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- information structure (6)
- infrared: stars (6)
- institutions (6)
- intelligence (6)
- inversion (6)
- ionic liquid (6)
- isomerization (6)
- lamin (6)
- land-use change (6)
- late bilinguals (6)
- lipids (6)
- manganese (6)
- measurement (6)
- media violence (6)
- microcystin (6)
- microsatellites (6)
- microscopy (6)
- microstructure (6)
- middle childhood (6)
- mitochondria (6)
- mobility (6)
- monsoon (6)
- movement ecology (6)
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- narcissism (6)
- nitrogen deposition (6)
- osteoporosis (6)
- participation (6)
- pathogens (6)
- perceptual span (6)
- persistence (6)
- physical fitness (6)
- planetary nebulae: general (6)
- plasma (6)
- plyometric training (6)
- polarization (6)
- postural control (6)
- privacy (6)
- propensity score matching (6)
- proteomics (6)
- psycholinguistics (6)
- psychology (6)
- psychotherapy training (6)
- quality assurance (6)
- quantification (6)
- radical polymerization (6)
- reactive transport (6)
- recovery (6)
- reproducibility (6)
- residual stress (6)
- restoration (6)
- scale development (6)
- scene viewing (6)
- screening (6)
- sediment (6)
- sedimentary ancient DNA (6)
- self-esteem (6)
- self-regulation (6)
- social inclusion (6)
- social support (6)
- spatial frequencies (6)
- speciation (6)
- speech (6)
- speech production (6)
- starch metabolism (6)
- stars (6)
- stars: horizontal-branch (6)
- stars: late-type (6)
- statistics (6)
- stimuli-sensitive polymers (6)
- sulfur (6)
- synthetic biology (6)
- teaching (6)
- techniques: image processing (6)
- tectonics (6)
- therapy (6)
- thermokarst (6)
- training load (6)
- transfer (6)
- urbanization (6)
- violence (6)
- young adults (6)
- AFM (5)
- Absorption (5)
- Adsorption (5)
- African Humid Period (5)
- Akan (5)
- Algeria (5)
- Antarctica (5)
- Argentina (5)
- Argumentationstheorie (5)
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- Asteraceae (5)
- Aufklärung (5)
- Außenpolitik (5)
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- Berühren (5)
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- Block copolymers (5)
- Bombina bombina (5)
- Boric acid (5)
- Boron exposure (5)
- Brownian motion (5)
- Bundeswehr (5)
- Cardiovascular diseases (5)
- Cauchy problem (5)
- Chytridiomycota (5)
- Click chemistry (5)
- Cognitive control (5)
- Complex networks (5)
- Computational modelling (5)
- Computational seismology (5)
- Conservation (5)
- Cosmogenic nuclides (5)
- Cue-based retrieval (5)
- Cultural diversity (5)
- DNA radiation damage (5)
- DRD4 (5)
- Data assimilation (5)
- Decomposition (5)
- Deutsche Literatur der Frühen Neuzeit (5)
- Dexamethasone (5)
- Dictyostelium discoideum (5)
- Diffusion (5)
- Digital platforms (5)
- Digitale Plattformen (5)
- Disturbance (5)
- EPR (5)
- EU (5)
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- Ecology (5)
- Electrical conductivity (5)
- Electropolymerization (5)
- Embodiment (5)
- Emotions (5)
- Ethics (5)
- Fetal programming (5)
- Flood (5)
- Fokker-Planck equation (5)
- Food quality (5)
- Galaxy: center (5)
- Geomagnetic field (5)
- Geomorphology (5)
- Geostatistics (5)
- Graph theory (5)
- Grassland (5)
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- Heterocycles (5)
- Hypertension (5)
- ISM: jets and outflows (5)
- ISM: lines and bands (5)
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- Imaging (5)
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- Inversion (5)
- Israel (5)
- Janus emulsions (5)
- Kant (5)
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- Lactones (5)
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- Land-use intensity (5)
- Landsat (5)
- Landslides (5)
- Language acquisition (5)
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- Last Glacial Maximum (5)
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- Leguminosae (5)
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- Scattering (5)
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- Security Council (5)
- Seismic attenuation (5)
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- Sexual aggression (5)
- Sexual scripts (5)
- Sexual selection (5)
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- Solanum lycopersicum (5)
- Solar cells (5)
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- Survey (5)
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- Synthesis (5)
- TAVI (5)
- Temperature (5)
- Throughfall (5)
- Ti-6Al-4V (5)
- Tien Shan (5)
- Transfer function (5)
- Twitter (5)
- Variability (5)
- Vulnerability (5)
- Walking (5)
- Word frequency (5)
- Workplace (5)
- X-ray diffraction (5)
- Youth (5)
- abstract concepts (5)
- age (5)
- aggregation (5)
- algae (5)
- algorithms (5)
- alien species (5)
- allometry (5)
- amino acids (5)
- amygdala (5)
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- anthracenes (5)
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- arithmetic (5)
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- biofilm (5)
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- change (5)
- characteristics (5)
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- chemotaxis (5)
- cognitive development (5)
- comets: general (5)
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- community effect on height (5)
- control (5)
- cosmology: theory (5)
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- degradation (5)
- demography (5)
- density (5)
- diabetic nephropathy (5)
- dietary patterns (5)
- digital platforms (5)
- discrepancy principle (5)
- disease (5)
- dissociative electron attachment (5)
- domestication (5)
- dyslexia (5)
- e-learning (5)
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- ecosystems (5)
- effectiveness (5)
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- elderly (5)
- electrons (5)
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- elementary particles (5)
- ensemble Kalman filter (5)
- enzymes (5)
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- executive function (5)
- expertise (5)
- extreme events (5)
- first passage (5)
- first passage time (5)
- floodplain (5)
- food web (5)
- foraging (5)
- fractional Brownian motion (5)
- galaxies: haloes (5)
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- galaxies: nuclei (5)
- gamma-rays: general (5)
- gender differences (5)
- gene-expression (5)
- genetics (5)
- globular clusters: general (5)
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- height (5)
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- identification (5)
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- immobilization (5)
- injury risk (5)
- institutional design (5)
- insula (5)
- integration (5)
- interoceptive awareness (5)
- invasive species (5)
- isometric muscle action (5)
- isotopes (5)
- jumping (5)
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- lake (5)
- lake sediments (5)
- landscape of fear (5)
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- predator-prey dynamics (5)
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- pronoun resolution (5)
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- questionnaire (5)
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- recombination (5)
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- rotation (5)
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- scattering (5)
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- skills (5)
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- sodium (5)
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- spatial-numerical associations (5)
- spelling (5)
- starch phosphorylation (5)
- stars: chemically peculiar (5)
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- stroke (5)
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- thin films (5)
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- traits (5)
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- uncertainty quantification (5)
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- wh-questions (5)
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- α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (5)
- 3D point clouds (4)
- 4 (4)
- AC electrokinetics (4)
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- Antiplasmodial (4)
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- Atmosphere (4)
- Aufsatzsammlung (4)
- Autocorrelation (4)
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- Correlation (4)
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- Fire-bellied toad (4)
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- Floods (4)
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- Lake Stechlin (4)
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- Model (4)
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- Multifunctionality (4)
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- Neo-Tethys (4)
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- Neumann problem (4)
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- Operational momentum (4)
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- Organic solar cells (4)
- Overland flow (4)
- Pacific Ocean (4)
- Palynology (4)
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- Parafoveal processing (4)
- Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (4)
- Perception (4)
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- Phase transitions (4)
- Philosophie (4)
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- Planetary rings (4)
- Plio-Pleistocene (4)
- Poecilia mexicana (4)
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- Potsdam (4)
- Power (4)
- Predictors (4)
- Probabilistic forecasting (4)
- Production (4)
- Prognosis (4)
- Proteins (4)
- Pseudo-differential operators (4)
- Python (4)
- Quality management (4)
- R&D (4)
- RNAseq (4)
- Radiation belts (4)
- Reading development (4)
- Reading strategies (4)
- Rechtschreibung (4)
- Reflexion (4)
- Rentenversicherung (4)
- Respiration (4)
- Risk reduction (4)
- SDS-PAGE (4)
- SWAT (4)
- Salivary gland (4)
- Schule (4)
- Schulentwicklung (4)
- Scrum (4)
- Sediment (4)
- Sediment connectivity (4)
- Seismic noise (4)
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- Semiarid (4)
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- Sensitivity analysis (4)
- Sentinel-1 (4)
- Sex (4)
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- Sick leave (4)
- Simulations (4)
- Species richness (4)
- Sprache (4)
- Sprachgeschichte (4)
- Staphylococcus aureus (4)
- Start-up subsidies (4)
- Statistical methods (4)
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- Surface roughness (4)
- TRMM (4)
- TSNMRS (4)
- Tarim Basin (4)
- Teacher education (4)
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- TerraceM (4)
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- Thin film (4)
- Tian Shan (4)
- ToF-SIMS (4)
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- Translation (4)
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- Trust (4)
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- Van Allen Probes (4)
- Verwaltungsreform (4)
- WA-PLS (4)
- Weiterbildung (4)
- Wissensmanagement (4)
- Work ability (4)
- X-ray absorption (4)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (4)
- X-ray emission spectroscopy (4)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (4)
- X-ray scattering (4)
- X-ray spectroscopy (4)
- XPS (4)
- academic self-concept (4)
- acceleration (4)
- acceptance (4)
- accretion, accretion disks (4)
- acid ceramidase (4)
- action observation (4)
- administration (4)
- administrative reform (4)
- age of acquisition (4)
- agency (4)
- alexithymia (4)
- alternatives (4)
- anger (4)
- anthropometry (4)
- antibody (4)
- antiplasmodial (4)
- athletes (4)
- attitudes (4)
- autonomy (4)
- auxin (4)
- bacteriophage (4)
- beliefs (4)
- biodegradable polymers (4)
- biological invasions (4)
- biomarkers (4)
- biomimetic sensors (4)
- biomineralization (4)
- birth weight (4)
- body waves (4)
- brain (4)
- carbon sequestration (4)
- cardiorespiratory fitness (4)
- catchment (4)
- cell adhesion (4)
- cell-free protein synthesis (4)
- cells (4)
- cellulose (4)
- change of direction (4)
- chaos (4)
- charge generation (4)
- child development (4)
- children and adolescents (4)
- circadian clock (4)
- civil war (4)
- climate mitigation (4)
- clinical supervision (4)
- clone (4)
- co-limitation (4)
- coastal erosion (4)
- competence (4)
- composition (4)
- conjugated polymers (4)
- construction (4)
- context (4)
- contrast (4)
- conversation analysis (4)
- conversational agents (4)
- coping (4)
- core (4)
- corpus linguistics (4)
- corruption (4)
- creep (4)
- cue-based retrieval (4)
- cyber aggression (4)
- cyclic voltammetry (4)
- data (4)
- data integration (4)
- database (4)
- decarbonization (4)
- defense (4)
- deposition (4)
- depressive symptoms (4)
- developmental dyscalculia (4)
- dialogue (4)
- drop jump (4)
- droughts (4)
- dynamic NMR (4)
- dysphagia (4)
- early warning (4)
- eating behavior (4)
- ecohydrology (4)
- ecological speciation (4)
- ecology (4)
- economics (4)
- electropolymerization (4)
- electrostatics (4)
- emotional intelligence (4)
- employment (4)
- environmental change (4)
- environmental economics (4)
- errata, addenda (4)
- ethnic identity (4)
- ethnicity (4)
- eutrophication (4)
- evapotranspiration (4)
- events (4)
- experimental design (4)
- expression (4)
- eye movement (4)
- eye tracking (4)
- eye-movement monitoring (4)
- fNIRS (4)
- fabrication (4)
- facilitation (4)
- family (4)
- feminism (4)
- fiction (4)
- financial crisis (4)
- financial institutions (4)
- financial markets (4)
- first-passage time (4)
- fish (4)
- flood risk management (4)
- flooding (4)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (4)
- food choice (4)
- food webs (4)
- force (4)
- freshwater (4)
- galaxies: star formation (4)
- gelatin (4)
- gene (4)
- geochemistry (4)
- geometric Brownian motion (4)
- geomorphology (4)
- giving-up density (4)
- global (4)
- grammar (4)
- herbivory (4)
- heterostyly (4)
- history and philosophy of astronomy (4)
- home range (4)
- honey bee (4)
- hospitals (4)
- human impact (4)
- human physical conditioning (4)
- hybridization capture (4)
- hydrogen (4)
- hydrogen peroxide (4)
- hydropower (4)
- hypochondriasis (4)
- income (4)
- individual (4)
- industry 4.0 (4)
- infancy (4)
- infants (4)
- infection (4)
- inference (4)
- instability (4)
- institutional change (4)
- inter-individual differences (4)
- international bureaucracies (4)
- international organisations (4)
- island biogeography (4)
- joint Simon effect (4)
- joint action (4)
- kinematics (4)
- knowledge transfer (4)
- land use change (4)
- large-scale structure of Universe (4)
- life history (4)
- light scattering (4)
- line: identification (4)
- linear hypersubstitution (4)
- liver (4)
- livestock (4)
- localization (4)
- locomotion (4)
- low-energy electrons (4)
- lutein (4)
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- Wetter (3)
- Wheat (3)
- Wirtschaft (3)
- Word production (3)
- X-ray imaging (3)
- X-rays (3)
- XRD (3)
- XRF (3)
- Xanthomonas (3)
- Zea mays (3)
- Zebrafish (3)
- ab initio (3)
- ab initio calculations (3)
- absorption (3)
- academic (3)
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- actuation (3)
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- adaptive management (3)
- adherence (3)
- adiponectin (3)
- administrative culture (3)
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- admixture (3)
- adulthood (3)
- advanced dynamic flow (3)
- affective (3)
- agent-based model (3)
- aggressive behavior (3)
- agility (3)
- agreement (3)
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- alcohol consumption (3)
- aldehyde oxidase (3)
- allelopathy (3)
- allostatic load (3)
- ambient noise (3)
- angiogenesis (3)
- animacy (3)
- antibiotics (3)
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- antilocality (3)
- apoptosis (3)
- app (3)
- apple (3)
- aquatic fungi (3)
- articulation (3)
- associations (3)
- astrophysical plasmas (3)
- atherosclerosis (3)
- atmosphere (3)
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- attachment (3)
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- auditory perception (3)
- authority (3)
- autocorrelation (3)
- autocracy (3)
- automatic evaluation (3)
- automatic evaluations (3)
- automation (3)
- autophagy (3)
- avoidance (3)
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- batteries (3)
- behaviour (3)
- benzodiazepines (3)
- berufliche Wiedereingliederung (3)
- bias (3)
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- brassinosteroid (3)
- bryophytes (3)
- bulk heterojunction (3)
- business (3)
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- business processes (3)
- bystander (3)
- calibration (3)
- capacity (3)
- caregiver (3)
- catalogues (3)
- catalysts (3)
- cell culture (3)
- cell cycle (3)
- cell migration (3)
- cell-based assay (3)
- change detection (3)
- charge-transfer (3)
- chemistry (3)
- child growth (3)
- chirality (3)
- chitosan (3)
- chloroplast (3)
- chorus waves (3)
- chronic illness (3)
- citation analysis (3)
- classical swine fever (3)
- clefts (3)
- climate neutrality (3)
- climate variability (3)
- climate warming (3)
- climate-change (3)
- coevolution (3)
- cognitive behavioral therapy (3)
- cold (3)
- collaboration (3)
- collaborative consumption (3)
- collagen (3)
- colonialism (3)
- color (3)
- comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (3)
- community (3)
- comorbidities (3)
- comorbidity (3)
- competitive growth (3)
- complex networks (3)
- complexity (3)
- compliance (3)
- computed tomography (3)
- concentration (3)
- conceptualization (3)
- conditions (3)
- conductivity (3)
- confidence (3)
- confinement (3)
- conflict resolution (3)
- confocal microscopy (3)
- conscripts (3)
- consistency (3)
- construct validity (3)
- content areas (3)
- contestation (3)
- contracts (3)
- copper(II) (3)
- coronary heart disease (3)
- correlations (3)
- cosmic-ray neutron sensing (3)
- cost-benefit analysis (3)
- costs (3)
- counterterrorism (3)
- covariance (3)
- crop production (3)
- cross-cultural comparison (3)
- cross-curriculum (3)
- cross-national (3)
- crosslinking (3)
- cryptic species (3)
- cultural diversity (3)
- cyber victimization (3)
- cybervictimization (3)
- cycloaddition (3)
- cylindrospermopsin (3)
- cystic fibrosis (3)
- dark matter theory (3)
- dark triad (3)
- data mining (3)
- data profiling (3)
- data security (3)
- deep reinforcement learning (3)
- definite pseudoclefts (3)
- definition (3)
- deforestation (3)
- degenerative disc disease (3)
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- dependence (3)
- detection (3)
- diabetes mellitus (3)
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- diagnostics (3)
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- diet (3)
- digital (3)
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- digital rock physics (3)
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- direct electron transfer (3)
- disability (3)
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- discourse analysis (3)
- disorders (3)
- dog (3)
- dopamine (3)
- downscaling (3)
- drainage networks (3)
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- duplicate detection (3)
- dynamic (3)
- dynamical models (3)
- earthquakes (3)
- eating disorders (3)
- eclogite (3)
- eco-evolutionary experience (3)
- eco-evolutionary feedbacks (3)
- ecological stoichiometry (3)
- economy (3)
- ecosystem function (3)
- edge effect (3)
- effect (3)
- efficiency (3)
- elections (3)
- electrical resistivity (3)
- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (3)
- electron paramagnetic resonance (3)
- electronic structure (3)
- ellipsis processing (3)
- ellipsometry (3)
- encoding (3)
- endothelial cells (3)
- endothelin (3)
- endothelin-converting enzyme (3)
- endurance exercise (3)
- energy (3)
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- energy transfer (3)
- enhancement (3)
- entanglement (3)
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- entrepreneurship education (3)
- entropy (3)
- environmental DNA (3)
- enzyme immobilization (3)
- equality (3)
- equatorial electrojet (3)
- equatorial ionosphere (3)
- equi-singular connections (3)
- equifinality (3)
- estimation (3)
- evaporites (3)
- event-related brain potentials (3)
- exercise therapy (3)
- expectation (3)
- exploitation (3)
- extension (3)
- extraction (3)
- extreme rainfall (3)
- face perception (3)
- fatty acid metabolism (3)
- federalism (3)
- ferroelectret (3)
- fertilization (3)
- films (3)
- finger counting (3)
- firm performance (3)
- first-passage (3)
- flood (3)
- flood loss (3)
- flow (3)
- flow cytometry (3)
- flower development (3)
- fluctuating light (3)
- fluid inclusions (3)
- fluid-rock interaction (3)
- fluorescence microscopy (3)
- forestREplot (3)
- formal languages (3)
- framework (3)
- friendship (3)
- fruit (3)
- frustration (3)
- functional response (3)
- fundamental frequency (3)
- galaxies: fundamental parameters (3)
- garden-path effect (3)
- garnet (3)
- gaze-contingent displays (3)
- gender gap (3)
- gender inequality (3)
- gene duplication (3)
- gene regulatory network (3)
- general (3)
- generalizability (3)
- genes (3)
- geomorphometry (3)
- geophysics (3)
- giftedness (3)
- glacier (3)
- global jets (3)
- globular clusters: individual: NGC 6397 (3)
- glucan (3)
- glucosinolates (3)
- gradient flow (3)
- granite (3)
- graphs (3)
- grasslands (3)
- ground reaction force (3)
- groundwater (3)
- group field theory (3)
- growth rate (3)
- guideline (3)
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- habituation (3)
- handgrip strength (3)
- handwriting (3)
- healthcare (3)
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- heart rate variability (3)
- heat (3)
- heavy rainfall (3)
- helical magnetic fields (3)
- hemocompatibility (3)
- hemoglobin amount (3)
- heritage language (3)
- heritage speakers (3)
- heteroatoms (3)
- heterogeneous catalysis (3)
- heterosis (3)
- heuristics (3)
- high pressure (3)
- high temperature (3)
- historiography (3)
- holocene (3)
- homeostasis (3)
- housing (3)
- human-computer interaction (3)
- hydrogen bonds (3)
- hydrolysis (3)
- hydroxyapatite (3)
- hypoxia (3)
- iCheck (3)
- ideology (3)
- imaging spectroscopy (3)
- imitation (3)
- immigrants (3)
- impedance spectroscopy (3)
- impulsivity (3)
- in-service teacher training (3)
- incision (3)
- infant (3)
- infiltration (3)
- information (3)
- infrared: diffuse background (3)
- inheritance (3)
- injury (3)
- inner magnetosphere (3)
- inorganic perovskites (3)
- insect (3)
- insurance (3)
- interception (3)
- interfaces (3)
- intergovernmental relations (3)
- intermediate disturbance hypothesis (3)
- international (3)
- international law (3)
- intersectionality (3)
- intimate partner violence (3)
- intraspecific trait variation (3)
- intrinsic motivation (3)
- introgression (3)
- inundation (3)
- invasion (3)
- inverse analysis (3)
- inverse micelles (3)
- ionosphere (3)
- islands (3)
- isokinetic (3)
- kidney (3)
- knickpoint (3)
- knowledge (3)
- knowledge sharing (3)
- lactate (3)
- lake monitoring (3)
- land-use intensity (3)
- languages (3)
- last glacial maximum (3)
- late Holocene (3)
- laterality (3)
- latitude (3)
- latitudinal gradient (3)
- leadership (3)
- learning environment (3)
- learning factories (3)
- learning factory (3)
- lexicon size (3)
- life course (3)
- life-history traits (3)
- lifestyle (3)
- light variability (3)
- line: profiles (3)
- linear programming (3)
- lipid (3)
- lipopolysaccharide (3)
- literatures of the world (3)
- lithium-sulfur batteries (3)
- lithosphere (3)
- loading rate (3)
- locus of control (3)
- long-term effects (3)
- machine (3)
- macrocycles (3)
- magnetic reconnection (3)
- major depression (3)
- mass (3)
- maturation (3)
- maximal isometric Adaptive Force (3)
- meadow (3)
- mechanism (3)
- memory effects (3)
- mesenchymal stem cells (3)
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- methods: statistical (3)
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- microtubules (3)
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- mind wandering (3)
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- modality (3)
- modularity (3)
- molecular evolution (3)
- molybdoenzyme (3)
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- morality (3)
- morphometrics (3)
- motivational interviewing (3)
- motor control (3)
- mouse (3)
- mu-DSC (3)
- multi-level system (3)
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- muscle power (3)
- musicality (3)
- n-alkanes (3)
- nanotriangles (3)
- narrative (3)
- naturalism (3)
- needs (3)
- neovascularization (3)
- network reconstruction (3)
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- neutral endopeptidase (3)
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- nominalization (3)
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- nonlinear (3)
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- oil palm (3)
- older adults (3)
- olivine (3)
- online discrimination (3)
- online hate (3)
- optimal foraging (3)
- order (3)
- organ size (3)
- organic semiconductors (3)
- outcomes (3)
- oxidation (3)
- paleoaltimetry (3)
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- paleolimnology (3)
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- palladium (3)
- parafoveal (3)
- parafoveal-on-foveal effect (3)
- parameter estimation (3)
- parameterized complexity (3)
- parental mediation (3)
- particle-in-cell simulations (3)
- pattern formation (3)
- peatlands (3)
- permafrost degradation (3)
- permeability (3)
- phase separation (3)
- phase transition (3)
- phenols (3)
- phenomenology (3)
- phonetics (3)
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- phospholipids (3)
- photocurrent generation (3)
- photofragmentation (3)
- photooxygenation (3)
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- physical aggression (3)
- picture naming (3)
- piezoelectret (3)
- piezoelectrets (3)
- planets and satellites: individual (Saturn) (3)
- plant community (3)
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- plant functional trait (3)
- plant growth (3)
- plant invasion (3)
- plant-plant interactions (3)
- plasma membrane (3)
- plume (3)
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- point process (3)
- policy advice (3)
- political ideology (3)
- politics (3)
- pollination (3)
- poly(A) polymerase (3)
- poly(ether imide) (3)
- poly(lactic acid) (3)
- polyelectrolyte adsorption (3)
- polyethylene (3)
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- polymorphism (3)
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- polyzwitterions (3)
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- populations (3)
- pornography (3)
- positive selection (3)
- postural stability (3)
- preactivation (3)
- precuneus (3)
- predator-prey model (3)
- preferences (3)
- pressure (3)
- primary care (3)
- primary metabolism (3)
- proactive aggression (3)
- proactivity (3)
- probabilistic (3)
- probes (3)
- probiotics (3)
- problem solving (3)
- production (3)
- programming (3)
- protection (3)
- protein adsorption (3)
- protein folding (3)
- protein self-assembly (3)
- protein-phenol interactions (3)
- protein-protein interactions (3)
- proteinuria (3)
- psychometric properties (3)
- psychotherapy process (3)
- pubertal timing (3)
- publication bias (3)
- pump-probe (3)
- pupillometry (3)
- qualitative research (3)
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- quantum friction (3)
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- questions (3)
- radicals (3)
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- rampage (3)
- random walks (3)
- range shifts (3)
- ranking (3)
- rape myth acceptance (3)
- rat (3)
- rationalism (3)
- reaction mechanisms (3)
- reactive aggression (3)
- rearrangement (3)
- reasoning (3)
- reference (3)
- regime shift (3)
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- regression (3)
- regression tree (3)
- reinforcement learning (3)
- relatedness (3)
- relationships (3)
- relative rank (3)
- relativistic jets (3)
- remagnetization (3)
- replication (3)
- representation learning (3)
- reproduction (3)
- research design (3)
- resistin (3)
- reward (3)
- rhythmic grouping (3)
- rice (3)
- risk analysis (3)
- risk assessment (3)
- risk factor (3)
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- risk reduction (3)
- rivers (3)
- robustness (3)
- rodent (3)
- root traits (3)
- roughness (3)
- run time analysis (3)
- rural (3)
- salinity gradient (3)
- salt diffusion (3)
- sanctions (3)
- sarcopenia (3)
- savanna (3)
- scale (3)
- scaled Brownian motion (3)
- scaling (3)
- scenario analysis (3)
- school adjustment (3)
- school shooting (3)
- sea-level rise (3)
- secondary school (3)
- sedaDNA (3)
- sediment dynamics (3)
- sedimentology (3)
- seed bank (3)
- seed dispersal (3)
- seismic hazard (3)
- self-employment (3)
- semantic (3)
- semi-parliamentarism (3)
- semi-parliamentary government (3)
- sentence reading (3)
- sex differences (3)
- sexual assault (3)
- sexual violence (3)
- sexualization (3)
- shape-memory polymer (3)
- sick leave (3)
- sickness absence (3)
- similarity measures (3)
- single nucleotide polymorphism (3)
- single-case experimental design (3)
- singularity (3)
- skeletal robustness (3)
- smartphone (3)
- social (3)
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- social capital (3)
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- social status (3)
- sociolinguistics (3)
- soft actuators (3)
- software (3)
- software development (3)
- soil (3)
- soil aggregation (3)
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- soil texture (3)
- soziale Ungleichheit (3)
- space (3)
- spatial (3)
- spatial cognition (3)
- special educational needs (3)
- species distribution modelling (3)
- species distribution models (3)
- specific root length (3)
- specific surface area (3)
- spectra (3)
- spectroelectrochemistry (3)
- sphingosine (3)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (3)
- spin (3)
- sport-specific performance (3)
- stakeholder participation (3)
- standards (3)
- starch granule surface (3)
- stars: (3)
- stars: coronae (3)
- stars: distances (3)
- stars: individual (WR 6) (3)
- stars: mass loss (3)
- stars: pre-main sequence (3)
- start-up subsidies (3)
- state (3)
- statins (3)
- statistical (3)
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- statistical seismology (3)
- sterols (3)
- stochastic differential equations (3)
- stochastic process (3)
- stochastic processes (theory) (3)
- stochastic resetting (3)
- stoichiometry (3)
- storage (3)
- streamflow (3)
- stress tolerance (3)
- stress-gradient hypothesis (3)
- striking combat sports (3)
- subdiffusion (3)
- subjective well-being (3)
- substance use (3)
- sucrose (3)
- sucrose responsiveness (3)
- sulfate reduction (3)
- superstatistics (3)
- support vector machine (3)
- surface electromyography (3)
- surface processes (3)
- surface relief grating (3)
- surface treatment (3)
- surfactants (3)
- survey (3)
- sustainable consumption (3)
- synchrotron X-ray diffraction (3)
- system analysis (3)
- tacit knowledge (3)
- talent (3)
- talent identification (3)
- tandem reaction (3)
- tandem reactions (3)
- teacher (3)
- technical advance (3)
- tectonic geomorphology (3)
- telemedicine (3)
- tendinopathy (3)
- territorial reforms (3)
- text mining (3)
- theory of mind (3)
- thermal modeling (3)
- thermodynamics (3)
- timing (3)
- top-down control (3)
- trade (3)
- training intervention (3)
- transcription (3)
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- transformation (3)
- transformations (3)
- treatment (3)
- trnL (3)
- trophic interactions (3)
- trustworthiness (3)
- tunneling (3)
- type 2 (3)
- ultrafast dynamics (3)
- upper mantle (3)
- usability (3)
- validation study (3)
- value change (3)
- value creation (3)
- variance (3)
- vascular calcification (3)
- vascular plants (3)
- vascularization (3)
- vegetation (3)
- vegetation change (3)
- verbs (3)
- verification (3)
- vertical coupling (3)
- victim (3)
- victim blame (3)
- virulence (3)
- viscosity (3)
- visual attention (3)
- vocabulary (3)
- water dikinase (3)
- water resources (3)
- water security (3)
- water-soluble polymers (3)
- wave-particle interactions (3)
- weak ergodicity breaking (3)
- weathering (3)
- weight (3)
- weight loss (3)
- wh-movement (3)
- window of opportunity (3)
- women (3)
- words (3)
- working memory updating (3)
- yedoma (3)
- youth athletes (3)
- Ökonomische Bildung (3)
- (Anti)aromaticity (2)
- ) (2)
- 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phoshphate aldolase (2)
- 2D perovskites (2)
- 2P cross section (2)
- 3D Point Clouds (2)
- 3D city models (2)
- 3D modeling (2)
- 3D structure (2)
- 3D thermal model (2)
- 3D visualization (2)
- 4-nitrophenol (2)
- ABCB7 (2)
- AIP1 (2)
- AMD (2)
- AMOC (2)
- AMSTAR 2 (2)
- APCI (2)
- ARL3 (2)
- ARPES (2)
- AUD (2)
- Abandonment (2)
- Acacia mellifera (2)
- Academic competencies (2)
- Acadian (2)
- Acer platanoides (2)
- Achievement emotions (2)
- Achilles and patellar tendon (2)
- Actin (2)
- Action (2)
- Action effects (2)
- Action prediction (2)
- Activation suppression model (2)
- Active labor market policy (2)
- Active learning (2)
- Active regions, magnetic fields (2)
- Actuation (2)
- Actuators (2)
- Adam Smith (2)
- Adenylyl cyclase (2)
- Adipose tissue (2)
- Adoption (2)
- Adsorbent (2)
- Adult height (2)
- Adverbs (2)
- Affective Computing (2)
- Affordability (2)
- African indigenous vegetables (2)
- Afrika (2)
- Age (2)
- Age at First Drink (2)
- Age of Revolutions (2)
- Aggressive behavior (2)
- Agile (2)
- Agreement attraction (2)
- Agricultural field (2)
- Agricultural landscapes (2)
- Agricultural management (2)
- Agriculture (2)
- Airborne laser scanning (ALS) (2)
- Alborz range (2)
- Alexander von Humboldt (2)
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- Alignment (2)
- Alkylpyridinium salts (2)
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- Alzheimer (2)
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- Amino acid (2)
- Amphibians (2)
- Amplicon sequencing (2)
- Amylase (2)
- Analytical models (2)
- Ancient Rome (2)
- Andean Plateau (2)
- Andreas Gryphius (2)
- Android (2)
- Angola (2)
- Animacy (2)
- Animal movement (2)
- Anisotropic effect (2)
- Ankle injury (2)
- Ankle sprain (2)
- Anna Seghers (2)
- Anomaly detection (2)
- Answer Set Programming (ASP) (2)
- Anthraquinone (2)
- Anti-doping guideline (2)
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- Antibiotic resistance (2)
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- Antike (2)
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- Antioxidant genes (2)
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- Antisemitismusforschung (2)
- Antiviral (2)
- Aphis fabae (2)
- App (2)
- Approximation algorithms (2)
- Aptian (2)
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- Aquatic fungi (2)
- Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
- Ar-40/Ar-39 age (2)
- Ar-40/Ar-39 dating (2)
- Aragonite (2)
- Arbeit (2)
- Archiv (2)
- Arctic Ocean (2)
- Arctic haze (2)
- Arenesulfonamides (2)
- Arid Central Asia (2)
- Aristoteles (2)
- Arsenic speciation (2)
- Articulation duration (2)
- Artificial intelligence (2)
- Artificial language learning (2)
- Artificial neural networks (2)
- Asphodelaceae (2)
- Asplanchna brightwellii (2)
- Asymptotics of solutions (2)
- Athletes (2)
- Atlantic Ocean (2)
- Atlantic studies (2)
- Atmospheric dynamics (2)
- Attitude (2)
- Attribution (2)
- Aufklarung (2)
- Auger electron spectroscopy (2)
- Augmentation (2)
- Augmented Reality (2)
- Augmented and virtual reality (2)
- August 2002 flood (2)
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- Langmuir monolayers (2)
- Langmuir-Schaefer method (2)
- Laplacian (2)
- Large fragment deletion (2)
- Larger Foraminifera (2)
- Larger foraminifera (2)
- Larix cajanderi (2)
- Laser (2)
- Laser powder bed fusion (2)
- Laser spectroscopy (2)
- Laser-SNMS (2)
- Late positive potential (2)
- Lateglacial (2)
- Latein (2)
- Lateinische Literatur (2)
- Latent Class Analysis (2)
- Latent profile analysis (2)
- Lateralization (2)
- Latin (2)
- Latin America (2)
- Latin American literature (2)
- Latin literature (2)
- Law (2)
- Layer-by-layer (2)
- Leaf area index (2)
- Leaf senescence (2)
- Learning analytics (2)
- Learning time (2)
- Lebensqualität (2)
- Lebensstil (2)
- Lecture Video Archive (2)
- Left-ordered groups (2)
- Legitimacy (2)
- Legs (2)
- Lehre (2)
- Lehrer (2)
- Leishmania (2)
- Lena Delta (2)
- Lernfabrik (2)
- Lernzeit (2)
- Lesen (2)
- Levant (2)
- Level of confidence (2)
- Levenberg-Marquardt method (2)
- Levy walks (2)
- Liberia (2)
- Liebe (2)
- Life course (2)
- Ligand design (2)
- Linagliptin (2)
- Lindenmayer systems (2)
- Linear mixed effect model (2)
- Linear mixed models (2)
- Linguistic annotation (2)
- Linguistics (2)
- Lipase (2)
- Lipid (2)
- Lipid metabolism (2)
- Liquids (2)
- Literaturtheorie (2)
- Literaturwissenschaft (2)
- Lithospheric structure (2)
- Local Autonomy Index (2)
- Local adaptation (2)
- Local authorities (2)
- Local self-government (2)
- Locality (2)
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (2)
- Locally structured standard deviation (2)
- Locomotion (2)
- Loess (2)
- Long COVID (2)
- Long-term change (2)
- Longitudinal Study (2)
- Loss (2)
- Low back pain (2)
- Lower crust (2)
- Lu-Hf (2)
- Luingo caldera (2)
- Lukacs (2)
- Lyriktheorie (2)
- Lysozyme (2)
- MAC security (2)
- MADS-domain transcription factor (2)
- MAOA (2)
- MASW (2)
- MAT (2)
- MCMC (2)
- MD simulations (2)
- MODIS (2)
- MOOCs (2)
- MRI (2)
- MS (2)
- MSMEs (2)
- MU-M (2)
- Macarorchestia remyi (2)
- Machine (2)
- Machinery and plant engineering (2)
- Macrocycles (2)
- Macrophytes (2)
- Magnetic field variations through time (2)
- Magnetic field, photosphere, corona (2)
- Magnetic fields, corona (2)
- Magnetism (2)
- Magnetosphere (2)
- Major depressive disorder (2)
- Makran (2)
- Maltose-modified PEI (2)
- Maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (2)
- Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie (2)
- Manufacturing (2)
- Mapping (2)
- Marine environmental management (2)
- Marketing (2)
- Markov model (2)
- Markov processes (2)
- Martial arts (2)
- Marx (2)
- Marxism (2)
- Masked priming (2)
- Mastery goals (2)
- Mathematics (2)
- Mathematik (2)
- Mating system (2)
- Maule (2)
- Maximal subsemigroups (2)
- Maximum expected earthquake magnitude (2)
- Mean July temperature (2)
- Meat (2)
- Mechanism (2)
- Mechanomyography (2)
- Medaille (2)
- Medaillenkunst (2)
- Media in education (2)
- Mediation analysis (2)
- Mediterranean basin (2)
- Mediterranean diet (2)
- Mediterranean shrubland (2)
- Meerfelder Maar (2)
- Mellin symbols with values in the edge calculus (2)
- Mellin transform (2)
- Menarche (2)
- Mendelian randomization (2)
- Menschenrecht (2)
- Mental (2)
- Mental disorder (2)
- Mercuric mercury (2)
- Mercury (2)
- Meromorphic operator-valued symbols (2)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (2)
- Metabarcoding (2)
- Metabolic networks (2)
- Metabolome analysis (2)
- Metacognition (2)
- Metal complexation (2)
- Metamaterials (2)
- Metaphor (2)
- Metasomatism (2)
- Meteorites (2)
- Methanogenic archaea (2)
- Method (2)
- Method comparison (2)
- Methylation (2)
- Mice (2)
- Michael addition (2)
- Micro-XRF (2)
- Microbial abundance (2)
- Microbial ecology (2)
- Microcystis (2)
- Microemulsion (2)
- Microorganisms (2)
- Microperoxidase-11 (2)
- Micropollutants (2)
- Microsaccade (2)
- Microsaccades (2)
- Microsatellite (2)
- Microstructure (2)
- Microwave chemistry (2)
- Mild cognitive impairment (2)
- Milium effusum (2)
- Mimicry (2)
- Minerals (2)
- Minimax convergence rates (2)
- Miocene (2)
- Missions (2)
- Mitosis (2)
- Mittag-Leffler function (2)
- Mittelschicht (2)
- Mixed-age learning (2)
- Mixotrophy (2)
- Mixtures (2)
- MoVo (2)
- Mobile Learning (2)
- Mobile devices (2)
- Modality (2)
- Model checking (2)
- Model order reduction (2)
- Model transformation (2)
- Model-data comparison (2)
- Modellierung (2)
- Modern analogue technique (2)
- Modified mycotoxins (2)
- Molecular orientation (2)
- Molybdopterin (2)
- Monetary Fund (2)
- Mongolia (2)
- Monolayer (2)
- Mont Terri (2)
- Monte Carlo (2)
- Mood (2)
- Moon (2)
- Morphological structure (2)
- Mother-infant interaction (2)
- Motion (2)
- Motor system (2)
- Mountain basins (2)
- Mountain building (2)
- Mouse (2)
- Mowing (2)
- MtDNA (2)
- Multi-locus phylogeny (2)
- Multilayer (2)
- Multilevel latent change model (2)
- Multilevel modeling (2)
- Multimedia (2)
- Multimodal analysis (2)
- Multimodality (2)
- Multiple sclerosis (2)
- Multiple zeta values (2)
- Multiplex mutagenesis (2)
- Multivariate data analysis (2)
- Music (2)
- Music cognition (2)
- Mysticism (2)
- Mythos (2)
- Mündlichkeit (2)
- N ligands (2)
- N-2 reduction (2)
- N-of-1 trial (2)
- N2 (2)
- NAC (2)
- NAC transcription factor (2)
- NAP-XPS (2)
- NCA (2)
- NF1 (2)
- NOR (2)
- NP-completeness (2)
- NRPS (2)
- NW Iran (2)
- Nanogranitoids (2)
- Nanohybrid (2)
- Nanoparticle uptake (2)
- Nanotechnology (2)
- Nanotoxicology (2)
- Nash equilibrium (2)
- Nationalismus (2)
- Natural products (2)
- Near East (2)
- Negotiation Performance (2)
- Neoliberalism (2)
- Neoliberalismus (2)
- Neotectonics (2)
- Nest predation (2)
- Nested graph conditions (2)
- Network analysis (2)
- Network reconstruction (2)
- Network structure (2)
- Networked foresight (2)
- Neural Networks (2)
- Neuroendocrine tumors (2)
- Neuropeptide Y (2)
- Neutral tone (2)
- New Guinea (2)
- New business formation (2)
- New institutionalism (2)
- Nicolai Hartmann (2)
- Nigeria (2)
- Niobium (2)
- Nitrate (2)
- Nitrogen-limitation hypothesis (2)
- Non-canonical sentences (2)
- Non-fluent aphasia (2)
- Non-independent mate choice (2)
- Non-monetary valuation (2)
- Non-monotonic reasoning (2)
- Non-stationarity (2)
- Non-target terrestrial plants (2)
- Nonlinear coupling (2)
- Nordeste (2)
- North America (2)
- North Anatolian Fault (2)
- North Tabriz Fault (2)
- Numerical experiment (2)
- Numerical modelling (2)
- Numismatik (2)
- Nursing home (2)
- NutriAct Family Study (2)
- Nutrient (2)
- Nutritional quality (2)
- Nyctereutes procyonoides (2)
- O-serotyping (2)
- OCD (2)
- OSL dating (2)
- Offending (2)
- Office chair (2)
- Oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) (2)
- Oligopoly competition (2)
- Onsager-Machlup functional (2)
- Open access (2)
- Open source (2)
- OpenStreetMap (2)
- Ophrys (2)
- Optimierung (2)
- Optionality (2)
- Orbital forcing (2)
- Orchestia montagui (2)
- Order-preserving transformations (2)
- Organic carbon (2)
- Organic electronics (2)
- Organic geochemistry (2)
- Organic matter degradation (2)
- Organic semiconductors (2)
- Organisationen (2)
- Organisationssoziologie (2)
- Organization theory (2)
- Organizations (2)
- Organogenesis (2)
- Orogenic wedge (2)
- Orthoptera (2)
- Oryctolagus cuniculus (2)
- Oscillator ensembles (2)
- Ostracods (2)
- Othering (2)
- Outcome (2)
- Outcrossing (2)
- Outflows (2)
- Output-Analyse (2)
- Outputanalyse (2)
- Oxygen (2)
- Ozone (2)
- P ligands (2)
- P-waves (2)
- PBS1 (2)
- PCLake (2)
- PCPDTBT (2)
- PCR (2)
- PER (2)
- PET (2)
- PI3K (2)
- PKS (2)
- PTEN (2)
- PTH (2)
- PTSD (2)
- Pacific studies (2)
- Pak choi (2)
- Palaeoecology (2)
- Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction (2)
- Paleoceanography (2)
- Paleoecology (2)
- Paleoenvironment (2)
- Palmitate (2)
- Panama (2)
- Parameterized complexity (2)
- Paratethys (2)
- Parents (2)
- Paris agreement (2)
- Paris-Edinburgh press (2)
- Parkinson disease (2)
- Parteien (2)
- Passive Microwave (2)
- Pastoralism (2)
- Pasture (2)
- Path modelling (2)
- Patterning (2)
- Peat (2)
- Pedagogical issues (2)
- Perceived ankle instability (2)
- Periphyton (2)
- Peronosporaceae (2)
- Personalauswahl (2)
- Personalised medicine (2)
- Personality traits (2)
- Personalized medicine (2)
- Perylene (2)
- Petrography (2)
- Pfadmodell (2)
- Pflicht (2)
- Phantoms (2)
- Pharmacokinetics (2)
- Phase morphology (2)
- Phase variation (2)
- Phenological modelling (2)
- Phenylpropanoids (2)
- Philipp Melanchthon (2)
- Philippine archipelago (2)
- Philosophical anthropology (2)
- Phonology (2)
- Phosphate (2)
- Phospholipids (2)
- Phosphorus limitation (2)
- Photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- Photosensitive polymer brushes (2)
- Physical exercise (2)
- Phytoliths (2)
- Picard-Fuchs equations (2)
- Pickering emulsions (2)
- Picture-word interference (2)
- Pigments (2)
- Pipe networks (2)
- Planar polarity (2)
- Planspiel (2)
- Plant community (2)
- Plant community model (2)
- Plant functional groups (2)
- Plant height (2)
- Plant macrofossils (2)
- Plant performance (2)
- Plant-based diet (2)
- Plate tectonics (2)
- Platelets (2)
- Platform Innovation (2)
- Platform economy (2)
- Pliocene (2)
- Pluralism (2)
- Plyometric exercise (2)
- Poeciliidae (2)
- Poincare inequality (2)
- Point-based rendering (2)
- Point-light action (2)
- Pointing (2)
- Polarization (2)
- Policy change (2)
- Political System (2)
- Politics & International Relations (2)
- Politikberatung (2)
- Politische Bildung (2)
- Politisches System (2)
- Polizei- und Ordnungsrecht (2)
- Pollen record (2)
- Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (2)
- Polyampholytes (2)
- Polyelectrolytes (2)
- Polyethyleneimine (2)
- Polymer dispersions (2)
- Polymerization (2)
- Polynomial regression (2)
- Ponds (2)
- Pontides (2)
- Population density (2)
- Population structure (2)
- Population viability analysis (2)
- Porosity (2)
- Porous silicon (2)
- Porphyrins (2)
- Position Generator (2)
- Positive selection (2)
- Postmoderne (2)
- Poststrukturalismus (2)
- Postural stability (2)
- Potassium (2)
- Potsdam/Geschichte (2)
- Praxissemester (2)
- Precipitation gradient (2)
- Precise Point Positioning (2)
- Predator-prey interactions (2)
- Prediabetes (2)
- Predictability (2)
- Predictor (2)
- Preference (2)
- Preference Handling (2)
- Preferential flow (2)
- Pressure distribution (2)
- Preterm birth (2)
- Primula (2)
- Prior knowledge (2)
- Proactive/reactive balance (2)
- Proactivity (2)
- Probability (2)
- Probability distributions (2)
- Process model (2)
- Processes (2)
- Procrustes rotation (2)
- Professional Knowledge (2)
- Professional knowledge (2)
- Professionswissen (2)
- Progesterone (2)
- Programming (2)
- Proliferation (2)
- Prominences, active (2)
- Pronoun resolution (2)
- Prosodic boundaries (2)
- Proteasome (2)
- Protein complexes (2)
- Protein expression (2)
- Protein oxidation (2)
- Protein restriction (2)
- Protein secondary structure (2)
- Protestantismus (2)
- Prototyping (2)
- Proust (2)
- Proxy (2)
- Prozessmanagement (2)
- Prozessorientierte Didaktik (2)
- Psycholinguistics (2)
- Psychological functioning (2)
- Psychologie (2)
- Psychologiestudierende (2)
- Psychology (2)
- Psychopathology (2)
- Psychophysiology (2)
- Psychosocial risk factors (2)
- Psychosocial stress (2)
- Psychotherapierichtlinie (2)
- Psychotherapy research (2)
- Public administration (2)
- Pump-probe (2)
- Puna Plateau (2)
- Push-pull character (2)
- Push-pull effect (2)
- QCA (2)
- QTL (2)
- Qaidam Basin (2)
- Quality assurance (2)
- Qualität (2)
- Quantitative Trait Locus (2)
- Quantitative Trait Locus analysis (2)
- Quantum dots (2)
- Quantum dynamics (2)
- Quartz (2)
- Quasilinear equations (2)
- Query optimization (2)
- Questionnaire (2)
- Questionnaires (2)
- R (2)
- R Shiny (2)
- RAFT (2)
- RCT (2)
- REDD+ (2)
- REE (2)
- REMPI (2)
- RNA-guided Cas9 (2)
- RP2 (2)
- RT models (2)
- Radiative transfer (2)
- Radiogenic isotopes (2)
- Rainfall (2)
- Rainfall gradient (2)
- Raman imaging (2)
- Raman microspectroscopy (2)
- Randomized-controlled trial (2)
- Ranking (2)
- Rapeseed oil (2)
- Rapid automatized naming (2)
- Rasa (2)
- Rassismus (2)
- Rationality (2)
- Rattus norvegicus (2)
- Rayleigh waves (2)
- Reactive oxygen species (2)
- Real Socialism (2)
- Real time (2)
- Realsozialismus (2)
- Reanalysis (2)
- Rearing experiment (2)
- Rearrangement (2)
- Reasoning (2)
- Receiver functions (2)
- Rechtschreibkompetenz (2)
- Rechtsradikalismus (2)
- Redox marker (2)
- Redox polymer (2)
- Reflexives (2)
- Reformbereitschaft (2)
- Refugee Tales (2)
- Refugees (2)
- Regionalization (2)
- Regression (2)
- Regulation (2)
- Rehearsal (2)
- Reitkunst (2)
- Relapse (2)
- Relative clause (2)
- Relative clauses (2)
- Release (2)
- Religionsbegriff (2)
- Religionsfreiheit (2)
- Religiosity (2)
- Removable sets (2)
- Renal failure (2)
- Renal function (2)
- Renewable energy (2)
- Renewable resources (2)
- Replication (2)
- Reproducibility (2)
- Reproducing kernel Hilbert space (2)
- Republikanismus (2)
- ResNet (2)
- Residual stresses (2)
- Resistance (2)
- Resonances (2)
- Resurvey (2)
- Retention (2)
- Retina (2)
- Retinol (2)
- Retrieval (2)
- Ring tensiometry (2)
- Ring-opening polymerization (2)
- Rings (2)
- Rio Grande (2)
- Risk factor (2)
- Risk perception (2)
- River (2)
- River restoration (2)
- Robustness (2)
- Rock magnetism (2)
- Rodent (2)
- Rohstoffpolitik (2)
- Romania (2)
- Rossby waves (2)
- Rotifera (2)
- Rougon-Macquart (2)
- Royden boundary (2)
- Rubisco (2)
- Run time analysis (2)
- Running (2)
- Runtime analysis (2)
- Russian Arctic (2)
- SAMT (2)
- SAR (2)
- SARS-CoV-2 (2)
- SAUR (2)
- SCED (2)
- SDG interactions (2)
- SDS PAGE (2)
- SEIRA spectroelectrochemistry (2)
- SELEX (2)
- SEMG-pattern (2)
- SEPE (2)
- SFA (2)
- SFON (2)
- SIMS (2)
- SLA (2)
- SMARC (2)
- SME (2)
- SMEs (2)
- SPARQL (2)
- SPM (2)
- SQL (2)
- SRTM (2)
- SSW (2)
- Salmonella Typhimurium (2)
- Sampling rate (2)
- Satellite magnetics (2)
- Saturated hydraulic conductivity (2)
- Saturn (2)
- Scaling (2)
- Scattering theory (2)
- Scenario (2)
- Scenario planning (2)
- Scher-Montroll transport (2)
- Schizophrenia (2)
- Schrodinger equation (2)
- Schrodinger operators (2)
- Schuldrecht (2)
- Schweden (2)
- Scientific discovery learning (2)
- Sclerochronology (2)
- Seawater intrusion (2)
- Second Empire (2)
- Second World (2)
- Secret society of torturers (2)
- Secularism (2)
- Secure Configuration (2)
- Sediment Transport (2)
- Sediment fingerprinting (2)
- Sediment geochemistry (2)
- Sediment reuse (2)
- Sedimentary basin (2)
- Sedimentology (2)
- Sediments (2)
- Seed mass (2)
- Seismic interferometry (2)
- Seismic monitoring and test-ban treaty verification (2)
- Seismotectonic segmentation (2)
- Seismotectonics (2)
- Selbstwirksamkeit (2)
- Selection (2)
- Selection vs. age-class forests (2)
- Self (2)
- Self-assembly (2)
- Self-concept (2)
- Self-harm (2)
- Self-organization (2)
- Self-reflection (2)
- Self-stigmatization (2)
- Semantic Web (2)
- Semantic preview benefit (2)
- Semantic priming (2)
- Semantics (2)
- Semantik (2)
- Semi-arid (2)
- Semiconductors (2)
- Semitic (2)
- Sensor fusion (2)
- Sensors (2)
- Sentence-picture matching (2)
- Sentinel-1 InSAR (2)
- Sentinel-2 (2)
- Sepulkralkultur (2)
- Sequence analysis (2)
- Sequential instruction (2)
- Service-oriented computing (2)
- Sesia Zone (2)
- Sexismus (2)
- Sexual conflict (2)
- Sexual dimorphism (2)
- Sexualität (2)
- Shame (2)
- Shannon diversity (2)
- Shannon entropy (2)
- Shape memory (2)
- Shape-memory effect (2)
- Shape-memory polymer (2)
- Shire River (2)
- Shocks (2)
- Shona (2)
- Shrews (2)
- Si fractions (2)
- Signal detection theory (2)
- Signal transduction (2)
- Signalling (2)
- Silicon isotopes (2)
- Simon effect (2)
- Simulated patients (2)
- Simulation model (2)
- Sinai diffusion (2)
- Single/dual tasking (2)
- Site characterization (2)
- Site response (2)
- Situated cognition (2)
- Siwaliks (2)
- Skeletal muscle cells (2)
- Skin (2)
- Skin nanocarrier (2)
- Skin penetration (2)
- Slab break-off (2)
- Slope (2)
- Slope exposure (2)
- Small (2)
- Small for gestational age (2)
- Small mammals (2)
- Smart micro-grids (2)
- Smoking (2)
- Social (2)
- Social Inequality (2)
- Social cognition (2)
- Social cues (2)
- Social inequality (2)
- Social learning (2)
- Social origin (2)
- Socioeconomic scenarios (2)
- Software (2)
- Soil function (2)
- Soil heterogeneity (2)
- Soil texture (2)
- Solidago gigantea (2)
- Solidarity (2)
- Solvent effects (2)
- Solvents (2)
- Solvothermal synthesis (2)
- Somatoform disorder (2)
- Sonderpädagogik (2)
- Sound (2)
- South American Monsoon System (2)
- South American monsoon system (2)
- Southern Italy (2)
- Sowjetunion (2)
- Soziale Herkunft (2)
- Soziale Ungleichheit (2)
- Sozialer Survey Österreich (2)
- Sozialkapital (2)
- Sozialstruktur (2)
- Space geodetic surveys (2)
- Spatial analysis (2)
- Spatial autocorrelation (2)
- Spatial bias (2)
- Spatial cognition (2)
- Spatial distribution (2)
- Spatial-numerical associations (2)
- Species co-existence (2)
- Species comparison (2)
- Species complex (2)
- Species distribution models (2)
- Species loss (2)
- Specific entropy (2)
- Spectral analysis (2)
- Spectrophotometry (2)
- Speech production (2)
- Speed (2)
- Speleothems (2)
- Spelling (2)
- Spin probes (2)
- Splicing (2)
- Spracherwerb (2)
- Sprachkontakt (2)
- Sprachreflexion (2)
- Sprachwissenschaft (2)
- Squeak (2)
- Staat (2)
- Stable carbon isotope (2)
- Stakeholder (2)
- Standard deviation (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Standardized patients (2)
- Starch (2)
- State (2)
- Statistical inverse problem (2)
- Statistical techniques (2)
- Steady-state balance (2)
- Stemflow (2)
- Stereochemistry (2)
- Steric effect (2)
- Sterols (2)
- Stochastic differential equations (2)
- Stoffwechsel (2)
- Strafrecht (2)
- Strain (2)
- Strategic growth adjustment (2)
- Streitkräfte (2)
- Stress pattern (2)
- Stress response (2)
- Strike-slip faults (2)
- Stroke (2)
- Strong-motion (2)
- Structural equation modeling (2)
- Strukturalismus (2)
- Student motivation (2)
- Studium (2)
- Sturmhochwasser (2)
- Subarctic North Pacific (2)
- Subject-verb agreement (2)
- Subjective well-being (2)
- Subsampling (2)
- Subsurface biosphere (2)
- Suchheuristiken (2)
- Suguta Valley (2)
- Sulfate (2)
- Sulfite oxidase (2)
- Sulphoxide (2)
- Sumatra (2)
- Sun: UV radiation (2)
- Sun: heliosphere (2)
- Sun: magnetic topology (2)
- Sun: sunspots (2)
- Supernova remnants (2)
- Superoxide (2)
- Support (2)
- Supramolecular chemistry (2)
- Surface (2)
- Surface composition (2)
- Surface exudates (2)
- Surface functionalization (2)
- Surface relief grating (2)
- Surface treatment (2)
- Surfactant (2)
- Surfactants (2)
- Survey Research Methods (2)
- Survival (2)
- Sustainable (2)
- Sustainable consumption (2)
- Sustainable development (2)
- Swarm constellation (2)
- Swedish (2)
- Syllabic tone (2)
- Synchronization control (2)
- Synchrotron (2)
- Syntax (2)
- Syntax-semantics interface (2)
- Syria (2)
- Systematics (2)
- TGF-beta 1 (2)
- TIG-welding (2)
- TIN (2)
- TMAO reductase (2)
- TMR (2)
- TRLFS (2)
- TRP channels (2)
- TRPC6 (2)
- Taft equation (2)
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- functionalization (2)
- functions (2)
- fungal diversity (2)
- fungi (2)
- fuzzy logic (2)
- gait analysis (2)
- galaxies (2)
- galaxies: clusters: general (2)
- galaxies: general (2)
- galaxies: individual: LMC (2)
- galaxies: individual: SMC (2)
- galaxies: individual: Small Magellanic Cloud (2)
- galaxies: magnetic fields (2)
- galaxies: star clusters: general (2)
- galaxies: stellar content (2)
- galaxies: structure (2)
- gallbladder cancer (2)
- gaming (2)
- gamma diversity (2)
- gamma rays: diffuse background (2)
- gamma-rays: stars (2)
- gas (2)
- gas chromatography (2)
- gas hydrate (2)
- gas sensing (2)
- gels (2)
- gender equality (2)
- gene regulation (2)
- gene regulatory networks (2)
- gene selection (2)
- gene-environment interaction (2)
- genealogy (2)
- general practitioners (2)
- general relativity (2)
- generators (2)
- genetic programming (2)
- genome assembly (2)
- genomic DNA conformation (2)
- genomic prediction (2)
- geodynamic modeling (2)
- geodynamics (2)
- geography (2)
- geomagnetic observatories (2)
- geothermal (2)
- geothermal energy (2)
- germination (2)
- geyser (2)
- gibberellic acid (2)
- girls (2)
- givenness (2)
- glacial erosion (2)
- glacial hazards (2)
- glacial lake outburst floods (2)
- glacial refugia (2)
- glaciers (2)
- glass (2)
- global climate governance (2)
- global commons (2)
- global environmental change (2)
- global hydrological model (2)
- global positioning system (2)
- global surface warming (2)
- glomerular filtration rate (2)
- glucocorticoid receptor (2)
- glucosinolate hydrolysis (2)
- glutathione (2)
- glycaemic control (2)
- glycobiology (2)
- glycopolymers (2)
- goal frames (2)
- gold nanostructures (2)
- gold nanotriangles (2)
- grade retention (2)
- grade-skipping (2)
- gradient boosting (2)
- grain-size distribution (2)
- grammatical illusion (2)
- grammaticalization (2)
- grammatography (2)
- granitoids (2)
- grapevine (2)
- graph (2)
- graph analysis (2)
- graphene (2)
- graphomotor control (2)
- gravitational lensing: strong (2)
- gravity (2)
- green (2)
- green recovery (2)
- green solvents (2)
- green-green dilemma (2)
- greenhouse gas (2)
- greenhouse gas emissions (2)
- grief (2)
- ground motion (2)
- ground reaction forces (2)
- ground response analysis (2)
- ground state (2)
- ground-penetrating radar (2)
- grounded cognition (2)
- groundwater flow (2)
- groundwater recharge (2)
- grouping (2)
- gut microbiota (2)
- habitat fragmentation (2)
- habitat use (2)
- habitus (2)
- hand (2)
- hantavirus (2)
- haplotype (2)
- health anxiety (2)
- health care (2)
- health policy (2)
- health risks (2)
- healthy diets (2)
- heart rate (2)
- heat diffusion (2)
- heat flow (2)
- heath potentials (2)
- helium-4 (2)
- hemispheric asymmetry (2)
- hemodynamics (2)
- hemoglobin (2)
- hepatic steatosis (2)
- hermeneutical injustice (2)
- hierarchical clustering (2)
- high-intensity interval training (2)
- high-pressure (2)
- high-sodium (2)
- hillslopes (2)
- histone modification (2)
- historical DNA (2)
- historical floods (2)
- history of German (2)
- holding capacity (2)
- holding isometric muscle action (HIMA) (2)
- honeybee (2)
- horizontal-branch (2)
- hormones (2)
- hospitalization (2)
- hostile attribution bias (2)
- household analysis (2)
- hoverflies (2)
- human activity (2)
- human capital (2)
- human evolution (2)
- human nutrition (2)
- human sulfite oxidase (2)
- human-wildlife conflict (2)
- humanism (2)
- humidity (2)
- hyaluronic acid (2)
- hybrid (2)
- hybrid capture (2)
- hybrid material (2)
- hybrid model (2)
- hybrid nanomaterials (2)
- hybrid perovskites (2)
- hybridoma (2)
- hybridoma technology (2)
- hydrochemistry (2)
- hydrogeology (2)
- hydrological drought (2)
- hydrological modeling (2)
- hydrological models (2)
- hyperbolic attractor (2)
- hyperbolic tilings (2)
- hyperglycemia (2)
- hypnosis (2)
- hypoechogenicities (2)
- hyporheic zone (2)
- hypotheses (2)
- ice absorption features (2)
- identity theory (2)
- illness anxiety disorder (2)
- illusion of control (2)
- image-based representation (2)
- imidazolium (2)
- immersion (2)
- immune system (2)
- immunoassay (2)
- immunology (2)
- impacts (2)
- implants (2)
- implicit (2)
- implicit attitude (2)
- implicit learning (2)
- improvement (2)
- in vitro (2)
- inclination shallowing (2)
- indigenous people (2)
- indirect facilitation (2)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (2)
- industrial organization (2)
- inequalities (2)
- inertial measurement unit (2)
- infection pathway (2)
- inflammatory bowel disease (2)
- inflectional morphology (2)
- infliximab (2)
- influenza (2)
- information flow control (2)
- information integration (2)
- information systems research (2)
- information technology (2)
- information theory (2)
- infrared thermography (2)
- infrared: galaxies (2)
- infrared: general (2)
- inorganic carbon uptake kinetics (2)
- input frequency (2)
- insects (2)
- institutional interplay (2)
- instrumental variables (2)
- instrumentation: miscellaneous (2)
- insulin signaling (2)
- integrated assessment models (2)
- intensification (2)
- intentional forgetting (2)
- interactional linguistics (2)
- intercultural competence (2)
- interdisciplinarity (2)
- interest (2)
- interference control (2)
- interference model (2)
- interferometry (2)
- interindividual differences (2)
- interleukin-8 (2)
- international legal order (2)
- international migration (2)
- international non-governmental organizations (2)
- international public administration (2)
- international relations (2)
- internationale Beziehungen (2)
- interoceptive sensitivity (2)
- interpersonal behavior (2)
- interstellar ice (2)
- intervention locality (2)
- interventions (2)
- intonation units (2)
- intransitivity (2)
- intraspecific variation (2)
- intrinsically disordered proteins (2)
- intuition (2)
- inverse modelling (2)
- inverse problem (2)
- ion exchange (2)
- ion transport (2)
- ionic conductivity (2)
- ionic liquid crystals (2)
- ionic liquid precursors (2)
- ionic strength (2)
- ionogels (2)
- ionospheric precursors of earthquakes (2)
- iron-sulfur clusters (2)
- irrigation (2)
- isotopic tiling theory (2)
- iterative regularization (2)
- jasmonic acid (2)
- job (2)
- job creation (2)
- job demands-resources model (2)
- job satisfaction (2)
- job stress (2)
- judgement accuracy (2)
- jumps (2)
- junge Erwachsene (2)
- just transition (2)
- justice (2)
- kana (2)
- kanji (2)
- kernel density estimation (2)
- kernel methods (2)
- ketones (2)
- kettle hole (2)
- kidney transplantation (2)
- kinetic instabilities (2)
- kink-like instability (2)
- knee (2)
- knee flexion angle (2)
- knee joint angle (2)
- knee valgus angle (2)
- knickpoints (2)
- knowledge transfers (2)
- kognitive Aktivierung (2)
- l-cysteine desulfurase (2)
- labeling (2)
- labor market (2)
- lactate threshold (2)
- lactones (2)
- land cover change (2)
- land management (2)
- land-use (2)
- landscape analysis (2)
- landscape connectivity (2)
- landscape diversity (2)
- landscape evolution modeling (2)
- landscape homogenization (2)
- landscape structure (2)
- language and aging (2)
- language attitudes (2)
- language change (2)
- language comprehension (2)
- language contact (2)
- language courses (2)
- language portraits (2)
- lanthanides (2)
- large herbivores (2)
- laser pulses (2)
- last glacial (2)
- late Quaternary (2)
- latent profile analysis (2)
- leaf area (2)
- leaf development (2)
- leaf senescence (2)
- legal change (2)
- leptin (2)
- lesson planning (2)
- leucine zipper (2)
- lexical decision (2)
- lexical development (2)
- lexical tone (2)
- liberalism (2)
- libraries (2)
- lichens (2)
- life cycle (2)
- life satisfaction (2)
- life sciences (2)
- lifetime (2)
- ligands (2)
- light intensity (irradiance) (2)
- limits (2)
- linear formula (2)
- linear mixed models (2)
- linear regression (2)
- linear tree language (2)
- linearized gravity (2)
- linguistics (2)
- lipid membranes (2)
- lipid rafts (2)
- lipidation (2)
- lipidomics (2)
- liquid crystal (2)
- liquids (2)
- literacy acquisition (2)
- lithium-sulfur battery (2)
- lithography (2)
- litter decomposition (2)
- liver metabolism (2)
- local (2)
- local time (2)
- locus coeruleus (2)
- logarithmic source condition (2)
- lokale Behörden (2)
- long-distance dispersal (2)
- longevity (2)
- longitudinal analysis (2)
- low (2)
- low birth weight (2)
- low temperature (2)
- low-back-pain (2)
- low-density polyethylene (2)
- low-temperature NMR spectroscopy (2)
- low-wage employment (2)
- lower (2)
- lunar tide (2)
- lung infection (2)
- lupin (2)
- lutherische Theologie (2)
- lysosomal storage disorders (2)
- mAb disposition (2)
- mHealth (2)
- machine-learning (2)
- macroecology (2)
- macrophages (2)
- macropores (2)
- magnesium (2)
- magnetoconvection (2)
- magnetostriction (2)
- magnitude estimation (2)
- maintenance of functional diversity (2)
- maize (2)
- majority rule (2)
- maleimide (2)
- mammals (2)
- management effects (2)
- manipulation (2)
- mantle transition zone (2)
- manufacturing (2)
- margins of error (2)
- marine governance (2)
- marine terraces (2)
- marketization (2)
- marriage (2)
- mass media (2)
- master narratives (2)
- mastication (2)
- matching (2)
- materials science (2)
- materielle Kultur (2)
- maternal effects (2)
- mathematics instruction (2)
- mating (2)
- maximal subsemigroups (2)
- maximum a posteriori (2)
- maximum magnitude (2)
- measles virus (2)
- measurement error (2)
- mechanical (2)
- mechanical properties (2)
- mechanical tendinous oscillations (2)
- mechanistic models (2)
- mediation (2)
- medicine (2)
- melts (2)
- membrane proteins (2)
- memory and delay (2)
- mental imagery (2)
- mesocosm (2)
- metaanalysis (2)
- metabolic disease (2)
- metadata (2)
- metal coordination (2)
- metal-organic frameworks (2)
- metamorphosis of international law (2)
- metaphor (2)
- meteorological extremes (2)
- method comparison (2)
- method development (2)
- methodological quality (2)
- methyl orange (2)
- methylene blue (2)
- methylmercury (2)
- miRNAs (2)
- mica (2)
- micelles (2)
- micro-CT (2)
- microRNA (2)
- microbes (2)
- microbial (2)
- microbial communities (2)
- microbial interactions (2)
- microcapsules (2)
- microclimate (2)
- microcracking (2)
- microemulsion (2)
- microgel (2)
- microtubule-organization (2)
- mid-temperature transition (2)
- migrants (2)
- mild cognitive impairment (2)
- military culture (2)
- minimal pairs (2)
- minimax convergence rates (2)
- minorities (2)
- mirror (2)
- mirror illusion (2)
- mirror therapy (2)
- miscellaneous (2)
- miscibility gap (2)
- missing-VP effect (2)
- mitochondrial dysfunction (2)
- mitochondrial function (2)
- mitogenome (2)
- mitogenomes (2)
- mixtures (2)
- mobile application (2)
- mobile links (2)
- mobile phone (2)
- modal verbs (2)
- modality compatibility (2)
- model coupling (2)
- model validation (2)
- model verification (2)
- modeling language (2)
- modernity (2)
- modified Mannich reaction (2)
- modular production (2)
- molecular architecture (2)
- molecular clock (2)
- molecular dynamics simulations (2)
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- molecular weight (2)
- molecules (2)
- molybdenum (2)
- moment tensor (2)
- monolayer formation (2)
- monomer (2)
- monomers (2)
- moral disengagement (2)
- morpho-orthography (2)
- morphogenesis (2)
- morphological analysis (2)
- morphological decomposition (2)
- morphological priming (2)
- morphologically complex words (2)
- morphosyntax (2)
- motion analysis (2)
- motion capture (2)
- motivation in mathematics (2)
- motor resonance (2)
- motor skills (2)
- motor system (2)
- mountains (2)
- movement kinematics (2)
- movement patterns (2)
- mowing (2)
- multi-agent system (2)
- multi-nutrient limitation (2)
- multicultural policy (2)
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- multidiversity (2)
- multifunctional polymers (2)
- multilateralism (2)
- multilevel analysis (2)
- multiple (2)
- multiple light scattering (2)
- multiple regression (2)
- multiple sclerosis (2)
- multiscale analysis (2)
- multispectral (2)
- multivariate regression (2)
- multivariate statistics (2)
- murchison meteorite (2)
- muscle action (2)
- muscle metabolism (2)
- muscle oxygen saturation (2)
- muscle weakness (2)
- muscularity concern (2)
- musculoskeletal (2)
- musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (2)
- musculoskeletal ultrasound (2)
- music (2)
- music cognition (2)
- music industry (2)
- music information retrieval (2)
- music perception (2)
- mutants (2)
- mutation (2)
- myopathy (2)
- n-Alkanes (2)
- naming (2)
- nanoclusters (2)
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- nanoelectrodes (2)
- nanogranites (2)
- nanolenses (2)
- nanoparticle dimers (2)
- nanoreactor (2)
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- natal dispersal (2)
- national identity (2)
- nationalism (2)
- natural climate solutions (2)
- natural habitats (2)
- natural hazard (2)
- naturalized species (2)
- nature conservation (2)
- nearshore zone (2)
- need satisfaction (2)
- negation (2)
- negative numbers (2)
- negative strengthening (2)
- neo-liberalism (2)
- neotectonics (2)
- network analysis (2)
- network dynamics (2)
- neurodegenerative diseases (2)
- neuroenhancement (2)
- neuronal networks (2)
- neuropsychology (2)
- neurotoxicity (2)
- neutrality (2)
- neutron powder diffraction (2)
- new combination (2)
- next generation sequencing (2)
- niche and fitness differences (2)
- niche theory (2)
- niche width (2)
- nitrile (2)
- nitrogen limitation (2)
- nitrogen-doped carbon (2)
- noisy systems (2)
- non-Gaussian (2)
- non-Langevin recombination (2)
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2)
- non-athletes (2)
- non-categoricity (2)
- non-equilibrium (2)
- non-ideal theory (2)
- non-native speech perception (2)
- non-predatory mortality (2)
- nonfullerene acceptors (2)
- nonlinear filtering (2)
- nonlinear operator (2)
- nonlocal coupling (2)
- nonmodel species (2)
- nonradiative recombination (2)
- nonradiative voltage losses (2)
- nonstationarity (2)
- norm change (2)
- normal faults (2)
- noun (2)
- novae, cataclysmic variables (2)
- novel ecosystems (2)
- novelty (2)
- nucleosome (2)
- number and brightness (2)
- number concepts (2)
- number processing (2)
- numerical distance effect (2)
- numerical model (2)
- nursing home (2)
- nutrient (2)
- nutrient bioavailability (2)
- nutrient retention (2)
- nutrient stoichiometry (2)
- nutrient supply (2)
- oarsmen (2)
- object search (2)
- observation (2)
- occlusion (2)
- ocean acidification (2)
- ocean color remote sensing (2)
- ocean heat uptake (2)
- older persons (2)
- oligodepsipeptides (2)
- omega-3 fatty acids (2)
- omics (2)
- on-water performance (2)
- oncology (2)
- one-carbon metabolism (2)
- online (2)
- online course (2)
- online disinhibition (2)
- online learning (2)
- ontogenesis (2)
- ontogeny (2)
- ontology (2)
- opacity (2)
- open (2)
- open clusters and associations: general (2)
- open data (2)
- open education (2)
- open innovation (2)
- open-field (2)
- operator-valued symbols (2)
- oppositions (2)
- optical imaging (2)
- optical manipulation (2)
- optical remote sensing (2)
- optical sensors (2)
- optics (2)
- orbifolds (2)
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- orchestration (2)
- organ growth (2)
- organic carbon (2)
- organic electronics (2)
- organization theory (2)
- organizational reform (2)
- origins (2)
- oroclinal bending (2)
- orogenic peridotite (2)
- orogenic processes (2)
- orogeny (2)
- orographic rainfall (2)
- osmotic-pressure (2)
- osteoblast (2)
- other-race effect (2)
- outbreak (2)
- outcome measures (2)
- output analysis (2)
- overland flow (2)
- overreaching (2)
- overtraining (2)
- oxidation state (2)
- oxygen heterocycles (2)
- oxygen plasma (2)
- oxygenation (2)
- p-Aminophenol (2)
- pH-responsive (2)
- pQCT (2)
- palaeoenvironmental proxies (2)
- palaeoenvironmental reconstruction (2)
- paleo-sediment (2)
- paleoceanography (2)
- paleoecology (2)
- paleovegetation (2)
- palmitoylation (2)
- panic (2)
- parafoveal preview benefit (2)
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- parameter (2)
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- parasitoid (2)
- parchment (2)
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- partial least squares (2)
- particle filter (2)
- particulate matter (2)
- partnership trajectories (2)
- party competition (2)
- pasture (2)
- pathway (2)
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- patient education (2)
- pea (2)
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- peacekeeping (2)
- peak height velocity (2)
- peak torque (2)
- peer influences (2)
- peers (2)
- pension insurance (2)
- peptide (2)
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- perceptual reorganization (2)
- performance assessment (2)
- performance budget (2)
- performance information (2)
- performance measurement (2)
- periphyton (2)
- permafrost thaw (2)
- permittivity enhancement (2)
- permutation entropy (2)
- perovskite solar cell (2)
- person (2)
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- personhood (2)
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- pharmacokinetics (2)
- phase behavior (2)
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- phenolic compounds (2)
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- photochromism (2)
- photoelectron (2)
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- photoisomerization (2)
- photoluminescence quenching (2)
- photon density wave spectroscopy (2)
- photonic crystals (2)
- photosensitive surfactants (2)
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- photosynthetic rate (2)
- phreeqc (2)
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- physical conditioning human (2)
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- physiological consequences (2)
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- pigment composition (2)
- pitch angle (2)
- planetary boundaries (2)
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- plant cell wall (2)
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- plant species richness (2)
- plant volatiles (2)
- plant-soil (belowground) interactions (2)
- plants (2)
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- plateau (2)
- platform (2)
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- platinum (2)
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- polarity (2)
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- politische Ideologie (2)
- pollinator shift (2)
- poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (2)
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- polyester (2)
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- polymersomes (2)
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- porous silicon (2)
- positioning (2)
- positive solutions (2)
- possessives (2)
- post-natal (2)
- postural sway (2)
- potassium channel (2)
- power spectral analysis (2)
- pp-wave solutions (2)
- pragmaticalisation (2)
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- pre-natal (2)
- pre-school (2)
- pre-service teachers (2)
- precaution (2)
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- predation risk (2)
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- preference for agency (2)
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- prefixes (2)
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- price of anarchy (2)
- printing (2)
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- probability (2)
- probability density function (2)
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- process (2)
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- prosody processing (2)
- prospective (2)
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- protected area (2)
- protection motivation theory (2)
- protective factors (2)
- protein carbonyls (2)
- protein engineering (2)
- protein restriction (2)
- protein search (2)
- protein translocation (2)
- protein-protein (2)
- proteomic analysis (2)
- proteostasis (2)
- protest (2)
- protonation (2)
- prototype-willingness-model (2)
- provenance (2)
- psychische Störungen (2)
- psycho-oncology (2)
- psychological detachment (2)
- psychological distress (2)
- psychological problems (2)
- psychological well-being (2)
- psychologinguistics (2)
- psychopathy (2)
- psychophysics (2)
- psychopower (2)
- psychosocial moderators (2)
- psychotherapeutic competencies (2)
- puberty (2)
- public (2)
- public good (2)
- public management (2)
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- public sector reform (2)
- pulling isometric muscle action (PIMA) (2)
- pulsars: individual: PSR B0833-45 (2)
- purification (2)
- qualitative content analysis (2)
- quantum (2)
- quantum field theory (2)
- quartz crystal microbalance (2)
- quasi-Fermi level splitting (2)
- quenched energy landscape (2)
- questioning solutions (2)
- radhard design (2)
- radial flow (2)
- radiation mechanisms: nonthermal (2)
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- radiocarbon dating (2)
- radiogenic isotopes (2)
- radiography (2)
- radiosensitizers (2)
- rainfall (2)
- rainfall gradient (2)
- random diffusivity (2)
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Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (4724)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (4702)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (3130)
- Institut für Chemie (2920)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (2062)
- Department Psychologie (2039)
- Historisches Institut (1983)
- Sozialwissenschaften (1651)
- Institut für Mathematik (1623)
- Institut für Romanistik (1597)
Der Zugang zu einem Asylverfahren in der EU ist ein umkämpftes soziales Gut. Die Studie zeichnet ein komplexes Bild von Ausschließungs- und Usurpationsstrategien im Feld der europäischen und speziell der italienischen und deutschen Asylverwaltung zwischen 2015 und 2018. (Supra-)nationale Verwaltungs- und Vollzugsorganisationen versuchen Flüchtende von dem Verwaltungsakt abzuhalten und entwickeln territoriale und administrative Exklusionsstrategien, um Fluchtmobilität und Asyl zu verwehren. Gleichzeitig erkämpfen Seenotrettungs- und Kirchenorganisationen den Zugang zum Asylverfahren, indem sie sich mit Flüchtenden solidarisieren und diesen eine Partizipation an öffentlichen Gütern und Rechten der Aufnahmegesellschaft ermöglichen. Für Flüchtende wird der formale Zugang zu und die temporäre Mitgliedschaft in einer Aufnahmegesellschaft in konfliktreichen und inter-organisationalen Entscheidungen ausgehandelt. Die formale Organisation wird zum Ort der Schließungskämpfe, indemsie als Schließungsakteur und zwischengesellschaftliches Schließungssystem formale Interaktionen zwischen Geflüchteten und Aufnahmegesellschaft ermöglicht oder verhindert. Die Synthese von schließungs- und organisationstheoretischen Perspektiven trägt dazu bei, dass gesellschaftliche Ordnungsbildung organisationssoziologisch erklärbar wird.
We perform a statistical clustering analysis of upper main-sequence stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using data from the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy survey of the Magellanic Clouds. We map over 2500 young stellar structures at 15 significance levels across similar to 120 square degrees centred on the LMC. The structures have sizes ranging from a few parsecs to over 1 kpc. We find that the young structures follow power-law size and mass distributions. From the perimeter-area relation, we derive a perimeter-area dimension of 1.44 +/- 0.20. From the mass-size relation and the size distribution, we derive two-dimensional fractal dimensions of 1.50 +/- 0.10 and 1.61 +/- 0.20, respectively. We find that the surface density distribution is well represented by a lognormal distribution. We apply the Larson relation to estimate the velocity dispersions and crossing times of these structures. Our results indicate that the fractal nature of the young stellar structures has been inherited from the gas clouds from which they form and that this architecture is generated by supersonic turbulence. Our results also suggest that star formation in the LMC is scale-free from 10 to 700 pc.
We present an astrometric and photometric wide-field study of the Galactic open star cluster M37 (NGC 2099). The studied field was observed with ground-based images covering a region of about four square degrees in the Sloan-like filters ugi. We exploited the Gaia catalogue to calibrate the geometric distortion of the large field mosaics, developing software routines that can be also applied to other wide-field instruments. The data are used to identify the hottest white dwarf (WD) member candidates of M37. Thanks to the Gaia EDR3 exquisite astrometry we identified seven such WD candidates, one of which, besides being a high-probability astrometric member, is the putative central star of a planetary nebula. To our knowledge, this is a unique object in an open cluster, and we have obtained follow-up low-resolution spectra that are used for a qualitative characterization of this young WD. Finally, we publicly release a three-colour atlas and a catalogue of the sources in the field of view, which represents a complement of existing material.
Assessing the risk of yield loss in African drought-affected regions is key to identify feasible solutions for stable crop production. Recent studies have demonstrated that Copula-based probabilistic methods are well suited for such assessment owing to reasonably inferring important properties in terms of exceedance probability and joint dependence of different characterization. However, insufficient attention has been given to quantifying the probability of yield loss and determining the contribution of climatic factors. This study applies the Copula theory to describe the dependence between drought and crop yield anomalies for rainfed maize, millet, and sorghum crops in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The environmental policy integrated climate model, calibrated with Food and Agriculture Organization country-level yield data, was used to simulate yields across SSA (1980-2012). The results showed that the severity of yield loss due to drought had a higher magnitude than the severity of drought itself. Sensitivity analysis to identify factors contributing to drought and high-temperature stresses for all crops showed that the amount of precipitation during vegetation and grain filling was the main driver of crop yield loss, and the effect of temperature was stronger for sorghum than for maize and millet. The results demonstrate the added value of probabilistic methods for drought-impact assessment. For future studies, we recommend looking into factors influencing drought and high-temperature stresses as individual/concurrent climatic extremes.
Magnetic fields can play an important role in stellar evolution. Among white dwarfs, the most common stellar remnant, the fraction of magnetic systems is more than 20 per cent. The origin of magnetic fields in white dwarfs, which show strengths ranging from 40 kG to hundreds of MG, is still a topic of debate. In contrast, only one magnetic hot subdwarf star has been identified out of thousands of known systems. Hot subdwarfs are formed from binary interaction, a process often associated with the generation of magnetic fields, and will evolve to become white dwarfs, which makes the lack of detected magnetic hot subdwarfs a puzzling phenomenon. Here we report the discovery of three new magnetic hot subdwarfs with field strengths in the range 300-500 kG. Like the only previously known system, they are all helium-rich O-type stars (He-sdOs). We analysed multiple archival spectra of the three systems and derived their stellar properties. We find that they all lack radial velocity variability, suggesting formation via a merger channel. However, we derive higher than typical hydrogen abundances for their spectral type, which are in disagreement with current model predictions. Our findings suggest a lower limit to the magnetic fraction of hot subdwarfs of 0.147(+0.143)(-0.047) per cent, and provide evidence for merger-induced magnetic fields which could explain white dwarfs with field strengths of 50-150 MG, assuming magnetic flux conservation.
Modern pollen-vegetation-climate relationships underpin palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate reconstructions from fossil pollen records. East Siberia is an ideal area for investigating the relationships between modern pollen assemblages and near natural vegetation under cold continental climate conditions. Reliable pollen-based quantitative vegetation and climate reconstructions are still scarce due to the limited number of modern pollen datasets. Furthermore, differences in pollen representation of samples from lake sediments and soils are not well understood. Here, we present a new pollen dataset of 48 moss/soil and 24 lake surface-sediment samples collected in Chukotka and central Yakutia in East Siberia. The pollen-vegetation-climate relationships were investigated by ordination analyses. Generally, tundra and taiga vegetation types can be well distinguished in the surface pollen assemblages. Moss/soil and lake samples contain generally similar pollen assemblages as revealed by a Procrustes comparison with some exceptions. Overall, modern pollen assemblages reflect the temperature and precipitation gradients in the study areas as revealed by constrained ordination analysis. We estimate the relative pollen productivity (RPP) of major taxa and the relevant source area of pollen (RSAP) for moss/soil samples from Chukotka and central Yakutia using Extended R-Value (ERV) analysis. The RSAP of the tundra-forest transition area in Chukotka and taiga area in central Yakutia are ca. 1300 and 360 m, respectively. For Chukotka, RPPs relative to both Poaceae and Ericaceae were estimated while RPPs for central Yakutia were relative only to Ericaceae. Relative to Ericaceae (reference taxon, RPP = 1), Larix, Betula, Picea, and Pinus are overrepresented while Alnus, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and Salix are underrepresented in the pollen spectra. Our estimates are in general agreement with previously published values and provide the basis for reliable quantitative reconstructions of East Siberian vegetation.
Uncertainty in climate change impact studies for irrigated maize cropping systems in southern Spain
(2022)
This study investigates the main drivers of uncertainties in simulated irrigated maize yield under historical conditions as well as scenarios of increased temperatures and altered irrigation water availability.
Using APSIM, MONICA, and SIMPLACE crop models, we quantified the relative contributions of three irrigation water allocation strategies, three sowing dates, and three maize cultivars to the uncertainty in simulated yields.
The water allocation strategies were derived from historical records of farmer's allocation patterns in drip-irrigation scheme of the Genil-Cabra region, Spain (2014-2017).
By considering combinations of allocation strategies, the adjusted R-2 values (showing the degree of agreement between simulated and observed yields) increased by 29% compared to unrealistic assumptions of considering only near optimal or deficit irrigation scheduling. The factor decomposition analysis based on historic climate showed that irrigation strategies was the main driver of uncertainty in simulated yields (66%).
However, under temperature increase scenarios, the contribution of crop model and cultivar choice to uncertainty in simulated yields were as important as irrigation strategy. This was partially due to different model structure in processes related to the temperature responses.
Our study calls for including information on irrigation strategies conducted by farmers to reduce the uncertainty in simulated yields at field scale.
The contribution of dead zooplankton biomass to carbon cycle in aquatic ecosystems is practically unknown. Using abundance data of zooplankton in water column and dead zooplankton in sediment traps in Lake Stechlin, an ecological-mathematical model was developed to simulate the abundance and sinking of zooplankton carcasses and predict the related release of labile organic matter (LOM) into the water column. We found species-specific differences in mortality rate of the dominant zooplankton: Daphnia cucullata, Bosmina coregoni and Diaphanosoma brachyurum (0.008, 0.129 and 0.020 day(-1), respectively) and differences in their carcass sinking velocities in metalimnion (and hypolimnion): 2.1 (7.64), 14.0 (19.5) and 1.1 (5.9) m day(-1), respectively. Our model simulating formation and degradation processes of dead zooplankton predicted a bimodal distribution of the released LOM: epilimnic and metalimnic peaks of comparable intensity, ca. 1 mg DW m(-3) day(-1). Maximum degradation of carcasses up to ca. 1.7 mg DW m(-3) day(-1) occurred in the density gradient zone of metalimnion. LOM released from zooplankton carcasses into the surrounding water may stimulate microbial activity and facilitate microbial degradation of more refractory organic matter; therefore, dead zooplankton are expected to be an integral part of water column carbon source/sink dynamics in stratified lakes.
A bacterial effector counteracts host autophagy by promoting degradation of an autophagy component
(2022)
Beyond its role in cellular homeostasis, autophagy plays anti- and promicrobial roles in host-microbe interactions, both in animals and plants.
One prominent role of antimicrobial autophagy is to degrade intracellular pathogens or microbial molecules, in a process termed xenophagy.
Consequently, microbes evolved mechanisms to hijack or modulate autophagy to escape elimination.
Although well-described in animals, the extent to which xenophagy contributes to plant-bacteria interactions remains unknown.
Here, we provide evidence that Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) suppresses host autophagy by utilizing type-III effector XopL. XopL interacts with and degrades the autophagy component SH3P2 via its E3 ligase activity to promote infection.
Intriguingly, XopL is targeted for degradation by defense-related selective autophagy mediated by NBR1/Joka2, revealing a complex antagonistic interplay between XopL and the host autophagy machinery.
Our results implicate plant antimicrobial autophagy in the depletion of a bacterial virulence factor and unravel an unprecedented pathogen strategy to counteract defense-related autophagy in plant-bacteria interactions.
Etmopteridae (lantern sharks) is the most species-rich family of sharks, comprising more than 50 species.
Many species are described from few individuals, and re-collection of specimens is often hindered by the remoteness of their sampling sites.
For taxonomic studies, comparative morphological analysis of type specimens housed in natural history collections has been the main source of evidence.
In contrast, DNA sequence information has rarely been used.
Most lantern shark collection specimens, including the types, were formalin fixed before long-term storage in ethanol solutions.
The DNA damage caused by both fixation and preservation of specimens has excluded these specimens from DNA sequence-based phylogenetic analyses so far.
However, recent advances in the field of ancient DNA have allowed recovery of wet-collection specimen DNA sequence data.
Here we analyse archival mitochondrial DNA sequences, obtained using ancient DNA approaches, of two wet-collection lantern shark paratype specimens, namely Etmopterus litvinovi and E. pycnolepis, for which the type series represent the only known individuals.
Target capture of mitochondrial markers from single-stranded DNA libraries allows for phylogenetic placement of both species.
Our results suggest synonymy of E. benchleyi with E. litvinovi but support the species status of E. pycnolepis. This revised taxonomy is helpful for future conservation and management efforts, as our results indicate a larger distribution range of E. litvinovi. This study further demonstrates the importance of wet-collection type specimens as genetic resource for taxonomic research.
Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS) has been used to examine the electron correlation and itinerance effects in transition metals Cu, Ni and Co.
It is shown that the LVV Auger, in coincidence with 2p photoelectrons, spectra can be represented using atomic multiplet positions if the 3d-shell is localized (atomic-like) and with a self-convoluted valence band for band-like (itinerant) materials as explained using the Cini-Sawatzky model.
For transition metals, the 3d band changes from band-like to localized with increasing atomic number, with the possibility of a mixed behavior.
Our result shows that the LVV spectra of Cu can be represented by atomic multiplet calculations, those of Co resemble the self-convolution of the valence band and those of Ni are a mixture of both, consistent with the Cini-Sawatzky model.
Air chemistry is affected by the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which originate from almost all plants in varying qualities and quantities. They also vary widely among different crops, an aspect that has been largely neglected in emission inventories. In particular, bioenergy-related species can emit mixtures of highly reactive compounds that have received little attention so far. For such species, long-term field observations of BVOC exchange from relevant crops covering different phenological phases are scarcely available. Therefore, we measured and modeled the emission of three prominent European bioenergy crops (maize, ryegrass, and oil-seed rape) for full rotations in north-eastern Germany. Using a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer combined with automatically moving large canopy chambers, we were able to quantify the characteristic seasonal BVOC flux dynamics of each crop species. The measured BVOC fluxes were used to parameterize and evaluate the BVOC emission module (JJv) of the physiology-oriented LandscapeDNDC model, which was enhanced to cover de novo emissions as well as those from plant storage pools. Parameters are defined for each compound individually. The model is used for simulating total compound-specific reactivity over several years and also to evaluate the importance of these emissions for air chemistry. We can demonstrate substantial differences between the investigated crops with oil-seed rape having 37-fold higher total annual emissions than maize. However, due to a higher chemical reactivity of the emitted blend in maize, potential impacts on atmospheric OH-chemistry are only 6-fold higher.
Detection of changes in dynamic balance could help identify older adults at fall risk. Walking on a narrow beam with its width, cognitive load, and arm position manipulated could be an alternative to current tests. Therefore, we examined additive and interactive effects of beam width, cognitive task (CT), and arm position on dynamic balance during beam walking in older adults. Twenty older adults (69 +/- 4y) walked on 6, 8, and 10-cm wide beams (2-cm high, 4-m-long), with and without CT, with three arm positions (free, crossed, akimbo). We determined cognitive errors, distance walked, step speed, root mean square (RMS) of center of mass (COM) displacement and trunk acceleration in the frontal plane. Beam width decrease progressively reduced distance walked and increased trunk acceleration RMS. Step speed decreased on the narrowest beam and with CT. Arm crossing decreased distance walked and step speed. COM displacement RMS and cognitive errors were not affected by any manipulation. In conclusion, distance walked indicated that beam width and arm position, but less so CT, affected dynamic balance, implying that beam walking has the potential to become a test of fall risk. Stability measurements suggested effective trunk adjustments to control COM position and keep dynamic balance during the task.
As the recent permafrost thawing of northern Asia proceeds due to anthropogenic climate change, precise and detailed palaeoecological records from past warm periods are essential to anticipate the extent of future permafrost variations. Here, based on the modern relationship between permafrost and vegetation (represented by pollen assemblages), we trained a Random Forest model using pollen and permafrost data and verified its reliability to reconstruct the history of permafrost in northern Asia during the Holocene. An early Holocene (12-8 cal ka BP) strong thawing trend, a middle-to-late Holocene (8-2 cal ka BP) relatively slow thawing trend, and a late Holocene freezing trend of permafrost in northern Asia are consistent with climatic proxies such as summer solar radiation and Northern Hemisphere temperature. The extensive distribution of permafrost in northern Asia inhibited the spread of evergreen coniferous trees during the early Holocene warming and might have decelerated the enhancement of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) by altering hydrological processes and albedo. Based on these findings, we suggest that studies of the EASM should consider more the state of permafrost and vegetation in northern Asia, which are often overlooked and may have a profound impact on climate change in this region.
Arctic coasts, which feature land-ocean transport of freshwater, sediments, and other terrestrial material, are impacted by climate change, including increased temperatures, melting glaciers, changes in precipitation and runoff.
These trends are assumed to affect productivity in fjordic estuaries.
However, the spatial extent and temporal variation of the freshwater-driven darkening of fjords remain unresolved.
The present study illustrates the spatio-temporal variability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Adventfjorden estuary, Svalbard, using in-situ field campaigns and ocean colour remote sensing (OCRS) via high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery.
To compute SPM concentration (C-SPMsat), a semi-analytical algorithm was regionally calibrated using local in-situ data, which improved the accuracy of satellite-derived SPM concentration by similar to 20% (MRD). Analysis of SPM concentration for two consecutive years (2019, 2020) revealed strong seasonality of SPM in Adventfjorden.
Highest estimated SPM concentrations and river plume extent (% of fjord with C-SPMsat > 30 mg L-1) occurred during June, July, and August.
Concurrently, we observed a strong relationship between river plume extent and average air temperature over the 24 h prior to the observation (R-2 = 0.69).
Considering predicted changes to environmental conditions in the Arctic region, this study highlights the importance of the rapidly changing environmental parameters and the significance of remote sensing in analysing fluxes in light attenuating particles, especially in the coastal Arctic Ocean.
Context.
Thermonuclear supernovae (SNe), a subset of which are the highly important SNe of Type Ia and Iax, are relatively poorly understood phenomena. One of the more promising scenarios leading up to the creation of a thermonuclear SN involves accretion of helium-rich material from a binary companion. Following the SN, the binary companion is then ejected from the location of the progenitor binary at velocities possibly large enough to unbind it from the gravitational potential of the Galaxy. Ejected companion stars should form a detectable population, if their production mechanism is not exceedingly rare.
Aims.
This study builds on previous works, producing the most extensive prediction of the properties of such a hypothetical population to date, taking both Chandrasekhar and non-Chandrasekhar mass events into account. These results are then used to define criteria for membership of this population and characterise putative subpopulations.
Methods.
This study contains 6 x 10(6) individual ejection trajectories out of the Galactic plane calculated with the stellar kinematics framework SHyRT, which are analysed with regard to their bulk observational properties. These are then put into context with the only previously identified population member US 708 and applied to a number of other possible candidate objects.
Results.
We find that two additional previously observed objects possess properties to warrant a designation as candidate objects. Characterisation of these object with respect to the predicted population finds all of them to be extreme in at least one astrometric observable. Higher mass ( >0 :7 M-circle dot) objects should be over-represented in the observationally accessible volume, with the ratio of bound to unbound objects being an accessible observable for the determination of the dominant terminal accretor mass. We find that current observations of runaway candidates within 10 kpc support a Galactic SN rate of the order of similar to 3 x 10(-7) yr(-1) to similar to 2 x 10(-6) yr(-1), three orders of magnitude below the inferred Galactic SN Ia rate and two orders of magnitude below the formation rate of predicted He-donor progenitors.
Conclusions.
The number of currently observed population members suggests that the He-donor scenario, as suspected before, is not a dominant contributor to the number of observed SNe Ia. However, even at the low event rate suggested, we find that the majority of possibly detectable population members is still undetected. The extreme nature of current population members suggests that a still larger number of objects has simply evaded detection up to this point, hinting at a higher contribution than is currently supported by observation.
Leaf area index (LAI) is a key variable in understanding and modeling crop-environment interactions.
With the advent of increasingly higher spatial resolution satellites and sensors mounted on remotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs), the use of remote sensing in precision agriculture is becoming more common.
Since also the availability of methods to retrieve LAI from image data have also drastically expanded, it is necessary to test simultaneously as many methods as possible to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
Ground-based LAI data from three years of barley experiments were related to remote sensing information using vegetation indices (VI), machine learning (ML) and radiative transfer models (RTM), to assess the relative accuracy and efficacy of these methods.
The optimized soil adjusted vegetation index and a modified version of the Weighted Difference Vegetation Index performed slightly better than any other retrieval method. However, all methods yielded coefficients of determination of around 0.7 to 0.9.
The best performing machine learning algorithms achieved higher accuracies when four Sentinel-2 bands instead of 12 were used.
Also, the good performance of VIs and the satisfactory performance of the 4-band RTM, strongly support the synergistic use of satellites and RPAs in precision agriculture. One of the methods used, Sen2-Agri, an open source ML-RTM-based operational system, was also able to accurately retrieve LAI, although it is restricted to Sentinel-2 and Landsat data.
This study shows the benefits of testing simultaneously a broad range of retrieval methods to monitor crops for precision agriculture.
Diffusion with stochastic resetting is a paradigm of resetting processes. Standard renewal or master equation approach are typically used to study steady state and other transport properties such as average, mean squared displacement etc.
What remains less explored is the two time point correlation functions whose evaluation is often daunting since it requires the implementation of the exact time dependent probability density functions of the resetting processes which are unknown for most of the problems.
We adopt a different approach that allows us to write a stochastic solution for a single trajectory undergoing resetting.
Moments and the autocorrelation functions between any two times along the trajectory can then be computed directly using the laws of total expectation. Estimation of autocorrelation functions turns out to be pivotal for investigating the ergodic properties of various observables for this canonical model.
In particular, we investigate two observables (i) sample mean which is widely used in economics and (ii) time-averaged-mean-squared-displacement (TAMSD) which is of acute interest in physics.
We find that both diffusion and drift-diffusion processes with resetting are ergodic at the mean level unlike their reset-free counterparts. In contrast, resetting renders ergodicity breaking in the TAMSD while both the stochastic processes are ergodic when resetting is absent. We quantify these behaviors with detailed analytical study and corroborate with extensive numerical simulations.
Our results can be verified in experimental set-ups that can track single particle trajectories and thus have strong implications in understanding the physics of resetting.
Although phytoliths are recognized as an important proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstruction, the quantitative relationship between phytoliths and climate is still debated. In order to provide an improved basis for phytolith-based paleoclimate reconstructions, a representative modern phytolith dataset is essential. Here, we synthesize a modern topsoil phytolith dataset for Northeast China, analyze its climatic significance, and apply it to a fossil phytolith series from the Hani peat core in Northeast China. The dataset comprises 660 topsoil phytolith assemblages from 289 sample sites. We compiled modern meteorological data to assess the quantitative relationship between the phytolith assemblages and climatic variables. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and Redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to determine the dominant climatic variable influencing the phytolith distributions. The results showed that mean annual temperature (MAT) is the dominant variable controlling the spatial distribution of phytoliths, accounting for 8.91% of the total variance. Transfer function based on inverse deshrinking locally-weighted weighted averaging (LWWA_Inv) was developed for MAT (R-_boot(2) = 0.86, RMSEP = 1.02 degrees C). Applying the LWWA_Inv transfer function to fossil phytolith records from the Hani peat core enables quantitative inferences to be made about Holocene climate changes in Northeast China. Overall, combined with the LWWA_Inv method, the topsoil phytolith dataset of Northeast China can be used for reliable quantitative MAT reconstruction.
We investigate whether the distribution of maximum seasonal streamflow is significantly affected by catchment or climate state of the season/month ahead. We fit the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution to extreme seasonal streamflow for around 600 stations across Europe by conditioning the GEV location and scale parameters on 14 indices, which represent the season-ahead climate or catchment state. The comparison of these climate-informed models with the classical GEV distribution, with time-constant parameters, suggests that there is a substantial potential for seasonal forecasting of flood probabilities. The potential varies between seasons and regions. Overall, the season-ahead catchment wetness shows the highest potential, although climate indices based on large-scale atmospheric circulation, sea surface temperature or sea ice concentration also show some skill for certain regions and seasons. Spatially coherent patterns and a substantial fraction of climate-informed models are promising signs towards early alerts to increase flood preparedness already a season ahead.
Captive Red Army soldiers made up the majority of victims of Nazi Germany’s starvation policy against Soviet civilians and other non-combatants and thus constituted the largest single victim group of the German war of annihilation against the Soviet Union. Indeed, Soviet prisoners of war were the largest victim group of all National Socialist annihilation policies after the European Jews. Before the launch of Operation Barbarossa, it was clear to the Wehrmacht planning departments on exactly what scale they could expect to capture Soviet troops. Yet, they neglected to make the necessary preparations for feeding and sheltering the captured soldiers, who were viewed by the economic staffs and the military leadership alike as direct competitors of German troops and the German home front for precious food supplies. The number of extra mouths to feed was incompatible with German war aims. The obvious limitations on their freedom of movement and the relative ease with which large numbers could be segregated and their rations controlled were crucial factors in the death of over 3 million Soviet POWs, the vast majority directly or indirectly as a result of deliberate policies of neglect, undernourishment, and starvation while in the ‘care’ of the Wehrmacht. The most reliable figures for the mortality of Soviet POWs in German captivity reveal that up to 3.3 million died from a total of just over 5.7 million captured between June 1941 and February 1945 — a proportion of almost 58 percent. Of these, 2 million were already dead by the beginning of February 1942. In English, there is still neither a single monograph nor a single edited volume dedicated to the subject. This article now provides the first detailed stand-alone synthesis in that language addressing the whole period from 1941 to 1945.
Losses of radiation belt energetic particles by encounters with four of the inner Moons of Jupiter
(2022)
Based on an improved model of the moon absorption of Jovian radiation belt particles, we investigate quantitatively and comprehensively the absorption probabilities and particle lifetimes due to encounters with four of the inner moons of Jupiter (Amalthea, Thebe, Io, and Europa) inside L < 10. Our results demonstrate that the resultant average lifetimes of energetic protons and electrons vary dramatically between similar to 0.1 days and well above 1,000 days, showing a strong dependence on the particle equatorial pitch angle, kinetic energy and moon orbit. The average lifetimes of energetic protons and electrons against moon absorption are shortest for Io (i.e., similar to 0.1-10 days) and longest for Thebe (i.e., up to thousands of days), with the lifetimes in between for Europa and Amalthea. Due to the diploe tilt angle absorption effect, the average lifetimes of energetic protons and electrons vary markedly below and above alpha eq ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}$ = 67 degrees. Overall, the average electron lifetimes exhibit weak pitch angle dependence, but the average proton lifetimes are strongly dependent on equatorial pitch angle. The average lifetimes of energetic protons decrease monotonically and substantially with the kinetic energy, but the average lifetimes of energetic electrons are roughly constant at energies <similar to 10 MeV, increase substantially around the Kepler velocities of the moons (similar to 10-50 MeV), and decrease quickly at even higher energies. Compared with the averaged electron lifetimes, the average proton lifetimes are longer at energies below a few MeV and shorter at energies above tens of MeV.
transferGWAS
(2022)
Motivation:
Medical images can provide rich information about diseases and their biology. However, investigating their association with genetic variation requires non-standard methods. We propose transferGWAS, a novel approach to perform genome-wide association studies directly on full medical images. First, we learn semantically meaningful representations of the images based on a transfer learning task, during which a deep neural network is trained on independent but similar data. Then, we perform genetic association tests with these representations.
Results:
We validate the type I error rates and power of transferGWAS in simulation studies of synthetic images. Then we apply transferGWAS in a genome-wide association study of retinal fundus images from the UK Biobank. This first-of-a-kind GWAS of full imaging data yielded 60 genomic regions associated with retinal fundus images, of which 7 are novel candidate loci for eye-related traits and diseases.
Das Sterben entschärfen
(2022)
Aims/hypothesis
Studies suggest decreased mortality risk among people who are overweight or obese compared with individuals with normal weight in type 2 diabetes (obesity paradox). However, the relationship between body weight or weight change and microvascular vs macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes remains unresolved. We investigated the association between BMI and BMI change with long-term risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort study.
Methods
We studied participants with incident type 2 diabetes from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort, who were free of cancer, cardiovascular disease and microvascular disease at diagnosis (n = 1083). Pre-diagnosis BMI and relative annual change between pre- and post-diagnosis BMI were evaluated in multivariable-adjusted Cox models.
Results
There were 85 macrovascular (myocardial infarction and stroke) and 347 microvascular events (kidney disease, neuropathy and retinopathy) over a median follow-up of 10.8 years. Median pre-diagnosis BMI was 29.9 kg/m(2) (IQR 27.4-33.2), and the median relative annual BMI change was -0.4% (IQR -2.1 to 0.9). Higher pre-diagnosis BMI was positively associated with total microvascular complications (multivariable-adjusted HR per 5 kg/m(2) [95% CI]: 1.21 [1.07, 1.36], kidney disease 1.39 [1.21, 1.60] and neuropathy 1.12 [0.96, 1.31]) but not with macrovascular complications (HR 1.05 [95% CI 0.81, 1.36]). Analyses according to BMI categories corroborated these findings. Effect modification was not evident by sex, smoking status or age groups. In analyses according to BMI change categories, BMI loss of more than 1% indicated a decreased risk of total microvascular complications (HR 0.62 [95% CI 0.47, 0.80]), kidney disease (HR 0.57 [95% CI 0.40, 0.81]) and neuropathy (HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.52, 1.03]), compared with participants with a stable BMI; no clear association was observed for macrovascular complications (HR 1.04 [95% CI 0.62, 1.74]). The associations between BMI gain compared with stable BMI and diabetes-related vascular complications were less apparent. Associations were consistent across strata of sex, age, pre-diagnosis BMI or medication but appeared to be stronger among never-smokers compared with current or former smokers.
Conclusions/interpretation
Among people with incident type 2 diabetes, pre-diagnosis BMI was positively associated with microvascular complications, while a reduced risk was observed with weight loss when compared with stable weight. The relationships with macrovascular disease were less clear.
Self-assembly of plasmonic nanoantenna-waveguide structures for subdiffractional chiral sensing
(2021)
Spin-momentum locking is a peculiar effect in the near-field of guided optical or plasmonic modes. It can be utilized to map the spinning or handedness of electromagnetic fields onto the propagation direction. This motivates a method to probe the circular dichroism of an illuminated chiral object. In this work, we demonstrate local, subdiffraction limited chiral coupling of light and propagating surface plasmon polaritons in a self-assembled system of a gold nanoantenna and a silver nanowire. A thin silica shell around the nanowire provides precise distance control and also serves as a host for fluorescent molecules, which indicate the direction of plasmon propagation. We characterize our nanoantenna-nanowire systems comprehensively through correlated electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, dark-field, and fluorescence imaging. Three-dimensional numerical simulations support the experimental findings. Besides our measurement of far-field polarization, we estimate sensing capabilities and derive not only a sensitivity of 1 mdeg for the ellipticity of the light field, but also find 10(3) deg cm(2)/dmol for the circular dichroism of an analyte locally introduced in the hot spot of the antenna-wire system. Thorough modeling of a prototypical design predicts on-chip sensing of chiral analytes. This introduces our system as an ultracompact sensor for chiral response far below the diffraction limit.
We present a reconstruction of the dynamics of the radiation belts from solar cycles 17 to 24 which allows us to study how radiation belt activity has varied between the different solar cycles. The radiation belt simulations are produced using the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB)-3D code. The VERB-3D code simulations incorporate radial, energy, and pitch angle diffusion to reproduce the radiation belts. Our simulations use the historical measurements of Kp (available since solar cycle 17, i.e., 1933) to model the evolution radiation belt dynamics between L* = 1-6.6. A nonlinear auto regressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) neural network was trained off GOES 15 measurements (January 2011-March 2014) and used to supply the upper boundary condition (L* = 6.6) over the course of solar cycles 17-24 (i.e., 1933-2017). Comparison of the model with long term observations of the Van Allen Probes and CRRES demonstrates that our model, driven by the NARX boundary, can reconstruct the general evolution of the radiation belt fluxes. Solar cycle 24 (January 2008-2017) has been the least active of the considered solar cycles which resulted in unusually low electron fluxes. Our results show that solar cycle 24 should not be used as a representative solar cycle for developing long term environment models. The developed reconstruction of fluxes can be used to develop or improve empirical models of the radiation belts.
Context. The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is the most luminous satellite galaxy of the Milky Way and, owing to its companion, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), represents an excellent laboratory to study the interaction of dwarf galaxies. Aims. The aim of this study is to investigate the kinematics of the outer regions of the LMC by using stellar proper motions to understand the impact of interactions, for example with the SMC about 250 Myr ago. Methods. We calculate proper motions using multi-epoch K s -band images from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Cloud system (VMC). Observations span a time baseline of 2-5 yr. We combine the VMC data with data from the Gaia Early Data Release 3 and introduce a new method to distinguish between Magellanic and Milky Way stars based on a machine learning algorithm. This new technique enables a larger and cleaner sample selection of fainter sources as it reaches below the red clump of the LMC. Results. We investigate the impact of the SMC on the rotational field of the LMC and find hints of stripped SMC debris. The southeastern region of the LMC shows a slow rotational speed compared to the overall rotation. N-body simulations suggest that this could be caused by a fraction of stripped SMC stars located in that particular region that move opposite to the expected rotation.
Fast Holocene slip and localized strain along the Liquiñe-Ofqui strike-slip fault system, Chile
(2021)
In active tectonic settings dominated by strike-slip kinematics, slip partitioning across subparallel faults is a common feature; therefore, assessing the degree of partitioning and strain localization is paramount for seismic hazard assessments. Here, we estimate a slip rate of 18.8 +/- 2.0 mm/year over the past 9.0 +/- 0.1 ka for a single strand of the Liquirie-Ofqui Fault System, which straddles the Main Cordillera in Southern Chile. This Holocene rate accounts for similar to 82% of the trench-parallel component of oblique plate convergence and is similar to million-year estimates integrated over the entire fault system. Our results imply that strain localizes on a single fault at millennial time scale but over longer time scales strain localization is not sustained. The fast millennial slip rate in the absence of historical Mw> 6.5 earthquakes along the Liquine-Ofqui Fault System implies either a component of aseismic slip or Mw similar to 7 earthquakes involving multi-trace ruptures and > 150-year repeat times. Our results have implications for the understanding of strike-slip fault system dynamics within volcanic arcs and seismic hazard assessments.
Militär und Moral sind scheinbar zwei sich gegenseitig ausschließende Begriffe. Kriegerische Konflikte und die Tötung von Menschen kommen uns gänzlich unmoralisch vor. Wenn überhaupt, ist die Kampfmoral (Biehl, Heiko. 2012. Einsatzmotivation und Kampfmoral. In Militärsoziologie – Eine Einführung. 2., aktualisierte und ergänzte Aufl., Hrsg. Nina Leonhard und Ines-Jacqueline Werkner, 447–474. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.) ein gängiges Konzept. Nichtsdestotrotz wird im vorliegenden Beitrag angenommen, dass das Militär moralisch handeln kann. Es wird argumentiert, dass das Militär mit widersprüchlichen moralischen und rechtlichen Erwartungshaltungen konfrontiert wird und diese Erwartungen in Entscheidungen übersetzt. Dadurch gerät das Militär jedoch stetig in moralische Entscheidungsdilemmata. Am Beispiel der Seenotrettung im Mittelmeer zwischen 2015 und 2018 soll exemplarisch gezeigt werden, dass das Militär sowohl eine Situationsmoral und moralische Routinen entwickelt als auch Vermeidungsstrategien verfolgt, die jegliche Moralerwartungen von der Organisation fernhalten. Der Beitrag arbeitet hierbei mit einem Moralbegriff philosophischer Provenienz und zeigt verschiedene analytische Dimensionen auf, die zur Analyse von Moral von Organisationen beitragen können.
Aims/hypothesis It was shown that maternal endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) deficiency causes fatty liver disease and numerically lower fasting glucose in female wild-type offspring, suggesting that parental genetic variants may influence the offspring's phenotype via epigenetic modifications in the offspring despite the absence of a primary genetic defect. The aim of the current study was to analyse whether paternal eNOS deficiency may cause the same phenotype as seen with maternal eNOS deficiency. Methods Heterozygous (+/-) male eNOS (Nos3) knockout mice or wild-type male mice were bred with female wild-type mice. The phenotype of wild-type offspring of heterozygous male eNOS knockout mice was compared with offspring from wild-type parents. Results Global sperm DNA methylation decreased and sperm microRNA pattern altered substantially. Fasting glucose and liver glycogen storage were increased when analysing wild-type male and female offspring of +/- eNOS fathers. Wild-type male but not female offspring of +/- eNOS fathers had increased fasting insulin and increased insulin after glucose load. Analysing candidate genes for liver fat and carbohydrate metabolism revealed that the expression of genes encoding glucocorticoid receptor (Gr; also known as Nr3c1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc1a; also known as Ppargc1a) was increased while DNA methylation of Gr exon 1A and Pgc1a promoter was decreased in the liver of male wild-type offspring of +/- eNOS fathers. The endocrine pancreas in wild-type offspring was not affected. <br /> Conclusions/interpretation Our study suggests that paternal genetic defects such as eNOS deficiency may alter the epigenome of the sperm without transmission of the paternal genetic defect itself. In later life wild-type male offspring of +/- eNOS fathers developed increased fasting insulin and increased insulin after glucose load. These effects are associated with increased Gr and Pgc1a gene expression due to altered methylation of these genes.
Herein, the concept of constructing binder- and carbon additive-free organosulfur cathode was proved based on thiol-containing conducting polymer poly(4-(thiophene-3-yl) benzenethiol) (PTBT). The PTBT featured the polythiophene-structure main chain as a highly conducting framework and the benzenethiol side chain to copolymerize with sulfur and form a crosslinked organosulfur polymer (namely S/PTBT). Meanwhile, it could be in-situ deposited on the current collector by electro-polymerization, making it a binder-free and free-standing cathode for Li-S batteries. The S/PTBT cathode exhibited a reversible capacity of around 870 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 C and improved cycling performance compared to the physically mixed cathode (namely S&PTBT). This multifunction cathode eliminated the influence of the additives (carbon/binder), making it suitable to be applied as a model electrode for operando analysis. Operando X-ray imaging revealed the remarkable effect in the suppression of polysulfides shuttle via introducing covalent bonds, paving the way for the study of the intrinsic mechanisms in Li-S batteries.
Thousands of glacier lakes have been forming behind natural dams in high mountains following glacier retreat since the early 20th century. Some of these lakes abruptly released pulses of water and sediment with disastrous downstream consequences. Yet it remains unclear whether the reported rise of these glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) has been fueled by a warming atmosphere and enhanced meltwater production, or simply a growing research effort. Here we estimate trends and biases in GLOF reporting based on the largest global catalog of 1,997 dated glacier-related floods in six major mountain ranges from 1901 to 2017. We find that the positive trend in the number of reported GLOFs has decayed distinctly after a break in the 1970s, coinciding with independently detected trend changes in annual air temperatures and in the annual number of field-based glacier surveys (a proxy of scientific reporting). We observe that GLOF reports and glacier surveys decelerated, while temperature rise accelerated in the past five decades. Enhanced warming alone can thus hardly explain the annual number of reported GLOFs, suggesting that temperature-driven glacier lake formation, growth, and failure are weakly coupled, or that outbursts have been overlooked. Indeed, our analysis emphasizes a distinct geographic and temporal bias in GLOF reporting, and we project that between two to four out of five GLOFs on average might have gone unnoticed in the early to mid-20th century. We recommend that such biases should be considered, or better corrected for, when attributing the frequency of reported GLOFs to atmospheric warming.
With the increasing sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors, we expect to observe multiple binary neutron-star systems through gravitational waves in the near future. The combined analysis of these gravitational-wave signals offers the possibility to constrain the neutron-star radius and the equation of state of dense nuclear matter with unprecedented accuracy. However, it is crucial to ensure that uncertainties inherent in the gravitational-wave models will not lead to systematic biases when information from multiple detections is combined. To quantify waveform systematics, we perform an extensive simulation campaign of binary neutron-star sources and analyze them with a set of four different waveform models. For our analysis with 38 simulations, we find that statistical uncertainties in the neutron-star radius decrease to 1250 m (2% at 90% credible interval) but that systematic differences between currently employed waveform models can be twice as large. Hence, it will be essential to ensure that systematic biases will not become dominant in inferences of the neutron-star equation of state when capitalizing on future developments.
Rupture directivity, implying a predominant earthquake rupture propagation direction, is typically inferred upon the identification of 2D azimuthal patterns of seismic observations for weak to large earthquakes using surface-monitoring networks. However, the recent increase of 3D monitoring networks deployed in the shallow subsurface and underground laboratories toward the monitoring of microseismicity allows to extend the directivity analysis to 3D modeling, beyond the usual range of magnitudes. The high-quality full waveforms recorded for the largest, decimeter-scale acoustic emission (AE) events during a meter-scale hydraulic fracturing experiment in granites at similar to 410 m depth allow us to resolve the apparent durations observed at each AE sensor to analyze 3D-directivity effects. Unilateral and (asymmetric) bilateral ruptures are then characterized by the introduction of a parameter kappa, representing the angle between the directivity vector and the station vector. While the cloud of AE activity indicates the planes of the hydrofractures, the resolved directivity vectors show off-plane orientations, indicating that rupture planes of microfractures on a scale of centimeters have different geometries. Our results reveal a general alignment of the rupture directivity with the orientation of the minimum horizontal stress, implying that not only the slip direction but also the fracture growth produced by the fluid injections is controlled by the local stress conditions.
In vitro thrombogenicity test systems require co-cultivation of endothelial cells and platelets under blood flow-like conditions. Here, a commercially available perfusion system is explored using plasma-treated cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) as a substrate for the endothelial cell layer. COC was characterized prior to endothelialization and co-cultivation with platelets under static or flow conditions. COC exhibits a low roughness and a moderate hydrophilicity. Flow promoted endothelial cell growth and prevented platelet adherence. These findings show the suitability of COC as substrate and the importance of blood flow-like conditions for the assessment of the thrombogenic risk of drugs or cardiovascular implant materials.
After initial detection of target archival DNA of a 116-year-old syntype specimen of the smooth lantern shark, Etmopterus pusillus, in a single-stranded DNA library, we shotgun-sequenced additional 9 million reads from this same DNA library. Sequencing reads were used for extracting mitochondrial sequence information for analyses of mitochondrial DNA characteristics and reconstruction of the mitochondrial genome. The archival DNA is highly fragmented. A total of 4599 mitochondrial reads were available for the genome reconstruction using an iterative mapping approach. The resulting genome sequence has 12 times coverage and a length of 16 741 bp. All 37 vertebrate mitochondrial loci plus the control region were identified and annotated. The mitochondrial NADH2 gene was subsequently used to place the syntype haplotype in a network comprising multiple E. pusillus samples from various distant localities as well as sequences from a morphological similar species, the shortfin smooth lantern shark Etmopterus joungi. Results confirm the almost global distribution of E. pusillus and suggest E. joungi to be a junior synonym of E. pusillus. As mitochondrial DNA often represents the only available reference information in non-model organisms, this study illustrates the importance of mitochondrial DNA from an aged, wet collection type specimen for taxonomy.
This book provides a new perspective on prosodically marked declaratives, wh-exclamatives, and discourse particles in the Madrid variety of Spanish. It argues that some marked forms differ from unmarked forms in that they encode modal evaluations of the at-issue meaning. Two epistemic evaluations that can be shown to be encoded by intonation in Spanish are obviousness and mirativity, which present the at-issue meaning as expected and unexpected, respectively. An empirical investigation via a production experiment finds that they are associated with distinct intonational features under constant focus scope, with stances of (dis)agreement showing an impact on obvious declaratives. Wh-exclamatives are found not to differ significantly in intonational marking from neutral declaratives, showing that they need not be miratives. Moreover, we find that intonational marking on different discourse particles in natural dialogue correlates with their meaning contribution without being fully determined by it. In part, these findings quantitatively confirm previous qualitative findings on the meaning of intonational configurations in Madrid Spanish. But they also add new insights on the role intonation plays in the negotiation of commitments and expectations between interlocutors.
Numerical studies of the dynamics of gravitational systems, e.g., black hole-neutron star systems, require physical and constraint-satisfying initial data. In this article, we present the newly developed pseudospectral code ELLIPTICA, an infrastructure for construction of initial data for various binary and single gravitational systems of all kinds. The elliptic equations under consideration are solved on a single spatial hypersurface of the spacetime manifold. Using coordinate maps, the hypersurface is covered by patches whose boundaries can adapt to the surface of the compact objects. To solve elliptic equations with arbitrary boundary condition, ELLIPTICA deploys a Schur complement domain decomposition method with a direct solver. In this version, we use cubed sphere coordinate maps and the fields are expanded using Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. Here, we explain the building blocks of ELLIPTICA and the initial data construction algorithm for a black hole-neutron star binary system. We perform convergence tests and evolve the data to validate our results. Within our framework, the neutron star can reach spin values close to breakup with arbitrary direction, while the black hole can have arbitrary spin with dimensionless spin magnitude ∼0.8.
This paper presents two new pollen records and quantitative climate reconstructions from northern Chukotka documenting environmental changes over the last 27.9 ka. Open tundra- and steppe-like habitats dominated between 27.9 and 18.7 cal. ka BP. Betula and Alnus shrubs might have grown in sheltered microhabitats but disappeared after 18.7 cal. ka BP. Although the climate was rather harsh, local herb-dominated communities supported herbivores as is evident by the presence of coprophilous spores in the sediments. The increase in Salix and Cyperaceae similar to 16.1 cal. ka BP suggests climate amelioration. Shrub Betula appeared similar to 15.9 cal. ka BP, and became dominant after similar to 15.52 cal. ka BP, whilst typical steppe communities drastically reduced. Very high presence of Botryococcus in the Lateglacial sediments reflects widespread shallow habitats, probably due to lake level increase. Shrub Alnus became common after similar to 13 cal. ka BP reflecting further climate amelioration. Simultaneously, herb communities gradually decreased in the vegetation reaching a minimum similar to 11.8 cal. ka BP. A gradual decrease of algae remains suggests a reduction of shallow-water habitats. Shrubby and graminoid tundra was dominant similar to 11.8-11.1 cal. ka BP, later Salix stands significantly decreased. The forest-tundra ecotone established in the Early Holocene, shortly after 11.1 cal. ka BP. Low contents of green algae in the Early Holocene sediments likely reflect deeper aquatic conditions. The most favourable climate conditions were between similar to 10.6 and 7 cal. ka BP. Vegetation became similar to the modern after similar to 7 cal. ka BP but Pinus pumila came to the Ilirney area at about 1.2 cal. ka BP. It is important to emphasize that the study area provided refugia for Betula and Alnus during MIS 2. It is also notable that our records do not reflect evidence of Younger Dryas cooling, which is inconsistent with some regional environmental records but in good accordance with some others.
The nature of the interaction between prehistoric humans and their environment, especially the vegetation, has long been of interest. The Qinghai Lake Basin in North China is well-suited to exploring the interactions between prehistoric humans and vegetation in the Tibetan Plateau, because of the comparatively dense distribution of archaeological sites and the ecologically fragile environment. Previous pollen studies of Qinghai Lake have enabled a detailed reconstruction of the regional vegetation, but they have provided relatively little information on vegetation change within the Qinghai Lake watershed. To address the issue we conducted a pollen-based vegetation reconstruction for an archaeological site (YWY), located on the southern shore of Qinghai Lake. We used high temporal-resolution pollen records from the YWY site and from Qinghai Lake, spanning the interval since the last deglaciation (15.3 kyr BP to the present) to quantitatively reconstruct changes in the local and regional vegetation using Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm models. The results show that, since the late glacial, spruce forest grew at high altitudes in the surrounding mountains, while the lakeshore environment was occupied mainly by shrub-steppe. From the lateglacial to the middle Holocene, coniferous woodland began to expand downslope and reached the YWY site at 7.1 kyr BP. The living environment of the local small groups of Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic humans (during 15.3-13.1 kyr BP and 9-6.4 kyr BP) changed from shrub-steppe to coniferous forest-steppe. The pollen record shows no evidence of pronounced changes in the vegetation community corresponding to human activity. However, based on a comparison of the local and regional vegetation reconstructions, low values of biodiversity and a significant increase in two indicators of vegetation degradation, Chenopodiaceae and Rosaceae, suggest that prehistoric hunters-gatherers likely disturbed the local vegetation during 9.0-6.4 kyr BP. Our findings are a preliminary attempt to study human-environment interactions at Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic sites in the region, and they contribute to ongoing environmental archaeology research in the Tibetan Plateau.
Biodiversity maintains soil multifunctionality and soil organic carbon in novel urban ecosystems
(2022)
Biodiversity in urban ecosystems has the potential to increase ecosystem functions and support a suite of services valued by society, including services provided by soils. Specifically, the sequestration of carbon in soils has often been advocated as a solution to mitigate the steady increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere as a key driver of climate change. However, urban ecosystems are also characterized by an often high level of ecological novelty due to profound human-mediated changes, such as the presence of high numbers of non-native species, impervious surfaces or other disturbances. Yet it is poorly understood whether and how biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning and services of urban soils under these novel conditions. In this study, we assessed the influence of above- and below-ground diversity, as well as urbanization and plant invasions, on multifunctionality and organic carbon stocks of soils in non-manipulated grasslands along an urbanization gradient in Berlin, Germany. We focused on plant diversity (measured as species richness and functional trait diversity) and, in addition, on soil organism diversity as a potential mediator for the relationship of plant species diversity and ecosystem functioning. Our results showed positive effects of plant diversity on soil multifunctionality and soil organic carbon stocks along the entire gradient. Structural equation models revealed that plant diversity enhanced soil multifunctionality and soil organic carbon by increasing the diversity of below-ground organisms. These positive effects of plant diversity on soil multifunctionality and soil fauna were not restricted to native plant species only, but were also exerted by non-native species, although to a lesser degree. Synthesis. We conclude that enhancing diversity in plants and soil fauna of urban grasslands can increase the multifunctionality of urban soils and also add to their often underestimated but very valuable role in mitigating effects of climate change.
The geomagnetic activity index Kp is widely used but is restricted by low time resolution (3-hourly) and an upper limit. To address this, new geomagnetic activity indices, Hpo, are introduced. Similar to Kp, Hpo expresses the level of planetary geomagnetic activity in units of thirds (0o, 0+, 1-, 1o, 1+, 2-, horizontal ellipsis ) based on the magnitude of geomagnetic disturbances observed at subauroral observatories. Hpo has a higher time resolution than Kp. 30-min (Hp30) and 60-min (Hp60) indices are produced. The frequency distribution of Hpo is designed to be similar to that of Kp so that Hpo may be used as a higher time-resolution alternative to Kp. Unlike Kp, which is capped at 9o, Hpo is an open-ended index and thus can characterize severe geomagnetic storms more accurately. Hp30, Hp60 and corresponding linearly scaled ap30 and ap60 are available, in near real time, at the GFZ website (https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/hpo-index).
Rapidly evolving floods are rare but powerful drivers of landscape reorganisation that have severe and long-lasting impacts on both the functions of a landscape's subsystems and the affected society. The July 2021 flood that particularly hit several river catchments of the Eifel region in western Germany and Belgium was a drastic example. While media and scientists highlighted the meteorological and hydrological aspects of this flood, it was not just the rising water levels in the main valleys that posed a hazard, caused damage, and drove environmental reorganisation. Instead, the concurrent coupling of landscape elements and the wood, sediment, and debris carried by the fast-flowing water made this flood so devastating and difficult to predict. Because more intense floods are able to interact with more landscape components, they at times reveal rare non-linear feedbacks, which may be hidden during smaller events due to their high thresholds of initiation. Here, we briefly review the boundary conditions of the 14-15 July 2021 flood and discuss the emerging features that made this event different from previous floods. We identify hillslope processes, aspects of debris mobilisation, the legacy of sustained human land use, and emerging process connections and feedbacks as critical non-hydrological dimensions of the flood. With this landscape scale perspective, we develop requirements for improved future event anticipation, mitigation, and fundamental system understanding.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system customization is often necessary because companies have unique processes that provide their competitive advantage. Despite new technological advances such as cloud computing or model-driven development, technical ERP customization options are either outdated or ambiguously formulated in the scientific literature. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) that analyzes 137 definitions from 26 papers, the result is an analysis and aggregation of technical customization types by providing clearance and aligning with future organizational needs. The results show a shift from ERP code modification in on-premises systems to interface and integration customization in cloud ERP systems, as well as emerging technological opportunities as a way for customers and key users to perform system customization. The study contributes by providing a clear understanding of given customization types and assisting ERP users and vendors in making customization decisions.
Hawaiki according to Tupaia
(2023)
This essay looks into the concept of an ancestral homeland in Remote Oceania, commonly referred to as Hawaiki (‘Avaiki; Havai‘i; Hawai‘i). Hawaiki intriguingly challenges Eurocentric notions of ‘home.’ Following the rapid settlement of the so-called Polynesian triangle from Samoa/Tonga at around 1000 AD, Hawaiki has emerged as a concept that is both mythological and real; genealogical and geographic; singular and yet portable, existing in plural regional manifestations. I argue that predominantly Pakeha/Popa‘ā research trying to identify Hawaiki as a singular and geographically fixed homeland is misleading. I tap into the archive surrounding the Ra‘iātean tahu‘a and master navigator Tupaia who joined Captain Cook’s crew during his first voyage to the Pacific to offer glimpses of an alternative ontology of home and epistemology of Oceanic ‘homing.’
In light of the growing emotionalization of public discourse, this article deals with the action of shame allocation in Israeli accountability interviews. A qualitative analysis of tokens of the Hebrew verb lehitbayesh ‘to be ashamed’ in political interviews was conducted using Discursive Psychology and Conversation Analysis methods. The findings show that in this public context the verb lehitbayesh is mostly not used to convey an emotional state, nor can its meaning be explained by the classic theoretical conceptualization of shame. Instead, lehitbayesh is mobilized to allocate shame to another actor, and portrays the allocator as morally superior and as someone who sacrifices for what is right. Lehitbayesh is part of the negotiations between journalists and politicians over the question of who is accountable for a transgressive act, what the desired response is, and who the relevant audience for the moral lesson is.
"Writing with my professors”
(2023)
Kollaboratives Forschen quer zu hegemonialen Wissensordnungen gilt als wichtiger Baustein dekolonialer Wissenspraxis. Gemeinsame Schreibprozesse von Wissenschaftler*innen und ihren nicht-wissenschaftlichen Forschungspartner*innen sind allerdings selten und eine methodologische und forschungspraktische Reflexion fehlt. Die Beiträger*innen widmen sich diesen Lücken, indem sie erfolgreiche, aber auch gescheiterte Projekte kollaborativer Textproduktion zwischen Universität und Feld vorstellen und auf ihr Potenzial als transformative und dekoloniale Wissenspraxis befragen. So entsteht eine praktische Orientierungshilfe, die gleichzeitig die interdisziplinäre Diskussion anregt.
Dispersion-curve inversion of Rayleigh waves to infer subsurface shear-wave velocity is a long-standing problem in seismology. Due to nonlinearity and ill-posedness, sophisticated regularization techniques are required to solve the problem for a stable velocity model. We have formulated the problem as a minimization problem with nonlinear operator constraint and then solve it by using an inexact augmented Lagrangian method, taking advantage of the Haney-Tsai Dix-type relation (a global linear approximation of the nonlinear forward operator). This replaces the original regularized nonlinear problem with iterative minimization of a more tractable regularized linear problem followed by a nonlinear update of the phase velocity (data) in which the update can be performed accurately with any forward modeling engine, for example, the finite-element method. The algorithm allows discretizing the medium with thin layers (for the finite-element method) and thus omitting the layer thicknesses from the unknowns and also allows incorporating arbitrary regularizations to shape the desired velocity model. In this research, we use total variation regularization to retrieve the shear-wave velocity model. We use two synthetic and two real data examples to illustrate the performance of the inversion algorithm with total variation regularization. We find that the method is fast and stable, and it converges to the solution of the original nonlinear problem.
In this visualization, the authors show changes in family patterns by different race groups across two cohorts. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (born from 1957 to 1965) and 1997 (born from 1980 to 1984), the authors visualize the relationship-parenthood state distributions at each age between 15 and 35 years by race and cohort. The results suggest the rise of cohabiting mothers and the decline of married and divorced mothers among women born from 1980 to 1984. Black women born from 1980 to 1984 were more likely to experience single/childless and single/parent status compared with Black women born from 1957 to 1965. Although with some visible postponement in the recent cohort, white women in both cohorts were more likely to experience married/parent status than other race groups. The decline in married/parent status across the two generations was sharpest among Hispanic women. These descriptive findings highlight the importance of identifying race when discussing changes in family formation and dissolution trends across generations.
We perform numerical studies of a thermally driven, overdamped particle in a random quenched force field, known as the Sinai model. We compare the unbounded motion on an infinite 1-dimensional domain to the motion in bounded domains with reflecting boundaries and show that the unbounded motion is at every time close to the equilibrium state of a finite system of growing size. This is due to time scale separation: inside wells of the random potential, there is relatively fast equilibration, while the motion across major potential barriers is ultraslow. Quantities studied by us are the time dependent mean squared displacement, the time dependent mean energy of an ensemble of particles, and the time dependent entropy of the probability distribution. Using a very fast numerical algorithm, we can explore times up top 10(17) steps and thereby also study finite-time crossover phenomena.
Both children and adults have been shown to benefit from the integration of multisensory and sensorimotor enrichment into pedagogy. For example, integrating pictures or gestures into foreign language (L2) vocabulary learning can improve learning outcomes relative to unisensory learning. However, whereas adults seem to benefit to a greater extent from sensorimotor enrichment such as the performance of gestures in contrast to multisensory enrichment with pictures, this is not the case in elementary school children. Here, we compared multisensory- and sensorimotor-enriched learning in an intermediate age group that falls between the age groups tested in previous studies (elementary school children and young adults), in an attempt to determine the developmental time point at which children's responses to enrichment mature from a child-like pattern into an adult-like pattern. Twelve-year-old and fourteen-year-old German children were trained over 5 consecutive days on auditorily presented, concrete and abstract, Spanish vocabulary. The vocabulary was learned under picture-enriched, gesture-enriched, and non-enriched (auditory-only) conditions. The children performed vocabulary recall and translation tests at 3 days, 2 months, and 6 months post-learning. Both picture and gesture enrichment interventions were found to benefit children's L2 learning relative to non-enriched learning up to 6 months post-training. Interestingly, gesture-enriched learning was even more beneficial than picture-enriched learning for the 14-year-olds, while the 12-year-olds benefitted equivalently from learning enriched with pictures and gestures. These findings provide evidence for opting to integrate gestures rather than pictures into L2 pedagogy starting at 14 years of age.
Introduction: Remote telemonitoring (RTM) for patients with chronic heart failure (HF) holds promise to improve prognosis and well-being beyond the standard of care (SoC). The CardioBBEAT trial assessed the health economic and clinical impact of an interactive bidirectional RTM system (Motiva(R)) versus SoC for patients with HF and a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), in Germany.Methods: This multicenter, randomized controlled trial enrolled 621 patients with HFrEF (mean age 63.0 +/- 11.5 years, 88% men). The primary endpoint was the integrated effect of the intervention on total costs and nonhospitalized days alive after 12 months, reported as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Costs (in keuro) were based on actual charges of patients' statutory health insurance. Among secondary outcome measures were mortality and disease-specific quality of life.Results: We found a neutral effect on nonhospitalized days alive (RTM mean 341 +/- 59 days, SoC 346 +/- 45 days; p = 0.298) associated with increased total costs (RTM 18.5 +/- 39.5 keuro, SoC 12.8 +/- 22.0 keuro; p = 0.046). This yielded an ICER of -1.15 keuro/day. RTM did not impact mortality risk. All quality of life scales were consistently and meaningfully improved in the RTM group at 12 months compared to SoC (all p < 0.01).Conclusions: The first 12 months of RTM were not cost-effective compared to SoC in patients with HFrEF, but associated with a relevant improvement in disease-specific quality of life. The balanced assessment of the potential benefit of RTM requires integration of both the societal and patient perspective.ClinTrials.gov (NCT02293252).
Local biodiversity patterns are expected to strongly reflect variation in topography, land use, dispersal boundaries, nutrient supplies, contaminant spread, management practices, and other anthropogenic influences. Contrary to this expectation, studies focusing on specific taxa revealed a biodiversity homogenization effect in areas subjected to long-term intensive industrial agriculture. We investigated whether land use affects biodiversity levels and community composition (alpha- and beta-diversity) in 67 kettle holes (KH) representing small aquatic islands embedded in the patchwork matrix of a largely agricultural landscape comprising grassland, forest, and arable fields. These KH, similar to millions of standing water bodies of glacial origin, spread across northern Europe, Asia, and North America, are physico-chemically diverse and differ in the degree of coupling with their surroundings. We assessed aquatic and sediment biodiversity patterns of eukaryotes, Bacteria, and Archaea in relation to environmental features of the KH, using deep-amplicon-sequencing of environmental DNA (eDNA). First, we asked whether deep sequencing of eDNA provides a representative picture of KH aquatic biodiversity across the Bacteria, Archaea, and eukaryotes. Second, we investigated if and to what extent KH biodiversity is influenced by the surrounding land use. We hypothesized that richness and community composition will greatly differ in KH from agricultural land use compared with KH in grasslands and forests. Our data show that deep eDNA amplicon sequencing is useful for in-depth assessments of cross-domain biodiversity comprising both micro- and macro-organisms, but has limitations with respect to single-taxa conservation studies. Using this broad method, we show that sediment eDNA, integrating several years to decades, depicts the history of agricultural land-use intensification. Aquatic biodiversity was best explained by seasonality, whereas land-use type explained little of the variation. We concluded that, counter to our hypothesis, land use intensification coupled with landscape wide nutrient enrichment (including atmospheric deposition), groundwater connectivity between KH and organismal (active and passive) dispersal in the tight network of ponds, resulted in a biodiversity homogenization in the KH water, leveling off today's detectable differences in KH biodiversity between land-use types. These findings have profound implications for measures and management strategies to combat current biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes worldwide.
This open access book is about Mozambicans and Angolans who migrated in state-sponsored schemes to East Germany in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s. They went to work and to be trained as a vanguard labor force for the intended African industrial revolutions. While they were there, they contributed their labor power to the East German economy.
This book draws on more than 260 life history interviews and uncovers complex and contradictory experiences and transnational encounters. What emerges is a series of dualities that exist side by side in the memories of the former migrants: the state and the individual, work and consumption, integration and exclusion, loss and gain, and the past in the past and the past in the present and future. By uncovering these dualities, the book explores the lives of African migrants moving between the Third and Second worlds.
Devoted to the memories of worker-trainees, this transnational study comes at a time when historians are uncovering the many varied, complicated, and important connections within the global socialist world.
Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with a chronic medical condition show an increased risk for developing mental comorbidities compared to their healthy peers. Internet- and mobile-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) might be a low-threshold treatment to support affected AYA. In this randomized controlled pilot trial, the feasibility and potential efficacy of youthCOACH(CD), an iCBT targeting symptoms of anxiety and depression in AYA with chronic medical conditions, was evaluated. Methods: A total of 30 AYA (M-age 16.13; SD= 2.34; 73% female), aged 12-21 years either suffering from cystic fibrosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis or type 1 diabetes, were randomly assigned to either a guided version of the iCBT youthCOACH(CD) (IC, n=15) or to a waitlist control group (CG, n=15), receiving an unguided version of the iCBT six months post-randomization. Participants of the IG and the CG were assessed before (t0), twelve weeks after (t1) and six months after (t2) randomization. Primary outcome was the feasibility of the iCBT. Different parameters of feasibility e.g. acceptance, client satisfaction or potential side effects were evaluated. First indications of the possible efficacy with regard to the primary efficacy outcome, the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale, and further outcome variables were evaluated using linear regression models, adjusting for baseline values. Results: Regarding feasibility, intervention completion was 60%; intervention satisfaction (M = 25.42, SD = 5.85) and perceived therapeutic alliance (M = 2.83, SD = 1.25) were moderate and comparable to other iCBTs. No patterns emerged regarding subjective and objective negative side effects due to participation in youthCOACH(CD). Estimates of potential efficacy showed between group differences, with a potential medium-term benefit of youthCOACH(CD) (beta = -0.55, 95%Cl: -1.17; 0.07), but probably not short-term (beta = 0.20, 95%Cl: -0.47; 0.88). Conclusions: Our results point to the feasibility of youthCOACH(CD) and the implementation of a future definitive randomized controlled trial addressing its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Due to the small sample size, conclusions are premature, however, further strategies to foster treatment adherence should be considered.
Recent observations have revealed remarkable insights into the gas reservoir in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxy haloes. In this paper, we characterise the gas in the vicinity of Milky Way and Andromeda analogues in the hestia (High resolution Environmental Simulations of The Immediate Area) suite of constrained Local Group (LG) simulations. The hestia suite comprise of a set of three high-resolution arepo-based simulations of the LG, run using the Auriga galaxy formation model.
For this paper, we focus only on the 𝑧 = 0 simulation datasets and generate mock skymaps along with a power spectrum analysis to show that the distributions of ions tracing low-temperature gas (H i and Si iii) are more clumpy in comparison to warmer gas tracers (O vi, O vii and O viii). We compare to the spectroscopic CGM observations of M31 and low-redshift galaxies.
hestia under-produces the column densities of the M31 observations, but the simulations are consistent with the observations of low-redshift galaxies. A possible explanation for these findings is that the spectroscopic observations of M31 are contaminated by gas residing in the CGM of the Milky Way.
Das Anliegen, Theologie dialogisch zu betreiben, durchzieht das wissenschaftliche Schaffen und das kirchliche Engagement Bernd Oberdorfers. Dialogizität, Geselligkeit, Freundschaft und Partnerschaftlichkeit bilden nicht nur Themen in seinem Denken, sondern zeichnen auch seine Persönlichkeit aus.
Davon angeregt verfolgt der Sammelband verschiedene Ebenen und Felder menschlichen Zusammenlebens: von Nahbeziehungen in der Partnerschaft und Freundschaft bis hin zu nationalen und globalen Dialogen zwischen Kirchen und Diskursformen in der Gesellschaft. Schwerpunkte liegen auf den Themen Partnerschaft, Geselligkeit und Disput, interdisziplinären Begegnungen mit Literatur, Kultur und Ethik, Friedensethik und Frieden der Religionen und Dogmatik und weltweite Ökumene im Dialog zwischen Theorie und Praxis.
The present study estimated diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and land use (LU) in a sample of adults, examined main dietary contributors of GHGE, and evaluated socio demographic, lifestyle, and wellbeing factors as potential determinants of high environmental impact. A cross-sectional design based on data collected from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort (2010-2012) was used. Usual diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. Diet-related GHGE and LU were calculated using a European-average lifecycle analyses-food-item database (SHARP-ID). Information on potential determinants were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Men (n = 404) and women (n = 401) at an average age of 66.0 +/- 8.4 years were included. Dietary-related energy-adjusted GHGE in men was 6.6 +/- 0.9 and in women was 7.0 +/- 1.1 kg CO2 eq per 2000 kcal. LU in men was 7.8 +/- 1.2 and in women was 7.7 +/- 1.2 m(2)/year per 2000 kcal. Food groups contributing to most GHGE included dairy, meat and non-alcoholic beverages. Among women, being single, having a job, being a smoker and having higher BMI were characteristics associated with higher GHGE, whereas for men these included being married, longer sleeping duration and higher BMI. Further studies are warranted to provide insights into population-specific determinants of sustainable dietary choices.
The drug concentrations targeted in meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam therapy also depend on the susceptibility of the pathogen. Yet, the pathogen is often unknown, and antibiotic therapy is guided by empirical targets. To reliably achieve the targeted concentrations, dosing needs to be adjusted for renal function. We aimed to evaluate a meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam monitoring program in intensive care unit (ICU) patients by assessing (i) the adequacy of locally selected empirical targets, (ii) if dosing is adequately adjusted for renal function and individual target, and (iii) if dosing is adjusted in target attainment (TA) failure. In a prospective, observational clinical trial of drug concentrations, relevant patient characteristics and microbiological data (pathogen, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)) for patients receiving meropenem or piperacillin/tazobactam treatment were collected. If the MIC value was available, a target range of 1-5 x MIC was selected for minimum drug concentrations of both drugs. If the MIC value was not available, 8-40 mg/L and 16-80 mg/L were selected as empirical target ranges for meropenem and piperacillin, respectively. A total of 356 meropenem and 216 piperacillin samples were collected from 108 and 96 ICU patients, respectively. The vast majority of observed MIC values was lower than the empirical target (meropenem: 90.0%, piperacillin: 93.9%), suggesting empirical target value reductions. TA was found to be low (meropenem: 35.7%, piperacillin 50.5%) with the lowest TA for severely impaired renal function (meropenem: 13.9%, piperacillin: 29.2%), and observed drug concentrations did not significantly differ between patients with different targets, indicating dosing was not adequately adjusted for renal function or target. Dosing adjustments were rare for both drugs (meropenem: 6.13%, piperacillin: 4.78%) and for meropenem irrespective of TA, revealing that concentration monitoring alone was insufficient to guide dosing adjustment. Empirical targets should regularly be assessed and adjusted based on local susceptibility data. To improve TA, scientific knowledge should be translated into easy-to-use dosing strategies guiding antibiotic dosing.
Biochemical markers and wellness status during a congested match play period in elite soccer players
(2022)
Objectives:
To analyze biochemical markers, wellness status, and physical fitness in elite soccer players in relation to changes in training and match exposure during a congested period of match play.
Methods:
Fourteen elite soccer players were evaluated 3 times (T1, T2, and T3) over 12 weeks (T1-T2: 6-wk regular period of match play and T2-T3: 6-wk congested period of match play). Players performed vertical jump tests, repeated shuttle sprint ability test, and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test at T1, T2, and T3. Plasma C-reactive protein, creatinine, and creatine kinase were analyzed at T1, T2, and T3. Wellness status was measured daily using the Hopper questionnaire (delayed onset of muscle soreness, stress, fatigue, and sleep quality). Training session rating of perceived exertion was also recorded on a daily basis.
Results:
A significant increase was found in stress, fatigue, delayed onset of muscle soreness scores, and Hopper index during the congested period (between T2 and T3) compared with the regular period (between T1 and T2) (.001 < P < .008, 0.8 < ES < 2.3). Between T2 and T3, significant relationships were found between the percentage variations (Delta%) of C-reactive protein, and Delta% of creatine kinase with the Hopper Index, and the Delta% of fatigue score. In addition, the Delta% of fatigue score and Delta% of delayed onset of muscle soreness score correlated with Delta% Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test and Delta% best of repeated shuttle sprint ability test (.49 < r < P < .01).
Conclusions:
An intensive period of congested match play significantly compromised elite soccer players' physical fitness and wellness status. Elite soccer players' wellness status reflects declines in physical fitness during this period while biochemical changes do not.
State- and private-led search-and-rescue are hypothesized to foster irregular migration (and thereby migrant fatalities) by altering the decision calculus associated with the journey. We here investigate this ‘pull factor’ claim by focusing on the Central Mediterranean route, the most frequented and deadly irregular migration route towards Europe during the past decade. Based on three intervention periods—(1) state-led Mare Nostrum, (2) private-led search-and-rescue, and (3) coordinated pushbacks by the Libyan Coast Guard—which correspond to substantial changes in laws, policies, and practices of search-and-rescue in the Mediterranean, we are able to test the ‘pull factor’ claim by employing an innovative machine learning method in combination with causal inference. We employ a Bayesian structural time-series model to estimate the effects of these three intervention periods on the migration flow as measured by crossing attempts (i.e., time-series aggregate counts of arrivals, pushbacks, and deaths), adjusting for various known drivers of irregular migration. We combine multiple sources of traditional and non-traditional data to build a synthetic, predicted counterfactual flow. Results show that our predictive modeling approach accurately captures the behavior of the target time-series during the various pre-intervention periods of interest. A comparison of the observed and predicted counterfactual time-series in the post-intervention periods suggest that pushback policies did affect the migration flow, but that the search-and-rescue periods did not yield a discernible difference between the observed and the predicted counterfactual number of crossing attempts. Hence we do not find support for search-and-rescue as a driver of irregular migration. In general, this modeling approach lends itself to forecasting migration flows with the goal of answering causal queries in migration research.
Wer Religion im mittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Europa untersuchen will, ist mit ähnlichen Schwierigkeiten konfrontiert wie bei der Anwendung des Begriffs in außereuropäischen Kontexten. Die Menschen damals verfügten allenfalls über vergleichbare, nicht aber identische Konzepte. In meinem Artikel werde ich drei dieser möglichen äquivalenten Religionskonzepte vorstellen und auf ihre Anschlussfähigkeit diskutieren: fides, lex und natio. Um diese Begriffe besser einordnen zu können, wird es zunächst darum gehen, einige grundsätzliche Unterschiede der Rolle von Religion im späten Mittelalter und der Frühen Neuzeit im Gegensatz zur Moderne in den Blick zu nehmen.
Trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) is usually calculated as the ratio of production rates between two consecutive trophic levels. Although seemingly simple, TTE estimates from lakes are rare. In our review, we explore the processes and structures that must be understood for a proper lake TTE estimate.
We briefly discuss measurements of production rates and trophic positions and mention how ecological efficiencies, nutrients (N, P) and other compounds (fatty acids) affect energy transfer between trophic levels and hence TTE.
Furthermore, we elucidate how TTE estimates are linked with size-based approaches according to the Metabolic Theory of Ecology, and how food-web models can be applied to study TTE in lakes.
Subsequently, we explore temporal and spatial heterogeneity of production and TTE in lakes, with a particular focus on the links between benthic and pelagic habitats and between the lake and the terrestrial environment.
We provide an overview of TTE estimates from lakes found in the published literature. Finally, we present two alternative approaches to estimating TTE. First, TTE can be seen as a mechanistic quantity informing about the energy and matter flow between producer and consumer groups.
This approach is informative with respect to food-web structure, but requires enormous amounts of data. The greatest uncertainty comes from the proper consideration of basal production to estimate TTE of omnivorous organisms.
An alternative approach is estimating food-chain and food-web efficiencies, by comparing the heterotrophic production of single consumer levels or the total sum of all heterotrophic production including that of heterotrophic bacteria to the total sum of primary production.
We close the review by pointing to a few research questions that would benefit from more frequent and standardized estimates of TTE in lakes.
Lithium and boron are trace components of magmas, released during exsolution of a gas phase during volcanic activity.
In this study, we determine the diffusivity and isotopic fractionation of Li and B in hydrous silicate melts.
Two glasses were synthesized with the same rhyolitic composition (4.2 wt% water), having different Li and B contents; these were studied in diffusion-couple experiments that were performed using an internally heated pressure vessel, operated at 300 MPa in the temperature range 700-1250 degrees C for durations from 0 s to 24 h. From this we determined activation energies for Li and B diffusion of 57 +/- 4 kJ/mol and 152 +/- 15 kJ/mol with pre-exponential factors of 1.53 x 10(-7) m(2)/s and 3.80 x 10(-8) m(2)/s, respectively.
Lithium isotopic fractionation during diffusion gave beta values between 0.15 and 0.20, whereas B showed no clear isotopic fractionation.
Our Li diffusivities and isotopic fractionation results differ somewhat from earlier published values, but overall confirm that Li diffusivity increases with water content. Our results on B diffusion show that similarly to Li, B mobility increases in the presence of water.
By applying the Eyring relation, we confirm that B diffusivity is limited by viscous flow in silicate melts.
Our results on Li and B diffusion present a new tool for understanding degassing-related processes, offering a potential geospeedometer to measure volcanic ascent rates.
How accurately can we retrieve irrigation timing and water amounts from (satellite) soil moisture?
(2022)
While ensuring food security worldwide, irrigation is altering the water cycle and generating numerous environmental side effects. As detailed knowledge about the timing and the amounts of water used for irrigation over large areas is still lacking, remotely sensed soil moisture has proved potential to fill this gap.
However, the spatial resolution and revisit time of current satellite products represent a major limitation to accurately estimating irrigation. This work aims to systematically quantify their impact on the retrieved irrigation information, hence assessing the value of satellite soil moisture for estimating irrigation timing and water amounts.
In a real-world experiment, we modeled soil moisture using actual irrigation and meteorological data, obtained from farmers and weather stations, respectively. Modeled soil moisture was compared against various remotely sensed products differing in terms of spatio-temporal resolution to test the hypothesis that high-resolution observations can disclose the irrigation signal from individual fields while coarse-scale satellite products cannot.
Then, in a synthetic experiment, we systematically investigated the effect of soil moisture spatial and temporal resolution on the accuracy of irrigation estimates. The analysis was further elaborated by considering different irrigation scenarios and by adding realistic amounts of random errors in the soil moisture time series.
We show that coarse-scale remotely sensed soil moisture products achieve higher correlations with rainfed simulations, while high-resolution satellite observations agree significantly better with irrigated simulations, suggesting that high-resolution satellite soil moisture can inform on field-scale (similar to 40 ha) irrigation. A thorough analysis of the synthetic dataset showed that satisfactory results, both in terms of detection (F-score > 0.8) and quantification (Pearson's correlation > 0.8), are found for noise-free soil moisture observations either with a temporal sampling up to 3 days or if at least one-third of the pixel covers the irrigated field(s).
However, irrigation water amounts are systematically underestimated for temporal samplings of more than one day, and decrease proportionally to the spatial resolution, i.e., coarsening the pixel size leads to larger irrigation underestimations.
Although lower spatial and temporal resolutions decrease the detection and quantification accuracies (e.g., R between 0.6 and 1 depending on the irrigation rate and spatio-temporal resolution), random errors in the soil moisture time series have a stronger negative impact (Pearson R always smaller than 0.85).
As expected, better performances are found for higher irrigation rates, i.e. when more water is supplied during an irrigation event. Despite the potentially large underestimations, our results suggest that high-resolution satellite soil moisture has the potential to track and quantify irrigation, especially over regions where large volumes of irrigation water are applied to the fields, and given that low errors affect the soil moisture observations.
The process of species formation is characterized by the accumulation of multiple reproductive barriers. The evolution of hybrid male sterility, or Haldane's rule, typically characterizes later stages of species formation, when reproductive isolation is strongest.
Yet, understanding how quickly reproductive barriers evolve and their consequences for maintaining genetic boundaries between emerging species remains a challenging task because it requires studying taxa that hybridize in nature.
Here, we address these questions using the meadow grasshopper Pseudochorthippus parallelus, where populations that show multiple reproductive barriers, including hybrid male sterility, hybridize in two natural hybrid zones. Using mitochondrial data, we infer that such populations diverged some 100,000 years ago, at the beginning of the last glacial cycle in Europe.
Nuclear data show that contractions at multiple glacial refugia, and post-glacial expansions have facilitated genetic differentiation between lineages that today interact in hybrid zones.
We find extensive introgression throughout the sampled species range, irrespective of the current strength of reproductive isolation. Populations exhibiting hybrid male sterility in two hybrid zones show repeatable patterns of genomic differentiation, consistent with shared genomic constraints affecting ancestral divergence or with the role of those regions in reproductive isolation.
Together, our results suggest that reproductive barriers that characterize late stages of species formation can evolve relatively quickly, particularly when associated with strong demographic changes. Moreover, we show that such barriers persist in the face of extensive gene flow, allowing future studies to identify associated genomic regions.
In vitro transcribed (IVT)-mRNA has been accepted as a promising therapeutic modality. Advances in facile and rapid production technologies make IVT-mRNA an appealing alternative to protein- or virus-based medicines.
Robust expression levels, lack of genotoxicity, and their manageable immunogenicity benefit its clinical applicability.
We postulated that innate immune responses of therapeutically relevant human cells can be tailored or abrogated by combinations of 5'-end and internal IVT-mRNA modifications.
Using primary human macrophages as targets, our data show the particular importance of uridine modifications for IVT-mRNA performance.
Among five nucleotide modification schemes tested, 5-methoxy-uridine outperformed other modifications up to 4-fold increased transgene expression, triggering moderate proinflammatory and non-detectable antiviral responses.
Macrophage responses against IVT-mRNAs exhibiting high immunogenicity (e.g., pseudouridine) could be minimized upon HPLC purification. Conversely, 5'-end modifications had only modest effects on mRNA expression and immune responses.
Our results revealed how the uptake of chemically modified IVT-mRNA impacts human macrophages, responding with distinct patterns of innate immune responses concomitant with increased transient transgene expression.
We anticipate our findings are instrumental to predictively address specific cell responses required for a wide range of therapeutic applications from eliciting controlled immunogenicity in mRNA vaccines to, e.g., completely abrogating cell activation in protein replacement therapies.
Das Risiko, durch einen Suizid im Gefängnis zu versterben, ist erhöht. Während der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden zum Infektionsschutz zahlreiche Maßnahmen, die beispielsweise eine deutliche Minderung der Kontakt- und Behandlungsangebote zur Folge hatten, eingeführt. Im Rahmen eines Kohortenvergleichs der Suizide und ausgewählter Merkmale der Suizident:innen in den Zeiträumen vom April 2017 bis zum Dezember 2019 sowie vom April 2020 bis zum Dezember 2022 wird untersucht, ob es eine Veränderung der Suizide während der Pandemie gab. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich eine Zunahme der Suizide während der Pandemie, insbesondere in den ersten 14 Tagen der Haft, und eine Zunahme der Suizide von Suizident:innen mit erhöhter Vulnerabilität. Keine Unterschiede wurden in den allgemeinen Risikomerkmalen für Suizide im Gefängnis festgestellt. Es ergeben sich Hinweise auf eine suizidpräventive Wirkung der Kontakt- und Behandlungsangebote. Daraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, intensivere Präventionsangebote für Gefangene mit erhöhter Vulnerabilität bzw. geringerer Resilienz anzubieten.
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) as used in state-of-the-art organic solar cells feature highly crystalline layers that go along with low energetic disorder.
Here, the crucial role of energetic disorder in blends of the donor polymer PM6 with two Y-series NFAs, Y6, and N4 is studied.
By performing temperature-dependent charge transport and recombination studies, a consistent picture of the shape of the density of state distributions for free charges in the two blends is developed, allowing an analytical description of the dependence of the open-circuit voltage V-OC on temperature and illumination intensity.
Disorder is found to influence the value of the V-OC at room temperature, but also its progression with temperature. Here, the PM6:Y6 blend benefits substantially from its narrower state distributions.
The analysis also shows that the energy of the equilibrated free charge population is well below the energy of the NFA singlet excitons for both blends and possibly below the energy of the populated charge transfer manifold, indicating a down-hill driving force for free charge formation.
It is concluded that energetic disorder of charge-separated states has to be considered in the analysis of the photovoltaic properties, even for the more ordered PM6:Y6 blend.
The dynamics of grassland ecosystems are highly complex due to multifaceted interactions among their soil, water, and vegetation components.
Precise simulations of grassland productivity therefore rely on accurately estimating a variety of parameters that characterize different processes of these systems.
This study applied three calibration schemes - a Single-Objective (SO-SUFI2), a Multi-Objective Pareto (MO-Pareto), and, a novel Uncertainty-Based Multi-Objective (MO-SUFI2) - to estimate the parameters of MONICA (Model for Nitrogen and Carbon Simulation) agro-ecosystem model in grassland ecosystems across Germany.
The MO-Pareto model is based on a traditional Pareto optimality concept, while the MO-SUFI2 optimizes multiple target variables considering their level of prediction uncertainty.
We used measurements of leaf area index, aboveground biomass, and soil moisture from experimental data at five sites with different intensities of cutting regimes (from two to five cutting events per season) to evaluate model performance.
Both MO-Pareto and MO-SUFI2 outperformed SO-SUFI2 during calibration and validation.
The comparison of the two MO approaches shows that they do not necessarily conflict with each other, but MO-SUFI2 provides complementary information for better estimations of model parameter uncertainty.
We used the obtained parameter ranges to simulate grassland productivity across Germany under different cutting regimes and quantified the uncertainty associated with estimated productivity across regions.
The results showed higher uncertainty in intensively managed grasslands compared to extensively managed grasslands, partially due to a lack of high-resolution input information concerning cutting dates. Furthermore, the additional information on the quantified uncertainty provided by our proposed MO-SUFI2 method adds deeper insights on confidence levels of estimated productivity.
Benefiting from additional management data collected at high resolution and ground measurements on the composition of grassland species mixtures appear to be promising solutions to reduce uncertainty and increase model reliability.
How do the rights of same-sex couples have to be ensured by states, and which kind of environmental obligations are induced by the right to life and to personal integrity? Questions as diverse and far-reaching as these are regularly dealt with by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in its advisory function. This book is the first comprehensive, non-Spanish-written treatise on the advisory function of this Court. It analyzes the scope of the Court's advisory jurisdiction and its procedural practice in comparison with that of other international courts. Moreover, the legal effects of the Court’s advisory opinions and the question when the Court should better reject a request for an advisory opinion are examined.
Objective:
The open expression of hatred, hostility, and violence against minorities has become a common online phenomenon. Adolescents are at particular risk of being involved in different hate speech roles (e.g., witness, perpetrator).
However, the correlates of their involvement as perpetrators and the mechanisms that might explain their involvement in hate speech across different roles have not yet been thoroughly investigated.
To this end, this study investigates moral disengagement and empathy as correlates of online hate speech perpetration and the moderation effects of empathy and moral disengagement in the relationship between witnessing and perpetrating online hate speech.
Method:
The sample consists of 3,560 7th to 9th graders from 40 schools in Germany and Switzerland. Self-report questionnaires were utilized to assess online hate speech involvement, moral disengagement, and empathy.
Results:
Multilevel regression analyses revealed that moral disengagement and witnessing online hate speech were positively associated with online hate speech perpetration, while empathy was negatively associated with it.
The findings also showed that the positive relationship between witnessing and perpetrating online hate speech was stronger at higher levels of moral disengagement and weaker when moral disengagement was low.
The association between witnessing and perpetrating online hate speech was weaker when adolescents had higher rather than lower levels of empathy.
Conclusions:
The findings underscore the need for prevention efforts to accelerate moral engagement and empathy as critical future directions in hate speech prevention. This study also contributes to our understanding of underlying mechanisms that explain adolescents' involvement across different roles in hate speech.
Adolescents around the globe are increasingly exposed to online hate speech (OHS). And yet little is known about the varying roles of involvement and the determinants of adolescents' hate speech perpetration.
Building on previous research, this study aims to test the cycle of violence hypothesis for OHS and to analyze whether moral disengagement (MD) and empathy moderate the victim-to-perpetrator relationship.
The sample consists of 3,560 seventh to ninth graders (52.1 percent girls), recruited from 40 schools across Germany and Switzerland. Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess OHS involvement, MD, and empathy.
Multilevel analyses revealed that victims of OHS were more likely to report OHS perpetration.
In addition, victims of OHS were more likely to report OHS perpetration when they reported higher levels of MD than those with lower levels of MD.
Finally, victims of OHS were less likely to report OHS perpetration when they reported higher levels of empathy than those with lower levels of empathy.
The findings extend the cycle of violence hypothesis to OHS and highlight the need to address MD and empathy in hate speech prevention. Implications for future research will be discussed.
Eine indifferente Gemengelage unterschiedlicher Erwartungen ist im Coaching nicht selten. Jeder will etwas anderes - was genau, weiß man häufig nicht. Oftmals ist man sich noch nicht einmal sicher, was man selbst will. Das führt zu Stress und Blockaden. Und die Optionen und Handlungsmöglichkeiten geraten aus dem Blick. Diese Situation ist auch vielen Führungskräften wohlbekannt.
Wie gut ist gut?
(2022)
Fortes fortuna adiuvat*
(2022)
Der Sinn des Lebens
(2023)
Job satisfaction is a major driver of an individual’s subjective well-being and thus affects public health, societal prosperity, and organisations, as dissatisfied employees are less productive and more likely to change jobs. However, changing jobs does not necessarily lead to higher job satisfaction in the long run. Previous studies have shown, instead, that changing jobs only increases job satisfaction for a short period of time before it gradually falls back to similar levels as before. This phenomenon is known as the ’honeymoon–hangover’ pattern. In our study, we identify an important new moderator of the relation between job change and job satisfaction: the job–education match of job changes. Based on relative deprivation theory, we argue that job changes from being overeducated in a job lowers the likelihood of negative comparisons and thus increases the honeymoon period, lessens the hangover period, and increases long-term job satisfaction. We use data from the Socio-Economic Panel ranging from 1994–2018 and focus specifically on individual periods of employees before and after job changes (n = 134,404). Our results confirm that a change to a job that requires a matched education has a stronger and longer-lasting effect on job satisfaction, and that this effect is slightly lower for respondents born abroad.
Perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics (PVs) promise to accelerate the decarbonization of our energy systems. Here, we present a thorough subcell diagnosis methodology to reveal deep insights into the practical efficiency limitations of state-of-the-art perovskite/silicon tandem PVs. Our subcell selective intensity-dependent photoluminescence (PL) and injection-dependent electroluminescence (EL) measurements allow independent assessment of pseudo-V-OC and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for both subcells. We reveal identical metrics from PL and EL, which implies well-aligned energy levels throughout the entire cell. Relatively large ideality factors and insufficient charge extraction, however, cause each a fill factor penalty of about 6% (absolute). Using partial device stacks, we then identify significant losses in standard perovskite subcells due to bulk and interfacial recombination. Lastly, we present strategies to minimize these losses using triple halide (CsFAPb(IBrCI)(3)) based perovskites. Our results give helpful feedback for device development and lay the foundation toward advanced perovskite/silicon tandem PVs capable of exceeding 33% PCE.
The article analyzes the investigations conducted by the Berlin police into the subsequent perpetrator of the vehicle-ramming attack at a Berlin Christmas market on December 19, 2016. We explore why the police closed these investigations prematurely and thereby focus on an attempt to prevent lone actor terrorism. The analysis shows that the police closed its investigations owing to organizational dynamics driven by an increasing need to justify further resource investments in the face of absent conclusive evidence and scarce resources in relation to the organizational case ecology. We propose hypotheses for future research and formulate three contributions to existing research on the sociology of police, terrorism prevention, and lone actor research.
Kontexturanalyse
(2022)
In den letzten 20 Jahren hat sich in der qualitativen und rekonstruktiven Sozialforschung vermehrt die Frage gestellt, wie sich polyphone, polykontexturale und in ihren Sinnbezügen mehrdeutige Verhältnisse erforschen lassen. In diesem Buch wird ein Zugang vorgestellt, der von Mehrdeutigkeiten ausgehend Systemdynamiken rekonstruiert. Die theoretischen und methodischen Überlegungen werden anhand von Beispielen aus der Organisations- und Managementforschung sowie der Erforschung der Selbst- und Weltverhältnisse religiöser Akteure vorgeführt.
Religionen sind wichtige Akteurinnen der Zivilgesellschaft. Die Frage, wie sie miteinander umgehen, ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Zukunft pluraler, offener Gesellschaften. Für dieses Buch haben sich vier Akteure der interreligiösen Verständigung erstmals zusammengetan: Die national und international agierenden Organisationen Religions for Peace und Stiftung Weltethos, der Bundeskongress der Räte der Religionen als Verbund kommunaler interreligiöser Initiativen sowie die Forschungsschnittstelle Forum Religionen im Kontext an der Universität Potsdam. Das Buch enthält Steckbriefe von siebzig interreligiösen Organisationen und Initiativen. Ergänzt wird es durch Reflexionen über die Geschichte und die Zukunft des interreligiösen Dialogs in Deutschland sowie über die Rolle von Religion in der Zivilgesellschaft.
Der Artikel analysiert staatliche Krisenprävention am Fall der polizeilichen Ermittlungen vor dem Anschlag auf den Breitscheidplatz. Die Leitfrage lautet, warum die Polizei ihre Ermittlungen vorzeitig einstellte, obwohl sie Hinweise hatte, dass der spätere Täter beabsichtigte, einen Anschlag zu begehen. Wir zeigen, dass dies auf eine organisationale Dynamik zurückging, die typisch für staatliche Krisenprävention im Bereich Terrorismus scheint.
Ground-motion models (GMMs) are often used to predict the random distribution of Spectral accelerations (SAs) at a site due to a nearby earthquake. In probabilistic seismic hazard and risk assessment, large earthquakes occurring close to a site are considered as critical scenarios. GMMs are expected to predict realistic SAs with low within-model uncertainty (sigma(mu)) for such rare scenarios. However, the datasets used to regress GMMs are usually deficient of data from critical scenarios. The (Kotha et al., A Regionally Adaptable Ground-Motion Model for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes in Europe Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18:4091-4125, 2020) GMM developed from the Engineering strong motion (ESM) dataset was found to predict decreasing short-period SAs with increasing M-W >= M-h = 6.2, and with large sigma(mu) at near-source distances <= 30km. In this study, we updated the parametrisation of the GMM based on analyses of ESM and the Near source strong motion (NESS) datasets. With M-h = 5.7, we could rectify the M-W scaling issue, while also reducing sigma(mu). at M-W >= M-h. We then evaluated the GMM against NESS data, and found that the SAs from a few large, thrust-faulting events in California, New Zealand, Japan, and Mexico are significantly higher than GMM median predictions. However, recordings from these events were mostly made on soft-soil geology, and contain anisotropic pulse-like effects. A more thorough non-ergodic treatment of NESS was not possible because most sites sampled unique events in very diverse tectonic environments. We provide an updated set of GMM coefficients,sigma(mu), and heteroscedastic variance models; while also cautioning against its application for M-W <= 4 in low-moderate seismicity regions without evaluating the homogeneity of M-W estimates between pan-European ESM and regional datasets.
Rationalistische Zerrbilder
(2020)
Eine zentrale Problematik in der Analyse von Katastrophen liegt darin, dass sich katastrophale Ereignisse nur schwer in ihrem Entstehen beobachten lassen, da sie kaum prognostizierbar sind und sich aus diesem Grund oft einer direkten Beobachtung entziehen. Dies trifft erkennbar auf technische Unfälle zu, aber natürlich auch auf katastrophale Ereignisse abseits technischer Systeme – und dies obgleich der überwiegenden Mehrheit solcher Ereignisse eine relativ lange Inkubationszeit vorausgeht (Turner 1976, 1978; Vaughan 1996). Aber auch ungeachtet dieser Problematik ließe sich zurecht fragen, wie gut sich Finanzkrisen, Flugzeugabstürze oder das Versagen polizeilicher Ermittlungen der Position einer singulären Beobachterin oder eines singulären Beobachters erschließen.
Recent advances in organic solar cell performance have been mainly driven forward by combining high-performance p-type donor-acceptor copolymers (e.g.PM6) and non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (e.g.Y6) as bulk-heterojunction layers. A general observation in such devices is that the device performance, e.g., the open-circuit voltage, is strongly dependent on the processing solvent. While the morphology is a typically named key parameter, the energetics of donor-acceptor blends are equally important, but less straightforward to access in the active multicomponent layer. Here, we propose to use spectral onsets during electrochemical cycling in a systematic spectroelectrochemical study of blend films to access the redox behavior and the frontier orbital energy levels of the individual compounds. Our study reveals that the highest occupied molecular orbital offset (Delta E-HOMO) in PM6:Y6 blends is similar to 0.3 eV, which is comparable to the binding energy of Y6 excitons and therefore implies a nearly zero driving force for the dissociation of Y6 excitons. Switching the PM6 orientation in the blend films from face-on to edge-on in bulk has only a minor influence on the positions of the energy levels, but shows significant differences in the open circuit voltage of the device. We explain this phenomenon by the different interfacial molecular orientations, which are known to affect the non-radiative decay rate of the charge-transfer state. We compare our results to ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy data, which shows distinct differences in the HOMO offsets in the PM6:Y6 blend compared to neat films. This highlights the necessity to measure the energy levels of the individual compounds in device-relevant blend films.
Der Artikel analysiert aus organisationssoziologischer Perspektive wie die Bundeswehr Gleichstellungsrecht umsetzt. Das zentrale Argument lautet, dass die Bundeswehr das Gleichstellungsrecht managerialisiert, indem sie institutionalisierte Praktiken adaptiert, die es erlauben, das Gleichstellungsrecht für den Zweck der Personalgewinnung auszudeuten. Die Adaption dieser Praktiken wird maßgeblich dadurch begünstigt, dass sich das Gleichstellungsrecht als Lösung mit dem Problem der zukünftigen Personalgewinnung verknüpfen lässt, nachdem die Bundesregierung die Wehrpflicht aussetzte und beschloss, die Bundeswehr wieder zu vergrößern. Der beschriebene Prozess führt auch dazu, dass die Bundeswehr in der Umsetzung des Gleichstellungsrechtes zunehmend großen Unternehmen ähnlicher wird. Insgesamt leistet die vorliegende Studie einen Beitrag zur Analyse der Beziehung staatlicher Organisationen zu ihrer rechtlichen Umwelt.
Instrumental data show that the groundwater and lake levels in Northeast Germany have decreased over the past decades, and this process has accelerated over the past few years. In addition to global warming, the direct influence of humans on the local water balance is suspected to be the cause. Since the instrumental data usually go back only a few decades, little is known about the multidecadal to centennial-scale trend, which also takes long-term climate variation and the long-term influence by humans on the water balance into account. This study aims to quantitatively reconstruct the surface water areas in the Lower Havel Inner Delta and of adjacent Lake Gulpe in Brandenburg. The analysis includes the calculation of surface water areas from historical and modern maps from 1797 to 2020. The major finding is that surface water areas have decreased by approximately 30% since the pre-industrial period, with the decline being continuous. Our data show that the comprehensive measures in Lower Havel hydro-engineering correspond with groundwater lowering that started before recent global warming. Further, large-scale melioration measures with increasing water demands in the upstream wetlands beginning from the 1960s to the 1980s may have amplified the decline in downstream surface water areas.
Economic crises as critical junctures for policy and structural changes towards decarbonization
(2024)
Crises may act as tipping points for decarbonization pathways by triggering structural economic change or offering windows of opportunity for policy change. We investigate both types of effects of the global financial and COVID-19 crises on decarbonization in Spain and Germany through a quantitative Kaya-decomposition analysis of CO2 emissions and through a qualitative review of climate and energy policy changes. We show that the global financial crisis resulted in a critical juncture for Spanish CO2 emissions due to the combined effects of the deep economic recession and crisis-induced structural change, resulting in reductions in carbon and energy intensities and shifts in the economic structure. However, the crisis also resulted in a rollback of renewable energy policy, halting progress in the transition to green electricity. The impacts were less pronounced in Germany, where pre-existing decarbonization and policy trends continued after the crisis. Recovery packages had modest effects, primarily due to their temporary nature and the limited share of climate-related spending. The direct short-term impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on CO2 emissions were more substantial in Spain than in Germany. The policy responses in both countries sought to align short-term economic recovery with the long-term climate change goals of decarbonization, but it is too soon to observe their lasting effects. Our findings show that crises can affect structural change and support decarbonization but suggest that such effects depend on pre-existing trends, the severity of the crisis and political manoeuvring during the crisis.
Insights into the geographical origin and phylogeographical patterns of Paradisaea birds-of-paradise
(2022)
Birds-of-paradise represent a textbook example for geographical speciation and sexual selection. Perhaps the most iconic genus is Paradisaea, which is restricted to New Guinea and a few surrounding islands. Although several species concepts have been applied in the past to disentangle the different entities within this genus, no attempt has been made so far to uncover phylogeographical patterns based on a genetic dataset that includes multiple individuals per species. Here, we applied amplicon sequencing for the mitochondrial fragment Cytb for a total of 69 museum specimens representing all seven Paradisaea species described and inferred both phylogenetic relationships and colonization pathways across the island. Our analyses show that the most recent common ancestor of the diverging lineages within Paradisaea probably originated in the Late Miocene in the eastern part of the Central Range and suggest that tectonic processes played a key role in shaping the diversification and distribution of species. All species were recovered as monophyletic, except for those within the apoda-minor-raggiana clade, which comprises the allopatric and parapatric species P. apoda, P. minor and P. raggiana. The comparatively young divergence times, together with possible instances of mitochondrial introgression and incomplete lineage sorting, suggest recent speciation in this clade.