Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (1504) (remove)
Year of publication
- 2015 (1504) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1098)
- Doctoral Thesis (180)
- Part of a Book (53)
- Review (51)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (41)
- Preprint (28)
- Conference Proceeding (23)
- Other (17)
- Habilitation Thesis (5)
- Part of Periodical (4)
Keywords
- stars: early-type (9)
- climate change (8)
- Magellanic Clouds (7)
- anomalous diffusion (7)
- eye movements (7)
- fMRI (7)
- interference (7)
- stars: massive (7)
- Holocene (6)
- ancient DNA (6)
- eye-tracking (6)
- reading (6)
- stars: atmospheres (6)
- stars: mass-loss (6)
- stars: winds, outflows (6)
- Cardiac rehabilitation (5)
- Chinese (5)
- Climate change (5)
- Eye movements (5)
- German (5)
- ISM: supernova remnants (5)
- SNARC (5)
- X-rays: binaries (5)
- X-rays: stars (5)
- acceleration of particles (5)
- binaries: close (5)
- biomaterials (5)
- polymers (5)
- binaries: eclipsing (4)
- biodiversity (4)
- click chemistry (4)
- cosmic rays (4)
- cue-based retrieval (4)
- diffusion (4)
- embodied cognition (4)
- galaxies: active (4)
- gender (4)
- insula (4)
- interoceptive awareness (4)
- major depressive disorder (4)
- neuroimaging (4)
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal (4)
- stars: magnetic field (4)
- stars: variables: general (4)
- stochastic processes (4)
- Arabidopsis (3)
- Arenes (3)
- Cross-coupling (3)
- Development (3)
- Endothelin (3)
- Germany (3)
- ISM: clouds (3)
- India-Asia collision (3)
- Mental number line (3)
- Molybdenum cofactor (3)
- Ostracoda (3)
- Palladium (3)
- Seismicity and tectonics (3)
- Spanish (3)
- ageing (3)
- aggression (3)
- astroparticle physics (3)
- gamma rays: general (3)
- gamma rays: stars (3)
- higher education (3)
- inflammation (3)
- longitudinal study (3)
- mental number line (3)
- numerical cognition (3)
- peptides (3)
- self-assembly (3)
- sentence comprehension (3)
- stars: Wolf-Rayet (3)
- stars: evolution (3)
- stars: fundamental parameters (3)
- synchronization (3)
- ACT-R (2)
- ADHD (2)
- AIP1 (2)
- Actin (2)
- Adolescence (2)
- Adolescents (2)
- Anisotropy effect (2)
- Answer set programming (2)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (2)
- Azobenzene containing cationic surfactants (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421 (2)
- BPMN (2)
- Baltic Sea (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biomaterials (2)
- Brassica napus (2)
- Carbohydrates (2)
- Children (2)
- China (2)
- Chinese reflexives (2)
- Cobalt (2)
- Community assembly (2)
- Competition (2)
- Cytotoxicity (2)
- DLT (2)
- DNA methylation (2)
- Dark matter (2)
- Depressive symptoms (2)
- Dynamics: seismotectonics (2)
- EPR spectroscopy (2)
- Earthquake source observations (2)
- East Africa (2)
- Element mobility (2)
- Ellipticity of corner-degenerate operators (2)
- English (2)
- Epigenetic (2)
- European Union (2)
- Evaluation (2)
- Exercise (2)
- FRET (2)
- Fish (2)
- Fluid-rock interaction (2)
- Fluorescence imaging (2)
- Fredholm property (2)
- German classic (2)
- German misery (2)
- Graph theory (2)
- Ground-motion prediction equation (2)
- H-1 NMR (2)
- HPLC (2)
- Heiner Müller (2)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (2)
- Human evolution (2)
- Hydrology (2)
- Hydrothermal carbonization (2)
- ISM: structure (2)
- Indian summer monsoon (2)
- Individual-based model (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Inversion (2)
- Ionosphere (2)
- Jaspers (2)
- JavaScript (2)
- L-Cysteine desulfurase (2)
- Land-use intensity (2)
- Linguistik (2)
- Lonar Lake (2)
- Ludwig Leichhardt (2)
- Lukacs (2)
- Marine terraces (2)
- Marxism (2)
- Migration (2)
- Obesity (2)
- Operational momentum (2)
- Overweight (2)
- Pacific Ocean (2)
- Paleoclimate (2)
- Pamir (2)
- Patterning (2)
- Photosensitive polymer brushes (2)
- Planar polarity (2)
- Pleistocene (2)
- Poland (2)
- Precipitation (2)
- Principal component analysis (2)
- Proxy (2)
- Pump-probe (2)
- RIXS (2)
- Reading (2)
- Reading development (2)
- Ring current effect (2)
- Siberia (2)
- Solanaceae (2)
- Sphingosine kinase (2)
- Start-up subsidies (2)
- Stress (2)
- Sun: activity (2)
- Swedish (2)
- Tarim Basin (2)
- Theoretical calculations (2)
- Tibetan Plateau (2)
- Toeplitz operators (2)
- Tso Moriri Lake (2)
- Ventral striatum (2)
- Water quality (2)
- Wetlands (2)
- Wirtschaft (2)
- Zooplankton (2)
- abiotic stress (2)
- activation (2)
- adolescence (2)
- alexithymia (2)
- anaphors (2)
- antilocality (2)
- attention (2)
- autocracy (2)
- block copolymers (2)
- center embedding (2)
- charge transfer (2)
- child language (2)
- circadian clock (2)
- collective guilt (2)
- competition (2)
- computational modeling (2)
- conservation (2)
- content-addressable memory (2)
- contracts (2)
- critical avalanche dynamics (2)
- democracy (2)
- dendrimers (2)
- density functional calculations (2)
- development (2)
- discourse (2)
- diversification (2)
- domestication (2)
- ecohydrology (2)
- ecosystem functioning (2)
- eicosapentaenoic acid (2)
- electroactive polymer (2)
- electron transfer (2)
- entrepreneurship (2)
- enzyme catalysis (2)
- erosion (2)
- evidentiality (2)
- exercise (2)
- expectation (2)
- experiments (2)
- exploration (2)
- eye-voice span (2)
- fluorescence (2)
- galaxies: jets (2)
- gamma rays: ISM (2)
- gamma rays: galaxies (2)
- gamma-rays: galaxies (2)
- gamma-rays: general (2)
- genomics (2)
- geomorphometry (2)
- grammatical illusion (2)
- ground reaction force (2)
- heart (2)
- history of German (2)
- humanism (2)
- hydrogen bonds (2)
- hypertension (2)
- individual differences (2)
- interoception (2)
- intervention locality (2)
- island biogeography (2)
- justice sensitivity (2)
- land use (2)
- landscape evolution (2)
- landslide (2)
- locality (2)
- magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (2)
- memory and delay (2)
- memory retrieval (2)
- missing-VP effect (2)
- model (2)
- modeling (2)
- molecular rods (2)
- morphological processing (2)
- multiplicative noise (2)
- neuronal networks (2)
- pH (2)
- palaeogenomics (2)
- pesticides (2)
- political philosophy (2)
- pollen (2)
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (2)
- possessives (2)
- prevention (2)
- pronoun resolution (2)
- pronouns (2)
- prosody (2)
- psychologinguistics (2)
- quantification (2)
- quantum friction (2)
- rampage (2)
- rationalism (2)
- reflexives (2)
- relative clauses (2)
- remagnetization (2)
- remission (2)
- risk factor (2)
- sACC (2)
- salamanders (2)
- scrambling (2)
- sea-level rise (2)
- seasonality (2)
- sentence parsing (2)
- sexual aggression (2)
- signal transduction (2)
- sonography (2)
- spatial cognition (2)
- stars: individual ([HD 36486]delta Ori A) (2)
- stochastic models (2)
- supramolecular chemistry (2)
- techniques: photometric (2)
- temperature (2)
- type 2 diabetes (2)
- uplift (2)
- validation (2)
- variability (2)
- visual world paradigm (2)
- visual-world paradigm (2)
- working memory capacity (2)
- working memory updating (2)
- working-memory (2)
- ziji (2)
- 1,2-Dithiosquarate,1,2-Dithiosquaratonickelate (1)
- 1,3-Oxasilinanes (1)
- 1-Phenylethanol (1)
- 1-to-1 Correspondence (1)
- 2,2-Disubstituted adamantane derivatives (1)
- 2-Hydroxyethylammonium 1-R-indol-3-ylsulfanylacetates (1)
- 2-Phenylethanol (1)
- 2-Substituted adamantane derivatives (1)
- 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene (1)
- 3-Silatetrahydropyrans (1)
- 31A25 (1)
- 3D CAVE (1)
- 3D geomechanical numerical model (1)
- 3D imaging (1)
- 3D information visualization (1)
- 3D map (1)
- 3D semiotic model (1)
- 454 pyrosequencing (1)
- 454-pyrosequencing (1)
- 65F18 (1)
- ACSL (1)
- ADPKD (1)
- AERONET (1)
- AFM (1)
- AMS (1)
- AOAC (1)
- AODV (1)
- APOM protein (1)
- ARL3 (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- AUX1 (1)
- Abandonment (1)
- Abrus precatorius (1)
- Absolute age dating (1)
- Acadian (1)
- Acceleration of particles (1)
- Accretion, underplating and exhumation processes (1)
- Acer (1)
- Acer platanoides (1)
- Acer pseudoplatanus (1)
- Achilles tendon (1)
- Acid sphingomyelinase (1)
- Acquired dysgraphia (1)
- Acquisition (1)
- Active flow control (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Ad hoc routing (1)
- Adaptation options (1)
- Adaption (1)
- Adaptive Force (1)
- Adaptive evolution (1)
- Adenylyl cyclase (1)
- Adult height (1)
- Adverbs (1)
- Aerosols (1)
- African humid period (1)
- Age of acquisition (1)
- Agency (1)
- Agent-oriented adverbs (1)
- Aggregation (1)
- Aging (1)
- Agreement attraction (1)
- Agricultural field (1)
- Airborne lidar (1)
- Akt signaling (1)
- Alborz range (1)
- Alcohol dependence (1)
- Alkaline phosphatase (1)
- Allometry (1)
- Allylic compounds (1)
- Alpine metamorphism (1)
- Alps (1)
- Altorientalische Monarchie (1)
- Alzheimer dementia (1)
- Ambient noise tomography (1)
- Amides (1)
- Amphibia (1)
- Amphibian (1)
- Amplitude and waveform analysis of PcP (1)
- Amygdala (1)
- Anaerobic digestion (1)
- Ancient DNA (1)
- Andrena (1)
- Anger regulation (1)
- Anions (1)
- Anisotropy (1)
- Annual 30-day minimum flow (1)
- Annulation (1)
- Anoxia (1)
- Antarctic Circumpolar Current (1)
- Anti-Causatives (1)
- Anti-doping (1)
- Antiplasmodial activity (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Apathy (1)
- Apennine Carbonate Platform (1)
- Aphasia (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Aptamer (1)
- Ar-40/Ar-39 spot ages (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana embryogenesis (1)
- Arc accretion (1)
- Archaic humans (1)
- Archeology (1)
- Argument-Structure-Ordering Principle (1)
- Aridity (1)
- Arrival dates (1)
- Arsenolipids (1)
- Arterial hypertension (1)
- Artificial language paradigm (1)
- Artificial selection (1)
- Artificial water catchment (1)
- Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (1)
- Ashmura (1)
- Asia (1)
- Asian Americans (1)
- Assembly pattern (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Assignment of stereochemistry (1)
- Asymptotics of solutions (1)
- Athlete (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attention deficit (1)
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1)
- Attitude (1)
- Attitudes towards inclusion (1)
- Aufsatzsammlung (1)
- Authigenic carbonates (1)
- Auxin transport (1)
- Avalonia (1)
- Averaging principle (1)
- Azadironolide (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) calculations (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (PG 1553+113) (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: AP Librae (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 501 (1)
- BMP4 (1)
- Backbone model (1)
- Backdoors (1)
- Background (1)
- Bacterial growth efficiency (1)
- Balance (1)
- Barcoding (1)
- Barite concretion (1)
- Barrier to ring inversion (1)
- Basal body (1)
- Batch experiments (1)
- Bayesian (1)
- Bayesian logistic regression (1)
- Beer mashing (1)
- Behavioral querying (1)
- Beltrami equation (1)
- Bentonite clay (1)
- Benzenoid structure (1)
- Berlin (1)
- Beta-amylase (1)
- Beverages (1)
- Bezugsgruppen (1)
- Bgl2p (1)
- Biaryls (1)
- Bilinear models (1)
- Bilirubin oxidase (1)
- Binge eating (1)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Biodiversity indicators (1)
- Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (1)
- Biofuel cell (1)
- Biofuels (1)
- Biogenic silica (1)
- Biogeography (1)
- Biological indicator (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biomass water (1)
- Biome shifts (1)
- Biomedicine (1)
- Biomineralization (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- Biostratigraphy (1)
- Birth-and-death process (1)
- Bis-MGD (1)
- Biscutella didyma (1)
- Bivariate flood quantile (1)
- Black shales (1)
- Blood (1)
- Blood platelets (1)
- Blood sugar (1)
- Body composition (1)
- Body image (1)
- Body size perception (1)
- Body stimuli (1)
- Body waves (1)
- Bone repair material (1)
- Bonn und die islamische Revolution (1)
- Boolean logic models (1)
- Bootstrapping (1)
- Borchardt-Kontroverse (1)
- Borrowing constraints (1)
- Bose-Einstein condensate (1)
- Botanic gardens (1)
- Botulinum toxin (1)
- Boys (1)
- Brassicaceae (1)
- Breakthrough curve (1)
- Brecht (1)
- Breeding success (1)
- Brewster angle microscopy (1)
- Brilliant blue (1)
- Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape (1)
- Bulimia nervosa (1)
- Bush encroachment (1)
- Business cycle (1)
- Business process management (1)
- Business processes (1)
- C-13 NMR (1)
- C-C coupling (1)
- C:P ratio (1)
- CAPS (1)
- CDK5RAP2 (1)
- CNR1 (1)
- CO desorption (1)
- COI (1)
- Caco-2 intestinal barrier model (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Caecilians (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Calcium phosphates (1)
- Caledonian (1)
- Cambodia (1)
- Camellia sinensis (1)
- Cameroon (1)
- Campylomormyrus (1)
- Candida (1)
- Candidates (1)
- Canid morphotype (1)
- Carbene ligands (1)
- Carbohydrate mimics (1)
- Carbon colloid (1)
- Carbon decomposition (1)
- Carbon isotope stratigraphy (1)
- Carbonates (1)
- Carboniferous (1)
- Cardiac rehabilitation Chronic heart failure (1)
- Cardinality (1)
- Cardiovascular (1)
- Cardiovascular risk factor (1)
- Cardiovascular risk factors (1)
- Career satisfaction (1)
- Career self-efficacy (1)
- Carotenoid (1)
- Case-control study (1)
- Catalytic reaction (1)
- Catalytically active MIPs (1)
- Catchment (1)
- Catchment classification (1)
- Catechins (1)
- Category verification (1)
- Cationic surfactants (1)
- Cations (1)
- Cauchy data spaces (1)
- Cauchy problem (1)
- Causative Alternation (1)
- Cave (1)
- Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (1)
- CdS quantum dots (1)
- Cell counts (1)
- Cellulose (1)
- Cenozoic (1)
- Central American literature (1)
- Central India (1)
- Central nervous system (1)
- Centriole (1)
- Centrosome (1)
- Ceramide (1)
- Cerrado (1)
- Chaiten volcano (1)
- Channel island (1)
- Chaperone (1)
- Cheirogaleidae (1)
- Chemotaxis (1)
- Cherenkov radiation (1)
- Chew Bahir (1)
- Child language (1)
- Childhood (1)
- Childhood adversity (1)
- Childhood obesity (1)
- Chile convergent margin (1)
- Chile subduction zone (1)
- Chinese reading (1)
- Chiral dopants (1)
- Chiroptera (1)
- Chloroplast (1)
- Chromosphere, active (1)
- Chronic heart failure (CHF) (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (1)
- Chronic pain (1)
- Civil engineering (1)
- Classical MD (1)
- Clearing formation (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate adaptation (1)
- Climatic variations (1)
- Clinical (1)
- Clinical reasoning (1)
- Clogging (1)
- Cloud Computing (1)
- Cluster Computing (1)
- Clutch size (1)
- CoExist (1)
- Coagulation (1)
- Coarse woody debris (1)
- Coastal Cordillera (Chile) (1)
- Coastal sedimentation (1)
- Coastal uplift (1)
- Coesite-bearing eclogite (1)
- Coexistence (1)
- Coexistence mechanisms (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (1)
- Cognitive control (1)
- Cognitive interference (1)
- Cold air surges (1)
- Colitis (1)
- Collaboration for innovation (1)
- Colon cancer (1)
- Combinatorial multi-objective optimization (1)
- Combined modality therapy (1)
- Communion (1)
- Community composition (1)
- Community dynamics (1)
- Community effect in height (1)
- Community-based Modelling (1)
- Competences (1)
- Competencies (1)
- Complex heterogeneous systems (1)
- Complexity (1)
- Composite hydrogels (1)
- Composite outcome measure (1)
- Composition of the mantle (1)
- Compositional data analysis (1)
- Compound Poisson processes (1)
- Compound-specific isotope (1)
- Compound-specific stable isotopic (1)
- Computational complexity (1)
- Computational grid (1)
- Computer-assisted self-regulation training (1)
- Computer-based assessment (1)
- Concentration-discharge relationships (1)
- Concept of differentiated land use (1)
- Conduct problems (1)
- Cone (1)
- Confidence intervals (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Conformational analysis (1)
- Conformational equilibrium (1)
- Connective tissue growth factor (1)
- Connectivity (1)
- Continental margins: convergent (1)
- Continental neotectonics (1)
- Continental tectonics: compressional (1)
- Continuous cultures (1)
- Continuous performance task (1)
- Contrast (1)
- Control rates (1)
- Convective storms (1)
- Convergence (1)
- Coordination game (1)
- Coordination polymers (1)
- Copulas (1)
- Coral reef terraces (1)
- Core (1)
- Core stability (1)
- Core-mantle boundary (1)
- Corestone (1)
- Corner pseudo-differential operators (1)
- Corona (1)
- Coronal mass ejection (CME) (1)
- Corporate foresight (1)
- Correlation (1)
- Cosmic rays (1)
- Cosmic-ray (1)
- Cosmogenic-nuclide geochronology (1)
- Cosmology (1)
- Cospeciation (1)
- Costs (1)
- Coulomb failure stress (1)
- Countermovement jump (1)
- Counting process (1)
- Crack deflection (1)
- Creaminess (1)
- Creative economy (1)
- Creative industries (1)
- Creep (1)
- Critical zone (1)
- Critics (1)
- Crossover fatigue (1)
- Crustal melting (1)
- Crustal structure (1)
- Crystal and molecular structure (1)
- Crystal structures (1)
- Cycling (1)
- Cyp2b1 (1)
- Cyrus II (1)
- Cytochrome c (1)
- Czech (1)
- D-enrichment (1)
- D22 (1)
- DATM (1)
- DELWAQ (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA copolymers (1)
- DNA nanotechnology (1)
- DNA preservation (1)
- DNA volume and persistent length (1)
- DNA-surfactant complexes (1)
- DOPA (1)
- DRD4 (1)
- DUFLOW (1)
- Damage reduction (1)
- Data (1)
- Data exchange (1)
- Data integration (1)
- Data modeling (1)
- Database (1)
- Database Approach To Modelling (1)
- Deadweight effects (1)
- Deaf readers (1)
- Decision Probability (1)
- Decision speed (1)
- Deep biosphere (1)
- Delphi study (1)
- Delta-Kohn Sham method (1)
- Dementia (1)
- Democracy (1)
- Dengue (1)
- Density (1)
- Density functional theory (1)
- Depositional setting (1)
- Depression (1)
- Detailed balance (1)
- Deutsche Außenpolitik (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Development of eating behavior (1)
- Developmental Biology (1)
- Devonian transpression (1)
- Diabetic cardiomyopathy (1)
- Diabetic nephropathy (1)
- Diagenetic barium cycling (1)
- Diagnostic (1)
- Diagnostic accuracy (1)
- Diagnostics (1)
- Diatoms (1)
- Dictyostelium (1)
- Dielectric elastomer (1)
- Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) (1)
- Difference-in-difference (1)
- Differential Equations (1)
- Diffuse pollution (1)
- Digital (1)
- Dimensional (1)
- Dinosterol (1)
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition (1)
- Direct electron transfer (1)
- Direct searches (1)
- Disaggregation (1)
- Disaster impact analysis (1)
- Disease (1)
- Diskontinuität (1)
- Disks (1)
- Dispersal limitation (1)
- Dissolution precipitation replacement (1)
- Divergent evolution (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Doehlert design (1)
- Dog (1)
- Dolomites (1)
- Domestication (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Doppler ultrasound (1)
- Drainage morphometry (1)
- Drama (1)
- Dramatik (1)
- Drug (1)
- Drug metabolism (1)
- Drug prescription (1)
- Duration prediction (1)
- Duricrusts (1)
- Dwarf galaxies (1)
- Dynamic capabilities (1)
- Dynamic energy budget theory (1)
- Dynamic pricing and advertising (1)
- Dyslexia (1)
- Dyslipidemia (1)
- Dysregulation (1)
- E-Mail Tracking (1)
- E-learning (1)
- EAP (1)
- ECHSE (1)
- EEG/ERP (1)
- EMG (1)
- EMI sensors (1)
- EPA (1)
- ERP (1)
- ERPs (1)
- ESI (1)
- ET-1 (1)
- ETA (1)
- ETB (1)
- EU (1)
- EU Council Presidency (1)
- Earliest Cambrian (1)
- Early psychosocial adversity (1)
- Earth rotation (1)
- Earthquake (1)
- Earthquakes (1)
- Eastern Europe (1)
- Eastern Mediterranean (1)
- Eating pathology (1)
- Ecohydrological modeling (1)
- Ecological interactions (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Edge and corner pseudo-differential operators (1)
- Edge symbols (1)
- Editorial policies (1)
- Educational game (1)
- Ego-depletion (1)
- Eigenvalue problem (1)
- Einführung (1)
- Einstein-Hilbert action (1)
- El Salvador (1)
- Elbow breadth (1)
- Electric organ discharge (1)
- Electric organ ontogeny (1)
- Electrocyte geometry (1)
- Electromagnetics (1)
- Electromyography (1)
- Electronic Journals Library (1)
- Electrophoretic deposition (1)
- Electrospinning (1)
- Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (EZB) (1)
- Elephas maximus sumatranus (1)
- Ellenberg indicator values (1)
- Ellipsometry (1)
- Embodied cognition (1)
- Embodiment (1)
- Emissions (1)
- Emotion (1)
- Emotion labelling (1)
- Emotion recognition (1)
- Emotional expressions (1)
- Emotional intelligence (1)
- Emotions (1)
- Empowering leadership (1)
- Enceladus (1)
- End-member modeling (1)
- Endocrine (1)
- Endocrine disruption (1)
- Endogenous growth (1)
- Endogenous retrovirus (1)
- Endoscopy (1)
- Endosulfan (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelial dysfunction (1)
- Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (1)
- Energy (1)
- Energy Community (1)
- Energy-transfer probe (1)
- Enrichment factor (1)
- Entertainment (1)
- Entrepreneurship (1)
- Environmental magnetism (1)
- Enzymatic fuel cell (1)
- Enzymatic milk coagulation (1)
- Enzyme catalysis (1)
- Epitope imprinting (1)
- Equus (1)
- Erinnerung (1)
- Erosion rate reconstructions (1)
- Eucera (1)
- Europa (1)
- Europarecht / Europäische Verfassung (1)
- Europe (1)
- European lobster (1)
- Europäische Union (1)
- Europäische Union Charta der Grundrechte (1)
- Europäische Union Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union (1)
- Europäische Verfassung (1)
- Evapotranspiration (1)
- Event normalization (1)
- Event processing (1)
- Event related potential (1)
- Event-related potential (1)
- Event-related potentials (1)
- Events (1)
- Evidence-based policy making (1)
- Ex situ conservation (1)
- Exceptional alternation (1)
- Exciplex (1)
- Expected satiation (1)
- Expected satiety (1)
- Expected thirst (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Experimentation (1)
- Export regime (1)
- Extended R-Value model (1)
- External stimuli (1)
- Externalizing disorders (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Extreme events (1)
- Extremum seeking (1)
- Eye-tracking (1)
- F12 methods (1)
- FAME (1)
- FKBP5 (1)
- Fabaceae (1)
- Face categorization (1)
- Facies (1)
- Fault slip (1)
- Fe-C composite (1)
- Fecundity (1)
- Feedback heuristics (1)
- Fehler machen (1)
- Felix-App (1)
- Felsic volcanism (1)
- Female labor-force participation (1)
- Female moratorium (1)
- Ferdinand de Saussure (1)
- Fertility (1)
- Feshbach resonance (1)
- Festuca brevipila (1)
- Fiber analysis (1)
- Fibrosis (1)
- Field aquifer (1)
- Finger counting (1)
- Finger-based numerical representations (1)
- Finite energy sections (1)
- Finite horizon (1)
- Fire (1)
- Firefly luciferase inhibition (1)
- First passage time (1)
- Flagellate grazing (1)
- Flare (1)
- Flares, dynamics (1)
- Flexible linker (1)
- Flood (1)
- Floral scent compound (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Fluid intelligence (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescent probes (1)
- Fluoroassay (1)
- Flussfotolyse (1)
- Focus (1)
- Fokker-Planck equations (1)
- Fokker-Planck-Smoluchowski equation (1)
- Foliated spaces (1)
- Food approach (1)
- Food avoidance (1)
- Food quality (1)
- Foragers (1)
- Foraminifera (1)
- Force (1)
- Force splitting (1)
- Foresight (1)
- Forest disturbance (1)
- Forest soils (1)
- Formate dehydrogenase (1)
- Formica pratensis (1)
- Fourier-transform infrared (1)
- Fractionation (1)
- Framework (1)
- Free-electron laser (1)
- Freeze-fracturing (1)
- Freshwater ecosystem (1)
- Frost-cracking (1)
- Functional aging (1)
- Functional averaging (1)
- Futures studies (1)
- Fuzzy logic (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptor (1)
- G-quadruplexes (1)
- G. Bingham Powell (1)
- GABA(B) receptor (1)
- GEO BON (1)
- GEOMAGIA50 (1)
- GIAO calculations (1)
- GRIND (1)
- Gadot Formation (1)
- Gait (1)
- Galactic Ring Survey (1)
- Galaxy: evolution (1)
- Galaxy: halo (1)
- Gamma rays: General (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gas-phase electron diffraction (1)
- Gastrointestinal tract (1)
- Gate-effects (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Gene-environment interaction (1)
- Generalisation (1)
- Generalized hybrid Monte Carlo (1)
- Genetic association (1)
- Genetic drift (1)
- Genetic model (1)
- Genetic programming (1)
- Genomic evolution (1)
- Genotypic differences (1)
- Geochemistry (1)
- Geodetic measurements (1)
- Geodynamo (1)
- Geomagnetic field (1)
- Geomagnetism (1)
- Geomorphic systems (1)
- Geosciences (1)
- German colonialism (1)
- German intonation (1)
- Germination (1)
- Geschichte (1)
- Girls (1)
- Givenness (1)
- Glacial landscape history (1)
- Global change (1)
- Global environmental change (1)
- Global supply chains (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Globally hyperbolic Lorentz manifold (1)
- Glomerular filtration rate (1)
- Glucocorticoid receptor (1)
- Glucose (1)
- Glycerophospholipids (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Goursat problem (1)
- Grain size (1)
- Granites (1)
- Granulites (1)
- Grass flush (1)
- Grassland (1)
- Grassland diversity (1)
- Grazing (1)
- Greek Historiography (1)
- Green Road (1)
- Grime strategy (1)
- Grip strength (1)
- Ground penetrating radar (1)
- Ground reaction force (1)
- Groundwater-stream water interactions (1)
- Growth (1)
- Grüner Weg (1)
- Gutenberg-Richter relationship (1)
- H II regions (1)
- HESS Galactic Plane Survey (1)
- HP-LT rocks (1)
- HP-granulite (1)
- HTC biochar (1)
- HTHP (1)
- Haplotype (1)
- Health (1)
- Health economics (1)
- Health promotion (1)
- Heart rate (1)
- Heating energy demand (1)
- Heavy metal ions (1)
- Hemispheric specialization (1)
- Hemispherical photography (1)
- Hepatotoxicity (1)
- Herodot (1)
- Herodotus (1)
- Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams (1)
- Heterocycles (1)
- Heterogeneous agents (1)
- Hierarchical linear modeling (1)
- High pressure - low temperature treatments (1)
- Hilbig (1)
- Himalaya (1)
- Himalayas (1)
- Hindi (1)
- History (1)
- Hochschule (1)
- Holocene Climate (1)
- Home telemonitoring (1)
- Horse (1)
- Host shift (1)
- Host-plant suitability (1)
- Hot/cool executive function (1)
- Hugo Grotius (1)
- Human (1)
- Human capital resource (1)
- Human differentiated neurons (1)
- Human donor blood (1)
- Human population genomics (1)
- Humic layer (1)
- Humus forms (1)
- Hungarian (1)
- Hunter-gatherers (1)
- Hybrid App (1)
- Hybrid materials (1)
- Hydraulic connectivity (1)
- Hydraulics (1)
- Hydrodynamics (1)
- Hydrogel (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hydrogen-bonding (1)
- Hydrophobic (1)
- Hyogo (1)
- Hyperbolic dynamical system (1)
- Hypercholesterolemia (1)
- Hypoglycemia (1)
- Hypoxia (1)
- IB (1)
- IB4 (1)
- ICSS (1)
- IHE attack (1)
- IMS (1)
- IODP (1)
- ISM: Supernova remnants (1)
- ISM: abundances (1)
- ISM: individual objects: HESS J1832-093 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: M 42 (1)
- ISM: individual objects: Puppis A (1)
- ISM: individual objects: SNR G22.7-0.2 (1)
- ISM: lines and bands (1)
- ISM: molecules (1)
- Ibero-Romance (1)
- Identities (1)
- Idiosyncratic risk (1)
- Image filtering (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Immigration by air (1)
- Immobilization (1)
- Immunoactive properties (1)
- Impulsivity (1)
- In-situ Laser Ablation Split Stream ICPMS (1)
- Incidence rates (1)
- Inclusion (1)
- Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) (1)
- Indian Summer Monsoon (1)
- Indirect searches (1)
- Individual based model (1)
- Individual differences (1)
- Individual size (1)
- Indochina (1)
- Indonesia (1)
- Induced seismicity (1)
- Infant regulatory problems (1)
- Infinitival patterns (1)
- Information structure (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Innovation networks (1)
- Instability (1)
- Instructional practices (1)
- Insulin (1)
- Integrative taxonomy (1)
- Intelligence (1)
- Interaction (1)
- Interactive effects (1)
- Interception (1)
- Interchain interactions (1)
- Interest (1)
- Interference (1)
- Interferometry (1)
- Interkulturelle Äquivalenz (1)
- Intermittent exercise (1)
- Internalizing symptoms (1)
- Internet (1)
- Intertrial coherence (1)
- Intervention study (1)
- Intra-individual response-time variability (1)
- Intra-oceanic subduction (1)
- Intra-parietal sulcus (1)
- Intraspecific genetic variation (1)
- Intraspecific variation (1)
- Intubation (1)
- Inventory holding costs (1)
- Inventory systems (1)
- Inverse theory (1)
- Investment (1)
- Ionic liquids (1)
- Ionogels (1)
- Iran (1)
- Isotope (1)
- Isotope-dilution analysis (1)
- Isotopes (1)
- Issue 95 (1)
- Italy (1)
- Iterated corner asymptotics of solutions (1)
- Ito integral (1)
- JIT compilers (1)
- Jump height (1)
- Jump processes (1)
- Justice (1)
- Justice sensitivity (1)
- Kamchatka (1)
- Kernelization (1)
- Khatanga river (1)
- Khomeini (1)
- Kiezdeutsch (1)
- Kinesin V (1)
- Kinetic model (1)
- Knee valgus motion (1)
- Knowledge creep (1)
- Knowledge utilization (1)
- Kommentar (1)
- Kongress (1)
- Konzentration (1)
- Kultur (1)
- Kyrgyzstan (1)
- Kyros II (1)
- L-2-invariants (1)
- L-selectin (1)
- L11 (1)
- L26 (1)
- L95 (1)
- LCST behavior (1)
- LEM-domain (1)
- LHC (1)
- LIKE-AUX1 (LAX) (1)
- LINC complex (1)
- LLSVPs (1)
- Lacustrine sediment (1)
- Lacustrine surface samples (1)
- Lagrangian-averaged equations (1)
- Lake (1)
- Lake Van (1)
- Lake deposits (1)
- Lake level (1)
- Lake sediment (1)
- Lake sediments (1)
- Lakes (1)
- Lamin (1)
- Land use (1)
- Land use intensity (1)
- Land-use planning (1)
- Langmuir monolayer (1)
- Language production (1)
- Language understanding (1)
- Languages (1)
- Lanthanide (1)
- Laos (1)
- Laplace-Beltrami operator (1)
- Larger foraminifera (1)
- Laser ICP-MS (1)
- Last Glacial Maximum (1)
- Late Pleistocene (1)
- Lateral jumps (1)
- Lateralization (1)
- Latitudinal gradient (1)
- Layer-by-layer (1)
- Leaf area index (1)
- Leaf litter (1)
- Leaf senescence (1)
- Leaking (1)
- Left middle and superior temporal gyri (1)
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (1)
- Left-ordered groups (1)
- Lemna minor (1)
- Lemnaceae (1)
- Lernwiderstände (1)
- Lesion formation (1)
- Level of abstraction (1)
- Levy diffusion approximation (1)
- Levy diffusions on manifolds (1)
- Levy flights (1)
- Lexical database (1)
- LiDAR (1)
- Lichenometry (1)
- Lidar (1)
- Life cycle assessment (1)
- Life history (1)
- Life science (1)
- Light scattering (1)
- Limonoid (1)
- Linguistics (1)
- Linking (1)
- Lipid (1)
- Lipid biomarkers (1)
- Lipid profile (1)
- Liquid Jet (1)
- Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- Liquids (1)
- Lisbon Treaty (1)
- Literatur (1)
- Lively Kernel (1)
- Lizenzen (1)
- Load Balancing (1)
- Lobelia tupa (1)
- Local Group (1)
- Local index theory (1)
- Local plant-abundance (1)
- Location awareness (1)
- Logic tree (1)
- Long term management (1)
- Long-range transport (1)
- Long-term effects (1)
- Loop-loop systems (1)
- Low flow indicator (1)
- Low frequency amplitude variability (1)
- Low rank matrices (1)
- Low temperature NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Lu-Hf geochronology (1)
- Luminescence spectroscopy (1)
- Lysophosphatidylcholines (1)
- MADS-domain transcription factor (1)
- MALDI imaging (1)
- MATLAB (1)
- MCPH (1)
- MONOPTEROS (ARF5) (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Madeira island (1)
- Magnetic hydrochar (1)
- Magnetic susceptibility (1)
- Magnetostratigraphy (1)
- Management (1)
- Mandarin Chinese (1)
- Manganese (1)
- Mann-Kendall test (1)
- Mantle processes (1)
- Marcus canonical equation (1)
- Marine Isotope Stage 3 (1)
- Marine ecology (1)
- Marke (1)
- Markenpersönlichkeit (1)
- Marketing (1)
- Markov Chain (1)
- Markov Chain Monte Carlo inversion (1)
- Markov chain (1)
- Markov cluster algorithm (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Mastery goals (1)
- Maternal effects (1)
- Math achievement (1)
- Mato Grosso (1)
- Maule earthquake (1)
- Measurement (1)
- Media (1)
- Medical education (1)
- Mehrsprachigkeit (1)
- Mekong Delta (1)
- Melt inclusions (1)
- Membrane (1)
- Memory (1)
- Menderes Massif (1)
- Menschenrecht (1)
- Mental arithmetic (1)
- Mental health (1)
- Mental image (1)
- Mercuric mercury (1)
- Meromorphic operator-valued symbols (1)
- Mesoangioblasts (1)
- Mesoscale systems (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metalloenzymes (1)
- Metaphor (1)
- Metasomatism (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Mice (1)
- Micellar caseins (1)
- Michael addition (1)
- Microbial carbon transfer (1)
- Microbial degradation (1)
- Microcebus berthae (1)
- Microcebus murinus (1)
- Microfossils (1)
- Microfoundations (1)
- Microperoxidase-11 (1)
- Microphysical properties (1)
- Microscale electrode (1)
- Microspore (1)
- Microwave chemistry (1)
- Middle Palaeolithic (1)
- Middle childhood (1)
- Migmatites (1)
- Mikrokanal (1)
- Milium effusum (1)
- Mineral soil (1)
- Minimalist program (1)
- Minimum landing size (1)
- Miocene (1)
- Mirror Principle (1)
- Missions (1)
- Mittag-Leffler functions (1)
- Mixed strategy (1)
- Mixture model (1)
- Miyakejima intrusion (1)
- Mobile Campus Application (1)
- Mobile application (1)
- Model Analysis (1)
- Model Implementation (1)
- Model availability (1)
- Model comparison (1)
- Modeling framework (1)
- Modeling tools for decision-making (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modelling Framework (1)
- Modern pollen/vegetation relationships (1)
- Modified Hamiltonians (1)
- Molecular clouds (1)
- Molecular dynamics (1)
- Molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- Molecular heterosis (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular motor (1)
- Molecular orientation (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- Molecules (1)
- Mollification (1)
- Molybdenum (1)
- Molybdenum-iron-iron-sulfur cluster (1)
- Monetary incentive delay task (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monoclonal MIPs (1)
- Monomolecular reaction (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (1)
- Morbus Parkinson (1)
- Mormyridae (1)
- Morphogenesis (1)
- Morphological cues (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Morse-Smale property (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Mortality causes (1)
- Moss samples (1)
- Motor coordination (1)
- Motor planning/programming (1)
- Moving window (1)
- Multi-locus phylogeny (1)
- Multifunctionality (1)
- Multilayer (1)
- Multilevel analysis (1)
- Multilevel model (1)
- Multiple herbivory (1)
- Multiple interpretation scheme (1)
- Multiple risk factor intervention (1)
- Multiwalled carbon nanotube (1)
- Municipality data (1)
- Murine leukemia virus (1)
- Muscle (1)
- Muscle mass (1)
- Myoblasts (1)
- Myodes glareolus (1)
- Myzus persicae (1)
- Müll (1)
- N (1)
- N efficiency (1)
- N400 (1)
- NAFLD (1)
- NCA (1)
- NF-B (1)
- NICE-2014 (1)
- Nanograin charge (1)
- Nanogranitoids (1)
- Nanohybrid (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) (1)
- National Socialism (1)
- Natural gas network (1)
- Natural language processing (1)
- Natural population (1)
- Natural products (1)
- Nature conservation management (1)
- Near surface geophysics (1)
- Neglect (1)
- Neoromicia (1)
- Nest protection (1)
- Network analysis (1)
- Network graph (1)
- Network monitoring (1)
- Network topology (1)
- Networked foresight (1)
- Networks (1)
- Neurotoxicity (1)
- Next/second-generation sequencing (1)
- Niche partitioning (1)
- Nickel oxide (1)
- Nitric oxide (1)
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (1)
- Non-pharmacological intervention (1)
- Nonlinear X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Norepinephrine transporter (1)
- Normierung Soziolinguistik (1)
- North Pacific (1)
- Nuclear accent (1)
- Nuclear envelope (1)
- Nuclear explosions (1)
- Nuclear lamina (1)
- Nuclear receptor (1)
- Null model (1)
- Number cognition (1)
- Number morphology (1)
- Number of taste organs (1)
- Number representation (1)
- Numerical estimation (1)
- Numerical experiment (1)
- Nutrient export (1)
- Nutrients (1)
- Nutritional ecology (1)
- O horizon (1)
- O-2 (1)
- OCD (1)
- ODE model (1)
- OSIRIS (1)
- Object Versioning (1)
- Observational (1)
- Occupational therapists (1)
- Occupational therapy (1)
- Ocular drift (1)
- Oculo-motor control (1)
- Oculomotor resonance (1)
- Old Red Sandstone (1)
- Older patients (1)
- Online Marketing (1)
- Online morpho-syntactic processing (1)
- Oomycetes (1)
- Opal-A (1)
- Opal-CT (1)
- Open Access (1)
- Open innovation (1)
- OpenLayers 3 (1)
- Operand order effect (1)
- Ophiolite obduction (1)
- Ophrys (1)
- Optimal foraging (1)
- Optimal stochastic and deterministic (1)
- Opto-mechanically induced scission of (1)
- Opto-mechanically induced scission of polymer chains (1)
- Order-preserving maps (1)
- Ordinality (1)
- Organic carbon (1)
- Organic pollutants (1)
- Organizational epistemology (1)
- Oriental/Persian Monarchy (1)
- Osmium (1)
- Osteoblast (1)
- Othering (1)
- Oxidative stress (1)
- Oxygen heterocycles (1)
- P ligands (1)
- P2 (1)
- PAHs (1)
- PAS domain (1)
- PCDitch (1)
- PCLake (1)
- PDE6D (1)
- PET (1)
- PHS2 (1)
- PIN (1)
- POD (1)
- PT estimates (1)
- PTMEs (1)
- PUFA (1)
- Palaeolimnology (1)
- Palaeolithic (1)
- Palaeotemperature (1)
- Paleo (1)
- Paleoceanography (1)
- Paleoenvironmental (1)
- Paleomagnetism (1)
- Palygorskite (1)
- Parafoveal (1)
- Parafoveal processing (1)
- Parallel job execution time estimation (1)
- Parameterized complexity (1)
- Parenting quality (1)
- Particle mobility (1)
- Passive (1)
- Pastoralism (1)
- Pea flour (1)
- Pea protein isolate (1)
- Pediastrum (1)
- Pelvic breadth (1)
- Pentacyclic triterpene methyl ethers (1)
- Pentylsedinine (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Perceptual span (1)
- Performance (1)
- Performance Evaluation (1)
- Periplaneta americana (1)
- Permanent uplift (1)
- Permuted balance (1)
- Peronospora farinosa (1)
- Perturbation (1)
- Perturbation theory (1)
- Pervasive computing (1)
- Pest infestation (1)
- Pest-pest interaction (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phenols (1)
- Phenotypic plasticity (1)
- Phenylpropanoids (1)
- Phonology (1)
- Phonotactics (1)
- Phosphatidylcholines (1)
- Phosphatidylinositols (1)
- Phosphogenesis (1)
- Photoinduced optical anisotropy (1)
- Photolysis (1)
- Photon Density Wave spectroscopy (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Physical environment (1)
- Physicochemical properties (1)
- Physics (1)
- Phytoplankton (1)
- Phytotoxicity (1)
- Pi interactions (1)
- Piperidine alkaloid (1)
- Pipistrellus (1)
- Planetary rings (1)
- Plant community ecology (1)
- Plant soil feedbacks (1)
- Plant-soil feedback (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plasma convection (1)
- Plasmalogens (1)
- Platinum group metals (1)
- Plato´s Cratylus (1)
- Plausible values (1)
- Pleistocene and Holocene climate (1)
- Plume (1)
- Pointing (1)
- Polen (1)
- Political realism (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Pollen source area (1)
- Poly vinyl alcohol (1)
- Polyaromatic fragments (1)
- Polyether ether ketone (1)
- Polyethyleneimine (1)
- Polyimides (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymer degradation (1)
- Polymorphism (1)
- Polypeptoid (1)
- Pontides (1)
- Pore analysis (1)
- Portugal (1)
- Positive selection (1)
- Post-glacial landscape (1)
- Post-polymerization modification (1)
- Postmortal organ donation (1)
- Postpartum anxiety disorders (1)
- Postpartum depression (1)
- Potential of mean force (1)
- Potsdam 2013 (1)
- Power (1)
- Poylaniline (1)
- Pre-school children (1)
- Precaution (1)
- Predation (1)
- Prediabetes (1)
- Predictability (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Prediction error signal (1)
- Prediction of achievement in science (1)
- Predictors (1)
- Presystemic metabolism (1)
- Prevalence (1)
- Primary: 47B35 (1)
- Primates (1)
- Privacy (1)
- Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and Bayesian inference (1)
- Process Monitoring (1)
- Process analytical technology (1)
- Process choreographies (1)
- Process model repositories (1)
- Process model search (1)
- Process modeling (1)
- Process models (1)
- Procyanidins (1)
- Professional Knowledge (1)
- Programming Environments (1)
- Prohibited performance enhancement (1)
- Projective meaning (1)
- Prominences, active (1)
- Pronominal anaphora (1)
- Propensity score matching (1)
- Prosodic phrasing (1)
- Prosody (1)
- Prospective study (1)
- Protein aggregation (1)
- Protic 2-hydroxyethylammonium ionic liquids (1)
- Prozessorientierte Didaktik (1)
- Pseudo-binary phase diagrams (1)
- Psychoeducation (1)
- Psycholinguistics (1)
- Psychosocial stress (1)
- Psychotropics (1)
- Public administration (1)
- Public debt (1)
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension (1)
- Punctuated equilibrium theory (1)
- Purification (1)
- Push factor (1)
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (1)
- Q49 (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- Quantum chemical calculations (1)
- Quasi Random Walk (1)
- Quasi-aromaticity (1)
- Quaternary climate (1)
- Question answering (1)
- Questionnaire (1)
- Questionnaires (1)
- Quinonoid structure (1)
- R (1)
- RNA (1)
- RP2 (1)
- RSA triangle (1)
- RT-qPCR (1)
- Rac-metalaxyl (1)
- Racket (1)
- Radiation mechanisms: Non-termal (1)
- Radiolaria (1)
- Raman microspectroscopy (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Randomized-controlled trial (1)
- Rare earth element (REE) distribution (1)
- Raum (1)
- Rawls (1)
- Rb-Sr mineral isochrons (1)
- Reaction mechanism (1)
- Reading comprehension (1)
- Rearrangement (1)
- Reciprocal processes (1)
- Reclassification (1)
- Redox potential (1)
- Reduction targets (1)
- Reflex (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Regime shifts (1)
- Regionalization (1)
- Regolith (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Rehabilitation success (1)
- Reinforcement learning (1)
- Rejection sensitivity (1)
- Relative clause (1)
- Relaxin (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Renovation (1)
- Residential building stock (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resonance-free ultrasound emitter (1)
- Resource provisioning (1)
- Respiratory aspiration (1)
- Reversibility (1)
- Reviewer (1)
- Reward system (1)
- Rheic Ocean (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Rio Grande (1)
- Riparian zone (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Risk control (1)
- Risk factor (1)
- Risk model (1)
- Risk zoning (1)
- Roach (1)
- Rock glacier (1)
- Rock magnetism (1)
- Rosa x level (1)
- Russian (1)
- S1P(3) receptor (1)
- SANS (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SLC13A5 (1)
- SQL (1)
- SSD (1)
- SU5416 (1)
- Salamanders (1)
- Salamandra (1)
- Salento (1)
- Salivary gland (1)
- Sarcopenia (1)
- Saturn, rings (1)
- Saturn, satellites (1)
- Savanna rangeland dynamics (1)
- Scaling (1)
- Scanpaths (1)
- Scenario (1)
- Schah (1)
- Science achievement (1)
- Scientific inquiry (1)
- Scotophilus (1)
- Sea ice (1)
- Sea-level change (1)
- Seasonality (1)
- Second language (1)
- Secondary prevention (1)
- Secondary school level (1)
- Secondary: 47L80 (1)
- Security Council (1)
- Sediment magnetism (1)
- Sediment production (1)
- Sediment recycling (1)
- Sediment supply (1)
- Sediments (1)
- Seebeck ratchet (1)
- Seed immigration (1)
- Seed provenance (1)
- Seismic refraction (1)
- Seismic tomography (1)
- Seismology (1)
- Seismotectonic segmentation (1)
- Seismoturbidites (1)
- Selbstkongruenz (1)
- Selbstkonzept (1)
- Selection effects (1)
- Self-control (1)
- Self-efficacy (1)
- Self-employment (1)
- Self-powered biosensor (1)
- Self-regulation (1)
- Semantic priming (1)
- Semantic typicality (1)
- Sensitivity analysis (1)
- Sensorimotor training (1)
- Sensors (1)
- Sensory cues (1)
- Sensory zone (1)
- Sentence comprehension (1)
- Sentence comprehension deficits (1)
- Sentence processing (1)
- Sentence reading (1)
- Sequences (1)
- Serotonin (1)
- Service detection (1)
- Service-oriented Architecture (1)
- Sex difference (1)
- Sexual dimorphism (1)
- Shallow lakes (1)
- Shannon diversity (1)
- Shannon entropy (1)
- Shear flow (1)
- Short chain dehydrogenase (1)
- Si fractions (1)
- Sign language (1)
- Signal propagation (1)
- Signaling transduction networks (1)
- Silica (1)
- Simulation of polymer XPS (1)
- Single-station sigma (1)
- Singularities (1)
- Site effects (1)
- Site-specific agricultural land-use (1)
- Situated cognition (1)
- Size distribution (1)
- Skeletochronology (1)
- Skill (1)
- Skills (1)
- Slow positive wave (1)
- Smalltalk (1)
- Smoking (1)
- Smoking cessation (1)
- Snap-through instability (1)
- Social Choice Theory (1)
- Social Cognition (1)
- Social Networking Sites (1)
- Socio-economics (1)
- Soil (1)
- Soil heterogeneity (1)
- Soil moisture (1)
- Soil moisture time series (1)
- Soil monitoring (1)
- Solanum lycopersicum (1)
- Solanum tuberosum (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (1)
- Solvation (1)
- Solvent effects (1)
- Solvothermal synthesis (1)
- Sorex araneus (1)
- South-Eastern Europe (1)
- Southern Caspian Basin (1)
- Southern Italy (1)
- Southern Levant (1)
- Southern Ocean (1)
- Sozialer Einfluss (1)
- Space weather (1)
- Spacecraft (1)
- Spatial and nonspatial graphs (1)
- Spatial and temporal denudation rate (1)
- Spatial cognition (1)
- Spatial interactions (1)
- Spatial panel estimation (1)
- Spatially explicit models (1)
- Species range shift (1)
- Species tree (1)
- Spectrophotometry (1)
- Speech perception (1)
- Speech production (1)
- Spelling (1)
- Sphingolipids (1)
- Sphingomyelin (1)
- Sphingosine 1phosphate (1)
- Sport therapy (1)
- Sprachbewusstsein (1)
- Sprachwandel (1)
- Sprouting (1)
- Squeak (1)
- Sri Lanka (1)
- Stachys sylvatica (1)
- Standard language ideology (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Standardized precipitation index (1)
- Starch accumulation (1)
- Starch metabolizing enzymes (1)
- Start-up (1)
- Statistical seismology (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Stay-green (1)
- Stein, Torsten (1)
- Stimulation fluids (1)
- Stochastic Hamiltonian (1)
- Stochastic Petri nets (1)
- Stochastic bridges (1)
- Stochastic geometry (1)
- Stockholm-convention (1)
- Stratal cyclicity (1)
- Strategic human resources (1)
- Stratonovich integral (1)
- Stress drop (1)
- Stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- Strontium isotope stratigraphy (1)
- Structural changes (1)
- Structural expectation (1)
- Structural models (1)
- Strukturgleichungsmodellierung (1)
- Student Teachers (1)
- Student motivation (1)
- Studium (1)
- Subantarctic Front (1)
- Subarctic North Pacific (1)
- Subduction earthquakes (1)
- Subduction interface (1)
- Subduction zone processes (1)
- Subject-specific interest (1)
- Submerged macrophytes (1)
- Substance (1)
- Substituent chemical shifts (1)
- Subsurface biosphere (1)
- Subtropical cyclones (1)
- Suicide attempt (1)
- Sulfite oxidase (1)
- Sulfur transfer (1)
- Sulfuration (1)
- Sulphite oxidase (1)
- Sulphoxide (1)
- Sumba Island (1)
- Sun1 (1)
- Sun: chromosphere (1)
- Sun: corona (1)
- Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) (1)
- Sun: flares (1)
- Sun: photosphere (1)
- Sun: sunspots (1)
- Sunspots, magnetic fields (1)
- Supernova remnants (1)
- Support vector machine regression (1)
- Supramolecular ball structure (1)
- Supramolecular chemistry (1)
- Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) (1)
- Surface relief grating (1)
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- Surfactant micelles (1)
- Surprisal (1)
- Sustainable land use (1)
- Swarm constellation (1)
- Switzerland (1)
- Symbolik (1)
- Synchrotron Radiation (1)
- Synthetic methods (1)
- System ecology (1)
- Systems biology (1)
- TG/DTA (1)
- TMS (1)
- TOP-Guidelines (1)
- TSNMRS (1)
- Tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- Tarim Basin, NW China (1)
- Taste buds (1)
- Tax and spending competition (1)
- Teacher motivation (1)
- Technofunctional properties (1)
- Technological impact (1)
- Tectonic uplift (1)
- Tectonics (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Temperature (1)
- Tendinopathy (1)
- Terrace reoccupation (1)
- TerraceM (1)
- Terrestrial Si cycle (1)
- Testate amoebae (1)
- Tetranychus urticae (1)
- Texturing (1)
- Thailand (1)
- The Netherlands (1)
- Thematic Hierarchy (1)
- Theoretical seismology (1)
- Thermal broadening effects (1)
- Thermal diffusivity (1)
- Thermal inertia (1)
- Thermal sound generation (1)
- Thermal wave method (1)
- Thermo-acoustic effect (1)
- Thermophone (1)
- Thermoplastics (1)
- Thermoresponsive (1)
- Thiol-ene (1)
- Thiomersal (1)
- Three phase partitioning (1)
- Thyroid hormone (1)
- Tian Shan (1)
- Tien Shan (1)
- Tile drain (1)
- Time duality (1)
- Time resolved FRET (1)
- Time-lapse imaging (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS imaging (1)
- Tool use demonstration (1)
- Tool use pantomime (1)
- Toonacilin (1)
- Toonapubesins F (1)
- Topographic consistency (1)
- Total synthesis (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Trace inclusion (1)
- Tracheotomy (1)
- Traffic (1)
- Training conditions (1)
- Transactivation assay (1)
- Transcript levels (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Transformation of hydrological signals (1)
- Transformation toughening (1)
- Transforming growth factor beta (1)
- Transhimalaya (1)
- Transmembrane asymmetry (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Tree recruitment (1)
- Triturus (1)
- Trophic interactions (1)
- Tropical dry deciduous forests (1)
- Trunk trail (1)
- Tso Morari (1)
- Tunisian Revolution (1)
- Turbidite paleoseismology (1)
- Turbulence (1)
- Turkey (1)
- Turkish migrants (1)
- Turkish-German bilingualism (1)
- Turraea nilotica (1)
- Turraea robusta (1)
- Two-temperature model (1)
- Typical intellectual engagement (1)
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (1)
- UHP exhumation (1)
- USA / Politik, Zeitgeschichte, Recht (1)
- Ultra-high pressure (UHP) (1)
- Ultra-low velocity zones (1)
- Ultrasonography (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Unaccusatives (1)
- Unaccusativity (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Uncertainty estimation (1)
- Unconventional gas (1)
- Unemployment (1)
- Unergative verbs (1)
- Uplift (1)
- Upper Cambrian (1)
- Upper Cretaceous (1)
- Urban ecosystem analysis (1)
- Urodela (1)
- User submission pattern (1)
- V-p (1)
- V-s ratios (1)
- V2 (1)
- VHE gamma-ray astronomy (1)
- Validation (1)
- Validity (1)
- Variance partitioning (1)
- Variscan (1)
- Varve (1)
- Vegetation structure (1)
- Ventilation (1)
- Verfassung (1)
- Verfassung / Europäische Verfassung (1)
- Verfassungsrecht (1)
- Vertrag über die Europäische Union (1)
- Veto Player (1)
- Vietnam (1)
- Vietnamese (1)
- Virtual 3D scenes (1)
- Viscoelasticity (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Volatile compound (1)
- Volcanic arc processes (1)
- Volcanic rift zone (1)
- Voltammetry (1)
- Voxel-based morphometry (1)
- Vulnerability (1)
- Völkerrecht (1)
- WEREWOLF (1)
- Walvis Ridge (1)
- Wave equation (1)
- Wave scattering and diffraction (1)
- Wave-built terraces (1)
- Wealth distribution (1)
- Weather impact (1)
- Weathering (1)
- Web browsers (1)
- WebGL (1)
- Weight (1)
- Weight loss (1)
- Weighted edge spaces (1)
- Weltwirtschaftskrise (1)
- Werte (1)
- West Antarctic Ice Sheet (1)
- Westerlies (1)
- Weyl tensor (1)
- Whey proteins (1)
- Winning Coalition (1)
- Wolf (1)
- Work (1)
- Working-memory (1)
- Workload (1)
- WorldView-2 (1)
- Wrinkling (1)
- X-ray Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray structure (1)
- X-rays: ISM (1)
- X-rays: galaxies (1)
- XAS (1)
- XES (1)
- XLRP (1)
- XMRV (1)
- XPS (1)
- Xanthomonas (1)
- Xenobesity (1)
- Xenophon of Athens (1)
- Xenophon von Athen (1)
- Xigaze ophiolite (1)
- XopJ (1)
- Xpr1 (1)
- Yield per recruit (YPR) (1)
- Yolk (1)
- Yttria stabilized zirconia (1)
- Yurtus Formation (1)
- Zahl (1)
- Ziphiidae (1)
- ZooMS (1)
- Zweitveröffentlichung (1)
- ab initio (1)
- ab initio calculations (1)
- abundance estimation (1)
- academic achievement (1)
- acceptability judgments (1)
- acetylcholinesterase (1)
- acid sphingomyelinase (1)
- action language (1)
- action observation (1)
- action perception (1)
- active transport (1)
- actuator (1)
- acute kidney injury (1)
- acute physiological demand (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adherence (1)
- adolescent athletes (1)
- aerobic respiration (1)
- affect (1)
- age structure (1)
- agent-based models (1)
- agility (1)
- aid worker (1)
- airborne (1)
- airborne geophysics (1)
- albuminuria (1)
- alcohol (1)
- alcohol addiction (1)
- aldehyde oxidase (1)
- aldol reaction (1)
- algae (1)
- algorithm schedules (1)
- alien vascular plants (1)
- alignments (1)
- alpha-stable Levy process (1)
- alpine (1)
- ambient noise (1)
- ambiguity resolution (1)
- amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) (1)
- amino alcohols (1)
- amorphous polymers (1)
- anachronism (1)
- anger regulation (1)
- annual plants (1)
- anomalous diffusion and transport (1)
- answer set programming (1)
- anti-HIV (1)
- anti-doping (1)
- antisemitism (1)
- aphasia (1)
- aphasia treatment (1)
- aphids (1)
- aquatic ecosystems (1)
- arab (1)
- argon dating (1)
- articulated rods (1)
- artificial neural networks (1)
- artificially drained lowland (1)
- arylalkylamine N-transferase (1)
- asteroseismology (1)
- astrometry (1)
- astronomical databases: miscellaneous (1)
- atherosclerosis (1)
- atmospheric circulation (1)
- atmospheric nitrogen deposition (1)
- atom-surface interaction (1)
- attitudes (1)
- auditory neurons (1)
- aversion (1)
- avirulence (1)
- azobenzene (1)
- bacterial production (1)
- balance (1)
- bank vole (1)
- base-level fall (1)
- basis sets (1)
- behavioral observation (1)
- benchmark (1)
- benzofurans (1)
- bi-harmonic coupling (1)
- bilingualism (1)
- binaries: general (1)
- biocatalysis (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- biodegradable polymers (1)
- bioelectrocatalysis (1)
- bioinvasion (1)
- biological physics (1)
- biomimetic sensors (1)
- biorecognition reactions (1)
- birhythmic behavior (1)
- bis-MGD (1)
- black holes (1)
- body composition (1)
- body temperature (1)
- bone (1)
- brain lesions (1)
- brain networks (1)
- break interventions (1)
- bridge (1)
- broad melting temperature range (1)
- bureaucratic politics (1)
- cPMP (1)
- caffeine (1)
- cancer cachexia (1)
- capacitive sensor (1)
- capture-recapture modeling (1)
- carbohydrates (1)
- carbon cycle (1)
- carbon nitride (1)
- carbon nitride thin film (1)
- cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- cardiovascular diseases (1)
- career success (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- carotenoids bioavailability (1)
- cartographic design (1)
- cascade reactions (1)
- cash crops (1)
- catanionic surfactants (1)
- catchments (1)
- cell culture device (1)
- cell-based assay (1)
- cell-material interaction (1)
- cellobiose dehydrogenase (1)
- cells (1)
- ceramide (1)
- channel geometry (1)
- characteristics (1)
- characterization of ultrasonic measurement systems (1)
- chemotaxis (1)
- childhood (1)
- children (1)
- chlorophyll content (1)
- cholinesterase inhibitors (1)
- chromatin remodeling (1)
- chronic kidney disease (1)
- chronostratigrapy (1)
- chronotopy (1)
- circumstellar matter (1)
- cis-regulatory evolution (1)
- civitas perfecta (1)
- class-level effects (1)
- clay organic coating (1)
- climate extremes (1)
- climate finance (1)
- climate impacts (1)
- climate policy (1)
- climate variability (1)
- climate warming (1)
- clinical study (1)
- clock genes (1)
- coagulation-fragmentation (1)
- coat colour (1)
- coating (1)
- coenzyme-a (1)
- coexistence (1)
- cofactors (1)
- cognitive resources (1)
- collaborative learning (1)
- collagen (1)
- collective efficacy (1)
- collective team identification (1)
- column operation mode (1)
- community (1)
- community biomass (1)
- community structure (1)
- comorbidities (1)
- compatibility effect (1)
- complex majoritarianism (1)
- complexity (1)
- composition (1)
- compounding (1)
- comprehensive analysis (1)
- computational fluid dynamics (1)
- computer games (1)
- concentration (1)
- conceptual history (1)
- condition number (1)
- conduct problems (1)
- conducting polymers (1)
- conduction aphasia (1)
- conductive argument (1)
- confidence sets (1)
- conformational analysis (1)
- conformational properties (1)
- congeneric species (1)
- connections between chaos and statistical physics (1)
- connectivity (1)
- conservation responsibility (1)
- continental breakup (1)
- continental shelf (1)
- continuous time random walk (CTRW) (1)
- contrast (1)
- control (1)
- controlled release (1)
- cooperative goal interdependence (1)
- copolymer networks (1)
- correlation (1)
- cosmogenic burial dating (1)
- cosmogenic nuclides (1)
- coupled-cluster (1)
- couples (1)
- coupling methods (1)
- creative field (1)
- crop (1)
- cross-modal generalization (1)
- cross-modal priming (1)
- crowded fluids (1)
- crustal thickness (1)
- cryptogams (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- culture (1)
- cultures (1)
- cyclic voltammetry (1)
- cycloaddition (1)
- cyt b (1)
- cytochrome P450 17A1 (Cyp17A1) (1)
- cytokines/chemokines (1)
- cytoplasmic polyadenylation (1)
- damage estimation (1)
- dark respiration (1)
- data synthesis (1)
- data-based (1)
- database (1)
- deadwood (1)
- deaf readers (1)
- deaf-mutes (1)
- debris avalanche (1)
- debris flow (1)
- decentralization (1)
- deception (1)
- decision theory (1)
- decision tree (1)
- declarative memory (1)
- decomposition (1)
- decomposition analysis (1)
- deep-level mining (1)
- deep-sea bacterial community (1)
- degradable polyester (1)
- degradable polymers (1)
- democratic theory (1)
- demography (1)
- dendritic cells (1)
- denitrification (1)
- denudation (1)
- depression (1)
- depropriation (1)
- derivational affixes (1)
- development assistance (1)
- di(ethylene glycol) methy ether methacrylate (1)
- dialect (1)
- dielectric elastomer (1)
- dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- differential expression analysis (1)
- differential network analysis (1)
- differentiation (1)
- dike intrusion (1)
- dike-induced seismicity (1)
- dike-induced stresses (1)
- dimensional overlap (1)
- direct electrochemistry (1)
- direct speech (1)
- directed evolution (1)
- directed transport (1)
- discharge pattern (1)
- discourse comprehension (1)
- disease severity (1)
- disordered systems (theory) (1)
- dispersion (1)
- dissection (1)
- distal turbidites (1)
- distance scale (1)
- disturbance (1)
- diversification rates (1)
- division rings (1)
- docosahexaenoic acid (1)
- dolerite (1)
- dopamine (1)
- doping (1)
- drainage (1)
- drought (1)
- drug (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- dryland ecosystems (1)
- drylands (1)
- dual processing (1)
- duality formula (1)
- dust, extinction (1)
- dye (1)
- dynamic equilibrium (1)
- dynamic structure factor (1)
- eLectures (1)
- early life stress (1)
- earthquake (1)
- east Africa (1)
- echolocation (1)
- ecological niches (1)
- ecological restoration (1)
- ecology (1)
- ecosystem change (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- educational aspirations (1)
- ego depletion (1)
- electric fields (1)
- electric fields and currents (1)
- electrochemistry (1)
- electrodes (1)
- electromagnetic imaging (1)
- electromagnetics (1)
- electromechanically active polymer (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- electrostatic interactions (1)
- elemental composition (1)
- elementary excitation (1)
- elite athletes (1)
- embedded Markov chain (1)
- embeddings (1)
- embryo (1)
- emotion (1)
- emotion recognition (1)
- emotional expression (1)
- emotional status (1)
- emotional valence (1)
- energy-metabolism (1)
- enjoyment (1)
- environmental stress response (1)
- enzyme inhibitors (1)
- enzymes (1)
- eolian dust (1)
- ephedrine/pseudoephedrine (1)
- episodic memory (1)
- equality (1)
- errata, addenda (1)
- error avoidance (1)
- eta forms (1)
- ethnic identity (1)
- evaluative priming (1)
- evenness (1)
- evolution (1)
- exercise intervention (1)
- exercise prescription (1)
- exercise stress test (1)
- experiment (1)
- experimental evaluation (1)
- exploitation (1)
- exposure (1)
- external ambiguity (1)
- extinct species (1)
- extinction (1)
- extreme temperature events (1)
- eye movement (1)
- eye tracking (1)
- eye-movements (1)
- face morphing (1)
- facial feedback (1)
- faking (1)
- family ethnic socialization (1)
- fashion design (1)
- fecundity (1)
- fertilization (1)
- fff (1)
- fibers (1)
- fiction (1)
- fides (1)
- films (1)
- filosofía sensualista (1)
- financing scheme (1)
- fine fraction (1)
- first passage (1)
- first trimester (1)
- fitness-maximization (1)
- flood risk (1)
- flood risk analysis (1)
- floodplain (1)
- flow (1)
- flow photolysis (1)
- flower development (1)
- fluctuation forces (1)
- fluctuation relations (1)
- fluid shells (1)
- fluid-induced seismicity (1)
- fluorescent probes (1)
- fluorescent reporter (1)
- focus (1)
- focus sensitivity (1)
- food quality (1)
- food webs (1)
- forest management (1)
- forestREplot (1)
- formal argumentation systems (1)
- formal power series (1)
- formal syntax (1)
- forms of government (1)
- fovea (1)
- frequency analysis (1)
- freshwater sharks (1)
- functional capacity (1)
- functional languages (1)
- functional magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- functional traits (1)
- functions (1)
- functions of Presidency (1)
- gait speed (1)
- galactosylceramide (1)
- galaxies: ISM (1)
- galaxies: Seyfert (1)
- galaxies: active-galaxies: individual: PMN J0948+0022 (1)
- galaxies: clusters: individual (47 Tucanae) (1)
- galaxies: distances and redshifts (1)
- galaxies: individual (Hydra II) (1)
- galaxies: individual (Markarian 501) (1)
- galaxies: individual: AM1353-272 B (1)
- galaxies: individual: LMC (1)
- galaxies: individual: SMC (1)
- galaxies: nuclei (1)
- galaxies:active (1)
- game browsing (1)
- garnet (1)
- gas sensing (1)
- gels (1)
- gender differences (1)
- gender gap (1)
- gene coexpression (1)
- gene duplication (1)
- gene regulation (1)
- gene regulatory networks (1)
- gene-expression (1)
- general practitioners (1)
- genetics (1)
- genome evolution (1)
- geochronology (1)
- germanistische Liguistik (1)
- gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (1)
- gestures (1)
- givenness (1)
- glacier melt (1)
- global change (1)
- global markets (1)
- global spread (1)
- global warming (1)
- globular clusters: general (1)
- glutamate (1)
- glutamine (1)
- glutathione (1)
- glycaemic control (1)
- glycal (1)
- glycolipids (1)
- gold (1)
- government-formation (1)
- grain size (1)
- graphitization (1)
- grassland management (1)
- grasslands (1)
- grazing (1)
- griechische Geschichtsschreibung (1)
- grounded cognition (1)
- groundwater age (1)
- groundwater-surface water interaction (1)
- growth adaptation (1)
- growth regulation (1)
- growth strata (1)
- guilt (1)
- habitat type (1)
- hallervorden-spatz-syndrome (1)
- helium-4 (1)
- heme proteins (1)
- heritage language (1)
- high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (1)
- hillslopes (1)
- history and philosophy of astronomy (1)
- hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (1)
- hominin (1)
- hopelessness (1)
- hopf-bifurcation (1)
- human evolution (1)
- human evolutionary genetics (1)
- human life in nature, society, and history (1)
- human sulfite oxidase (1)
- humanitarian organisations (1)
- hybridisation capture (1)
- hydrocarbon field (1)
- hydroclimatology (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hydrogen bonding (1)
- hydrogen-2 (1)
- hydrological modeling (1)
- hydrometric network design (1)
- hydrophilic-to-lipophilic balance (1)
- hydrostatic atmosphere (1)
- hydrostatic pressure (1)
- hyperechogenicities (1)
- hypoechogenicities (1)
- hyponasty (1)
- iCheck (1)
- ideological congruence (1)
- immersive 3D geovisualization (1)
- impact loading (1)
- impacts (1)
- imperialist dogma (1)
- implicit association test (IAT) (1)
- implicit prosody (1)
- in-stream gravel bar (1)
- inclination shallowing (1)
- independence goals (1)
- index (1)
- indirect speech (1)
- indirect tests (1)
- individual-based (1)
- induced seismicity (1)
- inference (1)
- infinitival patterns (1)
- informal logic (1)
- information and communication technology (1)
- information source (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- injury risk (1)
- innate number sense (1)
- insect-like AANAT (1)
- instability (1)
- institutional changes (1)
- institutional design (1)
- institutional reforms (1)
- insulin (1)
- integration cost (1)
- integrins (1)
- interactions (1)
- interfaces (1)
- interference pattern (1)
- intergovernmental setting (1)
- intermolecular interactions (1)
- intermontane valleys (1)
- internal ambiguity (1)
- internalizing problems (1)
- intervention (1)
- inundation (1)
- inverse micelles (1)
- inverse problem (1)
- inversion (1)
- islam (1)
- islands as model systems (1)
- isokinetic (1)
- isometric-eccentric force (1)
- isotope ecology (1)
- joint Simon effect (1)
- juku (1)
- jump (1)
- justice (1)
- ketones (1)
- kidney dysfunction (1)
- kinetic theory (1)
- knee joint angle (1)
- knickpoints (1)
- kognitive Aktivierung (1)
- lactams (1)
- land degradation (1)
- land use change (1)
- land-use (1)
- land-use change (1)
- land-use intensity (1)
- language and abstraction (1)
- large for gestational age fetus (LGA) (1)
- last glacial maximum (1)
- leaf development (1)
- leaf wax (1)
- learning success (1)
- lengua hablada (1)
- lenguaje de signos (1)
- lenguaje y abstracción (1)
- lesion studies (1)
- licences (1)
- life form (1)
- light acclimation (1)
- light-field camera (1)
- light-induced DNA de-compaction (1)
- light-induced mass transport (1)
- linagliptin (1)
- lines of defense (1)
- linguistic historiography (1)
- linguistic rhythm (1)
- lipase release (1)
- liposomes (1)
- literature review (1)
- lobbying (1)
- local governments (1)
- localized flooding (1)
- low light stress conditions (1)
- low-carbon economy (1)
- low-grade metamorphism (1)
- lysine dendron (1)
- m-commerce (1)
- mAb (1)
- macrophage subsets (1)
- magmatic underplating (1)
- magnetic fabric (1)
- magnetic nanoparticles (1)
- magnetic reconnection (1)
- magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- magnetoconvection (1)
- mainstreaming (1)
- majority rule (1)
- maleimide (1)
- mammalian-cells (1)
- management analysis (1)
- mantle convection (1)
- marine ice-sheet instability (1)
- marine mammal (1)
- mass exchange (1)
- maternal environmental effects (1)
- math disability (1)
- mathematical cognition (1)
- maximum magnitude (1)
- maximum temperature (1)
- mean load (1)
- mechano-chemical coupling and thermodynamic efficiency (1)
- media choice (1)
- media use (1)
- media violence (1)
- medial prefrontal cortex (1)
- memantine (1)
- membrane fatty acids (1)
- membranes (1)
- memory studies (1)
- mental arithmetic (1)
- mental imagery (1)
- mental retardation (1)
- mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- mesic grasslands (1)
- messenger-rna polyadenylation (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- metabolic networks (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- metal coordination (1)
- metal-free crosslinking (1)
- metastability (1)
- meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (1)
- methods: data analysis (1)
- miRNA (1)
- microbial communities (1)
- microbial diversity (1)
- microbiomics (1)
- microchannel (1)
- microgels (1)
- micronutrient deficiencies (1)
- microparticles (1)
- middle childhood (1)
- midlatitude nighttime magnetic fluctuation (1)
- migration (1)
- mild cognitive impairment (1)
- mimicry (1)
- mind wandering (1)
- minerals (1)
- mixed quantum-classical methodology (1)
- mobile commerce research (1)
- mobility (1)
- mobility disability (1)
- mobility-mass spectrometry (1)
- modal verbs (1)
- modality (1)
- model development (1)
- modernity (1)
- modest approach (1)
- molecular and Brownian motors (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular structure (1)
- molecularly imprinted electropolymers (1)
- molten sulfur (1)
- monolayers (1)
- mood disorder (1)
- moral disengagement (1)
- morphological divergence (1)
- morphometrics (1)
- morphosyntax (1)
- morphotypes (1)
- motherhood (1)
- motor resonance (1)
- motor system (1)
- motor units (1)
- mouse lethality assay (1)
- movement (1)
- mowing (1)
- mozart effect (1)
- mtDNA (1)
- multi-level correlates (1)
- multi-locus data (1)
- multi-scaling (1)
- multiblock copolymer (1)
- multidiversity (1)
- multifunctional polymers (1)
- multifunctionality (1)
- multilevel modelling (1)
- multimodal cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- multiobjective calibration (1)
- multiscale dynamics (1)
- multitrophic interactions (1)
- multivariate regression (1)
- muscle action (1)
- muscle development (1)
- muscle synergy (1)
- museum specimens (1)
- muslim (1)
- mussel byssus (1)
- n-Alkane (1)
- n-alkanes (1)
- nAChR (1)
- nano-object motion (1)
- nanocomposites (1)
- nanoparticle characterization (1)
- nanoparticles (1)
- nanoreactor (1)
- nanostructures (1)
- narcissism (1)
- natural gas (1)
- natural rights (1)
- network of plant invasion (1)
- neural differentiation (1)
- neurodegeneration (1)
- neuroenhancement (1)
- neuroleptics (1)
- neuropsychology (1)
- neurotoxicity (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- next generation sequencing (NGS) (1)
- nighttime MSTID (1)
- nociceptors (1)
- noise (1)
- non-dissipative regularisations (1)
- non-equilibrium (1)
- non-fluent aphasia (1)
- non-native speakers (1)
- non-probability samples (1)
- nondestructive testing (1)
- nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique (1)
- nonsymmetric linear-systems (1)
- normative beliefs (1)
- nuclear norm (1)
- nucleation polymerization (1)
- number (1)
- numeracy training (1)
- numerical relativity (1)
- o-ambiguity (1)
- oak tree (1)
- object-based image analysis (1)
- observation (1)
- offscraping (1)
- older adults (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (1)
- oligospiroketals (1)
- one-pot reaction (1)
- onset (1)
- open clusters and associations: general (1)
- open clusters and associations: individual: Trapezium cluster (1)
- operational momentum (1)
- optical spectra (1)
- optimism (1)
- optogenetics (1)
- orality (1)
- organizational behavior (1)
- orientational memory (1)
- oroclinal bending (1)
- orogenic processes (1)
- osteogenic differentiation (1)
- outbreak (1)
- outcome quality (1)
- outflows (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxygen (1)
- oxygen evolution (1)
- oxygen heterocycles (1)
- oxygenation (1)
- p-Aminophenol (1)
- pH responsive hydrogel (1)
- pain (1)
- palaeoclimatology (1)
- palaeogenetics (1)
- paleo-erosion rates (1)
- paleoenvironment (1)
- paleomagnetism (1)
- paleomagnetism and rock magnetism (1)
- paleomagnetism applied to tectonics (1)
- paleophysiology (1)
- paleoreservoir age (1)
- palmitic acid (1)
- palmitoylation (1)
- para-Nitro-pyridine N-oxides (1)
- parafoveal (1)
- parafoveal processing (1)
- parafoveal vision (1)
- parchment (1)
- parental separation (1)
- partial coherence (1)
- particle-associated and free-living bacteria (1)
- passive seismic monitoring (1)
- path integration (1)
- peak discharge (1)
- peak workload duration (1)
- peptide mimotopes (1)
- perception of contrast (1)
- perceptual span (1)
- performance measurement (1)
- performance prediction (1)
- peripheral anionic site (1)
- peroxides (1)
- perpetration (1)
- personality (1)
- personality disorder (1)
- personnel policy (1)
- pgm (1)
- phase diagram (1)
- phenology (1)
- philosophical anthropology, anthropological philosophy, unfathomability of humans (1)
- phosphate (1)
- phosphorus (1)
- phosphorylase (1)
- photocatalysis (1)
- photocurrent (1)
- photodynamic therapy (1)
- photoelectrochemistry (1)
- photonic crystals (1)
- photopolymerization (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- phylogenetic diversity (1)
- phylogenomics (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- physical SRB measures (1)
- physical activity (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- piezophilic bacteria (1)
- piggyback basin (1)
- plan oblique relief (1)
- planetary nebulae: general (1)
- planetary nebulae: individual (A78) (1)
- planetary rings (1)
- plant development (1)
- plant growth (1)
- plant population and community dynamics (1)
- plant specialized metabolism (1)
- plant volatiles (1)
- plant-plant interactions (1)
- platelets (1)
- platinum (1)
- pneumatic force measuring system (1)
- pollen mapping (1)
- pollination syndrome (1)
- pollinator shift (1)
- poly(a)-binding protein (1)
- poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] (1)
- polycystic kidney disease (1)
- polydepsipeptide (1)
- polyesterurethanes (1)
- polymer chains (1)
- polymersomes (1)
- polypeptoid (1)
- polysaccharides (1)
- polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (1)
- population (1)
- population density (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- population genomics (1)
- populations (1)
- porphyrins (1)
- portfolio-based solving (1)
- positive selection (1)
- potassium (1)
- power training (1)
- pragmaticalisation (1)
- prediction (1)
- prediction error (1)
- preferential flow (1)
- premise acceptability (1)
- pressure chamber (1)
- presupposition (1)
- prices (1)
- primary microcephaly (1)
- principle (1)
- principles of therapy (1)
- proactive aggression (1)
- probabilistic discrimination (1)
- processing (1)
- processing of auditory nonverbal stimuli (1)
- production network (1)
- production of contrast (1)
- profiling (1)
- programmable adhesion (1)
- programmed cell death (1)
- proliferation (1)
- propargyl (1)
- properties (1)
- propidium (1)
- prosocial behavior (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- protein microheterogeneity (1)
- protein structure (1)
- protein structures (1)
- protein-protein interactions (1)
- proteomics (1)
- pseudospectral method (1)
- psychological well-being (1)
- psychology (1)
- public discourse (1)
- public management issues (1)
- pulsars: general (1)
- pulsars: individual (PSR J0633+1746, Geminga) (1)
- pulsed climate variability framework (1)
- pyrene excimer (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quadriceps (1)
- quality assurance (1)
- quantifier-spreading (1)
- quantum electrodynamics (1)
- quantum gas (1)
- quasiconformal mapping (1)
- questionnaire (1)
- racism by proxy (1)
- radiation mechanisms: nonthermal (1)
- radiation: dynamics (1)
- radical addition (1)
- rainfall partitioning (1)
- random walks (1)
- randomly forced Duffing equation (1)
- rapid variations (1)
- reactive aggression (1)
- reactive oxygen species (1)
- reactive transport model (1)
- real arguments (1)
- real-time rendering (1)
- rearrangement (1)
- reciprocal class (1)
- red list (1)
- referential coding (1)
- referential context (1)
- regimes (1)
- regression tree (1)
- regular and singular inverse Sturm-Liouville problems (1)
- regular exercise training (1)
- regular language (1)
- regularization method (1)
- rehabilitation outcome (1)
- rejection sensitivity (1)
- relatedness (1)
- relational aggression (1)
- relationship conflict (1)
- relative clause (1)
- relativistic processes (1)
- release mechanism (1)
- relevance (1)
- relief map (1)
- remediation (1)
- reorientation (1)
- replication (1)
- reproducibility (1)
- reproduction (1)
- reservoir characterization (1)
- resistance training (1)
- resource use efficiency (1)
- responsive materials (1)
- responsive polymers (1)
- resting state (1)
- retention (1)
- retinol (ROH) (1)
- reversible bidirectional shape-memory polymer (1)
- review (1)
- rifting (1)
- right inferior frontal gyrus (1)
- ring opening polymerization (1)
- ring-opening polymerization (1)
- rise-fall contour (1)
- river terraces (1)
- river transport (1)
- rock and mineral magnetism (1)
- rock magnetism (1)
- rock strength (1)
- rock uplift (1)
- rock-paper-scissors game (1)
- rod-cone dystrophy (1)
- role congruity theory (1)
- rotation (1)
- saccades (1)
- salicylic acid (1)
- salinity gradient (1)
- salon (1)
- salt-and-pepper (1)
- scaled Brownian motion (1)
- scene perception (1)
- school attack (1)
- school attacks (1)
- school shooting (1)
- seafloor sediment failure (1)
- seasons (1)
- second language (1)
- secondary publication (1)
- sediment storage (1)
- sediment thickness (1)
- sedimentary contact (1)
- seed (1)
- segregating oceanic crust (1)
- seismic hazard (1)
- seismicity (1)
- selective exposure (1)
- selective syntheses (1)
- self-control (1)
- self-efficacy (1)
- self-employment (1)
- self-esteem (1)
- self-paced reading (1)
- self-regulation (1)
- semantic-congruency task (1)
- semantics (1)
- senescence (1)
- sensing skin (1)
- sensors (1)
- sensory neurons (1)
- sensualist philosophy (1)
- sentence processing (1)
- sentence production (1)
- sentence reading (1)
- serum amyloid A (SAA) (1)
- serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) (1)
- sex ratio (1)
- sexual deception (SD) (1)
- sexual selection (1)
- sexual victimisation (1)
- shadow education (1)
- shallow groundwater tables (1)
- shape-memory effect (1)
- shape-memory polymer (1)
- sheep (1)
- sign language (1)
- signal detection (1)
- silica nanoparticles (1)
- silicone (1)
- simple majoritarianism (1)
- simulation-based (1)
- singlet oxygen (1)
- skeletochronology (1)
- skinfold thickness (1)
- sleep apnoea (1)
- sleep-disordered breathing (1)
- small noise asymptotic (1)
- snow (1)
- sociability (1)
- social cognitive career theory (1)
- social participation (1)
- social referencing (1)
- social rejection (1)
- social support (1)
- socio-semiotics (1)
- soft elastomeric capacitor (1)
- soft-templating (1)
- soil organic carbon (1)
- soil organic matter (1)
- soil parameters (1)
- soil texture (1)
- solid-phase extraction (1)
- solid-phase peptide synthesis (1)
- solid-state NMR (1)
- soluble heteroglycans (1)
- solvent vapor annealing (1)
- sordomudos (1)
- source parameters (1)
- spatial metaphors (1)
- spatial numerical associations (1)
- spatial response coding (1)
- spatial statistics (1)
- spatial-nunmerical association (1)
- spatiotemporal resurvey data (1)
- speciation (1)
- species interaction network (1)
- species radiation (1)
- species richness (1)
- specificity factor (1)
- spectroelectrochemistry (1)
- spectroscopic ellipsometry (1)
- speech pathology (1)
- speech perception (1)
- speed (1)
- sphingolipids (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) (1)
- spider mites (1)
- spray imaging (1)
- stability (1)
- stable carbon (1)
- stable isotopes (1)
- stable limit cycle (1)
- stable nitrogen (1)
- staff turnover (1)
- standard (1)
- stars: emission-line, Be (1)
- stars: individual (Delta Ori) (1)
- stars: individual (QV Nor, 4U1538+52) (1)
- stars: individual (WR 6) (1)
- stars: individual (delta Ori A) (1)
- stars: individual (gamma Cassiopeiae) (1)
- stars: individual: 1FGL J1018.6-5856 (1)
- stars: individual: CPD-28 degrees 2561 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 23478 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 345439 (1)
- stars: individual: HD 54879 (1)
- stars: individual: Vega (1)
- stars: individual: X1908+075 (1)
- stars: individual: beta CMa (1)
- stars: individual: epsilon CMa (1)
- stars: low-mass (1)
- stars: luminosity function, mass function (1)
- stars: oscillations (1)
- stars: rotation (1)
- stars: statistics (1)
- stars: variables: RR Lyrae (1)
- stars: winds (1)
- starspots (1)
- static stress change (1)
- statistical model selection (1)
- stem cell (1)
- stemflow (1)
- stent coatings (1)
- steppe soils (1)
- stimuli-sensitive polymers (1)
- stochastic Marcus (canonical) differential equation (1)
- stochastic thermodynamics (1)
- storage cost (1)
- streamflow (1)
- strength (1)
- stress adaptation (1)
- stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- structural health monitoring (1)
- student survey (1)
- subcutaneous adipose tissue (1)
- submarine permafrost (1)
- sufficiency (1)
- sugar amino acids (1)
- supervisor support (1)
- surface functionalization (1)
- surface plasmon resonance (1)
- surface processes (1)
- surface relief grating (1)
- surface water levels (1)
- surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy (1)
- surface-initiated photopolymerization (1)
- surfactants (1)
- surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR) (1)
- surveys (1)
- survival (1)
- suspended sediments (1)
- switzerland (1)
- syntactic parsing (1)
- syntactic processing of noncanonical sentences (1)
- synthesis (1)
- systemic response (1)
- tRNA (1)
- tabular mining (1)
- tail-length (1)
- target (1)
- target environment (1)
- target range (1)
- task conflict (1)
- teaching experience (1)
- team member alignment (1)
- team support (1)
- technical advance (1)
- techniques: image processing (1)
- technology (1)
- tectonic reconstruction (1)
- tele-teaching (1)
- tendinopathy (1)
- terpenoids (1)
- terrain map (1)
- terrestrial ecosystems (1)
- tetrapyrroles (1)
- therapy volume (1)
- thermal-convection (1)
- thermo-acoustic ultrasound emitter (1)
- thermochemical modeling (1)
- thermoresponsive (1)
- thermoresponsive polymers (1)
- thermoresponsive substrates (1)
- theticity (1)
- thiol (1)
- thiophene (1)
- three-tier approach (1)
- thrust tectonics (1)
- time series (1)
- time-series (1)
- tin-rich ITO (1)
- tipping point (1)
- tissue-specific (1)
- tolerance index (1)
- topic (1)
- torsion forms (1)
- tracing (1)
- traditional expectations (1)
- transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transducer (1)
- transfer function (1)
- transgenerational plasticity (1)
- transition radiation (1)
- translation (1)
- translational control (1)
- transthyretin (TTR) (1)
- trapped surfaces (1)
- travel time distribution (1)
- treeline (1)
- trend analysis (1)
- trend detection (1)
- triggered earthquake (1)
- tropical lowland rainforest (1)
- tsunami (1)
- tumor-metastasis (1)
- turbulence (1)
- two-photon (1)
- two-photon absorption (1)
- type 2 diabetes mellitus (1)
- type-III effector (1)
- ultrasonography (1)
- ultrasound (1)
- underplating (1)
- universal quantifiers (1)
- user interaction (1)
- variational stability (1)
- vascularization (1)
- vegetation (1)
- vegetation expansion (1)
- versican (1)
- very low-low-grade metamorphism (1)
- vesicles (1)
- vibration monitoring (1)
- victim (1)
- victimization (1)
- video annotation (1)
- video games (1)
- violence (1)
- viscoelasticity and memory effects (1)
- visions of democracy (1)
- visual attention (1)
- visual culture (1)
- vitamin A deficiency (1)
- volcanic island (1)
- voting (1)
- warning sign (1)
- water quality (1)
- water stress (1)
- water/decane contact angle (1)
- waves and tides (1)
- wetlands (1)
- white adipose tissue (1)
- white dwarfs (1)
- witnessing (1)
- wood harvest (1)
- word order (1)
- work values (1)
- working memory (1)
- yolk@shell materials (1)
- young genes (1)
- young people (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zinc/iron supplementation (1)
- zircon fission tracks (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (238)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (227)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (187)
- Institut für Chemie (173)
- Department Psychologie (78)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (66)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (60)
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (53)
- Department Linguistik (47)
- Institut für Mathematik (47)
新型糖氨基酸类化合物的合成研究
(2015)
Sugar amino acids (SAAs) are carbohydrate derivatives bearing both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. SAAs represent an important class of multifunctional building blocks, which are amenable to serve as glycomimetics or peptidomimetics with well-defined structures and useful properties. Because SAAs exist in nature in many forms with various biological activities, recently, many unnatural SAAs, as the demand for finding new molecules to discover new drugs and new materials, have been designed and synthesized by a number of research groups. In this paper, we have developed a convenient method for the synthesis of novel SAAs gluco-7 and galacto-7 for the first time. The structure of gluco-7 was similar to the natural SAA glucosaminuronic acid that was a component of many typical bacterial cell walls and could be used for the preparation of type D flu vaccine; while galacto-7 was similar to the natural SAA galactosaminuronic acid that was one of bacterial Vi-antigen components of Escherichia coli. Starting from unexpensive and commercially available 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal and 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal, two novel SAAs gluco-7 and galacto-7 were achieved in the linear 6 steps with 34% overall yield and 19% overall yield, respectively. The key reactions included radical addition, decarboxylation, iodine generation reaction, azide reaction and reductive amination reaction. The crucial step was the synthesis of the target compound gluco-7 from gluco-6. By using method A, the target compound gluco-7 was obtained in 4 steps with 63% overall yield. To optimize the transformation from gluco-6 to gluco-7, method B was developed to generate gluco-7 by using one-pot reaction successfully with 76% yield only in one step. It proved that method B was superior to method A with shorter steps and higher yields. All the new compounds were characterized by IR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR and HRMS data. Study on the synthesis and biological evaluation of linear and cyclic oligomers derived from gluco-7 and galacto-7 are currently in progress.
Übungen im Privatrecht
(2015)
Das vorliegende zweite Übungsbuch innerhalb der dreibändigen Reihe „Übungen im Privatrecht“ verfolgt wie der erste Band das Ziel, dem Studienanfänger sowohl des Jura-Studiums als auch anderer Fachrichtungen mit wirtschaftsprivatrechtlichem Profil die Methodik der Fallbearbeitung verständlich zu machen
Überlegene Geschäftsmodelle
(2015)
Zwischen Schah und Khomeini
(2015)
1978/79 fegte eine Revolution das Regime von Schah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi im Iran hinweg - eine islamische Revolution, an deren Ende ein Gottesstaat unter Führung der Geistlichkeit stand, mit Ayatollah Khomeini an der Spitze. Die Bundesregierung unter Kanzler Helmut Schmidt und Außenminister Hans-Dietrich Genscher befand sich in einer Zwickmühle: Einerseits war der Iran ein wichtiger Erdöllieferant und Handelspartner, andererseits verstörte die Gewalt gegen politische Gegner und Vertreter der westlichen Staatengemeinschaft, die in der Besetzung der amerikanischen Botschaft in Teheran gipfelte. Frank Bösch zeigt auf der Basis neuer Quellen, wie die Bundesregierung auf die islamische Revolution reagierte, zwischen interessengeleitetem Pragmatismus und außenpolitisch gebotener Bündnistreue zu den USA lavierte und so hinter den Kulissen als Vermittler zwischen Teheran und Washington fungieren konnte.
Zweimal Kyros
(2015)
«Kyros» taucht als Fürstenname dreimal in der Überlieferung des Perserreiches auf. Der Historiker Xenophon von Athen (427–ca. 355 v. Chr.) hat in seinen Schriften über zwei Träger dieses Namens berichtet und sie durchaus unterschiedlich bewertet: Kyros II. («der Große»), Mehrer des Reiches, sowie ein Jahrhundert später Kyros, Sohn des Dareios und jüngerer Bruder des Perserkönigs Artaxerxes II. Der ältere Kyros ist namengebender Protagonist eines Fürstenspiegels (der Kyropädie), wird also grundsätzlich positiv und als ein Vorbild für andere dargestellt. Am erfolglosen Kampf des jüngeren Kyros um die Krone des Perserreichs hatte Xenophon als Offizier griechischer Söldner selbst teilgenommen. Aus dem Vergleich von Darstellung und Bewertung der beiden Fürsten lassen sich die Ansprüche Xenophons an einen idealen Herrscher ableiten, was hier unternommen werden soll. Zugleich ermöglichen diese Ergebnisse, Xenophon als Historiker und politischen Denker in der zeitgenössischen Debatte um die beste Staatsform einzubetten.
Zum Geleit
(2015)
An approach is presented to modify the work function of solution-processed sol-gel derived zinc oxide (ZnO) over an exceptionally wide range of more than 2.3 eV. This approach relies on the formation of dense and homogeneous self-assembled monolayers based on phosphonic acids with different dipole moments. This allows us to apply ZnO as charge selective bottom electrodes in either regular or inverted solar cell structures, using poly(3-hexylthiophene): phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester as the active layer. These devices compete with or even surpass the performance of the reference on indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate. Our findings highlight the potential of properly modified ZnO as electron or hole extracting electrodes in hybrid optoelectronic devices. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
Das Potsdamer Modell der Entrepreneurship Education
Die Entrepreneurship Education in Deutschland ist ein vergleichsweise junges und damit noch ein nicht übergreifend etabliertes Fachgebiet. In diesem Buch wird in Theorie und Praxis ein Konzept der Entrepreneurship Education für Hochschulen vorgestellt, das basierend auf etablierten Konzepten der Gründungslehre innovativ und zukunftsorientiert für und mit allen Beteiligten arbeitet. Im praktischen Teil erhält der Leser eine erstmalige Übersicht von 117 Lehrangeboten der Universität Potsdam im Bereich Entrepreneurship Education.
Das Modell der Entrepreneurship Education an der Universität Potsdam kann anderen Hochschulen Anregungen geben, ihre eigenen Gründungsaktivitäten und -angebote ebenfalls in einem kohärenten pädagogischen Rahmen zu bündeln und durch die damit erworbene Transparenz ihren Erfolg nachhaltig zu sichern.
In diesem Sinne ist dieses Buch ein Inspirationen gebender Leitfaden für alle, die sich mit dem Thema Gründungslehre und -beratung befassen.
Young Genes out of the Male: An Insight from Evolutionary Age Analysis of the Pollen Transcriptome
(2015)
The birth of new genes in genomes is an important evolutionary event. Several studies reveal that new genes in animals tend to be preferentially expressed in male reproductive tissues such as testis (Betran et al., 2002; Begun et al., 2007; Dubruille et al., 2012), and thus an "out of testis' hypothesis for the emergence of new genes has been proposed (Vinckenbosch et al., 2006; Kaessmann, 2010). However, such phenomena have not been examined in plant species. Here, by employing a phylostratigraphic method, we dated the origin of protein-coding genes in rice and Arabidopsis thaliana and observed a number of young genes in both species. These young genes tend to encode short extracellular proteins, which may be involved in rapid evolving processes, such as reproductive barriers, species specification, and antimicrobial processes. Further analysis of transcriptome age indexes across different tissues revealed that male reproductive cells express a phylogenetically younger transcriptome than other plant tissues. Compared with sporophytic tissues, the young transcriptomes of the male gametophyte displayed greater complexity and diversity, which included a higher ratio of anti-sense and inter-genic transcripts, reflecting a pervasive transcription state that facilitated the emergence of new genes. Here, we propose that pollen may act as an "innovation incubator' for the birth of de novo genes. With cases of male-biased expression of young genes reported in animals, the "new genes out of the male' model revealed a common evolutionary force that drives reproductive barriers, species specification, and the upgrading of defensive mechanisms against pathogens.
The structure of bulk liquid water was recently probed by x-ray scattering below the temperature limit of homogeneous nucleation (T-H) of similar to 232 K [J. A. Sellberg et al., Nature 510, 381-384 (2014)]. Here, we utilize a similar approach to study the structure of bulk liquid water below T-H using oxygen K-edge x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). Based on previous XES experiments [T. Tokushima et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 460, 387-400 (2008)] at higher temperatures, we expected the ratio of the 1b(1)' and 1b(1)" peaks associated with the lone-pair orbital in water to change strongly upon deep supercooling as the coordination of the hydrogen (H-) bonds becomes tetrahedral. In contrast, we observed only minor changes in the lone-pair spectral region, challenging an interpretation in terms of two interconverting species. A number of alternative hypotheses to explain the results are put forward and discussed. Although the spectra can be explained by various contributions from these hypotheses, we here emphasize the interpretation that the line shape of each component changes dramatically when approaching lower temperatures, where, in particular, the peak assigned to the proposed disordered component would become more symmetrical as vibrational interference becomes more important. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
There is a wealth of evidence showing that increasing the distance between an argument and its head leads to more processing effort, namely, locality effects: these are usually associated with constraints in working memory (DLT: Gibson, 2000: activation-based model: Lewis and Vasishth, 2005). In SOV languages, however, the opposite effect has been found: antilocality (see discussion in Levy et al., 2013). Antilocality effects can be explained by the expectation based approach as proposed by Levy (2008) or by the activation-based model of sentence processing as proposed by Lewis and Vasishth (2005). We report an eye-tracking and a self-paced reading study with sentences in Spanish together with measures of individual differences to examine the distinction between expectation- and memory based accounts, and within memory-based accounts the further distinction between DLT and the activation-based model. The experiments show that (i) antilocality effects as predicted by the expectation account appear only for high-capacity readers; (ii) increasing dependency length by interposing material that modifies the head of the dependency (the verb) produces stronger facilitation than increasing dependency length with material that does not modify the head; this is in agreement with the activation-based model but not with the expectation account; and (iii) a possible outcome of memory load on low-capacity readers is the increase in regressive saccades (locality effects as predicted by memory-based accounts) or, surprisingly, a speedup in the self-paced reading task; the latter consistent with good-enough parsing (Ferreira et al., 2002). In sum, the study suggests that individual differences in working memory capacity play a role in dependency resolution, and that some of the aspects of dependency resolution can be best explained with the activation-based model together with a prediction component.
There is a wealth of evidence showing that increasing the distance between an argument and its head leads to more processing effort, namely, locality effects; these are usually associated with constraints in working memory (DLT: Gibson, 2000; activation-based model: Lewis and Vasishth, 2005). In SOV languages, however, the opposite effect has been found: antilocality (see discussion in Levy et al., 2013). Antilocality effects can be explained by the expectation-based approach as proposed by Levy (2008) or by the activation-based model of sentence processing as proposed by Lewis and Vasishth (2005). We report an eye-tracking and a self-paced reading study with sentences in Spanish together with measures of individual differences to examine the distinction between expectation- and memory-based accounts, and within memory-based accounts the further distinction between DLT and the activation-based model. The experiments show that (i) antilocality effects as predicted by the expectation account appear only for high-capacity readers; (ii) increasing dependency length by interposing material that modifies the head of the dependency (the verb) produces stronger facilitation than increasing dependency length with material that does not modify the head; this is in agreement with the activation-based model but not with the expectation account; and (iii) a possible outcome of memory load on low-capacity readers is the increase in regressive saccades (locality effects as predicted by memory-based accounts) or, surprisingly, a speedup in the self-paced reading task; the latter consistent with good-enough parsing (Ferreira et al., 2002). In sum, the study suggests that individual differences in working memory capacity play a role in dependency resolution, and that some of the aspects of dependency resolution can be best explained with the activation-based model together with a prediction component.
Verfügbare Allianz- und Nationallizenzen können eine Open-Access-Komponente beinhalten. Diese räumen den autorisierten Autoren oder Einrichtungen bestimmte Open-Access-Rechte zur Zweitveröffentlichung ein. Vorhandene Lizenzrechte zur Realisierung des Grünen Weges können somit zukünftig verstärkt genutzt werden. Dabei kann die Bibliothek eine aktive Rolle einnehmen. Präsentiert wird ein Workflow, der sich an der Checkliste für Repository-Manager orientiert. Sieben herausgearbeitete Schritte werden genannt und näher erläutert. An Beispielen wurde der Workflow getestet. Die Ergebnisse werden ebenfalls vorgestellt. Die Erweiterung des Workflows zur Identifizierung von Publikationen für die Zweitveröffentlichung lässt sich ggf. auch auf Creative-Commons-Lizenzen anwenden bzw. auf Zeitschriften, die keine Open-Access-Komponente haben.
Context. Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars have a severe impact on their environments owing to their strong ionizing radiation fields and powerful stellar winds. Since these winds are considered to be driven by radiation pressure, it is theoretically expected that the degree of the wind mass-loss depends on the initial metallicity of WR stars.
Aims. Following our comprehensive studies of WR stars in the Milky Way, M31, and the LMC, we derive stellar parameters and mass-loss rates for all seven putatively single WN stars known in the SMC. Based on these data, we discuss the impact of a low-metallicity environment on the mass loss and evolution of WR stars.
Methods. The quantitative analysis of the WN stars is performed with the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmosphere code. The physical properties of our program stars are obtained from fitting synthetic spectra to multi-band observations.
Results. In all SMC WN stars, a considerable surface hydrogen abundance is detectable. The majority of these objects have stellar temperatures exceeding 75 kK, while their luminosities range from 10(5.5) to 10(6.1) L-circle dot. The WN stars in the SMC exhibit on average lower mass-loss rates and weaker winds than their counterparts in the Milky Way, M31, and the LMC.
Conclusions. By comparing the mass-loss rates derived for WN stars in different Local Group galaxies, we conclude that a clear dependence of the wind mass-loss on the initial metallicity is evident, supporting the current paradigm that WR winds are driven by radiation. A metallicity effect on the evolution of massive stars is obvious from the HRD positions of the SMC WN stars at high temperatures and high luminosities. Standard evolution tracks are not able to reproduce these parameters and the observed surface hydrogen abundances. Homogeneous evolution might provide a better explanation for their evolutionary past.
Wir sind eine IdeenUni
(2015)
Germany experienced a unique rise in the level of self-employment in the first two decades following unification. Applying the nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, we find that the main factors driving these changes in the overall level of self-employment are demographic developments, the shift towards service sector employment and a larger share of population holding a tertiary degree. While these factors explain most of the development in self-employment with employees and the overall level of self-employment in West Germany, their explanatory power is much lower for the stronger increase in solo self-employment and in self-employment in former socialist East Germany.
Co-doping of the MOF 3∞[Zn(2-methylimidazolate-4-amide-5-imidate)] (IFP-1 = Imidazolate Framework Potsdam-1) with luminescent Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions presents an approach to utilize the porosity of the MOF for the intercalation of luminescence centers and for tuning of the chromaticity to the emission of white light of the quality of a three color emitter. Organic based fluorescence processes of the MOF backbone as well as metal based luminescence of the dopants are combined to one homogenous single source emitter while retaining the MOF's porosity. The lanthanide ions Eu3+ and Tb3+ were doped in situ into IFP-1 upon formation of the MOF by intercalation into the micropores of the growing framework without a structure directing effect. Furthermore, the color point is temperature sensitive, so that a cold white light with a higher blue content is observed at 77 K and a warmer white light at room temperature (RT) due to the reduction of the organic emission at higher temperatures. The study further illustrates the dependence of the amount of luminescent ions on porosity and sorption properties of the MOF and proves the intercalation of luminescence centers into the pore system by low-temperature site selective photoluminescence spectroscopy, SEM and EDX. It also covers an investigation of the border of homogenous uptake within the MOF pores and the formation of secondary phases of lanthanide formates on the surface of the MOF. Crossing the border from a homogenous co-doping to a two-phase composite system can be beneficially used to adjust the character and warmth of the white light. This study also describes two-color emitters of the formula Ln@IFP-1a–d (Ln: Eu, Tb) by doping with just one lanthanide Eu3+ or Tb3+.
How is reading development reflected in eye-movement measures? How does the perceptual span change during the initial years of reading instruction? Does parafoveal processing require competence in basic word-decoding processes? We report data from the first cross-sectional measurement of the perceptual span of German beginning readers (n = 139), collected in the context of the large longitudinal PIER (Potsdamer Intrapersonale Entwicklungsrisiken/Potsdam study of intra-personal developmental risk factors) study of intrapersonal developmental risk factors. Using the moving-window paradigm, eye movements of three groups of students (Grades 1-3) were measured with gaze-contingent presentation of a variable amount of text around fixation. Reading rate increased from Grades 1-3, with smaller increases for higher grades. Perceptual-span results showed the expected main effects of grade and window size: fixation durations and refixation probability decreased with grade and window size, whereas reading rate and saccade length increased. Critically, for reading rate, first-fixation duration, saccade length and refixation probability, there were significant interactions of grade and window size that were mainly based on the contrast between Grades 3 and 2 rather than Grades 2 and 1. Taken together, development of the perceptual span only really takes off between Grades 2 and 3, suggesting that efficient parafoveal processing presupposes that basic processes of reading have been mastered.
When local poverty is more important than your income: Mental health in minorities in inner cities
(2015)
The Paleogene latitude of the Lhasa terrane (southern Tibet) can constrain the age of the onset of the India-Asia collision. Estimates for this latitude, however, vary from 5 degrees N to 30 degrees N, and thus, here, we reassess the geochronology and paleomagnetism of Paleogene volcanic rocks from the Linzizong Group in the Linzhou basin. The lower and upper parts of the section previously yielded particularly conflicting ages and paleolatitudes. We report consistent Ar-40/Ar-39 and U-Pb zircon dates of similar to 52Ma for the upper Linzizong, and Ar-40/Ar-39 dates (similar to 51Ma) from the lower Linzizong are significantly younger than U-Pb zircon dates (64-63Ma), suggesting that the lower Linzizong was thermally and/or chemically reset. Paleomagnetic results from 24 sites in lower Linzizong confirm a low apparent paleolatitude of similar to 5 degrees N, compared to the upper part (similar to 20 degrees N) and to underlying Cretaceous strata (similar to 20 degrees N). Detailed rock magnetic analyses, end-member modeling of magnetic components, and petrography from the lower and upper Linzizong indicate widespread secondary hematite in the lower Linzizong, whereas hematite is rare in upper Linzizong. Volcanic rocks of the lower Linzizong have been hydrothermally chemically remagnetized, whereas the upper Linzizong retains a primary remanence. We suggest that remagnetization was induced by acquisition of chemical and thermoviscous remanent magnetizations such that the shallow inclinations are an artifact of a tilt correction applied to a secondary remanence in lower Linzizong. We estimate that the Paleogene latitude of Lhasa terrane was 204 degrees N, consistent with previous results suggesting that India-Asia collision likely took place by similar to 52Ma at similar to 20 degrees N.
With less than two decades of activity, research on melt inclusions (MI) in crystals from rocks that have undergone crustal anatexis - migmatites and granulites - is a recent addition to crustal petrology and geochemistry. Studies on this subject started with glassy inclusions in anatectic crustal enclaves in lavas, and then progressed to regionally metamorphosed and partially melted crustal rocks, where melt inclusions are normally crystallized into a cryptocrystalline aggregate (nanogranitoid).
Since the first paper on melt inclusions in the granulites of the Kerala Khondalite Belt in 2009, reported and studied occurrences are already a few tens. Melt inclusions in migmatites and granulites show many analogies with their more common and long studied counterparts in igneous rocks, but also display very important differences and peculiarities, which are the subject of this review. Microstructurally, melt inclusions in anatectic rocks are small, commonly 10 mu m in diameter, and their main mineral host is peritectic garnet, although several other hosts have been observed. Inclusion contents vary from glass in enclaves that were cooled very rapidly from supersolidus temperatures, to completely crystallized material in slowly cooled regional migmatites. The chemical composition of the inclusions can be analyzed combining several techniques (SEM, EMP, NanoSIMS, LA-ICP-MS), but in the case of crystallized inclusions the experimental remelting under confining pressure in a piston cylinder is a prerequisite. The melt is generally granitic and peraluminous, although granodioritic to trondhjemitic compositions have also been found.
Being mostly primary in origin, inclusions attest for the growth of their peritectic host in the presence of melt. As a consequence, the inclusions have the unique ability of preserving information on the composition of primary anatectic crustal melts, before they undergo any of the common following changes in their way to produce crustal magmas. For these peculiar features, melt inclusions in migmatites and granulites, largely overlooked so far, have the potential to become a fundamental tool for the study of crustal melting, crustal differentiation, and even the generation of the continental crust. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Rezensiertes Werk: Wendy Ayres-Bennett; Magali Seijido: Bon usage et variation sociolinguistique. Perspectives diachroniques et traditions nationales, Lyon: École normale supérieure de Lyon 2013, 338 S.
Die Debatte geht weiter: Gab es 1930/31 ernst zu nehmende Kreditangebote der französischen Regierung an das Deutsche Reich? Versäumte es die Reichsregierung unter Kanzler Heinrich Brüning aus politisch- revisionistischem Kalkül heraus bewusst, diese Angebote auszuloten? War die eiserne Sparpolitik der ersten beiden Präsidialkabinette also nicht die alternativlose Konsequenz ökonomischer Zwänge, sondern die logische Folge davon unabhängiger außen- und gesellschaftspolitischer Prämissen? Paul Köppen, der diese Debatte im Juli 2014 in den Vierteljahrsheften für Zeitgeschichte eröffnet hat, antwortet seinen Kritikern, präzisiert seine Argumentation und stellt seine Thesen in den weiteren Kontext der aktuellen Diskussion um die Chancen und Belastungen der Zeit zwischen den Weltkriegen.
In cultures of unicellular algae, features of single cells, such as cellular volume and starch content, are thought to be the result of carefully balanced growth and division processes. Single-cell analyses of synchronized photoautotrophic cultures of the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reveal, however, that the cellular volume and starch content are only weakly correlated. Likewise, other cell parameters, e.g., the chlorophyll content per cell, are only weakly correlated with cell size. We derive the cell size distributions at the beginning of each synchronization cycle considering growth, timing of cell division and daughter cell release, and the uneven division of cell volume. Furthermore, we investigate the link between cell volume growth and starch accumulation. This work presents evidence that, under the experimental conditions of light-dark synchronized cultures, the weak correlation between both cell features is a result of a cumulative process rather than due to asymmetric partition of biomolecules during cell division. This cumulative process necessarily limits cellular similarities within a synchronized cell population.
Wasser für Arkadien
(2015)
Warum Religion?
(2015)
Die meisten Religionen versprechen ein Leben nachdem Tod, in dem es glücklicher oder gerechter oder sonst wie besser zugehen soll als auf der Erde. Wie schön wäre es, wenn wir wirklich auf ein ewiges Leben in der Gegenwart Gottes oder auf ein neues Leben in einem unverbrauchten Körper hoffen könnten! Wir könnten gelassener mit irdischem Scheitern umgehen und eher loslassen, wenn wir sicher sein könnten, dass alles, was uns hier widerfährt, nur ein Übergang in eine bessere Existenz ist. Aber lenken die Religionen mit solchen Versprechungen nicht nur von irdischen Missständen ab? Mit solchen Argumenten sind die Religionen als Opium des Volkes in Sippenhaft genommen worden. Jenseits dessen stellt sich das Problem des szientistischen Zweifels. Wie soll mich eine religiöse Überzeugung durch mein Leben tragen, wenn die Überzeugung nicht überzeugend ist? Ist es wirklich glaubwürdig, dass Jesus von Nazareth nach drei Tagen im Grab wieder auferstanden sein soll? Wenn ich das nicht glauben kann, kann ich auch nicht an meine eigene Auferstehung glauben. Wohl kaum eine andere Religionsphilosophie stellt eine so enge Beziehung zwischen religiösem Glauben und irdischem Wohlergehen her wie die des amerikanischen Pragmatismus: Bei William James heißt es ausdrücklich, dass ein religiöser Glaube das Leben »leicht und glücklich« machen könne. Und kaum eine Religionsphilosophie benennt so deutlich das Problem des szientistischen Zweifels. Im ersten Teil des Buches, Religion, pragmatisch betrachtet, befassen sich Johannes Ev. Hafner, Christian Thies und Christoph Türcke mit der Funktion von Religion in unserer Gesellschaft und in unseren konkreten Lebensvollzügen. Im zweiten Teil stellen Michael Blume, Matthias Jung, Ludwig Nagl und Marie-Luise Raters Positionen der pragmatistischen Religionsphilosophie auf den Prüfstand.
Climate change will alter the forces of predation and competition in temperate ectotherm food webs. This may increase local extinction rates, change the fate of invasions and impede species reintroductions into communities. Invasion success could be modulated by traits (e.g., defenses) and adaptations to climate. We studied how different temperatures affect the time until extinction of species, using bitrophic and tritrophic planktonic food webs to evaluate the relative importance of predatory overexploitation and competitive exclusion, at 15 and 25 A degrees C. In addition, we tested how inclusion of a subtropical as opposed to a temperate strain in this model food web affects times until extinction. Further, we studied the invasion success of the temperate rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus into the planktonic food web at 15 and 25 A degrees C on five consecutive introduction dates, during which the relative forces of predation and competition differed. A higher temperature dramatically shortened times until extinction of all herbivore species due to carnivorous overexploitation in tritrophic systems. Surprisingly, warming did not increase rates of competitive exclusion among the tested herbivore species in bitrophic communities. Including a subtropical herbivore strain reduced top-down control by the carnivore at high temperature. Invasion attempts of temperate B. calyciflorus into the food web always succeeded at 15 A degrees C, but consistently failed at 25 A degrees C due to voracious overexploitation by the carnivore. Pre-induction of defenses (spines) in B. calyciflorus before the invasion attempt did not change its invasion success at the high temperature. We conclude that high temperatures may promote local extinctions in temperate ectotherms and reduce their chances of successful recovery.
Friedhelm Hufen ist geboren im letzten Kriegswinter in Winterberg, im Sauerland, aufgewachsen ist er in Leverkusen und Münster. Studiert hat er in Münster,
Freiburg und Princeton. Insbesondere der Aufenthalt in den Vereinigten Staaten hat durch die damalige Rechtsprechung des Supreme Courts und die Erfahrung des melting pot sein Freiheits- und Verfahrensverständnis nachhaltig geprägt. Den
größten Einfluss auf Friedhelm Hufen aber hatten seine akademischen Lehrer:
Hans-Peter Schneider, der seine Habilitation in Hannover betreut hat, sowie vor allem sein Freiburger Doktorvater Konrad Hesse. Das politische, realitätsbezogene und integrative Verfassungsverständnis hat hier seinen Ursprung und findet sich
sowohl in der Dissertation zum Thema Gleichheitssatz und Bildungsplanung als auch in der Habilitationsschrift zur Freiheit der Kunst in staatlichen Institutionen.
Friedhelm Hufen denkt nicht vom Staat, sondern von der Verfassung her. Das Grundgesetz hat elementare Bedeutung für sein Rechtsverständnis und seine Sicht auf die Wissenschaften vom Recht. Die Verfassung ist für ihn nicht allein eine
Rechtsnorm, sondern sie ist der Gesamtzustand eines politischen Gemeinwesens, das sich mit der Verfassung zugleich ein Gesetz dafür gegeben hat, wie das Zusammenleben der Menschen organisiert sein soll. Denken von der Verfassung her bedeutet für Friedhelm Hufen wiederum Denken von der Freiheit her. Freiheit
und Verantwortung sind für ihn zwei Seiten einer Medaille. Seine Abschiedsvorlesung in Mainz war dem Motto Selbst Denken; gewidmet. Das Kantsche Diktum "sapere aude" stand dabei Pate. Weil ihm Freiheit so wichtig ist, bevorzugt Friedhelm Hufen staatliche Organisationsstrukturen, die eine möglichst große Gewähr für Freiheit und Pluralismus bieten: den Bundesstaat und alle Formen der Selbstverwaltung.
Von der Kriegsskepsis zum Epochenräsonnement Versöhnungsideen in Goethes Säkulardichtung um 1800
(2015)
Volksschädlinge vor Gericht
(2015)
Deutschland, September 1939. Der Zweite Weltkrieg hat gerade begonnen, die Kriegsmoral der deutschen Bevölkerung musste unter allen Umständen aufrechterhalten werden. Um ein Abklingen wie im Ersten Weltkrieg durch Aushungern zu vermeiden, musste die Versorgung der Bevölkerung mit Lebensmitteln und anderen lebenswichtigen Dingen stets gewährleistet sein.Jana Nüchterlein analysiert die am 5. September 1939 initiierte Volksschädlingsverordnung, nach der jeder, der die Verteilung verknappter und bezugsscheinpflichtiger Waren gefährdete, schwer bestraft werden sollte. Sie zeigt, dass mit der Verordnung vorrangig Ziele wie Abschreckung und Vertrauen der Bevölkerung in die Justiz (und damit in das System) erreicht werden sollten, und wie letztendlich – durch weitgefasste Tatbestände, scharfe Strafandrohungen und weit gespannte Strafrahmen – selbst die Gewährleistung der Durchführung kriegswirtschaftlicher Maßnahmen und die Unterbindung sämtlicher Formen der Sabotage zum Ziel wurden.
Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is facing a double burden of malnutrition: vitamin A deficiency (VAD) prevails, whereas the nutrition-related chronic conditions type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension are emerging. Serum retinol a VAD marker increases in kidney disease and decreases in inflammation, which can partly be attributed to alterations in the vitamin A transport proteins retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and prealbumin. Kidney dysfunction and inflammation commonly accompany T2D and hypertension.
Objective: Among urban Ghanaians, we investigated the associations of T2D and hypertension with serum retinol as well as the importance of kidney function and inflammation in this regard.
Design: A hospital-based, case-control study in individuals for risk factors of T2D, hypertension, or both was conducted in Kumasi, Ghana (328 controls, 197 with T2D, 354 with hypertension, and 340 with T2D plus hypertension). In 1219 blood samples, serum retinol, RBP4, and prealbumin were measured. Urinary albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) defined kidney function. C-reactive protein (CRP) >5 mg/L indicated inflammation. We identified associations of T2D and hypertension with retinol by linear regression and calculated the contribution of RBP4, prealbumin, urinary albumin, eGFR, and CRP to these associations as the percentages of the explained variance of retinol.
Results: VAD (retinol <1.05 mu mol/L) was present in 10% of this predominantly female, middle-aged, overweight, and deprived population. Hypertension, but not T2D, was positively associated with retinol (beta: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.08, 0,17), adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic factors, anthropometric measurements, and lifestyle. In addition to RBP4 (72%) and prealbumin (22%), the effect of increased retinol on individuals with hypertension was mainly attributed to impaired kidney function (eGFR: 30%; urinary albumin: 5%) but not to inflammation.
Conclusions: In patients with hypertension, VAD might be underestimated because of increased serum retinol in the context of kidney dysfunction. Thus, the interpretation of serum retinol in sub-Saharan Africa should account for hypertension status.
This study investigates the effect of foveal load (i.e., processing difficulty of currently fixated words) on parafoveal information processing. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that high foveal load leads to reduced parafoveal processing efficiency, results of the present study showed that increasing foveal visual (but not linguistic) processing load actually increased the amount of parafoveal information acquired, presumably due to the fact that longer fixation duration on the pretarget word provided more time for parafoveal processing of the target word. It is therefore proposed in the present study that foveal linguistic processing load is not the only factor that determines parafoveal processing; preview time (afforded by foveal word visual processing load) may jointly influence parafoveal processing. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Literatur und Malerei sind im Frankreich des 19. Jahrhunderts aufs Engste miteinander verknüpft. Sie bringen ein geradezu unerschöpfliches Arsenal an malenden Dichtern beziehungsweise dichtenden Malern hervor. Wie lässt sich dieser reiche Bestand fruchtbar machen für die jüngsten theoretischen Studien der vielzitierten „Wende zum Bild“? Und umgekehrt: Welche neuen Lesarten gewinnen diese sowohl literarischen als auch künstlerischen Primärmaterialien im Fokus der aktuellen theoretischen Arbeiten?
Vor dem Hintergrund des gegenwärtig transdisziplinär diskutierten iconic turn, aber auch ausgehend von Studien zum konkreten Zusammenspiel von Text- und Bildmedium, fragt dieser Band nach dem Potential der Interferenz von Visualisierungs-, Visibilisierungs- und Verschriftlichungsstrategien im Frankreich des 19. Jahrhunderts. Er widmet sich Fragen der Repräsentation, des Bildens und des Bildes und versteht sich als Beitrag zu einer bildwissenschaftlich informierten Literaturund Kulturwissenschaft.
It is well established in language acquisition research that monolingual children and adult second language learners misinterpret sentences with the universal quantifier every and make quantifier-spreading errors that are attributed to a preference for a match in number between two sets of objects. The present Visual World eye-tracking study tested bilingual heritage Russian-English adults and investigated how they interpret of sentences like Every alligator lies in a bathtub in both languages. Participants performed a sentence-picture verification task while their eye movements were recorded. Pictures showed three pairs of alligators in bathtubs and two extra objects: elephants (Control condition), bathtubs (Overexhaustive condition), or alligators (Underexhaustive condition). Monolingual adults performed at ceiling in all conditions. Heritage language (HL) adults made 20% q-spreading errors, but only in the Overexhaustive condition, and when they made an error they spent more time looking at the two extra bathtubs during the Verb region. We attribute q-spreading in HL speakers to cognitive overload caused by the necessity to integrate conflicting sources of information, i.e. the spoken sentences in their weaker, heritage, language and attention-demanding visual context, that differed with respect to referential salience.
Virtuelles Hausrecht?
(2015)
Webpräsenzen bilden bislang keinen eigens anerkannten Schutzgegenstand unserer Rechtsordnung. Um diese vermeintliche Schutzlücke zu schließen, wurde das virtuelle Hausrecht herangezogen. In einer Parallele zum Hausrechtsinhaber in der physischen Welt soll dem Webpräsenzbetreiber ein originäres Schutzrecht gegenüber den Nutzern seiner Webpräsenz in Form eines virtuellen Hausrechts zur Verfügung stehen.Gabriella Piras erörtert mögliche dogmatische Begründungen für die Übertragung des im Sachenrecht verwurzelten Hausrechts auf den virtuellen Raum, die sie im Ergebnis ablehnt. Außerdem kritisiert sie, dass es einer Neuequilibrierung des Spannungsverhältnisses zwischen Webpräsenzbetreiber und Nutzern durch die Anerkennung eines virtuellen Hausrechts nicht bedarf, und dies vielmehr einen Versuch der Beschränkung der Internetfreiheit der Nutzer darstellt.
Violence
(2015)
Optical properties of modified diamondoids have been studied theoretically using vibrationally resolved electronic absorption, emission and resonance Raman spectra. A time-dependent correlation function approach has been used for electronic two-state models, comprising a ground state (g) and a bright, excited state (e), the latter determined from linear-response, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The harmonic and Condon approximations were adopted. In most cases origin shifts, frequency alteration and Duschinsky rotation in excited states were considered. For other cases where no excited state geometry optimization and normal mode analysis were possible or desired, a short-time approximation was used. The optical properties and spectra have been computed for (i) a set of recently synthesized sp(2)/sp(3) hybrid species with CQC double-bond connected saturated diamondoid subunits, (ii) functionalized (mostly by thiol or thione groups) diamondoids and (iii) urotropine and other C-substituted diamondoids. The ultimate goal is to tailor optical and electronic features of diamondoids by electronic blending, functionalization and substitution, based on a molecular-level understanding of the ongoing photophysics.
Optical properties of modified diamondoids have been studied theoretically using vibrationally resolved electronic absorption, emission and resonance Raman spectra. A time-dependent correlation function approach has been used for electronic two-state models, comprising a ground state (g) and a bright, excited state (e), the latter determined from linear-response, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The harmonic and Condon approximations were adopted. In most cases origin shifts, frequency alteration and Duschinsky rotation in excited states were considered. For other cases where no excited state geometry optimization and normal mode analysis were possible or desired, a short-time approximation was used. The optical properties and spectra have been computed for (i) a set of recently synthesized sp2/sp3 hybrid species with C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double-bond connected saturated diamondoid subunits, (ii) functionalized (mostly by thiol or thione groups) diamondoids and (iii) urotropine and other C-substituted diamondoids. The ultimate goal is to tailor optical and electronic features of diamondoids by electronic blending, functionalization and substitution, based on a molecular-level understanding of the ongoing photophysics.
We study the vertical extent of propeller structures in Saturn's rings (i) by extending the model of Spahn and Sremcevic (Spahn, F., Sremcevic, M. [2000]. Astron. Astrophys., 358, 368-372) to include the vertical direction and (ii) by performing N-body box simulations of a perturbing moonlet embedded into the rings. We find that the gravitational interaction of ring particles with a non-inclined moonlet does not induce considerable vertical excursions of ring particles, but causes a considerable thermal motion in the ring plane. We expect ring particle collisions to partly convert the lateral induced thermal motion into vertical excursions of ring particles in the course of a quasi-thermalization. The N-body box simulations lead to maximal propeller heights of about 0.6-0.8 Hill radii of the embedded perturbing moonlet. Moonlet sizes estimated by this relation are in good agreement with size estimates from radial propeller scalings for the propellers Bleriot and Earhart. For large propellers, the extended hydrodynamical propeller model predicts an exponential propeller height relaxation, confirmed by N-body box simulations of non-self gravitating ring particles. Exponential cooling constants, calculated from the hydrodynamical propeller model agree fairly well with values from fits to the tail of the azimuthal height decay of the N-body box simulations. From exponential cooling constants, determined from shadows cast by the propeller Earhart and imaged by the Cassini spacecraft, we estimate collision frequencies of about 6 collisions per particle per orbit in the propeller gap region and about 11 collisions per particle per orbit in the propeller wake region. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Individual great earthquakes are posited to release the elastic strain energy that has accumulated over centuries by the gradual movement of tectonic plates(1,2). However, knowledge of plate deformation during a complete seismic cycle-two successive great earthquakes and the intervening interseismic period-remains incomplete(3). A complete seismic cycle began in south-central Chile in 1835 with an earthquake of about magnitude 8.5 (refs 4,5) and ended in 2010 with a magnitude 8.8 earthquake(6). During the first earthquake, an uplift of Isla Santa Maria by 2.4 to 3m was documented(4,5). In the second earthquake, the island was uplifted(7) by 1.8 m. Here we use nautical surveys made in 1804, after the earthquake in 1835 and in 1886, together with modern echo sounder surveys and GPS measurements made immediately before and after the 2010 earthquake, to quantify vertical deformation through the complete seismic cycle. We find that in the period between the two earthquakes, Isla Santa Maria subsided by about 1.4 m. We simulate the patterns of vertical deformation with a finite-element model and find that they agree broadly with predictions from elastic rebound theory(2). However, comparison with geomorphic and geologic records of millennial coastline emergence(8,9) reveal that 10-20% of the vertical uplift could be permanent.
We present results from VERITAS observations of the BL Lac object PG 1553+113 spanning the years 2010, 2011, and 2012. The time-averaged spectrum, measured between 160 and 560 GeV, is well described by a power law with a spectral index of 4.33 +/- 0.09. The time-averaged integral flux above 200 GeV measured for this period was (1.69 +/- 0.06) x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1), corresponding to 6.9% of the Crab Nebula flux. We also present the combined gamma-ray spectrum from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and VERITAS covering an energy range from 100 MeV to 560 GeV. The data are well fit by a power law with an exponential cutoff at 101.9 +/- 3.2 GeV. The origin of the cutoff could be intrinsic to PG 1553+113 or be due to the gamma-ray opacity of our universe through pair production off the extragalactic background light (EBL). Given lower limits to the redshift of z > 0.395 based on optical/UV observations of PG 1553+113, the cutoff would be dominated by EBL absorption. Conversely, the small statistical uncertainties of the VERITAS energy spectrum have allowed us to provide a robust upper limit on the redshift of PG 1553+113 of z <= 0.62. A strongly elevated mean flux of (2.50 +/- 0.14) x10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1) (10.3% of the Crab Nebula flux) was observed during 2012, with the daily flux reaching as high as (4.44 +/- 0.71) x10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1) (18.3% of the Crab Nebula flux) on MJD 56048. The light curve measured during the 2012 observing season is marginally inconsistent with a steady flux, giving a chi(2) probability for a steady flux of 0.03%.
Verhandlungsmanagement
(2015)
In nahezu allen Unternehmensbereichen spielen Verhandlungen eine zentrale Rolle.
- Umfassender Ansatz des betriebswirtschaftlichen Verhandlungsmanagements
- Praxiserfahrungen
- Aktuelle Erkenntnisse der Verhandlungsforschung
- Instrumente und Tools zur Planung, Steuerung und Kontrolle
- Realitätsnahe Fallstudien
- Prägnante Beispiele
- Übungsaufgaben
Siberian arctic vegetation and lake water communities, known for their temperature dependence, are expected to be particularly impacted by recent climate change and high warming rates. However, decadal information on the nature and strength of recent vegetation change and its time lag to climate signals are rare. In this study, we present a Pb-210/Cs-137 dated pollen and Pediastrum species record from a unnamed lake in the south of the Taymyr peninsula covering the period from AD 1706 to 2011. Thirty-nine palynomorphs and 10 morphotypes of Pediastrum species were studied to assess changes in vegetation and lake conditions as probable responses to climate change. We compared the pollen record with Pediastrum species, which we consider to be important proxies of climate changes. Three pollen assemblage zones characterised by Betula nana, Alnus viridis and Larix gmelinii (1706-1808); herbs such as Cyperaceae, Artemisia or Senecio (1808-1879), and higher abundance of Larix pollen (1955-2011) are visible. Also, three Pediastrum assemblage zones show changes of aquatic conditions: higher abundances of Pediastrum boryanum var. brevicorne (1706-1802); medium abundances of P. kawraiskyi and P. integrum (1802-1840 and 1920-1980), indicating cooler conditions while less eutrophic conditions are indicated by P. boryanum, and a mainly balanced composition with only small changes of cold- and warm-adapted Pediastrum species (1965-2011). In general, compositional Pediastrum species turnover is slightly higher than that indicated by pollen data (0.54 vs 0.34 SD), but both are only minor for this treeline location. In conclusion, the relevance of differentiation of Pediastrum species is promising and can give further insights into the relationship between lakes and their surrounding vegetation transferred onto climatic conditions.
Effective recognition of enzymatically active tetrameric acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is accomplished by a hybrid nanofilm composed of a propidium-terminated self-assembled monolayer (Prop-SAM) which binds AChE via its peripheral anionic site (PAS) and an ultrathin electrosynthesized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) cover layer of a novel carboxylate-modified derivative of 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene. The rebinding of the AChE to the MIP/Prop-SAM nanofilm covered electrode is detected by measuring in situ the enzymatic activity. The oxidative current of the released thiocholine is dependent on the AChE concentration from approximate to 0.04 x 10(-6) to 0.4 x 10(-6)m. An imprinting factor of 9.9 is obtained for the hybrid MIP, which is among the best values reported for protein imprinting. The dissociation constant characterizing the strength of the MIP-AChE binding is 4.2 x 10(-7)m indicating the dominant role of the PAS-Prop-SAM interaction, while the benefit of the MIP nanofilm covering the Prop-SAM layer is the effective suppression of the cross-reactivity toward competing proteins as compared with the Prop-SAM. The threefold selectivity gain provided by i) the shape-specific MIP filter, ii) the propidium-SAM, iii) signal generation only by the AChE bound to the nanofilm shows promise for assessing AChE activity levels in cerebrospinal fluid.
Information structure has been one of the central topics of recent linguistic research. This review discusses a wide range of current approaches with particular reference to African languages, as these have been playing a crucial role in advancing our knowledge about the diversity of and recurring patterns in both meaning and form of information structural notions. We focus on cross-linguistic functional frameworks, the investigation of prosody, formal syntactic theories, and relevant effects of semantic interpretation. Information structure is a thriving research domain that promises to yield important advances in our general understanding of human language.
Many chemical reactions in biological cells occur at very low concentrations of constituent molecules. Thus, transcriptional gene-regulation is often controlled by poorly expressed transcription-factors, such as E. coli lac repressor with few tens of copies. Here we study the effects of inherent concentration fluctuations of substrate-molecules on the seminal Michaelis-Menten scheme of biochemical reactions. We present a universal correction to the Michaelis-Menten equation for the reaction-rates. The relevance and validity of this correction for enzymatic reactions and intracellular gene-regulation is demonstrated. Our analytical theory and simulation results confirm that the proposed variance-corrected Michaelis-Menten equation predicts the rate of reactions with remarkable accuracy even in the presence of large non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations. The major advantage of our approach is that it involves only the mean and variance of the substrate-molecule concentration. Our theory is therefore accessible to experiments and not specific to the exact source of the concentration fluctuations.
Many chemical reactions in biological cells occur at very low concentrations of constituent molecules. Thus, transcriptional gene-regulation is often controlled by poorly expressed transcription-factors, such as E.coli lac repressor with few tens of copies. Here we study the effects of inherent concentration fluctuations of substrate-molecules on the seminal Michaelis-Menten scheme of biochemical reactions. We present a universal correction to the Michaelis-Menten equation for the reaction-rates. The relevance and validity of this correction for enzymatic reactions and intracellular gene-regulation is demonstrated. Our analytical theory and simulation results confirm that the proposed variance-corrected Michaelis-Menten equation predicts the rate of reactions with remarkable accuracy even in the presence of large non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations. The major advantage of our approach is that it involves only the mean and variance of the substrate-molecule concentration. Our theory is therefore accessible to experiments and not specific to the exact source of the concentration fluctuations.
Variance Inflation Factor
(2015)
Brain activation stability is crucial to understanding attention lapses. EEG methods could provide excellent markers to assess neuronal response variability with respect to temporal (intertrial coherence) and spatial variability (topographic consistency) as well as variations in activation intensity (low frequency variability of single trial global field power).
We calculated intertrial coherence, topographic consistency and low frequency amplitude variability during target P300 in a continuous performance test in 263 15-year-olds from a cohort with psychosocial and biological risk factors.
Topographic consistency and low frequency amplitude variability predicted reaction time fluctuations (RTSD) in a linear model. Higher RTSD was only associated with higher psychosocial adversity in the presence of the homozygous 6R-10R dopamine transporter haplotype.
We propose that topographic variability of single trial P300 reflects noise as well as variability in evoked cortical activation patterns. Dopaminergic neuromodulation interacted with environmental and biological risk factors to predict behavioural reaction time variability. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Validation of two accelerometers to determine mechanical loading of physical activities in children
(2015)
The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of accelerometers using force plates (i.e., ground reaction force (GRF)) during the performance of different tasks of daily physical activity in children. Thirteen children (10.1 (range 5.4-15.7)years, 3 girls) wore two accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+ (ACT), GENEA (GEN)) at the hip that provide raw acceleration signals at 100Hz. Participants completed different tasks (walking, jogging, running, landings from boxes of different height, rope skipping, dancing) on a force plate. GRF was collected for one step per trial (10 trials) for ambulatory movements and for all landings (10 trials), rope skips and dance procedures. Accelerometer outputs as peak loading (g) per activity were averaged. ANOVA, correlation analyses and Bland-Altman plots were computed to determine validity of accelerometers using GRF. There was a main effect of task with increasing acceleration values in tasks with increasing locomotion speed and landing height (P<0.001). Data from ACT and GEN correlated with GRF (r=0.90 and 0.89, respectively) and between each other (r=0.98), but both accelerometers consistently overestimated GRF. The new generation of accelerometer models that allow raw signal detection are reasonably accurate to measure impact loading of bone in children, although they systematically overestimate GRF.
Vacuum space charge induced kinetic energy shifts of O 1s and Ru 3d core levels in femtosecond soft X-ray photoemission spectra (PES) have been studied at a free electron laser (FEL) for an oxygen layer on Ru(0001). We fully reproduced the measurements by simulating the in-vacuum expansion of the photoelectrons and demonstrate the space charge contribution of the high-order harmonics in the FEL beam. Employing the same analysis for 400 nm pump-X-ray probe PES, we can disentangle the delay dependent Ru 3d energy shifts into effects induced by space charge and by lattice heating from the femtosecond pump pulse. (C) 2015 Author(s).
Reporter gene assays are widely used for the assessment of transcription factor activation following xenobiotic exposure of cells. A critical issue with such assays is the possibility of interference of test compounds with the test system, for example, by direct inhibition of the reporter enzyme. Here we show that the pyrrolizidine alkaloid heliotrine interferes with reporter signals derived from GAL4-based nuclear receptor transactivation assays by a mechanism independent of luciferase enzyme inhibition. These data highlight the necessity to conduct proper control experiments in order to avoid perturbation of reporter assays by test chemicals. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
In this work we extract the microphysical properties of aerosols for a collection of measurement cases with low volume depolarization ratio originating from fire sources captured by the Raman lidar located at the National Institute of Optoelectronics (INOE) in Bucharest. Our algorithm was tested not only for pure smoke but also for mixed smoke and urban aerosols of variable age and growth. Applying a sensitivity analysis on initial parameter settings of our retrieval code was proved vital for producing semi-automatized retrievals with a hybrid regularization method developed at the Institute of Mathematics of Potsdam University. A direct quantitative comparison of the retrieved microphysical properties with measurements from a Compact Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (CToF-AMS) is used to validate our algorithm. Microphysical retrievals performed with sun photometer data are also used to explore our results. Focusing on the fine mode we observed remarkable similarities between the retrieved size distribution and the one measured by the AMS. More complicated atmospheric structures and the factor of absorption appear to depend more on particle radius being subject to variation. A good correlation was found between the aerosol effective radius and particle age, using the ratio of lidar ratios (LR: aerosol extinction to backscatter ratios) as an indicator for the latter. Finally, the dependence on relative humidity of aerosol effective radii measured on the ground and within the layers aloft show similar patterns. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the general population. Despite a large demand for efficient treatment options, the majority of older depressed adults does not receive adequate treatment: Additional low-threshold treatments are needed for this age group. Over the past two decades, a growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been conducted, testing the efficacy of physical exercise in the alleviation of depression in older adults. This meta-analysis systematically reviews and evaluates these studies; some subanalyses testing specific effects of different types of exercise and settings are also performed. In order to be included, exercise programs of the RCTs had to fulfill the criteria of exercise according to the American College of Sports Medicine, including a sample mean age of 60 or above and an increased level of depressive symptoms. Eighteen trials with 1,063 participants fulfilled our inclusion criteria. A comparison of the posttreatment depression scores between the exercise and control groups revealed a moderate effect size in favor of the exercise groups (standardized mean difference (SMD) of –0.68, p < .001). The effect was comparable to the results achieved when only the eleven trials with low risk of bias were included (SMD = –0.63, p < .001). The subanalyses showed significant effects for all types of exercise and for supervised interventions. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that physical exercise may serve as a feasible, additional intervention to fight depression in older adults. However, because of small sample sizes of the majority of individual trials and high statistical heterogeneity, results must be interpreted carefully.
We have characterized ultraviolet (UV) photon-induced DNA strand break processes by determination of absolute cross sections for photoabsorption and for sequence-specific DNA single strand breakage induced by photons in an energy range from 6.50 to 8.94 eV. These represent the lowest-energy photons able to induce DNA strand breaks. Oligonudeotide targets are immobilized on a UV transparent substrate in controlled quantities through attachment to DNA origami templates. Photon-induced dissociation of single DNA strands is visualized and quantified using atomic force microscopy. The obtained quantum yields for strand breakage vary between 0.06 and 0.5, indicating highly efficient DNA strand breakage by UV photons, which is clearly dependent on the photon energy. Above the ionization threshold strand breakage becomes clearly the dominant form of DNA radiation damage, which is then also dependent on the nucleotide sequence.
We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic-Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers similar to 45 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers similar to 25 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe similar to 3,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages.
We present the first image of the Madeira upper crustal structure, using ambient seismic noise tomography. 16 months of ambient noise, recorded in a dense network of 26 seismometers deployed across Madeira, allowed reconstructing Rayleigh wave Green's functions between receivers. Dispersion analysis was performed in the short period band from 1.0 to 4.0 s. Group velocity measurements were regionalized to obtain 20 tomographic images, with a lateral resolution of 2.0 km in central Madeira. Afterwards, the dispersion curves, extracted from each cell of the 2D group velocity maps, were inverted as a function of depth to obtain a 3D shear wave velocity model of the upper crust, from the surface to a depth of 2.0 km. The obtained 3D velocity model reveals features throughout the island that correlates well with surface geology and island evolution. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
By overcoming the diffraction limit in light microscopy, super-resolution techniques, such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, are experiencing an increasing impact on life sciences. High costs and technically demanding setups, however, may still hinder a wider distribution of this innovation in biomedical research laboratories. As far-field microscopy is the most widely employed microscopy modality in the life sciences, upgrading already existing systems seems to be an attractive option for achieving diffraction-unlimited fluorescence microscopy in a cost-effective manner. Here, we demonstrate the successful upgrade of a commercial time-resolved confocal fluorescence microscope to an easy-to-align STED microscope in the single-beam path layout, previously proposed as "easy-STED", achieving lateral resolution <lambda/10 corresponding to a five-fold improvement over a confocal modality. For this purpose, both the excitation and depletion laser beams pass through a commercially available segmented phase plate that creates the STED-doughnut light distribution in the focal plane, while leaving the excitation beam unaltered when implemented into the joint beam path. Diffraction-unlimited imaging of 20 nm-sized fluorescent beads as reference were achieved with the wavelength combination of 635 nm excitation and 766 nm depletion. To evaluate the STED performance in biological systems, we compared the popular phalloidin-coupled fluorescent dyes Atto647N and Abberior STAR635 by labeling F-actin filaments in vitro as well as through immunofluorescence recordings of microtubules in a complex epithelial tissue. Here, we applied a recently proposed deconvolution approach and showed that images obtained from time-gated pulsed STED microscopy may benefit concerning the signal-to-background ratio, from the joint deconvolution of sub-images with different spatial information which were extracted from offline time gating.
Upconversion NaYF4:Yb:Er nanoparticles co-doped with Gd3+ and Nd3+ for thermometry on the nanoscale
(2015)
In the present work, the upconversion luminescence properties of oleic acid capped NaYF4:Gd3+:Yb3+:Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) with pure β crystal phase and Nd3+ ions as an additional sensitizer were studied in the temperature range of 288 K < T < 328 K. The results of this study showed that the complex interplay of different mechanisms and effects, causing the special temperature behavior of the UCNP can be developed into thermometry on the nanoscale, e.g. to be applied in biological systems on a cellular level. The performance was improved by the use of Nd3+ as an additional dopant utilizing the cascade sensitization mechanism in tri-doped UCNP.
Upconversion NaYF4:Yb:Er nanoparticles co-doped with Gd3+ and Nd3+ for thermometry on the nanoscale
(2015)
In the present work, the upconversion luminescence properties of oleic acid capped NaYF4:Gd3+:Yb3+:Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) with pure beta crystal phase and Nd3+ ions as an additional sensitizer were studied in the temperature range of 288 K < T < 328 K. The results of this study showed that the complex interplay of different mechanisms and effects, causing the special temperature behavior of the UCNP can be developed into thermometry on the nanoscale, e.g. to be applied in biological systems on a cellular level. The performance was improved by the use of Nd3+ as an additional dopant utilizing the cascade sensitization mechanism in tri-doped UCNP.
The temperature-dependent upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Yb:Er nanoparticles (UCNP) containing different contents of Gd3+ as additional dopant was characterized. The UCNP were synthesized in a hydrothermal synthesis and stabilized with citrate in order to transfer them to the water phase. Basic characterization was carried out using TEM and DLS to determine the average size of the UCNP. The XRD technique was used to investigate the crystal lattice of the UCNP. It was found that due to the presence of Gd3+, an alteration of the lattice phase from a to beta was induced which was also reflected in the observed upconversion luminescence properties of the UCNP. A detailed analysis of the upconversion luminescence spectraespecially at ultralow temperaturesrevealed the different effects of phonon coupling between the host lattice and the sensitizer (Yb3+) as well as the activator (Er3+). Furthermore, the upconversion luminescence intensity reached a maximum between 15 and 250 K depending on Gd3+ content. In comparison to the very complex temperature behavior of the upconversion luminescence in the temperature range <273 K, the luminescence intensity ratio of H-2(11/2)-> I-4(15/2) to S-4(3/2)-> I-4(15/2) (R = G1/G2) in a higher temperature range can be described by an Arrhenius-type equation.
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for development and function of the nervous system. Deficiencies in Mn transport have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD), an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of medium spiny neurons of the striatum. Brain Mn levels are highest in striatum and other basal ganglia structures, the most sensitive brain regions to Mn neurotoxicity. Mouse models of HD exhibit decreased striatal Mn accumulation and HD striatal neuron models are resistant to Mn cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that the observed modulation of Mn cellular transport is associated with compensatory metabolic responses to HD pathology. Here we use an untargeted metabolomics approach by performing ultraperformance liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry (UPLC-IM-MS) on control and HD immortalized mouse striatal neurons to identify metabolic disruptions under three Mn exposure conditions, low (vehicle), moderate (non-cytotoxic) and high (cytotoxic). Our analysis revealed lower metabolite levels of pantothenic acid, and glutathione (GSH) in HD striatal cells relative to control cells. HD striatal cells also exhibited lower abundance and impaired induction of isobutyryl carnitine in response to increasing Mn exposure. In addition, we observed induction of metabolites in the pentose shunt pathway in HD striatal cells after high Mn exposure. These findings provide metabolic evidence of an interaction between the HD genotype and biologically relevant levels of Mn in a striatal cell model with known HD by Mn exposure interactions. The metabolic phenotypes detected support existing hypotheses that changes in energetic processes underlie the pathobiology of both HD and Mn neurotoxicity.
The architecture of coastal sequences in tectonically-active regions results mostly from a combination of sea-level and land-level changes. The objective of this study is to unravel these signals by combining sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology of near-shore sedimentary sequences in wave-built terraces. We focus on Santa Maria Island at the south-central Chile margin, which hosts excellent exposures of coastal sediments from Marine Isotope Stage 3. A novel method based on statistical analysis of grain-size distributions coupled with fades descriptions provided a detailed account of transgressive-regressive cycles. Radiocarbon ages from paleosols constrain the chronology between >53 and similar to 31 cal ka BP. Because the influence of glaciations can be neglected, we calculated relative sea-level curves by tying the onset of deposition on a bedrock abrasion platform to a global sea-level curve. The observed depositional cycles match those predicted for uplift rates between 1.2 and 1.8 m/ka. The studied sedimentary units represent depositional cycles that resulted in reoccupation events of an existing marine terrace. Our study demonstrates wave-built marine terrace deposits along clastic shorelines in temperate regions can be used to distinguish between tectonic uplift and climate-induced sea-level changes.
Unprecedented study of the broadband emission of Mrk 421 during flaring activity in March 2010
(2015)
Context. Because of its proximity, Mrk 421 is one of the best sources on which to study the nature of BL Lac objects. Its proximity allows us to characterize its broadband spectral energy distribution (SED).
Aims. The goal is to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the broadband emission and the temporal evolution of Mrk 421. These mechanisms may also apply to more distant blazars that cannot be studied with the same level of detail.
Methods. A flare occurring in March 2010 was observed for 13 consecutive days (from MJD 55 265 to MJD 55 277) with unprecedented wavelength coverage from radio to very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-rays with MAGIC, VERITAS, Whipple, Fermi-LAT, MAXI, RXTE, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and several optical and radio telescopes. We modeled the day-scale SEDs with one-zone and two-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models, investigated the physical parameters, and evaluated whether the observed broadband SED variability can be associated with variations in the relativistic particle population.
Results. The activity of Mrk 421 initially was high and then slowly decreased during the 13-day period. The flux variability was remarkable at the X-ray and VHE bands, but it was minor or not significant at the other bands. The variability in optical polarization was also minor. These observations revealed an almost linear correlation between the X-ray flux at the 2-10 keV band and the VHE gamma-ray flux above 200 GeV, consistent with the gamma-rays being produced by inverse-Compton scattering in the Klein-Nishina regime in the framework of SSC models. The one-zone SSC model can describe the SED of each day for the 13 consecutive days reasonably well, which once more shows the success of this standard theoretical scenario to describe the SEDs of VHE BL Lacs such as Mrk 421. This flaring activity is also very well described by a two-zone SSC model, where one zone is responsible for the quiescent emission, while the other smaller zone, which is spatially separated from the first, contributes to the daily variable emission occurring at X-rays and VHE gamma-rays. The second blob is assumed to have a smaller volume and a narrow electron energy distribution with 3 x 10(4) < gamma < 6 x 10(5), where. is the Lorentz factor of the electrons. Such a two-zone scenario would naturally lead to the correlated variability at the X-ray and VHE bands without variability at the optical/UV band, as well as to shorter timescales for the variability at the X-ray and VHE bands with respect to the variability at the other bands.
Conclusions. Both the one-zone and the two-zone SSC models can describe the daily SEDs via the variation of only four or five model parameters, under the hypothesis that the variability is associated mostly with the underlying particle population. This shows that the particle acceleration and cooling mechanism that produces the radiating particles might be the main mechanism responsible for the broadband SED variations during the flaring episodes in blazars. The two-zone SSC model provides a better agreement with the observed SED at the narrow peaks of the low-and high-energy bumps during the highest activity, although the reported one-zone SSC model could be further improved by varying the parameters related to the emitting region itself (delta, B and R), in addition to the parameters related to the particle population.
Understanding the rates and pattern of erosion is a key aspect of deciphering the impacts of climate and tectonics on landscape evolution. Denudation rates derived from terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCNs) are commonly used to quantify erosion and bridge tectonic (Myr) and climatic (up to several kiloyears) time scales. However, how the processes of erosion in active orogens are ultimately reflected in Be-10 TCN samples remains a topic of discussion. We investigate this problem in the Arun Valley of eastern Nepal with 34 new Be-10-derived catchment-mean denudation rates. The Arun Valley is characterized by steep north-south gradients in topography and climate. Locally, denudation rates increase northward, from <0.2mmyr(-1) to similar to 1.5mmyr(-1) in tributary samples, while main stem samples appear to increase downstream from similar to 0.2mmyr(-1) at the border with Tibet to 0.91mmyr(-1) in the foreland. Denudation rates most strongly correlate with normalized channel steepness (R-2=0.67), which has been commonly interpreted to indicate tectonic activity. Significant downstream decrease of Be-10 concentration in the main stem Arun suggests that upstream sediment grains are fining to the point that they are operationally excluded from the processed sample. This results in Be-10 concentrations and denudation rates that do not uniformly represent the upstream catchment area. We observe strong impacts on Be-10 concentrations from local, nonfluvial geomorphic processes, such as glaciation and landsliding coinciding with areas of peak rainfall rates, pointing toward climatic modulation of predominantly tectonically driven denudation rates.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measurements with ultrasound have recently been introduced to assess body fat in elite athletes. However, appropriate protocols and data on various groups of athletes are missing. We investigated intra-rater reliability of SAT measurements using ultrasound in elite canoe athletes. 25 international level canoeists (18 male, 7 female; 23 +/- 4 years; 81 +/- 11 kg; 1.83 +/- 0.09 m; 20 +/- 3 training h/wk) were measured on 2 consecutive days. SAT was assessed with B-mode ultrasound at 8 sites (ISAK): triceps, subscapular, biceps, iliac crest, supraspinal, abdominal, front thigh, medial calf, and quantified using image analysis software. Data was analyzed descriptively (mean +/- SD, [range]). Coefficient of variation (CV %), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 2.1) and absolute (LoA) and ratio limits of agreement (RLoA) were calculated for day-to-day reliability. Mean sum of SAT thickness was 30.0 +/- 19.4 mm [8.0, 80.1 mm], with 3.9 +/- 1.8 mm [1.2 mm subscapular, 8.0 mm abdominal] for individual sites. CV for the sum of sites was 4.7 %, ICC 0.99, LoA 1.7 +/- 3.6 mm, RLoA 0.940 (*/divided by 1.155). Measuring SAT with ultrasound has proved to have excellent day-to-day reliability in elite canoe athletes. Recommendations for standardization of the method will further increase accuracy and reproducibility.
BACKGROUND: Reproducible measurements of tendon structural properties are a prerequisite for accurate diagnosis of tendon disorders and for determination of their mechanical properties. Despite the widely used application of Ultrasonography (US) in musculoskeletal assessment, its operator dependency and lack of standardization influences the consistency of the measurement.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intra-rater reproducibility of a standardized US method assessing the structural properties of the Achilles tendon (AT).
METHODS: Sixteen asymptomatic participants were positioned prone on an isokinetic dynamometer with the knee extended and ankle at 90. flexion. US was used to assess AT-length, cross-sectional area (CSA), and AT-elongation during isometric plantarflexion contraction. The intra-rater reproducibility was assessed by ICC (2.1), Test-Retest Variability (TRV, %), Bland-Altman analyses (Bias +/- LoA [1.96*SD]), and Standard-Error of Measurement (SEM).
RESULTS: Measurements of AT-length demonstrated an ICC of 0.93, TRV of 4.5 +/- 3.9%, Bias +/- LoA of -2.8 +/- 25.0 mm and SEM of 6.6 mm. AT-CSA showed an ICC of 0.79, TRV of 8.7 +/- 9.6%, Bias +/- LoA of 1.7 +/- 19.4 mm(2) and SEM of 5.3 mm(2). AT-elongation revealed an ICC of 0.92, TRV of 12.9 +/- 8.9%, Bias +/- LoA of 0.3 +/- 5.7 mm and SEM of 1.5 mm.
CONCLUSIONS: The presented methodology allows a reproducible assessment of Achilles tendon structural properties when performed by a single rater.
We define and study in detail utraslow scaled Brownian motion (USBM) characterized by a time dependent diffusion coefficient of the form D(t) similar or equal to 1/t. For unconfined motion the mean squared displacement (MSD) of USBM exhibits an ultraslow, logarithmic growth as function of time, in contrast to the conventional scaled Brownian motion. In a harmonic potential the MSD of USBM does not saturate but asymptotically decays inverse-proportionally to time, reflecting the highly non-stationary character of the process. We show that the process is weakly non-ergodic in the sense that the time averaged MSD does not converge to the regular MSD even at long times, and for unconfined motion combines a linear lag time dependence with a logarithmic term. The weakly non-ergodic behaviour is quantified in terms of the ergodicity breaking parameter. The USBM process is also shown to be ageing: observables of the system depend on the time gap between initiation of the test particle and start of the measurement of its motion. Our analytical results are shown to agree excellently with extensive computer simulations.
We define and study in detail utraslow scaled Brownian motion (USBM) characterized by a time dependent diffusion coefficient of the form . For unconfined motion the mean squared displacement (MSD) of USBM exhibits an ultraslow, logarithmic growth as function of time, in contrast to the conventional scaled Brownian motion. In a harmonic potential the MSD of USBM does not saturate but asymptotically decays inverse-proportionally to time, reflecting the highly non-stationary character of the process. We show that the process is weakly non-ergodic in the sense that the time averaged MSD does not converge to the regular MSD even at long times, and for unconfined motion combines a linear lag time dependence with a logarithmic term. The weakly non-ergodic behaviour is quantified in terms of the ergodicity breaking parameter. The USBM process is also shown to be ageing: observables of the system depend on the time gap between initiation of the test particle and start of the measurement of its motion. Our analytical results are shown to agree excellently with extensive computer simulations.
Typical intellectual engagement and achievement in math and the sciences in secondary education
(2015)
Typical Intellectual Engagement (TIE) is considered a key trait in explaining individual differences in educational achievement in advanced academic or professional settings. Research in secondary education, however, has focused on cognitive and conative factors rather than personality. In the present large-scale study, we investigated the relation between TIE and achievement tests in math and science in Grade 9. A three-dimensional model (reading, contemplation, intellectual curiosity) provided high theoretical plausibility and satisfactory model fit. We quantified the predictive power of TIE with hierarchical regression models. After controlling for gender, migration background, and socioeconomic status, TIE contributed substantially to the explanation of math and science achievement. However, this effect almost disappeared after fluid intelligence and interest were added into the model. Thus, we found only limited support for the significance of TIE on educational achievement at least for subjects more strongly relying on fluid abilities such as math and science. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Hybrid materials are at the forefront of modern research and technology; hence a large number of publications on hybrid materials has already appeared in the scientific literature. This essay focuses on the specifics and peculiarities of hybrid materials based on two-dimensional (2D) building blocks and confinements, for two reasons: (1) 2D materials have a very broad field of application, but they also illustrate many of the scientific challenges the community faces, both on a fundamental and an application level; (2) all authors of this essay are involved in research on 2D materials, but their perspective and vision of how the field will develop in the future and how it is possible to benefit from these new developments are rooted in very different scientific subfields. The current article will thus present a personal, yet quite broad, account of how hybrid materials, specifically 2D hybrid materials, will provide means to aid modern societies in fields as different as healthcare and energy.
We analyze quasiperiodic partially synchronous states in an ensemble of Stuart-Landau oscillators with global nonlinear coupling. We reveal two types of such dynamics: in the first case the time-averaged frequencies of oscillators and of the mean field differ, while in the second case they are equal, but the motion of oscillators is additionally modulated. We describe transitions from the synchronous state to both types of quasiperiodic dynamics, and a transition between two different quasiperiodic states. We present an example of a bifurcation diagram, where we show the borderlines for all these transitions, as well as domain of bistability.
School attacks are attracting increasing attention in aggression research. Recent systematic analyses provided new insights into offense and offender characteristics. Less is known about attacks in institutes of higher education (e.g., universities). It is therefore questionable whether the term “school attack” should be limited to institutions of general education or could be extended to institutions of higher education. Scientific literature is divided in distinguishing or unifying these two groups and reports similarities as well as differences. We researched 232 school attacks and 45 attacks in institutes of higher education throughout the world and conducted systematic comparisons between the two groups. The analyses yielded differences in offender (e.g., age, migration background) and offense characteristics (e.g., weapons, suicide rates), and some similarities (e.g., gender). Most differences can apparently be accounted for by offenders’ age and situational influences. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and the development of preventative measures.
Cadmium(II) based 2D coordination polymer [Cd(L1)(2)(DMF)(2)] (1) (L1 = 4,5-dicyano-2-methylimidazolate, DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide) and 2D cobalt(II)-imidazolate framework [Co(L3)(4)] (2) (L3 = 4,5-diamide-2-ethoxyimidazolate) were synthesized under solvothermal reaction conditions. The materials were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction measurement (PXRD) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 has hexacoordinate Cd-II ions and forms a zigzag chain-like coordination polymer structure, whereas compound 2 exhibits a 2D square grid type structure. The thermal stability analysis reveals that 2 showed an exceptional thermal stability up to 360 degrees C. Also, 2 maintained its fully crystalline integrity in boiling water as confirmed by PXRD. The solid state luminescent property of 1 was not observed at room temperature. Compound 2 showed an independent high spin central Co-II atom.
Leopard complex spotting is inherited by the incompletely dominant locus, LP, which also causes congenital stationary night blindness in homozygous horses. We investigated an associated single nucleotide polymorphism in the TRPM1 gene in 96 archaeological bones from 31 localities from Late Pleistocene (approx. 17 000 YBP) to medieval times. The first genetic evidence of LP spotting in Europe dates back to the Pleistocene. We tested for temporal changes in the LP associated allele frequency and estimated coefficients of selection by means of approximate Bayesian computation analyses. Our results show that at least some of the observed frequency changes are congruent with shifts in artificial selection pressure for the leopard complex spotting phenotype. In early domestic horses from Kirklareli-Kanligecit (Turkey) dating to 2700-2200 BC, a remarkably high number of leopard spotted horses (six of 10 individuals) was detected including one adult homozygote. However, LP seems to have largely disappeared during the late Bronze Age, suggesting selection against this phenotype in early domestic horses. During the Iron Age, LP reappeared, probably by reintroduction into the domestic gene pool from wild animals. This picture of alternating selective regimes might explain how genetic diversity was maintained in domestic animals despite selection for specific traits at different times.
Much progress has been made in estimating recurrence intervals of great and giant subduction earthquakes using terrestrial, lacustrine, and marine paleoseismic archives. Recent detailed records suggest these earthquakes may have variable recurrence periods and magnitudes forming supercycles. Understanding seismic supercycles requires long paleoseismic archives that record timing and magnitude of such events. Turbidite paleoseismic archives may potentially extend past earthquake records to the Pleistocene and can thus complement commonly shorter-term terrestrial archives. However, in order to unambiguously establish recurring seismicity as a trigger mechanism for turbidity currents, synchronous deposition of turbidites in widely spaced, isolated depocenters has to be ascertained. Furthermore, characteristics that predispose a seismically active continental margin to turbidite paleoseismology and the correct sample site selection have to be taken into account.
Here we analyze 8 marine sediment cores along 950 km of the Chile margin to test for the feasibility of compiling detailed and continuous paleoseismic records based on turbidites. Our results suggest that the deposition of areally widespread, synchronous turbidites triggered by seismicity is largely controlled by sediment supply and, hence, the climatic and geomorphic conditions of the adjacent subaerial setting. The feasibility of compiling a turbidite paleoseismic record depends on the delicate balance between sufficient sediment supply providing material to fail frequently during seismic shaking and sufficiently low sedimentation rates to allow for coeval accumulation of planktonic foraminifera for high-resolution radiocarbon dating.
We conclude that offshore northern central Chile (29-32.5 degrees S) Holocene turbidite paleoseismology is not feasible, because sediment supply from the semi-arid mainland is low and almost no Holocene turbidity-current deposits are found in the cores. In contrast, in the humid region between 36 and 38 degrees S frequent Holocene turbidite deposition may generally correspond to paleoseismic events. However, high terrigenous sedimentation rates prevent high-resolution radiocarbon dating. The climatic transition region between 32.5 and 36 degrees S appears to be best suited for turbidite paleoseismology. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.