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Aktuelle Veränderungsprozesse in der russischen Sprache der Gegenwart (das Auftreten einer schier unübersehbaren Menge neuer Wörter, die aus anderen Sprachen ins Russische übernommen wurden, aber auch andere Formen wie z.B. die Neubildungen auf der Grundlage bereits vorhandenen russischen Wortschatzes, das Zurückfallen von bisher gebräuchlichen Wörtern in den nur noch passiven Gebrauch, die "Reanimierung" anderer Teile des Lexikbestandes, die bis vor kurzem als altmodisch und ungebräuchlich galten) werden unter didaktischen Aspekten betrachtet und demonstriert. Im Mittelpunkt stehen verschiedene Varianten des unterrichtlichen Umgangs mit solchen aktuellen sprachlichen Phänomenen - so das Ausgehen von literarischen Texten oder Empfehlungen für die Bereitstellung eines "lexikologischen Grundwissens".
Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrages stehen Veränderungen im russischen Wortschatz der Gegenwart unter fachdidaktischen Aspekten. Anhand ausgewählter Lexeme, Wortfamilien und Texte werden aktuelle Wortschatzentwicklungen exemplifiziert. Davon ausgehend werden Anregungen für den Umgang mit aktuellen sprachlichen Phänomenen im Russischunterricht an Gymnasien gegeben.
Erfahrungsbericht
(1996)
Introduction
(2021)
The author stems from the premise that modern anthroponymy effectively incorporates data from related fields of knowledge, primarily those of cultural and political history, thus getting enlarged through interdisciplinary research. An integrated approach allows one to deduce the extra-linguistic mechanisms which lay behind anthroponymic changes. In the same vein, the present paper focuses on the dynamics within the Russian anthroponymic paradigm caused by the changing vectors of political, ideological, cultural, and religious identity in the historical perspective of the New Time (1700-1920s). The study aims to establish the connection between specific trends in naming and the precedent names, events, and texts of political, cultural, and religious life. The mechanisms of anthroponymic shifts are illustrated by the cases of individual names becoming socially significant in a particular historical context. Using interdisciplinary methods of cultural anthropology, the study builds on textual sources, primarily name indexes to the collections of works by outstanding cultural figures and scholars, and biographical dictionaries. Some examples of pragmatic naming strategies in works of art (literature, opera, cinema) are also provided. Preliminary findings reveal some major trends in the Russian anthroponymic system of the New Age such as Europeization vs. Russification, modernization vs. archaization, as well as their synthesis. These tendencies remain key up to the present day and can be traced and characteristically defined within a set (or corpus) of names relating to the particular epoch, in terms of their frequency and the parameters of the sociolinguistic distribution. The diachronic perspective of the study also supports the sociolinguistic observation that the newly introduced names, which are currently in use, have a pronounced social resonance, which is getting neutralized as their frequency increases. Further development of the topic implies, among other things, statistical verification of preliminary findings.
Zum Dualparadigma des Substantivs im niedersorbischen Neuen Testament des Miklawus Jakubica (1548)
(1999)
The article critically discusses the use of literary dialogue for the linguistic analysis of interaction. The linguistic characteristics of literary dialogue itself as well as the specific communication situation in which literary dialogue is positioned as an interactionally designed text of an author created for an overhearing audience should be taken into consideration when approaching fictional dialogue as linguistic and interactional data. It is argued that these features of literary respectively fictional dialogue should influence and restrict the kind of questions and linguistic approaches to such data. When formulating a research question the artificial character of literary dialogue should be considered because speech and interaction in drama is the creation of an author. Speech and interaction styles in drama, for example, are primarily an important resource for authors to characterize their characters, what is illustrated by a sample analysis of some features within the communicative behaviour of three characters from Gabriela Zapolska's drama Moralnosc pani Dulskiej.
The Author as Researcher
(2019)
This article proposes a new perspective on avant-garde travel writing through the lens of scientific field work, investigating these new writing techniques in Boris Pil’niak’s expedition prose. In the 1920s, the researching writer represents a hidden, but influential counterpart to the widely propagated figure of the working writer. While the author as producer combines word and deed in an operative act, the author as researcher investigates the production of knowledge. This entails revising the centrality of facts. Literature as artistic research subverts factography by going beyond the horizons of veristic data registration to include uncharted realms and vague possibilities. This exploration leads to specific genres: the author as researcher tries his hand at a kind of laboratory text, a prolific genre at the intersection of testing equipment, recording media, and hypothetical thought. Not confined to a sterile lab, avant-garde writer-researchers, as members of research expeditions, oscillate between their home writing desks and the remote depths of the emerging USSR. At the same time, they explore writing practices situated between data acquisition, sampling, fact-finding, observation and recording.
Urbild und Abbild : Untersuchungen zu Herrschaft und Weltbild in Altrußland 11. - 16. Jahrhundert
(2001)
Efficiency is central to understanding the communicative and cognitive underpinnings of language. However, efficiency management is a complex mechanism in which different efficiency effects-such as articulatory, processing and planning ease, mental accessibility, and informativity, online and offline efficiency effects-conspire to yield the coding of linguistic signs. While we do not yet exactly understand the interactional mechanism of these different effects, we argue that universal attractors are an important component of any dynamic theory of efficiency that would be aimed at predicting efficiency effects across languages. Attractors are defined as universal states around which language evolution revolves. Methodologically, we approach efficiency from a cross-linguistic perspective on the basis of a world-wide sample of 383 languages from 53 families, balancing all six macro-areas (Eurasia, North and South America, Australia, Africa, and Oceania). We explore the grammatical domain of verbal person-number subject indexes. We claim that there is an attractor state in this domain to which languages tend to develop and tend not to leave if they happen to comply with the attractor in their earlier stages of evolution. The attractor is characterized by different lengths for each person and number combination, structured along Zipf's predictions. Moreover, the attractor strongly prefers non-compositional, cumulative coding of person and number. On the basis of these and other properties of the attractor, we conclude that there are two domains in which efficiency pressures are most powerful: strive towards less processing and articulatory effort. The latter, however, is overridden by constant information flow. Strive towards lower lexicon complexity and memory costs are weaker efficiency pressures for this grammatical category due to its order of frequency.
Blick nach Osten : Wohl oder Wehe? ; V. S. Solov'evs Auseinandersetzung mit E. P. Blavatskaja
(1995)
Lebensbilder
(1994)
Schicksal
(1994)
Der Wolf
(1993)
Ausgehend von den Besonderheiten des Anfangsunterrichts im Fach Russisch für ältere Schülerinnen und Schüler werden Möglichkeiten einer verstärkt kognitiven didaktischen Orientierung sowie des frühzeitigen Umgangs mit kurzen Originaltexten erörtert. Dabei wird auf Fragen der Sprachbewußtheit besonderes Gewicht gelegt. In Teil 2 liegt das Schwergewicht auf vielfältigen Funktionen und Formen der elementaren Textarbeit.
Anhand eines umfangreichen Textkorpus wurde die Verwendung von Personenbenennungen im Tschechischen untersucht. Dabei ging es ausschließlich um die Kennzeichnung, Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von Frauen. Es stellte sich heraus, dass zu diesem Zwecke sowohl Movierungen als auch nicht movierte Benennungen (Maskulina, geschlechtsneutrale Bezeichnungen, Abstrakta u.ä.) verwendet werden. Die "Sichtbarkeit" von Frauen in tschechischen Texten ist stark vom Referenztyp, vom Kontext und der kommunikativen Absicht abhängig. Im Artikel wird auch auf Parallelen und Unterschiede zum Deutschen eingegangen.
Der Sammelband "Torso a tajemství Máchova díla" als Dokument des Prager Linguisitischen Kreises
(2000)
The list of Polish, Czech, and Russian Nobel laureates for literature, Slavic painters, composers, and directors, the achievements in philosophy, logic, rhetoric, theology, modern linguistics, aesthetics, and literature theory is long. Names such as Comenius, Bolzano, Dvorak, Kandinskii, Wajda, Stanislavskii, Rimskii-Korsakov, Szymborska, Mrozek, Capek, and Havel are known around the world. But who in Germany can truly appreciate their contributions to European culture? Given the centuries of close interaction between German and Slavic cultures in art, literature, business and commerce, political thought, and religion, it is time German institutes of higher learning also overcome the disastrous division of Europe that followed the Second World War. Slavic cultures constitute a part of European culture and learning that is just as important as Western culture. They can no longer be marginalised
Research has characterized Nadezhda Teffi as the female Chekhov.1 However, connections can also be found between her work and that of Ivan S. Turgenev. In particular the one-act plays (Conversation on a Highroad; 1851) and (The Woman Question; 1907) are suitable for comparison. Not only does my comparison consider the gender conflict between man and woman, but also a dialectic method which Teffi may have discovered in Turgenev's work and elaborated further. The dialectical considerations are connected with different comic approaches: the psychological comedy of the realist Turgenev in the middle of the 19th century and the mechanical comedy of the utopian Teffi at the start of the 20th century. Its mechanical comicality shows that relates to an international debate, in which Paul Julius Mobius' essay 'Uber den physiologischen Schwachsinn des Weibes' ('On the Physiological Idiocy of the Female'; 1900) may well have played an unfavourable role.
Zum Problem der Ganzheit des literarischen Zyklus - am Beispiel von Adam Mickiewiczs Krimsonetten
(2000)
There are few data analysing to what specific extent phonomicrosurgery improves vocal function in patients suffering from Reinke's oedema (RE). The recently introduced parameter vocal extent measure (VEM) seems to be suitable to objectively quantify vocal performance. The purpose of this clinical prospective study was to investigate the outcomes of phonomicrosurgery in 60 RE patients (6 male, 54 female; 56 ± 8 years ([mean ± SD]) by analysing its effect on subjective and objective vocal parameters with particular regard to VEM. Treatment efficacy was evaluated at three months after surgery by comparing pre- and postoperative videolaryngostroboscopy (VLS), auditory-perceptual assessment (RBH-status), voice range profile (VRP), acoustic-aerodynamic analysis and patient's self-assessment using the voice handicap index (VHI-9i). Phonomicrosurgically, all RE were carefully ablated. VLS revealed removal or substantial reduction of oedema with restored periodic vocal fold vibration. All subjective and most objective acoustic and aerodynamic parameters significantly improved. The VEM increased on average from 64 ± 37 to 88 ± 25 (p #x003C; 0.001) and the dysphonia severity index (DSI) from 0.5 ± 3.4 to 2.9 ± 1.9. Both parameters correlated significantly with each other (rs = 0.70). RBH-status revealed less roughness, breathiness and overall grade of hoarseness (2.0 ± 0.7 vs 1.3 ± 0.7). The VHI-9i-score decreased from 18 ± 8 to 12 ± 9 points. The average total vocal range enlarged by 4 ± 7 semitones, and the mean speaking pitch rose by 2 ± 4 semitones. These results confirm that: (1) the use of VEM in RE patients objectifies and quantifies their vocal capacity as documented in the VRP, and (2) phonomicrosurgery is an effective, objectively and subjectively satisfactory therapy to improve voice in RE patients.
Menschen des Mondlichts
(1995)
Brandenburgische Kirchengeschichte; sorbische/wendische Kirchengeschichte; Förderung von Sprache und Ethnizität durch die Kirche; die Sorben in Brandenburg - ein historischer Überblick; die Bedeutung der Aufklärung und des Pietismus für die sorbische Sprachentwicklung; vom Wiener Kongreß bis zum Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges (1815-1919); von der Weimarer Republik bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges (1919-1945); vom Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges bis zum Ende der DDR (1945-1989); die Zeit nach 1989
Frazeologija na ulicach
(1995)
Die konservative Revolution in Polen hat ihre Thinktanks, Intellektuellen und ihre Literatur. Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz genießt in rechten Kreisen den Status eines Nationaldichters. Bereits in den frühen 1990ern schloss sich Rymkiewicz den radikalen Kritikern der polnischen Transformation an. Er gehört zu den prominenten Unterstützern der PiS. Sein literarisch fesselndes und politisch brisantes Spätwerk übt großen Einfluss auf die Radikalkonservativen in Polen aus.
This introduction to the special section on Poland’s wars of symbols analyzes the symbolic contestation that has characterized the country in recent years, studying a range of phenomena including nation, gender, memory, and religious symbolism within the overall framework of political conflict. In doing so, it offers a multidisciplinary view on political fractures that have resonated throughout Europe and the “West.” Overall, the four case studies in this section study ways in which national symbols, topoi, and narratives have been deployed as tools in drawing and redrawing boundaries within society, polarizing and mobilizing the political camps as well as contesting and resisting power. These studies enable us to situate recent political events in a historical perspective, mapping the rise of populism in Poland against the background of legacies specific to the East-Central European region.
The border shifts and population exchanges between Central and East European states agreed at the 1945 Potsdam Conference continue to reverberate in the culture and politics of those countries. Focusing on Poland, this article proposes the term “border trouble” to interpret the politicized split in memory that has run through Polish culture since the end of the Second World War. Border trouble is a form of cultural trauma that transcends binaries of perpetrator/victim and oppressor/oppressed; it is also a tool for analyzing the ways in which spatial imagination, memory, and identity interact in visual and literary narratives. A close analysis of four recent feature films demonstrates the emergence of a visual grammar of cosmopolitan memory and identity in relation to borderland spaces. Wojciech Smarzowski’s Róża (“Rose,” 2011) and Agnieszka Holland’s Pokot (“Spoor,” 2017) are both set in territories that were transferred from Germany to Poland in 1945. Wołyń (“Volhynia,” released internationally as “Hatred,” 2016) and W ciemności (“In Darkness,” 2011), also directed by Smarzowski and Holland respectively, are set in regions that were under Polish administration before the war but were transferred to Soviet Ukraine in 1945. All four productions break new ground in the memorialization of the post-war legacy in Poland. They deconstruct hitherto dominant discourses of simultaneity and ethnic homogeneity, engaging in Poland’s wars of symbols as a third voice: anti-nationalist, but also refusing to essentialize cosmopolitan identity. They show the evolution of border trouble in response to contemporary political and cultural developments.
eLearning und Lernkultur
(2004)
Sofern die Zukunftschancen einer Nation zunehmend von ihrer Fähigkeit abhängen, Innovationen zu entwickeln und Risiken zu meistern, steht der Übergang von der Wissens- zur Bildungsgesellschaft auf der Tagesordnung. Bildung ist mehr als Ausbildung. Kompetenz mehr als Wissen. Es geht um die Entwicklung von Selbstorganisationsdispositionen der Individuen für die Bewältigung von Ungewissheit. Anders, es geht um die Entwicklung von Kompetenzen als technisch-instrumentelle und wertzentrierte Prädispositionen zur Bewältigung von Ungewissheit unter den Aspekten von Risiko und/oder Innovation. Aus diesem Kontext heraus ist es erforderlich, an der Universität zu prüfen, wie das Lernen mittels elektronischer Medien eine neue Lernkultur bestimmen kann.