus (4)
- galaxies: active (4)
- gene-expression (4)
- interoception (4)
- longitudinal study (4)
- management (4)
- modality (4)
- modeling (4)
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal (4)
- reflexives (4)
- relative clauses (4)
- seasonality (4)
- sentence comprehension (4)
- sentence processing (4)
- signal transduction (4)
- spatial cognition (4)
- stars: magnetic field (4)
- stars: variables: general (4)
- visual culture (4)
- working memory (4)
- Arabidopsis (3)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (3)
- Arenes (3)
- Baltic Sea (3)
- Bildwissenschaft (3)
- Briefedition und -korrespondenz (3)
- Carbohydrates (3)
- Children (3)
- Chinese reflexives (3)
- Cloud Computing (3)
- Community assembly (3)
- Competence Measurement (3)
- Cross-coupling (3)
- DLT (3)
- Deutsch (3)
- Development (3)
- EEG/ERP (3)
- Endothelin (3)
- English (3)
- Exercise (3)
- Fluorescence imaging (3)
- German classic (3)
- German misery (3)
- ISM: clouds (3)
- Ikonographie (3)
- India-Asia collision (3)
- Ionosphere (3)
- Jaspers (3)
- Kunstgeschichte (3)
- Linguistik (3)
- Lukacs (3)
- Marxism (3)
- Mental number line (3)
- Modellierung (3)
- Molybdenum cofactor (3)
- New-Zealand (3)
- Ostracoda (3)
- Palladium (3)
- Pamir (3)
- Schriftspracherwerb (3)
- Secondary Education (3)
- Seismicity and tectonics (3)
- Swedish (3)
- Syntax (3)
- Tibetan Plateau (3)
- Zooplankton (3)
- Zweitveröffentlichung (3)
- abiotic stress (3)
- adolescence (3)
- alcohol (3)
- alexithymia (3)
- anaphors (3)
- answer set programming (3)
- anti-doping (3)
- antilocality (3)
- astroparticle physics (3)
- autocracy (3)
- carbon (3)
- center embedding (3)
- child language (3)
- circadian clock (3)
- collective guilt (3)
- competition (3)
- complexity (3)
- computational modeling (3)
- conservation (3)
- critical avalanche dynamics (3)
- democracy (3)
- diversification (3)
- ecohydrology (3)
- education (3)
- entrepreneurship (3)
- exercise (3)
- expectation (3)
- eye tracking (3)
- eye-voice span (3)
- functional traits (3)
- gamma rays: general (3)
- gamma rays: stars (3)
- genomics (3)
- grammatical illusion (3)
- higher education (3)
- humanism (3)
- indirect tests (3)
- individual differences (3)
- inflammation (3)
- intervention locality (3)
- island biogeography (3)
- landscape evolution (3)
- last glacial maximum (3)
- learning (3)
- locality (3)
- memory and delay (3)
- memory retrieval (3)
- migration (3)
- missing-VP effect (3)
- morphological processing (3)
- networks (3)
- neuronal networks (3)
- palaeogenomics (3)
- peptides (3)
- phylogeny (3)
- political philosophy (3)
- pollen (3)
- possessives (3)
- pronoun resolution (3)
- pronouns (3)
- psycholinguistics (3)
- quantification (3)
- rationalism (3)
- remission (3)
- risk factor (3)
- sACC (3)
- sea-level rise (3)
- second language (3)
- self-assembly (3)
- self-esteem (3)
- sentence parsing (3)
- sexual aggression (3)
- stars: Wolf-Rayet (3)
- stars: evolution (3)
- stars: fundamental parameters (3)
- stochastic models (3)
- temperature (3)
- thermoresponsive (3)
- transcriptomics (3)
- type 2 diabetes (3)
- uplift (3)
- vegetation (3)
- visual world paradigm (3)
- visual-world paradigm (3)
- working memory capacity (3)
- working memory updating (3)
- working-memory (3)
- ziji (3)
- 2nd-language grammar (2)
- 454 pyrosequencing (2)
- 454-pyrosequencing (2)
- ADHD (2)
- AIP1 (2)
- Actin (2)
- Adolescence (2)
- Adolescents (2)
- Akan (2)
- Alexander von Humboldt-Forschungsstelle (2)
- Amerikareise (2)
- Anisotropy effect (2)
- Answer set programming (2)
- Anti-Causatives (2)
- Ar-40/Ar-39 spot ages (2)
- Arbeitsgedächtnis (2)
- Argument-Structure-Ordering Principle (2)
- Aspekt (2)
- Assessment (2)
- Avalonia (2)
- Azobenzene containing cationic surfactants (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421 (2)
- BPMN (2)
- Bakteriophagen (2)
- Betreuung (2)
- Bewegungsforschung (2)
- Biblioteka Jagiellońska (2)
- Big Data (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biomaterials (2)
- Biomechanik (2)
- Blood (2)
- Blood sugar (2)
- Body composition (2)
- Bonn und die islamische Revolution (2)
- Borchardt-Kontroverse (2)
- Brassica napus (2)
- Brief (2)
- Cauchy problem (2)
- Causative Alternation (2)
- Cerrado (2)
- Charles Darwin (2)
- Cheirogaleidae (2)
- China (2)
- Chiroptera (2)
- Cobalt (2)
- Cognitive interference (2)
- Competence Modelling (2)
- Competences (2)
- Competencies (2)
- Competition (2)
- Computational thinking (2)
- Confocal microscopy (2)
- Conseil d’État (2)
- Cytotoxicity (2)
- DDR-Forschung (2)
- DNA (2)
- DNA methylation (2)
- DNA preservation (2)
- Dark matter (2)
- Database (2)
- Depressive symptoms (2)
- Deutsche Außenpolitik (2)
- Deutschland (2)
- Devonian transpression (2)
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition (2)
- Dynamics: seismotectonics (2)
- EPR spectroscopy (2)
- ER-FMRI (2)
- Earthquake source observations (2)
- East Africa (2)
- Editionsgeschichte (2)
- Electronic Journals Library (2)
- Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (EZB) (2)
- Element mobility (2)
- Ellipticity of corner-degenerate operators (2)
- Empirie (2)
- Environmental magnetism (2)
- Epigenetic (2)
- Erosion (2)
- Escherichia coli (2)
- Europa (2)
- Europe (2)
- European Union (2)
- FRET (2)
- Fish (2)
- Fluid-rock interaction (2)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (2)
- Fluorescent probes (2)
- Focus (2)
- Forschungskolleg (2)
- Franziskaner (2)
- Fredholm property (2)
- Frédéric d’Houdetot (2)
- GEOMAGIA50 (2)
- Gait (2)
- Gattungsgeschichte (2)
- Geomagnetism (2)
- German intonation (2)
- Geschäftsprozessmanagement (2)
- Glucose (2)
- Graph theory (2)
- Green Road (2)
- Ground-motion prediction equation (2)
- Grüner Weg (2)
- H-1 NMR (2)
- HPLC (2)
- Hasso Plattner Institute (2)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut (2)
- Heart rate (2)
- Heiner Müller (2)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (2)
- Hochschule (2)
- Human evolution (2)
- Humboldts Nachlass (2)
- Hydrogel (2)
- Hydrology (2)
- Hydrothermal carbonization (2)
- Hypoglycemia (2)
- ICT competencies (2)
- ISM: structure (2)
- Indian summer monsoon (2)
- Individual-based model (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Informatics (2)
- Informatics Education (2)
- Informatics Modelling (2)
- Informatics System Application (2)
- Informatics System Comprehension (2)
- Informatikdidaktik (2)
- Innovation (2)
- Insulin (2)
- Internet (2)
- Inversion (2)
- Italien (2)
- Itinerar (2)
- JavaScript (2)
- Jewish Studies (2)
- Key Competencies (2)
- Khomeini (2)
- Kiezdeutsch (2)
- Klausurtagung (2)
- Kodikologie (2)
- Kollektaneen (2)
- Kolonialismus (2)
- Kolumbus (2)
- König von Preußen (2)
- L-Cysteine desulfurase (2)
- Lagenaufstellung (2)
- Lake Van (2)
- Land-use intensity (2)
- Landschaft (2)
- Laptev Sea (2)
- Leben und Zusammenleben (2)
- Lernen (2)
- Literatur (2)
- Lively Kernel (2)
- Lizenzen (2)
- Lonar Lake (2)
- Ludwig Leichhardt (2)
- MADS-domain transcription factor (2)
- Magnetotellurik (2)
- Management (2)
- Marine terraces (2)
- Markov cluster algorithm (2)
- Materialwissenschaften (2)
- Measurement (2)
- Mehrsprachigkeit (2)
- Membrane (2)
- Microcebus berthae (2)
- Migration (2)
- Minimalist program (2)
- Mirror Principle (2)
- Modelling (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (2)
- Muscle mass (2)
- Myodes glareolus (2)
- Nanopartikel (2)
- Naturgeschichte (2)
- Neoromicia (2)
- Obesity (2)
- Operational momentum (2)
- Overweight (2)
- PAS domain (2)
- Pacific Ocean (2)
- Paleoclimate (2)
- Paleomagnetism (2)
- Patterning (2)
- Pediastrum (2)
- Pflanzengeographie (2)
- Ph.D. retreat (2)
- Photosensitive polymer brushes (2)
- Phytoplankton (2)
- Pipistrellus (2)
- Planar polarity (2)
- Pleistocene (2)
- Polen (2)
- Pontides (2)
- Precipitation (2)
- Preußen und Frankreich (2)
- Primates (2)
- Principal component analysis (2)
- Professionalisierung (2)
- Proxy (2)
- Psycholinguistik (2)
- Pump-probe (2)
- RIXS (2)
- Rb-Sr mineral isochrons (2)
- Reading (2)
- Reading development (2)
- Resistance (2)
- Rezeptionsgeschichte (2)
- Rheic Ocean (2)
- Ring current effect (2)
- Rock magnetism (2)
- Russian (2)
- Satzverarbeitung (2)
- Schah (2)
- Schreibmethoden (2)
- Scotophilus (2)
- Sediment magnetism (2)
- Seesedimente (2)
- Seismology (2)
- Sensors (2)
- Service-oriented Systems Engineering (2)
- Simulation (2)
- Social Networking Sites (2)
- Solanaceae (2)
- Sorex araneus (2)
- Sphingosine kinase (2)
- Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (2)
- Start-up subsidies (2)
- Stress (2)
- Studium (2)
- Sun: activity (2)
- Switzerland (2)
- TMS (2)
- Tagebuch-Editionen (2)
- Tarim Basin (2)
- Tenerife (2)
- Teneriffa (2)
- Thematic Hierarchy (2)
- Theoretical calculations (2)
- Tintenanalysen (2)
- Toeplitz operators (2)
- Tourismus (2)
- Tso Moriri Lake (2)
- Tunisian Revolution (2)
- Turkey (2)
- Turkish-German bilingualism (2)
- USA (2)
- Unaccusatives (2)
- Ventral striatum (2)
- Vues des Cordilleres (2)
- Wasser (2)
- Wasserzeichen (2)
- Water quality (2)
- Weltwirtschaftskrise (2)
- Wetlands (2)
- Wilhelm von Humboldt (2)
- Wirtschaft (2)
- Wissenschaft und Ästhetik (2)
- XMRV (2)
- Xanthomonas (2)
- XopJ (2)
- Xpr1 (2)
- abstraction (2)
- academic achievement (2)
- acquisition (2)
- action language (2)
- action observation (2)
- action perception (2)
- adherence (2)
- agreement (2)
- agriculture (2)
- albuminuria (2)
- algorithm schedules (2)
- alpine (2)
- ambiguity resolution (2)
- anger regulation (2)
- attitudes (2)
- avirulence (2)
- basin (2)
- behavioral observation (2)
- bilingualism (2)
- biological physics (2)
- biomechanics (2)
- block copolymers (2)
- break interventions (2)
- buildings (2)
- carbon nitride (2)
- cardiac rehabilitation (2)
- career success (2)
- catchments (2)
- cells (2)
- charge transfer (2)
- cholinesterase inhibitors (2)
- chronic kidney disease (2)
- cis-regulatory evolution (2)
- class-level effects (2)
- climate (2)
- codon usage (2)
- coenzyme-a (2)
- cognitive resources (2)
- collective team identification (2)
- community structure (2)
- competencies (2)
- comprehensive analysis (2)
- computational thinking (2)
- computer games (2)
- congeneric species (2)
- contracts (2)
- control (2)
- cooperative goal interdependence (2)
- crop (2)
- cytoplasmic polyadenylation (2)
- database (2)
- decentralization (2)
- deception (2)
- decomposition (2)
- deformation (2)
- dendrimers (2)
- denitrification (2)
- density functional calculations (2)
- depression (2)
- derivational affixes (2)
- development (2)
- dialect (2)
- differential expression analysis (2)
- disturbance (2)
- domestication (2)
- dynamic equilibrium (2)
- earthquake (2)
- ecological niches (2)
- ecosystem functioning (2)
- ecosystem services (2)
- ego depletion (2)
- eicosapentaenoic acid (2)
- electric fields and currents (2)
- electroactive polymer (2)
- electron transfer (2)
- emissions (2)
- emotion recognition (2)
- emotional expression (2)
- emotional valence (2)
- energy-metabolism (2)
- enjoyment (2)
- environmental stress response (2)
- enzyme catalysis (2)
- examen critique (2)
- exercise intervention (2)
- exhaustivity (2)
- experiments (2)
- exploration (2)
- eye-movement control (2)
- eye-movements (2)
- face morphing (2)
- facial feedback (2)
- faking (2)
- fluorescence (2)
- formal semantics (2)
- gait speed (2)
- galaxies: jets (2)
- gamma rays: ISM (2)
- gamma rays: galaxies (2)
- gamma-rays: galaxies (2)
- gamma-rays: general (2)
- gender differences (2)
- gene regulatory networks (2)
- geomorphometry (2)
- gestures (2)
- global change (2)
- glutathione (2)
- glycaemic control (2)
- ground reaction force (2)
- grounded cognition (2)
- growth (2)
- growth adaptation (2)
- guilt (2)
- gut microbiota (2)
- hallervorden-spatz-syndrome (2)
- heart (2)
- heritage language (2)
- history of German (2)
- hopelessness (2)
- human evolution (2)
- hybridisation capture (2)
- hydrogen bonds (2)
- hydrological modeling (2)
- hypertension (2)
- impacts (2)
- implicit association test (IAT) (2)
- implicit prosody (2)
- index (2)
- inference (2)
- inflected nouns (2)
- information and communication technology (2)
- information source (2)
- innate number sense (2)
- innovation (2)
- instability (2)
- justice sensitivity (2)
- key competencies (2)
- lake sediments (2)
- land use (2)
- land use change (2)
- land-use intensity (2)
- landslide (2)
- leaf wax (2)
- learners (2)
- licences (2)
- linagliptin (2)
- linguistic rhythm (2)
- magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (2)
- mammalian-cells (2)
- management analysis (2)
- marine mammal (2)
- mass wasting (2)
- mathematical cognition (2)
- mechanism (2)
- media choice (2)
- media use (2)
- memantine (2)
- mental arithmetic (2)
- mentoring (2)
- messenger-rna polyadenylation (2)
- metabolomics (2)
- meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (2)
- methods: data analysis (2)
- microbial communities (2)
- microbial diversity (2)
- microbiomics (2)
- microsaccades (2)
- middle childhood (2)
- mind wandering (2)
- mobility disability (2)
- mobility-mass spectrometry (2)
- modal verbs (2)
- molecular rods (2)
- moral disengagement (2)
- morphological structure (2)
- morphotypes (2)
- motor resonance (2)
- motor system (2)
- mozart effect (2)
- multi-locus data (2)
- multilevel modelling (2)
- multiobjective calibration (2)
- multiplicative noise (2)
- nanoparticles (2)
- neurodegeneration (2)
- neuroenhancement (2)
- neurotoxicity (2)
- next generation sequencing (NGS) (2)
- non-native speakers (2)
- normative beliefs (2)
- numeracy training (2)
- numerische Modellierung (2)
- obesity (2)
- operational momentum (2)
- optimism (2)
- organizational behavior (2)
- oxidative stress (2)
- pH (2)
- parental separation (2)
- particle-associated and free-living bacteria (2)
- perception of contrast (2)
- perceptual span (2)
- performance (2)
- performance measurement (2)
- perpetration (2)
- pesticides (2)
- photocatalysis (2)
- plant development (2)
- poly(a)-binding protein (2)
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (2)
- population (2)
- population genomics (2)
- portfolio-based solving (2)
- poverty (2)
- power training (2)
- pragmaticalisation (2)
- prediction (2)
- prevention (2)
- production of contrast (2)
- productivity (2)
- programmed cell death (2)
- prosody (2)
- protein (2)
- proteomics (2)
- psychologinguistics (2)
- psychology (2)
- public discourse (2)
- public management issues (2)
- quantifier-spreading (2)
- quantum friction (2)
- racism by proxy (2)
- rampage (2)
- random walks on graphs (2)
- reactive oxygen species (2)
- reciprocal characteristics (2)
- reciprocal class (2)
- referential context (2)
- reflection (2)
- regimes (2)
- regional climate model (2)
- relationship conflict (2)
- relative clause (2)
- remagnetization (2)
- replication (2)
- representation (2)
- resistance training (2)
- right inferior frontal gyrus (2)
- rise-fall contour (2)
- role congruity theory (2)
- salamanders (2)
- salicylic acid (2)
- salinity gradient (2)
- school attacks (2)
- scrambling (2)
- seasons (2)
- secondary publication (2)
- sediment (2)
- sediment transport (2)
- seismic hazard (2)
- selective exposure (2)
- self-control (2)
- self-efficacy (2)
- self-paced reading (2)
- self-regulation (2)
- semantic-congruency task (2)
- sensitivity (2)
- service-oriented systems engineering (2)
- simulation (2)
- single ribosomes (2)
- sleep apnoea (2)
- sleep-disordered breathing (2)
- snow (2)
- social cognitive career theory (2)
- social rejection (2)
- socio-semiotics (2)
- soil organic carbon (2)
- sonography (2)
- southern Alps (2)
- spatial metaphors (2)
- spatial numerical associations (2)
- spatial-nunmerical association (2)
- specificity factor (2)
- stabile Isotope (2)
- stability (2)
- stable carbon (2)
- stable isotopes (2)
- stable nitrogen (2)
- star product (2)
- stars: individual ([HD 36486]delta Ori A) (2)
- stress adaptation (2)
- supervisor support (2)
- supramolecular chemistry (2)
- surface processes (2)
- survival (2)
- switzerland (2)
- syntactic parsing (2)
- tail-length (2)
- task conflict (2)
- team member alignment (2)
- team support (2)
- techniques: photometric (2)
- technology (2)
- time-series (2)
- tools (2)
- tracing (2)
- transcriptome (2)
- translational control (2)
- treeline (2)
- type-III effector (2)
- universal quantifiers (2)
- validation (2)
- very low-low-grade metamorphism (2)
- victim (2)
- victimization (2)
- video games (2)
- violations (2)
- violence (2)
- warning sign (2)
- water (2)
- waves and tides (2)
- witnessing (2)
- work values (2)
- writing methods (2)
- written language acquisition (2)
- zircon fission tracks (2)
- "Big Data"-Dienste (1)
- "Omik"-Technologien (1)
- 1,2-Dithiosquarate,1,2-Dithiosquaratonickelate (1)
- 1,3-Oxasilinanes (1)
- 1-Phenylethanol (1)
- 1-to-1 Correspondence (1)
- 1804 (1)
- 19. Century (1)
- 19. Jahrhundert (1)
- 2,2-Disubstituted adamantane derivatives (1)
- 2-Hydroxyethylammonium 1-R-indol-3-ylsulfanylacetates (1)
- 2-Phenylethanol (1)
- 2-Substituted adamantane derivatives (1)
- 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (1)
- 21st century skills, (1)
- 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene (1)
- 3-Silatetrahydropyrans (1)
- 31A25 (1)
- 3D CAVE (1)
- 3D geomechanical numerical model (1)
- 3D imaging (1)
- 3D information visualization (1)
- 3D map (1)
- 3D semiotic model (1)
- 65F18 (1)
- ABRACADABRA (1)
- ACSL (1)
- ADPKD (1)
- AERONET (1)
- AFM (1)
- AL-26 (1)
- AMS (1)
- AOAC (1)
- AODV (1)
- APOM protein (1)
- ARL3 (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- AUX1 (1)
- Abandonment (1)
- Abhängigkeitsauflösung (1)
- Abrus precatorius (1)
- Abschätzung der Unsicherheiten (1)
- Absolute age dating (1)
- Abstraktion (1)
- Acadian (1)
- Acceleration of particles (1)
- Accountability (1)
- Accretion, underplating and exhumation processes (1)
- Acer (1)
- Acer platanoides (1)
- Acer pseudoplatanus (1)
- Achievement (1)
- Achilles tendon (1)
- Acid sphingomyelinase (1)
- Acquired dysgraphia (1)
- Acquisition (1)
- Active flow control (1)
- Activity Theory (1)
- Activity-orientated Learning (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Ad hoc routing (1)
- Adaptation options (1)
- Adaption (1)
- Adaptive Force (1)
- Adaptive evolution (1)
- Adenylyl cyclase (1)
- Adfunktionalisierung (1)
- Adhäsionsproteine (1)
- Adipositas (1)
- Adult height (1)
- Adverbs (1)
- Aerosole (1)
- Aerosols (1)
- African humid period (1)
- African languages (1)
- Age of acquisition (1)
- Agency (1)
- Agent-oriented adverbs (1)
- Aggregation (1)
- Aging (1)
- Agreement attraction (1)
- Agricultural field (1)
- Agriotes Ustulatus (1)
- Airborne lidar (1)
- Akt signaling (1)
- Aktuation (1)
- Alaska (1)
- Alborz range (1)
- Alcohol dependence (1)
- Alexander von Humboldt (1)
- Alexander von Humboldt auf Reisen (1)
- Alfred Döblin (1)
- Algeria (1)
- Algerian Judaism, Algerian Jewry (1)
- Algerien (1)
- Algerisches Judentum (1)
- Algorithmen (1)
- Alkaline phosphatase (1)
- Alkohol (1)
- Allometry (1)
- Allylic compounds (1)
- Alpine metamorphism (1)
- Alps (1)
- Altlasten (1)
- Altorientalische Monarchie (1)
- Alzheimer dementia (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Ambient noise tomography (1)
- Amides (1)
- Amphibia (1)
- Amphibian (1)
- Amplitude and waveform analysis of PcP (1)
- Amygdala (1)
- Anaerobic digestion (1)
- Analphabetismus (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Ancient DNA (1)
- Andrena (1)
- Anger regulation (1)
- Anions (1)
- Anisotropy (1)
- Annie Cohen (1)
- Annual 30-day minimum flow (1)
- Annulation (1)
- Anoxia (1)
- Antarctic Circumpolar Current (1)
- Anti-doping (1)
- Antibiotikaresistenz (1)
- Antiplasmodial activity (1)
- Antwortspektren (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Apathy (1)
- Apennine Carbonate Platform (1)
- Aphasia (1)
- Apis mellifera (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Appalachian plateau (1)
- Aptamer (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana embryogenesis (1)
- Aral Sea basin (1)
- Arbeitslosigkeit (1)
- Arbeitsmarktpolitik (1)
- Arbeitsteilung (1)
- Arc accretion (1)
- Archaic humans (1)
- Archeology (1)
- Archiv (1)
- Arduino (1)
- Argentina (1)
- Argentinien (1)
- Aridity (1)
- Arktis (1)
- Arrival dates (1)
- Arsenolipids (1)
- Arterial hypertension (1)
- Arthur Ewert (1)
- Artificial language paradigm (1)
- Artificial selection (1)
- Artificial water catchment (1)
- Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (1)
- Ashmura (1)
- Asia (1)
- Asian Americans (1)
- Aspect (1)
- Aspektualität (1)
- Assembly pattern (1)
- Assignment of stereochemistry (1)
- Association with Focus (1)
- Asteroiden (1)
- Astronomie (1)
- Astrophysik (1)
- Asymptotics of solutions (1)
- Athlete (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attention deficit (1)
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1)
- Attitude (1)
- Attitudes towards inclusion (1)
- Aufsatzsammlung (1)
- Auslandspraktikum (1)
- Austria (1)
- Authentizität (1)
- Authigenic carbonates (1)
- Autokorrelationen (1)
- Autonomie (1)
- Auxin transport (1)
- Avantgarde (1)
- Averaging principle (1)
- Awara (1)
- Awing (1)
- Aymara (1)
- Azadironolide (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) calculations (1)
- BBAW (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (PG 1553+113) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: AP Librae (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 501 (1)
- BMP4 (1)
- BPA (1)
- BPM (1)
- Backbone model (1)
- Backdoors (1)
- Background (1)
- Bacterial growth efficiency (1)
- Balance (1)
- Bankenregulierung (1)
- Barcoding (1)
- Barite concretion (1)
- Barrier to ring inversion (1)
- Basal body (1)
- Batch experiments (1)
- Batchprozesse (1)
- Bayesian (1)
- Bayesian logistic regression (1)
- Beaufort Sea coast (1)
- Beer mashing (1)
- Behavioral querying (1)
- Beirat (1)
- Belastung (1)
- Beltrami equation (1)
- Bentonite clay (1)
- Benzenoid structure (1)
- Beratung (1)
- Beratungskompetenzen (1)
- Bergbesteigung (1)
- Berith Milah (1)
- Berlin (1)
- Besetztes Preußen (1)
- Beta-amylase (1)
- Beteiligungen (1)
- Beteiligungssteuerung (1)
- Beverages (1)
- Bevölkerungsmarketing (1)
- Bezugsgruppen (1)
- Bgl2p (1)
- Biaryls (1)
- Bildtafeln (1)
- Bildung (1)
- Bilinear models (1)
- Bilirubin oxidase (1)
- Binge eating (1)
- Bioaktivität (1)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Biodiversity indicators (1)
- Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (1)
- Biofuel cell (1)
- Biofuels (1)
- Biogas (1)
- Biogenic silica (1)
- Biogeography (1)
- Biografisches Erzählen (1)
- Biological indicator (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biomass water (1)
- Biome shifts (1)
- Biomedicine (1)
- Biomineralization (1)
- Biophysik (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- Biostratigraphy (1)
- Birth-and-death process (1)
- Bis-MGD (1)
- Biscutella didyma (1)
- Bisphenol A (1)
- Bistabilität (1)
- Bivariate flood quantile (1)
- Black shales (1)
- Blattwachse (1)
- Blickbewegungen (1)
- Blockheizkraftwerke (1)
- Blood platelets (1)
- Bloom’s Taxonomy (1)
- Boden (1)
- Bodenbewegung (1)
- Bodenbewegungsmodelle (1)
- Body image (1)
- Body size perception (1)
- Body stimuli (1)
- Body waves (1)
- Bogoliubov theory (1)
- Bogoliubov-Theorie (1)
- Bone repair material (1)
- Boolean logic models (1)
- Bootstrapping (1)
- Borrowing constraints (1)
- Bose-Einstein Kondensation (1)
- Bose-Einstein condensate (1)
- Bose-Einstein condensation (1)
- Bosegas (1)
- Botanic gardens (1)
- Botulinum toxin (1)
- Boys (1)
- Brasilien im November 1935 (1)
- Brassica napus L. (1)
- Brassicaceae (1)
- Brazil November 1935 (1)
- Breakthrough curve (1)
- Brecht (1)
- Breeding success (1)
- Brewster angle microscopy (1)
- Briefe (1)
- Brilliant blue (1)
- Brillouin Streuung (1)
- Brillouin scattering (1)
- Budgetstudie (1)
- Budgetstudien (1)
- Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape (1)
- Bulimia nervosa (1)
- Bush encroachment (1)
- Business cycle (1)
- Business process management (1)
- Business processes (1)
- Bürgerbeteiligung (1)
- Bürgerhaushalt (1)
- Büro der Kommunistischen Internationale in Shanghai (1)
- C-13 NMR (1)
- C-C coupling (1)
- C:P ratio (1)
- CAPS (1)
- CDK5RAP2 (1)
- CEP (1)
- CNR1 (1)
- CO desorption (1)
- CO2 fluxes (1)
- COI (1)
- CS concepts (1)
- Caco-2 intestinal barrier model (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Caecilians (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Calcineurin (1)
- Calcineurin-Inhibitoren (1)
- Calcium phosphates (1)
- Caledonian (1)
- Cambodia (1)
- Camellia sinensis (1)
- Cameroon (1)
- Campylomormyrus (1)
- Candida (1)
- Candidates (1)
- Canid morphotype (1)
- Capability approach (1)
- Cape Mamontov Klyk (1)
- Carbene ligands (1)
- Carbo-Iron (1)
- Carbo-Iron® (1)
- Carbohydrate mimics (1)
- Carbon colloid (1)
- Carbon decomposition (1)
- Carbon isotope stratigraphy (1)
- Carbonates (1)
- Carboniferous (1)
- Cardiac rehabilitation Chronic heart failure (1)
- Cardinality (1)
- Cardiovascular (1)
- Cardiovascular risk factor (1)
- Cardiovascular risk factors (1)
- Career satisfaction (1)
- Career self-efficacy (1)
- Carleman formulas (1)
- Carotenoid (1)
- Case-control study (1)
- Catalytic reaction (1)
- Catalytically active MIPs (1)
- Catchment (1)
- Catchment classification (1)
- Catechins (1)
- Category verification (1)
- Cationic surfactants (1)
- Cations (1)
- Cauchy data spaces (1)
- Cave (1)
- Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (1)
- CdS quantum dots (1)
- Cell counts (1)
- Cellulose (1)
- Cenozoic (1)
- Central American literature (1)
- Central Asia (1)
- Central India (1)
- Central nervous system (1)
- Centriole (1)
- Centrosome (1)
- Ceramide (1)
- Chadic (1)
- Chaiten volcano (1)
- Challenges (1)
- Change Management (1)
- Channel island (1)
- Chaperone (1)
- Charles Lyell (1)
- Chemotaxis (1)
- Cherenkov radiation (1)
- Chew Bahir (1)
- Child language (1)
- Childhood (1)
- Childhood adversity (1)
- Childhood obesity (1)
- Chile convergent margin (1)
- Chile earthquake (1)
- Chile subduction zone (1)
- Chinese reading (1)
- Chinesisch (1)
- Chiral dopants (1)
- Chloroplast (1)
- Chromosphere, active (1)
- Chronic heart failure (CHF) (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (1)
- Chronic pain (1)
- Ciliaten (1)
- Civil engineering (1)
- Classical MD (1)
- Clavijero Francisco Javier (1)
- Clearing formation (1)
- Clethrionomys-Glareolus (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate adaptation (1)
- Climatic variations (1)
- Clinical (1)
- Clinical reasoning (1)
- Clogging (1)
- Cluster Computing (1)
- Clutch size (1)
- CoExist (1)
- Coagulation (1)
- Coarse woody debris (1)
- Coastal Cordillera (Chile) (1)
- Coastal sedimentation (1)
- Coastal uplift (1)
- Coesite-bearing eclogite (1)
- Coexistence (1)
- Coexistence mechanisms (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cognitive Skills (1)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (1)
- Cognitive control (1)
- Cold War (1)
- Cold air surges (1)
- Colitis (1)
- Collaboration for innovation (1)
- Colombia (1)
- Colon cancer (1)
- Combinatorial multi-objective optimization (1)
- Combined modality therapy (1)
- Communion (1)
- Communist International (1)
- Communist International Shanghai office (1)
- Communist Party of Germany (KPD) (1)
- Community composition (1)
- Community dynamics (1)
- Community effect in height (1)
- Community-based Modelling (1)
- Complex heterogeneous systems (1)
- Complexity (1)
- Composite hydrogels (1)
- Composite outcome measure (1)
- Composition of the mantle (1)
- Compositional data analysis (1)
- Compound Poisson processes (1)
- Compound-specific isotope (1)
- Compound-specific stable isotopic (1)
- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) (1)
- Computational Thinking (1)
- Computational complexity (1)
- Computational grid (1)
- Computer Science (1)
- Computer Science in Context (1)
- Computer-assisted self-regulation training (1)
- Computer-based assessment (1)
- Computermodell (1)
- Computing (1)
- Concentration-discharge relationships (1)
- Concept of differentiated land use (1)
- Conduct problems (1)
- Cone (1)
- Confidence intervals (1)
- Conformational analysis (1)
- Conformational equilibrium (1)
- Connective tissue growth factor (1)
- Connectivity (1)
- Contest (1)
- Contextualisation (1)
- Continental margins: convergent (1)
- Continental neotectonics (1)
- Continental tectonics: compressional (1)
- Continuous cultures (1)
- Continuous performance task (1)
- Contradictions (1)
- Contrast (1)
- Control rates (1)
- Convective storms (1)
- Convergence (1)
- Coordination game (1)
- Coordination polymers (1)
- Copulas (1)
- Coral reef terraces (1)
- Core (1)
- Core stability (1)
- Core-mantle boundary (1)
- Corestone (1)
- Coriolis Effekt (1)
- Coriolis effect (1)
- Corner pseudo-differential operators (1)
- Corolla Tube (1)
- Corona (1)
- Coronal mass ejection (CME) (1)
- Corporate foresight (1)
- Correlation (1)
- Cosmic rays (1)
- Cosmic-ray (1)
- Cosmogenic-nuclide geochronology (1)
- Cosmology (1)
- Cospeciation (1)
- Costs (1)
- Coulomb failure stress (1)
- Coulomb stress (1)
- Coulombspannung (1)
- Countermovement jump (1)
- Counting process (1)
- Crack deflection (1)
- Creaminess (1)
- Creative economy (1)
- Creative industries (1)
- Creep (1)
- Critical Discourse Analysis (1)
- Critical zone (1)
- Critics (1)
- Crossover fatigue (1)
- Crustal melting (1)
- Crustal structure (1)
- Crystal and molecular structure (1)
- Crystal structures (1)
- Crístobal Colón (1)
- Curriculum (1)
- Curriculum Development (1)
- Cyber-Physical Systems (1)
- Cycling (1)
- Cyp2b1 (1)
- Cyrus II (1)
- Cytochrome c (1)
- Czech (1)
- D-enrichment (1)
- D22 (1)
- DANSER (1)
- DATM (1)
- DELWAQ (1)
- DNA copolymers (1)
- DNA nanotechnology (1)
- DNA volume and persistent length (1)
- DNA-surfactant complexes (1)
- DOPA (1)
- DRD4 (1)
- DUFLOW (1)
- DaZ (1)
- Damage reduction (1)
- Darmbakterium (1)
- Daseinsvorsorge (1)
- Data (1)
- Data Analysis (1)
- Data Management (1)
- Data Privacy (1)
- Data exchange (1)
- Data integration (1)
- Data modeling (1)
- Database Approach To Modelling (1)
- Databases (1)
- Daten (1)
- Datenextraktion (1)
- Datenfilter (1)
- Datenkorrektheit (1)
- Datenobjekte (1)
- Datenzustände (1)
- Dauer der Bodenbewegung (1)
- Dawn mission (1)
- Dawn-Mission (1)
- Dead Sea (1)
- Deadline-Verbreitung (1)
- Deadweight effects (1)
- Deaf readers (1)
- Debus-Radziszewski polymerization (1)
- Decision Probability (1)
- Decision speed (1)
- Deep biosphere (1)
- Defining characteristics of physical computing (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Delphi study (1)
- Delta-Kohn Sham method (1)
- Dementia (1)
- Democracy (1)
- Demografiepolitik (1)
- Demografisierung (1)
- Demokratie (1)
- Dengue (1)
- Denitrifikation (1)
- Density (1)
- Density functional theory (1)
- Denudation (1)
- Depositional setting (1)
- Depression (1)
- Design Thinking (1)
- Detailed balance (1)
- Deutsch als Fremdsprache (1)
- Deutsch-Rap (1)
- Deutsche Demokratische Republik (1)
- Deutschunterricht (1)
- Development of eating behavior (1)
- Developmental Biology (1)
- Diabetic cardiomyopathy (1)
- Diabetic nephropathy (1)
- Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera (1)
- Diagenetic barium cycling (1)
- Diagnostic (1)
- Diagnostic accuracy (1)
- Diagnostics (1)
- Dialectology (1)
- Dialektologie (1)
- Diatoms (1)
- Dictyostelium (1)
- Dielectric elastomer (1)
- Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) (1)
- Difference-in-Difference (1)
- Difference-in-difference (1)
- Differential Equations (1)
- Diffuse pollution (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Digital (1)
- Digital Competence (1)
- Digital Education (1)
- Digital Revolution (1)
- Digitale Edition (1)
- Dimensional (1)
- Dinosterol (1)
- Direct electron transfer (1)
- Direct searches (1)
- Disaggregation (1)
- Disaster impact analysis (1)
- Disease (1)
- Diskontinuität (1)
- Disks (1)
- Diskurs (1)
- Diskursanalyse (1)
- Diskursmarker (1)
- Dispersal limitation (1)
- Dissolution precipitation replacement (1)
- Divergent evolution (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Doehlert design (1)
- Dog (1)
- Dolomites (1)
- Domestication (1)
- Domänenwandbewegung (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Doppler Imaging (1)
- Doppler imaging (1)
- Doppler ultrasound (1)
- Dove Alfred (1)
- Drainage morphometry (1)
- Drama (1)
- Dramatik (1)
- Drug (1)
- Drug metabolism (1)
- Drug prescription (1)
- Duration prediction (1)
- Duricrusts (1)
- Dwarf galaxies (1)
- Dynamic assessment (1)
- Dynamic capabilities (1)
- Dynamic energy budget theory (1)
- Dynamic pricing and advertising (1)
- Dyslexia (1)
- Dyslipidemia (1)
- Dysregulation (1)
- E-Government (1)
- E-Learning (1)
- E-Mail Tracking (1)
- E-cleavage (1)
- E-learning (1)
- EAP (1)
- ECHSE (1)
- EEG (1)
- EMG (1)
- EMI sensors (1)
- EPA (1)
- ERP (1)
- ERPs (1)
- ESI (1)
- ET-1 (1)
- ETA (1)
- ETAS Modell (1)
- ETAS model (1)
- ETB (1)
- EU (1)
- EU Council Presidency (1)
- Earliest Cambrian (1)
- Early Literacy (1)
- Early psychosocial adversity (1)
- Earth rotation (1)
- Earthquake (1)
- Earthquakes (1)
- East African Rift (1)
- East Coast (1)
- Eastern Cordillera (1)
- Eastern Europe (1)
- Eastern Mediterranean (1)
- Eastern pamirs (1)
- Eating pathology (1)
- Eberhard Knobloch (1)
- Ecohydrological modeling (1)
- Ecological interactions (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Economic-Policy (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Edge and corner pseudo-differential operators (1)
- Edge symbols (1)
- Editionsprojekte (1)
- Editorial policies (1)
- Educational Standards (1)
- Educational game (1)
- Educational software (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Ego-depletion (1)
- Eigenvalue problem (1)
- Einfluß des Sonnenwindes und des interplanetaren magnetischen Feldes (1)
- Einführung (1)
- Einschlagskrater (1)
- Einschlagssimulation (1)
- Einstein-Hilbert action (1)
- El Salvador (1)
- Elbow breadth (1)
- Electric organ discharge (1)
- Electric organ ontogeny (1)
- Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) (1)
- Electrocyte geometry (1)
- Electromagnetics (1)
- Electromyography (1)
- Electrophoretic deposition (1)
- Electrospinning (1)
- Elektrische Widerstandstomographie (ERT) (1)
- Elephas maximus sumatranus (1)
- Ellenberg indicator values (1)
- Ellipsometry (1)
- Elliptic complexes (1)
- Elliptische Komplexe (1)
- Embedded Systems (1)
- Embodied cognition (1)
- Embodiment (1)
- Emissionen (1)
- Emissions (1)
- Emotion (1)
- Emotion labelling (1)
- Emotion recognition (1)
- Emotional expressions (1)
- Emotional intelligence (1)
- Emotions (1)
- Empowering leadership (1)
- EnMAP Satellit (1)
- EnMAP satellite (1)
- Enceladus (1)
- End-member modeling (1)
- Endocrine (1)
- Endocrine disruption (1)
- Endogenous growth (1)
- Endogenous retrovirus (1)
- Endoscopy (1)
- Endosulfan (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelial dysfunction (1)
- Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (1)
- Energiepolitk (1)
- Energierecht (1)
- Energiesparen (1)
- Energy (1)
- Energy Community (1)
- Energy-transfer probe (1)
- Englisch (1)
- Enrichment factor (1)
- Ensemblesimulationen (1)
- Entertainment (1)
- Entrepreneurship (1)
- Entwicklungspolitik (1)
- Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Enzymatic fuel cell (1)
- Enzymatic milk coagulation (1)
- Enzyme catalysis (1)
- Epistemologie der Geographie (1)
- Epitope imprinting (1)
- Epoxide hydrolases (1)
- Equol (1)
- Equus (1)
- Erdbeben (1)
- Erdbebengefährdungsabschätzungen (1)
- Erdbebenvorhersage (1)
- Erdbebenwechselwirkung (1)
- Erdmantel (1)
- Ereignisabstraktion (1)
- Ereignisse (1)
- Erinnerung (1)
- Erinnerungskultur (1)
- Ernährungsmuster (1)
- Ernährungsumstellung (1)
- Erosion rate reconstructions (1)
- Ertragslücken (1)
- Erucasäure (1)
- Erwachsenenbildung (1)
- Erziehung (1)
- Erzählen (1)
- Escherichia-coli genome (1)
- Essai politique sur l'île de Cuba (1)
- Essai politique sur le royaume de la Nouvelle-Espagne (1)
- Eucera (1)
- Euclid’s algorithm (1)
- Eulerian grid (1)
- Eulerische Gitter (1)
- Eurasian active margin (1)
- Eurasischer aktiver Kontinentalrand (1)
- Europarecht / Europäische Verfassung (1)
- European lobster (1)
- Europäische Union (1)
- Europäische Union Charta der Grundrechte (1)
- Europäische Union Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union (1)
- Europäische Verfassung (1)
- Evaluation aktiver Arbeitsmarktpolitik (1)
- Evapotranspiration (1)
- Event normalization (1)
- Event processing (1)
- Event related potential (1)
- Event-related potential (1)
- Event-related potentials (1)
- Events (1)
- Evidence-based policy making (1)
- Evidentialität (1)
- Evolution (1)
- Evolution in MDE (1)
- Ex situ conservation (1)
- Exceptional alternation (1)
- Exciplex (1)
- Exhumationsprozesse (1)
- Exil (1)
- Expected satiation (1)
- Expected satiety (1)
- Expected thirst (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Experimentalverlauf (1)
- Experimentation (1)
- Export regime (1)
- Extended R-Value model (1)
- External stimuli (1)
- Externalizing disorders (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Extreme events (1)
- Extremereignisse (1)
- Extremum seeking (1)
- Eye-tracking (1)
- F12 methods (1)
- FAME (1)
- FKBP5 (1)
- FOSS (1)
- Fabaceae (1)
- Face categorization (1)
- Facebook (1)
- Facies (1)
- Fagus-Sylvatica L (1)
- Fallstudie (1)
- Fama (1)
- Familienstand (1)
- Fault slip (1)
- Fe-C composite (1)
- Fecundity (1)
- Feedback (1)
- Feedback Loops (1)
- Feedback heuristics (1)
- Fehler machen (1)
- Felix-App (1)
- Felsic volcanism (1)
- Female labor-force participation (1)
- Female moratorium (1)
- Ferdinand de Saussure (1)
- Fermentation (1)
- Fernerkundung (1)
- Fernerkundungsdaten (1)
- Fertility (1)
- Feshbach resonance (1)
- Festuca brevipila (1)
- Fettsäure (1)
- Fiber analysis (1)
- Fibonacci numbers (1)
- Fibrosis (1)
- Field aquifer (1)
- Film (1)
- Filming. A Love Story (1)
- Finanzierungsformen (1)
- Finger counting (1)
- Finger-based numerical representations (1)
- Finite energy sections (1)
- Finite horizon (1)
- Fire (1)
- Firefly luciferase inhibition (1)
- First passage time (1)
- Fixationsbewegungen der Augen (1)
- Flachseen (1)
- Flagellate grazing (1)
- Flare (1)
- Flares, dynamics (1)
- Flexible linker (1)
- Flood (1)
- Floral scent compound (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Fluid intelligence (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluoreszenzsensor (1)
- Fluoroassay (1)
- Flussbettmorphologie (1)
- Flussfotolyse (1)
- Flutschäden (1)
- Fokker-Planck equations (1)
- Fokker-Planck-Smoluchowski equation (1)
- Fokus (1)
- Fokussensitivität (1)
- Foliated spaces (1)
- Food Chain (1)
- Food approach (1)
- Food avoidance (1)
- Food quality (1)
- Foragers (1)
- Foraminifera (1)
- Force (1)
- Force splitting (1)
- Foresight (1)
- Forest disturbance (1)
- Forest soils (1)
- Formale Semantik (1)
- Formate dehydrogenase (1)
- Formationsfluid (1)
- Formica pratensis (1)
- Forschungsprojekte (1)
- Fourier spectra (1)
- Fourier-Spektren (1)
- Fourier-transform infrared (1)
- Fractionation (1)
- Fraktion (1)
- Framework (1)
- France (1)
- Frankreich (1)
- Fredholm Komplexe (1)
- Fredholm complexes (1)
- Free-electron laser (1)
- Freeze-fracturing (1)
- Freshwater ecosystem (1)
- Frost-cracking (1)
- Function (1)
- Functional aging (1)
- Functional averaging (1)
- Fundamental Ideas (1)
- Futtermittel (1)
- Futtermittel für Wiederkäuer (1)
- Future SOC Lab (1)
- Futures studies (1)
- Fuzzy logic (1)
- Fußnoten (1)
- Fällungsreaktion (1)
- Föderalismus (1)
- Förderprogramm (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptor (1)
- G-quadruplexes (1)
- G. Bingham Powell (1)
- GABA(B) receptor (1)
- GEO BON (1)
- GIAO calculations (1)
- GRIND (1)
- Gadot Formation (1)
- Galactic Ring Survey (1)
- Galaxienentstehung (1)
- Galaxienphysik (1)
- Galaxy: evolution (1)
- Galaxy: halo (1)
- Gamma rays: General (1)
- Gangsta-Rap (1)
- Gap Year (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gas-phase electron diffraction (1)
- Gashydrate (1)
- Gastrointestinal tract (1)
- Gate-effects (1)
- Gebirgshydrologie (1)
- Gebrauch (1)
- Gehirn (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Gene-environment interaction (1)
- Generalisation (1)
- Generalized hybrid Monte Carlo (1)
- Genetic association (1)
- Genetic drift (1)
- Genetic model (1)
- Genetic programming (1)
- Genetik (1)
- Genome Assembly (1)
- Genome Scaffold (1)
- Genomic evolution (1)
- Genotypic differences (1)
- Geochemistry (1)
- Geodetic measurements (1)
- Geodynamo (1)
- Geographie (1)
- Geoinformatik (1)
- Geologie (1)
- Geomagnetic field (1)
- Geomorphic systems (1)
- Geophysik (1)
- Geosciences (1)
- Geovisualisierung (1)
- German Democratic Republic (1)
- German border region neighbouring with Poland (1)
- German colonialism (1)
- German foreign policy (1)
- German lessons (1)
- German literature (1)
- German rap (1)
- German version (1)
- Germanistik (1)
- Germination (1)
- Gerüchte (1)
- Geschichte (1)
- Geschlechterkonstruktion (1)
- Geschmacksrezeptor (1)
- Geschäftsprozesse (1)
- Gewebewachstum (1)
- Gil Ben Aych (1)
- Girls (1)
- Givenness (1)
- Glacial landscape history (1)
- Global change (1)
- Global environmental change (1)
- Global supply chains (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Globally hyperbolic Lorentz manifold (1)
- Glomerular filtration rate (1)
- Glucagon (1)
- Glucocorticoid receptor (1)
- Glycerophospholipids (1)
- Glycosylierung (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Goursat problem (1)
- Grain size (1)
- Granites (1)
- Granulites (1)
- Graphdatenbanken (1)
- Graphtransformationen (1)
- Grass flush (1)
- Grassfields Bantu (1)
- Grassland (1)
- Grassland diversity (1)
- Grazing (1)
- Greek Historiography (1)
- Green Biorefinery (1)
- Grenzziehungsarbeit (1)
- Grime strategy (1)
- Grip strength (1)
- Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) (1)
- Ground penetrating radar (1)
- Ground reaction force (1)
- Groundwater-stream water interactions (1)
- Growth (1)
- Groß Schönebeck (1)
- Großer Brand Roms (1)
- Grundschüler/innen (1)
- Gründungsförderung (1)
- Guerre froide (1)
- Gustav Rose (1)
- Gutenberg-Richter relationship (1)
- H II regions (1)
- HEK293 (1)
- HESS Galactic Plane Survey (1)
- HP-LT rocks (1)
- HP-granulite (1)
- HP/LT metamorphism (1)
- HP/LT-Metamorphose (1)
- HPµF (1)
- HTC biochar (1)
- HTHP (1)
- Handschriften (1)
- Hangerosion (1)
- Hantavirus infection (1)
- Haplotype (1)
- Haushaltseinkommen (1)
- Health (1)
- Health economics (1)
- Health promotion (1)
- Heating energy demand (1)
- Heavy metal ions (1)
- Heimatverlust (1)
- Hemispheric specialization (1)
- Hemispherical photography (1)
- Henlesche Schleife (1)
- Hepatotoxicity (1)
- Herkunft (1)
- Herodot (1)
- Herodotus (1)
- Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams (1)
- Heterocycles (1)
- Heterogeneous agents (1)
- Hierarchical linear modeling (1)
- High pressure - low temperature treatments (1)
- Hilbig (1)
- Himalaya (1)
- Himalayas (1)
- Hindi (1)
- Hindi film (1)
- Hirnentwicklung (1)
- Historische Epistemologie (1)
- History (1)
- Hochschuldidaktik (1)
- Hochwasser (1)
- Hochwasserrekonstruktion (1)
- Holocaust (1)
- Holocene Climate (1)
- Holocene peat sequence (1)
- Holozän (1)
- Home telemonitoring (1)
- Honigbiene (1)
- Horse (1)
- Host shift (1)
- Host-plant suitability (1)
- Hot/cool executive function (1)
- Hugo Grotius (1)
- Human (1)
- Human capital resource (1)
- Human differentiated neurons (1)
- Human donor blood (1)
- Human population genomics (1)
- Humboldt (1)
- Humboldt-Forschung (1)
- Humboldtian Science (1)
- Humic layer (1)
- Humus forms (1)
- Hungarian (1)
- Hunter-gatherers (1)
- Hybrid App (1)
- Hybrid materials (1)
- Hydrathabitus (1)
- Hydraulic connectivity (1)
- Hydraulics (1)
- Hydrodynamics (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hydrogen-bonding (1)
- Hydrophobic (1)
- Hyogo (1)
- Hyperbolic dynamical system (1)
- Hypercholesterolemia (1)
- Hyperschall (1)
- Hyperschall Propagation (1)
- Hyperspektral (1)
- Hypoxia (1)
- IAT (1)
- IB (1)
- IB4 (1)
- ICSS (1)
- ICT (1)
- ICT Competence (1)
- ICT skills (1)
- IGF-1 (1)
- IHE attack (1)
- IMS (1)
- IODP (1)
- ISM: Supernova remnants (1)
- ISM: abundances (1)
- ISM: individual objects: HESS J1832-093 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: M 42 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: Puppis A (1)
- ISM: individual objects: SNR G22.7-0.2 (1)
- ISM: lines and bands (1)
- ISM: molecules (1)
- Ibero-Romance (1)
- Identities (1)
- Idiosyncratic risk (1)
- Image filtering (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Immigration by air (1)
- Immobilization (1)
- Immunoactive properties (1)
- Implicit Association Test (IAT) (1)
- Impulsivity (1)
- In-Memory Technologie (1)
- In-situ Laser Ablation Split Stream ICPMS (1)
- Incidence rates (1)
- Inclusion (1)
- Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) (1)
- Index Theorie (1)
- Index theory (1)
- Indian English novel (1)
- Indian Summer Monsoon (1)
- Indian cinema (1)
- Indien (1)
- Indirect searches (1)
- Individual based model (1)
- Individual differences (1)
- Individual size (1)
- Indochina (1)
- Indonesia (1)
- Induced seismicity (1)
- Infant regulatory problems (1)
- Infinitival patterns (1)
- Informatik (1)
- Information and communication technologies (ICT) (1)
- Information structure (1)
- Informatische Kompetenzen (1)
- Infrarot (1)
- Infrastructure Covered Bond (1)
- Infrastrukturfinanzierung (1)
- Ingo Schwarz (1)
- Inhaltsanalyse (1)
- Innovation networks (1)
- Innovationsmanagement (1)
- Innovationsmethode (1)
- Inquiry-based Learning (1)
- Instability (1)
- Instabilität (1)
- Instructional practices (1)
- Insulin-induzierte Hypoglykämie (1)
- Integration of writing didactic in academic disciplines (1)
- Integrative taxonomy (1)
- Intelligence (1)
- Interaction (1)
- Interactive effects (1)
- Interaktion (1)
- Interaktionsanalyse (1)
- Interception (1)
- Interchain interactions (1)
- Interest (1)
- Interface design (1)
- Interference (1)
- Interferometry (1)
- Interkulturelle Äquivalenz (1)
- Intermedialität (1)
- Intermittent exercise (1)
- Internalizing symptoms (1)
- Internationale Freiwilligendienste (1)
- Intertrial coherence (1)
- Intervention study (1)
- Intra-individual response-time variability (1)
- Intra-oceanic subduction (1)
- Intra-parietal sulcus (1)
- Intraspecific genetic variation (1)
- Intraspecific variation (1)
- Intubation (1)
- Inventory holding costs (1)
- Inventory systems (1)
- Inverse theory (1)
- Investment (1)
- Ionic liquids (1)
- Ionogels (1)
- Iran (1)
- Irrfahrten auf Graphen (1)
- Isoflavone (1)
- Isotope (1)
- Isotope-dilution analysis (1)
- Isotopes (1)
- Issue 95 (1)
- Isábena Einzugsgebiet (1)
- Isábena catchment (1)
- Italy (1)
- Iterated corner asymptotics of solutions (1)
- Ito integral (1)
- JIT compilers (1)
- Jewish exile (1)
- Judaism (1)
- Judentum (1)
- Jump height (1)
- Jump processes (1)
- Jura (1)
- Justice (1)
- Justice sensitivity (1)
- Jüdisches Exil (1)
- Kabelbelegung (1)
- Kakataibo (1)
- Kalibrierung von Spektrografen (1)
- Kalter Krieg (1)
- Kamchatka (1)
- Kapitalmarkt (1)
- Kapitalmarktrelevanz (1)
- Karbonate (1)
- Katutura (1)
- Kernelization (1)
- Khatanga river (1)
- Kind (1)
- Kindheit (1)
- Kinesin V (1)
- Kinetic model (1)
- Kinetik (1)
- Kleegras (1)
- Klimaanpassung (1)
- Knee valgus motion (1)
- Knowledge creep (1)
- Knowledge utilization (1)
- Koaleszenz (1)
- Kohlenstoffnitride (1)
- Kohlenstoffspeicher (1)
- Kollaborationen (1)
- Kolloidtransport (1)
- Kolloquium (1)
- Kolonialgeschichte (1)
- Kolumbien (1)
- Kommentar (1)
- Kommune (1)
- Kommunismus (1)
- Kommunistische Internationale (1)
- Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (1)
- Kompetenzen (1)
- Komplexität (1)
- Komposite (1)
- Kongress (1)
- Konjunktion (1)
- Konvergenzkriterien (1)
- Konvergenzrate (1)
- Konversationsanalyse (1)
- Konzentration (1)
- Koppelung (1)
- Kopplung zwischen Magnetosphäre, Ionosphäre und Thermosphäre (1)
- Koregistrierung (1)
- Koronarangiographie (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- Kosmologie: Beobachtungen (1)
- Kosmosvorträge (1)
- Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse (1)
- Kritische Diskursanalyse (1)
- Kräftedreieck (1)
- Kuba (1)
- Kultur (1)
- Kyrgyzstan (1)
- Kyros II (1)
- Körpergewichsterhalt (1)
- Körpergewichtsverlust (1)
- Küstenerosion (1)
- Küstenfluten (1)
- L-2-invariants (1)
- L-selectin (1)
- L1 Polish (1)
- L11 (1)
- L2 German (1)
- L26 (1)
- L95 (1)
- LCST behavior (1)
- LEM-domain (1)
- LHC (1)
- LIKE-AUX1 (LAX) (1)
- LINC complex (1)
- LLSVPs (1)
- Lacustrine sediment (1)
- Lacustrine surface samples (1)
- Lagrangian system (1)
- Lagrangian-averaged equations (1)
- Lake (1)
- Lake deposits (1)
- Lake level (1)
- Lake sediment (1)
- Lake sediments (1)
- Lakes (1)
- Lamin (1)
- Land use (1)
- Land use intensity (1)
- Land-use planning (1)
- Landnutzung (1)
- Landnutzungswandel (1)
- Landschaftsentwicklung (1)
- Langmuir monolayer (1)
- Language production (1)
- Language understanding (1)
- Languages (1)
- Langzeitaustrocknung (1)
- Langzeitverhalten (1)
- Lanthanide (1)
- Laos (1)
- Laplace-Beltrami operator (1)
- Larger foraminifera (1)
- Laser ICP-MS (1)
- Last Glacial Maximum (1)
- Late Pleistocene (1)
- Lateral jumps (1)
- Lateralization (1)
- Latitudinal gradient (1)
- Layer-by-layer (1)
- Leadership (1)
- Leaf area index (1)
- Leaf litter (1)
- Leaf senescence (1)
- Leaking (1)
- Learners (1)
- Learning Fields (1)
- Learning ecology (1)
- Learning interfaces development (1)
- Learning with ICT (1)
- Leavenworthia alabamica (1)
- Lebensmittelkette (1)
- Lebensmittelnachfrage (1)
- Left middle and superior temporal gyri (1)
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (1)
- Left-ordered groups (1)
- Lehr- Lernkulturen (1)
- Lehrerbildung (1)
- Lehrpotential (1)
- Lehrreflexion (1)
- Lehrtext (1)
- Lemna minor (1)
- Lemnaceae (1)
- Lernwiderstände (1)
- Lesion formation (1)
- Level of abstraction (1)
- Levy diffusion approximation (1)
- Levy diffusions on manifolds (1)
- Levy flights (1)
- Lexical database (1)
- LiDAR (1)
- Lichenometry (1)
- Lidar (1)
- Life cycle assessment (1)
- Life history (1)
- Life science (1)
- Light scattering (1)
- Limonoid (1)
- Linguistics (1)
- Linking (1)
- Lipid (1)
- Lipid biomarkers (1)
- Lipid profile (1)
- Lipopolysaccharid (1)
- Liquid Jet (1)
- Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- Liquids (1)
- Lisbon Treaty (1)
- Load Balancing (1)
- Lobelia tupa (1)
- Local Group (1)
- Local index theory (1)
- Local plant-abundance (1)
- Location awareness (1)
- Logarithm (1)
- Logic tree (1)
- Long term management (1)
- Long-range transport (1)
- Long-term effects (1)
- Loop-loop systems (1)
- Low flow indicator (1)
- Low frequency amplitude variability (1)
- Low rank matrices (1)
- Low temperature NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Lower Secondary Level (1)
- Lu-Hf geochronology (1)
- Luminescence spectroscopy (1)
- Luzerne (1)
- Lyakhovsky Island (1)
- Lyme-disease (1)
- Lysophosphatidylcholines (1)
- MALDI imaging (1)
- MATLAB (1)
- MCPH (1)
- MDE Ansatz (1)
- MDE settings (1)
- MONOPTEROS (ARF5) (1)
- MOOCs (1)
- MRSA (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Madeira island (1)
- Maghreb (1)
- Magnetic hydrochar (1)
- Magnetic susceptibility (1)
- Magnetostratigraphy (1)
- Magnetotellurics (1)
- Managementroutinen (1)
- Mandarin Chinese (1)
- Manganese (1)
- Mann-Kendall test (1)
- Mantle processes (1)
- Marangoni flow (1)
- Marangoni-Fluss (1)
- Marcus canonical equation (1)
- Marine Isotope Stage 3 (1)
- Marine ecology (1)
- Marke (1)
- Markenpersönlichkeit (1)
- Marketing (1)
- Markov Chain (1)
- Markov Chain Monte Carlo inversion (1)
- Markov chain (1)
- Markov processes (1)
- Markovprozesse (1)
- Mars (1)
- Marsanaloge Regolithe (1)
- Martian regolith analogs (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Massenbewegungen (1)
- Massenbewegungsgeschwindigkeiten (1)
- Massenversatzprozesse (1)
- Massive Open Online Courses (1)
- Mastery goals (1)
- Matching (1)
- Materialeigenschaften (1)
- Maternal effects (1)
- Math achievement (1)
- Mathematics textbooks (1)
- Mato Grosso (1)
- Maule earthquake (1)
- Mean-field Theorie (1)
- Media (1)
- Medical education (1)
- Medien (1)
- Mediennutzung (1)
- Medienrecht (1)
- Medienwissenschaft (1)
- Meeresspiegel (1)
- Meeresspiegelanstieg (1)
- Mehrfamilienhäuser (1)
- Mekong Delta (1)
- Melt inclusions (1)
- Memory (1)
- Menderes Massif (1)
- Mensch (1)
- Menschenrecht (1)
- Menschenrechte (1)
- Mental arithmetic (1)
- Mental health (1)
- Mental image (1)
- Mentoring (1)
- Mentoringbeziehung (1)
- Mentoringgespräche (1)
- Mentoringkonzepte (1)
- Mercuric mercury (1)
- Meromorphic operator-valued symbols (1)
- Mesoangioblasts (1)
- Mesoscale systems (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metalloenzymes (1)
- Metaphor (1)
- Metasomatism (1)
- Methanhydrat (1)
- Methoden der Selbstreflektion (1)
- Methoden: Datenauswertung (1)
- Methoden: statistisch (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Mice (1)
- Micellar caseins (1)
- Michael addition (1)
- Microbial carbon transfer (1)
- Microbial degradation (1)
- Microcebus murinus (1)
- Microfossils (1)
- Microfoundations (1)
- Microperoxidase-11 (1)
- Microphysical properties (1)
- Microscale electrode (1)
- Microspore (1)
- Microtus agrestis (1)
- Microwave chemistry (1)
- Middle Palaeolithic (1)
- Middle childhood (1)
- Midrash (1)
- Migmatites (1)
- Migrationsdiskurs (1)
- Mikrofluidik (1)
- Mikrokanal (1)
- Mikrosakkaden (1)
- Mikrosakkadensequenzen (1)
- Milchsäure (1)
- Milium effusum (1)
- Mineral soil (1)
- Mineralreaktion (1)
- Minimum landing size (1)
- Miocene (1)
- Missions (1)
- Mittag-Leffler functions (1)
- Mitzvah (1)
- Mixed strategy (1)
- Mixture model (1)
- Miyakejima intrusion (1)
- Mobile Belts (1)
- Mobile Campus Application (1)
- Mobile application (1)
- Modalität (1)
- Model (1)
- Model Analysis (1)
- Model Implementation (1)
- Model availability (1)
- Model comparison (1)
- Modeling framework (1)
- Modeling tools for decision-making (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modellgetrieben (1)
- Modelling Framework (1)
- Modelltransformation (1)
- Modern pollen/vegetation relationships (1)
- Modified Hamiltonians (1)
- Modifikationsphase (1)
- Molecular clouds (1)
- Molecular dynamics (1)
- Molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- Molecular heterosis (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular motor (1)
- Molecular orientation (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- Molecules (1)
- Mollification (1)
- Molybdenum (1)
- Molybdenum-iron-iron-sulfur cluster (1)
- Monetary incentive delay task (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monoclonal MIPs (1)
- Monomolecular reaction (1)
- Monsun-Unterbrechungen (1)
- Morbus Parkinson (1)
- Mormyridae (1)
- Morphogenese (1)
- Morphogenesis (1)
- Morphological cues (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Morse-Smale property (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Mortality causes (1)
- Moss samples (1)
- Motor coordination (1)
- Motor planning/programming (1)
- Moving window (1)
- Multi-Instanzen (1)
- Multi-Spektrum-Regularisierung (1)
- Multi-locus phylogeny (1)
- Multicore Architekturen (1)
- Multifunctionality (1)
- Multilayer (1)
- Multilevel analysis (1)
- Multilevel model (1)
- Multiple herbivory (1)
- Multiple interpretation scheme (1)
- Multiple risk factor intervention (1)
- Multiwalled carbon nanotube (1)
- Municipality data (1)
- Murine leukemia virus (1)
- Muscle (1)
- Music Technology (1)
- Myoblasts (1)
- Myokardinfarkt (1)
- Myzus persicae (1)
- México (1)
- Müll (1)
- N (1)
- N efficiency (1)
- N-Vinylcaprolactam (1)
- N-Vinylpyrrolidon (1)
- N-vinylcaprolactame (1)
- N-vinylpyrrolidone (1)
- N400 (1)
- NAFLD (1)
- NCA (1)
- NF-B (1)
- NICE-2014 (1)
- NUI (1)
- Nachahmung (1)
- Nachbeben (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit im ländlichen Raum (1)
- Nachlass (1)
- Nahrungsmittelselbstversorgung (1)
- Nahrungsmittelsicherheit (1)
- Nahrungsnetz (1)
- Namibia (1)
- Nanoeisen (1)
- Nanograin charge (1)
- Nanogranitoids (1)
- Nanohybrid (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) (1)
- Naphthalimid (1)
- National Socialism (1)
- Natural Science Education (1)
- Natural gas network (1)
- Natural language processing (1)
- Natural population (1)
- Natural products (1)
- Nature conservation management (1)
- Navier-Stokes equations (1)
- Navigation (1)
- Near surface geophysics (1)
- Neglect (1)
- Negotiation (1)
- Neotektonik (1)
- Nephrorathia-Epidemica (1)
- Nero (1)
- Nest protection (1)
- Network analysis (1)
- Network graph (1)
- Network monitoring (1)
- Network topology (1)
- Networked foresight (1)
- Networks (1)
- Netzwerke des Wissens (1)
- Neu-Spanien (1)
- Neue Kulturgeographie (1)
- Neuroenhancement (NE) (1)
- Neurotoxicity (1)
- Neuverschuldung (1)
- New Cultural Geography (1)
- Newton method (1)
- Next/second-generation sequencing (1)
- Niche partitioning (1)
- Nickel oxide (1)
- Niederschlagsinterpolation (1)
- Niere (1)
- Niger (1)
- Nitric oxide (1)
- No God in Sight (1)
- NoSQL (1)
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (1)
- Non-pharmacological intervention (1)
- Nonlinear X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Norepinephrine transporter (1)
- Normierung Soziolinguistik (1)
- North Pacific (1)
- North-Atlantic climate (1)
- Norway (1)
- Novice programmers (1)
- Nuclear accent (1)
- Nuclear envelope (1)
- Nuclear explosions (1)
- Nuclear lamina (1)
- Nuclear receptor (1)
- Null model (1)
- Number cognition (1)
- Number morphology (1)
- Number of taste organs (1)
- Number representation (1)
- Numerical estimation (1)
- Numerical experiment (1)
- Nutrient export (1)
- Nutrients (1)
- Nutritional ecology (1)
- O horizon (1)
- O-2 (1)
- O-Antigen (1)
- O-antigen (1)
- OCD (1)
- ODE model (1)
- OSIRIS (1)
- Oberfläche (1)
- Oberflächenemissivität (1)
- Oberflächenprozesse (1)
- Object Versioning (1)
- Objekt-Constraint Programmierung (1)
- Observational (1)
- Occupational therapists (1)
- Occupational therapy (1)
- Octopamin (1)
- Ocular drift (1)
- Oculo-motor control (1)
- Oculomotor resonance (1)
- Old Red Sandstone (1)
- Older patients (1)
- Online Marketing (1)
- Online morpho-syntactic processing (1)
- Oomycetes (1)
- Opal-A (1)
- Opal-CT (1)
- Open Science (1)
- Open innovation (1)
- OpenLayers 3 (1)
- Operand order effect (1)
- Ophiolite obduction (1)
- Ophrys (1)
- Optimal foraging (1)
- Optimal stochastic and deterministic (1)
- Optimierungen (1)
- Opto-mechanically induced scission of (1)
- Opto-mechanically induced scission of polymer chains (1)
- Ordensgeschichte (1)
- Order-preserving maps (1)
- Ordinality (1)
- Organic carbon (1)
- Organic pollutants (1)
- Organisationsveränderung (1)
- Organizational epistemology (1)
- Oriental/Persian Monarchy (1)
- Orthographie (1)
- Osmium (1)
- Osteoblast (1)
- Ostkordillere (1)
- Othering (1)
- Oxalat-Fällung (1)
- Oxidative stress (1)
- Oxygen heterocycles (1)
- P ligands (1)
- P2 (1)
- PAHs (1)
- PBPK (1)
- PBTK (1)
- PCDitch (1)
- PCLake (1)
- PDE6D (1)
- PET (1)
- PHS2 (1)
- PIN (1)
- POCT (1)
- POD (1)
- PPP (1)
- PT estimates (1)
- PTMEs (1)
- PUFA (1)
- Palaeolimnology (1)
- Palaeolithic (1)
- Palaeotemperature (1)
- Paleo (1)
- Paleoceanography (1)
- Paleoenvironmental (1)
- Palygorskite (1)
- Paläoaltimetrie (1)
- Paläoklima (1)
- Paläotektonik (1)
- Papierchromatographie (1)
- Parafoveal (1)
- Parafoveal processing (1)
- Parallel job execution time estimation (1)
- Parameterized complexity (1)
- Parenting quality (1)
- Paris (1)
- Particle mobility (1)
- Passive (1)
- Pastoralism (1)
- Pather Panchali (1)
- Pathogenerkennung (1)
- Patient (1)
- Pea flour (1)
- Pea protein isolate (1)
- Pedagogical content knowledge (1)
- Pelletbildung (1)
- Pelvic breadth (1)
- Pentacyclic triterpene methyl ethers (1)
- Pentylsedinine (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Perceptual span (1)
- Perfekt (1)
- Performance (1)
- Performance Evaluation (1)
- Periplaneta americana (1)
- Permanent uplift (1)
- Permuted balance (1)
- Peronospora farinosa (1)
- Perowskit-Oxide (1)
- Perturbation (1)
- Perturbation theory (1)
- Pervasive computing (1)
- Pest infestation (1)
- Pest-pest interaction (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phasenübergang (1)
- Phenols (1)
- Phenotypic plasticity (1)
- Phenylpropanoids (1)
- Phonology (1)
- Phononen Dynamik (1)
- Phononen Dämpfung (1)
- Phononen Rückfaltung (1)
- Phonotactics (1)
- Phosphat akkumulierende Organismen (1)
- Phosphatase (1)
- Phosphatidylcholines (1)
- Phosphatidylinositols (1)
- Phosphogenesis (1)
- Phosphorylierung (1)
- Photoinduced optical anisotropy (1)
- Photokatalyse (1)
- Photolysis (1)
- Photon Density Wave spectroscopy (1)
- Phylogenese (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Physical Science (1)
- Physical environment (1)
- Physicochemical properties (1)
- Physics (1)
- Phytotoxicity (1)
- Pi interactions (1)
- Pico de Teide (1)
- Pikosekundenakustik (1)
- Pine Island Glacier (1)
- Piperidine alkaloid (1)
- Planetary rings (1)
- Plant community ecology (1)
- Plant soil feedbacks (1)
- Plant-soil feedback (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plasma convection (1)
- Plasmalogens (1)
- Plasmonik (1)
- Plateau (1)
- Platinum group metals (1)
- Plato´s Cratylus (1)
- Plausible values (1)
- Plaza Mayor (1)
- Plebs urbana (1)
- Pleistocene and Holocene climate (1)
- Plume (1)
- Pointing (1)
- Political realism (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Pollen source area (1)
- Polnisch (1)
- Poly vinyl alcohol (1)
- Polyaromatic fragments (1)
- Polyelektrolyte (1)
- Polyether ether ketone (1)
- Polyethyleneimine (1)
- Polyimides (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymer degradation (1)
- Polymorphism (1)
- Polymorphismus (1)
- Polypeptoid (1)
- Pontiden (1)
- Pore analysis (1)
- Portugal (1)
- Positive selection (1)
- Post-glacial landscape (1)
- Post-polymerization modification (1)
- Postmortal organ donation (1)
- Postpartum anxiety disorders (1)
- Postpartum depression (1)
- Potential of mean force (1)
- Potsdam 2013 (1)
- Power (1)
- Poylaniline (1)
- Praktikum (1)
- Pre-school children (1)
- Precaution (1)
- Predation (1)
- Prediabetes (1)
- Predictability (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Prediction error signal (1)
- Prediction of achievement in science (1)
- Predictors (1)
- Presskuchen (1)
- Presssaft (1)
- Presystemic metabolism (1)
- Preußischer Kulturbesitz (1)
- Prevalence (1)
- Primary: 47B35 (1)
- Privacy (1)
- Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and Bayesian inference (1)
- Problem Solving (1)
- Process Mining (1)
- Process Monitoring (1)
- Process analytical technology (1)
- Process choreographies (1)
- Process model repositories (1)
- Process model search (1)
- Process modeling (1)
- Process models (1)
- Process-oriented writing didactic (1)
- Procyanidins (1)
- Professional Knowledge (1)
- Professionalisierung der Stadträte (1)
- Prognosen (1)
- Programming Environments (1)
- Progressive (1)
- Prohibited performance enhancement (1)
- Projective meaning (1)
- Projektionen (1)
- Prominences, active (1)
- Pronominal anaphora (1)
- Propensity score matching (1)
- Prosodic phrasing (1)
- Prosody (1)
- Prospective study (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein aggregation (1)
- Protein-Kohlenhydrat Interaktionen (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Protic 2-hydroxyethylammonium ionic liquids (1)
- Prozess- und Datenintegration (1)
- Prozessarchitektur (1)
- Prozessautomatisierung (1)
- Prozessorientierte Didaktik (1)
- Prozessorientierte Schreibdidaktik (1)
- Prozessregenerierung (1)
- Prozessverfeinerung (1)
- Pseudo-binary phase diagrams (1)
- Psychiatrie (1)
- Psychoeducation (1)
- Psycholinguistics (1)
- Psychosocial stress (1)
- Psychotropics (1)
- Public Corporate Governance (1)
- Public Management (1)
- Public administration (1)
- Public debt (1)
- Publizieren (1)
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension (1)
- Puna (1)
- Punctuated equilibrium theory (1)
- Purification (1)
- Push factor (1)
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (1)
- Q49 (1)
- QSAR (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- Qualitätsmanagement (1)
- Quantum chemical calculations (1)
- Quartiersrat (1)
- Quasare: Absorptionslinien (1)
- Quasi Random Walk (1)
- Quasi-Kondensat (1)
- Quasi-aromaticity (1)
- Quasilinear equations (1)
- Quaternary climate (1)
- Question answering (1)
- Questionnaire (1)
- Questionnaires (1)
- Quinonoid structure (1)
- R (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNA Sequencing (1)
- RNA Sequenzierung (1)
- RP2 (1)
- RSA triangle (1)
- RT-qPCR (1)
- Rabbi Akiva (1)
- Rac-metalaxyl (1)
- Racket (1)
- Radiation mechanisms: Non-termal (1)
- Radiolaria (1)
- Raman microspectroscopy (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Randomized-controlled trial (1)
- Rapper (1)
- Rapperin (1)
- Rapssamen (1)
- Rare earth element (REE) distribution (1)
- Raub (1)
- Raum (1)
- Rawls (1)
- Reaction mechanism (1)
- Reading comprehension (1)
- Rearrangement (1)
- Rechenschaftspflicht (1)
- Reciprocal processes (1)
- Reclassification (1)
- Recommendations for CS-Curricula in Higher Education (1)
- Redox potential (1)
- Reduction targets (1)
- Reduktase (1)
- Reduktionismus (1)
- Refinanzierung (1)
- Reflex (1)
- Reflexion (1)
- Reflexivpronomen (1)
- Reformen (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Regime shifts (1)
- Regionalization (1)
- Regolith (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Regulierung (1)
- Rehabilitation success (1)
- Reibungskoeffizient (1)
- Reinforcement learning (1)
- Reiseliteratur (1)
- Reisemanuskripte (1)
- Reisetagebücher (1)
- Reiterstandbild (1)
- Rejection sensitivity (1)
- Rekommunalisierung (1)
- Relative clause (1)
- Relativsätze (1)
- Relaxin (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Renovation (1)
- Research School (1)
- Residential building stock (1)
- Resonance-free ultrasound emitter (1)
- Resource provisioning (1)
- Respiratory aspiration (1)
- Retrieval (1)
- Reversibility (1)
- Reviewer (1)
- Reward system (1)
- Rezeption (1)
- Rezeptorscreening (1)
- Rheasilvia (1)
- Rheinfränkisch (1)
- Rhine Franconian (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Rhodamin B (1)
- Ribosome (1)
- Rio Grande (1)
- Riparian zone (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Risk control (1)
- Risk factor (1)
- Risk model (1)
- Risk zoning (1)
- Roach (1)
- Rock glacier (1)
- Rodent populations (1)
- Rolland Doukhan (1)
- Rosa x level (1)
- Rotliegend (1)
- Rumpfmuskelkraft (1)
- Rundfunk (1)
- Rundfunkordnung (1)
- Russland-Reise (1)
- Russland-Tagebuch (1)
- Russlandreise (1)
- République Démocratique Allemande (1)
- S1P(3) receptor (1)
- S4-S5 linker (1)
- SANS (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SCFA (1)
- SEC (1)
- SLC13A5 (1)
- SOE (1)
- SORLA (1)
- SQL (1)
- SSD (1)
- SU5416 (1)
- Sakkadendetektion (1)
- Salamanders (1)
- Salamandra (1)
- Salento (1)
- Salivary gland (1)
- Salz (1)
- Salztransport (1)
- Sanierung (1)
- Sarcopenia (1)
- Saturn, rings (1)
- Saturn, satellites (1)
- Savanna rangeland dynamics (1)
- Scaling (1)
- Scanpaths (1)
- Scenario (1)
- Scheibengalaxien (1)
- Scheidung (1)
- Schloss Tegel (1)
- Schlüsselkompetenzen (1)
- Schlüsselkompetenzen (1)
- Schreibdidaktik in Fachlehre integrieren (1)
- Schreiben (1)
- Schreibfähigkeit (1)
- Schreibkompetenz (1)
- Schriftbildlichkeit (1)
- Schriftsprache (1)
- Schrödinger Problem (1)
- Schrödinger problem (1)
- Schulbuch (1)
- Schule (1)
- Schulleiter (1)
- Schulleiterwirksamkeit (1)
- Schulleitung (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Science (1)
- Science achievement (1)
- Scientific inquiry (1)
- Sea ice (1)
- Sea-level change (1)
- Seasonality (1)
- Second language (1)
- Secondary prevention (1)
- Secondary school level (1)
- Secondary: 47L80 (1)
- Security Council (1)
- Sediment Fingerprinting (1)
- Sediment production (1)
- Sediment recycling (1)
- Sediment supply (1)
- Sediments (1)
- Sedimenttransport (1)
- Seebeck ratchet (1)
- Seed immigration (1)
- Seed provenance (1)
- Seismic refraction (1)
- Seismic tomography (1)
- Seismologie (1)
- Seismotectonic segmentation (1)
- Seismoturbidites (1)
- Selbstevaluation (1)
- Selbstkongruenz (1)
- Selbstkonzept (1)
- Selection effects (1)
- Self-control (1)
- Self-efficacy (1)
- Self-employment (1)
- Self-powered biosensor (1)
- Self-regulation (1)
- Seltenerdelemente (1)
- Semantic priming (1)
- Semantic typicality (1)
- Seminar-, Haus- oder Abschlussarbeiten betreuen (1)
- Sensitivity analysis (1)
- Sensorimotor training (1)
- Sensory cues (1)
- Sensory zone (1)
- Sentence Type (1)
- Sentence comprehension (1)
- Sentence comprehension deficits (1)
- Sentence processing (1)
- Sentence reading (1)
- Sequences (1)
- Serotonin (1)
- Service detection (1)
- Service-oriented Architecture (1)
- Sex difference (1)
- Sexual dimorphism (1)
- Shallow Lake (1)
- Shallow lakes (1)
- Shannon diversity (1)
- Shannon entropy (1)
- Shear flow (1)
- Shoah (1)
- Short chain dehydrogenase (1)
- Si fractions (1)
- Sign language (1)
- Signal propagation (1)
- Signaling transduction networks (1)
- Silica (1)
- Simulation of polymer XPS (1)
- Simulationsexperimente (1)
- Single-station sigma (1)
- Singularities (1)
- Site effects (1)
- Site-specific agricultural land-use (1)
- Situated cognition (1)
- Situationssemantik (1)
- Size distribution (1)
- Skeletochronology (1)
- Skill (1)
- Skills (1)
- Skript-Entwicklungsumgebungen (1)
- Slow positive wave (1)
- Slumming (1)
- Slumtourismus (1)
- Small Private Online Courses (1)
- Smalltalk (1)
- Smoking (1)
- Smoking cessation (1)
- Snap-through instability (1)
- Social (1)
- Social Choice Theory (1)
- Social Cognition (1)
- Social-Exchange-Theorie (1)
- Socio-economics (1)
- Software (1)
- Soil (1)
- Soil heterogeneity (1)
- Soil moisture (1)
- Soil moisture time series (1)
- Soil monitoring (1)
- Solanum lycopersicum (1)
- Solanum tuberosum (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (1)
- Solvation (1)
- Solvatochromie (1)
- Solvent effects (1)
- Solvothermal synthesis (1)
- South American Bureau of the Communist International (1)
- South Asian summer monsoon (1)
- South-Eastern Europe (1)
- Southern Caspian Basin (1)
- Southern Italy (1)
- Southern Levant (1)
- Southern Ocean (1)
- Sozialer Einfluss (1)
- Space weather (1)
- Spacecraft (1)
- Spatial and nonspatial graphs (1)
- Spatial and temporal denudation rate (1)
- Spatial cognition (1)
- Spatial interactions (1)
- Spatial panel estimation (1)
- Spatially explicit models (1)
- Species range shift (1)
- Species tree (1)
- Spectrophotometry (1)
- Speech perception (1)
- Speech production (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Spelling (1)
- Sphingolipids (1)
- Sphingomyelin (1)
- Sphingosine 1phosphate (1)
- Spiralgalaxien (1)
- Sport therapy (1)
- Sportvereinsmitgliedschaft (1)
- Sprachbewusstsein (1)
- Spracherwerb (1)
- Sprachförderung (1)
- Sprachspezifikation (1)
- Sprachwandel (1)
- Sprouting (1)
- Sprung-Lande-Aufgaben (1)
- Squeak (1)
- Sri Lanka (1)
- Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz (1)
- Stachys sylvatica (1)
- Stadt (1)
- Stadtrat (1)
- Stadtverordnetenversammlung (1)
- Standard language ideology (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Standardized precipitation index (1)
- Starch accumulation (1)
- Starch metabolizing enzymes (1)
- Start-up (1)
- Statistical seismology (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Stay-green (1)
- Stein, Torsten (1)
- Sternaktivität (1)
- Sternphysik (1)
- Steuerung (1)
- Stimulation fluids (1)
- Stochastic Hamiltonian (1)
- Stochastic Petri nets (1)
- Stochastic bridges (1)
- Stochastic geometry (1)
- Stochastische Gross-Pitaevskii Gleichung (1)
- Stockholm-convention (1)
- Strahlungstransport (1)
- Stratal cyclicity (1)
- Strategic human resources (1)
- Stratonovich integral (1)
- Stress drop (1)
- Stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- Strontium isotope stratigraphy (1)
- Structural changes (1)
- Structural expectation (1)
- Structural models (1)
- Strukturgleichungsmodellierung (1)
- Student Teachers (1)
- Student motivation (1)
- Studie (1)
- Störungszonen (1)
- Subantarctic Front (1)
- Subarctic North Pacific (1)
- Subduction earthquakes (1)
- Subduction interface (1)
- Subduction zone processes (1)
- Subject-specific interest (1)
- Subjektwissenschaft (1)
- Submerged macrophytes (1)
- Substance (1)
- Substituent chemical shifts (1)
- Subsurface biosphere (1)
- Subtropical cyclones (1)
- Suicide attempt (1)
- Sulfite oxidase (1)
- Sulfur transfer (1)
- Sulfuration (1)
- Sulphite oxidase (1)
- Sulphoxide (1)
- Sumba Island (1)
- Sun1 (1)
- Sun: chromosphere (1)
- Sun: corona (1)
- Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) (1)
- Sun: flares (1)
- Sun: photosphere (1)
- Sun: sunspots (1)
- Sunspots, magnetic fields (1)
- Supernova remnants (1)
- Supernovaüberreste (1)
- Support vector machine regression (1)
- Supramolecular ball structure (1)
- Supramolecular chemistry (1)
- Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) (1)
- Surface relief grating (1)
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- Surfactant micelles (1)
- Surprisal (1)
- Sustainable land use (1)
- Swarm constellation (1)
- Symbolik (1)
- Synchronisation (1)
- Synchrotron Radiation (1)
- Synthetic methods (1)
- System ecology (1)
- System of Systems (1)
- Systemakkreditierung (1)
- Systems biology (1)
- Südamerikanisches Büro der Kommunistischen Internationale (1)
- Südasiatischen Sommermonsun (1)
- Süßgeschmack (1)
- Süßrezeptor (1)
- Süßstoff (1)
- TG/DTA (1)
- TOP-Guidelines (1)
- TSNMRS (1)
- TTC (1)
- Tacitus (1)
- Tagebuch (1)
- Tailspike (1)
- Tailspikes (1)
- Taiwan (1)
- Talmud (1)
- Tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- Tarim Basin, NW China (1)
- Tas1r1 (1)
- Tasks (1)
- Taste buds (1)
- Tax and spending competition (1)
- Teacher motivation (1)
- Teacher perceptions (1)
- Teachers (1)
- Teaching information security (1)
- Technik (1)
- Technikentwicklung (1)
- Technofunctional properties (1)
- Technological impact (1)
- Technology proficiency (1)
- Tectonic uplift (1)
- Tectonics (1)
- Tektonik (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Telemedien (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Temporalität (1)
- Tempus (1)
- Tendinopathy (1)
- Terminology (1)
- Terrace reoccupation (1)
- TerraceM (1)
- Terrestrial Si cycle (1)
- Testate amoebae (1)
- Tests (1)
- Tetranychus urticae (1)
- Textbook analysis (1)
- Textbook research (1)
- Texte überarbeiten (1)
- Textstruktur (1)
- Texturing (1)
- Thailand (1)
- The Bioscope Man (1)
- The Last Jet Engine Laugh (1)
- The Netherlands (1)
- Theoretical seismology (1)
- Theory (1)
- Thermal broadening effects (1)
- Thermal diffusivity (1)
- Thermal inertia (1)
- Thermal sound generation (1)
- Thermal wave method (1)
- Thermo-acoustic effect (1)
- Thermophone (1)
- Thermoplastics (1)
- Thermoresponsive (1)
- Thermosphäre hoher Breiten (1)
- Thiazol-Salze (1)
- Thiol-ene (1)
- Thiomersal (1)
- Three phase partitioning (1)
- Thwaites Glacier (1)
- Thyroid hormone (1)
- Tian Shan (1)
- Tian-Shan (1)
- Tiefendeformation (1)
- Tien Shan (1)
- Tien-Shan (1)
- Tile drain (1)
- Time duality (1)
- Time resolved FRET (1)
- Time-lapse imaging (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS imaging (1)
- Tool use demonstration (1)
- Tool use pantomime (1)
- Toonacilin (1)
- Toonapubesins F (1)
- Topographic consistency (1)
- Total synthesis (1)
- Totes Meer (1)
- Township (1)
- Townshiptourismus (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxikokinetik (1)
- Trace inclusion (1)
- Tracheotomy (1)
- Traffic (1)
- Training conditions (1)
- Transactivation assay (1)
- Transaktionskosten-Theorie (1)
- Transcript levels (1)
- Transcriptome Assembly (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Transformation of hydrological signals (1)
- Transformation toughening (1)
- Transforming growth factor beta (1)
- Transhimalaya (1)
- Transkriptomik (1)
- Transmembrane asymmetry (1)
- Transmission (1)
- Transporteraktivierung (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Tree recruitment (1)
- Trendattributierung (1)
- Trennung (1)
- Triturus (1)
- Tropfen (1)
- Trophic interactions (1)
- Tropical dry deciduous forests (1)
- Trunk trail (1)
- Tschadisch (1)
- Tso Morari (1)
- Turbidite paleoseismology (1)
- Turbulence (1)
- Turkish (1)
- Turkish migrants (1)
- Turraea nilotica (1)
- Turraea robusta (1)
- Two-temperature model (1)
- Typical intellectual engagement (1)
- Tyramin (1)
- Tätigkeiten (1)
- Türkei (1)
- Türkisch (1)
- U-Pb Geochronologie (1)
- U-Pb geochronology (1)
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (1)
- UHP exhumation (1)
- UK (1)
- USA / Politik, Zeitgeschichte, Recht (1)
- Ultra-high pressure (UHP) (1)
- Ultra-low velocity zones (1)
- Ultrasonography (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Umweltmonitoring (1)
- Umweltpolitik (1)
- Unaccusativity (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Uncertainty estimation (1)
- Unconventional gas (1)
- Unemployment (1)
- Unergative verbs (1)
- United States (1)
- Universität Potsdam (1)
- Uplift (1)
- Upper Atmosphere Model (UAM) (1)
- Upper Cambrian (1)
- Upper Cretaceous (1)
- Urban ecosystem analysis (1)
- Urodela (1)
- User submission pattern (1)
- V-ATPase (1)
- V-p (1)
- V-s ratios (1)
- V2 (1)
- VHE gamma-ray astronomy (1)
- VIRTIS (1)
- Validation (1)
- Validity (1)
- Variabilität von Bodenbewegung (1)
- Variance partitioning (1)
- Variscan (1)
- Varve (1)
- Vayikra Rabbah (1)
- Vegetation structure (1)
- Vegetationsbedeckung (1)
- Veneneia (1)
- Ventilation (1)
- Venus Express (1)
- Verantwortungszuschreibung (1)
- Verdunstung (1)
- Verfassung (1)
- Verfassung / Europäische Verfassung (1)
- Verfassungsrecht (1)
- Vergewaltigung (1)
- Vergewaltigungsmythen (1)
- Verhandlungen (1)
- Verhandlungsmanagement (1)
- Verifikation (1)
- Veris (1)
- Verlaufsform (1)
- Verletzungsprävention (1)
- Verschuldung (1)
- Versuchsanbau (1)
- Vertrag über die Europäische Union (1)
- Verwaltung von Rechenzentren (1)
- Verwaltungsreformen (1)
- Verzögerungs-Verbreitung (1)
- Vesta (1)
- Veto Player (1)
- Videoanalyse (1)
- Videoüberwachung (1)
- Vier-Wellen-Mischung (1)
- Vietnam (1)
- Vietnamese (1)
- Virtual 3D scenes (1)
- Viscoelasticity (1)
- Viskosität (1)
- Vista de las Cordilleras (1)
- Visualisierung (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Vocational Education (1)
- Vokalperzeption (1)
- Vokalproduktion (1)
- Volatile compound (1)
- Volcanic arc processes (1)
- Volcanic rift zone (1)
- Voltammetry (1)
- Volunteer Tourism (1)
- Volunteering (1)
- Vorfeld (1)
- Vorlesungsmanuskripte (1)
- Voxel-based morphometry (1)
- Vulkanlandschaften (1)
- Vulnerability (1)
- Völkerrecht (1)
- WEREWOLF (1)
- WKB method (1)
- Walvis Ridge (1)
- Wartung von Graphdatenbanksichten (1)
- Warven (1)
- Wasserstoff (1)
- Wave equation (1)
- Wave scattering and diffraction (1)
- Wave-built terraces (1)
- Waveletanalyse (1)
- Wealth distribution (1)
- Weather impact (1)
- Weathering (1)
- Web browsers (1)
- WebGL (1)
- Weight (1)
- Weight loss (1)
- Weighted edge spaces (1)
- Werkzeuge (1)
- Werte (1)
- West Antarctic Ice Sheet (1)
- West Antarctica (1)
- West Greenland (1)
- Westerlies (1)
- Wettbewerb (1)
- Weyl tensor (1)
- Whey proteins (1)
- Windhoek (1)
- Winning Coalition (1)
- Winterfischsterben (1)
- Wissenschaft (1)
- Wissenschaftliche Sammlungen (1)
- Wissenschaftliches Schreiben (1)
- Wissenschaftspolitik (1)
- Wohngegend (1)
- Wolf (1)
- Work (1)
- Working-memory (1)
- Workload (1)
- WorldView-2 (1)
- Wrinkling (1)
- X-ray Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray structure (1)
- X-rays: ISM (1)
- X-rays: galaxies (1)
- XAS (1)
- XES (1)
- XLRP (1)
- XPS (1)
- Xenobesity (1)
- Xenophon of Athens (1)
- Xenophon von Athen (1)
- Xigaze ophiolite (1)
- Yield per recruit (YPR) (1)
- Yolk (1)
- Young People (1)
- Yttria stabilized zirconia (1)
- Yurtus Formation (1)
- Z-reader model (1)
- Zahl (1)
- Zea-mays L. (1)
- Zebrafish embryo (1)
- Zeitreihenanalyse (1)
- Zeitungskommentare (1)
- Zentralasien (1)
- Zeugenschaft (1)
- Zielsteuerung (1)
- Ziphiidae (1)
- ZooMS (1)
- Zweitsprache (1)
- ab initio (1)
- ab initio calculations (1)
- abundance estimation (1)
- academic writing (1)
- acceleration (1)
- accent (1)
- acceptability judgments (1)
- access (1)
- accountability (1)
- accumulation (1)
- accuracy (1)
- acetylcholinesterase (1)
- acid sphingomyelinase (1)
- acoustic fluidization (1)
- active transport (1)
- active-layer (1)
- actuation (1)
- actuator (1)
- acute kidney injury (1)
- acute physiological demand (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adaptive Systeme (1)
- adaptive systems (1)
- adhesion proteins (1)
- administration (1)
- administrative reforms (1)
- adolescent athletes (1)
- adoption (1)
- adult education (1)
- adult height (1)
- adverbs (1)
- aerobic respiration (1)
- aerosols (1)
- affect (1)
- afrikanische Sprachen (1)
- aftershocks (1)
- age structure (1)
- agencification (1)
- agent-based models (1)
- agility (1)
- aid worker (1)
- airborne (1)
- airborne geophysics (1)
- akustische Fluidisierung (1)
- alcohol addiction (1)
- aldehyde oxidase (1)
- aldol reaction (1)
- algae (1)
- algorithms (1)
- alien vascular plants (1)
- alignments (1)
- allochthoner Eintrag (1)
- allochthonous matter (1)
- alpha-stable Levy process (1)
- ambient noise (1)
- amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) (1)
- amino alcohols (1)
- amorphous polymers (1)
- anachronism (1)
- anaerobic methane oxidation (1)
- analogical thinking (1)
- analysis (1)
- angiography (1)
- aniline blue (1)
- annual plants (1)
- anomalous diffusion and transport (1)
- anthropogener Meeresspiegel (1)
- anthropogenic sea level (1)
- anti-HIV (1)
- antisemitism (1)
- aphasia (1)
- aphasia treatment (1)
- aphids (1)
- applied linguistics (1)
- appreciation of the opposite sex (1)
- aquatic ecosystems (1)
- arab (1)
- arable land (1)
- archaic humans (1)
- arctic (1)
- area (1)
- argon dating (1)
- articulated rods (1)
- articulation (1)
- artificial mixtures (1)
- artificial neural networks (1)
- artificially drained lowland (1)
- arylalkylamine N-transferase (1)
- aspect (1)
- aspectuality (1)
- assessing uncertainties (1)
- asset backed securities (1)
- association (1)
- association test (1)
- aster data (1)
- asteroids (1)
- asteroseismology (1)
- astrometry (1)
- astronomical databases: miscellaneous (1)
- astrophysics (1)
- asymptotic expansion (1)
- así que (1)
- atherosclerosis (1)
- athmospheric circulation (1)
- atmospheric circulation (1)
- atmospheric nitrogen deposition (1)
- atom-surface interaction (1)
- auditory neurons (1)
- ausführbare Semantiken (1)
- authenticity (1)
- autocorrelations (1)
- autonomy (1)
- auxin (1)
- avant-garde (1)
- aversion (1)
- azobenzene (1)
- bacteria (1)
- bacterial production (1)
- bacteriophages (1)
- balance (1)
- bank vole (1)
- banking regulation (1)
- base-level fall (1)
- basis sets (1)
- batch processing (1)
- bedrock (1)
- benchmark (1)
- benefits (1)
- benthic food web (1)
- benthische Nahrungskette (1)
- benzofurans (1)
- besetztes Preußen (1)
- bi-harmonic coupling (1)
- bias (1)
- bias correction (1)
- big data services (1)
- binaries: general (1)
- binary representation (1)
- binary search (1)
- bioactivity (1)
- biocatalysis (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- biodegradable polymers (1)
- bioelectrocatalysis (1)
- biogas (1)
- biogene Amine (1)
- biogenic amines (1)
- bioinvasion (1)
- biomimetic sensors (1)
- biomolecule (1)
- biophysics (1)
- biorecognition reactions (1)
- biosensor (1)
- birds (1)
- birhythmic behavior (1)
- bis-MGD (1)
- bistability (1)
- black holes (1)
- body composition (1)
- body temperature (1)
- body weight loss (1)
- body weight maintenance (1)
- bone (1)
- bose gas (1)
- bottlenecks (1)
- boundary-work (1)
- bpm (1)
- brain development (1)
- brain lesions (1)
- brain networks (1)
- breeding system (1)
- bridge (1)
- bridges of random walks (1)
- broad melting temperature range (1)
- broadcasting (1)
- broadcasting law (1)
- budget study (1)
- bureaucratic politics (1)
- business process architecture (1)
- business process management (1)
- business processes (1)
- cPMP (1)
- cable transmission (1)
- caffeine (1)
- calcineurin inhibitors (1)
- cancer cachexia (1)
- canonical correlation analysis (1)
- capacitive sensor (1)
- capital market (1)
- capture-recapture modeling (1)
- carabid beetles (1)
- carbohydrates (1)
- carbon cycle (1)
- carbon nitride thin film (1)
- carbon-dioxide exchange (1)
- carbonates (1)
- cardiovascular diseases (1)
- cardiovascular-disease (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- carotenoids bioavailability (1)
- cartographic design (1)
- cascade reactions (1)
- case study (1)
- cash crops (1)
- catanionic surfactants (1)
- categories (1)
- cave (1)
- cave records (1)
- cell counts (1)
- cell culture device (1)
- cell signaling (1)
- cell-based assay (1)
- cell-material interaction (1)
- cellobiose dehydrogenase (1)
- ceramide (1)
- challenges (1)
- change management (1)
- channel geometry (1)
- characteristics (1)
- characterization of ultrasonic measurement systems (1)
- chemical clock (1)
- chemotaxis (1)
- child (1)
- childhood (1)
- children (1)
- chlorophyll content (1)
- chromatin remodeling (1)
- chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- chronostratigrapy (1)
- chronotopy (1)
- ciliates (1)
- circulation (1)
- circumstellar matter (1)
- civic participation (1)
- civitas perfecta (1)
- class-i (1)
- classes of logic programs (1)
- classical solution (1)
- classroom language (1)
- clay organic coating (1)
- cleft (1)
- climate extremes (1)
- climate finance (1)
- climate impacts (1)
- climate policy (1)
- climate variability (1)
- climate warming (1)
- climate-change impacts (1)
- clinical study (1)
- clock genes (1)
- cloud computing (1)
- coagulation-fragmentation (1)
- coalescence (1)
- coastal erosion (1)
- coastal flooding (1)
- coastal sediments (1)
- coat colour (1)
- coating (1)
- codon adaptation index (1)
- coefficient of friction (1)
- coexistence (1)
- cofactors (1)
- cogeneration units (1)
- cognitive modeling (1)
- cognitive modifiability (1)
- coherent phonons (1)
- collaboration (1)
- collaborative learning (1)
- collagen (1)
- collective efficacy (1)
- collegial sharing (1)
- colloid transport (1)
- colloquium (1)
- colonialism (1)
- colony formation (1)
- column operation mode (1)
- combined task and motion planning (1)
- commandment (1)
- commemorative culture (1)
- communism (1)
- communisme (1)
- communities (1)
- community (1)
- community biomass (1)
- community college (1)
- community effect in height (1)
- comorbidities (1)
- comparative literature (1)
- compatibility effect (1)
- competence (1)
- competency (1)
- complex heterogeneous systems (1)
- complex majoritarianism (1)
- complex model (1)
- complex networks (1)
- complex onsets (1)
- complex sentence processing (1)
- complex systems (1)
- composites (1)
- composition (1)
- composition operator (1)
- compounding (1)
- comprehension (1)
- computational fluid dynamics (1)
- computational model (1)
- computer science education (1)
- computer science education (CSE) (1)
- computer science teachers (1)
- concentration (1)
- conceptual history (1)
- condition number (1)
- conduct problems (1)
- conducting polymers (1)
- conduction aphasia (1)
- conductive argument (1)
- confidence intervals (1)
- confidence sets (1)
- conformance analysis (1)
- conformational analysis (1)
- conformational properties (1)
- conifer plantations (1)
- connections between chaos and statistical physics (1)
- connectivity (1)
- conservation genetics (1)
- conservation responsibility (1)
- construction of gender (1)
- consulting (1)
- consulting competences (1)
- content analysis (1)
- continental breakup (1)
- continental collision zones (1)
- continental shelf (1)
- continuous time random walk (CTRW) (1)
- contrast (1)
- controlled release (1)
- convergence (1)
- conversation analysis (1)
- conversational background (1)
- cooperative networks (1)
- copepod carcasses (1)
- copolymer networks (1)
- coregistration (1)
- corporate governance (1)
- corporatization (1)
- correlation (1)
- corrosion (1)
- cosmogenic burial dating (1)
- cosmogenic nuclides (1)
- cosmogenic radionuclides (1)
- cosmology: observations (1)
- cost-benefit-analysis (1)
- coupled-cluster (1)
- couples (1)
- coupling (1)
- coupling methods (1)
- covered funding instruments (1)
- creative field (1)
- critical fluctuations (1)
- critical psychology (1)
- cross-modal generalization (1)
- cross-modal priming (1)
- cross-scale analysis (1)
- crowded fluids (1)
- crustacean zooplankton (1)
- crustal thickness (1)
- cryptogams (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- crystal-structure (1)
- cs4fn (1)
- cues (1)
- culture (1)
- cultures (1)
- curriculum development (1)
- curriculum theory (1)
- curved radial ridges (1)
- cyanobacteria (1)
- cyber-physical systems (1)
- cyclic nucleotide (1)
- cyclic voltammetry (1)
- cyclic-GMP (1)
- cycloaddition (1)
- cyt b (1)
- cytochrome P450 17A1 (Cyp17A1) (1)
- cytokines/chemokines (1)
- daffodil Narcissus longispathus (1)
- damage (1)
- damage estimation (1)
- dark respiration (1)
- data (1)
- data center management (1)
- data assimilation (1)
- data correctness checking (1)
- data extraction (1)
- data filtering (1)
- data objects (1)
- data series (1)
- data states (1)
- data synthesis (1)
- data-based (1)
- de-concentration (1)
- deadline propagation (1)
- deadwood (1)
- deaf readers (1)
- deaf-mutes (1)
- debris avalanche (1)
- debris flow (1)
- debris-covered glaciers (1)
- decision theory (1)
- decision tree (1)
- declarative memory (1)
- decomposition analysis (1)
- deep biosphere (1)
- deep-level mining (1)
- deep-sea bacterial community (1)
- defect (1)
- definiteness (1)
- deforestation (1)
- degradable polyester (1)
- degradable polymers (1)
- delay propagation (1)
- delta-D values (1)
- dementia (1)
- democratic theory (1)
- demografischer Wandel (1)
- demographic change (1)
- demographic policy (1)
- demography (1)
- dendritic cells (1)
- denudation (1)
- denudation processes (1)
- dependency resolution (1)
- depropriation (1)
- descriptive grammar (1)
- design thinking (1)
- deutsche Grenzregion zu Polen (1)
- development assistance (1)
- development cooperation (1)
- development policy (1)
- di(ethylene glycol) methy ether methacrylate (1)
- dialoge oriented quality culture (1)
- dialogorientierte Qualitätskultur (1)
- didaktische Entwicklungsforschung (1)
- didatic development research (1)
- dielectric elastomer (1)
- dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- dietary changes (1)
- dietary fibre (1)
- dietary patterns (1)
- difference-in-difference (1)
- differential network analysis (1)
- differentiation (1)
- digitale Medien (1)
- digitally-enabled pedagogies (1)
- dike intrusion (1)
- dike-induced seismicity (1)
- dike-induced stresses (1)
- dimensional overlap (1)
- direct electrochemistry (1)
- direct speech (1)
- directed evolution (1)
- directed transport (1)
- discharge pattern (1)
- discourse analysis (1)
- discourse comprehension (1)
- disease severity (1)
- disordered systems (theory) (1)
- dispersal (1)
- dispersion (1)
- dissection (1)
- distal turbidites (1)
- distance scale (1)
- distinct (1)
- distorted Brownian motion (1)
- distribution patterns (1)
- diversification rates (1)
- divide and conquer (1)
- divide position (1)
- division of labor (1)
- division rings (1)
- divorce (1)
- docosahexaenoic acid (1)
- dolerite (1)
- domain wall motion (1)
- dopamine (1)
- doping (1)
- drainage (1)
- dritte förderale Ebene (1)
- drop (1)
- drought (1)
- drug (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- dryland ecosystems (1)
- drylands (1)
- dual processing (1)
- duality formula (1)
- duration (1)
- dust, extinction (1)
- dye (1)
- dynamic structure factor (1)
- e-government (1)
- e-mentoring (1)
- eGovernment (1)
- eLectures (1)
- early earth tectonics (1)
- early life stress (1)
- earth's mantle (1)
- earthquake forecasting (1)
- earthquake interaction (1)
- east Africa (1)
- eccentricity (1)
- echolocation (1)
- ecological restoration (1)
- ecology (1)
- ecosystem change (1)
- ecosystem history (1)
- edge turbulence (1)
- education and public policy (1)
- educational aspirations (1)
- educational programming (1)
- educational systems (1)
- edutainment (1)
- efficiency (1)
- elbow breadth (1)
- electric fields (1)
- electrical conductivity (1)
- electrochemistry (1)
- electrodes (1)
- electromagnetic imaging (1)
- electromagnetics (1)
- electromechanically active polymer (1)
- electronic government (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- electrostatic interactions (1)
- elektrische Leitfähigkeit (1)
- elektroaktive Polymere (1)
- elemental composition (1)
- elementary excitation (1)
- elevated CO2 (1)
- elite athletes (1)
- elongation (1)
- embedded Markov chain (1)
- embeddings (1)
- embryo (1)
- emission depletion microscopy (1)
- emotion (1)
- emotional status (1)
- emotions (1)
- employment services (1)
- endocrine (1)
- endogenous retrovirus (1)
- endothelial dysfunction (1)
- energy extraction (1)
- energy savings (1)
- energy supply (1)
- english (1)
- ensemble Kalman filter (1)
- ensemble simulations (1)
- environmental monitoring (1)
- environmental-factors (1)
- environments (1)
- enzyme (1)
- enzyme inhibitors (1)
- enzymes (1)
- eolian dust (1)
- ephedrine/pseudoephedrine (1)
- episodic memory (1)
- epithelial salt transport (1)
- equality (1)
- equol (1)
- ergodic rates (1)
- errata, addenda (1)
- error avoidance (1)
- erucic acid (1)
- eta forms (1)
- ethnic identity (1)
- european flora (1)
- evaluation (1)
- evaluation of active labor market policy (1)
- evaluative priming (1)
- evaporation (1)
- evenness (1)
- event abstraction (1)
- events (1)
- evidence based medicine (1)
- evidence-based policy making (1)
- evolution in MDE (1)
- ex situ (1)
- exact simulation (1)
- executable semantics (1)
- exercise prescription (1)
- exercise stress test (1)
- exhumation processes (1)
- exile (1)
- exopolysaccharides (1)
- experiment (1)
- experimental evaluation (1)
- exploitation (1)
- exponentiation (1)
- exposure (1)
- expression (1)
- external ambiguity (1)
- extinct species (1)
- extinction (1)
- extraction (1)
- extragalactic physics (1)
- extreme temperature events (1)
- eye movement (1)
- failure (1)
- family dissolution (1)
- family ethnic socialization (1)
- fashion design (1)
- fatty acid (1)
- fault (1)
- fecundity (1)
- federalism (1)
- feedback (1)
- feedback loops (1)
- feldlinengerichtete Ströme (1)
- female rapper (1)
- fermentation experiments (1)
- fertilization (1)
- fff (1)
- fibers (1)
- fiction (1)
- fides (1)
- field aligned currents (1)
- field trials (1)
- field voles (1)
- film (1)
- films (1)
- filosofía sensualista (1)
- financing scheme (1)
- fine fraction (1)
- finite Differenzen (1)
- finite Elemente (1)
- finite differences (1)
- finite elements (1)
- first passage (1)
- first trimester (1)
- fitness-maximization (1)
- fixation (1)
- fixational eye movements (1)
- flood (1)
- flood damage (1)
- flood reconstruction (1)
- flood risk (1)
- flood risk analysis (1)
- floodplain (1)
- floral morph (1)
- floral traits (1)
- flow (1)
- flow photolysis (1)
- flower development (1)
- flower size (1)
- fluctuation forces (1)
- fluctuation relations (1)
- fluctuations (1)
- fluid shells (1)
- fluid-induced seismicity (1)
- fluorescence microscopy (1)
- fluorescence sensor (1)
- fluorescent probes (1)
- fluorescent reporter (1)
- fluvial incision (1)
- fluviale Einschneidung (1)
- flux de Marangoni (1)
- flycatchers (1)
- focus marker (1)
- focus realization (1)
- focus sensitivity (1)
- focus-sensitivity (1)
- fodder legumes (1)
- folding free-energies (1)
- food demand (1)
- food quality (1)
- food security (1)
- food self-sufficiency (1)
- food webs (1)
- force (1)
- forecasts (1)
- forest management (1)
- forest management intensity (1)
- forestREplot (1)
- formal argumentation systems (1)
- formal framework (1)
- formal power series (1)
- formal syntax (1)
- formale Semantik (1)
- formales Framework (1)
- formalism (1)
- formation fluid (1)
- forms of government (1)
- forschendes Lernen (1)
- four-wave mixing (1)
- fovea (1)
- fractional dynamics (1)
- fracture (1)
- fragmentation (1)
- freie Daten (1)
- freie Software (1)
- frequency analysis (1)
- fresh-water (1)
- freshwater sharks (1)
- fun (1)
- functional capacity (1)
- functional languages (1)
- functional magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- functionalization (1)
- functions (1)
- functions of Presidency (1)
- future (1)
- fuzzy logic (1)
- galactosylceramide (1)
- galaxies: ISM (1)
- galaxies: Seyfert (1)
- galaxies: active-galaxies: individual: PMN J0948+0022 (1)
- galaxies: clusters: individual (47 Tucanae) (1)
- galaxies: distances and redshifts (1)
- galaxies: individual (Hydra II) (1)
- galaxies: individual (Markarian 501) (1)
- galaxies: individual: AM1353-272 B (1)
- galaxies: individual: LMC (1)
- galaxies: individual: SMC (1)
- galaxies: nuclei (1)
- galaxies:active (1)
- galaxy evolution (1)
- galaxy formation (1)
- galaxy structure (1)
- game browsing (1)
- gangsta rap (1)
- garnet (1)
- gas sensing (1)
- gas-production (1)
- gekrümmte radiale Bergrücken (1)
- gels (1)
- gemischte Modelle (1)
- gender gap (1)
- gene coexpression (1)
- gene duplication (1)
- gene regulation (1)
- general education in computer science (1)
- general practitioners (1)
- generalised nonlinear Schrödinger equation (1)
- genetic (1)
- genetic-variation (1)
- genetics (1)
- genome (1)
- genome evolution (1)
- genome sequence (1)
- genomic evolution (1)
- geochronology (1)
- geographic border space research (1)
- geographische Grenzraumforschung (1)
- geoinfomation science (1)
- geology (1)
- geophysics (1)
- geothermal (1)
- geovisualisation (1)
- germanistische Liguistik (1)
- gesprochene Sprache (1)
- gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (1)
- givenness (1)
- glacial erosion (1)
- glacier melt (1)
- glims project (1)
- global analysis (1)
- global description (1)
- global food demand (1)
- global markets (1)
- global monsoon (1)
- global spread (1)
- global warming (1)
- globular clusters (1)
- globular clusters: general (1)
- glucagon (1)
- glutamate (1)
- glutamine (1)
- glycal (1)
- glycolipids (1)
- glycosylation (1)
- gold (1)
- gouttes (1)
- gouttes sessiles (1)
- governance (1)
- government guarantees (1)
- government-formation (1)
- grain size (1)
- granule formation (1)
- graph databases (1)
- graph transformation (1)
- graphitization (1)
- grassland diversity (1)
- grassland management (1)
- grasslands (1)
- grazing (1)
- griechische Geschichtsschreibung (1)
- ground motion variability (1)
- ground motions (1)
- grounded theory (1)
- grounding-line (1)
- groundwater age (1)
- groundwater-surface water interaction (1)
- growth regulation (1)
- growth strata (1)
- habitat type (1)
- habitats (1)
- headmaster (1)
- heart-failure (1)
- heat equation (1)
- heavy metals (1)
- hegemoniale Männlichkeit (1)
- hegemonic masculinity (1)
- helium-4 (1)
- heme proteins (1)
- heterosoziale Wertschätzung (1)
- high school (1)
- high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (1)
- high-latitudinal thermosphere (1)
- high-resolution (1)
- higher (1)
- higher education didactic (1)
- higher education didactics (1)
- hillslope diffusion (1)
- hillslopes (1)
- historical earthquakes (1)
- historische Epistemologie (1)
- historische Erdbeben (1)
- history and philosophy of astronomy (1)
- hochschuldidaktische Weiterbildung (1)
- hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (1)
- hologene (1)
- hominin (1)
- homogenization (1)
- honey bee (1)
- hopf-bifurcation (1)
- horse (1)
- household income (1)
- housing (1)
- human evolutionary genetics (1)
- human life in nature, society, and history (1)
- human population genomics (1)
- human sulfite oxidase (1)
- humanitarian organisations (1)
- hydrate (1)
- hydrate habitus (1)
- hydrocarbon field (1)
- hydroclimatology (1)
- hydrogel (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hydrogen (1)
- hydrogen bonding (1)
- hydrogen-2 (1)
- hydrologische Modellierung (1)
- hydrometric network design (1)
- hydrophilic-to-lipophilic balance (1)
- hydrostatic atmosphere (1)
- hydrostatic pressure (1)
- hyperechogenicities (1)
- hypersound (1)
- hypersound propagation (1)
- hyperspectral (1)
- hypoechogenicities (1)
- hypoglycemia (1)
- hyponasty (1)
- hyporheic zone (1)
- hyporheische Zone (1)
- iCheck (1)
- ice core (1)
- ice-sheet (1)
- identification (1)
- ideological congruence (1)
- illiteracy (1)
- imitation (1)
- immersive 3D geovisualization (1)
- impact cratering (1)
- impact loading (1)
- impact simulation (1)
- imperialist dogma (1)
- implied spectator (1)
- in silico (1)
- in situ (1)
- in vivo (1)
- in-situ (1)
- in-situ remediation (1)
- in-situ stress (1)
- in-stream gravel bar (1)
- in-vivo (1)
- inbreeding depression (1)
- inclination shallowing (1)
- incompatibility locus (1)
- incremental graph pattern matching (1)
- independence goals (1)
- independent activation (1)
- indian monsoon (1)
- indirect speech (1)
- indisch-englischer Roman (1)
- indisches Kino (1)
- individual-based (1)
- individuals (1)
- induced seismicity (1)
- inductive invariant checking (1)
- induktives Invariant Checking (1)
- infinitival patterns (1)
- informal and formal learning (1)
- informal logic (1)
- informatics education (1)
- informatische Allgemeinbildung (1)
- infrared (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- infrastructure covered bond (1)
- infrastructure financing (1)
- injury prevention (1)
- injury risk (1)
- inkrementelles Graph Pattern Matching (1)
- innovation capabilities (1)
- innovation management (1)
- innovation strategies (1)
- insect-like AANAT (1)
- insitu stress (1)
- insolation (1)
- institutional accreditation (audit) (1)
- institutional changes (1)
- institutional design (1)
- institutional reforms (1)
- insulin (1)
- insulin-induced hypoglycemia (1)
- integrated kinetic-energy (1)
- integration by parts on path space (1)
- integration cost (1)
- integrative omics analysis (1)
- integrins (1)
- intensification (1)
- interaction (1)
- interaction analysis (1)
- interactions (1)
- interactive course (1)
- interactive workshop (1)
- interacts (1)
- interfaces (1)
- interference pattern (1)
- intergalactic medium (1)
- intergalaktisches Medium (1)
- intergovernmental setting (1)
- intermolecular interactions (1)
- intermontane valleys (1)
- internal ambiguity (1)
- internal variability (1)
- internalizing problems (1)
- international polar year (1)
- internship (1)
- intervention (1)
- inundation (1)
- inventory (1)
- inverse micelles (1)
- inverse problem (1)
- inversion (1)
- inward rectification (1)
- ionic liquids (1)
- ionic polymers (1)
- ionische Flüssigkeit (1)
- ionischen Polymere (1)
- ionosphere (1)
- ionothermal (1)
- irreversible volume-change (1)
- irreversible work share (1)
- islam (1)
- islands as model systems (1)
- isoflavones (1)
- isokinetic (1)
- isometric-eccentric force (1)
- isotope ecology (1)
- isotopes (1)
- joint Simon effect (1)
- juku (1)
- jump (1)
- jump-landing tasks (1)
- justice (1)
- ketones (1)
- key competences in physical computing (1)
- kidney (1)
- kidney dysfunction (1)
- kinaesthetic teaching (1)
- kinase (1)
- kinetic theory (1)
- kinetics (1)
- knee joint angle (1)
- knickpoints (1)
- knowledge (1)
- knowledge creep (1)
- knowledge utilization (1)
- kognitive Aktivierung (1)
- kognitive Modellierung (1)
- kohärente Phononen (1)
- kollegiale Beratung (1)
- kollegialer Austausch (1)
- kollegiales Netzwerk (1)
- kommunal (1)
- kommunale Unternehmen (1)
- komplexe Netzwerke (1)
- komplexe Systeme (1)
- kosmische Strahlung (1)
- kosmogene Nuklide (1)
- kritische Fluktuationen (1)
- künstliche Intelligenz (1)
- labor supply (1)
- lactams (1)
- lactic acid production (1)
- lacustrine sediment (1)
- lake (1)
- lake food web (1)
- land degradation (1)
- land ice measurements (1)
- land-use (1)
- land-use change (1)
- landscape (1)
- language acquisition (1)
- language and abstraction (1)
- language network (1)
- language specification (1)
- large for gestational age fetus (LGA) (1)
- last 15 kyr (1)
- late-glacial (1)
- law (1)
- leadership (1)
- leaf development (1)
- leaking (1)
- learning success (1)
- leitliniengerechte Pharmakotherapie (1)
- lengua hablada (1)
- lenguaje de signos (1)
- lenguaje y abstracción (1)
- lesion studies (1)
- levy fight (1)
- liberalization of energy supply (1)
- lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (1)
- liegende Tropfen (1)
- life form (1)
- light acclimation (1)
- light-field camera (1)
- light-induced DNA de-compaction (1)
- light-induced mass transport (1)
- lines of defense (1)
- linguistic annotation (1)
- linguistic corpus (1)
- linguistic historiography (1)
- linguistics (1)
- linguistische Annotation (1)
- linguistisches Korpus (1)
- linke Peripherie (1)
- lipase release (1)
- lipid biomarkers (1)
- lipopolysaccharide (1)
- lipopolysaccharides (1)
- liposomes (1)
- liquid chromatography tandem mass (1)
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- literacy acquisition (1)
- literature review (1)
- lively kernel (1)
- livestock feed (1)
- living area (1)
- lobbying (1)
- local (1)
- local affairs (1)
- local density approximation (1)
- local government (1)
- local governments (1)
- local time (1)
- localization microscopy (1)
- localized flooding (1)
- location-based (1)
- lokale Dichte-Näherung (1)
- long-term desiccation (1)
- long-time behaviour (1)
- loss of home (1)
- losses (1)
- low light stress conditions (1)
- low-carbon economy (1)
- low-grade metamorphism (1)
- lubrication (1)
- lysine dendron (1)
- m-commerce (1)
- mAb (1)
- macrophage subsets (1)
- magmatic underplating (1)
- magnetic fabric (1)
- magnetic nanoparticles (1)
- magnetic reconnection (1)
- magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- magnetite Ketter (1)
- magnetoconvection (1)
- magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling (1)
- magnetotactic bacteria (1)
- magnetotaktische Bakterien (1)
- magnetotellurics (1)
- mainstreaming (1)
- majority rule (1)
- male rapper (1)
- maleimide (1)
- management autonomy (1)
- management by objectives (1)
- management routines (1)
- manipulation planning (1)
- mantle convection (1)
- mantled hillslopes (1)
- map project (1)
- mapping degree (1)
- marine ice-sheet instability (1)
- marine snow (1)
- marital status (1)
- maschinelles Lernen (1)
- mass exchange (1)
- mass-wasting velocities (1)
- matching (1)
- material properties (1)
- maternal environmental effects (1)
- math disability (1)
- mating-system variation (1)
- maximum magnitude (1)
- maximum temperature (1)
- mean load (1)
- mean-field theory (1)
- mechanisms (1)
- mechano-chemical coupling and thermodynamic efficiency (1)
- media (1)
- media anthropology (1)
- media law (1)
- media studies (1)
- media violence (1)
- medial prefrontal cortex (1)
- mediated learning experience (1)
- melt (1)
- meltice-sheet motion (1)
- membrane fatty acids (1)
- membranes (1)
- memory studies (1)
- mental imagery (1)
- mental retardation (1)
- mental-health (1)
- mentoring concepts (1)
- mentoring discussions (1)
- mentoring relationship (1)
- mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- mesic grasslands (1)
- messenger-RNA (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- metaanalysis (1)
- metabolic networks (1)
- metabolism (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- metal coordination (1)
- metal-free crosslinking (1)
- metastability (1)
- methane hydrate (1)
- methanogene Archaeen (1)
- methanogenic archaea (1)
- methods of self-reflection (1)
- methods: statistical (1)
- miRNA (1)
- microchannel (1)
- microgels (1)
- micronutrient deficiencies (1)
- microparticles (1)
- midlatitude nighttime magnetic fluctuation (1)
- migration discourse (1)
- mild cognitive impairment (1)
- mimicry (1)
- mineral fertilization (1)
- mineral reaction (1)
- minerals (1)
- mixed effects modeling (1)
- mixed quantum-classical methodology (1)
- mobile Endgeräte (1)
- mobile commerce research (1)
- mobile learning (1)
- mobile technologies and apps (1)
- mobiles Lernen (1)
- mobility (1)
- model PISM-PIK (1)
- model comparison (1)
- model development (1)
- model output (1)
- model transformation (1)
- model tuning (1)
- model-driven (1)
- model-driven engineering (1)
- modellgetriebene Entwicklung (1)
- modelling (1)
- modellinterne Variabilitaet (1)
- models (1)
- modernity (1)
- modernization (1)
- modest approach (1)
- modification stage (1)
- moist static energy (1)
- moisture evolution (1)
- molecular and Brownian motors (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular structure (1)
- molecularly imprinted electropolymers (1)
- molten sulfur (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monolayers (1)
- monsoon breaks (1)
- mood disorder (1)
- morphological divergence (1)
- morphometrics (1)
- morphosyntax (1)
- motherhood (1)
- motif périodique (1)
- motion (1)
- motor units (1)
- motorische Leistungsfähigkeit (1)
- mountain belt (1)
- mountain hydrology (1)
- mouse lethality assay (1)
- mouse studies (1)
- movement (1)
- mowing (1)
- mtDNA (1)
- multi-instances (1)
- multi-level correlates (1)
- multi-scaling (1)
- multi-spectrum regularization (1)
- multi-family residential buildings (1)
- multiblock copolymer (1)
- multidiversity (1)
- multifunctional polymers (1)
- multifunctionality (1)
- multilingualism (1)
- multimodal cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- multimodel ensemble (1)
- multiobjektive Kalibrierung (1)
- multiple sequence alignment (1)
- multiscale dynamics (1)
- multitrophic interactions (1)
- multivariate regression (1)
- multivariate statistische Technik (1)
- municipal (1)
- municipal enterprises (1)
- murine leukemia virus (1)
- muscle (1)
- muscle action (1)
- muscle development (1)
- muscle synergy (1)
- museum specimens (1)
- muslim (1)
- mussel byssus (1)
- myocardial infarction (1)
- n-Alkane (1)
- n-alkanes (1)
- nAChR (1)
- nano-object motion (1)
- nanocomposites (1)
- nanoparticle (1)
- nanoparticle characterization (1)
- nanoparticles assembly (1)
- nanoreactor (1)
- nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) (1)
- nanoscopy (1)
- nanostructures (1)
- naphthalimide (1)
- narcissism (1)
- narration (1)
- natural gas (1)
- natural reading (1)
- natural rights (1)
- natural-populations (1)
- nature (1)
- natürliches Lesen (1)
- navigation (1)
- neotectonics (1)
- nest protection (1)
- nested expressions (1)
- net ecosystem exchange (1)
- network of plant invasion (1)
- network vulnerability (1)
- neu gelesen (1)
- neural differentiation (1)
- neural oscillations (1)
- neuroleptics (1)
- neuronale Oszillationen (1)
- neuropsychology (1)
- new public management (1)
- newspaper commentary (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- next/second-generation sequencing (1)
- nicht-stöchiometrische Modifikationen (1)
- nighttime MSTID (1)
- nitric-oxide (1)
- nitrogen (1)
- nitrogen-fertilization (1)
- nociceptors (1)
- noise (1)
- non-dissipative regularisations (1)
- non-equilibrium (1)
- non-fluent aphasia (1)
- non-probability samples (1)
- non-stoichiometric modifications (1)
- nonconsumptive mortality (1)
- nondestructive testing (1)
- nonergodicity (1)
- nonlinear (1)
- nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique (1)
- nonlinear equations (1)
- nonlinear semigroup (1)
- nonpredatory mortality (1)
- nonsymmetric linear-systems (1)
- nonverbal (1)
- northeast germany (1)
- nuclear norm (1)
- nucleation polymerization (1)
- number (1)
- numeric device simulations (1)
- numerical data analysis (1)
- numerical model (1)
- numerical modeling (1)
- numerical relativity (1)
- numerische Bauteilsimulationen (1)
- numerische Strömungsmechanik (1)
- o-ambiguity (1)
- oak tree (1)
- object recognition (1)
- object-based image analysis (1)
- object-constraint programming (1)
- observation (1)
- octopamine (1)
- oculomotor control (1)
- offscraping (1)
- old carbon (1)
- older adults (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (1)
- oligospiroketals (1)
- oligotrophic lake Stechlin (1)
- one-pot reaction (1)
- onset (1)
- onsite monitoring (1)
- open access (1)
- open clusters and associations: general (1)
- open clusters and associations: individual: Trapezium cluster (1)
- open science (1)
- operating system (1)
- optical frequency combs (1)
- optical reconstruction microscopy (1)
- optical solitons (1)
- optical spectra (1)
- optical spectroscopy (1)
- optimal foraging (1)
- optimizations (1)
- optische Frequenzkämme (1)
- optische Solitonen (1)
- optische Spektroskopie (1)
- optoelectronic measurements (1)
- optoelektronische Messungen (1)
- optogenetics (1)
- orality (1)
- organic solar cells (1)
- organic-carbon (1)
- organisational evolution (1)
- organische Solarzellen (1)
- organizational change (1)
- organizational changes (1)
- organizational epistemology (1)
- orientational memory (1)
- origin (1)
- oroclinal bending (1)
- orogenic processes (1)
- orthography (1)
- orts-basiert (1)
- ostafrikanisches Riftsystem (1)
- osteogenic differentiation (1)
- othering (1)
- outbreak (1)
- outcome quality (1)
- outflows (1)
- overacidification (1)
- oxalic precipitation (1)
- oxygen (1)
- oxygen evolution (1)
- oxygen heterocycles (1)
- oxygenation (1)
- p-Aminophenol (1)
- p-Laplace Operator (1)
- pH responsive hydrogel (1)
- pacemaker channels (1)
- pain (1)
- palaeoclimate (1)
- palaeoclimatology (1)
- palaeoecology (1)
- palaeogenetics (1)
- palaeolimnology (1)
- paleo-erosion rates (1)
- paleoaltimetry (1)
- paleoclimate reconstruction (1)
- paleoenvironment (1)
- paleomagnetism (1)
- paleomagnetism and rock magnetism (1)
- paleomagnetism applied to tectonics (1)
- paleophysiology (1)
- paleoreservoir age (1)
- palmitic acid (1)
- palmitoylation (1)
- panel data (1)
- paper chromatography (1)
- paper prototyping (1)
- paperbased (1)
- papierbasiert (1)
- para-Nitro-pyridine N-oxides (1)
- parafoveal (1)
- parafoveal processing (1)
- parafoveal vision (1)
- parameter (1)
- parameters (1)
- parchment (1)
- part 1 (1)
- partial application conditions (1)
- partial coherence (1)
- participatory budget (1)
- particle-in-cell simulations (1)
- particulate organic matter (1)
- partielle Anwendungsbedingungen (1)
- partielle Integration auf dem Pfadraum (1)
- passive seismic monitoring (1)
- past land-use (1)
- path integration (1)
- pathway (1)
- patient (1)
- patterns (1)
- peak discharge (1)
- peak workload duration (1)
- pedagogy (1)
- peer consulting (1)
- pelagische Nahrungskette (1)
- pelvic breadth (1)
- peptide mimotopes (1)
- perception (1)
- performance meas- urement (1)
- performance prediction (1)
- periodic pattern (1)
- periodisches Muster (1)
- peripheral anionic site (1)
- permafrost carbon (1)
- perovskite oxides (1)
- peroxides (1)
- persistence (1)
- personal (1)
- personal response systems (1)
- personality (1)
- personality disorder (1)
- personnel policy (1)
- perturbations (1)
- pflanzliche Zellwände (1)
- pgm (1)
- phages (1)
- phase diagram (1)
- phase transition (1)
- phenology (1)
- phenomenology (1)
- philosophical anthropology, anthropological philosophy, unfathomability of humans (1)
- philosophical foundation of informatics pedagogy (1)
- phonological awareness (1)
- phonological speech disorders (1)
- phonologische Bewusstheit (1)
- phonology (1)
- phonon backfolding (1)
- phonon damping (1)
- phonon dynamics (1)
- phosphate (1)
- phosphate accumulating organisms (1)
- phosphorus (1)
- phosphorylase (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- photocurrent (1)
- photodynamic therapy (1)
- photoelectrochemistry (1)
- photography (1)
- photonic crystals (1)
- photopolymerization (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- phylogenetic diversity (1)
- phylogenomics (1)
- physical SRB measures (1)
- physical activity (1)
- physical chemistry (1)
- physical computing tools (1)
- physical fitness (1)
- physics (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- picosecond acoustics (1)
- pied-noir (1)
- piezophilic bacteria (1)
- piggyback basin (1)
- plan oblique relief (1)
- planetary nebulae: general (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual (A78) (1)
- planetary rings (1)
- plankton (1)
- plant cell walls (1)
- plant diversity (1)
- plant growth (1)
- plant population and community dynamics (1)
- plant specialized metabolism (1)
- plant volatiles (1)
- plant-plant interactions (1)
- plasma convection (1)
- plasma-membrane (1)
- plasmonics (1)
- plateau (1)
- platelets (1)
- platinum (1)
- pneumatic force measuring system (1)
- pocket gophers (1)
- policy design (1)
- pollen flow (1)
- pollen mapping (1)
- pollen-ovule ratios (1)
- pollination syndrome (1)
- pollinator shift (1)
- poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] (1)
- polycystic kidney disease (1)
- polydepsipeptide (1)
- polyelectrolyte (1)
- polyesterurethanes (1)
- polymer chains (1)
- polymerised ionic liquids (1)
- polymersomes (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- polypeptoid (1)
- polysaccharides (1)
- polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (1)
- population density (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- population marketing (1)
- population-dynamics (1)
- population-genetics (1)
- population-structure (1)
- populations (1)
- porphyrins (1)
- positive selection (1)
- postcolonial literatures in English (1)
- postkoloniale englische Literaturen (1)
- postmigrant literature (1)
- postmigrantisches Schreiben (1)
- potassium (1)
- potassium channel (1)
- power (1)
- power-law (1)
- pre-primary level (1)
- precipitation (1)
- precipitation interpolation (1)
- predicting stress (1)
- prediction error (1)
- predictive-validity (1)
- preferential flow (1)
- premise acceptability (1)
- present perfect (1)
- pressure chamber (1)
- presupposition (1)
- preview benefit (1)
- prices (1)
- primary education (1)
- primary level (1)
- primary microcephaly (1)
- principal (1)
- principle (1)
- principles of therapy (1)
- priority setting (1)
- proactive aggression (1)
- probabilistic discrimination (1)
- problem-solving (1)
- process and data integration (1)
- process automation (1)
- process mining (1)
- process recovery (1)
- process refinement (1)
- processing (1)
- processing of auditory nonverbal stimuli (1)
- production network (1)
- professional development (1)
- professionalisation (1)
- profiling (1)
- programm (1)
- programmable adhesion (1)
- programming (1)
- programming in context (1)
- projections (1)
- proliferation (1)
- propargyl (1)
- properties (1)
- propidium (1)
- propositional satisfiability (1)
- prosocial behavior (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- protection (1)
- protein aggregation (1)
- protein microheterogeneity (1)
- protein phosphatase (1)
- protein structure (1)
- protein structures (1)
- protein-carbohydrate interactions (1)
- protein-protein interactions (1)
- protein-synthesis (1)
- proxy forward modeling (1)
- précipitation (1)
- précipitation oxalique (1)
- pseudospectral method (1)
- psychiatrie (1)
- psychiatry (1)
- psychological distress (1)
- psychological well-being (1)
- psychometric properties (1)
- psychophysics toolbox (1)
- public debt (1)
- public management (1)
- public sector (1)
- public sector covered bond (1)
- public service (1)
- public service delivery (1)
- public-private partnership (1)
- publishing (1)
- pulmonary-hypertension (1)
- pulsars: general (1)
- pulsars: individual (PSR J0633+1746, Geminga) (1)
- pulsed climate variability framework (1)
- punctuated equilibrium theory (1)
- pyrene excimer (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quadriceps (1)
- qualitative Sozialforschung (1)
- qualitative social research (1)
- quality assurance (1)
- quality management (1)
- quango (1)
- quantificational force (1)
- quantitative trait loci (1)
- quantum electrodynamics (1)
- quantum gas (1)
- quasars: absorption lines (1)
- quasi-condensate (1)
- quasiconformal mapping (1)
- quasilinear Fredholm operator (1)
- question formation (1)
- questionnaire (1)
- radiation mechanisms: nonthermal (1)
- radiation: dynamics (1)
- radiative transfer (1)
- radical addition (1)
- radiocarbon (1)
- rainfall (1)
- rainfall partitioning (1)
- random walk on Abelian group (1)
- random walks (1)
- randomly forced Duffing equation (1)
- rape (1)
- rape myths (1)
- rape seed (1)
- rapid variations (1)
- rare earth elements (1)
- rasadhvani (1)
- rate-state friction (1)
- rates (1)
- reactive aggression (1)
- reactive transport groundwater model (1)
- reactive transport model (1)
- readers (1)
- reading aloud (1)
- reaktives Grundwassermodell (1)
- real arguments (1)
- real estate portals (1)
- real-time rendering (1)
- rearrangement (1)
- reception aesthetics (1)
- reclassification (1)
- recommendations (1)
- red list (1)
- reductase (1)
- reduction (1)
- reductionism (1)
- referential coding (1)
- refinancing (1)
- reflex (1)
- regional aspects (1)
- regionale Versorgung (1)
- regionales Klimamodell (1)
- regression methods (1)
- regression tree (1)
- regressive Sakkaden (1)
- regressive saccades (1)
- regular and singular inverse Sturm-Liouville problems (1)
- regular exercise training (1)
- regular language (1)
- regularization method (1)
- rehabilitation outcome (1)
- rejection sampling (1)
- rejection sensitivity (1)
- relatedness (1)
- relation historique (1)
- relational aggression (1)
- relativistic processes (1)
- release mechanism (1)
- relevance (1)
- relief map (1)
- remediation (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- remote sensing data (1)
- remote-sensing data (1)
- removable sets (1)
- remunicipalising (1)
- renal-failure (1)
- reorientation (1)
- repetition (1)
- reproducibility (1)
- reproduction (1)
- reproductive success (1)
- research school (1)
- research-based learning (1)
- reservoir characterization (1)
- residential structures (1)
- resolution (1)
- resource use efficiency (1)
- response spectra (1)
- responses (1)
- responsive materials (1)
- responsive polymers (1)
- resting state (1)
- retention (1)
- retinol (ROH) (1)
- retrieval (1)
- reversible bidirectional shape-memory polymer (1)
- reversible work share (1)
- reversible-share-theorem (1)
- review (1)
- reziproke Invarianten (1)
- reziproke Klassen (1)
- rhodamine b (1)
- ribosomal RNA (1)
- rifting (1)
- ring opening polymerization (1)
- ring-opening polymerization (1)
- risk (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- risk model (1)
- risk-assessment (1)
- risk-factors (1)
- river terraces (1)
- river transport (1)
- robbery (1)
- rock (1)
- rock and mineral magnetism (1)
- rock magnetism (1)
- rock strength (1)
- rock uplift (1)
- rock-paper-scissors game (1)
- rod-cone dystrophy (1)
- rotation (1)
- rumours (1)
- räumliche Immobilienmarktanalyse (1)
- saccade detection (1)
- saccades (1)
- salivary-glands (1)
- salon (1)
- salt (1)
- salt spray (1)
- salt-and-pepper (1)
- sandy-beach (1)
- scaled Brownian motion (1)
- scaling laws (1)
- scarcity (1)
- scenarios (1)
- scene perception (1)
- scholar-led publishing (1)
- school (1)
- school attack (1)
- school effectiveness (1)
- school management (1)
- school shooting (1)
- school-aged children (1)
- science policy (1)
- scleral search coils (1)
- scripting environments (1)
- sea level (1)
- seafloor sediment failure (1)
- seasonal dynamics (1)
- seasonal evolution (1)
- secondary computer science education (1)
- secondary education (1)
- sediment fingerprinting (1)
- sediment storage (1)
- sediment thickness (1)
- sedimentary contact (1)
- seed (1)
- segregating oceanic crust (1)
- seismic measurements (1)
- seismic risk (1)
- seismicity (1)
- seismische Messungen (1)
- seismisches Risiko (1)
- sel (1)
- selbstorganisierte Karten (1)
- selective syntheses (1)
- self-employment (1)
- self-evaluation (1)
- self-organising maps (1)
- seltene Erden (1)
- semantics (1)
- semi-empirical models (1)
- semiempirische Modelle (1)
- semipermeable barriers (1)
- senescence (1)
- sensing skin (1)
- sensor (1)
- sensors (1)
- sensory neurons (1)
- sensualist philosophy (1)
- sentence production (1)
- sentence reading (1)
- separation (1)
- sequence (1)
- sequence determinants (1)
- sequences of microsaccades (1)
- serum amyloid A (SAA) (1)
- serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) (1)
- sessile droplet (1)
- sex ratio (1)
- sexual deception (SD) (1)
- sexual selection (1)
- sexual victimisation (1)
- shadow education (1)
- shallow groundwater tables (1)
- shape-memory effect (1)
- shape-memory polymer (1)
- sheep (1)
- shelf (1)
- siberian reservoir (1)
- sign language (1)
- signal detection (1)
- signal-transduction system (1)
- silica nanoparticles (1)
- silicone (1)
- simple majoritarianism (1)
- simulation experiments (1)
- simulation-based (1)
- simulations (1)
- singlet oxygen (1)
- singular point (1)
- sinking speed (1)
- situ produced BE-10 (1)
- situation semantics (1)
- size distributions (1)
- skalenübergreifende Analyse (1)
- skeletochronology (1)
- skew Brownian motion (1)
- skill (1)
- skinfold thickness (1)
- slum tourism (1)
- slumming (1)
- small mammalian herbivores (1)
- small noise asymptotic (1)
- smart specialization (1)
- sociability (1)
- social and environmental administration (1)
- social cognition (1)
- social exchange theory (1)
- social media (1)
- social participation (1)
- social referencing (1)
- social support (1)
- socioeconomic status (1)
- soft elastomeric capacitor (1)
- soft-templating (1)
- software (1)
- soil (1)
- soil organic matter (1)
- soil organic-matter (1)
- soil parameters (1)
- soil production function (1)
- soil texture (1)
- soils (1)
- solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field influence (1)
- solid-phase extraction (1)
- solid-phase peptide synthesis (1)
- solid-state NMR (1)
- soluble heteroglycans (1)
- solvatochrome (1)
- solvent vapor annealing (1)
- sordomudos (1)
- source parameters (1)
- soziale Umwelt (1)
- sozioökonomischer Status (1)
- spatial analysis (1)
- spatial response coding (1)
- spatial statistics (1)
- spatial-distribution (1)
- spatiotemporal resurvey data (1)
- speciation (1)
- species composition (1)
- species interaction network (1)
- species radiation (1)
- species richness (1)
- specific speech and language impairments (SLI) (1)
- spectral theorem (1)
- spectroelectrochemistry (1)
- spectrograph calibration (1)
- spectroscopic ellipsometry (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- speech pathology (1)
- speech perception (1)
- speech production (1)
- speed (1)
- sphingolipids (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) (1)
- spider mites (1)
- spirallike function (1)
- sports club participation (1)
- spray imaging (1)
- stable laws (1)
- stable limit cycle (1)
- staff turnover (1)
- standard (1)
- standard language ideology (1)
- stars: emission-line, Be (1)
- stars: individual (Delta Ori) (1)
- stars: individual (QV Nor, 4U1538+52) (1)
- stars: individual (WR 6) (1)
- stars: individual (delta Ori A) (1)
- stars: individual (gamma Cassiopeiae) (1)
- stars: individual: 1FGL J1018.6-5856 (1)
- stars: individual: CPD-28 degrees 2561 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 23478 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 345439 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 54879 (1)
- stars: individual: Vega (1)
- stars: individual: X1908+075 (1)
- stars: individual: beta CMa (1)
- stars: individual: epsilon CMa (1)
- stars: low-mass (1)
- stars: luminosity function, mass function (1)
- stars: oscillations (1)
- stars: rotation (1)
- stars: statistics (1)
- stars: variables: RR Lyrae (1)
- stars: winds (1)
- starspots (1)
- start-up subsidies (1)
- state owned enterprises (1)
- static stress change (1)
- statistical model selection (1)
- statistical seismology (1)
- statistical-analysis (1)
- statistische Seismologie (1)
- steering (1)
- stellar activity (1)
- stellar physics (1)
- stellar populations (1)
- stellare Populationen (1)
- stem cell (1)
- stemflow (1)
- stent coatings (1)
- steppe soils (1)
- stimulated emission (1)
- stimuli-sensitive polymers (1)
- stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation (1)
- stochastic Marcus (canonical) differential equation (1)
- stochastic bridge (1)
- stochastic thermodynamics (1)
- stochastic-process (1)
- storage cost (1)
- streambed morphology (1)
- streamflow (1)
- strength (1)
- stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- strong and uniform equivalence (1)
- structural health monitoring (1)
- structured illumination (1)
- student activation (1)
- student experience (1)
- student perceptions (1)
- student survey (1)
- student teachers (1)
- students’ conceptions (1)
- students’ knowledge (1)
- study (1)
- subcutaneous adipose tissue (1)
- subdiffraction-resolution (1)
- subduction-accretionary complexes (1)
- subduktions-akkretions Komplexe (1)
- subglacial drainage (1)
- subject/non-subject asymmetry (1)
- subjects (1)
- submarine permafrost (1)
- substance abuse (1)
- subsurface biosphere (1)
- sufficiency (1)
- sugar amino acids (1)
- sulfate reduction (1)
- summer monsoon (1)
- superlattice dispersion (1)
- supernova remnants (1)
- supervising papers or theses (1)
- support (1)
- surface (1)
- surface emissivity (1)
- surface evolution (1)
- surface functionalization (1)
- surface plasmon resonance (1)
- surface relief grating (1)
- surface water levels (1)
- surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy (1)
- surface-initiated photopolymerization (1)
- surfaces (1)
- surfactants (1)
- surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR) (1)
- surveys (1)
- suspended sediment (1)
- suspended sediments (1)
- sustainability (1)
- suture (1)
- suture zones (1)
- sweet taste (1)
- sweet taste receptor (1)
- sweetener (1)
- swelling (1)
- syllabication (1)
- symplectic manifold (1)
- symptom validity tests (1)
- syntactic ambiguity (1)
- syntactic expectation (1)
- syntactic processing of noncanonical sentences (1)
- syntax (1)
- synthesis (1)
- synthetic hydrate samples (1)
- synthetische Hydratproben (1)
- system (1)
- system of systems (1)
- systemic approaches (1)
- systemic response (1)
- systemische Ansätze (1)
- tRNA (1)
- tabular mining (1)
- target (1)
- target environment (1)
- target heart-rate (1)
- target range (1)
- tasks (1)
- taste receptor (1)
- taste receptor screening (1)
- teacher competencies (1)
- teaching experience (1)
- teaching informatics in general education (1)
- teachinglearning culture (1)
- technical advance (1)
- techniques: image processing (1)
- technology development (1)
- tectonic reconstruction (1)
- tectonics (1)
- tele-teaching (1)
- temporal dynamics (1)
- temporal organization (1)
- temporality (1)
- tendinopathy (1)
- tense (1)
- term management impacts (1)
- terpenoids (1)
- terrain map (1)
- terrestrial ecosystems (1)
- testimony (1)
- tetrapyrroles (1)
- text editing (1)
- text structure (1)
- thaliana (1)
- thaw (1)
- the Dirichlet problem (1)
- thematic mapper (1)
- theoretical and practical foundation of german didactics (1)
- theoretische und empirische Fundierung der Fachdidaktik Deutsch (1)
- theory practice (1)
- therapeutic target (1)
- therapy volume (1)
- thermal state (1)
- thermal-convection (1)
- thermo-acoustic ultrasound emitter (1)
- thermo-mechanics (1)
- thermochemical mantle convection (1)
- thermochemical modeling (1)
- thermochemischer Mantelkonvektion (1)
- thermochronology (1)
- thermodynamics (1)
- thermokarst lakes (1)
- thermoresponsiv (1)
- thermoresponsive polymers (1)
- thermoresponsive substrates (1)
- theticity (1)
- thiazolium (1)
- thick ascending limb (1)
- thiol (1)
- thiophene (1)
- three-tier approach (1)
- thrust tectonics (1)
- time resolved (1)
- time resolved FRET (1)
- time series (1)
- time series analysis (1)
- tin-rich ITO (1)
- tipping point (1)
- tissue growth (1)
- tissue-specific (1)
- tolerance index (1)
- topic (1)
- topography (1)
- torsion forms (1)
- total work (1)
- tourism (1)
- township (1)
- township tourism (1)
- toxicology (1)
- trace (1)
- tracking (1)
- traditional expectations (1)
- transaction cost theory (1)
- transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) (1)
- transducer (1)
- transfer function (1)
- transfer-RNA genes (1)
- transformative learning (1)
- transformatives Lernen (1)
- transgenerational plasticity (1)
- transient earthquake patterns (1)
- transient methods (1)
- transiente Erdbebenmuster (1)
- transiente Messmethoden (1)
- transition radiation (1)
- translation (1)
- translation initiation (1)
- transthyretin (TTR) (1)
- trapped surfaces (1)
- travel literature (1)
- travel time distribution (1)
- treatment continuation (1)
- trend analysis (1)
- trend attribution (1)
- trend detection (1)
- trial history (1)
- triggered earthquake (1)
- trophic transfer efficiency (1)
- trophische Transfereffizienz (1)
- tropical lowland rainforest (1)
- trunk muscle strength (1)
- tsunami (1)
- tumor-metastasis (1)
- tundra (1)
- turbulence (1)
- two-photon (1)
- two-photon absorption (1)
- type 2 diabetes mellitus (1)
- tyramine (1)
- ultrasonography (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- umami (1)
- umschriebene Sprachentwicklungsstörungen (1)
- uncertainty estimation (1)
- underplating (1)
- units (1)
- upper atmosphere model (1)
- usage (1)
- use (1)
- user interaction (1)
- user-centred (1)
- variational stability (1)
- varves (1)
- vascularization (1)
- vegetation cover (1)
- vegetation expansion (1)
- verallgemeinerte nichlineare Schrödinger Gleichung (1)
- verbal working memory (1)
- verbales Arbeitsgedächtnis (1)
- verification (1)
- versican (1)
- vertical-distribution (1)
- vesicles (1)
- vibration monitoring (1)
- victim blaming (1)
- video analysis (1)
- video annotation (1)
- video surveillance (1)
- video-oculography (1)
- view maintenance (1)
- virtual reality (1)
- viscoelasticity and memory effects (1)
- viscosity (1)
- visions of democracy (1)
- visual attention (1)
- visual attention (1)
- visual textures (1)
- visualization (1)
- vitamin A deficiency (1)
- volcanic glass (1)
- volcanic island (1)
- von Humboldts Hand (1)
- voting (1)
- vowel perception (1)
- vowel production (1)
- vulgaris (1)
- vulkanischer Gläser (1)
- water availability (1)
- water quality (1)
- water stress (1)
- water-table (1)
- water/decane contact angle (1)
- wavelet analysis (1)
- weak boundary values (1)
- weltwärts (1)
- wetlands (1)
- white adipose tissue (1)
- white dwarfs (1)
- wind speeds (1)
- winter fish kill (1)
- wireworms coloptera (1)
- wissenschaftliche Sammlungen (1)
- wissenschaftsgetriebenes Publizieren (1)
- wood harvest (1)
- word order (1)
- writing ability (1)
- written literacy (1)
- yield gap (1)
- yolk@shell materials (1)
- young genes (1)
- young people (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zeitaufgelöst (1)
- zeitliche Belastung von Verordneten (1)
- zinc/iron supplementation (1)
- zonation (1)
- Ökohydrologie (1)
- Ökosystem (1)
- Übereinstimmungsanalyse (1)
- Überforderung (1)
- Übergitter Dispersion (1)
- Übersäuerung (1)
- Übertragung (1)
- Überwachung (1)
- ß-Cyclodextrin (1)
- ß-cyclodextrine (1)
- öffentliche Unternehmen (1)
- öffentliche Verschuldung (1)
- öffentlicher Sektor (1)
- אנתרופולוגיים (1)
- ברית-מילה (1)
- ויקרא רבה (1)
- חוק (1)
- טבע (1)
- טבע ותרבות (1)
- טורנוסרופוס (1)
- טעמים (1)
- מום (1)
- פסיכואנליטיים (1)
- רבי עקיבא (1)
- ‘unplugged’ computing (1)
Institute
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (295)
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (262)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (256)
- Institut für Chemie (212)
- Department Psychologie (87)
- Department Linguistik (77)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (75)
- Institut für Informatik und Computational Science (75)
- Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (70)
- Institut für Mathematik (65)
XopJ is a Xanthomonas type III effector protein that promotes bacterial virulence on susceptible pepper plants through the inhibition of the host cell proteasome and a resultant suppression of salicylic acid (SA) - dependent defense responses. We show here that Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently expressing XopJ display hypersensitive response (HR) -like symptoms when exogenously treated with SA. This apparent avirulence function of XopJ was further dependent on effector myristoylation as well as on an intact catalytic triad, suggesting a requirement of its enzymatic activity for HR-like symptom elicitation. The ability of XopJ to cause a HR-like symptom development upon SA treatment was lost upon silencing of SGT1 and NDR1, respectively, but was independent of EDS1 silencing, suggesting that XopJ is recognized by an R protein of the CC-NBS-LRR class. Furthermore, silencing of NPR1 abolished the elicitation of HR-like symptoms in XopJ expressing leaves after SA application. Measurement of the proteasome activity indicated that proteasome inhibition by XopJ was alleviated in the presence of SA, an effect that was not observed in NPR1 silenced plants. Our results suggest that XopJ - triggered HR-like symptoms are closely related to the virulence function of the effector and that XopJ follows a two-signal model in order to elicit a response in the non-host plant N. benthamiana.
XopJ is a Xanthomonas type III effector protein that promotes bacterial virulence on susceptible pepper plants through the inhibition of the host cell proteasome and a resultant suppression of salicylic acid (SA) - dependent defense responses. We show here that Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently expressing XopJ display hypersensitive response (HR) -like symptoms when exogenously treated with SA. This apparent avirulence function of XopJ was further dependent on effector myristoylation as well as on an intact catalytic triad, suggesting a requirement of its enzymatic activity for HR-like symptom elicitation. The ability of XopJ to cause a HR-like symptom development upon SA treatment was lost upon silencing of SGT1 and NDR1, respectively, but was independent of EDS1 silencing, suggesting that XopJ is recognized by an R protein of the CC-NBS-LRR class. Furthermore, silencing of NPR1 abolished the elicitation of HR-like symptoms in XopJ expressing leaves after SA application. Measurement of the proteasome activity indicated that proteasome inhibition by XopJ was alleviated in the presence of SA, an effect that was not observed in NPR1 silenced plants. Our results suggest that XopJ - triggered HR-like symptoms are closely related to the virulence function of the effector and that XopJ follows a two-signal model in order to elicit a response in the non-host plant N. benthamiana.
The application of electrospray ionization (ESI) ion mobility (IM) spectrometry on the detection end of a high-performance liquid chromatograph has been a subject of study for some time. So far, this method has been limited to low flow rates or has required splitting of the liquid flow. This work presents a novel concept of an ESI source facilitating the stable operation of the spectrometer at flow rates between 10 mu L min(-1) and 1500 mu L min(-1) without flow splitting, advancing the T-cylinder design developed by Kurnin and co-workers. Flow rates eight times faster than previously reported were achieved because of a more efficient dispersion of the liquid at increased electrospray voltages combined with nebulization by a sheath gas. Imaging revealed the spray operation to be in a rotationally symmetric multijet-mode. The novel ESI-IM spectrometer tolerates high water contents (<= 90%) and electrolyte concentrations up to 10 mM, meeting another condition required of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detectors. Limits of detection of 50 nM for promazine in the positive mode and 1 mu M for 1,3-dinitrobenzene in the negative mode were established. Three mixtures of reduced complexity (five surfactants, four neuroleptics, and two isomers) were separated in the millisecond regime in stand-alone operation of the spectrometer. Separations of two more complex mixtures (five neuroleptics and 13 pesticides) demonstrate the application of the spectrometer as an HPLC detector. The examples illustrate the advantages of the spectrometer over the established diode array detector, in terms of additional IM separation of substances not fully separated in the retention time domain as well as identification of substances based on their characteristic IMs.
Density regulation influences population dynamics through its effects on demographic rates and consequently constitutes a key mechanism explaining the response of organisms to environmental changes. Yet, it is difficult to establish the exact form of density dependence from empirical data. Here, we developed an individual-based model to explore how resource limitation and behavioural processes determine the spatial structure of white stork Ciconia ciconia populations and regulate reproductive rates. We found that the form of density dependence differed considerably between landscapes with the same overall resource availability and between home range selection strategies, highlighting the importance of fine-scale resource distribution in interaction with behaviour. In accordance with theories of density dependence, breeding output generally decreased with density but this effect was highly variable and strongly affected by optimal foraging strategy, resource detection probability and colonial behaviour. Moreover, our results uncovered an overlooked consequence of density dependence by showing that high early nestling mortality in storks, assumed to be the outcome of harsh weather, may actually result from density dependent effects on food provision. Our findings emphasize that accounting for interactive effects of individual behaviour and local environmental factors is crucial for understanding density-dependent processes within spatially structured populations. Enhanced understanding of the ways animal populations are regulated in general, and how habitat conditions and behaviour may dictate spatial population structure and demographic rates is critically needed for predicting the dynamics of populations, communities and ecosystems under changing environmental conditions.
This article presents a simple and facile method to fabricate thermoresponsive polymer-grafted silica particles by direct surface-initiated photopolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). This method is based on silica particles bearing thiol functionalities, which are transformed into thiyl radicals by irradiation with UV light to initiate the polymerization of NIPAM in aqueous media at room temperature. The photopolymerization of NIPAM could be applied to smaller thiol-functionalized particles (approximate to 48 nm) as well as to larger particles (approximate to 692 nm). Hollow poly(NIPAM) capsules could be formed after etching away the silica cores from the composite particles. It is possible to produce tailor-made composite particles or capsules for particular applications by extending this approach to other vinyl monomers. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 2015, 53, 1260-1267
CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling controls multiple physiological processes and its dysregulation is associated with cancers and inflammatory diseases. To discover as-yet-unknown endogenous ligands of CXCR4, we screened a blood-derived peptide library for inhibitors of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 strains. This approach identified a 16 amino acid fragment of serum albumin as an effective and highly specific CXCR4 antagonist. The endogenous peptide, termed EPI-X4, is evolutionarily conserved and generated from the highly abundant albumin precursor by pH-regulated proteases. EPI-X4 forms an unusual lasso-like structure and antagonizes CXCL12-induced tumor cell migration, mobilizes stem cells, and suppresses inflammatory responses in mice. Furthermore, the peptide is abundant in the urine of patients with inflammatory kidney diseases and may serve as a biomarker. Our results identify EPI-X4 as a key regulator of CXCR4 signaling and introduce proteolysis of an abundant precursor protein as an alternative concept for chemokine receptor regulation.
Portal Wissen = Wege
(2015)
Wie Merkmale von Generation zu Generation weitervererbt werden, wie sich die Erbinformation dabei durch Mutationen verändert und somit zur Ausprägung neuer Eigenschaften und der Entstehung neuer Arten beiträgt, sind spannende Fragen der Biologie. Genetische Differenzierung führte im Laufe von Jahrmillionen zur Ausbildung einer schier unglaublichen Artenvielfalt. Die Evolution hat viele Wege beschritten. Sie hat zu großartiger natürlicher Biodiversität geführt – zu Organismen, die an sehr unterschiedliche Umwelten angepasst sind und zum Teil eine ulkige Gestalt haben oder ein merkwürdiges Verhalten zeigen. Aber auch die von Menschenhand gemachte Biodiversität ist überwältigend – man denke nur an die 10.000 verschiedenen Rosensorten, die uns entzücken, oder die Myriaden unterschiedlicher Weizen-, Gerste- oder Maisvarianten; Pflanzen, die allesamt früher einmal einfache Gräser waren, uns heute aber ernähren. Wir Menschen schaffen eine eigene Biodiversität, eine, die die Natur selbst nicht kennt. Und wir „fahren“ gut damit. Dank der Genomforschung können wir heute die gesamte Erbinformation von Organismen in wenigen Stunden bis Tagen aus- lesen. Sehr viel länger dauert es aber, die zahlreichen Abschnitte eines Genoms funktionell zu kartieren.
Die Wissenschaftler bedienen sich dazu vielfältiger Methoden: Dabei gehört es heute weltweit zum Standardrepertoire, Gene gezielt zu inaktivieren oder zu aktivieren, ihren Code zu modifizieren oder Erbinformationen zwischen Organismen auszutauschen. Dennoch sind die Wege, die zur Erkenntnis führen, oft verschlungen. Nicht selten müssen ausgeklügelte experimentelle Ansätze gewählt werden, um neue Einsichten in biologische Prozesse zu gewinnen.
Mit den Methoden der Genomforschung können wir nicht nur das erkunden, was sich in der Natur „da draußen“ findet. Wir können auch fragen: „Wie verhält sich ein Lebewesen, beispielsweise ein Moos, eigentlich, wenn wir es zur International Space Station (ISS) schicken? Und können wir daraus Kenntnisse gewinnen über die Anpassungsstrategien von Lebewesen an harsche Umweltbedingungen oder gar für eine spätere Besiedlung des Mondes oder des Mars´?“ Oder können wir mithilfe der synthetischen Biologie Mikroorganismen präzise, quasi am Reißbrett geplant, so verändern, dass neue Optionen für die Behandlung von Krankheiten und für die Herstellung innovativer biobasierter Produkte entstehen? Die Antwort auf beide Fragen lautet eindeutig: Ja! (Wenngleich ein Umzug auf andere Planeten derzeit natürlich nicht vornan steht.).
Landnutzung durch den Menschen bestimmt die Biodiversität. Andererseits tragen Organismen zur landschaftlichen Formenbildung bei und beeinflussen über kurz oder lang die Zusammensetzung unserer Atmosphäre. Auch hier gibt es spannende Fragen, mit denen sich die Forschung beschäftigt.
Um neue Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, müssen Forscher immer wieder neue Wege einschlagen. Oft kreuzen sich auch Pfade. So war es beispielsweise vor wenigen Jahren noch kaum absehbar, wir stark die ökologische Forschung beispielsweise von den schnellen DNA-Sequenziermethoden profitieren würde, und die Genomforscher unter uns konnten kaum erahnen, wie die gleichen Techniken uns neue Möglichkeiten an die Hand geben sollten, die hochkomplexe Regulation in Zellen zu untersuchen und für die Optimierung biotechnologischer Prozesse zu nutzen.
Beispiele aus den vielfältigen Facetten der biologischen Forschung finden Sie – neben anderen interessanten Beiträgen – in der aktuellen Ausgabe von „Portal Wissen“. Ich wünsche Ihnen eine anregende Lektüre!
Prof. Dr. Bernd Müller-Röber
Professor für Molekularbiologie
The article analyses whether the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has served as a catalyst for the development of international law, as well as whether international law has been instrumental in attempting to find solutions for the said conflict.
In several ways, this conflict has made a significant contribution to understanding and interpreting the UN Charter. It also brought along important developments about the role of third parties, both under the Geneva Conventions and under the law of state responsibility, which provides for an obligation of not recognizing as legal, or not rendering aid or assistance to situations caused by serious violations of jus cogens.
International judicial institutions (and also domestic ones) play a rather limited role in this respect, due both to a lack of courage to address fundamental questions, and/or a disregard of the outcome of the proceedings by at least one of the parties to the conflict. Other reasons are Israel's reluctance of accepting the jurisdiction of either the ICJ or the ICC, and its view on the non-applicability of human rights treaties outside of its territory, as well as Palestine's uncertain status in the international community limiting its access to international courts. However, the ICJ's 2004 (formally non-binding) advisory opinion on the Israeli Wall provided answers to some of the most fundamental questions related to the conflict, unfortunately without having any immediate impact on the situation on the ground. Given Palestine's accession to the Rome Statute in early 2015, time has yet to show which role in the process will be played by the ICC.
Other issues arising from the conflict, and examined by this article, are that of (Palestinian) statehood, going beyond the traditional concept of statehood and including the consequences of the jus cogens-character of the right of self-determination, as well as questions of treaty succession and succession in matters of State responsibility with regard to acts committed by the PLO.
Die Assoziierung der überseeischen Länder und Hoheitsgebiete Vorbemerkung zu den Artikeln 198-204
(2015)
Artikel 210 (Koordinierung)
(2015)
Numerous studies investigated the influence of abiotic (meteorological conditions) and biotic factors (tree characteristics) on stemflow generation. Although these studies identified the variables that influence stemflow volumes in simply structured forests, the combination of tree characteristics that allows a robust prediction of stemflow volumes in species-rich forests is not well known. Many hydrological applications, however, require at least a rough estimate of stemflow volumes based on the characteristics of a forest stand. The need for robust predictions of stemflow motivated us to investigate the relationships between tree characteristics and stemflow volumes in a species-rich tropical forest located in central Panama. Based on a sampling setup consisting of ten rainfall collectors, 300 throughfall samplers and 60 stemflow collectors and cumulated data comprising 26 rain events, we derive three main findings. Firstly, stemflow represents a minor hydrological component in the studied 1-ha forest patch (1.0% of cumulated rainfall). Secondly, in the studied species-rich forest, single tree characteristics are only weakly related to stemflow volumes. The influence of multiple tree parameters (e.g. crown diameter, presence of large epiphytes and inclination of branches) and the dependencies among these parameters require a multivariate approach to understand the generation of stemflow. Thirdly, predicting stemflow in species-rich forests based on tree parameters is a difficult task. Although our best model can capture the variation in stemflow to some degree, a critical validation reveals that the model cannot provide robust predictions of stemflow. A reanalysis of data from previous studies in species-rich forests corroborates this finding. Based on these results and considering that for most hydrological applications, stemflow is only one parameter among others to estimate, we advocate using the base model, i.e. the mean of the stemflow data, to quantify stemflow volumes for a given study area. Studies in species-rich forests that wish to obtain predictions of stemflow based on tree parameters probably need to conduct a much more extensive sampling than currently implemented by most studies. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current curricular trends require teachers in Baden-
Wuerttemberg (Germany) to integrate Computer Science (CS) into
traditional subjects, such as Physical Science. However, concrete guidelines
are missing. To fill this gap, we outline an approach where a
microcontroller is used to perform and evaluate measurements in the
Physical Science classroom.
Using the open-source Arduino platform, we expect students to acquire
and develop both CS and Physical Science competencies by using a
self-programmed microcontroller. In addition to this combined development
of competencies in Physical Science and CS, the subject matter
will be embedded in suitable contexts and learning environments,
such as weather and climate.
On 27 December 2007, a 1.9 seismic event occurred within a dyke in the deep-level Mponeng Gold Mine, South Africa. From the seismological network of the mine and the one from the Japanese-German Underground Acoustic Emission Research in South Africa (JAGUARS) group, the hypocentral depth (3,509 m), focal mechanism and aftershock location were estimated. Since no mining activity took place in the days before the event, dynamic triggering due to blasting can be ruled out as the cause. To investigate the hypothesis that stress transfer, due to excavation of the gold reef, induced the event, we set up a small-scale high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) geomechanical numerical model. The model consisted of the four different rock units present in the mine: quartzite (footwall), hard lava (hanging wall), conglomerate (gold reef) and diorite (dykes). The numerical solution was computed using a finite-element method with a discretised mesh of approximately elements. The initial stress state of the model is in agreement with in situ data from a neighbouring mine, and the step-wise excavation was simulated by mass removal from the gold reef. The resulting 3D stress tensor and its changes due to mining were analysed based on the Coulomb failure stress changes on the fault plane of the event. The results show that the seismic event was induced regardless of how the Coulomb failure stress changes were calculated and of the uncertainties in the fault plane solution. We also used the model to assess the seismic hazard due to the excavation towards the dyke. The resulting curve of stress changes shows a significant increase in the last in front of the dyke, indicating that small changes in the mining progress towards the dyke have a substantial impact on the stress transfer.
Camellia sinensis synthesizes and emits a large variety of volatile phenylpropanoids and benzenoids (VPB). To investigate the enzymes involved in the formation of these VPB compounds, a new C. sinensis short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (CsSDR) was isolated, cloned, sequenced, and functionally characterized. The complete open reading frame of CsSDR contains 996 nucleotides with a calculated protein molecular mass of 34.5 kDa. The CsSDR recombinant protein produced in Escherichia coli exhibited dehydrogenase-reductase activity towards several major VPB compounds in C. sinensis flowers with a strong preference for NADP/NADPH co-factors, and showed affinity for (R)/(S)-1-phenylethanol (1PE), phenylacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol, and no affinity for acetophenone (AP) and 2-phenylethanol. CsSDR showed the highest catalytic efficiency towards (R)/(S)-1PE. Furthermore, the transient expression analysis in Nicotiana benthamiana plants validated that CsSDR could convert 1PE to AP in plants. CsSDR transcript level was not significantly affected by floral development and some jasmonic acid-related environmental stress, and CsSDR transcript accumulation was detected in most floral tissues such as receptacle and anther, which were main storage locations of VPB compounds. Our results indicate that CsSDR is expressed in C. sinensis flowers and is likely to contribute to a number of floral VPB compounds including the 1PE derivative AP.
Barite concretions and bands are widely distributed in black shale-chert horizons in the Yurtus Formation of Lower Cambrian in Aksu area, northwestern Tarim Basin, NW China. They mainly consist of coarse-grained anhedral to euhedral barite crystals with minor dolomites and pyrites. Petrological features indicate these concretions grew from the porewater in unconsolidated sediments at shallow burial below sediment-water interface. The slight deviation of Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios (0.7083 to 0.7090) and significant elevated delta S-34 values (56.8-76.4 parts per thousand CDT) of barite samples with respect to those of the Early Cambrian seawater further support that barite deposits precipitated from the enclosed porewater in sediment column, which evolved from the penecontemporaneous seawater with weak interaction with the host fine-grained siliciclastic sediments and highly-depleted sulfate in response to prolonged strong bacterial sulfate reduction without necessary renewal. The abundant organic matters in the basal Yurtus Formation should have facilitated developing sulfate-depleted methanogenesis zone and sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) slightly after deposition. Therefore, barite deposits in the Yurtus Formation most likely resulted from diagenetic barium cycling and persistently grew from the porewater in the static SMTZ with a low sedimentation rate in the Early Cambrian. In comparison with the distribution of sedimentary barites in geological records, we tentatively proposed that a transition in diagenetic barium cycling and associated mineralization may have occurred from the Precambrian to Cambrian periods; this scenario may be causally linked to the changes in marine ecology (the advent of mesozooplankton and associated faecal pellet) and geochemistry (the increase of seawater sulfate concentration). Thus, the occurrence of diagenetic barite deposits in the Yurtus Formation implies that diagenetic barium cycling and more effective scavenging of barium from CH4- and Ba-rich porewaters within sediments might have become an nonnegligible process in continental margin areas, at least, since the earliest Cambrian, which could have significantly impacted the marine barium cycling. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The rehydration of thermoresponsive poly(monomethoxydiethylene glycol acrylate) (PMDEGA) films exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type demixing phase transition in aqueous environments, induced by a decrease in temperature, is investigated in situ with real-time neutron reflectivity. Two different starting conditions (collapsed versus partially swollen chain conformation) are compared. In one experiment, the temperature is reduced from above the demixing temperature to well below the demixing temperature. In a second experiment, the starting temperature is below the demixing temperature, but within the transition regime, and reduced to the same final temperature. In both cases, the observed rehydration process can be divided into three stages: first condensation of water from the surrounding atmosphere, then absorption of water by the PMDEGA film and evaporation of excess water, and finally, rearrangement of the PMDEGA chains. The final rehydrated film is thicker and contains more absorbed water as compared with the initially swollen film at the same temperature well below the demixing temperature.
The Upper Cambrian Lower Qiulitag Group in the Tarim Basin, NW China, is overwhelmingly composed of cyclic dolomites. Based on extensive field investigations and facies analysis from four outcrop sections in the Bachu-Keping area, northwestern Tarim Basin, four main types of facies are recognized: open-marine subtidal, restricted shallow subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal facies, and these are further subdivided into ten lithofacies. In general, these facies are vertically arranged into shallowing-upward, metre-scale cycles. These cycles are commonly composed of a thin basal horizon reflecting abrupt deepening, and a thicker upper succession showing gradual shallowing upwards. Based on the vertical facies arrangements and changes across boundary surfaces, two types of cycle: peritidal and shallow subtidal cycle, are further identified. The peritidal cycles, predominating over the lower-middle Lower Qiulitag Group, commence with shallow subtidal to lower intertidal facies and are capped by inter-supratidal facies. In contrast, the shallow subtidal cycles, dominating the upper Lower Qiulitag Group, are capped by shallow-subtidal facies. Based on vertical lithofacies variations, cycle stacking patterns, and accommodation variations revealed by Fischer plots, six larger-scale third-order depositional sequences (Sq1-Sq6) are recognized. These sequences generally consist of a lower transgressive and an upper regressive systems tract. The transgressive tracts are dominated by thicker-than-average cycles, indicating an overall accommodation increase, whereas the regressive tracts are characterized by thinner-than-average peritidal cycles, indicating an overall accommodation decrease. The sequence boundaries are characterized by transitional zones of stacked thinner-than-average cycles, rather than by a single surface. These sequences can further be grouped into lower-order sequence sets: the lower and upper sequence sets. The lower sequence set, including Sq1-Sq3, is characterized by peritidal facies-dominated sequences and a progressive decrease in accommodation space, indicating a longer-term fall in sea level. In contrast, the upper sequence set (Sq4-Sq6) is characterized by subtidal facies-dominated sequences and a progressive increase in accommodation space, indicating a longer-term rise in sea level.
Shape-Memory Capability of Copolyetheresterurethane Microparticles Prepared via Electrospraying
(2015)
Multifunctional thermo-responsive and degradable microparticles exhibiting a shapememory effect (SME) have attracted widespread interest in biomedicine as switchable delivery vehicles or microactuators. In this work almost spherical solid microparticles with an average diameter of 3.9 +/- 0.9 mm are prepared via electrospraying of a copolyetheresterurethane named PDC, which is composed of crystallizable oligo(p-dioxanone) (OPDO) hard and oligo(e-caprolactone) (OCL) switching segments. The PDC microparticles are programmed via compression at different pressures and their shapememory capability is explored by off-line and online heating experiments. When a low programming pressure of 0.2 MPa is applied a pronounced thermally-induced shape-memory effect is achieved with a shape recovery ratio about 80%, while a high programming pressure of 100 MPa resulted in a weak shape-memory performance. Finally, it is demonstrated that an array of PDC microparticles deposited on a polypropylene (PP) substrate can be successfully programmed into a smart temporary film, which disintegrates upon heating to 60 degrees C.
The retinitis pigmentosa 2 polypeptide (RP2) functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for ARL3 (Arf-like protein 3), a small GTPase. ARL3 is an effector of phosphodiesterase 6 Delta (PDE6D), a prenyl-binding protein and chaperone of prenylated protein in photoreceptors. Mutations in the human RP2 gene cause X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) and cone-rod dystrophy (XL-CORD). To study mechanisms causing XLRP, we generated an RP2 knockout mouse. The RP2h(-/-) mice exhibited a slowly progressing rod-cone dystrophy simulating the human disease. RP2h(-/-) scotopic a-wave and photopic b-wave amplitudes declined at 1 mo of age and continued to decline over the next 6 mo. Prenylated PDE6 subunits and G-protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) were unable to traffic effectively to the RP2h(-/-) outer segments. Mechanistically, absence of RP2 GAP activity increases ARL3-GTP levels, forcing PDE6D to assume a predominantly "closed" conformation that impedes binding of lipids. Lack of interaction disrupts trafficking of PDE6 and GRK1 to their destination, the photoreceptor outer segments. We propose that hyperactivity of ARL3-GTP in RP2 knockout mice and human patients with RP2 null alleles leads to XLRP resembling recessive rod-cone dystrophy.
The polarization signatures of blazar emissions are known to be highly variable. In addition to small fluctuations of the polarization angle around a mean value, large (greater than or similar to 180 degrees) polarization angle swings are sometimes observed. We suggest that such phenomena can be interpreted as arising from light travel time effects within an underlying axisymmetric emission region. We present the first simultaneous fitting of the multi-wavelength spectrum, variability, and time-dependent polarization features of a correlated optical and gamma-ray flaring event of the prominent blazar 3C279, which was accompanied by a drastic change in its polarization signatures. This unprecedented combination of spectral, variability, and polarization information in a coherent physical model allows us to place stringent constraints on the particle acceleration and magnetic field topology in the relativistic jet of a blazar, strongly favoring a scenario in which magnetic energy dissipation is the primary driver of the flare event.
Swelling of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: The Relation Between, Surface and Bulk Characteristics
(2015)
The odd even effect, i.e., the influence of the outermost layer of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) on their swelling behavior, is investigated. For that purpose poly(styrene sodium sulfonate) (PSS)/poly(diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) polyelectrolyte multilayers are studied in air with 1% relative humidity (RH), 30% RH, 95% RH, and in liquid water by ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray reflectometry (XRR). Since the total amount of water uptake in swollen PEMs is divided into two fractions, the void water and the swelling water, a correct evaluation of the odd even effect is only possible if both fractions are examined separately. In order to allow measuring samples over a larger thickness regime the investigation of a larger amount of samples is required. Therefore, the concept of separating void water from swelling water using neutron reflectometry is for the first time transferred to ellipsometry. The subsequent analysis of swelling water, void water, and roughness revealed the existence of two types of odd even effects: an odd even effect which addresses only the surface of the PEM (surface-odd even effect) and an odd even effect which addresses also the bulk of the PEM (bulk-odd even effect). The appearance of both effects is dependent on the environment; the surface-odd even effect is only detectable in humid air while the bulk-odd even effect is only detectable in liquid water. The bulk-odd even effect is related to the osmotic pressure between the PEM and the surrounding water. A correlation between the amount of void water and both odd even effects is not found. The amount of void water is independent of the terminated layer and the thickness of PEMs.
A direct electron transfer (DET) based sulphite/oxygen biofuel cell is reported that utilises human sulphite oxidase (hSOx) and Myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase (MvBOx) and nanostructured gold electrodes. For bioanode construction, the nanostructured gold microelectrodes were further modified with 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid di(N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) to which polyethylene imine was covalently attached. hSOx was adsorbed onto this chemically modified nanostructured electrode with high surface loading of electroactive enzyme and in presence of sulphite high anodic bioelectrocatalytic currents were generated with an onset potential of 0.05 V vs. NHE. The biocathode contained MyBOx directly adsorbed to the deposited gold nanoparticles for cathodic oxygen reduction starting at 0.71 V vs. NHE. Both enzyme electrodes were integrated to a DET-type biofuel cell. Power densities of 8 and 1 mu W cm(-2) were achieved at 0.15 V and 0.45 V of cell voltages, respectively, with the membrane based biodevices under aerobic conditions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The bioelectrocatalytic sulfite oxidation by human sulfite oxidase (hSO) on indium tin oxide (ITO) is reported, which is facilitated by functionalizing of the electrode surface with polyethylenimine (PEI)-entrapped CdS nanoparticles and enzyme. hSO was assembled onto the electrode with a high surface loading of electroactive enzyme. In the presence of sulfite but without additional mediators, a high bioelectrocatalytic current was generated. Reference experiments with only PEI showed direct electron transfer and catalytic activity of hSO, but these were less pronounced. The application of the polyelectrolyte-entrapped quantum dots (QDs) on ITO electrodes provides a compatible surface for enzyme binding with promotion of electron transfer. Variations of the buffer solution conditions, e.g., ionic strength, pH, viscosity, and the effect of oxygen, were studied in order to understand intramolecular and heterogeneous electron transfer from hSO to the electrode. The results are consistent with a model derived for the enzyme by using flash photolysis in solution and spectroelectrochemistry and molecular dynamic simulations of hSO on monolayer-modified gold electrodes. Moreover, for the first time a photoelectrochemical electrode involving immobilized hSO is demonstrated where photoexcitation of the CdS/hSO-modified electrode lead to an enhanced generation of bioelectrocatalytic currents upon sulfite addition. Oxidation starts already at the redox potential of the electron transfer domain of hSO and is greatly increased by application of a small overpotential to the CdS/hSO-modified ITO.
The electrophoretic deposition process was used to produce multi-layered ceramics consisting of alternating layers of fully stabilized cubic zirconia and partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia to make use of their different mechanical behaviour, investigating the possibility to deflect advancing cracks at the interfaces of the different layers. This crack deflection is apparently impacted by a toughening mechanism only found in the tetragonal stabilized zirconia polymorph and is characterized by the stress induced transformation of the metastable tetragonal phase into the monoclinic one, which is accompanied by a volume increase resulting in a closing mechanism for advancing cracks.
While improving the electrophoretic deposition process, we investigated the transformation toughening mechanism at the layer interfaces and their effect on crack propagation. Investigations involved a combination of different imaging methods, including light microscopy, white light interferometry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
Analysis and modeling of transient earthquake patterns and their dependence on local stress regimes
(2015)
Investigations in the field of earthquake triggering and associated interactions, which includes aftershock triggering as well as induced seismicity, is important for seismic hazard assessment due to earthquakes destructive power. One of the approaches to study earthquake triggering and their interactions is the use of statistical earthquake models, which are based on knowledge of the basic seismicity properties, in particular, the magnitude distribution and spatiotemporal properties of the triggered events.
In my PhD thesis I focus on some specific aspects of aftershock properties, namely, the relative seismic moment release of the aftershocks with respect to the mainshocks; the spatial correlation between aftershock occurrence and fault deformation; and on the influence of aseismic transients on the aftershock parameter estimation. For the analysis of aftershock sequences I choose a statistical approach, in particular, the well known Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model, which accounts for the input of background and triggered seismicity. For my specific purposes, I develop two ETAS model modifications in collaboration with Sebastian Hainzl. By means of this approach, I estimate the statistical aftershock parameters and performed simulations of aftershock sequences as well.
In the case of seismic moment release of aftershocks, I focus on the ratio of cumulative seismic moment release with respect to the mainshocks. Specifically, I investigate the ratio with respect to the focal mechanism of the mainshock and estimate an effective magnitude, which represents the cumulative aftershock energy (similar to Bath's law, which defines the average difference between mainshock and the largest aftershock magnitudes). Furthermore, I compare the observed seismic moment ratios with the results of the ETAS simulations. In particular, I test a restricted ETAS (RETAS) model which is based on results of a clock advanced model and static stress triggering.
To analyze spatial variations of triggering parameters I focus in my second approach on the aftershock occurrence triggered by large mainshocks and the study of the aftershock parameter distribution and their spatial correlation with the coseismic/postseismic slip and interseismic locking. To invert the aftershock parameters I improve the modified ETAS (m-ETAS) model, which is able to take the extension of the mainshock rupture into account. I compare the results obtained by the classical approach with the output of the m-ETAS model.
My third approach is concerned with the temporal clustering of seismicity, which might not only be related to earthquake-earthquake interactions, but also to a time-dependent background rate, potentially biasing the parameter estimations. Thus, my coauthors and I also applied a modification of the ETAS model, which is able to take into account time-dependent background activity. It can be applicable for two different cases: when an aftershock catalog has a temporal incompleteness or when the background seismicity rate changes with time, due to presence of aseismic forces.
An essential part of any research is the testing of the developed models using observational data sets, which are appropriate for the particular study case. Therefore, in the case of seismic moment release I use the global seismicity catalog. For the spatial distribution of triggering parameters I exploit two aftershock sequences of the Mw8.8 2010 Maule (Chile) and Mw 9.0 2011 Tohoku (Japan) mainshocks. In addition, I use published geodetic slip models of different authors. To test our ability to detect aseismic transients my coauthors and I use the data sets from Western Bohemia (Central Europe) and California.
Our results indicate that:
(1) the seismic moment of aftershocks with respect to mainshocks depends on the static stress changes and is maximal for the normal, intermediate for thrust and minimal for strike-slip stress regimes, where the RETAS model shows a good correspondence with the results;
(2) The spatial distribution of aftershock parameters, obtained by the m-ETAS model, shows anomalous values in areas of reactivated crustal fault systems. In addition, the aftershock density is found to be correlated with coseismic slip gradient, afterslip, interseismic coupling and b-values. Aftershock seismic moment is positively correlated with the areas of maximum coseismic slip and interseismically locked areas. These correlations might be related to the stress level or to material properties variations in space;
(3) Ignoring aseismic transient forcing or temporal catalog incompleteness can lead to the significant under- or overestimation of the underlying trigger parameters. In the case when a catalog is complete, this method helps to identify aseismic sources.
We propose a fibre-based approach for generation of optical frequency combs (OFCs) with the aim of calibration of astronomical spectrographs in the low and medium-resolution range. This approach includes two steps: in the first step, an appropriate state of optical pulses is generated and subsequently moulded in the second step delivering the desired OFC. More precisely, the first step is realised by injection of two continuous-wave (CW) lasers into a conventional single-mode fibre, whereas the second step generates a broad OFC by using the optical solitons generated in step one as initial condition. We investigate the conversion of a bichromatic input wave produced by two initial CW lasers into a train of optical solitons, which happens in the fibre used as step one. Especially, we are interested in the soliton content of the pulses created in this fibre. For that, we study different initial conditions (a single cosine-hump, an Akhmediev breather, and a deeply modulated bichromatic wave) by means of soliton radiation beat analysis and compare the results to draw conclusion about the soliton content of the state generated in the first step. In case of a deeply modulated bichromatic wave, we observed the formation of a collective soliton crystal for low input powers and the appearance of separated solitons for high input powers. An intermediate state showing the features of both, the soliton crystal and the separated solitons, turned out to be most suitable for the generation of OFC for the purpose of calibration of astronomical spectrographs.
We investigate the generation of optical frequency combs through a cascade of four-wave mixing processes in nonlinear fibres with optimised parameters. The initial optical field consists of two continuous-wave lasers with frequency separation larger than 40 GHz (312.7 pm at 1531 nm). It propagates through three nonlinear fibres. The first fibre serves to pulse shape the initial sinusoidal-square pulse, while a strong pulse compression down to sub-100 fs takes place in the second fibre which is an amplifying erbium-doped fibre. The last stage is a low-dispersion highly nonlinear fibre where the frequency comb bandwidth is increased and the line intensity is equalised. We model this system using the generalised nonlinear Schrodinger equation and investigate it in terms of fibre lengths, fibre dispersion, laser frequency separation and input powers with the aim to minimise the frequency comb noise. With the support of the numerical results, a frequency comb is experimentally generated, first in the near infra-red and then it is frequency-doubled into the visible spectral range. Using a MUSE-type spectrograph, we evaluate the comb performance for astronomical wavelength calibration in terms of equidistancy of the comb lines and their stability.
Optical frequency combs (OFC) constitute an array of phase-correlated equidistant spectral lines with nearly equal intensities over a broad spectral range. The adaptations of combs generated in mode-locked lasers proved to be highly efficient for the calibration of high-resolution (resolving power > 50000) astronomical spectrographs. The observation of different galaxy structures or the studies of the Milky Way are done using instruments in the low- and medium resolution range. To such instruments belong, for instance, the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) being developed for the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) being in development for the ESO VISTA 4.1 m Telescope. The existing adaptations of OFC from mode-locked lasers are not resolvable by these instruments.
Within this work, a fibre-based approach for generation of OFC specifically in the low- and medium resolution range is studied numerically. This approach consists of three optical fibres that are fed by two equally intense continuous-wave (CW) lasers. The first fibre is a conventional single-mode fibre, the second one is a suitably pumped amplifying Erbium-doped fibre with anomalous dispersion, and the third one is a low-dispersion highly nonlinear optical fibre. The evolution of a frequency comb in this system is governed by the following processes: as the two initial CW-laser waves with different frequencies propagate through the first fibre, they generate an initial comb via a cascade of four-wave mixing processes. The frequency components of the comb are phase-correlated with the original laser lines and have a frequency spacing that is equal to the initial laser frequency separation (LFS), i.e. the difference in the laser frequencies. In the time domain, a train of pre-compressed pulses with widths of a few pico-seconds arises out of the initial bichromatic deeply-modulated cosine-wave. These pulses undergo strong compression in the subsequent amplifying Erbium-doped fibre: sub-100 fs pulses with broad OFC spectra are formed. In the following low-dispersion highly nonlinear fibre, the OFC experience a further broadening and the intensity of the comb lines are fairly equalised. This approach was mathematically modelled by means of a Generalised Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (GNLS) that contains terms describing the nonlinear optical Kerr effect, the delayed Raman response, the pulse self-steepening, and the linear optical losses as well as the wavelength-dependent Erbium gain profile for the second fibre. The initial condition equation being a deeply-modulated cosine-wave mimics the radiation of the two initial CW lasers. The numerical studies are performed with the help of Matlab scripts that were specifically developed for the integration of the GNLS and the initial condition according to the proposed approach for the OFC generation. The scripts are based on the Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta in the Interaction Picture Method (RK4IP) in combination with the local error method.
This work includes the studies and results on the length optimisation of the first and the second fibre depending on different values of the group-velocity dispersion of the first fibre. Such length optimisation studies are necessary because the OFC have the biggest possible broadband and exhibit a low level of noise exactly at the optimum lengths. Further, the optical pulse build-up in the first and the second fibre was studied by means of the numerical technique called Soliton Radiation Beat Analysis (SRBA). It was shown that a common soliton crystal state is formed in the first fibre for low laser input powers. The soliton crystal continuously dissolves into separated optical solitons as the input power increases. The pulse formation in the second fibre is critically dependent on the features of the pulses formed in the first fibre. I showed that, for low input powers, an adiabatic soliton compression delivering low-noise OFC occurs in the second fibre. At high input powers, the pulses in the first fibre have more complicated structures which leads to the pulse break-up in the second fibre with a subsequent degradation of the OFC noise performance. The pulse intensity noise studies that were performed within the framework of this thesis allow making statements about the noise performance of an OFC. They showed that the intensity noise of the whole system decreases with the increasing value of LFS.
Breaking down complexity
(2015)
The unbounded expressive capacity of human language cannot boil down to an infinite list of sentences stored in a finite brain. Our linguistic knowledge is rather grounded around a rule-based universal syntactic computation—called Merge—which takes categorized units in input (e.g. this and ship), and generates structures by binding words recursively into more complex hierarchies of any length (e.g. this ship; this ship sinks…). Here we present data from different fMRI datasets probing the cortical implementation of this fundamental process. We first pushed complexity down to a three-word level, to explore how Merge creates minimally hierarchical phrases and sentences. We then moved to the most fundamental two-word level, to directly assess the universal invariant nature of Merge, when no additive mechanisms are involved. Our most general finding is that Merge as the basic syntactic operation is primarily performed by confined area, namely BA 44 in the IFG. Activity reduces to its most ventral-anterior portion at the most fundamental level, following fine-grained sub-anatomical parcellation proposed for the region. The deep frontal operculum/anterior-dorsal insula (FOP/adINS), a phylogenetically older and less specialized region, rather appears to support word-accumulation processing in which the categorical information of the word is first accessed based on its lexical status, and then maintained on hold before further processing takes place. The present data confirm the general notion of BA 44 being activated as a function of complex structural hierarchy, but they go beyond this view by proposing that structural sensitivity in BA 44 is already appreciated at the lowest levels of complexity during which minimal phrase-structures are build up, and syntactic Merge is assessed. Further, they call for a redefinition of BA 44 from multimodal area to a macro-region with internal localizable functional profiles
Poly(Ionic Liquid)s
(2015)
The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) has been intensively studied, in addition to its insertion into molybdoenzymes. In particular, a link between the assembly of molybdoenzymes and the biosynthesis of FeS clusters has been identified in the recent years: 1) the synthesis of the first intermediate in Moco biosynthesis requires an FeS-cluster containing protein, 2) the sulfurtransferase for the dithiolene group in Moco is also involved in the synthesis of FeS clusters, thiamin and thiolated tRNAs, 3) the addition of a sulfido-ligand to the molybdenum atom in the active site additionally involves a sulfurtransferase, and 4) most molybdoenzymes in bacteria require FeS clusters as redox active cofactors. In this review we will focus on the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor in bacteria, its modification and insertion into molybdoenzymes, with an emphasis to its link to FeS cluster biosynthesis and sulfur transfer. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
X-ray spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study the local charge distribution of chemical systems. Together with the liquid jet it becomes possible to probe chemical systems in their natural environment, the liquid phase. In this work, we present X-ray absorption (XA), X-ray emission (XE) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) data of pure water and various salt solutions and show the possibilities these methods offer to elucidate the nature of ion-water interaction.
An electrochemical assay for the indication of the activity of the cell bound differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is proposed using voltammetry on an in-vitro cell culture. The basis of the assay is cultivation of cells on gold microelectrodes in wells of a microplate, catalytic hydrolysis of p-aminophenyl phosphate by ALP and indication of p-aminophenol oxidation by square wave voltammetry (SWV) with the sensors onto which the cells attached. The morphology of the bone marrow stromal cell line (MBA-15) on the electrode surface was investigated and it exhibited in vitro osteogenic characteristics. Since ALP is expressed on the cell surface in early differentiation stage of osteoblastic cells, its activity was followed after different culture times over a period of 144 h by recording repetitive voltammograms at different time points upon addition of the substrate p-aminophenyl phosphate. The ALP activity was estimated from the signal increase related to formation rate of p-aminophenol and the number of cells. The highest value was measured at 120 h, when the cells reached confluence. The results of the electrochemical activity assay are consistent with the colorimetric acquired value from p-nitrophenol formation rate.
Hybrid architectures which combine a MIP with an immobilized affinity ligand or a biocatalyst sum up the advantages of both components. In this paper, hybrid architectures combining a layer of a molecularly imprinted electropolymer with a mini-enzyme or a self-assembled monolayer will be presented. (i) Microperoxidase-11 (MP-11) catalyzed oxidation of the drug aminopyrine on a product-imprinted sublayer: The peroxide dependent conversion of the analyte aminopyrine takes place in the MP-11 containing layer on top of a product-imprinted electropolymer on the indicator electrode. The hierarchical architecture resulted in the elimination of interfering signals for ascorbic acid and uric acid. An advantage of the new hierarchical structure is the separation of MIP formation by electropolymerization and immobilization of the catalyst. In this way it was for the first time possible to integrate an enzyme with a MIP layer in a sensor configuration. This combination has the potential to be transferred to other enzymes, e.g. P450, opening the way to clinically important analytes. (ii) Epitope-imprinted poly-scopoletin layer for binding of the C-terminal peptide and cytochrome c (Cyt c): The MIP binds both the target peptide and the parent protein almost eight times stronger than the non-imprinted polymer with affinities in the lower micromolar range. Exchange of only one amino acid in the peptide decreases the binding by a factor of five. (iii) MUA-poly-scopoletin MIP for cytochrome c: Cyt c bound to the MIP covered gold electrode exhibits direct electron transfer with a redox potential and rate constant typical for the native protein. The MIP cover layer suppresses the displacement of the target protein by BSA or myoglobin. The combination of protein imprinted polymers with an efficient electron transfer is a new concept for characterizing electroactive proteins such as Cyt c. The competition with other proteins shows that the MIP binds its target Cyt c preferentially and that molecular shape and the charge of protein determine the binding of interfering proteins.
The Tian Shan range is an inherited intracontinental structure reactivated by the far-field effects of the India-Asia collision. A growing body of thermochronology and magnetostratigraphy datasets shows that the range grew through several tectonic pulses since similar to 25 Ma, however the early Cenozoic history remains poorly constrained. The time-lag between the Eocene India-Asia collision and the Miocene onset of Tian Shan exhumation is particularly enigmatic. This peculiar period is potentially recorded along the southwestern Tian Shan piedmont. There, late Eocene marine deposits of the proto-Paratethys epicontinental sea transition to continental foreland basin sediments of unknown age were recently dated. We provide magnetostratigraphic dating of these continental sediments from the 1700-m-thick Mine section integrated with previously published detrital apatite fission track and U/Pb zircon ages. The most likely correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale indicates an age span from 20.8 to 13.3 Ma with a marked increase in accumulation rates at 19-18 Ma. This implies that the entire Oligocene period is missing between the last marine and first continental sediments, as suggested by previous southwestern Tian Shan results. This differs from the southwestern Tarim basin where Eocene marine deposits are continuously overlain by late Eocene-Oligocene continental sediments. This supports a simple evolution model of the western Tarim basin with Eocene-Oligocene foreland basin activation to the south related to northward thrusting of the Kunlun Shan, followed by early Miocene activation of northern foreland basin related to overthrusting of the south Tian Shan. Our data also support southward propagation of the Tian Shan piedmont from 20 to 18 Ma that may relate to motion on the Talas Fergana Fault. The coeval activation of a major right-lateral strike-slip system allowing indentation of the Pamir Salient into the Tarim basin, suggests far-field deformation from the India-Asia collision zone affected the Tian Shan and the Talas Fergana fault by early Miocene. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A multiblock copolymer termed as PCL-PIBMD, consisting of crystallizable poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) segments and crystallizable poly(3S-isobutyl-morpholine-2,5-dione) (PIBMD) segments, has been reported as a material showing a thermally-induced shape-memory effect. While PIBMD crystalline domains act as netpoints to determine the permanent shape, both PCL crystalline domains and PIBMD amorphous domains, which have similar transition temperatures (T-trans) can act as switching domains. In this work, the influence of the deformation temperature (T-deform = 50 or 20 degrees C), which was above or below T-trans, on the structural changes of PCL-PIBMD during uniaxial deformation and the shapememory properties were investigated. Furthermore, the relative contribution of crystalline PCL and PIBMD amorphous phases to the fixation of the temporary shape were distinguished by a toluene vapor treatment approach. The results indicated that at 50 degrees C, both PCL and PIBMD amorphous phases can be orientated during deformation, resulting in thermally-induced crystals of PCL domains and joint contribution to the switching domains. In contrast at 20 degrees C, the temporary shape was mainly fixed by PCL crystals generated via strain-induced crystallization.
The present study explored the perceptual span (i.e., the physical extent of an area from which useful visual information is extracted during a single fixation) during the reading of Chinese sentences in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, we tested whether the rightward span can go beyond 3 characters when visually similar masks were used. Results showed that Chinese readers needed at least 4 characters to the right of fixation to maintain a normal reading behavior when visually similar masks were used and when characters were displayed in small fonts, indicating that the span is dynamically influenced by masking materials. In Experiments 2 and 3, we asked whether the perceptual span varies as a function of font size in spaced (German) and unspaced (Chinese) scripts. Results clearly suggest perceptual span depends on font size in Chinese, but we failed to find such evidence for German. We propose that the perceptual span in Chinese is flexible; it is strongly constrained by its language-specific properties such as high information density and lack of word spacing. Implications for saccade-target selection during the reading of Chinese sentences are discussed.
Despite the well-known influence of emotional meaning on cognition, relatively less is known about its effects on reading behavior. We investigated whether fixation behavior during the reading of Chinese sentences is influenced by emotional word meaning in the parafovea. Two-character target words embedded into the same sentence frames provided emotionally positive, negative, or neutral contents. Fixation durations on neutral pretarget words were prolonged for positive parafoveal words and for highly frequent negative parafoveal words. In addition, fixation durations on foveal emotional words were shorter than those on neutral words. We also found that the role of emotional words varied as a function of their valence during foveal and parafoveal processing. These findings suggest a processing advantage for emotional words relative to emotionally neutral stimuli in foveal and parafoveal vision. We discuss implications for the notion of attention attraction due to emotional content.
In the present study, we manipulated different types of information available in the parafovea during the reading of Chinese sentences and examined how deaf readers make use of the parafoveal information. Results clearly indicate that although the reading-level matched hearing readers make greater use of orthographic information in the parafovea, parafoveal semantic information is obtained earlier among the deaf readers. In addition, a phonological preview benefit effect was found for the better deaf readers (relative to less-skilled deaf readers), although we also provide an alternative explanation for this effect. Providing evidence that Chinese deaf readers have higher efficiency when processing parafoveal semantics, the study indicates flexibility across individuals in the mechanisms underlying word recognition adapting to the inputs available in the linguistic environment.
This study investigates the effect of foveal load (i.e., processing difficulty of currently fixated words) on parafoveal information processing. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that high foveal load leads to reduced parafoveal processing efficiency, results of the present study showed that increasing foveal visual (but not linguistic) processing load actually increased the amount of parafoveal information acquired, presumably due to the fact that longer fixation duration on the pretarget word provided more time for parafoveal processing of the target word. It is therefore proposed in the present study that foveal linguistic processing load is not the only factor that determines parafoveal processing; preview time (afforded by foveal word visual processing load) may jointly influence parafoveal processing. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Here, we report on two photosensitive amorphous polymers showing opposite behavior upon exposure to illumination. The first polymer (PAZO) consists of linear backbone to which azobenzene-containing side chains are covalently attached, while in the second polymer (azo-PEI), the azobenzene side chains are attached ionically to a polyelectrolyte backbone. When irradiated through a mask, the PAZO goes away from the intensity maxima, leaving behind topography trenches, while the direction of the mass transport of the azo-PEI polymer points towards the intensity maxima. This kind of behavior has been reported only for certain liquid crystalline polymers that exhibit in-phase reaction on illumination, that is, topography maxima coincides with the intensity maxima. Furthermore, flat nanocrystals placed on top of azo-PEI film was found to be moved together with the mass transport of the underlying polymer film as visualized using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. It was also demonstrated that the two polymer films respond differently on irradiation with the polarization and intensity interference patterns (IPs). To record the kinetic of the surface relief grating formation within two polymers during irradiation with different IPs, we utilized a homemade setup combining the optical part for the generation of IP and AFM. A possible mechanism explaining different responses on the irradiation of amorphous polymers is discussed in the frame of a theoretical model proposed by Saphiannikova et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 5032-5045 (2009)).
Here, a new method for enhancing the photoelectrochemical properties of carbon nitride thin films by in situ supramolecular-driven preorganization of phenyl-contained monomers in molten sulfur is reported. A detailed analysis of the chemical and photophysical properties suggests that the molten sulfur can texture the growth and induce more effective integration of phenyl groups into the carbon nitride electrodes, resulting in extended light absorption alongside with improved conductivity and better charge transfer. Furthermore, photophysical measurements indicate the formation of sub-bands in the optical bandgap which is beneficial for exciton splitting. Moreover, the new bands can mediate hole transfer to the electrolyte, thus improving the photooxidation activity. The utilization of high temperature solvent as the polymerization medium opens new opportunities for the significant improvement of carbon nitride films toward an efficient photoactive material for various applications.
We show that coadsorbed oxygen atoms have a dramatic influence on the CO desorption dynamics from Ru(0001). In contrast to the precursor-mediated desorption mechanism on Ru(0001), the presence of surface oxygen modifies the electronic structure of Ru atoms such that CO desorption occurs predominantly via the direct pathway. This phenomenon is directly observed in an ultrafast pump-probe experiment using a soft x-ray free-electron laser to monitor the dynamic evolution of the valence electronic structure of the surface species. This is supported with the potential of mean force along the CO desorption path obtained from density-functional theory calculations. Charge density distribution and frozen-orbital analysis suggest that the oxygen-induced reduction of the Pauli repulsion, and consequent increase of the dative interaction between the CO 5 sigma and the charged Ru atom, is the electronic origin of the distinct desorption dynamics. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of CO desorption from Ru(0001) and oxygen-coadsorbed Ru(0001) provide further insights into the surface bond-breaking process.
Reply to Peng et al.: Archaeological contexts should not be ignored for early chicken domestication
(2015)
This work elucidates the impact of charge transport on the photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells. Here we show that the analysis of current-voltage curves of organic solar cells under illumination with the Shockley equation results in values for ideality factor, photo-current and parallel resistance, which lack physical meaning. Drift-diffusion simulations for a wide range of charge-carrier mobilities and illumination intensities reveal significant carrier accumulation caused by poor transport properties, which is not included in the Shockley equation. As a consequence, the separation of the quasi Fermi levels in the organic photoactive layer (internal voltage) differs substantially from the external voltage for almost all conditions. We present a new analytical model, which considers carrier transport explicitly. The model shows excellent agreement with full drift-diffusion simulations over a wide range of mobilities and illumination intensities, making it suitable for realistic efficiency predictions for organic solar cells.
An increasing demand on functionality and flexibility leads to an integration of beforehand isolated system solutions building a so-called System of Systems (SoS). Furthermore, the overall SoS should be adaptive to react on changing requirements and environmental conditions. Due SoS are composed of different independent systems that may join or leave the overall SoS at arbitrary point in times, the SoS structure varies during the systems lifetime and the overall SoS behavior emerges from the capabilities of the contained subsystems. In such complex system ensembles new demands of understanding the interaction among subsystems, the coupling of shared system knowledge and the influence of local adaptation strategies to the overall resulting system behavior arise. In this report, we formulate research questions with the focus of modeling interactions between system parts inside a SoS. Furthermore, we define our notion of important system types and terms by retrieving the current state of the art from literature. Having a common understanding of SoS, we discuss a set of typical SoS characteristics and derive general requirements for a collaboration modeling language. Additionally, we retrieve a broad spectrum of real scenarios and frameworks from literature and discuss how these scenarios cope with different characteristics of SoS. Finally, we discuss the state of the art for existing modeling languages that cope with collaborations for different system types such as SoS.
In recent years, core/shell nanohybrids containing a nanoparticle core and a distinct surrounding shell of polymer brushes have received extensive attention in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, catalysis, nanopatterning, drug delivery, biosensing, and many others. From the large variety of existing polymerization methods on the one hand and strategies for grafting onto nanoparticle surfaces on the other hand, the combination of grafting-from with controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques has turned out to be the best suited for synthesizing these well-defined core/shell nanohybrids and is known as surface-initiated CRP. Most common among these are surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and surface-initiated nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP). This review highlights the state of the art of growing polymers from nanoparticles using surface-initiated CRP techniques. We focus on mechanistic aspects, synthetic procedures, and the formation of complex architectures as well as novel properties. From the vast number of examples of nanoparticle/polymer hybrids formed by surface-initiated CRP techniques, we present nanohybrid formation from the particularly important and most studied silica nanoparticles, gold nanocrystals, and proteins which can be regarded as bionanoparticles.
The Implicit Association Test (IAT) aims to measure participants' automatic evaluation of an attitude object and is useful especially for the measurement of attitudes related to socially sensitive subjects, e.g. doping in sports. Several studies indicate that IAT scores can be faked on instruction. But fully or semi-instructed research scenarios might not properly reflect what happens in more realistic situations, when participants secretly decide to try faking the test. The present study is the first to investigate IAT faking when there is only an implicit incentive to do so. Sixty-five athletes (22.83 years +/- 2.45; 25 women) were randomly assigned to an incentive-to-fake condition or a control condition. Participants in the incentive-to-fake condition were manipulated to believe that athletes with lenient doping attitudes would be referred to a tedious 45-minute anti-doping program. Attitudes were measured with the pictorial doping brief IAT (BIAT) and with the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). A one-way MANOVA revealed significant differences between conditions after the manipulation in PEAS scores, but not in the doping BIAT. In the light of our hypothesis this suggests that participants successfully faked an exceedingly negative attitude to doping when completing the PEAS, but were unsuccessful in doing so on the reaction time-based test. This study assessed BIAT faking in a setting that aimed to resemble a situation in which participants want to hide their attempts to cheat. The two measures of attitude were differentially affected by the implicit incentive. Our findings provide evidence that the pictorial doping BIAT is relatively robust against spontaneous and naive faking attempts. (B) IATs might be less prone to faking than implied by previous studies.
The effect of implicitly incentivized faking on explicit and implicit measures of doping attitude
(2015)
The Implicit Association Test (IAT) aims to measure participants' automatic evaluation of an attitude object and is useful especially for the measurement of attitudes related to socially sensitive subjects, e.g. doping in sports. Several studies indicate that IAT scores can be faked on instruction. But fully or semi-instructed research scenarios might not properly reflect what happens in more realistic situations, when participants secretly decide to try faking the test. The present study is the first to investigate IAT faking when there is only an implicit incentive to do so. Sixty-five athletes (22.83 years +/- 2.45; 25 women) were randomly assigned to an incentive-to-fake condition or a control condition. Participants in the incentive-to-fake condition were manipulated to believe that athletes with lenient doping attitudes would be referred to a tedious 45-minute anti-doping program. Attitudes were measured with the pictorial doping brief IAT (BIAT) and with the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). A one-way MANOVA revealed significant differences between conditions after the manipulation in PEAS scores, but not in the doping BIAT. In the light of our hypothesis this suggests that participants successfully faked an exceedingly negative attitude to doping when completing the PEAS, but were unsuccessful in doing so on the reaction time-based test. This study assessed BIAT faking in a setting that aimed to resemble a situation in which participants want to hide their attempts to cheat. The two measures of attitude were differentially affected by the implicit incentive. Our findings provide evidence that the pictorial doping BIAT is relatively robust against spontaneous and naive faking attempts. (B) IATs might be less prone to faking than implied by previous studies.
Die vorliegende Arbeit thematisiert die Finanzierungsmodelle von Public-Private-Partnership-Projekten (PPP) und deren Refinanzierung durch die Kapitalgeber.
Dabei wurden zwei zentrale Fragestellungen thematisiert. Erstens: Führen PPPProjekte zu einer Verschuldung der öffentlichen Hand und sind sie entsprechend bei den Berechnungen der Konvergenzkriterien bzw. der Schulden- und Neuverschuldungsquoten zu berücksichtigen? Die zu prüfende Arbeitshypothese geht von einer Verschuldung der öffentlichen Hand in Folge von PPP-Projekten aus. Zweitens: Unterstellt wird eine bedeutsame Funktion von PPP für die Infrastrukturfinanzierung, wobei im Sinne einer Effizienzsteigerung die Passgenauigkeit beziehungsweise Konsistenz der haushaltsrechtlichen Regelungen mit den regulatorischen Vorgaben für die Kapitalgeber von PPP-Projekten analysiert wird. Diese Schnittstelle und die zur Generierung günstiger („kommunalähnlicher") Finanzierungskonditionen notwendigen staatlichen Garantien bei PPP drängt geradezu zu einem ordnungspolitischen Vergleich von Ansätzen bzw. Projekten im Bereich PPP und in Cash-Flow-Kalkülen.
Die Arbeit führt mit einem gewissen gesamtwirtschaftlichen Fokus der PPP tief in die Analyse des Kapitalmarktes und der Bankenregulierung. Es erfolgt ein Vergleich der gedeckten Refinanzierungsinstrumente für PPP, die durch Forderungen besichert sind (Asset Backed Securities) und solche, die beispielsweise durch Forderungen gegen die öffentliche Hand besichert sind (Covered Bonds). Letztere können auch grundpfandrechtlich gesichert sein. Hier setzt der Verfasser später seine Skizze eines „Infrastructure Covered Bonds" für die Finanzierung notwendiger Infrastrukturmaßnahmen nicht nur in Deutschland an, wobei das Wertpapier hier ausschließlich zur Finanzierung der Infrastruktur bei einem entsprechend neu zuschaffenden (Deckungs-) Registers begeben werden wird.
We compute spectral libraries for populations of coeval stars using state-of-the-art massive-star evolutionary tracks that account for different astrophysics including rotation and close-binarity. Our synthetic spectra account for stellar and nebular contributions. We use our models to obtain E(B – V ), age, and mass for six clusters in spiral galaxy NGC 1566, which have ages of < 50 Myr and masses of > 5 x 104M⊙ according to standard models. NGC 1566 was observed from the NUV to the I-band as part of the imaging Treasury HST program LEGUS: Legacy Extragalactic UV Survey. We aim to establish i) if the models provide reasonable fits to the data, ii) how well the models and photometry are able to constrain the cluster properties, and iii) how different the properties obtained with different models are.
Continuing advances in 'omics methodologies and instrumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the dynamic nature of their growing environment. 'Omics platforms have been only recently extended to cover horticultural crop species. Many of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops belong to the genus Brassica: these include plants grown for their root (turnip, rutabaga/swede), their swollen stem base (kohlrabi), their leaves (cabbage, kale, pak choi) and their inflorescence (cauliflower, broccoli). Characterization at the genome, transcript, protein and metabolite levels has illustrated the complexity of the cellular response to a whole series of environmental stresses, including nutrient deficiency, pathogen attack, heavy metal toxicity, cold acclimation, and excessive and sub optimal irradiation. This review covers recent applications of omics technologies to the brassicaceous vegetables, and discusses future scenarios in achieving improvements in crop end-use quality.
Continuing advances in 'omics methodologies and instrumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the dynamic nature of their growing environment. 'Omics platforms have been only recently extended to cover horticultural crop species. Many of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops belong to the genus Brassica: these include plants grown for their root (turnip, rutabaga/swede), their swollen stem base (kohlrabi), their leaves (cabbage, kale, pak choi) and their inflorescence (cauliflower, broccoli). Characterization at the genome, transcript, protein and metabolite levels has illustrated the complexity of the cellular response to a whole series of environmental stresses, including nutrient deficiency, pathogen attack, heavy metal toxicity, cold acclimation, and excessive and sub optimal irradiation. This review covers recent applications of omics technologies to the brassicaceous vegetables, and discusses future scenarios in achieving improvements in crop end-use quality.
Diarylethene derivatives are photochromic molecular switches, undergoing a ring-opening/-closing reaction by illumination with light. The symmetry of the closed form is determined by the WoodWard Hoffinann rules according to which the reaction proceeds by corirotatory rotation -in that case. Here, we show by a cOrnbined approach of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations that the Open isomer of 4,4'-(4,4'-(perfluorocydopent-1-ene-1,2-diyl)bis(5-methyl-thiophent-4,2,4-dipyridine) (PDTE) retains its open form upon adsorption on a Ag(111) surface. It caribe switched into a closed form, which we identify as the digrotatOly cydization product, by controlled manipulation 'With the STM tip, Evidence of an electric-field dependent switching-process 'is interpreted on the basis of a Simple electroStatic Model, which suggests that the reaction proceedS via an "upright" intermediate state. This pathway thus strongly differs from the switching reaction in solution.
Back pain is a complex phenomenon that goes beyond a simple medical diagnosis. The aetiology and chronification of back pain can be best described as an interaction between biological, psychological, and social processes. However, to date, multimodal prevention and intervention programs for back pain that target all three aetiological factors have demonstrated limited effectiveness. This lack of supportive evidence for multimodal programmes in the treatment of back pain could be due to the fact that few programs are suitable for long-term and unsupervised use in everyday life. Moreover, in combining the elements from various therapies, little attention has been paid to the mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of the separate components. In this contribution, we will describe the development of a new multimodal intervention for back pain that set out to address these limitations. To this end, the biological elements of neuromuscular adaptation is supplemented with cognitive behavioral and psychophysiological techniques in an intervention that can be followed at home as well as in clinics, and that is suitable for all grades of pain. The efficacy of this intervention will be tested in a multicentric randomized controlled longitudinal trial (n = 714) at five time points over a period of 6 months. Here we will describe the development and the content of this new intervention.
A large number of experimental findings from neuroscience and experimental psychology demonstrated interactions between spatial cognition and numerical cognition. In particular, many researchers posited a horizontal mental number line, where small numbers are thought of as being to the left of larger numbers. This review synthesizes work on the mental association between space and number, indicating the existence of multiple spatial mappings: recent research has found associations between number and vertical space, as well as associations between number and near/far space. We discuss number space in three dimensions with an eye on potential origins of the different number mappings, and how these number mappings fit in with our current knowledge of brain organization and brain-culture interactions. We derive novel predictions and show how this research fits into a general view of cognition as embodied, grounded and situated. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Small- and large-scale characterization and mixing properties in a thermally driven thin liquid film
(2015)
We study aqueous, freestanding, thin films stabilized by a surfactant with respect to mixing and dynamical systems properties. With this special setup, a two-dimensional fluid can be realized experimentally. The physics of the system involves a complex interplay of thermal convection and interface and gravitational forces. Methodologically, we characterize the system using two classical dynamical systems properties: Lyapunov exponents and entropies. Our experimental setup produces convection with two stable eddies by applying a temperature gradient in one spot that yields weakly turbulent mixing. From dynamical systems theory, one expects a relation of entropies, Lyapunov exponents, a prediction with little experimental support. We can confirm the corresponding statements experimentally, on different scales using different methods. On the small scale the motion and deformation of fluid filaments of equal size (color imaging velocimetry) are used to compute Lyapunov exponents. On the large scale, entropy is computed by tracking the left-right motion of the center fluid jet at the separatrix between the two convection rolls. We thus combine here dynamical systems methods with a concrete application of mixing in a nanoscale freestanding thin film.
Bioturbation contributes to soil formation and ecosystem functioning. With respect to the active transport of matter by voles, bioturbation may be considered as a very dynamic process among those shaping soil formation and biogeochemistry. The present study aimed at characterizing and quantifying the effects of bioturbation by voles on soil water relations and carbon and nitrogen stocks. Bioturbation effects were examined based on a field set up in a luvic arenosol comprising of eight 50 x 50 m enclosures with greatly different numbers of common vole (Microtus arvalis L., ca. 35-150 individuals ha(-1) mth(-1)). Eleven key soil variables were analyzed: bulk density, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity, water holding capacity, contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N), CO2 emission potential, C/N ratio, the stable isotopic signatures of C-13 and N-15, and pH. The highest vole densities were hypothesized to cause significant changes in some variables within 21 months. Results showed that land history had still a major influence, as eight key variables displayed an additional or sole influence of topography. However, the delta N-15 at depths of 10-20 and 20-30 cm decreased and increased with increasing vole numbers, respectively. Also the CO2 emission potential from soil collected at a depth of 15-30 cm decreased and the C/N ratio at 5-10 cm depth narrowed with increasing vole numbers. These variables indicated the first influence of voles on the respective mineralization processes in some soil layers. Tendencies of vole activity homogenizing SOC and N contents across layers were not significant. The results of the other seven key variables did not confirm significant effects of voles. Thus overall, we found mainly a first response of variables that are indicative for changes in biogeochemical dynamics but not yet of those representing changes in pools.
Ar-40/Ar-39 in situ UV laser ablation of white mica, Rb-Sr mineral isochrons and zircon fission track dating were applied to determine ages of very low- to low-grade metamorphic processes at 3.5 +/- 0.4 kbar, 280 +/- 30 degrees C in the Avalonian Mira terrane of SE Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia). The Mira terrane comprises Neoproterozoic volcanic-arc rocks overlain by Cambrian sedimentary rocks. Crystallization of metamorphic white mica was dated in six metavolcanic samples by Ar-40/Ar-39 spot age peaks between 396 +/- 3 and 363 +/- 14 Ma. Rb-Sr systematics of minerals and mineral aggregates yielded two isochrons at 389 +/- 7 Ma and 365 +/- 8 Ma, corroborating equilibrium conditions during very low- to low-grade metamorphism. The dated white mica is oriented parallel to foliations produced by sinistral strike-slip faulting and/or folding related to the Middle-Late Devonian transpressive assembly of Avalonian terranes during convergence and emplacement of the neighbouring Meguma terrane. Exhumation occurred earlier in the NW Mira terrane than in the SE. Transpression was related to the closure of the Rheic Ocean between Gondwana and Laurussia by NW-directed convergence. The Ar-40/Ar-39 spot age spectra also display relict age peaks at 477-465 Ma, 439 Ma and 420-428 Ma attributed to deformation and fluid access, possibly related to the collision of Avalonia with composite Laurentia or to earlier Ordovician-Silurian rifting. Fission track ages of zircon from Mira terrane samples range between 242 +/- 18 and 225 +/- 21 Ma and reflect late Palaeozoic reburial and reheating close to previous peak metamorphic temperatures under fluid-absent conditions during rifting prior to opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean.
40Ar/39Ar in situ UV laser ablation of white mica, Rb–Sr mineral isochrons and zircon fission track dating were applied to determine ages of very low- to low-grade metamorphic processes at 3.5±0.4 kbar, 280±30°C in the Avalonian Mira terrane of SE Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia). The Mira terrane comprises Neoproterozoic volcanic-arc rocks overlain by Cambrian sedimentary rocks. Crystallization of metamorphic white mica was dated in six metavolcanic samples by 40Ar/39Ar spot age peaks between 396±3 and 363±14 Ma. Rb–Sr systematics of minerals and mineral aggregates yielded two isochrons at 389±7 Ma and 365±8 Ma, corroborating equilibrium conditions during very low- to low-grade metamorphism. The dated white mica is oriented parallel to foliations produced by sinistral strike-slip faulting and/or folding related to the Middle–Late Devonian transpressive assembly of Avalonian terranes during convergence and emplacement of the neighbouring Meguma terrane. Exhumation occurred earlier in the NW Mira terrane than in the SE. Transpression was related to the closure of the Rheic Ocean between Gondwana and Laurussia by NW-directed convergence. The 40Ar/39Ar spot age spectra also display relict age peaks at 477–465 Ma, 439 Ma and 420–428 Ma attributed to deformation and fluid access, possibly related to the collision of Avalonia with composite Laurentia or to earlier Ordovician–Silurian rifting. Fission track ages of zircon from Mira terrane samples range between 242±18 and 225±21 Ma and reflect late Palaeozoic reburial and reheating close to previous peak metamorphic temperatures under fluid-absent conditions during rifting prior to opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean.
Observations of the WC9+OB system WR65 in the infrared show variations of its dust emission consistent with a period near 4.8 yr, suggesting formation in a colliding-wind binary (CWB) having an elliptical orbit. If we adopt the IR maximum as zero phase, the times of X-ray maximum count and minimum extinction to the hard component measured by Oskinova & Hamann fall at phases 0.4–0.5, when the separation of the WC9 and OB stars is greatest. We consider WR65 in the context of other WC8–9+OB stars showing dust emission.
The study reported here evaluates the degree to which metals, salt anions and organic compounds are released from shales by exposure to water, either in its pure form or mixed with additives commonly employed during shale gas exploitation. The experimental conditions used here were not intended to simulate the exploitation process itself, but nevertheless provided important insights into the effects additives have on solute partition behaviour under oxic to sub-oxic redox conditions.
In order to investigate the mobility of major (e.g. Ca, Fe) and trace (e.g. As, Cd, Co, Mo, Pb, U) elements and selected organic compounds, we performed leaching tests with black shale samples from Bornholm, Denmark and Lower Saxony, Germany. Short-term experiments (24 h) were carried out at ambient pressure and temperatures of 100 degrees C using five different lab-made stimulation fluids. Two long-term experiments under elevated pressure and temperature conditions at 100 degrees C/100 bar were performed lasting 6 and 2 months, respectively, using a stimulation fluid containing commercially-available biocide, surfactant, friction reducer and clay stabilizer.
Our results show that the amount of dissolved constituents at the end of the experiment is independent of the pH of the stimulation fluid but highly dependent on the composition of the black shale and the buffering capacity of specific components, namely pyrite and carbonates. Shales containing carbonates buffer the solution at pH 7-8. Sulphide minerals (e.g. pyrite) become oxidized and generate sulphuric acid leading to a pH of 2-3. This low pH is responsible for the overall much larger amount of cations dissolved from shales containing pyrite but little to no carbonate. The amount of elements released into the fluid is also dependent on the residence time, since as much as half of the measured 23 elements show highest concentrations within four days. Afterwards, the concentration of most of the elemental species decreased pointing to secondary precipitations. Generally, in our experiments less than 15% of each analysed element contained in the black shale was mobilised into the fluid. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP), coesite-bearing edogites in the Himalaya have been documented from the Kaghan Valley in Pakistan and the Tso Morani area in northwest India. These complexes are part of the northern edge of the Indian plate that has been subducted to, and metamorphosed at, mantle depths of more than 100 km before being exhumed. Both UHP complexes are located today directly adjacent to the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone and are not separated by non-metamorphosed sequences of Tethyan sediments from the Asian margin. Herein, we present new data for one fresh coesite-bearing eclogite from the Tso Moran massif. Therein, garnets are zoned reflecting their growth during prograde and peak metamorphism and showing a thin retrograde overgrowth. Inclusions can be directly correlated to the compositional zoning and are seen as either relicts of the protolith mineral paragenesis and as "snap shots" of the mineral paragenesis during subduction and under peak conditions. Rare earth element concentrations (REE) were obtained for garnet, mineral inclusions in garnet and matrix minerals. The REE pattern in garnet reflects a sequential change in matrix minerals and their proportions due to net transfer reactions during subduction and peak metamorphism. Using conventional geothermobarometry, a peak pressure of ca. 44-48 kbar at 560-760 degrees C followed by an S-shaped exhumation curve has been deduced. Gibbs free energy minimization modelling was used to supplement our analytical findings. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Evaluation komplexer Systeme
(2015)
Seit von Foerster können wir soziale Systeme als Black Boxes betrachten, zu deren Funktionsweise keine klaren Wenn-Dann-Aussagen möglich erscheinen und deren Operationsweise sich für den Beobachter immer nur sequenziell und sprunghaft – und folglich nie ganzheitlich – darstellt. Jedes Bemühen, ein soziales System tiefgründig verstehen und abbilden zu wollen, kann somit schnell ein Gefühl von Orientierungslosigkeit und Überforderung auslösen – ähnlich, wie während einer Achterbahnfahrt. Für die Evaluationsdebatte resultiert aus dieser Sichtweise die Kernfrage, wie nun also im Rahmen von Evaluationen mit sozialer Komplexität umgegangen werden kann.
An diese Frage anknüpfend stellt der vorliegende Band das Feld der systemischen Therapie- und Beratungsansätze als inspirierenden Fundus vor, aus welchem sich Konzepte, Methoden und Techniken zur Gestaltung von Evaluationsvorhaben ableiten lassen. Aber welche Möglichkeiten und Grenzen offenbaren sich dabei? Lässt sich sozialer Komplexität mit Hilfe dieser Ansätze besser begegnen? Welche Rahmenbedingungen sollten dabei erfüllt sein und wie lassen sich systemische von nicht-systemischen Ansätzen unterscheiden?
Land-use concepts provide decision support for the most efficient usage options according to sustainable development and multifunctionality requirements. However, developments in landscape-related, agricultural production schemes are primarily driven by economic benefits. Therefore, most agricultural land-use concepts tackle particular problems or interests and lack a systemic perspective. As a result, we discuss a conceptual model for future site-specific agricultural land-use with an inbuilt requirement for adequate experimental sites to enable monitoring systems for a new generation of ecosystem models and for new approaches to address science-stakeholder interactions.
Pak Choi Fed to Mice: Formation of DNA Adducts and Influence on Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes
(2015)
Carbon storage capacity of semi-arid grassland soils and sequestration potentials in northern China
(2015)
Organic carbon (OC) sequestration in degraded semi-arid environments by improved soil management is assumed to contribute substantially to climate change mitigation. However, information about the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential in steppe soils and their current saturation status remains unknown. In this study, we estimated the OC storage capacity of semi-arid grassland soils on the basis of remote, natural steppe fragments in northern China. Based on the maximum OC saturation of silt and clay particles <20m, OC sequestration potentials of degraded steppe soils (grazing land, arable land, eroded areas) were estimated. The analysis of natural grassland soils revealed a strong linear regression between the proportion of the fine fraction and its OC content, confirming the importance of silt and clay particles for OC stabilization in steppe soils. This relationship was similar to derived regressions in temperate and tropical soils but on a lower level, probably due to a lower C input and different clay mineralogy. In relation to the estimated OC storage capacity, degraded steppe soils showed a high OC saturation of 78-85% despite massive SOC losses due to unsustainable land use. As a result, the potential of degraded grassland soils to sequester additional OC was generally low. This can be related to a relatively high contribution of labile SOC, which is preferentially lost in the course of soil degradation. Moreover, wind erosion leads to substantial loss of silt and clay particles and consequently results in a direct loss of the ability to stabilize additional OC. Our findings indicate that the SOC loss in semi-arid environments induced by intensive land use is largely irreversible. Observed SOC increases after improved land management mainly result in an accumulation of labile SOC prone to land use/climate changes and therefore cannot be regarded as contribution to long-term OC sequestration.
Scope: Flavan-3-ols are abundant polyphenols in human nutrition and are associated with beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the metabolic fate of (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B1, and polymeric procyanidins in a randomized cross-over study in humans.
Methods and results: Parent compounds, conjugates, and microbial metabolites were determined in plasma, urine, and faeces by HPLC-MS and GC-MS/MS. Glucuronidated, sulfated, and methylated (-)-epicatechin and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone were the dominant metabolites in blood and urine. In addition, minor amounts of procyanidin B1 and 4-hydroxy-5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl) valeric acid and their conjugated metabolites were detected. The formation of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone and 4-hydroxy-5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl) valeric acid varied largely between individuals as well as with the degree of polymerization of flavan-3-ols. Monomer units were not detectable in plasma or urine after procyanidin B1 and polymeric procyanidin intake. No correlation was found between the intake of flavan-3-ols and the occurrence of phenolic acids in blood and urine or the phenolic compound profiles in faeces.
Conclusion: In addition to conjugated metabolites derived from the absorption of monomeric flavan-3-ols, 5-(3',4' -dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone represents an important in vivo metabolite of (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B1 produced by the gut microbiota.
This article investigates a public debate in Germany that put a special spotlight on the interaction of standard language ideologies with social dichotomies, centering on the question of whether Kiezdeutsch, a new way of speaking in multilingual urban neighbourhoods, is a legitimate German dialect. Based on a corpus of emails and postings to media websites, I analyse central topoi in this debate and an underlying narrative on language and identity. Central elements of this narrative are claims of cultural elevation and cultural unity for an idealised standard language High German', a view of German dialects as part of a national folk culture, and the construction of an exclusive in-group of German' speakers who own this language and its dialects. The narrative provides a potent conceptual frame for the Othering of Kiezdeutsch and its speakers, and for the projection of social and sometimes racist deliminations onto the linguistic plane.
This article investigates a public debate in Germany that put a special spotlight on the interaction of standard language ideologies with social dichotomies, centering on the question of whether Kiezdeutsch, a new way of speaking in multilingual urban neighbourhoods, is a legitimate German dialect. Based on a corpus of emails and postings to media websites, I analyse central topoi in this debate and an underlying narrative on language and identity. Central elements of this narrative are claims of cultural elevation and cultural unity for an idealised standard language High German', a view of German dialects as part of a national folk culture, and the construction of an exclusive in-group of German' speakers who own this language and its dialects. The narrative provides a potent conceptual frame for the Othering of Kiezdeutsch and its speakers, and for the projection of social and sometimes racist deliminations onto the linguistic plane.
The origin of cosmic rays was the subject of several studies for over a century. The investigations done within this dissertation are one small step to shed some more light on this mystery.
Locating the sources of cosmic rays is not trivial due to the interstellar magnetic field. However, the Hillas criterion allows us to arrive at the conclusion that supernova remnants are our main suspect for the origin of galactic cosmic rays. The mechanism by which they are accelerating particles is found within the field of shock physics as diffusive shock acceleration. To allow particles to enter this process also known as Fermi acceleration pre-acceleration processes like shock surfing acceleration and shock drift acceleration are necessary. Investigating the processes happening in the plasma shocks of supernova remnants is possible by utilising a simplified model which can be simulated on a computer using Particle-in-Cell simulations.
We developed a new and clean setup to simulate the formation of a double shock, i.e., consisting of a forward and a reverse shock and a contact discontinuity, by the collision of two counter-streaming plasmas, in which a magnetic field can be woven into. In a previous work, we investigated the processes at unmagnetised and at magnetised parallel shocks, whereas in the current work, we move our investigation on to magnetised perpendicular shocks.
Due to a much stronger confinement of the particles to the collision region the perpendicular shock develops much faster than the parallel shock. On the other hand, this leads to much weaker turbulence. We are able to find indications for shock surfing acceleration and shock drift acceleration happening at the two shocks leading to populations of pre-accelerated particles that are suitable as a seed population to be injected into further diffusive shock acceleration to be accelerated to even higher energies. We observe the development of filamentary structures in the shock ramp of the forward shock, but not at the reverse shock. This leads to the conclusion that the development of such structures in the shock ramp of quasi-perpendicular collisionless shocks might not necessarily be determined by the existence of a critical sonic Mach number but by a critical shock speed.
The results of the investigations done within this dissertation might be useful for further studies of oblique shocks and for studies using hybrid or magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Together with more sophisticated observational methods, these studies will help to bring us closer to an answer as to how particles can be accelerated in supernova remnants and eventually become cosmic rays that can be detected on Earth.
Objective: Alexithymia relates to difficulties recognizing and describing emotions. It has been linked to subjectively increased interoceptive awareness (IA) and to psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and somatization. MDD in turn is characterized by aberrant emotion processing and IA on the subjective as well as on the neural level. However, a link between neural activity in response to IA and alexithymic traits in health and depression remains unclear.
Methods: A well-established fMRI task was used to investigate neural activity during IA (heartbeat counting) and exteroceptive awareness (tone counting) in non-psychiatric controls (NC) and MDD. Firstly, comparing MDD and NC, a linear relationship between IA-related activity and scores of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was investigated through whole-brain regression. Secondly, NC were divided by median-split of TAS scores into groups showing low (NC-low) or high (NC-high) alexithymia. MDD and NC-high showed equally high TAS scores. Subsequently, IA-related neural activity was compared on a whole-brain level between the three independent samples (MDD, NC-low, NC-high).
Results: Whole-brain regressions between MDD and NC revealed neural differences during IA as a function of TAS-DD (subscale difficulty describing feelings) in the supragenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC; BA 24/32), which were due to negative associations between TAS-DD and IA-related activity in NC. Contrasting NC subgroups after median-split on a whole-brain level, high TAS scores were associated with decreased neural activity during IA in the sACC and increased insula activity. Though having equally high alexithymia scores, NC-high showed increased insula activity during IA compared to MDD, whilst both groups showed decreased activity in the sACC.
Conclusions: Within the context of decreased sACC activity during IA in alexithymia (NC-high and MDD), increased insula activity might mirror a compensatory mechanism in NC-high, which is disrupted in MDD.
Objective: Alexithymia relates to difficulties recognizing and describing emotions. It has been linked to subjectively increased interoceptive awareness (IA) and to psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and somatization. MDD in turn is characterized by aberrant emotion processing and IA on the subjective as well as on the neural level. However, a link between neural activity in response to IA and alexithymic traits in health and depression remains unclear.
Methods: A well-established fMRI task was used to investigate neural activity during IA (heartbeat counting) and exteroceptive awareness (tone counting) in non-psychiatric controls (NC) and MDD. Firstly, comparing MDD and NC, a linear relationship between IA-related activity and scores of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was investigated through whole-brain regression. Secondly, NC were divided by median-split of TAS scores into groups showing low (NC-low) or high (NC-high) alexithymia. MDD and NC-high showed equally high TAS scores. Subsequently, IA-related neural activity was compared on a whole-brain level between the three independent samples (MDD, NC-low, NC-high).
Results: Whole-brain regressions between MDD and NC revealed neural differences during IA as a function of TAS-DD (subscale difficulty describing feelings) in the supragenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC; BA 24/32), which were due to negative associations between TAS-DD and IA-related activity in NC. Contrasting NC subgroups after median-split on a whole-brain level, high TAS scores were associated with decreased neural activity during IA in the sACC and increased insula activity. Though having equally high alexithymia scores, NC-high showed increased insula activity during IA compared to MDD, whilst both groups showed decreased activity in the sACC.
Conclusions: Within the context of decreased sACC activity during IA in alexithymia (NC-high and MDD), increased insula activity might mirror a compensatory mechanism in NC-high, which is disrupted in MDD.
Objective: Alexithymia relates to difficulties recognizing and describing emotions. It has been linked to subjectively increased interoceptive awareness (IA) and to psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and somatization. MDD in turn is characterized by aberrant emotion processing and IA on the subjective as well as on the neural level. However, a link between neural activity in response to IA and alexithymic traits in health and depression remains unclear.
Methods: A well-established fMRI task was used to investigate neural activity during IA (heartbeat counting) and exteroceptive awareness (tone counting) in non-psychiatric controls (NC) and MDD. Firstly, comparing MDD and NC, a linear relationship between IA-related activity and scores of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was investigated through whole-brain regression. Secondly, NC were divided by median-split of TAS scores into groups showing low (NC-low) or high (NC-high) alexithymia. MDD and NC-high showed equally high TAS scores. Subsequently, IA-related neural activity was compared on a whole-brain level between the three independent samples (MDD, NC-low, NC-high).
Results: Whole-brain regressions between MDD and NC revealed neural differences during IA as a function of TAS-DD (subscale difficulty describing feelings) in the supragenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC; BA 24/32), which were due to negative associations between TAS-DD and IA-related activity in NC. Contrasting NC subgroups after median-split on a whole-brain level, high TAS scores were associated with decreased neural activity during IA in the sACC and increased insula activity. Though having equally high alexithymia scores, NC-high showed increased insula activity during IA compared to MDD, whilst both groups showed decreased activity in the sACC.
Conclusions: Within the context of decreased sACC activity during IA in alexithymia (NC-high and MDD), increased insula activity might mirror a compensatory mechanism in NC-high, which is disrupted in MDD.
Background: Interoceptive awareness (iA), the awareness of stimuli originating inside the body, plays an important role in human emotions and psychopathology. The insula is particularly involved in neural processes underlying iA. However, iA-related neural activity in the insula during the acute state of major depressive disorder (MDD) and in remission from depression has not been explored.
Methods: A well-established fMRI paradigm for studying (iA; heartbeat counting) and exteroceptive awareness (eA; tone counting) was used. Study participants formed three independent groups: patients suffering from MDD, patients in remission from MDD or healthy controls. Task-induced neural activity in three functional subdivisions of the insula was compared between these groups.
Results: Depressed participants showed neural hypo-responses during iA in anterior insula regions, as compared to both healthy and remitted participants. The right dorsal anterior insula showed the strongest response to iA across all participant groups. In depressed participants there was no differentiation between different stimuli types in this region (i.e., between iA, eA and noTask). Healthy and remitted participants in contrast showed clear activity differences.
Conclusions: This is the first study comparing iA and eA-related activity in the insula in depressed participants to that in healthy and remitted individuals. The preliminary results suggest that these groups differ in there being hypo-responses across insula regions in the depressed participants, whilst non-psychiatric participants and patients in remission from MDD show the same neural activity during iA in insula subregions implying a possible state marker for MDD. The lack of activity differences between different stimulus types in the depressed group may account for their symptoms of altered external and internal focus.
Background: Interoceptive awareness, the awareness of stimuli originating inside the body, plays an important role in human emotions and psychopathology. The insula is particularly involved in neural processes underlying iA. However, iA-related neural activity in the insula during the acute state of major depressive disorder (MDD) and in remission from depression has not been explored.
Methods: A well-established fMRI paradigm for studying interoceptive awareness (iA; heartbeat counting) and exteroceptive awareness (eA; tone counting) was used. Study participants formed three independent groups: patients suffering from MDD, patients in remission from MDD or healthy controls. Task-induced neural activity in three functional subdivisions of the insula was compared between these groups.
Results: Depressed participants showed neural hypo-responses during iA in anterior insula regions, as compared to both healthy and remitted participants. The right dorsal anterior insula showed the strongest response to iA across all participant groups. In depressed participants there was no differentiation between different stimuli types in this region (i.e., between iA, eA and noTask). Healthy and remitted participants in contrast showed clear activity differences.
Conclusions: This is the first study comparing iA and eA-related activity in the insula in depressed participants to that in healthy and remitted individuals. The preliminary results suggest that these groups differ in there being hypo-responses across insula regions in the depressed participants, whilst healthy participants and patients in remission from MDD show the same neural activity during iA in insula subregions implying a possible state marker for MDD. The lack of activity differences between different stimulus types in the depressed group may account for their symptoms of altered external and internal focus.