Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (235)
- Doctoral Thesis (144)
- Conference Proceeding (122)
- Postprint (69)
- Working Paper (39)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (16)
- Preprint (6)
- Review (6)
- Master's Thesis (5)
- Habilitation Thesis (2)
Language
- English (646) (remove)
Keywords
- climate change (8)
- USA (7)
- United States (7)
- Arktis (6)
- moderne jüdische Geschichte (6)
- Arctic (5)
- COVID-19 (5)
- Fernerkundung (5)
- football (5)
- modern Jewish history (5)
- 20. Jahrhundert (4)
- 20th century (4)
- Klimawandel (4)
- Nanopartikel (4)
- exercise (4)
- obesity (4)
- remote sensing (4)
- sustainability (4)
- 19. Jahrhundert (3)
- Anden (3)
- Andes (3)
- Atmosphäre (3)
- Chlamydomonas (3)
- Datenanalyse (3)
- Diversity (3)
- Holozän (3)
- Immunoassay (3)
- Kohlenstoff (3)
- N400 (3)
- Nachhaltigkeit (3)
- PUFA (3)
- Schadensmodellierung (3)
- atmosphere (3)
- carbon (3)
- climate policy (3)
- cluster expansion (3)
- energy policy (3)
- entropy (3)
- gender (3)
- grammaticalization (3)
- infinite-dimensional Brownian diffusion (3)
- kinetics (3)
- language acquisition (3)
- machine learning (3)
- mental health (3)
- migration (3)
- molecular motors (3)
- molekulare Motoren (3)
- nanoparticles (3)
- photosynthesis (3)
- stunting (3)
- 19th century (2)
- Akan (2)
- Animal personality (2)
- Antarctica (2)
- Antarktis (2)
- Antibiotikaresistenz (2)
- Argentina (2)
- Argentinien (2)
- Deformation (2)
- E. coli (2)
- Energiespeicher (2)
- Energy expenditure (2)
- Erdbeben (2)
- European hare (2)
- Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer (2)
- Focus (2)
- GPS (2)
- Galaxien (2)
- Geodynamik (2)
- German history (2)
- Graphentheorie (2)
- Grenzschicht (2)
- Holocene (2)
- ICT (2)
- Informatics (2)
- Inter-individual differences (2)
- Jurkat cells (2)
- Kohlenstoffnitriden (2)
- Korrosion (2)
- LC/HRMS (2)
- Lidar (2)
- Magnetismus (2)
- Magnetohydrodynamik (2)
- Mesokristalle (2)
- MiSpEx (2)
- Mobilität (2)
- Modellierung (2)
- Modern Jewish history (2)
- Movement ecology (2)
- ODBA (2)
- Paläoklima (2)
- Partial Little Square (2)
- Physical activity (2)
- Quantitative Trait Locus (2)
- Quantitative Trait Locus analysis (2)
- Rheologie (2)
- Rheology (2)
- SEPE (2)
- SNARC (2)
- Seesedimente (2)
- Seismologie (2)
- Spektroskopie (2)
- Stoffwechsel (2)
- Subduktion (2)
- Summer Schools (2)
- Systembiologie (2)
- Union (2)
- Unsicherheiten (2)
- Virus (2)
- Vulnerabilität (2)
- Winderosion (2)
- acclimation (2)
- achilles tendinopathy (2)
- adipose tissue (2)
- air pollution (2)
- air-water interface (2)
- anterior PNP (2)
- antibody (2)
- attention (2)
- behaviour (2)
- body height (2)
- boundary layer (2)
- carbon cycling (2)
- carbon nitrides (2)
- carbon pricing (2)
- composition (2)
- constraint (2)
- corrosion (2)
- cosmic rays (2)
- damage modeling (2)
- data analysis (2)
- derivational complexity (2)
- deutsche Geschichte (2)
- diabetes (2)
- diffusion (2)
- drug delivery (2)
- economic impacts (2)
- ecophysiology (2)
- education (2)
- electrochemistry (2)
- electromyography (2)
- endophytes (2)
- energy expenditure (2)
- energy storage (2)
- entrepreneurship (2)
- europe (2)
- european (2)
- experiment (2)
- fatty acid (2)
- feature selection (2)
- flexibility (2)
- food quality (2)
- galaxies (2)
- gesture (2)
- global change (2)
- graph theory (2)
- handgrip strength (2)
- health care (2)
- heterogene Photokatalyse (2)
- heterogeneous photocatalysis (2)
- high resolution (2)
- higher education (2)
- hohe Auflösung (2)
- human excised skin (2)
- hydraulic fracturing (2)
- hydrolysis (2)
- immunoassay (2)
- kosmische Strahlung (2)
- literature review (2)
- long-term effects (2)
- longitudinal (2)
- low back pain (2)
- magnetohydrodynamics (2)
- malnutrition (2)
- maturation (2)
- mechanobiology (2)
- mesocrystals (2)
- miRNA (2)
- mobility (2)
- monensin (2)
- multidisciplinary intervention (2)
- nanogels (2)
- numerical modelling (2)
- numerische Modellierung (2)
- organic synthesis (2)
- organische Synthese (2)
- palaeoclimate (2)
- permafrost (2)
- perovskite (2)
- photoresponse (2)
- physiology (2)
- political ideology (2)
- posterior P600 (2)
- pre-school (2)
- predictability (2)
- primary school (2)
- probabilistic processing (2)
- recombinant inbred line (2)
- refugees (2)
- renewable energy (2)
- school mathematics (2)
- seismology (2)
- self-assembly (2)
- self-employment (2)
- skills (2)
- skin penetration (2)
- social network (2)
- spatial autocorrelation (2)
- spatially explicit (2)
- spatially explicit model (2)
- stability (2)
- stable isotopes (2)
- stochastic processes (2)
- stochastische Prozesse (2)
- tacrolimus formulation (2)
- theta (2)
- transformation (2)
- transformation products (2)
- uncertainty (2)
- veterinary drugs (2)
- virtual reality (2)
- virus (2)
- vulnerability (2)
- wh-ex-situ (2)
- wh-in-situ (2)
- wh-questions (2)
- wheat (2)
- Ökologie (2)
- (implicit) prosody (1)
- 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phoshphate aldolase (1)
- 2D Numerical Modelling (1)
- 315 nm (1)
- 3D thermal model (1)
- 46 (3) 2009 (1)
- 473 nm (1)
- 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (1)
- 946 nm (1)
- AC Elektrokinetik (1)
- AC Elektroosmosis (1)
- AC electrokinetics (1)
- AC electroosmosis (1)
- ACIDIFICATION (1)
- ACWR (1)
- AFLP (1)
- AGN (1)
- ALOS World 3D (1)
- AMNET (1)
- APP (1)
- ARMS (1)
- ASPECT (1)
- ASTER GDEM (1)
- ATRP (1)
- Acetobacteraceae (1)
- Active Labor Market Policy (1)
- Active noise control (1)
- Adana Basin (1)
- Adana Becken (1)
- Adaptive hypermedia (1)
- Adipose tissue (1)
- Adolescents (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Adult-child interaction (1)
- Advection and convection (1)
- Adverbial Quantification (1)
- Aerosole (1)
- Aerosols (1)
- Africa (1)
- Aftercare (1)
- Aging (1)
- Akt pathway (1)
- Aktiven Galaxienkerne (1)
- Allantoin (1)
- Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie (1)
- Alternative Semantics (1)
- Altiplano (1)
- Aluminiumlegierung (1)
- Alzheimer's Disease (1)
- Amblystegiaceae (1)
- Analyse von Abflussganglinien (1)
- Anaphylatoxin (1)
- Anatomy (1)
- Animal (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antibiotic alternatives (1)
- Antibiotic resistance (1)
- Antibiotikaersatz (1)
- Antifouling (1)
- Antikörper (1)
- Antwortmengenprogrammierung (1)
- Arabica coffee (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Archetyp (1)
- Arctic aerosol (1)
- Arctic haze (1)
- Arctic tundra (1)
- Arnos Padiri (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Assemblierungsfaktor (1)
- Association Rule Mining (1)
- Assoziationsregeln (1)
- Astronomie (1)
- Asynchrone Schaltung (1)
- Asynchronous circuit (1)
- Atmosphärenforschung (1)
- Atmosphärenmodellierung (1)
- Auenbereich (1)
- Ausbreitung (1)
- Ausbreitung der kosmischen Strahlung (1)
- Aussterbeschuld (1)
- Autismus (1)
- Bachelor (1)
- Bachstufen (1)
- Backward ownership (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Bandenenergien (1)
- Barriers (1)
- Basalt-Vulkane (1)
- Bay of Bengal (1)
- Bayesian Network (1)
- Bayesian modelling (1)
- Bayesianisches Netzwerk (1)
- Bayesianism (1)
- Bayesianismus (1)
- Bedingte Inklusionsabhängigkeiten (1)
- Bemessungshochwasser (1)
- Beschichtungen (1)
- Beta-Lactoglobulin (1)
- Beweidung (1)
- Bi2Se3 (1)
- Bi2Te3 (1)
- Big Data Analytics (1)
- Big data mining zu Hochwasserrisiken (1)
- Bildung (1)
- Bindungsinteraktion (1)
- Biochemical analysis (1)
- Biochemie (1)
- Biodiversität (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Biogenese (1)
- Biokonjugate (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomoleküle (1)
- Biophotonik (1)
- Bioraffinerie (1)
- Blattverschiebung (1)
- Boden (1)
- Bodenbearbeitung (1)
- Bodenunruhe (1)
- Botanik (1)
- Braunmoose (1)
- Bruchausbreitung (1)
- Bruchmodel (1)
- Bryophyten (1)
- Bryophytes (1)
- Bucht von Bengalen (1)
- Bulge (1)
- CDOM (1)
- CLSM (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- CRISPR editing validation (1)
- CS Ed Research (1)
- CS at school (1)
- CS curriculum (1)
- CSC (1)
- CaM4 (1)
- Caco-2 (1)
- Canonical Gibbs measure (1)
- Capsule (1)
- Carbo-Iron (1)
- Carbon Capture (1)
- Carbon Dioxide Removal (1)
- Cars (1)
- Catecholamine (1)
- Causal structure (1)
- Cell-free protein synthesis (1)
- Central European Basin System (1)
- Chaco-Paraná Becken (1)
- Chaco-Paraná basin (1)
- Chalkogenide (1)
- Chaos Theory (1)
- Chaostheorie (1)
- Charnockit (1)
- Chemistry of fresh water (1)
- Chemokinematik der Milchstraße (1)
- Cherenkov telescopes (1)
- Cherenkov-Teleskope (1)
- Chew Bahir (1)
- China (1)
- Chloroplast transformation (1)
- Chloroplastentransformation (1)
- Chronic conditions (1)
- Chronic low back pain (1)
- Citrazinsäure (1)
- Climate Policy (1)
- Climate reconstruction (1)
- Clustering (1)
- Cognitive fatigue (1)
- Coiled coils (1)
- Color vision Aging (1)
- Comparing programming environments (1)
- Complement system (1)
- Complex networks (1)
- Computer Science Education (1)
- Computersimulation (1)
- Conditional Inclusion Dependency (1)
- Confluence (1)
- Constraint Solving (1)
- Continental Rifts (1)
- Controller-Resynthese (1)
- Convergence (1)
- Conversation Analysis (1)
- Copernicus DEM (1)
- Coping (1)
- Core-Collapse Supernovae (1)
- Course development (1)
- Course marketing (1)
- Course of Study (1)
- Courses for female students (1)
- Covert Variables (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- Cross-frequency PLV (1)
- Cu doped InP (1)
- Cu-dotiertes InP (1)
- Curricula Development (1)
- Curriculum analysis (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- Cytochrome b (1)
- DAS (1)
- DEM noise (1)
- DGVM (1)
- Damage assessment (1)
- Daphnia (1)
- Dark Matter (1)
- Data Dependency (1)
- Data pooling (1)
- Data-Mining (1)
- Datenabhängigkeiten (1)
- Datenintegration (1)
- Deduction (1)
- Deligne Cohomology (1)
- Deligne Kohomologie (1)
- Delphi study (1)
- Demokratisierung (1)
- Density modelling (1)
- Deoxyfructosazin (1)
- Developmental hyperscanning (1)
- Diamantstempelzelle (1)
- Diatomeen (1)
- Diatoms (1)
- Dichteeffekte (1)
- Dichtemodellierung (1)
- Dielektrophorese (1)
- Difference-in-Differences (1)
- Digital Health (1)
- Digital Rebound (1)
- Digital intervention (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Diskursverstehen (1)
- Disturbance impacts (1)
- Disturbance indicator (1)
- Diversität (1)
- Domain Restriction (1)
- Downstep (1)
- Dreissena polymorpha (1)
- Dronning Maud Land (1)
- Dual EEG analysis (1)
- Dunkle Materie (1)
- Durchmusterung (1)
- Dynamometry (1)
- Düngung (1)
- E-DSGE (1)
- EAAT1 (1)
- EEG (1)
- EKP (1)
- EROSION (1)
- ERP (1)
- ERPs (1)
- EVENTS (1)
- Early New High German (1)
- Earthquake (1)
- East European Jewish history (1)
- Eating behavior (1)
- Eccentric muscle action (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- Einkapselung (1)
- Einwanderungskredit (1)
- Einzelatomkatalyse (1)
- Einzelmolekülkraftspektroskopie (1)
- Einzugsgebietshydrologie (1)
- Eisbohrkern (1)
- Electron acceleration (1)
- Electronic Health (1)
- Electrophysiology (1)
- Elektronenbeschleunigung (1)
- Elephant disturbance (1)
- Embodied cognition (1)
- Emissionslinienklassifikation (1)
- Emotionserkennung (1)
- Employee Training (1)
- Emulsion (1)
- Endophyten (1)
- Energie (1)
- Energieerzeugung (1)
- Energietransfer (1)
- English and Physics teacher trainees (1)
- Entrepreneurship (1)
- Entry deterrence (1)
- Entstehung der Milchstraße (1)
- Epiphyten (1)
- Erdmantel (1)
- Erkennen von Meta-Daten (1)
- Erosion (1)
- Essigsäurebakterien (1)
- Ethics (1)
- Etna (1)
- Europa (1)
- Europe (1)
- European Alps (1)
- European history (1)
- Evolution (1)
- Evolution der Milchstraße (1)
- Exertion (1)
- Exoplaneten (1)
- Exoplanetenatmosphären (1)
- Experimental study (1)
- Exploration (1)
- FARIMA (1)
- FastScape (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Ferroperiklas (1)
- FieldTrip (1)
- Figurative Sprachverarbeitung (1)
- Figurative language processing (1)
- Firm Growth (1)
- Flache Subduktion (1)
- Flat subduction (1)
- Flood Change (1)
- Flood Risk Big Data Mining (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluorpolymere (1)
- Foreclosure (1)
- Foreland (1)
- Foreland basin (1)
- Foreland basins (1)
- Forstwirtschaft (1)
- Fourier analysis (1)
- Fresh water fish (1)
- Frucht (1)
- Förster Resonanz Energie Transfer (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GIS (1)
- GITEWS (1)
- Gait (1)
- Galaxie: allgemein (1)
- Galaxienhaufen (1)
- Galicia (1)
- Galizien (1)
- Gasgeochemie (1)
- Gebirgsbäche (1)
- Geflügelmist (1)
- Geistesgeschichte (1)
- Gen-Koexpression (1)
- Gender (1)
- Gene co-expression (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- General Relativity (1)
- General subject “Information” (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Geodynamic Modelling (1)
- Geodynamics (1)
- Geodynamische Modellierung (1)
- Geomorphologie (1)
- Geothermal field (1)
- Geothermal monitoring (1)
- Geothermisches Monitoring (1)
- Gerben (1)
- Gerbes (1)
- Gerinne-Hang-Kopplung (1)
- German Jewry (1)
- German-Jewish History (1)
- Germany (1)
- Geschichte 2003-2006 (1)
- Geschiebetransport (1)
- Geschwindigkeitsmodell (1)
- Gezeitenwechselwirkungen (1)
- Gibbs field (1)
- Gibbs measure (1)
- Gletschervorfeld (1)
- Global Differentialgeometry (1)
- Global Value Chains (1)
- Globale Differentialgeometrie (1)
- Globale Wertschöpfungsketten (1)
- Glucagon (1)
- Glucose homeostasis (1)
- Glutamat (1)
- Glutamate (1)
- Grabenbrüche (1)
- Grammatica (1)
- Grandonica (1)
- Gravitational Waves (1)
- Gravitationswellen (1)
- Greenhouse Gas Emissions (1)
- Greenland (1)
- Greenland Ice Sheet (1)
- Grenzflächen (1)
- Grenzflächenchemie (1)
- Grip force (1)
- Growth signaling (1)
- Grundgestein (1)
- Grundwassersanierung (1)
- Grönland (1)
- Grönländisches Eisschild (1)
- Grüne Chemie (1)
- Grünland (1)
- GxLMS algorithm (1)
- Gyrochronologie (1)
- H/V (1)
- H2S biosynthesis (1)
- HDL (1)
- HIV (1)
- HMA (1)
- HVSR (1)
- HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION (1)
- Halogenbindung (1)
- Hamstring-quadriceps ratio (1)
- Hanghydrologie (1)
- Hanxleden (1)
- Hauptfaserbündel (1)
- Health insurance (1)
- Heat transport by conduction (1)
- Hebung des Plateaus (1)
- HepG2 (1)
- Hepatic artery (1)
- Hepatic glucose balance (1)
- Hepatic hemodynamics (1)
- Hepatic lactate balance (1)
- Hepatic nerve (1)
- Heptazine (1)
- High growth firms (1)
- Hippo signaling (1)
- Hochdruck (1)
- Hochwasserrisiko (1)
- Holonomie (1)
- Holonomy (1)
- Horace Kallen (1)
- Horizontal flux (1)
- Human Capital Investments (1)
- Human physical conditioning (1)
- Hydrogele (1)
- Hydrograph Analysis (1)
- Hyperakkumulation (1)
- Hysterese (1)
- ICDP (1)
- ICT curriculum (1)
- ISSEP (1)
- Impakt (1)
- Impermanence (1)
- InSAR (1)
- Indian Summer Monsoon (1)
- Indischer Sommermonsun (1)
- Individualized therapy (1)
- Industrial Internet of Things (1)
- Industrie 4.0 (1)
- Industrielles Internet der Dinge (1)
- Industry 4.0 (1)
- Induzierte Seismizität (1)
- Influenza (1)
- Informatics Education (1)
- Informatik (1)
- Informatikdidaktik (1)
- Information Ethics (1)
- Information Processing (1)
- Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (1)
- Injektion (1)
- Injektionsschema (1)
- Injury (1)
- Injury risk (1)
- Inlandeis (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Innovationen in den Städten (1)
- Institutions (1)
- Insulin resistance (1)
- Interacting Diffusion Processes (1)
- Interactional Linguistics (1)
- Interface-Engineering (1)
- Internet of Things (1)
- Interoception (1)
- Intersectionality (1)
- Intervention Effect (1)
- Intonation (1)
- Introgression (1)
- Intuitive eating (1)
- Inversion (1)
- Investitionspolitik (1)
- Ionenmobilitätspektrometrie (1)
- Irak (1)
- Iron Age (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Isaac Leeser (1)
- Isaac Mayer Wise (1)
- Island biogeography (1)
- Israel (1)
- JH-III-specific carrier protein (1)
- JUB1 (1)
- Japanese (1)
- Jets (1)
- Job Creation (1)
- Job Search (1)
- Just so stories (1)
- Juvenile hormone (1)
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (1)
- KINETIC-ENERGY (1)
- Karbonnitrid Ionothermalsynthese (1)
- Kathode (1)
- Kausalstruktur (1)
- Kern-Kollaps-Supernovae (1)
- Kern-Mantel Grenze (1)
- Key Competencies (1)
- Kleinwinkelröntgenstreuung (1)
- Klimadaten (1)
- Klimafolgenforschung (1)
- Klimanetzwerke (1)
- Klimaphysik (1)
- Klimarekonstruktion (1)
- Klimavariabilität (1)
- Knochen (1)
- Kohlenstoffdioxid (1)
- Kohlenstoffhaushalt (1)
- Kohlenstoffkreislauf (1)
- Kohlenstoffmaterialien (1)
- Kohlenstoffmodell (1)
- Kohnen (1)
- Komplexe Netzwerke (1)
- Kontaktschichten (1)
- Koordinationskomplexe (1)
- Kultivierung (1)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (1)
- K−12 teachers (1)
- LAEs (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LCSM (1)
- LC–MS/MS (1)
- LDL (1)
- LMS without reference signal (1)
- LOC (1)
- LPJ (1)
- Labor Market Mobility (1)
- Lake Constance (1)
- Lake Holzmaar (1)
- Lake Malawi (1)
- Lake sediments (1)
- Lakunen (1)
- Landnutzung (1)
- Landnutzungshistorie (1)
- Langevin Dynamics (1)
- Lanthanoide (1)
- Laser ablation (1)
- Lateglacial (1)
- Lavafontänen (1)
- Leptinotarsa decemlineata (1)
- Levy walks (1)
- Li-Ionen-Akkus (1)
- Li-Ionen-Kondensator (1)
- Li-ion batteries (1)
- Li-ion capacitor (1)
- LiFePO4 (1)
- Lignin (1)
- Link Discovery (1)
- Link-Entdeckung (1)
- Linked Open Data (1)
- Lithosphäre (1)
- Locally structured correlation (1)
- Locally structured standard deviation (1)
- Logic Programming (1)
- Logics (1)
- Lokalisierung von Deformation (1)
- Luftverschmutzung (1)
- Lumineszenz (1)
- Lyman Kontinuum (1)
- Lyman alpha (1)
- Lyman continuum (1)
- Lyman-Alpha-Emitter (1)
- Lyman-alpha emitters (1)
- Lysimeter (1)
- M1/M2 differentiation (1)
- MALDI-TOF-MS (1)
- MCI (1)
- MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEXES (1)
- MIXTURE (1)
- MSAP (1)
- MSPAC (1)
- Macular pigment (1)
- Magnetfelder (1)
- Magnetoelastizität (1)
- Malliavin calculus (1)
- Manager Decisions (1)
- Mandarin-English bilinguals (1)
- Markov chains (1)
- Markov-Prozesse (1)
- Markovketten (1)
- Martial arts (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Massenverlust (1)
- Matthew effect (1)
- Mechanobiologie (1)
- Meereis (1)
- Meeresspiegelanstieg (1)
- Mehrschichtsysteme (1)
- Membrane proteins (1)
- Memory studies (1)
- Mental number line (1)
- Mesoporosity (1)
- Mesoporosität (1)
- Metabolic syndrome (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metabolit (1)
- Metabolome (1)
- Metadata Discovery (1)
- Metadatenentdeckung (1)
- Metadatenqualität (1)
- Meteorologie (1)
- Methan (1)
- Methankreislauf (1)
- MiSpEx-network (1)
- Micro-translantation (1)
- Microsaccades (1)
- Microsaccadic Inhibition (1)
- Microschwimmer (1)
- Microtus arvalis (1)
- Middle East (1)
- Mikrofluidik (1)
- Mikrokapsel (1)
- Mikrokapseln (1)
- Mikroplatte (1)
- Mikrowellensynthese (1)
- Mikrozonierung (1)
- Milky Way chemo-kinematics (1)
- Milky Way evolution (1)
- Milky Way formation (1)
- Minderheit (1)
- Mindfulness (1)
- Mineralisierung (1)
- Mineralverwitterungsreaktionen (1)
- Minority shareholdings (1)
- Mistausbringung (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mixed methods (1)
- Mobile Health (1)
- Mobile diagnostics (1)
- Mobile learning (1)
- Moco biosynthesis (1)
- Model-Daten Integration (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modellkalibrierung (1)
- Modellvalidierung (1)
- Moden Stabilität (1)
- Moderne jüdische Geschichte (1)
- Mondsee (1)
- Monolayers (1)
- Monte Carlo method (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (1)
- Moorsukzession (1)
- Moos-Mikroben-Interaktion (1)
- Moos-assoziierte Methanoxidation (1)
- Moos-assoziierte Methanproduktion (1)
- Morbus Alzheimer (1)
- Morphologie von Kapseln (1)
- Motor system (1)
- Movement (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Muscle strength (1)
- Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- Muttergalaxien (1)
- NAFLD/MAFLD (1)
- NP-deletion (1)
- Nanoeisen (1)
- Nanoelektroden (1)
- Natrium-Ionen-Akkumulator (1)
- Naturgefahren (1)
- Navigation (1)
- Nehemia Robinson (1)
- Neodym-YAG-Laser (1)
- Neutronensterne (1)
- Nichtlineare Spektroskopie (1)
- Nichtlineare Wellen (1)
- Nitrogen deposition (1)
- Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- Non-linear Geoscience (1)
- Non-stationary Flood Risk (1)
- Nonlinear waves (1)
- Noradrenaline (1)
- Number processing (1)
- Numerische 2D Modellierung (1)
- NutriAct Family Study (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- Oberflächenchemie (1)
- Oberflächenprozesse (1)
- Oberflächenzustände (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Old High German (1)
- Older adults (1)
- Omicron (1)
- Open Access (1)
- Open Source (1)
- OpenStreetMap (1)
- Optimization (1)
- Optode (1)
- Orogen (1)
- Orthodox Judaism (1)
- Ortscharakterisierung (1)
- Ortseffekte (1)
- Oscillating Bubble (1)
- Overhead athletes (1)
- Oxo-Kohlenstoff (1)
- P-Typ ATPase (1)
- P300 (1)
- P300Psychophysiology (1)
- PBCEC (1)
- PHQ-4 score (1)
- PHREEQC (1)
- PLV (1)
- PM10 (1)
- PM10, PM2, PM1 (1)
- POC (1)
- PVA (population viability analysis) (1)
- Paleofloods (1)
- Paläohochwasser (1)
- Paläolimnologie (1)
- Partial ownership (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Patent (1)
- Peptid (1)
- Peptid-Polymer-Konjugate (1)
- Peptide (1)
- Perfusion (1)
- Permafrost (1)
- Permafrostdegradation (1)
- Permafrostsedimente (1)
- Permafrostökosysteme (1)
- Perowskit (1)
- Perowskit Solarzellen (1)
- Perowskite (1)
- Petrinetz (1)
- Pflanzenwissenschaften (1)
- Phage lysins (1)
- Phagenlysine (1)
- Phase Locking Value (1)
- Phasenraum des Time Delay Embedding (1)
- Phosphoproteomik (1)
- Photochemische Reaktionen (1)
- Photodynamics (1)
- Photosynthese (1)
- Photosystem I (1)
- Photovoltaik (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Physical training (1)
- Physik (1)
- Piano delle Concazze (1)
- Pipistrellus nathusii (1)
- Pitch Reset (1)
- Pkw (1)
- Planetary Rings (1)
- Planing (1)
- Plyometric exercise (1)
- Policy Reform (1)
- Politik (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Polyelectrolyte (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyether (1)
- Polymernetzwerk (1)
- Polyneuropathie (1)
- Populationsdynamik (1)
- Populationsgefährdungsanalyse (1)
- Portal vein (1)
- Post-Focus Reduction (1)
- Postural control (1)
- Pragmatik (1)
- Present-Day German (1)
- Preußen (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Primary informatics (1)
- Prinicipal Fibre Bundles (1)
- Prior knowledge (1)
- Privathaushalte (1)
- Problem solving (1)
- Problem solving strategies (1)
- Procrustes rotation analysis (1)
- Programming environments for children (1)
- Programming learning (1)
- Prokrustes Analyse (1)
- Prolog (1)
- Propeller (1)
- Prospective (1)
- Protective factors (1)
- Protein expression (1)
- Proteom (1)
- Proxyunsicherheit (1)
- Proxyverständnis (1)
- Prussia (1)
- Pseudodatensätze (1)
- Puna (1)
- Push and Pull Theories (1)
- Pytho n (1)
- QD device (1)
- QD stability (1)
- QD-Gerät (1)
- QD-Stabilität (1)
- QtClassify (1)
- Quadratsäure (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- Quality of regional governments (1)
- Quantenpunkt (1)
- Quantificational Variability (1)
- RAFT (1)
- RAVE Beobachtungskampagne (1)
- RAVE survey (1)
- Rabbiner (1)
- Random Field Ising Model (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Randomized-controlled trial (1)
- Rare and Unseasonal Flood (1)
- Rat (1)
- Rechtsgeschichte (1)
- Recurrence Plots (1)
- Reform Judaism (1)
- Reformjudentum (1)
- Regions (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Reionisierung (1)
- Reisen (1)
- Rekurrenzanalyse (1)
- Rekurrenzplot (1)
- Relativistische Astrophysik (1)
- Remote Sensing (1)
- Repetition (1)
- Reproducible benchmarking (1)
- Resiliency (1)
- Resistance training (1)
- Rezeptor (1)
- Rift (1)
- Risk Attitudes (1)
- Roboter (1)
- Rotation (1)
- Rotifera (1)
- Runoff and streamflow (1)
- Rural health (1)
- Russia (1)
- Russian Arctic (1)
- Russland (1)
- Röntgenbeugung (1)
- S. 635-644 (1)
- SAR (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SEGUE Beobachtungskampagne (1)
- SEGUE survey (1)
- SEPE Factors (1)
- SEPS factors (1)
- SFA (1)
- SFON (1)
- SOILWATER END-MEMBERS (1)
- SPAC (1)
- SRT (1)
- SRTM (1)
- STEM (1)
- STG decomposition (1)
- STG-Dekomposition (1)
- STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY (1)
- Salzgestein (1)
- Salzschmelze (1)
- Salzschmelze-Templating (1)
- Sanskrit (1)
- Saprolit (1)
- Sauerstoff (1)
- Schallemissionen (1)
- Schatten eines Schwarzen Lochs (1)
- Schaum (1)
- Scheibe (1)
- Schemaentdeckung (1)
- Schlüsselkompetenzen (1)
- Schwarzes Loch (1)
- Scientific understanding of Information (1)
- Search Frictions (1)
- Sedimentary basin (1)
- Sedimentenabfolge (1)
- Segmentierung (1)
- Selbstheilende Beschichtungen (1)
- Selbstorganisation (1)
- Selbstähnlichkeit (1)
- Selen (1)
- Selenonein (1)
- Seneszenz (1)
- Shire River (1)
- Shock waves (1)
- Shortening (1)
- Shoulder (1)
- Sierras Pampeanas (1)
- Signalflankengraph (SFG oder STG) (1)
- Silika (1)
- Silizium (1)
- Simulationen (1)
- Simulationsframework (1)
- Skalierung (1)
- Social Cost of Carbon (1)
- Social Identity Theory (1)
- Social impact (1)
- Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors (1)
- Sociotechnical Design (1)
- Solar corona (1)
- Sonnenkorona (1)
- South-Eastern Africa (1)
- Space-Time Cluster Expansions (1)
- Spalteneruption (1)
- Spannungsfeld (1)
- Spannungsmessung (1)
- Species richness (1)
- Specific wood density (1)
- Sphagnum (1)
- Spinpolarisation (1)
- Spleißvariante (1)
- Splice Variant (1)
- Sport-specific performance (1)
- Spurengasflüsse (1)
- Spätglazial (1)
- Sri Lanka (1)
- St. Nicolas House Analysis (1)
- Stabile Isotope (1)
- Stabilität (1)
- Stadtwachstumsraten (1)
- Stakeholder-based Science (1)
- Stakeholder-basierte Forschung (1)
- Stalagmiten (1)
- Standard deviation (1)
- Starkregen (1)
- Start-Up Subsidies (1)
- Start-up Motivation (1)
- Statistical Exercise (1)
- Statistik (1)
- Staubemission (1)
- Steilwinkel-Analyse von PcP (1)
- Stern-Brauner Zwerg Systeme (1)
- Stern-Planet Systeme (1)
- Stern-Planeten-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Sterne: Entfernungen (1)
- Sternentwicklung (1)
- Sternphysik (1)
- Sternwinde (1)
- Stethophyma grossum (1)
- Stimuli (1)
- Stimuli-Sensitivität (1)
- Stochastic Differential Equation (1)
- Stoßwellen (1)
- Strahlungstransport (1)
- Strain Localisation (1)
- Stress response (1)
- Strukturgeologie (1)
- Styrol (1)
- Städte (1)
- Subduction (1)
- Subsidenzgeschichte (1)
- Succession (1)
- Sulfation (1)
- Sumpfschrecke (1)
- Superconducting gravimetry (1)
- Supernovaüberreste (1)
- Supraleit-Gravimetrie (1)
- Survival (1)
- Sway (1)
- Synchrotronstrahlung (1)
- Synthese (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- Systeme interagierender Partikel (1)
- Systems Biology (1)
- Süd-Türkei (1)
- TAVI (1)
- TLR signaling (1)
- TMAO reductase (1)
- TMS (1)
- TRACERS (1)
- TRPV1 (1)
- TanDEM-X (1)
- Tandem-Solarzelle (1)
- Target of Rapamycin kinase (1)
- Tauziehen (1)
- Teaching problem solving strategies (1)
- Team Composition (1)
- Team Development (1)
- Technique (1)
- Tektonik (1)
- Telehealth (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Temperaturproxy (1)
- Tensid (1)
- Teukolsky Gleichung (1)
- Teukolsky master equation (1)
- Thermoelektrizität (1)
- Thermokarstprozesse (1)
- Thioester (1)
- Thylakoidmembran (1)
- Tibet Plateau (1)
- Tibetan Plateau (1)
- Tiefbeben und Kernexplosionen (1)
- Time Embedded Phase Space (1)
- Time series analysis (1)
- Tiredness (1)
- Tomate (1)
- Tomato (1)
- Topic (1)
- Torfmoose (1)
- Torsion Experiments (1)
- Torsionsexperimente (1)
- Training Sozialer Kognition (1)
- Trajectories (1)
- Transdisziplinarität (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transkriptionsfaktor (1)
- Tree allometry (1)
- Treibhausgase (1)
- Treibhausgasemissionen (1)
- Triazin (1)
- Trockenstress (1)
- Tsunami (1)
- Turbulenz (1)
- Turbulenzparametrisierungen (1)
- Type 1 diabetes (1)
- UNITED-STATES (1)
- UV-detection (1)
- Ulmener Maar Tephra (1)
- Ultra-Niedriggeschwindigkeitszonen (1)
- Understorey (1)
- Uniform pricing (1)
- Unintended Consequence (1)
- Unsicherheitsanalyse (1)
- Urate (1)
- VLT/MUSE (1)
- VOC (1)
- VP-ellipsis (1)
- VR (1)
- Variance (1)
- Variationen terrestrischer Wasserspeicher (1)
- Vascular plants (1)
- Vegetation (1)
- Vegetationsmodell (1)
- Verkürzung (1)
- Vernetzer (1)
- Versöhnung (1)
- Vertical flux (1)
- Vertical integration (1)
- Vertreibung (1)
- Verwitterungsfeedback (1)
- Videoanalyse (1)
- Visual Oddball Paradigm (1)
- Vorland (1)
- Vorlandbecken (1)
- Vulkan Verformung (1)
- Vulkanologie (1)
- Wachstumssignale (1)
- Warven (1)
- Warves (1)
- Wasser-Gesteins-Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Wasser/Luft Grenzflächen (1)
- Wasserhaushalt (1)
- Wearable electronic device (1)
- Wearable technology (1)
- Weathering (1)
- Weitwinkelröntgenstreuung (1)
- Wh-question (1)
- Whinterrogatives (1)
- Windböen (1)
- Wirtsspezifität (1)
- Wissenschaftsgeschichte (1)
- Wissensgeschichte (1)
- Women and IT (1)
- Wood specific gravity (1)
- Woody aboveground biomass (1)
- Word processing (1)
- WorldDEM (1)
- Wärmefluss (1)
- Wärmekapazität (1)
- Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Schnee (1)
- X-ray (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- XM (1)
- Yamal (1)
- Yap1/Wwtr1 (Taz) (1)
- Zeitpunkt von Störungen (1)
- Zeitreihenanalyse (1)
- Zink (1)
- Zirkulardichroismus (1)
- Zyklone (1)
- Züchtung (1)
- [N]phenylene dyads (1)
- [N]phenylenes (1)
- abrupte Übergänge (1)
- academic leadership (1)
- accelerometer (1)
- acid mine drainage (1)
- acoustic communication (1)
- acoustic emissions (1)
- acoustically levitated droplets (1)
- active galactic nuclei (1)
- acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization (1)
- ad hoc learning (1)
- ad hoc messaging network (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adaptive management (1)
- addition (1)
- adolescents (1)
- adsorption (1)
- advanced dynamic flow (1)
- aerobic power (1)
- aerosol: hygroscopic growth (1)
- aerosol: hygroskopisches Wachstum (1)
- aerosol: optical properties (1)
- aerosol: optische Eigenschaften (1)
- affect (1)
- aggression (1)
- aging (1)
- agricultural (1)
- agricultural landscape (1)
- airborne bacteria (1)
- aktive Galaxienkerne (1)
- akustisch schwebende Tropfen (1)
- alga (1)
- allocation policies (1)
- alpha (1)
- alpha-2 (1)
- aluminum alloy (1)
- ambient vibration (1)
- ambiguity attitudes (1)
- amino acids (1)
- anaerobe Inkubationensexperimente (1)
- anaerobic incubation experiments (1)
- angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- animal migration (1)
- animal personality (1)
- anomalous diffusion (1)
- answer set programming (1)
- anterior cruciate ligament (1)
- anthropometry (1)
- anti-cancer drugs (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antidepressants (1)
- antimicrobial (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- approximate methods (1)
- arable weeds (1)
- archetype (1)
- arctic (1)
- arktische Tundra (1)
- arktischer Dunst (1)
- arktisches Aerosol (1)
- assembly factor (1)
- astronomy (1)
- asymptotic method (1)
- athletes (1)
- athletic performance (1)
- atmospheric modelling (1)
- atmospheric science (1)
- augmented reality (1)
- autism (1)
- automated radio telemetry (1)
- bacteria (1)
- balance (1)
- baroclinicity (1)
- basaltic volcanoes (1)
- basement rock (1)
- basic need satisfaction and frustration (1)
- bats (1)
- bedload transport (1)
- behavior problems (1)
- behavioral and self-report measures (1)
- behavioral economics (1)
- behavioral type (1)
- benchmarking (1)
- bibliometric analysis (1)
- bidirectional intracellular transport (1)
- bidirektionaler intrazellulärer Transport (1)
- bild (1)
- binding interactions (1)
- biochemistry (1)
- bioconjugate (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biofilm (1)
- biogenesis (1)
- biohybrid molecules (1)
- biological age (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- biomolecule (1)
- biophotonics (1)
- biorefinery (1)
- birth weight (1)
- bis-MGD (1)
- black hole (1)
- black hole shadows (1)
- black holes (1)
- blended learning (1)
- blockchain (1)
- body mass index (1)
- body proportions (1)
- bone (1)
- bottom–up (1)
- bound phenolic compounds (1)
- brain health (1)
- breastfeeding (1)
- breeding (1)
- brown mosses (1)
- bryophytes (1)
- buffer zones (1)
- built–in predicates (1)
- bulge (1)
- burnout (1)
- business process management (1)
- business processes (1)
- business services (1)
- cTBS (1)
- callous-unemotional traits (1)
- callousness (1)
- calmodulin (1)
- camelid antibody (1)
- camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (1)
- cancer cachexia (1)
- canonical discretization schemes (1)
- capabilities (1)
- capacity building (1)
- capillary electrophoresis (1)
- capsule morphology (1)
- carbon cycle (1)
- carbon debt (1)
- carbon dioxide (1)
- carbon emissions (1)
- carbon materials (1)
- carbon nitride (1)
- carbon price (1)
- carbon removal (1)
- cardiac catheterization (CC) (1)
- cardiac development (1)
- cardiology (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- cardiovascular diseases (1)
- cartel (1)
- catch-up-growth (1)
- catchment hydrology (1)
- cathode (1)
- cellular bioenergetics (1)
- cellulose polymeric organic matter (1)
- central Andes (1)
- central and peripheral vision (1)
- central-eastern Beringia (1)
- cereal leaf beetle (1)
- chalcogenide (1)
- change of direction speed (1)
- changepoint analysis (1)
- changepoint detection (1)
- channel steps (1)
- channel-hillslope coupling (1)
- chaperone (1)
- charnockite (1)
- chemical weathering (1)
- chemische Verwitterung (1)
- chemokines (1)
- child growth (1)
- childcare provision (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- chimera (1)
- chlorbenzol (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- chronic health condition (1)
- chronic pain (1)
- chronic undernutrition (1)
- chronischer Schmerz (1)
- circular dichroism (1)
- citation analysis (1)
- citrazinic acid (1)
- climate (1)
- climate change adaptation (1)
- climate data (1)
- climate impact research (1)
- climate networks (1)
- climate physics (1)
- clinical sample (1)
- closed chamber method (1)
- clustering (1)
- coating (1)
- coffee processing (1)
- cognitive bias (1)
- cognitive/muscular fatigue (1)
- coherence (1)
- coiled coils (1)
- collaboration (1)
- colloidal quantum dot (1)
- collusion (1)
- colonization credit (1)
- color (1)
- color change (1)
- communication (1)
- community (1)
- community model (1)
- commuting (1)
- competence (1)
- complement (1)
- completion rates (1)
- complex emulsion (1)
- complex systems (1)
- complexity (1)
- computational thinking (1)
- computer science (1)
- computing science education (1)
- concept of algorithm (1)
- conditioned (1)
- conditioned Feller diffusion (1)
- conjunction (1)
- constrained Hamiltonian systems (1)
- constructionism (1)
- consultation (1)
- consumer (1)
- contact layers (1)
- content knowledge (1)
- continuing education activities (1)
- control resynthesis (1)
- cooperative phenomena (1)
- cooperative transport (1)
- coordination complexes (1)
- copy number analyses (1)
- core-mantle boundary (1)
- corpus dataset (1)
- cosmic ray propagation (1)
- cost optimisation (1)
- counting (1)
- covalent frameworks (1)
- creativity (1)
- critical and subcritical Dawson-Watanabe process (1)
- critical collapse (1)
- critical zone (1)
- crops (1)
- cross-species capture (1)
- crosslinker (1)
- crowding out (1)
- cultivation (1)
- cultural pluralism (1)
- cyberaggression (1)
- cyclones (1)
- cytokines (1)
- cytosine methylation (1)
- cytosolic tRNA thiolation (1)
- daily home-made measurements (1)
- damage modelling (1)
- data integration (1)
- data profiling (1)
- data-mining (1)
- decomposition (1)
- decomposition methods (1)
- deductive databases (1)
- deep earthquakes and nuclear explosions (1)
- deep eutectic solvents (1)
- deep neural networks (1)
- deferred choice (1)
- definite article (1)
- definite descriptions (1)
- deformation (1)
- density effects (1)
- density-driven flow (1)
- dental eruption (1)
- deoxyfructosazine (1)
- depressive disorder (1)
- depressive symptoms (1)
- design of experiment (1)
- design thinking (1)
- detailed balance equation (1)
- deutsch-jüdische Geschichte (1)
- developing country cities (1)
- development (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diabetic (1)
- diamond anvil cell (1)
- dichlorbenzol (1)
- dichlorobenzene (1)
- dichtegetriebene Strömung (1)
- dielectrophoresis (1)
- differential-algebraic equations (1)
- digital technologies (1)
- digital transformation (1)
- digitalization (1)
- diketopiperazine (1)
- disaster risk reduction (1)
- disc (1)
- discotics (1)
- discourse comprehension (1)
- discrepancy principle (1)
- discrete choice (1)
- discrimination (1)
- disorder recognition (1)
- dispersal (1)
- displacement (1)
- distress (1)
- disturbance timing (1)
- diversity (1)
- doctoral studies (1)
- double dividend (1)
- drought events (1)
- drought intensity (1)
- drought projections (1)
- drought stress (1)
- drug-sensitivity prediction (1)
- dust emission (1)
- dwarf spheroidal galaxies (1)
- dünne Filme (1)
- e-learning platform (1)
- early indicators for SLI (1)
- earth mantle (1)
- earthquakes (1)
- eavesdropping (1)
- eccentric-plyometric (1)
- echolocation (1)
- ecology (1)
- economy (1)
- ecosystem restoration (1)
- efficiency (1)
- eicosanoids (1)
- elastic coupling (1)
- elastische Kopplung (1)
- elderly (1)
- elevated plus-maze (1)
- elf-determination theory (1)
- embodied cognition (1)
- emergency management (1)
- emergency-aid (1)
- emission line classification (1)
- emotion recognition (1)
- emotional regulation (1)
- emotional stress (1)
- employment precariousness (1)
- emulsion (1)
- enantioselectivity (1)
- encapsulation (1)
- endocardium (1)
- energy (1)
- energy levels (1)
- energy metabolism (1)
- engaged computing (1)
- enhanced geothermal system (1)
- enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) (1)
- enhancement (1)
- entrepreneurship policy (1)
- environmental pollution (1)
- environmental tax reform (1)
- environmental upgrading (1)
- enzymatic conjugation (1)
- enzymatically active membrane (1)
- enzyme immobilization (1)
- enzyme/polymer conjugate (1)
- epiphytes (1)
- equity crowdfunding (1)
- erosion (1)
- erythropoiesis (1)
- europäische Geschichte (1)
- everyday life (1)
- ex-situ focus (1)
- exercise cognition (1)
- exercise test (1)
- exercise training (1)
- exoplanet atmospheres (1)
- exoplanets (1)
- expandierbar (1)
- expansion (1)
- extensions of logic programs (1)
- external load (1)
- extinction debt (1)
- extracellular enzymes (1)
- extremophiles (1)
- eye movements (1)
- family (1)
- fear (1)
- fecal contamination (1)
- federated learning (1)
- feeling of presence (1)
- fence ecology (1)
- ferropericlase (1)
- fertilization (1)
- fiction (1)
- finance (1)
- financial access and inclusion (1)
- finite-size effects (1)
- firn (1)
- first-passage time (1)
- first-reaction time (1)
- fissure eruption (1)
- fitness (1)
- flood risk (1)
- flooding (1)
- floods (1)
- flow (1)
- fluorescence immunoassay (1)
- fluorinated polymers (1)
- foam (1)
- focus (1)
- focus marker (1)
- focus marking (1)
- focus movement (1)
- food access (1)
- food prices (1)
- food web (1)
- forestry (1)
- formal semantics (1)
- formate assimilation (1)
- forward / backward chaining (1)
- fractionation (1)
- fracture growth (1)
- frailty tool (1)
- frame index (1)
- frames of reference (1)
- freshwater (1)
- fruit (1)
- frustration (1)
- function symbols (1)
- functional performance (1)
- functional traits (1)
- fundamental parameters (1)
- fundamentale Parameter (1)
- fungal pathogens (1)
- fungi (1)
- fäkale Kontamination (1)
- gait (1)
- galactic astronomy (1)
- galactic magnetic fields (1)
- galaktische Astronomie (1)
- galaktische Magnetfelder (1)
- galaxy clusters (1)
- galaxy: general (1)
- games (1)
- gas geochemistry (1)
- gefangene lichtartige Kurven (1)
- gemeinsame Inversion (1)
- gender pay gap (1)
- general secondary education (1)
- generalized difference-in-difference (1)
- generalized logic programs (1)
- genome scan (1)
- geodynamics (1)
- geographische Großstudie (1)
- geomorphology (1)
- geothermal exploration (1)
- geothermal monitoring (1)
- geothermische Exploration (1)
- geothermische Überwachung (1)
- gepulster DPSS Laser (1)
- geschlossene Haubenmessmethode (1)
- glacier forefield (1)
- global flood model (1)
- global hydrological modeling (1)
- globale hydrologische Modellierung (1)
- globales Überschwemmungsmodell (1)
- glucose (1)
- goal-setting (1)
- grafting-from (1)
- graphs (1)
- grassland (1)
- grazer (1)
- grazing (1)
- green chemistry (1)
- greenhouse gases (1)
- gridded data (1)
- ground reaction forces (1)
- growth references (1)
- growth standards (1)
- growth tempo (1)
- großräumige Struktur des Universums (1)
- guideline (1)
- gyrochronology (1)
- habit formation (1)
- halogen bonding (1)
- happiness (1)
- hard core potential (1)
- hate crime (1)
- healthcare (1)
- heart rate (1)
- heat capacity (1)
- heat flux (1)
- heavy-chain-only antibody (1)
- height in history (1)
- heliozoa (1)
- heptazine (1)
- herbivore (1)
- herbivory (1)
- heteroatom-doped carbons (1)
- heteroatom-dotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- heterogene Katalyse (1)
- heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- hierarchical porosity (1)
- hierarchische Porosität (1)
- high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- high pressure (1)
- high-redshift (1)
- high-sodium (1)
- hillslope hydrology (1)
- hippocampal-prefrontal network (1)
- historical growth (1)
- history of science (1)
- hoher Rotverschiebung (1)
- home office (1)
- home range (1)
- homologous recombination deficiency (1)
- homology-directed repair (1)
- horizontal equity (1)
- horizontal-vertikales Spektralverhältnis (1)
- horizontaler Fluss (1)
- hospitalization (1)
- host galaxies (1)
- host-specificity (1)
- human capital (1)
- human physical conditioning (1)
- hybridization capture (1)
- hydraulische Risserzeugung (1)
- hydraulisches Aufbrechen (1)
- hydro-meteorological risk (1)
- hydro-meteorologische Risiken (1)
- hydrodynamic modeling (1)
- hydrodynamische Modellierung (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hyperaccumulation (1)
- hyperspectral remote sensing (1)
- hyperspektral Fernerkundung (1)
- hyporheic zone (1)
- hyporheische Zone (1)
- hysteresis (1)
- iPhone (1)
- ice core (1)
- ice sheet (1)
- ice-flow modeling (1)
- image (1)
- imaginary world (1)
- imaging spectroscopy (1)
- impact (1)
- implicit learning (1)
- in-service training (1)
- income (1)
- induced seismicity (1)
- inequality (1)
- inequality of opportunity (1)
- inflammation (1)
- influenza (1)
- informatics curricula (1)
- informatics education (1)
- informatics in upper secondary education (1)
- information and communication technologies (1)
- information structure (1)
- injection (1)
- injection scheme (1)
- injury risk (1)
- innovation laboratories (1)
- innovations in the city (1)
- inorganic ions (1)
- instruction (1)
- instrumental variables (1)
- insulin (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- integration (1)
- integration by parts formula (1)
- intellectual ability (1)
- intellectual history (1)
- intelligence (1)
- interacting particle systems (1)
- interface engineering (1)
- interfaces (1)
- intergroup contacts (1)
- internal load (1)
- international comparison (1)
- international cooperation (1)
- international study (1)
- internationalisation for higher education (1)
- interreligious dialogue (1)
- interreligiöser Dialog (1)
- intonation (1)
- intonation units (1)
- intra-organ-communication (1)
- intracellular transport (1)
- intracluster medium (1)
- intraguild predation (1)
- intrazellulärer Transport (1)
- inversion (1)
- ion mobility spectrometry (1)
- ion-exchange chromatography (1)
- ionothermal synthesis (1)
- isotope variations (1)
- job characteristics (1)
- joint inversion (1)
- just transition (1)
- jüdische Orthodoxie (1)
- kelp (1)
- kinematics (1)
- knots (1)
- knowledge representation (1)
- kolloidaler Quantenpunkt (1)
- komplexe Emulsion (1)
- komplexe Systeme (1)
- konfokales Laser-Scanning-Mikroskop (1)
- kooperative Phänomene (1)
- kooperativer Transport (1)
- kovalente Rahmenbedingungen (1)
- kritische Zone (1)
- kritischer Kollaps (1)
- kultureller Pluralismus (1)
- lab-on-chip (1)
- labor productivity (1)
- labour migration (1)
- lactate output (1)
- lacunae (1)
- lacuno-canalicular network (1)
- lake catchments (1)
- lake sediments (1)
- lakes (1)
- lakuno-kanaliculäres Netzwerk (1)
- land use (1)
- land use history (1)
- landscape transience (1)
- landwirtschaftlich (1)
- langreichweitige Korrelationen (1)
- language courses (1)
- large marsh grasshopper (1)
- large-scale structure (1)
- large-scale study (1)
- late talker (1)
- lava fountains (1)
- layered compounds (1)
- leadership (1)
- lebende Materialien (1)
- legal history (1)
- lesson (1)
- life history (1)
- light-programmable viscosity (1)
- lignin (1)
- linear enamel hypoplasia (1)
- linear sprint (1)
- linked employer-employee data (1)
- lipid peroxidation (1)
- lipids (1)
- liquid crystals (1)
- lithosphere (1)
- living materials (1)
- locus coeruleus (1)
- logic programming (1)
- logical signaling networks (1)
- logische Signalnetzwerke (1)
- long-memory (1)
- long-range dependence (1)
- low density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- low-back-pain (1)
- low-cost sensor (1)
- lubricant (1)
- luftgetragene Bakterien (1)
- lysimeter (1)
- ländliche Entwicklung (1)
- lösungsmittelfreie Synthese (1)
- macrostructure (1)
- magnetic fields (1)
- magnetism (1)
- magnetoelasticity (1)
- magnitude estimation (1)
- major depressive disorder (1)
- mandatory computer science foundations (1)
- manure application (1)
- market-entry game (1)
- markov processes (1)
- maschinelles Lernen (1)
- mass loss (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- massereiche Sterne (1)
- massive stars (1)
- math (1)
- mathematical development (1)
- mathematical precursor (1)
- mcgraph (1)
- measurement (1)
- mechanics (1)
- mechanische Stabilität (1)
- medical (1)
- medizinisch (1)
- mehrfache Stressfaktoren (1)
- mehrschichtige Verbindungen (1)
- memory studies (1)
- mental imagery (1)
- mental number line (1)
- mental simulation (1)
- mesoporous (1)
- mesoporös (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- meta-science (1)
- metabolic disease (1)
- metabolic engineering (1)
- metabolic genomics (1)
- metabolism (1)
- metabolite breeding (1)
- metabolite profiling (1)
- metabolome (1)
- metadata discovery (1)
- metadata quality (1)
- metamorphosis (1)
- metathesis (1)
- meteorological drought (1)
- meteorology (1)
- methane (1)
- methane cycle (1)
- methanogenic archaea (1)
- methanol assimilation (1)
- methanotrophic bacteria (1)
- methanoxidierende Bakterien (1)
- methanproduzierende Archaeen (1)
- methods (1)
- miRNAs (1)
- micro- and nanotechnologies (1)
- microbial communities (1)
- microbial processes (1)
- microcapsules (1)
- microfacies (1)
- microfluidics (1)
- microplastics (1)
- microplate (1)
- microstructure (1)
- microswimmers (1)
- microwave synthesis (1)
- microzonation (1)
- migrants (1)
- mikrobielle Gemeinschaften (1)
- mikrobielle Moor-Kerngemeinschaft (1)
- mikrobielle Prozesse (1)
- mild cognitive impairment (1)
- mindfulness-based stress reduction (1)
- mineral weathering reactions (1)
- mineralization (1)
- mini growth spurt (1)
- mining lakes (1)
- misconceptions (1)
- mitochondrial adaptation (1)
- mixed methods (1)
- mixture of bridges (1)
- mock data catalogues (1)
- modality (1)
- mode stability (1)
- model calibration (1)
- model validation (1)
- model-data integration (1)
- modelling (1)
- modifizierte räumliche Autkorrelationsmethode (1)
- molecular biomarkers (1)
- molecular species identification (1)
- molecular weaving (1)
- molekulare Biomarker (1)
- molybdenum cofactor (1)
- monochlorobenzene (1)
- monosaccharides (1)
- mortality (1)
- moss-associated archaea (1)
- moss-associated bacteria (1)
- moss-associated methanogenesis (1)
- moss-associated methanotrophy (1)
- moss-microbe-interactions (1)
- mother’s labor supply (1)
- motor-control-exercise (1)
- mountain rivers (1)
- movement (1)
- multi-valued logic (1)
- multi-valued treatment (1)
- multidisciplinary-therapy (1)
- multiple modalities (1)
- multiple stress factors (1)
- multiresponsiv (1)
- multiresponsive (1)
- multitype measure-valued branching processes (1)
- muscle metabolism (1)
- muscle strength (1)
- musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- museum specimens (1)
- myocardium (1)
- nZVI (1)
- nachhaltige Energiespeichermaterialien (1)
- nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung (1)
- nachhaltige industrielle Entwicklung (1)
- nachhaltiges Lieferkettenmanagement (1)
- nano zero-valent iron (1)
- nanobodies (1)
- nanoelectrodes (1)
- nanoporous carbon particles (1)
- nanoporöser Kohlenstoffpartikel (1)
- narrative (1)
- narrative skills (1)
- narrative structure (1)
- national multiplication training (1)
- national quality assurance agency in Guinea (1)
- natural field experiment (1)
- natural hazards (1)
- natural particle (1)
- need profiles (1)
- neovascularization (1)
- net-negative emissions (1)
- network reconstruction (1)
- networks (1)
- neurological disorders (1)
- neuromuscular (1)
- neutralization (1)
- neutron stars (1)
- nicht-thermische Strahlung (1)
- nichtgenestete Modellselektion (1)
- nichtlineare Geowissenschaften (1)
- nichtlineare Zeitreihenanalyse (1)
- nichtstationäres Hochwasserrisiko (1)
- nineteenth century (1)
- noise (1)
- non-Ricardian households (1)
- non-adjacent dependencies (1)
- non-manuals (1)
- non-nested model selection (1)
- non-thermal radiation (1)
- nonlinear dynamics (1)
- nonlinear operator (1)
- nonlinear optics (1)
- nonlinear time series analysis (1)
- northern peatlands (1)
- novel biomarkers (1)
- nucleic acids (1)
- number knowledge (1)
- numerical astrophysics (1)
- numerical development (1)
- numerical relativity (1)
- numerical skills (1)
- numerische Astrophysik (1)
- numerische Relativitätstheorie (1)
- nutrition (1)
- nutritional status (1)
- nördliche Moore (1)
- object search (1)
- objective health measures (1)
- offene Daten (1)
- older patients (1)
- oncology (1)
- open data (1)
- open-field (1)
- optical properties (1)
- optimal rate (1)
- optische Eigenschaften (1)
- optode (1)
- oracles (1)
- organic matter (1)
- organic-inorganic hybrids (1)
- organisch-anorganische Hybride (1)
- organische Bodensubstanz (1)
- organisches Material (1)
- ortsverteile faseroptische Dehnungsmessung (1)
- oscillating bubble (1)
- osteuropäisch-jüdische Geschichte (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxocarbon (1)
- oxygen (1)
- oxygen consumption (1)
- p-type ATPase (1)
- pace of life (1)
- paleoclimate (1)
- paleolimnology (1)
- pandemic (1)
- paraconsistency (1)
- parentage (1)
- participatory didactics (1)
- past biosphere (1)
- patent (1)
- peacebuilding (1)
- peak height velocity (1)
- peatland core microbiome (1)
- peatland development (1)
- pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) (1)
- pedagogical reasoning (1)
- peptide (1)
- peptide biomarkers (1)
- peptide synthesis (1)
- peptide-polymer conjugate (1)
- peptides (1)
- performance (1)
- performance evaluation (1)
- periglacial landscape evolution (1)
- periglacial landscapes (1)
- periglaziale Landschaften (1)
- periglaziale Landschaftsentwicklung (1)
- periodic entanglement (1)
- permafrost degradation (1)
- permafrost ecosystems (1)
- permafrost sediments (1)
- perovskite solar cells (1)
- personal initiative (1)
- pervasive learning (1)
- petri net (1)
- petrothermales System (EGS) (1)
- phase synchronization (1)
- phonetics (1)
- phonotaxis (1)
- phosphoproteomics (1)
- photochemical reactions (1)
- photoinduced electron transfer (1)
- photosystem I (1)
- photovoltaic (1)
- physical activity (1)
- physical fitness (1)
- physical time (1)
- physics (1)
- plant science (1)
- plateau uplift (1)
- playback (1)
- pluvial flooding (1)
- plyometric exercise (1)
- point-of-care (1)
- policy (1)
- political opportunism (1)
- political speech (1)
- pollution (1)
- polyenoic fatty acids (1)
- polymer network (1)
- polymerization (1)
- polyneuropathy (1)
- population density (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- porous materials (1)
- poröse Materialien (1)
- post-depositional (1)
- post-natal (1)
- poultry manure (1)
- pragmatics (1)
- pre-natal (1)
- precaution (1)
- precuneus (1)
- predictive models (1)
- preschool children (1)
- preschoolers (1)
- prevention (1)
- priming (1)
- print culture (1)
- privacy and security (1)
- privacy attack (1)
- private households (1)
- probabilistic (1)
- probabilistic approach (1)
- probabilistischer Ansatz (1)
- problem solving (1)
- processing (1)
- processing of phonological details (1)
- productivity slowdown (1)
- professional development (1)
- programmable friction (1)
- promises (1)
- propellers (1)
- property taxes (1)
- proposal writing (1)
- prosocial (1)
- prosody (1)
- prostaglandin-f2-alpha (1)
- protein (1)
- protein modification (1)
- proteome (1)
- proxy uncertainty (1)
- proxy understanding (1)
- psycho-oncology (1)
- psychoeducation (1)
- psychopathology (1)
- psychophysiological (1)
- psychotherapy process (1)
- pubertal timing (1)
- public good (1)
- public health (1)
- public universities in Kenya (1)
- pulsed DPSS laser (1)
- pupil diameter (1)
- purification (1)
- quality (1)
- quality assurance (1)
- quality assurance in Guinean higher education (1)
- quality assurance structures (1)
- quality culture (1)
- quality evaluation (1)
- quality in higher education (1)
- quasiparticle interactions (1)
- questioning solutions (1)
- rabbis (1)
- radiative transfer (1)
- random sampling (1)
- reactive transport (1)
- reaktiver Transport (1)
- receptor (1)
- reciprocal processes (1)
- reciprocal relationship (1)
- reconciliation (1)
- recurrence analysis (1)
- redistribution (1)
- redox state (1)
- refined consensus model (RCM) (1)
- reflective breadth (1)
- reflective depth (1)
- reflective skills (1)
- regime shifts (1)
- regularization (1)
- regulation of growth (1)
- reionization (1)
- relative clause (1)
- relativistic hydrodynamics (1)
- relativistische Hydrodynamik (1)
- religious education (1)
- religiöse Bildung (1)
- remediation (1)
- remote sensing data (1)
- remote teaching (1)
- removal subsidies (1)
- renewable energy subsidies (1)
- repetition (1)
- representative longitudinal survey data (1)
- representative real-time survey data (1)
- reproductive success (1)
- research design (1)
- resilience (1)
- resistance training (1)
- resource-tracking (1)
- response inhibition (1)
- response styles theory (1)
- response time (1)
- resting-state fMRI (1)
- return level estimation (1)
- return-to-sport (1)
- returns to education (1)
- revenue recycling (1)
- reversed-phase chromatography (1)
- reversible measure (1)
- review (1)
- rheumatic diseases (1)
- rift (1)
- riparian zone (1)
- rising bubble (1)
- risk attitudes (1)
- risk management (1)
- robot (1)
- role-play (1)
- rotation (1)
- rotifer (1)
- rule learning (1)
- rumination (1)
- runners (1)
- running mechanics (1)
- rural (1)
- rural development (1)
- russische Arktis (1)
- räumlich explizit (1)
- räumlich explizites Modell (1)
- räumliche Analyse (1)
- räumliche Autkorrelationsmethode (1)
- räumliche Autokorrelation (1)
- sAA (1)
- salt melt (1)
- salt melt templating (1)
- salt rock (1)
- sandige Böden (1)
- sandy soils (1)
- saprolite (1)
- scaling (1)
- scene memorization (1)
- scene viewing (1)
- schema discovery (1)
- school health examinations (1)
- schwarze Löcher (1)
- science (1)
- science teaching (1)
- sea ice (1)
- sea-level rise (1)
- seasonality (1)
- secular changes (1)
- sedaDNA (1)
- sedentary (1)
- sediment core (1)
- sedimentary record (1)
- segmentation (1)
- seismic noise (1)
- seismisches Rauschen (1)
- selenite (1)
- selenium (1)
- selenoneine (1)
- self-control (1)
- self-employed (1)
- self-healing coatings (1)
- self-organization (1)
- self-rated health (1)
- self-similarity (1)
- selfefficacy (1)
- seltenes und saisonunübliches Hochwasser (1)
- semantic incongruity (1)
- semantics (1)
- senescence (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- serial reaction time (SRT) task (1)
- seston (1)
- shared leadership (1)
- shell-like geometries (1)
- short-term growth (1)
- sign languages (1)
- signal propagation (1)
- signal transition graph (1)
- silica nanoparticles (1)
- silicon (1)
- simulation (1)
- simulation framework (1)
- single case analysis (1)
- single domain antibodies (1)
- single-atom catalysis (1)
- single-case design (1)
- single-case experimental design (1)
- single-molecule force spectroscopy (1)
- site characterization (1)
- site effects (1)
- situated learning (1)
- skeletal age (1)
- smart contracts (1)
- snow thermal conductivity (1)
- social capital (1)
- social class (1)
- social cognition training (1)
- social environment (1)
- social networking (1)
- social status insecurity (1)
- socioeconomy (1)
- sodium-ion batteries (1)
- soft and hard templating (1)
- soft information (1)
- soil (1)
- soil analysis (1)
- soil organic matter (1)
- solitary bees (1)
- soliton (1)
- solvent-free reactions (1)
- sonography (1)
- sortagging (1)
- sortaseA (1)
- sorting (1)
- source model (1)
- source-to-sink (1)
- southern Turkey (1)
- space-time Gibbs field (1)
- spatial analyses (1)
- spatial frequencies (1)
- spatial language (1)
- spatial updating (1)
- special education (1)
- species richness (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- speech (1)
- speed (1)
- speed independent (1)
- sphäroidische Zwerggalaxien (1)
- spin resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- spin-orbit coupling (1)
- spinaufgelöste Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- spindown (1)
- spiropyran copolymer (1)
- spoken discourse (1)
- sport-specific performance (1)
- sports (1)
- spreadsheets (1)
- squaric acid (1)
- stabile Isotope (1)
- stabile Schichtung (1)
- stable stratification (1)
- stag-hunt game (1)
- stalagmites (1)
- standardized patient (1)
- standardized patient information (1)
- standards (1)
- standing long jump (1)
- star-brown dwarf systems (1)
- star-planet interaction (1)
- star-planet systems (1)
- starch granule (1)
- starch granule morphology (1)
- starch granule size (1)
- starch metabolism (1)
- stark eutektisches Lösungsmittel (1)
- stars: distances (1)
- statistical physics (1)
- statistics (1)
- statistische Physik (1)
- steep-angle analysis of PcP (1)
- steigende Blasen (1)
- stellar content (1)
- stellar evolution (1)
- stellar physics (1)
- stellar winds (1)
- stellarer Inhalt (1)
- step-growth polymerization (1)
- stimuli (1)
- stimuli-sensitivity (1)
- stochastic bridge (1)
- stochastic resetting (1)
- stocking capacity (1)
- storm tracks (1)
- strategic-uncertainty attitudes (1)
- stratification (1)
- stratigraphy (1)
- stress (1)
- stress field (1)
- stress intervention (1)
- stress management (1)
- stress measurement (1)
- strike-slip (1)
- striking combat sports (1)
- structural and operational changes (1)
- structural equation model (1)
- structural geology (1)
- study designs (1)
- study protocol (1)
- styrene (1)
- subduction (1)
- subjective survival probability (1)
- subsidence history (1)
- subtraction (1)
- sulfite oxidase (1)
- supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) (1)
- supernova remnants (1)
- surface chemistry (1)
- surface processes (1)
- surface rheology (1)
- surface states (1)
- surfactants (1)
- survey (1)
- sustainable development (1)
- sustainable energy storage materials (1)
- sustainable industrial development (1)
- sustainable supply chain management (1)
- switchSENSE (1)
- switchSENSE Technologie (1)
- symplectic methods (1)
- synchrotron radiation (1)
- syntax (1)
- systems biology (1)
- sättigbarer Absorber (1)
- tVNS (1)
- taekwondo electronic scoring system (1)
- taekwondo-specific testing (1)
- talk-in-interaction (1)
- tandem solar cell (1)
- tangles (1)
- target capture (1)
- tax competition (1)
- taxpayer subsidies (1)
- teacher (1)
- teacher education (1)
- teacher learning (1)
- teacher quality (1)
- teacher training (1)
- teaching material (1)
- teaching practice (1)
- tectonics (1)
- temperature proxy (1)
- temperature variability (1)
- tendinosis (1)
- terms-of-trade effects (1)
- terrestrial water storage variation (1)
- test items (1)
- therapist competence (1)
- thermoelectricity (1)
- thermokarst processes (1)
- thin films (1)
- thioester (1)
- thylakoid membranes (1)
- tidal interactions (1)
- tillage (1)
- time reversal (1)
- time reversal symmetry (1)
- time-efficient exercise (1)
- tone languages (1)
- topics (1)
- topography (1)
- topological insulators (1)
- topologische Isolatoren (1)
- top– down (1)
- toxicity (1)
- trace gas fluxes (1)
- trade (1)
- training (1)
- training adaptation (1)
- training for sustainability (1)
- training programme (1)
- transatlantic history (1)
- transatlantische Geschichte (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transdisciplinary (1)
- transformative justice (1)
- transition economy (1)
- transition metals (1)
- transitional justice (1)
- translation (1)
- trapping (1)
- travel (1)
- treatment effects (1)
- treatment integrity (1)
- triazine (1)
- triglycerides (1)
- tug-of-war (1)
- turbulence (1)
- turbulence parameterizations (1)
- two-dimensional (1)
- type 2 diabetes (1)
- type specimens (1)
- typology (1)
- ultra-high energy cosmic rays (1)
- ultra-low velocity zones (1)
- ultrafast (1)
- ultrahochenergetische kosmische Strahlung (1)
- ultraschnell (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- uncaring (1)
- uncertainty analysis (1)
- unemotional (1)
- unemployment (1)
- ungulate (1)
- unilateral climate policy (1)
- university leadership in Malaysia (1)
- university management (1)
- urban (1)
- urban growth (1)
- usability (1)
- varves (1)
- vegetation (1)
- vegetation model (1)
- velocity model (1)
- verbal irony (1)
- verbale Ironie (1)
- verbesserte geothermische Systeme (1)
- vertikaler Fluss (1)
- veterinary cordon fence (1)
- vicious cycle (1)
- video analysis (1)
- virus infection (1)
- vocational education (1)
- voice (1)
- volcanic tremor (1)
- volcano deformation (1)
- volcanology (1)
- voting (1)
- voucher (1)
- vulkanischer Tremor (1)
- water balance (1)
- water rock interactions (1)
- water sports (1)
- weak definites (1)
- wealth (1)
- weathering feedback (1)
- web-based (1)
- weiche und harte Templatierung (1)
- welfare and gender regimes (1)
- wide-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- wildlife and habitat management (1)
- wind erosion (1)
- wind gusts (1)
- winderosion (1)
- windfall gains (1)
- winkelaufgelöste Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- workflow patterns (1)
- working memory (1)
- yellow flags (1)
- youth soccer (1)
- youth sport (1)
- youth sports (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zentral-östliches Beringia (1)
- zentralen Anden (1)
- zinc (1)
- µCT (1)
- Änderungen des Hochwassers (1)
- Ätna (1)
- Ökotoxikologie (1)
- Übergangsjustiz (1)
- Übergangsmetalle (1)
- Überschwemmungen (1)
- Þeistareykir Iceland (1)
- Þeistareykir Island (1)
- ökologisches Upgrading (1)
- ökonomische Auswirkungen (1)
- überkritisches Kohlendioxid (scCO₂) (1)
- α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (1)
- social network analysis (1)
- team creativity (1)
- intrapreneurship (1)
Institute
- Extern (646) (remove)
Desperados at Sea
(2023)
Pirates are fortune-seeking fighters at sea. Their exploits fire the imaginations of their victims and admirers, drawing a veil over individuals who rarely bear a real name and pursue their adventurous occupations as buccaneers, filibusters, freebooters, privateers, pirates, or corsairs. Piracy, corsairing, and contraband trade were epidemic among the Egyptians and the Phoenicians, the Greeks and the Vikings, the Spaniards and the Ottomans, the Muslims, and the Christians. And the Jews.
“Israel am Meere”
(2023)
For Jews in Germany, the period following the Nazis’ rise to power in January 1933 was a period of decision-making on many levels: How should they respond to the persecution? If they decided to emigrate, many more decisions had to be made: How does one leave a country, and where should one go? A key moment in the process and in the cultural practice of emigration is the beginning of the sea voyage – when the need for departure and the hope for a new arrival jointly create a period of liminality. Looking at reports from sea voyages of exploration and emigration from the 1930s, this contribution discusses the question whether, and in what ways, such reflections can be read in the context of religious experiences and in the search for Jewish identities in times of turmoil.
“Creating a Maritime Future”
(2023)
This article explores the importance of the port city of Hamburg in the evolving discourses on the creation of a maritime future, a vision which became influential in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. While some Jewish representatives in the city aimed at preserving and intertwining Hanseatic and Jewish traditions in order to secure a Jewish presence in the port city under the pressure of the Nazi regime and thereafter, others wanted to create new emigration opportunities, especially to Mandatory Palestine, and create a Jewish maritime future in Eretz Israel. Different Zionist organizations supported the newly evolving maritime ideas, such as the “conquest of the sea”, and promoted the image of a Jewish seafaring nation. Despite the difficulties in the 1940s, these concepts gained influence post-1945 and led to the foundation of the fishery kibbutz “Zerubavel” in Blankenese/Hamburg. However, the idea of a Hanseatic Jewish future also remained influential and illustrates how differently a “Jewish maritime future” was imagined and used to link past, present and future.
Jacob Brandon Maduro’s Memoirs and Related Observations (Havana, 1953) speak to the lasting yet malleable legacy of Jewish Caribbean/Atlantic mercantile communities that defined early modern settlement in the Americas. A close reading of the Memoirs, alongside relevant archival records and community narratives, lends new perspectives to scholarship on Port Jewries and the Atlantic Diaspora. Specifically concerned with Jacob’s adoption of such leading intellectual and political tropes as the Monroe doctrine, José Martí’s Nuestra America, and a Zionism that evolved from an ideology to a reality, the Memoirs reveal a narrative at once defined by the tremendous upheavals of the first half of the 20th century, and an enduring sense of Jewish diasporic peoplehood defined through a Port Jew paradigm whereby the preservation of Jewish ethnicity is understood as synonymous with the championing of modernity.
Twenty-four scientists met for the annual Auxological conference held at Krobielowice castle, Poland, to discuss the diverse influences of the environment and of social behavior on growth following last year’s focus on growth and public health concerns (Hermanussen et al., 2022b). Growth and final body size exhibit marked plastic responses to ecological conditions. Among the shortest are the pygmoid people of Rampasasa, Flores, Indonesia, who still live under most secluded insular conditions. Genetics and nutrition are usually considered responsible for the poor growth in many parts of this world, but evidence is accumulating on the prominent impact of social embedding on child growth. Secular trends not only in the growth of height, but also in body proportions, accompany the secular changes in the social, economic and political conditions, with major influences on the emotional and educational circumstances under which the children grow up (Bogin, 2021). Aspects of developmental tempo and aspects of sports were discussed, and the impact of migration by the example of women from Bangladesh who grew up in the UK. Child growth was considered in particular from the point of view of strategic adjustments of individual size within the network of its social group. Theoretical considerations on network characteristics were presented and related to the evolutionary conservation of growth regulating hypothalamic neuropeptides that have been shown to link behavior and physical growth in the vertebrate species. New statistical approaches were presented for the evaluation of short term growth measurements that permit monitoring child growth at intervals of a few days and weeks.
Background: Assessing short-term growth in humans is still fraught with difficulties. Especially when looking for small variations and increments, such as mini growth spurts, high precision instruments or frequent measurements are necessary. Daily measurements however require a lot of effort, both for anthropologists and for the subjects. Therefore, new sophisticated approaches are needed that reduce fluctuations and reveal underlying patterns.
Objectives: Changepoints are abrupt variations in the properties of time series data. In the context of growth, such variations could be variation in mean height. By adjusting the variance and using different growth models, we assessed the ability of changepoint analysis to analyse short-term growth and detect mini growth spurts.
Sample and Methods: We performed Bayesian changepoint analysis on simulated growth data using the bcp package in R. Simulated growth patterns included stasis, linear growth, catch-up growth, and mini growth spurts. Specificity and a normalised variant of the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) were used to assess the algorithm’s performance. Welch’s t-test was used to compare differences of the mean.
Results: First results show that changepoint analysis can detect mini growth spurts. However, the ability to detect mini growth spurts is highly dependent on measurement error. Data preparation, such as ranking and rotating time series data, showed negligible improvements. Missing data was an issue and may affect the prediction quality of the classification metrics.
Conclusion: Changepoint analysis is a promising tool to analyse short-term growth. However, further optimisation and analysis of real growth data is needed to make broader generalisations.
Human growth data analysis and statistics – the 5th Gülpe International Student Summer School
(2023)
The Summer School in Gülpe (Ecological Station of the University of Potsdam) offers an exceptional learning opportunity for students to apply their knowledge and skills to real-world problems. With the guidance of experienced human biologists, statisticians, and programmers, students have the unique chance to analyze their own data and gain valuable insights. This interdisciplinary setting not only bridges different research areas but also leads to highly valuable outputs. The progress of students within just a few days is truly remarkable, especially when they are motivated and receive immediate feedback on their questions, problems, and results. The Summer School covers a wide range of topics, with this year’s focus mainly on two areas: understanding the impact of socioeconomic and physiological factors on human development and mastering statistical techniques for analyzing data such as changepoint analysis and the St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA) to visualize interacting variables. The latter technique, born out of the Summer School’s emphasis on gaining comprehensive data insights and understanding major relationships, has proven to be a valuable tool for researchers in the field. The articles in this special issue demonstrate that the Summer School in Gülpe stands as a testament to the power of practical learning and collaboration. Students who attend not only gain hands-on experience but also benefit from the expertise of professionals and the opportunity to engage with peers from diverse disciplines.
No evidence of growth impairment after forced migration in Polish school children after World War II
(2023)
Background: Migration is omnipresent. It can come hand in hand with emotional stress which is known to influence the growth of children.
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse whether type of migration (forced or voluntary) and the geographic direction had influenced the growth of Polish children after World War II.
Sample and Methods: A sub dataset of 2,208 individuals between the ages of 2-20, created from data of the 2nd Polish Anthropological Survey carried out in 1966–1969, including anthropometrical data and social and demographic information based on questionnaire, was used to analyse migration effects.
Results: No association could be found between the direction of migration and the height of the children. The confidence intervals of the means of all classified migration categories overlap significantly and the effect size of the influence of migration category on height is ds=.140, which is too low to see any effects, even if there were one.
Conclusion: Neither forced nor voluntary migration in Poland after World War II led to a change in height in children of migrating families.
Nutrition, size, and tempo
(2023)
Nutrition is a prerequisite, but not a regulator of growth. Growth is defined as increase in size over time. The understanding of growth includes an understanding of the binary concept of physical time and individual tempo. Excess food causes tempo acceleration. Food restriction delays tempo. Tempo reflects the pace of life. It is a dynamic physical response to a broad spectrum of social, economic, political, and emotional (SEPE) factors and can affect life expectancy. Variations in tempo create distortions of the z-score patterns of height and weight. Illness or intermediate food shortage lead to intermediate halts in development and create short dips in the z-score patterns. Children who develop throughout life at delayed pace usually run at lower z-scores for height and weight, and show a characteristic adolescent trough; children who develop throughout life at faster than average pace usually run at higher z-scores and show a characteristic adolescent peak in their z-score patterns. During adolescence, almost half of the height variance is due to tempo variation. There is not one tempo for the whole body. Different organ systems grow and mature at different pace.
What does stunting tell us?
(2023)
Stunting is commonly linked with undernutrition. Yet, already after World War I, German pediatricians questioned this link and stated that no association exists between nutrition and height. Recent analyses within different populations of Low- and middle-income countries with high rates of stunted children failed to support the assumption that stunted children have a low BMI and skinfold sickness as signs of severe caloric deficiency. So, stunting is not a synonym of malnutrition. Parental education level has a positive influence on body height in stunted populations, e.g., in India and in Indonesia. Socially disadvantaged children tend to be shorter and lighter than children from affluent families.
Humans are social mammals; they regulate growth similar to other social mammals. Also in humans, body height is strongly associated with the position within the social hierarchy, reflecting the personal and group-specific social, economic, political, and emotional environment. These non-nutritional impact factors on growth are summarized by the concept of SEPE (Social-Economic-Political-Emotional) factors. SEPE reflects on prestige, dominance-subordination, social identity, and ego motivation of individuals and social groups.
Under Brazil's ex-president Bolsonaro, deforestation of the Amazon increased dramatically. An Austrian NGO filed a complaint to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) against Bolsonaro in October 2021, accusing him of crimes against humanity against the backdrop of his involvement in environmental destruction. This paper deals with the question of whether this initi-ative constitutes a promising means of juridification to mitigate conflicts revolving around mass deforestation in Brazil. It thematizes attempts to juridify environmental destruction in international criminal law and examines the Climate Fund Case at the Brazilian Supreme Court. Finally, emerging problems and arguments in favour of starting preliminary examinations at the ICC against Bolsonaro are illuminated. This paper provides arguments as to why the initiative might be a promising undertaking, even though it is unlikely that Bolsonaro will be arrested.
In the last century, several astronomical measurements have supported that a significant percentage (about 22%) of the total mass of the Universe, on galactic and extragalactic scales, is composed of a mysterious ”dark” matter (DM). DM does not interact with the electromagnetic force; in other words it does not reflect, absorb or emit light. It is possible that DM particles are weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) that can annihilate (or decay) into Standard Model (SM) particles, and modern very- high-energy (VHE; > 100 GeV) instruments such as imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) can play an important role in constraining the main properties of such DM particles, by detecting these products. One of the most privileged targets where to look for DM signal are dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs), as they are expected to be high DM-dominated objects with a clean, gas-free environment. Some dSphs could be considered as extended sources, considering the angular resolution of IACTs; their angu- lar resolution is adequate to detect extended emission from dSphs. For this reason, we performed an extended-source analysis, by taking into account in the unbinned maximum likelihood estimation both the energy and the angular extension dependency of observed events. The goal was to set more constrained upper limits on the velocity-averaged cross-section annihilation of WIMPs with VERITAS data. VERITAS is an array of four IACTs, able to detect γ-ray photons ranging between 100 GeV and 30 TeV. The results of this extended analysis were compared against the traditional spectral analysis. We found that a 2D analysis may lead to more constrained results, depending on the DM mass, channel, and source. Moreover, in this thesis, the results of a multi-instrument project are presented too. Its goal was to combine already published 20 dSphs data from five different experiments, such as Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, H.E.S.S., VERITAS and HAWC, in order to set upper limits on the WIMP annihilation cross-section in the widest mass range ever reported.
Earthquake modeling is the key to a profound understanding of a rupture. Its kinematics or dynamics are derived from advanced rupture models that allow, for example, to reconstruct the direction and velocity of the rupture front or the evolving slip distribution behind the rupture front. Such models are often parameterized by a lattice of interacting sub-faults with many degrees of freedom, where, for example, the time history of the slip and rake on each sub-fault are inverted. To avoid overfitting or other numerical instabilities during a finite-fault estimation, most models are stabilized by geometric rather than physical constraints such as smoothing.
As a basis for the inversion approach of this study, we build on a new pseudo-dynamic rupture model (PDR) with only a few free parameters and a simple geometry as a physics-based solution of an earthquake rupture. The PDR derives the instantaneous slip from a given stress drop on the fault plane, with boundary conditions on the developing crack surface guaranteed at all times via a boundary element approach. As a side product, the source time function on each point on the rupture plane is not constraint and develops by itself without additional parametrization. The code was made publicly available as part of the Pyrocko and Grond Python packages. The approach was compared with conventional modeling for different earthquakes. For example, for the Mw 7.1 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake, the effects of geometric changes in the rupture surface on the slip and slip rate distributions could be reproduced by simply projecting stress vectors. For the Mw 7.5 2018 Palu, Indonesia, strike-slip earthquake, we also modelled rupture propagation using the 2D Eikonal equation and assuming a linear relationship between rupture and shear wave velocity. This allowed us to give a deeper and faster propagating rupture front and the resulting upward refraction as a new possible explanation for the apparent supershear observed at the Earth's surface.
The thesis investigates three aspects of earthquake inversion using PDR: (1) to test whether implementing a simplified rupture model with few parameters into a probabilistic Bayesian scheme without constraining geometric parameters is feasible, and whether this leads to fast and robust results that can be used for subsequent fast information systems (e.g., ground motion predictions). (2) To investigate whether combining broadband and strong-motion seismic records together with near-field ground deformation data improves the reliability of estimated rupture models in a Bayesian inversion. (3) To investigate whether a complex rupture can be represented by the inversion of multiple PDR sources and for what type of earthquakes this is recommended.
I developed the PDR inversion approach and applied the joint data inversions to two seismic sequences in different tectonic settings. Using multiple frequency bands and a multiple source inversion approach, I captured the multi-modal behaviour of the Mw 8.2 2021 South Sandwich subduction earthquake with a large, curved and slow rupturing shallow earthquake bounded by two faster and deeper smaller events. I could cross-validate the results with other methods, i.e., P-wave energy back-projection, a clustering analysis of aftershocks and a simple tsunami forward model.
The joint analysis of ground deformation and seismic data within a multiple source inversion also shed light on an earthquake triplet, which occurred in July 2022 in SE Iran. From the inversion and aftershock relocalization, I found indications for a vertical separation between the shallower mainshocks within the sedimentary cover and deeper aftershocks at the sediment-basement interface. The vertical offset could be caused by the ductile response of the evident salt layer to stress perturbations from the mainshocks.
The applications highlight the versatility of the simple PDR in probabilistic seismic source inversion capturing features of rather different, complex earthquakes. Limitations, as the evident focus on the major slip patches of the rupture are discussed as well as differences to other finite fault modeling methods.
Recurrences in past climates
(2023)
Our ability to predict the state of a system relies on its tendency to recur to states it has visited before. Recurrence also pervades common intuitions about the systems we are most familiar with: daily routines, social rituals and the return of the seasons are just a few relatable examples. To this end, recurrence plots (RP) provide a systematic framework to quantify the recurrence of states. Despite their conceptual simplicity, they are a versatile tool in the study of observational data. The global climate is a complex system for which an understanding based on observational data is not only of academical relevance, but vital for the predurance of human societies within the planetary boundaries. Contextualizing current global climate change, however, requires observational data far beyond the instrumental period. The palaeoclimate record offers a valuable archive of proxy data but demands methodological approaches that adequately address its complexities. In this regard, the following dissertation aims at devising novel and further developing existing methods in the framework of recurrence analysis (RA). The proposed research questions focus on using RA to capture scale-dependent properties in nonlinear time series and tailoring recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) to characterize seasonal variability in palaeoclimate records (‘Palaeoseasonality’).
In the first part of this thesis, we focus on the methodological development of novel approaches in RA. The predictability of nonlinear (palaeo)climate time series is limited by abrupt transitions between regimes that exhibit entirely different dynamical complexity (e.g. crossing of ‘tipping points’). These possibly depend on characteristic time scales. RPs are well-established for detecting transitions and capture scale-dependencies, yet few approaches have combined both aspects. We apply existing concepts from the study of self-similar textures to RPs to detect abrupt transitions, considering the most relevant time scales. This combination of methods further results in the definition of a novel recurrence based nonlinear dependence measure. Quantifying lagged interactions between multiple variables is a common problem, especially in the characterization of high-dimensional complex systems. The proposed ‘recurrence flow’ measure of nonlinear dependence offers an elegant way to characterize such couplings. For spatially extended complex systems, the coupled dynamics of local variables result in the emergence of spatial patterns. These patterns tend to recur in time. Based on this observation, we propose a novel method that entails dynamically distinct regimes of atmospheric circulation based on their recurrent spatial patterns. Bridging the two parts of this dissertation, we next turn to methodological advances of RA for the study of Palaeoseasonality. Observational series of palaeoclimate ‘proxy’ records involve inherent limitations, such as irregular temporal sampling. We reveal biases in the RQA of time series with a non-stationary sampling rate and propose a correction scheme.
In the second part of this thesis, we proceed with applications in Palaeoseasonality. A review of common and promising time series analysis methods shows that numerous valuable tools exist, but their sound application requires adaptions to archive-specific limitations and consolidating transdisciplinary knowledge. Next, we study stalagmite proxy records from the Central Pacific as sensitive recorders of mid-Holocene El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics. The records’ remarkably high temporal resolution allows to draw links between ENSO and seasonal dynamics, quantified by RA. The final study presented here examines how seasonal predictability could play a role for the stability of agricultural societies. The Classic Maya underwent a period of sociopolitical disintegration that has been linked to drought events. Based on seasonally resolved stable isotope records from Yok Balum cave in Belize, we propose a measure of seasonal predictability. It unveils the potential role declining seasonal predictability could have played in destabilizing agricultural and sociopolitical systems of Classic Maya populations.
The methodological approaches and applications presented in this work reveal multiple exciting future research avenues, both for RA and the study of Palaeoseasonality.
Solar photocatalysis is the one of leading concepts of research in the current paradigm of sustainable chemical industry. For actual practical implementation of sunlight-driven catalytic processes in organic synthesis, a cheap, efficient, versatile and robust heterogeneous catalyst is necessary. Carbon nitrides are a class of organic semiconductors who are known to fulfill these requirements.
First, current state of solar photocatalysis in economy, industry and lab research is overviewed, outlining EU project funding, prospective synthetic and reforming bulk processes, small scale solar organic chemistry, and existing reactor designs and prototypes, concluding feasibility of the approach.
Then, the photocatalytic aerobic cleavage of oximes to corresponding aldehydes and ketones by anionic poly(heptazine imide) carbon nitride is discussed. The reaction provides a feasible method of deprotection and formation of carbonyl compounds from nitrosation products and serves as a convenient model to study chromoselectivity and photophysics of energy transfer in heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Afterwards, the ability of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride to conduct proton-coupled electron transfer was utilized for the direct oxygenation of 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones to corresponding 1,3-oxazlidine-2,4-diones. This reaction provides an easier access to a key scaffold of diverse types of drugs and agrochemicals.
Finally, a series of novel carbon nitrides based on poly(triazine imide) and poly(heptazine imide) structure was synthesized from cyanamide and potassium rhodizonate. These catalysts demonstrated a good performance in a set of photocatalytic benchmark reactions, including aerobic oxidation, dual nickel photoredox catalysis, hydrogen peroxide evolution and chromoselective transformation of organosulfur precursors.
Concluding, the scope of carbon nitride utilization for net-oxidative and net-neutral photocatalytic processes was expanded, and a new tunable platform for catalyst synthesis was discovered.
Reactive eutectic media based on ammonium formate for the valorization of bio-sourced materials
(2023)
In the last several decades eutectic mixtures of different compositions were successfully used as solvents for vast amount of chemical processes, and only relatively recently they were discovered to be widely spread in nature. As such they are discussed as a third liquid media of the living cell, that is composed of common cell metabolites. Such media may also incorporate water as a eutectic component in order to regulate properties such as enzyme activity or viscosity. Taking inspiration form such sophisticated use of eutectic mixtures, this thesis will explore the use of reactive eutectic media (REM) for organic synthesis. Such unconventional media are characterized by the reactivity of their components, which means that mixture may assume the role of the solvent as well as the reactant itself.
The thesis focuses on novel REM based on ammonium formate and investigates their potential for the valorization of bio-sourced materials. The use of REM allows the performance of a number of solvent-free reactions, which entails the benefits of a superior atom and energy economy, higher yields and faster rates compared to reactions in solution. This is evident for the Maillard reaction between ammonium formate and various monosaccharides for the synthesis of substituted pyrazines as well as for a Leuckart type reaction between ammonium formate and levulinic acid for the synthesis of 5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Furthermore, reaction of ammonium formate with citric acid for the synthesis of yet undiscovered fluorophores, shows that synthesis in REM can open up unexpected reaction pathways.
Another focus of the thesis is the study of water as a third component in the REM. As a result, the concept of two different dilution regimes (tertiary REM and in REM in solvent) appears useful for understanding the influence of water. It is shown that small amounts of water can be of great benefit for the reaction, by reducing viscosity and at the same time increasing reaction yields.
REM based on ammonium formate and organic acids are employed for lignocellulosic biomass treatment. The thesis thereby introduces an alternative approach towards lignocellulosic biomass fractionation that promises a considerable process intensification by the simultaneous generation of cellulose and lignin as well as the production of value-added chemicals from REM components. The thesis investigates the generated cellulose and the pathway to nanocellulose generation and also includes the structural analysis of extracted lignin.
Finally, the thesis investigates the potential of microwave heating to run chemical reactions in REM and describes the synergy between these two approaches. Microwave heating for chemical reactions and the use of eutectic mixtures as alternative reaction media are two research fields that are often described in the scope of green chemistry. The thesis will therefore also contain a closer inspection of this terminology and its greater goal of sustainability.
The Lyman-𝛼 (Ly𝛼) line commonly assists in the detection of high-redshift galaxies, the so-called Lyman-alpha emitters (LAEs). LAEs are useful tools to study the baryonic matter distribution of the high-redshift universe. Exploring their spatial distribution not only reveals the large-scale structure of the universe at early epochs, but it also provides an insight into the early formation and evolution of the galaxies we observe today. Because dark matter halos (DMHs) serve as sites of galaxy formation, the LAE distribution also traces that of the underlying dark matter. However, the details of this relation and their co-evolution over time remain unclear. Moreover, theoretical studies predict that the spatial distribution of LAEs also impacts their own circumgalactic medium (CGM) by influencing their extended Ly𝛼 gaseous halos (LAHs), whose origin is still under investigation. In this thesis, I make several contributions to improve the knowledge on these fields using samples of LAEs observed with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at redshifts of 3 < 𝑧 < 6.
Intuitively, strongly constraining contexts should lead to stronger probabilistic representations of sentences in memory. Encountering unexpected words could therefore be expected to trigger costlier shifts in these representations than expected words. However, psycholinguistic measures commonly used to study probabilistic processing, such as the N400 event-related potential (ERP) component, are sensitive to word predictability but not to contextual constraint. Some research suggests that constraint-related processing cost may be measurable via an ERP positivity following the N400, known as the anterior post-N400 positivity (PNP). The PNP is argued to reflect update of a sentence representation and to be distinct from the posterior P600, which reflects conflict detection and reanalysis. However, constraint-related PNP findings are inconsistent. We sought to conceptually replicate Federmeier et al. (2007) and Kuperberg et al. (2020), who observed that the PNP, but not the N400 or the P600, was affected by constraint at unexpected but plausible words. Using a pre-registered design and statistical approach maximising power, we demonstrated a dissociated effect of predictability and constraint: strong evidence for predictability but not constraint in the N400 window, and strong evidence for constraint but not predictability in the later window. However, the constraint effect was consistent with a P600 and not a PNP, suggesting increased conflict between a strong representation and unexpected input rather than greater update of the representation. We conclude that either a simple strong/weak constraint design is not always sufficient to elicit the PNP, or that previous PNP constraint findings could be an artifact of smaller sample size.
Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a debilitating injury in athletes, especially for those engaged in repetitive stretch-shortening cycle activities. Clinical risk factors are numerous, but it has been suggested that altered biomechanics might be associated with AT. No systematic review has been conducted investigating these biomechanical alterations in specifically athletic populations. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to compare the lower-limb biomechanics of athletes with AT to athletically matched asymptomatic controls. Databases were searched for relevant studies investigating biomechanics during gait activities and other motor tasks such as hopping, isolated strength tasks, and reflex responses. Inclusion criteria for studies were an AT diagnosis in at least one group, cross-sectional or prospective data, at least one outcome comparing biomechanical data between an AT and healthy group, and athletic populations. Studies were excluded if patients had Achilles tendon rupture/surgery, participants reported injuries other than AT, and when only within-subject data was available.. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for relevant outcomes. The initial search yielded 4,442 studies. After screening, twenty studies (775 total participants) were synthesised, reporting on a wide range of biomechanical outcomes. Females were under-represented and patients in the AT group were three years older on average. Biomechanical alterations were identified in some studies during running, hopping, jumping, strength tasks and reflex activity. Equally, several biomechanical variables studied were not associated with AT in included studies, indicating a conflicting picture. Kinematics in AT patients appeared to be altered in the lower limb, potentially indicating a pattern of “medial collapse”. Muscular activity of the calf and hips was different between groups, whereby AT patients exhibited greater calf electromyographic amplitudes despite lower plantar flexor strength. Overall, dynamic maximal strength of the plantar flexors, and isometric strength of the hips might be reduced in the AT group. This systematic review reports on several biomechanical alterations in athletes with AT. With further research, these factors could potentially form treatment targets for clinicians, although clinical approaches should take other contributing health factors into account. The studies included were of low quality, and currently no solid conclusions can be drawn.
Research within the framework of Basic Psychological Need Theory (BPNT) finds strong associations between basic need frustration and depressive symptoms. This study examined the role of rumination as an underlying mechanism in the association between basic psychological need frustration and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional sample of N = 221 adults (55.2% female, mean age = 27.95, range = 18–62, SD = 10.51) completed measures assessing their level of basic psychological need frustration, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Correlational analyses and multiple mediation models were conducted. Brooding partially mediated the relation between need frustration and depressive symptoms. BPNT and Response Styles Theory are compatible and can further advance knowledge about depression vulnerabilities.
Arctic climate change is marked by intensified warming compared to global trends and a significant reduction in Arctic sea ice which can intricately influence mid-latitude atmospheric circulation through tropo- and stratospheric pathways. Achieving accurate simulations of current and future climate demands a realistic representation of Arctic climate processes in numerical climate models, which remains challenging.
Model deficiencies in replicating observed Arctic climate processes often arise due to inadequacies in representing turbulent boundary layer interactions that determine the interactions between the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. Many current climate models rely on parameterizations developed for mid-latitude conditions to handle Arctic turbulent boundary layer processes.
This thesis focuses on modified representation of the Arctic atmospheric processes and understanding their resulting impact on large-scale mid-latitude atmospheric circulation within climate models. The improved turbulence parameterizations, recently developed based on Arctic measurements, were implemented in the global atmospheric circulation model ECHAM6. This involved modifying the stability functions over sea ice and ocean for stable stratification and changing the roughness length over sea ice for all stratification conditions. Comprehensive analyses are conducted to assess the impacts of these modifications on ECHAM6's simulations of the Arctic boundary layer, overall atmospheric circulation, and the dynamical pathways between the Arctic and mid-latitudes.
Through a step-wise implementation of the mentioned parameterizations into ECHAM6, a series of sensitivity experiments revealed that the combined impacts of the reduced roughness length and the modified stability functions are non-linear. Nevertheless, it is evident that both modifications consistently lead to a general decrease in the heat transfer coefficient, being in close agreement with the observations.
Additionally, compared to the reference observations, the ECHAM6 model falls short in accurately representing unstable and strongly stable conditions.
The less frequent occurrence of strong stability restricts the influence of the modified stability functions by reducing the affected sample size. However, when focusing solely on the specific instances of a strongly stable atmosphere, the sensible heat flux approaches near-zero values, which is in line with the observations. Models employing commonly used surface turbulence parameterizations were shown to have difficulties replicating the near-zero sensible heat flux in strongly stable stratification.
I also found that these limited changes in surface layer turbulence parameterizations have a statistically significant impact on the temperature and wind patterns across multiple pressure levels, including the stratosphere, in both the Arctic and mid-latitudes. These significant signals vary in strength, extent, and direction depending on the specific month or year, indicating a strong reliance on the background state.
Furthermore, this research investigates how the modified surface turbulence parameterizations may influence the response of both stratospheric and tropospheric circulation to Arctic sea ice loss.
The most suitable parameterizations for accurately representing Arctic boundary layer turbulence were identified from the sensitivity experiments. Subsequently, the model's response to sea ice loss is evaluated through extended ECHAM6 simulations with different prescribed sea ice conditions.
The simulation with adjusted surface turbulence parameterizations better reproduced the observed Arctic tropospheric warming in vertical extent, demonstrating improved alignment with the reanalysis data. Additionally, unlike the control experiments, this simulation successfully reproduced specific circulation patterns linked to the stratospheric pathway for Arctic-mid-latitude linkages. Specifically, an increased occurrence of the Scandinavian-Ural blocking regime (negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation) in early (late) winter is observed. Overall, it can be inferred that improving turbulence parameterizations at the surface layer can improve the ECHAM6's response to sea ice loss.
Large parts of the Earth’s interior are inaccessible to direct observation, yet global geodynamic processes are governed by the physical material properties under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. It is therefore essential to investigate the deep Earth’s physical properties through in-situ laboratory experiments. With this goal in mind, the optical properties of mantle minerals at high pressure offer a unique way to determine a variety of physical properties, in a straight-forward, reproducible, and time-effective manner, thus providing valuable insights into the physical processes of the deep Earth. This thesis focusses on the system Mg-Fe-O, specifically on the optical properties of periclase (MgO) and its iron-bearing variant ferropericlase ((Mg,Fe)O), forming a major planetary building block. The primary objective is to establish links between physical material properties and optical properties. In particular the spin transition in ferropericlase, the second-most abundant phase of the lower mantle, is known to change the physical material properties. Although the spin transition region likely extends down to the core-mantle boundary, the ef-fects of the mixed-spin state, where both high- and low-spin state are present, remains poorly constrained.
In the studies presented herein, we show how optical properties are linked to physical properties such as electrical conductivity, radiative thermal conductivity and viscosity. We also show how the optical properties reveal changes in the chemical bonding. Furthermore, we unveil how the chemical bonding, the optical and other physical properties are affected by the iron spin transition. We find opposing trends in the pres-sure dependence of the refractive index of MgO and (Mg,Fe)O. From 1 atm to ~140 GPa, the refractive index of MgO decreases by ~2.4% from 1.737 to 1.696 (±0.017). In contrast, the refractive index of (Mg0.87Fe0.13)O (Fp13) and (Mg0.76Fe0.24)O (Fp24) ferropericlase increases with pressure, likely because Fe Fe interactions between adjacent iron sites hinder a strong decrease of polarizability, as it is observed with increasing density in the case of pure MgO. An analysis of the index dispersion in MgO (decreasing by ~23% from 1 atm to ~103 GPa) reflects a widening of the band gap from ~7.4 eV at 1 atm to ~8.5 (±0.6) eV at ~103 GPa. The index dispersion (between 550 and 870 nm) of Fp13 reveals a decrease by a factor of ~3 over the spin transition range (~44–100 GPa). We show that the electrical band gap of ferropericlase significantly widens up to ~4.7 eV in the mixed spin region, equivalent to an increase by a factor of ~1.7. We propose that this is due to a lower electron mobility between adjacent Fe2+ sites of opposite spin, explaining the previously observed low electrical conductivity in the mixed spin region. From the study of absorbance spectra in Fp13, we show an increasing covalency of the Fe-O bond with pressure for high-spin ferropericlase, whereas in the low-spin state a trend to a more ionic nature of the Fe-O bond is observed, indicating a bond weakening effect of the spin transition. We found that the spin transition is ultimately caused by both an increase of the ligand field-splitting energy and a decreasing spin-pairing energy of high-spin Fe2+.
Organic-inorganic hybrids based on P3HT and mesoporous silicon for thermoelectric applications
(2024)
This thesis presents a comprehensive study on synthesis, structure and thermoelectric transport properties of organic-inorganic hybrids based on P3HT and porous silicon. The effect of embedding polymer in silicon pores on the electrical and thermal transport is studied. Morphological studies confirm successful polymer infiltration and diffusion doping with roughly 50% of the pore space occupied by conjugated polymer. Synchrotron diffraction experiments reveal no specific ordering of the polymer inside the pores. P3HT-pSi hybrids show improved electrical transport by five orders of magnitude compared to porous silicon and power factor values comparable or exceeding other P3HT-inorganic hybrids. The analysis suggests different transport mechanisms in both materials. In pSi, the transport mechanism relates to a Meyer-Neldel compansation rule. The analysis of hybrids' data using the power law in Kang-Snyder model suggests that a doped polymer mainly provides charge carriers to the pSi matrix, similar to the behavior of a doped semiconductor. Heavily suppressed thermal transport in porous silicon is treated with a modified Landauer/Lundstrom model and effective medium theories, which reveal that pSi agrees well with the Kirkpatrick model with a 68% percolation threshold. Thermal conductivities of hybrids show an increase compared to the empty pSi but the overall thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of P3HT-pSi hybrid exceeds both pSi and P3HT as well as bulk Si.
Leadership plays an important role for the efficient and fair solution of social dilemmas but the effectiveness of a leader can vary substantially. Two main factors of leadership impact are the ability to induce high contributions by all group members and the (expected) fair use of power. Participants in our experiment decide about contributions to a public good. After all contributions are made, the leader can choose how much of the joint earnings to assign to herself; the remainder is distributed equally among the followers. Using machine learning techniques, we study whether the content of initial open statements by the group members predicts their behavior as a leader and whether groups are able to identify such clues and endogenously appoint a “good” leader to solve the dilemma. We find that leaders who promise fairness are more likely to behave fairly, and that followers appoint as leaders those who write more explicitly about fairness and efficiency. However, in their contribution decision, followers focus on the leader’s first-move contribution and place less importance on the content of the leader’s statements.
Access to digital finance
(2024)
Financing entrepreneurship spurs innovation and economic growth. Digital financial platforms that crowdfund equity for entrepreneurs have emerged globally, yet they remain poorly understood. We model equity crowdfunding in terms of the relationship between the number of investors and the amount of money raised per pitch. We examine heterogeneity in the average amount raised per pitch that is associated with differences across three countries and seven platforms. Using a novel dataset of successful fundraising on the most prominent platforms in the UK, Germany, and the USA, we find the underlying relationship between the number of investors and the amount of money raised for entrepreneurs is loglinear, with a coefficient less than one and concave to the origin. We identify significant variation in the average amount invested in each pitch across countries and platforms. Our findings have implications for market actors as well as regulators who set competitive frameworks.
The icosahedral non-hydrostatic large eddy model (ICON-LEM) was applied around the drift track of the Multidisciplinary Observatory Study of the Arctic (MOSAiC) in 2019 and 2020. The model was set up with horizontal grid-scales between 100m and 800m on areas with radii of 17.5km and 140 km. At its lateral boundaries, the model was driven by analysis data from the German Weather Service (DWD), downscaled by ICON in limited area mode (ICON-LAM) with horizontal grid-scale of 3 km.
The aim of this thesis was the investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer near the surface in the central Arctic during polar winter with a high-resolution mesoscale model. The default settings in ICON-LEM prevent the model from representing the exchange processes in the Arctic boundary layer in accordance to the MOSAiC observations. The implemented sea-ice scheme in ICON does not include a snow layer on sea-ice, which causes a too slow response of the sea-ice surface temperature to atmospheric changes. To allow the sea-ice surface to respond faster to changes in the atmosphere, the implemented sea-ice parameterization in ICON was extended with an adapted heat capacity term.
The adapted sea-ice parameterization resulted in better agreement with the MOSAiC observations. However, the sea-ice surface temperature in the model is generally lower than observed due to biases in the downwelling long-wave radiation and the lack of complex surface structures, like leads. The large eddy resolving turbulence closure yielded a better representation of the lower boundary layer under strongly stable stratification than the non-eddy-resolving turbulence closure. Furthermore, the integration of leads into the sea-ice surface reduced the overestimation of the sensible heat flux for different weather conditions.
The results of this work help to better understand boundary layer processes in the central Arctic during the polar night. High-resolving mesoscale simulations are able to represent temporally and spatially small interactions and help to further develop parameterizations also for the application in regional and global models.
With Arctic ground as a huge and temperature-sensitive carbon reservoir, maintaining low ground temperatures and frozen conditions to prevent further carbon emissions that contrib-ute to global climate warming is a key element in humankind’s fight to maintain habitable con-ditions on earth. Former studies showed that during the late Pleistocene, Arctic ground condi-tions were generally colder and more stable as the result of an ecosystem dominated by large herbivorous mammals and vast extents of graminoid vegetation – the mammoth steppe. Characterised by high plant productivity (grassland) and low ground insulation due to animal-caused compression and removal of snow, this ecosystem enabled deep permafrost aggrad-ation. Now, with tundra and shrub vegetation common in the terrestrial Arctic, these effects are not in place anymore. However, it appears to be possible to recreate this ecosystem local-ly by artificially increasing animal numbers, and hence keep Arctic ground cold to reduce or-ganic matter decomposition and carbon release into the atmosphere.
By measuring thaw depth, total organic carbon and total nitrogen content, stable carbon iso-tope ratio, radiocarbon age, n-alkane and alcohol characteristics and assessing dominant vegetation types along grazing intensity transects in two contrasting Arctic areas, it was found that recreating conditions locally, similar to the mammoth steppe, seems to be possible. For permafrost-affected soil, it was shown that intensive grazing in direct comparison to non-grazed areas reduces active layer depth and leads to higher TOC contents in the active layer soil. For soil only frozen on top in winter, an increase of TOC with grazing intensity could not be found, most likely because of confounding factors such as vertical water and carbon movement, which is not possible with an impermeable layer in permafrost. In both areas, high animal activity led to a vegetation transformation towards species-poor graminoid-dominated landscapes with less shrubs. Lipid biomarker analysis revealed that, even though the available organic material is different between the study areas, in both permafrost-affected and sea-sonally frozen soils the organic material in sites affected by high animal activity was less de-composed than under less intensive grazing pressure. In conclusion, high animal activity af-fects decomposition processes in Arctic soils and the ground thermal regime, visible from reduced active layer depth in permafrost areas. Therefore, grazing management might be utilised to locally stabilise permafrost and reduce Arctic carbon emissions in the future, but is likely not scalable to the entire permafrost region.
The origin and structure of magnetic fields in the Galaxy are largely unknown. What is known is that they are essential for several astrophysical processes, in particular the propagation of cosmic rays. Our ability to describe the propagation of cosmic rays through the Galaxy is severely limited by the lack of observational data needed to probe the structure of the Galactic magnetic field on many different length scales. This is particularly true for modelling the propagation of cosmic rays into the Galactic halo, where our knowledge of the magnetic field is particularly poor.
In the last decade, observations of the Galactic halo in different frequency regimes have revealed the existence of out-of-plane bubble emission in the Galactic halo. In gamma rays these bubbles have been termed Fermi bubbles with a radial extent of ≈ 3 kpc and an azimuthal height of ≈ 6 kpc. The radio counterparts of the Fermi bubbles were seen by both the S-PASS telescopes and the Planck satellite, and showed a clear spatial overlap. The X-ray counterparts of the Fermi bubbles were named eROSITA bubbles after the eROSITA satellite, with a radial width of ≈ 7 kpc and an azimuthal height of ≈ 14 kpc. Taken together, these observations suggest the presence of large extended Galactic Halo Bubbles (GHB) and have stimulated interest in exploring the less explored Galactic halo.
In this thesis, a new toy model (GHB model) for the magnetic field and non-thermal electron distribution in the Galactic halo has been proposed. The new toy model has been used to produce polarised synchrotron emission sky maps. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the synthetic skymaps with the Planck 30 GHz polarised skymaps. The obtained constraints on the strength and azimuthal height were found to be in agreement with the S-PASS radio observations.
The upper, lower and best-fit values obtained from the above chi-squared analysis were used to generate three separate toy models. These three models were used to propagate ultra-high energy cosmic rays. This study was carried out for two potential sources, Centaurus A and NGC 253, to produce magnification maps and arrival direction skymaps. The simulated arrival direction skymaps were found to be consistent with the hotspots of Centaurus A and NGC 253 as seen in the observed arrival direction skymaps provided by the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO).
The turbulent magnetic field component of the GHB model was also used to investigate the extragalactic dipole suppression seen by PAO. UHECRs with an extragalactic dipole were forward-tracked through the turbulent GHB model at different field strengths. The suppression in the dipole due to the varying diffusion coefficient from the simulations was noted. The results could also be compared with an analytical analogy of electrostatics. The simulations of the extragalactic dipole suppression were in agreement with similar studies carried out for galactic cosmic rays.
We study the effect of energy and transport policies on pollution in two developing country cities. We use a quantitative equilibrium model with choice of housing, energy use, residential location, transport mode, and energy technology. Pollution comes from commuting and residential energy use. The model parameters are calibrated to replicate key variables for two developing country cities, Maputo, Mozambique, and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In the counterfactual simulations, we study how various transport and energy policies affect equilibrium pollution. Policies may be induce rebound effects from increasing residential energy use or switching to high emission modes or locations. In general, these rebound effects tend to be largest for subsidies to public transport or modern residential energy technology.
Aging is associated with bone loss, which can lead to osteoporosis and high fracture risk. This coincides with the enhanced formation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), suggesting a negative effect of bone marrow adipocytes on skeletal health. Increased BMAT formation is also observed in pathologies such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. However, a subset of bone marrow adipocytes forming the constitutive BMAT (cBMAT), arise early in life in the distal skeleton, contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and are thought to provide a physiological function. Regulated BMAT (rBMAT) forms during aging and obesity in proximal regions of the bone and contain a large proportion of saturated fatty acids. Paradoxically, BMAT accumulation is also enhanced during caloric restriction (CR), a life-span extending dietary intervention. This indicates, that different types of BMAT can form in response to opposing nutritional stimuli with potentially different functions.
To this end, two types of nutritional interventions, CR and high fat diet (HFD), that are both described to induce BMAT accumulation were carried out. CR markedly increased BMAT formation in the proximal tibia and led to a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, making it similar to the physiological cBMAT. Additionally, proximal and diaphyseal tibia regions displayed higher adiponectin expression. In aged mice, CR was associated with an improved trabecular bone structure. Taken together, these findings demonstrate, that the type of BMAT that forms during CR might provide beneficial effects for local bone stem/progenitor cells and metabolic health. The HFD intervention performed in this thesis showed no effect on BMAT accumulation and bone microstructure. RNA Seq analysis revealed alterations in the composition of the collagen-containing extracellular matrix (ECM).
In order to investigate the effects of glucose homeostasis on osteogenesis, differentiation capacity of immortalized multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and osteochondrogenic progenitor cells (OPCs) was analyzed. Insulin improved differentiation in both cell types, however, combination of with a high glucose concentration led to an impaired mineralization of the ECM. In the MSCs, this was accompanied by the formation of adipocytes, indicating negative effects of the adipocytes formed during hyperglycemic conditions on mineralization processes. However, the altered mineralization pattern and structure of the ECM was also observed in OPCs, which did not form any adipocytes, suggesting further negative effects of a hyperglycemic environment on osteogenic differentiation.
In summary, the work provided in this thesis demonstrated that differentiation commitment of bone-resident stem cells can be altered through nutrient availability, specifically glucose. Surprisingly, both high nutrient supply, e.g. the hyperglycemic cell culture conditions, and low nutrient supply, e.g. CR, can induce adipogenic differentiation. However, while CR-induced adipocyte formation was associated with improved trabecular bone structure, adipocyte formation in a hyperglycemic cell-culture environment hampered mineralization. This thesis provides further evidence for the existence of different types of BMAT with specific functions.
The Arctic is the hot spot of the ongoing, global climate change. Over the last decades, near-surface temperatures in the Arctic have been rising almost four times faster than on global average. This amplified warming of the Arctic and the associated rapid changes of its environment are largely influenced by interactions between individual components of the Arctic climate system. On daily to weekly time scales, storms can have major impacts on the Arctic sea-ice cover and are thus an important part of these interactions within the Arctic climate. The sea-ice impacts of storms are related to high wind speeds, which enhance the drift and deformation of sea ice, as well as to changes in the surface energy budget in association with air mass advection, which impact the seasonal sea-ice growth and melt.
The occurrence of storms in the Arctic is typically associated with the passage of transient cyclones. Even though the above described mechanisms how storms/cyclones impact the Arctic sea ice are in principal known, there is a lack of statistical quantification of these effects. In accordance with that, the overarching objective of this thesis is to statistically quantify cyclone impacts on sea-ice concentration (SIC) in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean over the last four decades. In order to further advance the understanding of the related mechanisms, an additional objective is to separate dynamic and thermodynamic cyclone impacts on sea ice and assess their relative importance. Finally, this thesis aims to quantify recent changes in cyclone impacts on SIC. These research objectives are tackled utilizing various data sets, including atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis data as well as a coupled model simulation and a cyclone tracking algorithm.
Results from this thesis demonstrate that cyclones are significantly impacting SIC in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean from autumn to spring, while there are mostly no significant impacts in summer. The strength and the sign (SIC decreasing or SIC increasing) of the cyclone impacts strongly depends on the considered daily time scale and the region of the Atlantic Arctic Ocean. Specifically, an initial decrease in SIC (day -3 to day 0 relative to the cyclone) is found in the Greenland, Barents and Kara Seas, while SIC increases following cyclones (day 0 to day 5 relative to the cyclone) are mostly limited to the Barents and Kara Seas.
For the cold season, this results in a pronounced regional difference between overall (day -3 to day 5 relative to the cyclone) SIC-decreasing cyclone impacts in the Greenland Sea and overall SIC-increasing cyclone impacts in the Barents and Kara Seas. A cyclone case study based on a coupled model simulation indicates that both dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms contribute to cyclone impacts on sea ice in winter. A typical pattern consisting of an initial dominance of dynamic sea-ice changes followed by enhanced thermodynamic ice growth after the cyclone passage was found. This enhanced ice growth after the cyclone passage most likely also explains the (statistical) overall SIC-increasing effects of cyclones in the Barents and Kara Seas in the cold season.
Significant changes in cyclone impacts on SIC over the last four decades have emerged throughout the year. These recent changes are strongly varying from region to region and month to month. The strongest trends in cyclone impacts on SIC are found in autumn in the Barents and Kara Seas. Here, the magnitude of destructive cyclone impacts on SIC has approximately doubled over the last four decades. The SIC-increasing effects following the cyclone passage have particularly weakened in the Barents Sea in autumn. As a consequence, previously existing overall SIC-increasing cyclone impacts in this region in autumn have recently disappeared. Generally, results from this thesis show that changes in the state of the sea-ice cover (decrease in mean sea-ice concentration and thickness) and near-surface air temperature are most important for changed cyclone impacts on SIC, while changes in cyclone properties (i.e. intensity) do not play a significant role.
We examine how the gender of business-owners is related to the wages paid to female relative to male employees working in their firms. Using Finnish register data and employing firm fixed effects, we find that the gender pay gap is – starting from a gender pay gap of 11 to 12 percent - two to three percentage-points lower for hourly wages in female-owned firms than in male-owned firms. Results are robust to how the wage is measured, as well as to various further robustness checks. More importantly, we find substantial differences between industries. While, for instance, in the manufacturing sector, the gender of the owner plays no role for the gender pay gap, in several service sector industries, like ICT or business services, no or a negligible gender pay gap can be found, but only when firms are led by female business owners. Businesses in male ownership maintain a gender pay gap of around 10 percent also in the latter industries. With increasing firm size, the influence of the gender of the owner, however, fades. In large firms, it seems that others – firm managers – determine wages and no differences in the pay gap are observed between male- and female-owned firms.
Moss-microbe associations are often characterised by syntrophic interactions between the microorganisms and their hosts, but the structure of the microbial consortia and their role in peatland development remain unknown.
In order to study microbial communities of dominant peatland mosses, Sphagnum and brown mosses, and the respective environmental drivers, four study sites representing different successional stages of natural northern peatlands were chosen on a large geographical scale: two brown moss-dominated, circumneutral peatlands from the Arctic and two Sphagnum-dominated, acidic peat bogs from subarctic and temperate zones.
The family Acetobacteraceae represented the dominant bacterial taxon of Sphagnum mosses from various geographical origins and displayed an integral part of the moss core community. This core community was shared among all investigated bryophytes and consisted of few but highly abundant prokaryotes, of which many appear as endophytes of Sphagnum mosses. Moreover, brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses represent habitats for archaea which were not studied in association with peatland mosses so far. Euryarchaeota that are capable of methane production (methanogens) displayed the majority of the moss-associated archaeal communities. Moss-associated methanogenesis was detected for the first time, but it was mostly negligible under laboratory conditions. Contrarily, substantial moss-associated methane oxidation was measured on both, brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses, supporting that methanotrophic bacteria as part of the moss microbiome may contribute to the reduction of methane emissions from pristine and rewetted peatlands of the northern hemisphere.
Among the investigated abiotic and biotic environmental parameters, the peatland type and the host moss taxon were identified to have a major impact on the structure of moss-associated bacterial communities, contrarily to archaeal communities whose structures were similar among the investigated bryophytes. For the first time it was shown that different bog development stages harbour distinct bacterial communities, while at the same time a small core community is shared among all investigated bryophytes independent of geography and peatland type.
The present thesis displays the first large-scale, systematic assessment of bacterial and archaeal communities associated both with brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses. It suggests that some host-specific moss taxa have the potential to play a key role in host moss establishment and peatland development.
We analyze how conventional emissions trading schemes (ETS) can be modified by introducing “clean-up certificates” to allow for a phase of net-negative emissions. Clean-up certificates bundle the permission to emit CO2 with the obligation for its removal. We show that demand for such certificates is determined by cost-saving technological progress, the discount rate and the length of the compliance period. Introducing extra clean-up certificates into an existing ETS reduces near-term carbon prices and mitigation efforts. In contrast, substituting ETS allowances with clean-up certificates reduces cumulative emissions without depressing carbon prices or mitigation in the near term. We calibrate our model to the EU ETS and identify reforms where simultaneously (i) ambition levels rise, (ii) climate damages fall, (iii) revenues from carbon prices rise and (iv) carbon prices and aggregate mitigation cost fall. For reducing climate damages, roughly half of the issued clean-up certificates should replace conventional ETS allowances. In the context of the EU ETS, a European Carbon Central Bank could manage the implementation of cleanup certificates and could serve as an enforcement mechanism.
The increasing number of known exoplanets raises questions about their demographics and the mechanisms that shape planets into how we observe them today. Young planets in close-in orbits are exposed to harsh environments due to the host star being magnetically highly active, which results in high X-ray and extreme UV fluxes impinging on the planet. Prolonged exposure to this intense photoionizing radiation can cause planetary atmospheres to heat up, expand and escape into space via a hydrodynamic escape process known as photoevaporation. For super-Earth and sub-Neptune-type planets, this can even lead to the complete erosion of their primordial gaseous atmospheres. A factor of interest for this particular mass-loss process is the activity evolution of the host star. Stellar rotation, which drives the dynamo and with it the magnetic activity of a star, changes significantly over the stellar lifetime. This strongly affects the amount of high-energy radiation received by a planet as stars age. At a young age, planets still host warm and extended envelopes, making them particularly susceptible to atmospheric evaporation. Especially in the first gigayear, when X-ray and UV levels can be 100 - 10,000 times higher than for the present-day sun, the characteristics of the host star and the detailed evolution of its high-energy emission are of importance.
In this thesis, I study the impact of stellar activity evolution on the high-energy-induced atmospheric mass loss of young exoplanets. The PLATYPOS code was developed as part of this thesis to calculate photoevaporative mass-loss rates over time. The code, which couples parameterized planetary mass-radius relations with an analytical hydrodynamic escape model, was used, together with Chandra and eROSITA X-ray observations, to investigate the future mass loss of the two young multiplanet systems V1298 Tau and K2-198. Further, in a numerical ensemble study, the effect of a realistic spread of activity tracks on the small-planet radius gap was investigated for the first time. The works in this thesis show that for individual systems, in particular if planetary masses are unconstrained, the difference between a young host star following a low-activity track vs. a high-activity one can have major implications: the exact shape of the activity evolution can determine whether a planet can hold on to some of its atmosphere, or completely loses its envelope, leaving only the bare rocky core behind. For an ensemble of simulated planets, an observationally-motivated distribution of activity tracks does not substantially change the final radius distribution at ages of several gigayears. My simulations indicate that the overall shape and slope of the resulting small-planet radius gap is not significantly affected by the spread in stellar activity tracks. However, it can account for a certain scattering or fuzziness observed in and around the radius gap of the observed exoplanet population.
In this essay I argue that while research in Jewish studies over the last several decades has done much to erode the historical narrative of Jewish/non-Jewish separation and detachment, it has also raised various questions pertaining to the outcome of Jewish/non-Jewish interactions and coexistence as well as the contours of Jewish difference. I contend that employing the concepts of conviviality, ethnic/religious/national indifference, and similarity will greatly facilitate answering these questions.
Habsburg Central Europe
(2024)
Central Europe is characterized by linguistic and cultural density as well as by endogenous and exogenous cultural influences. These constellations were especially visible in the former Habsburg Empire, where they influenced the formation of individual and collective identities. This led not only to continual crises and conflicts, but also to an equally enormous creative potential as became apparent in the culture of the fin-de-siècle.
During the last decades, therapeutical proteins have risen to great significance in the pharmaceutical industry. As non-human proteins that are introduced into the human body cause a distinct immune system reaction that triggers their rapid clearance, most newly approved protein pharmaceuticals are shielded by modification with synthetic polymers to significantly improve their blood circulation time. All such clinically approved protein-polymer conjugates contain polyethylene glycol (PEG) and its conjugation is denoted as PEGylation. However, many patients develop anti-PEG antibodies which cause a rapid clearance of PEGylated molecules upon repeated administration. Therefore, the search for alternative polymers that can replace PEG in therapeutic applications has become important. In addition, although the blood circulation time is significantly prolonged, the therapeutic activity of some conjugates is decreased compared to the unmodified protein. The reason is that these conjugates are formed by the traditional conjugation method that addresses the protein's lysine side chains. As proteins have many solvent exposed lysines, this results in a somewhat uncontrolled attachment of polymer chains, leading to a mixture of regioisomers, with some of them eventually affecting the therapeutic performance.
This thesis investigates a novel method for ligating macromolecules in a site-specific manner, using enzymatic catalysis. Sortase A is used as the enzyme: It is a well-studied transpeptidase which is able to catalyze the intermolecular ligation of two peptides. This process is commonly referred to as sortase-mediated ligation (SML). SML constitutes an equilibrium reaction, which limits product yield. Two previously reported methods to overcome this major limitation were tested with polymers without using an excessive amount of one reactant.
Specific C- or N-terminal peptide sequences (recognition sequence and nucleophile) as part of the protein are required for SML. The complementary peptide was located at the polymer chain end. Grafting-to was used to avoid damaging the protein during polymerization. To be able to investigate all possible combinations (protein-recognition sequence and nucleophile-protein as well as polymer-recognition sequence and nucleophile-polymer) all necessary building blocks were synthesized. Polymerization via reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) was used to achieve a narrow molecular weight distribution of the polymers, which is required for therapeutic use.
The synthesis of the polymeric building blocks was started by synthesizing the peptide via automated solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) to avoid post-polymerization attachment and to enable easy adaptation of changes in the peptide sequence. To account for the different functionalities (free N- or C-terminus) required for SML, different linker molecules between resin and peptide were used.
To facilitate purification, the chain transfer agent (CTA) for reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization was coupled to the resin-immobilized recognition sequence peptide. The acrylamide and acrylate-based monomers used in this thesis were chosen for their potential to replace PEG.
Following that, surface-initiated (SI) ATRP and RAFT polymerization were attempted, but failed. As a result, the newly developed method of xanthate-supported photo-iniferter (XPI) RAFT polymerization in solution was used successfully to obtain a library of various peptide-polymer conjugates with different chain lengths and narrow molar mass distributions.
After peptide side chain deprotection, these constructs were used first to ligate two polymers via SML, which was successful but revealed a limit in polymer chain length (max. 100 repeat units). When utilizing equimolar amounts of reactants, the use of Ni2+ ions in combination with a histidine after the recognition sequence to remove the cleaved peptide from the equilibrium maximized product formation with conversions of up to 70 %.
Finally, a model protein and a nanobody with promising properties for therapeutical use were biotechnologically modified to contain the peptide sequences required for SML. Using the model protein for C- or N-terminal SML with various polymers did not result in protein-polymer conjugates. The reason is most likely the lack of accessibility of the protein termini to the enzyme. Using the nanobody for C-terminal SML, on the other hand, was successful. However, a similar polymer chain length limit was observed as in polymer-polymer SML. Furthermore, in case of the synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates, it was more effective to shift the SML equilibrium by using an excess of polymer than by employing the Ni2+ ion strategy.
Overall, the experimental data from this work provides a good foundation for future research in this promising field; however, more research is required to fully understand the potential and limitations of using SML for protein-polymer synthesis. In future, the method explored in this dissertation could prove to be a very versatile pathway to obtain therapeutic protein-polymer conjugates that exhibit high activities and long blood circulation times.
Improving permafrost dynamics in land surface models: insights from dual sensitivity experiments
(2024)
The thawing of permafrost and the subsequent release of greenhouse gases constitute one of the most significant and uncertain positive feedback loops in the context of climate change, making predictions regarding changes in permafrost coverage of paramount importance. To address these critical questions, climate scientists have developed Land Surface Models (LSMs) that encompass a multitude of physical soil processes. This thesis is committed to advancing our understanding and refining precise representations of permafrost dynamics within LSMs, with a specific focus on the accurate modeling of heat fluxes, an essential component for simulating permafrost physics.
The first research question overviews fundamental model prerequisites for the representation of permafrost soils within land surface modeling. It includes a first-of-its-kind comparison between LSMs in CMIP6 to reveal their differences and shortcomings in key permafrost physics parameters. Overall, each of these LSMs represents a unique approach to simulating soil processes and their interactions with the climate system. Choosing the most appropriate model for a particular application depends on factors such as the spatial and temporal scale of the simulation, the specific research question, and available computational resources.
The second research question evaluates the performance of the state-of-the-art Community Land Model (CLM5) in simulating Arctic permafrost regions. Our approach overcomes traditional evaluation limitations by individually addressing depth, seasonality, and regional variations, providing a comprehensive assessment of permafrost and soil temperature dynamics. I compare CLM5's results with three extensive datasets: (1) soil temperatures from 295 borehole stations, (2) active layer thickness (ALT) data from the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring Network (CALM), and (3) soil temperatures, ALT, and permafrost extent from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI). The results show that CLM5 aligns well with ESA-CCI and CALM for permafrost extent and ALT but reveals a significant global cold temperature bias, notably over Siberia. These results echo a persistent challenge identified in numerous studies: the existence of a systematic 'cold bias' in soil temperature over permafrost regions. To address this challenge, the following research questions propose dual sensitivity experiments.
The third research question represents the first study to apply a Plant Functional Type (PFT)-based approach to derive soil texture and soil organic matter (SOM), departing from the conventional use of coarse-resolution global data in LSMs. This novel method results in a more uniform distribution of soil organic matter density (OMD) across the domain, characterized by reduced OMD values in most regions. However, changes in soil texture exhibit a more intricate spatial pattern. Comparing the results to observations reveals a significant reduction in the cold bias observed in the control run. This method shows noticeable improvements in permafrost extent, but at the cost of an overestimation in ALT. These findings emphasize the model's high sensitivity to variations in soil texture and SOM content, highlighting the crucial role of soil composition in governing heat transfer processes and shaping the seasonal variation of soil temperatures in permafrost regions.
Expanding upon a site experiment conducted in Trail Valley Creek by \citet{dutch_impact_2022}, the fourth research question extends the application of the snow scheme proposed by \citet{sturm_thermal_1997} to cover the entire Arctic domain. By employing a snow scheme better suited to the snow density profile observed over permafrost regions, this thesis seeks to assess its influence on simulated soil temperatures. Comparing this method to observational datasets reveals a significant reduction in the cold bias that was present in the control run. In most regions, the Sturm run exhibits a substantial decrease in the cold bias. However, there is a distinctive overshoot with a warm bias observed in mountainous areas. The Sturm experiment effectively addressed the overestimation of permafrost extent in the control run, albeit resulting in a substantial reduction in permafrost extent over mountainous areas. ALT results remain relatively consistent compared to the control run. These outcomes align with our initial hypothesis, which anticipated that the reduced snow insulation in the Sturm run would lead to higher winter soil temperatures and a more accurate representation of permafrost physics.
In summary, this thesis demonstrates significant advancements in understanding permafrost dynamics and its integration into LSMs. It has meticulously unraveled the intricacies involved in the interplay between heat transfer, soil properties, and snow dynamics in permafrost regions. These insights offer novel perspectives on model representation and performance.